FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Jeong, E Freeman, HS Claxton, LD AF Jeong, Euigyung Freeman, Harold S. Claxton, Larry D. TI Synthesis and characterization of selected 4,4 '-diaminoalkoxyazobenzenes SO DYES AND PIGMENTS LA English DT Review DE Monoazo dyes; Diaminoalkoxyazobenzenes; N-hydroxyethyl groups; Mutagenicity assay ID ALKOXY SUBSTITUENTS; MUTAGENICITY; SERIES; AGENTS; DYES AB The role of the -N(CH(2)CH(2)OH)(2) group in producing a mutagenic response from 4-((3-(2-hydroxyethoxy) 4-amino)phenylazo)-N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline has been investigated. To accomplish this goal, a group of substituted 4,4'-diaminoazobenzene dyes was synthesized, and their structures were confirmed using 1H NMR, TOF-LC-ESI mass spectrometry, and combustion analysis. Mutagenicity was determined using the standard Ames test in Salmonella strains TA98, TA100, and TA1538 with and without S9 enzyme activation. The results of this study provide evidence that the mutagenicity of the parent dye arises from the metabolic cleavage of N-hydroxyethyl groups to give the corresponding -NHCH(2)CH(2)OH and -NH(2) substituted monoazo dyes as direct-acting mutagens. All 5 of the dyes studied were mutagenic at various levels with and without S9 enzyme activation in TA1538. In addition, the results show that removing one N-hydroxyethyl group and capping both -OH groups in the parent dye did not affect mutagenicity, whereas removing both N-hydroxyethyl groups produced a strong direct-acting mutagen in all three bacterial strains. Increasing the length of the N-alkyl chain from two to three carbon atoms eliminated mutagenicity in TA98 without S9 activation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jeong, Euigyung; Freeman, Harold S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Claxton, Larry D.] US EPA, Genet & Cellular Toxicol Branch, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Freeman, HS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM harold_freeman@ncsu.edu OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-7208 J9 DYES PIGMENTS JI Dyes Pigment. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 87 IS 2 BP 100 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.dyepig.2010.03.002 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 614LY UT WOS:000279061700003 ER PT J AU Jones, EA Wright, JM Rice, G Buckley, BT Magsumbol, MS Barr, DB Williams, BL AF Jones, Elizabeth A. Wright, J. Michael Rice, Glenn Buckley, Brian T. Magsumbol, Melina S. Barr, Dana B. Williams, Bryan L. TI Metal exposures in an inner-city neonatal population SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Lead; Metals; Pregnancy; Environmental epidemiology; Urban health ID BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; LESS-THAN-10 MU-G/DL; UMBILICAL-CORD BLOOD; HEAVY-METALS; US CHILDREN; PREGNANCY; CADMIUM; WOMEN; MERCURY; WEIGHT AB Objectives: We measured concentrations of lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu) in umbilical cord whole blood and examined sources of environmental Pb exposures in a predominantly African-American population. Methods: Between April and July 2006, we collected reproductive histories, questionnaires, and blood samples from 102 women, aged 16-45 years, who delivered at a Memphis, TN hospital. Results: The prevalence of preeclampsia and low birth weight infancy in the study population was 11% and 10%, respectively. Twenty-eight percent of mothers reported living near a potential Pb-contaminated area, while 43% lived in a residence built before 1978. Geometric mean (GM) concentrations for umbilical cord blood in the study population were 1.3, 3.5, 9.0, and 52.0 mu g/dL for Pb, Mn, Cr, and Cu, respectively. Six neonates had cord blood Pb (CBL) concentrations above 10 mu g/dL, while 20 had CBL concentrations >= 2 mu g/dL. GM umbilical CBL levels were higher in neonates born to women living near a potential Pb-contaminated area (2.2 vs. 1.1 mu g/dL) and those with friends, family or household members exposed to lead products (1.6 vs. 1.1 mu g/dL). Some evidence of an exposure-response relationship was also detected between all four metal concentrations and an increasing number of maternal lead exposures. After adjustment for confounding, proximity to a Pb-contaminated area was the strongest environmental determinant of CBL levels among neonates with CBL concentrations of >= 2 mu g/dL (odds ratio = 5.1; 95% Cl = 1.6, 16.7). Conclusions: Metal concentrations were elevated in this population, and CBL levels were associated with proximity to Pb-contaminated areas. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jones, Elizabeth A.] Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Wright, J. Michael; Rice, Glenn] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Buckley, Brian T.] Rutgers State Univ, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Magsumbol, Melina S.; Williams, Bryan L.] Georgia State Univ, Coll Educ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Wright, JM (reprint author), 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS A110, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Wright.Michael@epa.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Magsumbol, Melina/0000-0002-4904-6427 FU Urban Child Institute (Memphis, TN) FX A grant was awarded by The Urban Child Institute (Memphis, TN) to help defer some of the sample collection costs. NR 40 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 36 IS 7 BP 649 EP 654 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2010.04.007 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 638II UT WOS:000280886700001 PM 20553999 ER PT J AU Wassom, JS Malling, HV Sankaranarayanan, K Lu, PY AF Wassom, John S. Malling, Heinrich V. Sankaranarayanan, K. Lu, Po-Yung TI Reflections on the Origins and Evolution of Genetic Toxicology and the Environmental Mutagen Society SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE mutation research; history of genetic toxicology; chemical mutagenesis; Environmental Mutagen Society ID CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; COMPUTATIONAL PREDICTION; TESTING REQUIREMENTS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; IONIZING-RADIATION; RODENT CARCINOGENS; MUTATION-RESEARCH; GENOTOXICITY; TOXICITY AB This article traces the development of the field of mutagenesis and its metamorphosis into the research area we now call genetic toxicology. In 1969, this transitional event led to the founding of the Environmental Mutagen Society (EMS). The charter of this new Society was to "encourage interest in and study of mutagens in the human environment, particularly as these may be of concern to public health." As the mutagenesis field unfolded and expanded, new wording appeared to better describe this evolving area of research. The term "genetic toxicology" was coined and became an important subspecialty of the broad area of toxicology. Genetic toxicology is now set for a thorough reappraisal of its methods, goals, and priorities to meet the challenges of the 21st Century. To better understand these challenges, we have revisited the primary goal that the EMS founders had in mind for the Society's main mission and objective, namely, the quantitative assessment of genetic (hereditary) risks to human populations exposed to environmental agents. We also have reflected upon some of the seminal events over the last 40 years that have influenced the advancement of the genetic toxicology discipline and the extent to which the Society's major goal and allied objectives have been achieved. Additionally, we have provided suggestions on how EMS can further advance the science of genetic toxicology in the postgenome era. Any oversight or failure to make proper acknowledgment of individuals, events, or the citation of relevant references in this article is unintentional. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 51:746760, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 [Wassom, John S.; Lu, Po-Yung] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Malling, Heinrich V.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Sankaranarayanan, K.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Toxicogenet, Leiden, Netherlands. RP Lu, PY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1060 Commerce Pk Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM lupy@ornl.gov FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-ACO5-000R22725] FX This work was supported in part by the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences intramural research program.; This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-ACO5-000R22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 99 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 51 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 746 EP 760 DI 10.1002/em.20589 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 666GI UT WOS:000283102100003 PM 20839221 ER PT J AU Plewa, MJ Simmons, JE Richardson, SD Wagner, ED AF Plewa, Michael J. Simmons, Jane Ellen Richardson, Susan D. Wagner, Elizabeth D. TI Mammalian Cell Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of the Haloacetic Acids, A Major Class of Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Comet assay; genotoxicity; DBPs; drinking water ID HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP; WHOLE-EMBRYO CULTURE; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; MIXTURES RESEARCH; INDUCED MUTATIONS; COMET ASSAY; IN-VITRO; MOUSE; MUTAGENICITY AB The haloacetic acids (HAAs) are disinfection by-products (DBPs) that are formed during the disinfection of drinking water, wastewaters and recreational pool waters. Currently, five HAAs [bromoacetic acid (BAA), dibromoacetic acid (DBAA), chloroacetic acid (CAA), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA); designated as HAA5] are regulated by the U.S. EPA, at a maximum contaminant level of 60 mu g/L for the sum of BAA, DBAA, CAA, DCAA, and TCAA. We present a comparative systematic analysis of chronic cytotoxicity and acute genomic DNA damaging capacity of 12 individual HAAs in mammalian cells. In addition to the HAA5, we analyzed iodoacetic acid (IAA), diiodoacetic acid (DiAA), bromoiodoacetic acid (BIAA), tribromoacetic acid (TBAA), chlorodibromoacetic acid (CDBAA), bromodichloroacetic acid (BDCAA), and bromochloroacetic acid (BCAA). Their rank order of chronic cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells was IAA > BAA > TBAA > CDBAA > DIAA > DBAA > BDCAA > BCAA > CAA > BIAA > TCAA > DCAA. The rank order for genotoxicity was IAA > BAA > CAA > DBAA > DIAA > TBAA > BCAA > BIAA > CDBAA. DCAA, TCAA, and BDCAA were not genotoxic. The trend for both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity is iodinated HAAs > brominated HAAs > chlorinated HAAs. The use of alternative disinfectants other than chlorine generates new DBPs and alters their distribution. Systematic, comparative, in vitro toxicological data provides the water supply community with information to consider when employing alternatives to chlorine disinfection. In addition, these data aid in prioritizing DBPs and their related compounds for future in vivo toxicological studies and risk assessment. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 51:871-878, 2010. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Plewa, Michael J.; Wagner, Elizabeth D.] Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Plewa, Michael J.] Univ Illinois, Ctr Adv Mat Purificat Water Syst, Urbana, IL USA. [Simmons, Jane Ellen] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Plewa, MJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Dept Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mplewa@illinois.edu FU U.S. EPA [QT-RT-05-00165]; U.S.D.A. [ILLU-802-345]; Water Research Foundation [3089]; Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, a National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center [CTS-0120978] FX Grant sponsor: U.S. EPA; Grant number: QT-RT-05-00165; Grant sponsor: U.S.D.A.; Grant number: ILLU-802-345; Grant sponsor: Water Research Foundation; Grant number: 3089; Grant sponsor: Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, a National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center; Grant number: CTS-0120978. NR 52 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 9 U2 71 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 51 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 871 EP 878 DI 10.1002/em.20585 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 666GI UT WOS:000283102100014 PM 20839218 ER PT J AU Crump, KS Chen, C Louis, TA AF Crump, Kenny S. Chen, Chao Louis, Thomas A. TI The Future Use of in Vitro Data in Risk Assessment to Set Human Exposure Standards: Challenging Problems and Familiar Solutions SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE 21st-century toxicology vision; biologically based dose-response models; in vitro data; point of departure; risk assessment; toxicity pathway models ID VISION AB BACKGROUND: The vision of a National Research Council (NRC) committee ( the Committee on Toxicity Testing and Assessment of Environmental Agents) for future toxicity testing involves the testing of human cells in in vitro assays for "toxicity pathways"-normal signaling pathways that when perturbed can lead to adverse effects. Risk assessments would eventually be conducted using mathematical models of toxicity pathways (TP models) to estimate exposures that will not cause biologically significant perturbations in these pathways. OBJECTIVES: In this commentary we present our vision of how risk assessment to support exposure standards will be developed once a suitable suite of in vitro assays becomes available. DISCUSSION: Issues to be faced basing risk assessments on in vitro data are more complex than, but conceptually similar to, those faced currently when applying in vivo data. Absent some unforeseen technical breakthrough, in vitro data will be used in ways similar to current practices that involve applying uncertainty or safety factors to no observed adverse effect levels or benchmark doses. TP models are unlikely to contribute quantitatively to risk assessments for several reasons, including that the statistical variability inherent in such complex models severely limits their usefulness in estimating small changes in response, and that such models will likely continue to involve empirical modeling of dose responses. CONCLUSION: The vision of the committee predicts that chemicals will be tested more quickly and cheaply and that animal testing will be reduced or eliminated. Progress toward achieving these goals will be expedited if the issues raised herein are given careful consideration. C1 [Crump, Kenny S.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. [Chen, Chao] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Louis, Thomas A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Crump, KS (reprint author), POB 10348, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. EM KennyCrump@email.com FU National Center for Environmental Assessment; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX The work performed by K.S.C. was supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program of the National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 118 IS 10 BP 1350 EP 1354 DI 10.1289/ehp.1001931 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 656YL UT WOS:000282376900023 PM 20562051 ER PT J AU Ward, EM Schulte, PA Straif, K Hopf, NB Caldwell, JC Carreon, T DeMarini, DM Fowler, BA Goldstein, BD Hemminki, K Hines, CJ Pursiainen, KH Kuempel, E Lewtas, J Lunn, RM Lynge, E McElvenny, DM Muhle, H Nakajima, T Robertson, LW Rothman, N Ruder, AM Schubauer-Berigan, MK Siemiatycki, J Silverman, D Smith, MT Sorahan, T Steenland, K Stevens, RG Vineis, P Zahm, SH Zeise, L Cogliano, VJ AF Ward, Elizabeth M. Schulte, Paul A. Straif, Kurt Hopf, Nancy B. Caldwell, Jane C. Carreon, Tania DeMarini, David M. Fowler, Bruce A. Goldstein, Bernard D. Hemminki, Kari Hines, Cynthia J. Pursiainen, Kirsti Husgafvel Kuempel, Eileen Lewtas, Joellen Lunn, Ruth M. Lynge, Elsebeth McElvenny, Damien M. Muhle, Hartwig Nakajima, Tamie Robertson, Larry W. Rothman, Nathaniel Ruder, Avima M. Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K. Siemiatycki, Jack Silverman, Debra Smith, Martyn T. Sorahan, Tom Steenland, Kyle Stevens, Richard G. Vineis, Paolo Zahm, Shelia Hoar Zeise, Lauren Cogliano, Vincent J. TI Research Recommendations for Selected IARC-Classified Agents SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE animal; carcinogen; carcinogenesis; epidemiology; human; IARC; mechanisms of carcinogenicity; occupational ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; REFRACTORY CERAMIC FIBER; PARTICLE SURFACE-AREA; NESTED CASE-CONTROL; LUNG-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RISK-ASSESSMENT AB OBJECTIVES: There are some common occupational agents and exposure circumstances for which evidence of carcinogenicity is substantial but not yet conclusive for humans. Our objectives were to identify research gaps and needs for 20 agents prioritized for review based on evidence of widespread human exposures and potential carcinogenicity in animals or humans. DATA SOURCES: For each chemical agent (or category of agents), a systematic review was conducted of new data published since the most recent pertinent International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monograph meeting on that agent. DATA EXTRACTION: Reviewers were charged with identifying data gaps and general and specific approaches to address them, focusing on research that would be important in resolving classification uncertainties. An expert meeting brought reviewers together to discuss each agent and the identified data gaps and approaches. DATA SYNTHESIS: Several overarching issues were identified that pertained to multiple agents; these included the importance of recognizing that carcinogenic agents can act through multiple toxicity pathways and mechanisms, including epigenetic mechanisms, oxidative stress, and immuno- and hormonal modulation. CONCLUSIONS: Studies in occupational populations provide important opportunities to understand the mechanisms through which exogenous agents cause cancer and intervene to prevent human exposure and/or prevent or detect cancer among those already exposed. Scientific developments are likely to increase the challenges and complexities of carcinogen testing and evaluation in the future, and epidemiologic studies will be particularly critical to inform carcinogen classification and risk assessment processes. C1 [Ward, Elizabeth M.] Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Schulte, Paul A.; Carreon, Tania; Hines, Cynthia J.; Kuempel, Eileen; Ruder, Avima M.; Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Straif, Kurt; Cogliano, Vincent J.] Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. [Hopf, Nancy B.] Inst Univ Romand Sante Travail, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Caldwell, Jane C.; DeMarini, David M.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Fowler, Bruce A.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Chamblee, GA USA. [Goldstein, Bernard D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Hemminki, Kari] German Canc Res Ctr, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. [Pursiainen, Kirsti Husgafvel] Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland. [Lewtas, Joellen] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lunn, Ruth M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Lynge, Elsebeth] Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. [McElvenny, Damien M.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Lancaster, Lancs, England. [Muhle, Hartwig] Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med, Hannover, Germany. [Nakajima, Tamie] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Robertson, Larry W.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Rothman, Nathaniel; Silverman, Debra; Zahm, Shelia Hoar] NCI, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Siemiatycki, Jack] Univ Montreal Hosp Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Smith, Martyn T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sorahan, Tom] Univ Birmingham, Inst Occupat & Environm Med, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Steenland, Kyle] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Stevens, Richard G.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT USA. [Vineis, Paolo] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Zeise, Lauren] Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Oakland, CA USA. RP Ward, EM (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, 250 Williams St, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM elizabeth.ward@cancer.org RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012; Zahm, Shelia/B-5025-2015; OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X; Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664; Lynge, Elsebeth/0000-0003-4785-5236 FU American Cancer Society; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; International Agency for Research on Cancer; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [National Institutes of Health (NIH)]; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NIH) FX This research was supported by the American Cancer Society, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the Monographs Program of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [National Institutes of Health (NIH)], and the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NIH). NR 112 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 15 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 118 IS 10 BP 1355 EP 1362 DI 10.1289/ehp.0901828 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 656YL UT WOS:000282376900024 PM 20562050 ER PT J AU Howard, TD Hsu, FC Grzywacz, JG Chen, HY Quandt, SA Vallejos, QM Whalley, LE Cui, W Padilla, S Arcury, TA AF Howard, Timothy D. Hsu, Fang-Chi Grzywacz, Joseph G. Chen, Haiying Quandt, Sara A. Vallejos, Quirina M. Whalley, Lara E. Cui, Wei Padilla, Stephanie Arcury, Thomas A. TI Evaluation of Candidate Genes for Cholinesterase Activity in Farmworkers Exposed to Organophosphorus Pesticides: Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in BCHE SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE BCHE; butyrylcholinesterase; cholinesterase; farmworkers; genetics; organophosphate pesticides; SNPs ID EASTERN NORTH-CAROLINA; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; LATINO FARMWORKERS; PON1 STATUS; SENSITIVITY; CHILDREN; PROJECT; MOTHERS AB BACKGROUND: Organophosphate pesticides act as cholinesterase inhibitors. For those with agricultural exposure to these chemicals, risk of potential exposure-related health effects may be modified by genetic variability in cholinesterase metabolism. Cholinesterase activity is a useful, indirect measurement of pesticide exposure, especially in high-risk individuals such as farmworkers. To understand fully the links between pesticide exposure and potential human disease, analyses must be able to consider genetic variability in pesticide metabolism. OBJECTIVES: We studied participants in the Community Participatory Approach to Measuring Farmworker Pesticide Exposure (PACE3) study to determine whether cholinesterase levels are associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in pesticide metabolism. METHODS: Cholinesterase levels were measured from blood samples taken from 287 PACE3 participants at up to four time points during the 2007 growing season. We performed association tests of cholinesterase levels and 256 SNPs in 30 candidate genes potentially involved in pesticide metabolism. A false discovery rate (FDR) p-value was used to account for multiple testing. RESULTS: Thirty-five SNPs were associated (unadjusted p < 0.05) based on at least one of the genetic models tested (general, additive, dominant, and recessive). The strongest evidence of association with cholinesterase levels was observed with two SNPs, rs2668207 and rs2048493, in the butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE) gene (FDR adjusted p = 0.15 for both; unadjusted p = 0.00098 and 0.00068, respectively). In participants with at least one minor allele, cholinesterase levels were lower by 4.3-9.5% at all time points, consistent with an effect that is independent of pesticide exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Common genetic variation in the BCHE gene may contribute to subtle changes in cholinesterase levels. C1 [Howard, Timothy D.; Cui, Wei] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Ctr Genom & Personalized Med Res, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Hsu, Fang-Chi; Chen, Haiying] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Biostat Sci, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Grzywacz, Joseph G.; Vallejos, Quirina M.; Whalley, Lara E.; Arcury, Thomas A.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Quandt, Sara A.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Padilla, Stephanie] US EPA, Genet & Cellular Toxicol Branch, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Howard, TD (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Ctr Human Genom, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM tdhoward@wfubmc.edu OI Grzywacz, Joseph/0000-0002-2308-7781 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01 ES008739, R03 ES015803] FX This work was supported by grants R01 ES008739 and R03 ES015803 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The manuscript was reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 118 IS 10 BP 1395 EP 1399 DI 10.1289/ehp.0901764 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 656YL UT WOS:000282376900030 PM 20529763 ER PT J AU Wang, SX Song, JX Li, GH Wu, Y Zhang, L Wan, Q Streets, DG Chin, CK Hao, JM AF Wang, S. X. Song, J. X. Li, G. H. Wu, Y. Zhang, L. Wan, Q. Streets, D. G. Chin, Conrad K. Hao, J. M. TI Estimating mercury emissions from a zinc smelter in relation to China's mercury control policies SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Hydrometallurgical zinc smelting; Hg removal efficiency; Speciation; Emission factor; Control policy ID GLOBAL EMISSION; CONTAMINATION; ATMOSPHERE; GUIZHOU; COUNTY AB Mercury concentrations of flue gas at inlet/outlet of the flue gas cleaning, electrostatic demister, reclaiming tower, acid plant, and mercury contents in zinc concentrate and by-products were measured in a hydrometallurgical zinc smelter. The removal efficiency of flue gas cleaning, electrostatic demister, mercury reclaiming and acid plant was about 17.4%, 30.3%, 87.9% and 97.4% respectively. Flue gas cleaning and electrostatic demister captured 11.7% and 25.3% of the mercury in the zinc concentrate, respectively. The mercury reclaiming tower captured 58.3% of the mercury in the zinc concentrate. About 4.2% of the mercury in the zinc concentrate was captured by the acid plant. Consequently, only 0.8% of the mercury in the zinc concentrate was emitted to the atmosphere. The atmospheric mercury emission factor was 0.5 g t(-1) of zinc produced for the tested smelter, indicating that this process offers the potential to effectively reduce mercury emissions from zinc smelting. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, S. X.; Song, J. X.; Li, G. H.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, L.; Wan, Q.; Hao, J. M.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wang, S. X.; Song, J. X.; Li, G. H.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, L.; Wan, Q.; Hao, J. M.] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chin, Conrad K.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hao, JM (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM hjm-den@tsinghua.edu.cn RI wang, shuxiao/H-5990-2011; Zhang, Lei/I-4383-2016; Wu, Ye/O-9779-2015; OI wang, shuxiao/0000-0001-9727-1963; Zhang, Lei/0000-0003-2796-6043; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU U.S. EPA; Natural Science Foundation of China [20937002]; MEP's Special Funds for Research on Public Welfares [200909024] FX This work was sponsored by U.S. EPA, MEP's Special Funds for Research on Public Welfares (200909024), and the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20937002). We would like to express our thanks to the management group and workers of the smelter for their support. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 158 IS 10 BP 3347 EP 3353 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.07.032 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 655OV UT WOS:000282260200046 PM 20716469 ER PT J AU McKelvey, W Chang, M Arnason, J Jeffery, N Kricheff, J Kass, D AF McKelvey, Wendy Chang, Moses Arnason, John Jeffery, Nancy Kricheff, Judith Kass, Daniel TI Mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls in Asian market fish: A response to results from mercury biomonitoring in New York City SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Polychlorinated biphenyls; PCB; Fish; Seafood; Asian; Chinese ID NEW-JERSEY; WILD SALMON; GLOBAL ASSESSMENT; FARMED SALMON; PCB EXPOSURE; METHYLMERCURY; CONSUMPTION; CONTAMINANTS; SUPERMARKETS; PCDD/PCDFS AB In 2004, the New York City (NYC) Health and Nutrition Examination Survey measured the highest blood mercury levels in Asian and foreign-born Chinese demographic groups. Fish consumption was the strongest predictor of exposure. The survey did not inquire about consumption of individual species, and subsequent visits to fish markets serving the Asian community suggested that many popular species lack contaminant data. Our objective was to supplement existing information on contaminants in commercial fish by collecting data on species present in markets serving the Asian community. We measured total mercury and the sum of 101 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in 282 individual specimens of 19 species or products from retail fish markets in Chinese neighborhoods in NYC. Species were selected based on their volume in the market, and an absence or insufficiency of national data on mercury levels. PCBs were measured because they are also contaminants of concern. All measurements were made on a wet weight basis on whole fillets (with skin) or products (drained of liquid). Mean mercury levels ranged from below the limit of detection (0.004 mu g/g) in tilapia to 0.229 mu g/g in tilefish. The highest mercury level (1.150 mu g/g) was measured in a tilefish specimen, and mercury levels in tilefish increased with the specimen size. Mean PCB levels ranged from 1 ng/g in red snapper to 98 ng/g in buffalo carp. The highest PCB levels were measured in a buffalo carp (469 ng/g) and a yellow croaker (495 ng/g). Species-specific differences in PCB levels accounted for only 6.3% of total variability, in contrast with 39.2% for mercury. Although we did not measure high mean mercury levels in the species we sampled, frequent consumption of fish with low to moderate levels can also elevate blood mercury. The data we collected can be used to guide fish consumption in Asian communities. However, risk-benefit trade-offs also need to be considered. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [McKelvey, Wendy; Jeffery, Nancy; Kass, Daniel] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Environm Hlth, Bur Environm Surveillance & Policy, New York, NY 10007 USA. [Chang, Moses] US EPA, New York, NY USA. [Arnason, John; Kricheff, Judith] SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP McKelvey, W (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Environm Hlth, Bur Environm Surveillance & Policy, 22 Cortlandt St,12th Floor,CN-34E, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM wmckelve@health.nyc.gov FU NYC Health Department FX We thank John Waldman, Professor of Biology at Queens College, New York City, for providing expertise in the scientific identification of species; the Institute for Health and the Environment, State University at Albany. NY, for processing specimens and conducting the PCB analyses; Jack Caravanos and Andrew Burgie at Hunter College for managing data collection; Mark Maddaloni and Maureen O'Neill, US EPA Region 2, for assisting in start-up; and Andrew S. Rein, Jessica Leighton and Thomas R. Frieden from the NYC Health Department for mobilizing organizational support for the study. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 110 IS 7 BP 650 EP 657 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2010.07.002 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 652HV UT WOS:000281995400002 PM 20691969 ER PT J AU Browne, E Kelley, M Zhou, GD He, LY McDonald, T Wang, S Duncan, B Meador, JP Donnelly, K Gallagher, E AF Browne, Eva Kelley, Matthew Zhou, Guo-Dong He, Ling Yu McDonald, Thomas Wang, Shirley Duncan, Bruce Meador, James P. Donnelly, Kirby Gallagher, Evan TI In situ biomonitoring of juvenile Chinook salmon (Onchorhynchus tshawytscha) using biomarkers of chemical exposures and effects in a partially remediated urbanized waterway of the Puget Sound, WA SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biomarkers; Chinook salmon; Quantitative RT-PCR; Sediment pollutants; (32)P-postlabeling ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GLUTAMATE-CYSTEINE LIGASE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; HEPATIC-LESIONS; DNA-ADDUCTS; INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; WASHINGTON AB In situ biomonitoring has been used to assess the effects of pollution on aquatic species in heavily polluted waterways. In the current study, we used in situ biomonitoring in conjunction with molecular biomarker analysis to determine the effects of pollutant exposure in salmon caged in the Duwamish waterway, a Pacific Northwest Superfund site that has been subject to remediation. The Duwamish waterway is an important migratory route for Pacific salmon and has received historic inputs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). juvenile pre-smolt Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) caged for 8 days in the three contaminated sites in close proximity within the Duwamish were analyzed for steady state hepatic mRNA expression of 7 exposure biomarker genes encompassing several gene families and known to be responsive to pollutants, including cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) and CYP2K1, glutathione S-transferase pi class (GST-pi), microsomal GST (mGST), glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), UDP-glucuronyltransferase family 1 (UDPGT), and type 2 deiodinase (type 2 D1, or D2). Quantitation of gene expression was accomplished by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in assays developed specifically for Chinook salmon genes. Gill PAH-DNA adducts were assessed as a chemical effects biomarker using (32)P-postlabeling. The biomarkers in the field-caged fish were analyzed with respect to caged animals maintained at the hatchery receiving flow-through water. Chemical analysis of sediment samples from three field sampling sites revealed relatively high concentrations of total PAHs in one site (site B2, 6711 ng/g dry weight) and somewhat lower concentrations of PAHs in two adjacent sites (sites B3 and B4, 1482 and 1987 ng/g, respectively). In contrast, waterborne PAHs at all of the sampling sites were relatively low ( < 1 ng/L). Sediment PCBs at the sites ranged from a low of 421 ng/g at site B3 to 1160 ng/g at site B4, and there were no detectable waterborne PCBs at any of the sites (detection limit= 10 ng/L). There were no significant differences (p < 0.05) in biomarker gene expression in the Duwamish-caged fish relative to controls, although there was a pattern of gene expression suppression at site B3, the most heavily PAH-enriched site. The lack of a marked perturbation of mRNA biomarkers was consistent with relatively low levels of gill PAH-DNA adduct levels that did not differ among caged reference and field fish, and which were also consistent with relatively low waterborne concentrations of chemicals. The results of our study suggest a low bioavailability of sediment pollutants in caged juvenile Chinook potentially reflecting low waterborne exposures occurring at contaminated sites within the Duwamish waterway that have undergone partial remediation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Browne, Eva; Gallagher, Evan] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Kelley, Matthew; Zhou, Guo-Dong; He, Ling Yu; McDonald, Thomas; Wang, Shirley; Donnelly, Kirby] Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Duncan, Bruce] US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Meador, James P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ecotoxicol Div, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Gallagher, E (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE,Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM evang3@u.washington.edu FU NIEHS; University of Washington; Texas AM University [P42 ES004696, P42 ES04917]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oceans and Human Health Program [NA05NS4781253]; USEPA [10] FX We will miss the friendship, collegiality, and conversations with our good friend, Dr. K.C. Donnelly, who passed away in July 2009. This work is a collaboration among two NIEHS Superfund Research Program (SRP) program project awards to the University of Washington and Texas A&M University. Accordingly, this work was funded in part by P42 ES004696 and P42 ES04917. Additional funding for the study was provided in part from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oceans and Human Health Program (NA05NS4781253), and the Region 10 office of the USEPA (USEPA Region 10). The technical comments of Dr. Karen Peck at NOAA fisheries are appreciated. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 110 IS 7 BP 675 EP 683 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2010.06.007 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 652HV UT WOS:000281995400005 PM 20619832 ER PT J AU Anastas, PT AF Anastas, Paul T. TI The Essential Bill Glaze SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Anastas, PT (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013 OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 19 SI SI BP 7181 EP 7183 DI 10.1021/es102815y PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654ZI UT WOS:000282209700005 PM 20873874 ER PT J AU Pressman, JG Richardson, SD Speth, TF Miltner, RJ Narotsky, MG Hunter, ES Rice, GE Teuschler, LK McDonald, A Parvez, S Krasner, SW Weinberg, HS McKague, AB Parrett, CJ Bodin, N Chinn, R Lee, CFT Simmons, JE AF Pressman, Jonathan G. Richardson, Susan D. Speth, Thomas F. Miltner, Richard J. Narotsky, Michael G. Hunter, E. Sidney, III Rice, Glenn E. Teuschler, Linda K. McDonald, Anthony Parvez, Shahid Krasner, Stuart W. Weinberg, Howard S. McKague, A. Bruce Parrett, Christopher J. Bodin, Nathalie Chinn, Russell Lee, Chih-Fen T. Simmons, Jane Ellen TI Concentration, Chlorination, and Chemical Analysis of Drinking Water for Disinfection Byproduct Mixtures Health Effects Research: US EPA's Four Lab Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; REVERSE-OSMOSIS; DECOMPOSITION; TOXICITY; OZONATION/POSTCHLORINATION; GENOTOXICITY; SYSTEM AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's "Four Lab Study" involved participation of researchers from four national Laboratories and Centers of the Office of Research and Development along with collaborators from the water industry and academia. The study evaluated toxicological effects of complex disinfection byproduct (DBP) mixtures, with an emphasis on reproductive and developmental effects that have been associated with DBP exposures in some human epidemiologic studies. This paper describes a new procedure for producing chlorinated drinking water concentrate for animal toxicology experiments, comprehensive identification of >100 DBPs, and quantification of 75 priority and regulated DBPs. In the research reported herein, complex mixtures of DBPs were produced by concentrating a natural source water with reverse osmosis membranes, followed by addition of bromide and treatment with chlorine. By concentrating natural organic matter in the source water first and disinfecting with chlorine afterward, DBPs (including volatiles and semivolatiles) were formed and maintained in a water matrix suitable for animal studies. DBP levels in the chlorinated concentrate compared well to those from EPA's Information Collection Rule (ICR) and a nationwide study of priority unregulated DBPs when normalized by total organic carbon (TOC). DBPs were relatively stable over the course of the animal studies (125 days) with multiple chlorination events (every 5-14 days), and a significant portion of total organic halogen was accounted for through a comprehensive identification approach. DBPs quantified included regulated DBPs, priority unregulated DBPs, and additional DBPs targeted by the ICR. Many DBPs are reported for the first time, including previously undetected and unreported haloacids and haloamides. The new concentration procedure not only produced a concentrated drinking water suitable for animal experiments, but also provided a greater TOC concentration factor (136x), enhancing the detection of trace DBPs that are often below detection using conventional approaches. C1 [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Pressman, Jonathan G.; Speth, Thomas F.; Miltner, Richard J.; Parrett, Christopher J.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Narotsky, Michael G.; Hunter, E. Sidney, III; McDonald, Anthony; Simmons, Jane Ellen] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rice, Glenn E.; Teuschler, Linda K.; Parvez, Shahid] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Krasner, Stuart W.; Chinn, Russell; Lee, Chih-Fen T.] Metropolitan Water Dist So Calif, La Verne, CA 91750 USA. [Weinberg, Howard S.; Bodin, Nathalie] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [McKague, A. Bruce] CanSyn Chem Corp, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. RP Richardson, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM richardson.susan@epa.gov RI Parvez, Shahid/J-3390-2013; Bodin, Nathalie/D-2184-2009 FU U.S. EPA FX We thank Patrick Clark, Paul Rossman, April Sandoval, Darryl Frazier, Talitha Peay, Deborah Best, Keith Kelly, Brittany Almassalkhi, Stephanie Brown, David Griffith, Karen Kleier, Cliff Johnson, Laura Boczek, Jeff Collins, Gene Crumley, Tameka Lewis, Hannah Fink, and Janessa Hartmann for experimental assistance. We also thank Carla McCord of EE&T, Inc. and Ed McNeil from Maxxam Analytics, Inc. for chemical analyses. Finally, we thank the drinking water utility for use of their facilities and acknowledge their request to remain anonymous. The U.S. EPA funded and managed the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement. NR 35 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 8 U2 93 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 19 SI SI BP 7184 EP 7192 DI 10.1021/es9039314 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654ZI UT WOS:000282209700006 PM 20496936 ER PT J AU Antoniou, MG de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD AF Antoniou, Maria G. de la Cruz, Armah A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Intermediates and Reaction Pathways from the Degradation of Microcystin-LR with Sulfate Radicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; RATE CONSTANTS; CYANOBACTERIAL TOXIN; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; TIO2; OXIDATION AB Degradation of the cyanotoxin microcystin-LR (m/z 995.5) using sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) and identification of reaction intermediates formed during treatment were investigated in this study. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study on the degradation and identification of reaction intermediates for any cyanotoxin with SO(4)(center dot-). Tandem mass spectrometry designated the formation of nine (as m/z) reaction intermediates with four of them (m/z 1011.5, 1027.5, 1029.5, and 1045.5) having multiple peaks in the TIC chromatogram. New peaks that were not observed with hydroxyl radical formed during photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) have been detected such as m/z 1045.5. The initially formed intermediates involved the oxidation of the unsaturated bonds of MC-LR especially the diene bonds located on the chain of the Adda amino acid. Subsequent intermediates implicated the oxidative cleavage of small functional groups (i.e., -COOH), up to the complete removal of the Adda chain. The electrophilic character of SO(4)(center dot-) is proven by the multihydroxylation of the aromatic ring. Toward the end of treatment, simultaneous oxidation of the Adda chain and the cyclic structure occurred without the formation of linear products. C1 [Antoniou, Maria G.; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Antoniou, Maria G.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Environm Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Antoniou, MG (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 765 Baldwin Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM maraa@env.dtu.dk; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu OI Antoniou, Maria G./0000-0003-0738-6068 FU National Science Foundation [BES-0448117]; U.S. EPA [RD-83322301]; Center of Sustainable Urban Engineering (SUE) at the University of Cincinnati; Sigma Xi; UC; University Research Council of UC FX This research was funded in part by the National Science Foundation through a CAREER Award (BES-0448117) to D.D.D., the U.S. EPA (RD-83322301) and the Center of Sustainable Urban Engineering (SUE) at the University of Cincinnati (VC). MGA is grateful to Sigma Xi, The Scientific Society for a Grant-in-Aid of Research Fellowship, the Rindsberg Memorial Fund of UC and the University Research Council of UC for a Graduate School Distinguished Dissertation Completion Fellowship. We are thankful to Dr. Larry Sallans, Director of Mass Spectrometry Services (UC) for his assistant with the LTQ-FT-ICR-MS. MGA is also grateful to Dr. Shirish Agarwal (UC) for insightful input. Disclaimer: Although this work was reviewed by U.S. EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 51 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 12 U2 93 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 19 SI SI BP 7238 EP 7244 DI 10.1021/es1000243 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654ZI UT WOS:000282209700014 PM 20415413 ER PT J AU Thorneloe, SA Kosson, DS Sanchez, F Garrabrants, AC Helms, G AF Thorneloe, Susan A. Kosson, David S. Sanchez, Florence Garrabrants, Andrew C. Helms, Gregory TI Evaluating the Fate of Metals in Air Pollution Control Residues from Coal-Fired Power Plants SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Changes in emissions control at U.S. coal-fired power plants will shift metals content from the flue gas to the air pollution control (APC) residues. To determine the potential fate of metals that are captured through use of enhanced APC practices, the leaching behavior of 73 APC residues was characterized following the approach of the Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework. Materials were tested over pH conditions and liquid solid ratios expected during management via land disposal or beneficial use. Leachate concentrations for most metals were highly variable over a range of coal rank, facility configurations, and APC residue types. Liquid solid partitioning (equilibrium) as a function of pH showed significantly different leaching behavior for similar residue types and facility configurations. Within a facility, the leaching behavior of blended residues was shown to follow one of four characteristic patterns. Variability in metals leaching was greater than the variability in totals concentrations by several orders of magnitude, inferring that total content is not predictive of leaching behavior. The complex leaching behavior and lack of correlation to total contents indicates that release evaluation under likely field conditions is a better descriptor of environmental performance than totals content or linear partitioning approaches. C1 [Thorneloe, Susan A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kosson, David S.; Sanchez, Florence; Garrabrants, Andrew C.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Helms, Gregory] US EPA, Off Resource Conservat & Recovery, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Thorneloe, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Thorneloe.Susan@epa.gov RI Garrabrants, Andrew/H-5238-2013 FU ARCADIS-US FX The LEAF results presented in this paper are based on collaborative research of Vanderbilt University, the Energy Research Center of The Netherlands, U.S. EPA's Office of Research and Development and Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery, with additional support provided by ARCADIS-US. We thank Dr. H. van der Sloot and O. Hjelmar who have been instrumental in the development the LEAF approach, P. Kariher, R. Delapp, L.H. Turner, and P. Seignette for analytical and data management support, and M. Baldwin for significant contributions to the program. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 19 SI SI BP 7351 EP 7356 DI 10.1021/es1016558 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654ZI UT WOS:000282209700030 PM 20806888 ER PT J AU Wood, JP Choi, YW Chappie, DJ Rogers, JV Kaye, JZ AF Wood, Joseph P. Choi, Young W. Chappie, Daniel J. Rogers, James V. Kaye, Jonathan Z. TI Environmental Persistence of a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) Virus SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; SURVIVAL; SURFACES; SPREAD AB Human cases of disease caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5N1 subtype are rare, yet characterized with a mortality rate of approximately 60%. Tests were conducted to determine the environmental persistence of an HPAI (H5N1) virus on four materials (glass, wood, galvanized metal, and topsoil) that could act as fomites or harbor the virus. Test coupons were inoculated with the virus and exposed to one of five environmental conditions that included changes in temperature, relative humidity, and simulated sunlight. At time periods up to 13 days, the virus was extracted from each coupon, and quantified via cytopathic effects on Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The virus was most persistent under the low temperature condition, with less than 1 log reduction on glass and steel after 13 days at low relative humidity. Thus, at these conditions, the virus would be expected to persist appreciably beyond 13 days. C1 [Wood, Joseph P.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Choi, Young W.; Chappie, Daniel J.; Rogers, James V.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Kaye, Jonathan Z.] Gordon & Betty Moore Fdn, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Wood, JP (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MC E343-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wood.joe@epa.gov OI Wood, Joseph/0000-0001-6316-9418 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [GS23F0011L-3] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated with Battelle Memorial Institute in the research described herein under contract GS23F0011L-3. This study has been subjected to an administrative review but does not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. EPA. No official endorsement should be inferred. The U.S. EPA does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 19 SI SI BP 7515 EP 7520 DI 10.1021/es1016153 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654ZI UT WOS:000282209700055 PM 20815380 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JJ Shuster, WD Rebholz, JA AF Beaulieu, J. J. Shuster, W. D. Rebholz, J. A. TI Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Large, Impounded River: The Ohio River SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; GLOBAL N2O BUDGET; FRESH-WATER; NITRIFYING BACTERIA; HEADWATER STREAMS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SEINE DOWNSTREAM; WASTE-WATER; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION AB Models suggest that microbial activity in streams and rivers is a globally significant source of anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas, and the leading cause of stratospheric ozone destruction. However, model estimates of N2O emissions are poorly constrained due to a lack of direct measurements of microbial N2O production and consequent emissions, particularly from large rivers. We report the first N2O budget for a large, nitrogen enriched river, based on direct measurements of N2O emissions from the water surface and N2O production in the sediments and water column. Maximum N2O emissions occurred downstream from Cincinnati, Ohio, a major urban center on the river, due to direct inputs of N2O from wastewater treatment plant effluent and higher rates of in situ production. Microbial activity in the water column and sediments was a source of N2O, and water column production rates were nearly double those of the sediments. Emissions exhibited strong seasonality with the highest rates observed during the summer and lowest during the winter. Our results indicate N2O dynamics in large temperate rivers may be characterized by strong seasonal cycles and production in the pelagic zone. C1 [Beaulieu, J. J.; Shuster, W. D.; Rebholz, J. A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Beaulieu, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM beaulieu.jake@epa.gov NR 45 TC 40 Z9 50 U1 6 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 19 SI SI BP 7527 EP 7533 DI 10.1021/es1016735 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654ZI UT WOS:000282209700057 PM 20804185 ER PT J AU Venosa, AD Campo, P Suidan, MT AF Venosa, Albert D. Campo, Pablo Suidan, Makram T. TI Biodegradability of Lingering Crude Oil 19 Years after the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SITE-SPECIFIC CONTAMINANTS; DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS; FUEL-OIL; ALASKA; BIOREMEDIATION; PETROLEUM; DEGRADATION; MINERALIZATION; HYDROCARBONS AB In 2001 and 2003, geospatial surveys of lingering oil were conducted in Prince William Sound (PWS) resulting in a prediction of significant acreage being contaminated with substantial subsurface oil from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS). In 2007, other researchers developed a mass weathering index (MWI) based on the degree of weathering of PAHs normalized to conserved biomarkers: if the degree of weathering of oil is 70% or more, further attempts at bioremediation would be unjustified. The objective of our study was to measure the biodegradability of the 19-year lingering oil in laboratory microcosms. Samples of beach substrate were collected from representative sites in PWS contaminated with oil residues of varying weathering states according to the MWI model. Enough sacrificial microcosms were set up to accommodate two treatments for each site (natural attenuation and biostimulation). Results indicated that lingering oil is biodegradable. Nutrient addition stimulated biodegradation compared to natural attenuation in all treatments regardless of the degree of weathering. The most weathered oil according to the MWI was the most biodegradable. Substantial biodegradation occurred in the natural attenuation microcosms due to the high sediment Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), which served as a nitrogen source for biodegradation. Most of the observed biodegradation was due to the presence of dissolved oxygen. Nitrogen was a limiting factor but oxygen was the predominant one. C1 [Venosa, Albert D.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Campo, Pablo; Suidan, Makram T.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Venosa, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM venosa.albert@epa.gov RI Campo, Pablo/K-7673-2015 OI Campo, Pablo/0000-0001-8569-9620 FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council FX Funding for this project was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. We thank Mr. Joseph Holmes of Research Planning, Inc. (RPI), who led the field crew in the collection of the samples from the three sites in Prince William Sound and shipped them to the laboratory in Cincinnati. Dr. Jacqueline Michel, President of RPI, helped develop the sampling plan. Mr. David Janka was the captain of charter vessel Auklet that was used by the field crew. We are grateful to Mr. Dan Radigan and Dr. Seungloon Chung (University of Cincinnati), who fabricated the microcosms and assisted in sampling and conducting the environmental analyses (TKNs and nutrients). We acknowledge Mr. Larry Wetzel of U.S. EPA-Cincinnati, who fabricated the infrastructure housing the microcosms and Ms. Edith Holder, who helped with the initial loading of the microcosms and the subsequent sacrificial sampling. We thank Dr. Dennis W. King of Statking Consulting, Inc., who conducted the statistical analyses. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 19 SI SI BP 7613 EP 7621 DI 10.1021/es101042h PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654ZI UT WOS:000282209700070 PM 20806905 ER PT J AU Papasavva, S Hill, WR Andersen, SO AF Papasavva, Stella Hill, William R. Andersen, Stephen O. TI GREEN-MAC-LCCP: A Tool for Assessing the Life Cycle Climate Performance of MAC Systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In 2008, 95% of the vehicle fleet in the developed countries and 80% of fleet in the developing countries were equipped with mobile air conditioning systems (MACs). Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are emitted due to refrigerant leakage (direct emissions) and due to the energy consumed by MACs operation (indirect emissions). In response to reducing the global warming impact of MACs, policy makers and the industry are investigating alternative refrigerant systems that use low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants. The GREEN-MAC-LCCP model assesses the direct and indirect CO2 equivalent emissions related to MACs usage, as well as those associated with the production, use and disposal of alternative refrigerants and MACs components. This model provides a platform for simple data input and provides an output summary as well as details that can be analyzed in a custom fashion by the user. It provides engineers and policy makers a state-of-the-art tool, based on sound engineering data and methods, in order to facilitate the process of evaluating alternate refrigerants with low lifecycle global warming impact as well as providing the total impact of any MACs on the environment It has been recognized as the standard of the MACs industry. C1 [Papasavva, Stella; Hill, William R.] Gen Motors, Gen Motors R&D, HVAC Prod Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Andersen, Stephen O.] Environm Protect Agcy, Barnard, VT 05031 USA. RP Papasavva, S (reprint author), Stella Papasavva Consulting, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA. EM greengem09@gmail.com NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 19 SI SI BP 7666 EP 7672 DI 10.1021/es100849g PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654ZI UT WOS:000282209700078 PM 20812721 ER PT J AU Raimondo, S Jackson, CR Barron, MG AF Raimondo, Sandy Jackson, Crystal R. Barron, Mace G. TI Influence of Taxonomic Relatedness and Chemical Mode of Action in Acute Interspecies Estimation Models for Aquatic Species SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE TOXICITY; SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS; RISK-ASSESSMENT AB Ecological risks to aquatic organisms are typically assessed using acute toxicity data for relatively few species and with limited understanding of relative species sensitivity. We developed a comprehensive set of interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) models based on acute toxicity data for aquatic organisms and evaluated three key sources of model uncertainty: taxonomic relatedness, chemical mode of action (MOA), and model parameters. Models are least-squares regressions of acute toxicity of surrogate and predicted species. A total of 780 models were derived from acute values for 77 species of aquatic organisms and over 550 chemicals. Cross-validation of models showed that accurate model prediction was greatest for models with surrogate and predicted taxa within the same family (91% of predictions within 5-fold of measured values). Recursive partitioning provided user guidance for selection of robust models using model mean square error and taxonomic relatedness. Models built with a single MOA were more robust than models built using toxicity values with multiple MOAs, and improve predictions among species pairs with large taxonomic distance (e.g., within phylum). These results indicate that between-species toxicity extrapolation can be improved using MOA-based models for less related taxa pairs and for those specific MOAs. C1 [Raimondo, Sandy; Jackson, Crystal R.; Barron, Mace G.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Raimondo, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM raimondo.sandy@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Chris Russom (U.S. EPA, Mid-Continent), Brian Montague (U.S. EPA, Office of Pesticide Programs), Chris Ingersoll and Ning Wang (U.S. Geological Survey), Kimberly Salinas, Marion Marchetto, Nathan Lemoine, Nicole Allard, and Cheryl McGill (U.S. EPA, Gulf Ecology Division) and Lyle Burgoon (U.S. EPA Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Core), and Dave Mount (U.S. EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division). The information in this document has been funded wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number 1391 from the Gulf Ecology Division. NR 36 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 19 SI SI BP 7711 EP 7716 DI 10.1021/es101630b PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654ZI UT WOS:000282209700085 PM 20795664 ER PT J AU French, JB Bennett, RS Rossmann, R AF French, John B., Jr. Bennett, Richard S. Rossmann, Ronald TI MERCURY IN THE BLOOD AND EGGS OF AMERICAN KESTRELS FED METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Blood; Eggs; Kestrel ID REPRODUCTION AB American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were fed diets containing methylmercury chloride (MeHg) at 0, 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9, or 5.0 mu g/g (dry wt) starting approximately eight weeks before the onset of egg laying. Dietary treatment was terminated after 12 to 14 weeks, and unhatched eggs were collected for Hg analysis. Blood samples were collected after four weeks of treatment and the termination of the study (i.e., 12-14 weeks of treatment). Clutch size decreased at dietary concentrations above 2.8 mu g/g. The average total mercury concentration in clutches of eggs and in the second egg laid (i.e., egg B) increased linearly with dietary concentration. Mercury concentrations in egg B were approximately 25% lower than in the first egg laid and similar in concentration to the third egg laid. Mercury concentrations in whole blood and plasma also increased linearly with dietary concentration. Total Hg concentrations in June blood samples were lower than those in April, despite 8 to 10 weeks of additional dietary exposure to MeHg in the diet. This is likely because of excretion of Hg into growing flight feathers beginning shortly after the start of egg production. The strongest relationships between Hg concentrations in blood and eggs occurred when we used blood samples collected in April before egg laying and feather molt. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2206-2210. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [French, John B., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bennett, Richard S.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Rossmann, Ronald] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. RP French, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bldg 308, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jbfrench@usgs.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [DW-14-93908001-1] FX The authors thank Dawn Graham, Wayne Bauer, Kristin Schlansker, and Kim Weersing for help with husbandry and data collection. Gary Heinz, David Hoffman. Keith Sappington, and John Nichols provided useful discussion and input throughout the study. The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Interagency Agreement DW-14-93908001-1. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency. The mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 29 IS 10 BP 2206 EP 2210 DI 10.1002/etc.284 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 658FV UT WOS:000282476800012 PM 20872683 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, PRS Curras-Collazo, MC AF Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S. Curras-Collazo, Margarita C. TI Neuroendocrine actions of organohalogens: Thyroid hormones, arginine vasopressin, and neuroplasticity SO FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Neuroendocrine disruption; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Organohalogens; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Thyroid hormones; Neuroplasticity; Arginine vasopressin ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; RAT SUPRAOPTIC NEURONS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS AB Organohalogen compounds are global environmental pollutants. They are highly persistent, bioaccumulative, and cause adverse effects in humans and wildlife. Because of the widespread use of these organohalogens in household items and consumer products, indoor contamination may be a significant source of human exposure, especially for children. One significant concern with regard to health effects associated with exposure to organohalogens is endocrine disruption. This review focuses on PCBs and PBDEs as old and new organohalogens, respectively, and their effects on two neuroendocrine systems; thyroid hormones and the arginine vasopressin system (AVP). Regarding neuroendocrine effects of organohalogens, there is considerable information on the thyroid system as a target and evidence is now accumulating that the AVP system and associated functions are also susceptible to disruption. AVP-mediated functions such as osmoregulation, cardiovascular function as well as social behavior, sexual function and learning/memory are discussed. For both thyroid and AVP systems, the timing of exposure seems to play a major role in the outcome of adverse effects. The mechanism of organohalogen action is well understood for the thyroid system. In comparison, this aspect is understudied in the AVP system but some similarities in neural processes, shown to be targeted by these pollutants, serve as promising possibilities for study. One challenge in understanding modes of action within neuroendocrine systems is their complexity stemming, in part, from interdependent levels of organization. Further, because of the interplay between neuroendocrine and neural functions and behavior, further investigation into organohalogen-mediated effects is warranted and may yield insights with wider scope. Indeed, the current literature provides scattered evidence regarding the role of organohalogen-induced neuroendocrine disruption in the neuroplasticity related to both learning functions and brain structure but future studies are needed to establish the role of endocrine disruption in nervous system function and development. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S.] US EPA, Neurotoxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Curras-Collazo, Margarita C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Kodavanti, PRS (reprint author), US EPA, Neurotoxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, B 105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.prasada@epa.gov NR 274 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-3022 EI 1095-6808 J9 FRONT NEUROENDOCRIN JI Front. Neuroendocrinol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 31 IS 4 SI SI BP 479 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.06.005 PG 18 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 676EZ UT WOS:000283894200006 PM 20609372 ER PT J AU Schmutz, M Revil, A Vaudelet, P Batzle, M Vinao, PF Werkema, DD AF Schmutz, M. Revil, A. Vaudelet, P. Batzle, M. Vinao, P. Femenia Werkema, D. D. TI Influence of oil saturation upon spectral induced polarization of oil-bearing sands SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Electrical properties; Electromagnetic theory; Hydrogeophysics; Permeability and porosity ID POROUS-MEDIA; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; SHALY SANDS; GLASS-BEADS; CONTAMINATION; CONDUCTIVITY; MODEL; TILL AB P>The induced polarization model developed recently by Revil and Florsch to understand the complex conductivity of fully saturated granular materials has been extended to partial saturation conditions. It is an improvement over previous models like the Vinegar and Waxman model, which do not account explicitly for the effect of frequency. The Vinegar and Waxman model can be considered as a limiting case of the Revil and Florsch model in the limit where the distribution of relaxation times is very broad. The extended model is applied to the case of unconsolidated sands partially saturated with oil and water. Laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the influence of oil saturation, frequency, grain size, and conductivity of the pore water upon the complex resistivity response of oil-bearing sands. The low-frequency polarization (below 100 Hz) is dominated by the polarization of the Stern layer (the inner part of the electrical double layer coating the surface of the grains in contact with water). The phase exhibits a well-defined relaxation peak with a peak frequency that is dependent on the mean grain diameter as predicted by the model. Both the resistivity and the magnitude of the phase increase with the relative saturation of the oil. The imaginary (quadrature) component of the complex conductivity is observed to decrease with the oil saturation. All these observations are reproduced by the new model. C1 [Schmutz, M.; Vaudelet, P.] Univ Bordeaux 3, Inst EGID, F-33607 Pessac, France. [Revil, A.; Batzle, M.; Vinao, P. Femenia] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Revil, A.] Univ Savoie, INSU CNRS LGIT, UMR 5559, Equipe Volcans, Le Bourget Du Lac, France. [Werkema, D. D.] US EPA, ORD, NERL, ESD,CMB, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Schmutz, M (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 3, Inst EGID, F-33607 Pessac, France. EM arevil@mines.edu FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER646559]; Agency of Environment and Energy Management (ADEME); Region Aquitaine in France (FEDER) FX We thank Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER646559 for financial support, Agency of Environment and Energy Management (ADEME) and Region Aquitaine in France (FEDER Project). We thank G. Olhoeft and A. Binley for fruitful discussions and K. Schmidt for her help with the experiments. We thank two anonymous referees for their very constructive comments and the Editor Jorg Renner. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for presentation, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by EPA for use. NR 38 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 183 IS 1 BP 211 EP 224 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04751.x PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 651CQ UT WOS:000281902600016 ER PT J AU Ward, MDW Chung, YJ Copeland, LB Doerfler, DL AF Ward, M. D. W. Chung, Y. J. Copeland, L. B. Doerfler, D. L. TI A comparison of the allergic responses induced by Penicillium chrysogenum and house dust mite extracts in a mouse model SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE Allergy; House dust mite; Molds; Penicillium chrysogenum; Relative allergenicity; Mouse model ID PROTEASE MAJOR ALLERGEN; SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; NEUTROPHILIC INFLAMMATION; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BALB/C MICE; ASTHMA; EXPOSURE; FUNGI; SENSITIZATION AB A report by the Institute of Medicine suggested that more research is needed to better understand mold effects on allergic disease, particularly asthma development. We compared the ability of the fungal Penicillium chrysogenum (PCE) and house dust mite (HDM) extracts to induce allergic responses in BALB/c mice. The extracts were administered by intratracheal aspiration (IA) at several doses (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mu g) four times over a 4-week period. Three days after the last IA exposure, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected. The relative allergenicity of the extracts was evaluated based on the lowest dose able to induce a significant response compared to control (0 mu g) and the robustness of the response. PCE induced the most robust response at the lowest dose for most endpoints examined: BALF total, macrophage, neutrophil, and eosinophil cell counts, and antigen-specific IgE. Taken together, our data suggest that PCE may induce a more robust allergic and inflammatory response at lower doses than HDM. C1 [Ward, M. D. W.; Chung, Y. J.; Copeland, L. B.; Doerfler, D. L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ward, MDW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ward.marsha@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described in this article. It has been reviewed in accordance with the Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD OCT PY 2010 VL 20 IS 5 BP 380 EP 391 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00660.x PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 648RZ UT WOS:000281713000004 PM 20590919 ER PT J AU Majestic, BJ Erdakos, GB Lewandowski, M Oliver, KD Willis, RD Kleindienst, TE Bhave, PV AF Majestic, Brian J. Erdakos, Garnet B. Lewandowski, Michael Oliver, Karen D. Willis, Robert D. Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Bhave, Prakash V. TI A Review of Selected Engineered Nanoparticles in the Atmosphere Sources, Transformations, and Techniques for Sampling and Analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE engineered nanomaterials; analytical methods ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; GAS COMBUSTION SOURCES; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; ZERO-VALENT IRON; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; RISK-ASSESSMENT AB A state-of-the-science review was undertaken to identify and assess sampling and analysis methods to detect and quantify selected nanomaterials (NMs) in the ambient atmosphere. The review is restricted to five types of NMs of interest to the Office of Research and Development Nanomaterial Research Strategy (US Environmental Protection Agency): cerium oxide, titanium dioxide, carbon nanostructures (carbon nanotubes and fullerenes), zero-valent iron, and silver nanoparticles. One purpose was determining the extent to which present-day ultrafine sampling and analysis methods may be sufficient for identifying and possibly quantifying engineered NMs (ENMs) in ambient air. Conventional sampling methods for ultrafines appear to require modifications. For cerium and titanium, background levels from natural sources make measurement of ENMs difficult to quantify. In cases where field studies have been performed, identification from bulk analysis samples have been made. Further development of methods is needed to identify these NMs, especially in specific size fractions of ambient aerosols. C1 [Majestic, Brian J.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Erdakos, Garnet B.; Lewandowski, Michael; Willis, Robert D.; Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.; Bhave, Prakash V.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Oliver, Karen D.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Majestic, BJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM brian.majestic@nau.edu RI Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013 OI Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-05-065] FX Received from: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA (BJM); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (GBE, ML, RDW, TEK, PVB); Alion Science and Technology, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (KDO). The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract EP-D-05-065 to Alion Science and Technology. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 151 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 33 PU HAMILTON HARDY PUBL INC PI ATTLEBORO PA 8 N MAIN ST, STE 404A, ATTLEBORO, MA 02703 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 BP 488 EP 507 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 677AY UT WOS:000283962700014 PM 21222392 ER PT J AU Lynette, J AF Lynette, Jennifer TI Navajo Nation: 30% Without Access to Regulated Drinking Water SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lynette, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Lynette.jennifer@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 102 IS 10 BP 28 EP 29 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 671QG UT WOS:000283522100009 ER PT J AU Kim, D Elovitz, M Roberts, PJW Kim, JH AF Kim, Dooil Elovitz, Michael Roberts, Philip J. W. Kim, Jae-Hong TI Using 3D LIF to investigate and improve performance of a multichamber ozone contactor SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INACTIVATION; SIMULATION; BROMATE AB In order to visually and quantitatively analyze mixing behavior within a multichamber ozone contactor, this investigation applied three-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence (3D LIF) to a model reactor that was scaled down from a full-scale ozonation plant currently in service. Results indicated that mixing conditions inside the contactor were less than optimum and were characterized by extensive short circuiting from one chamber to the next, internal recirculation within the chambers, and dead zones with little mixing at the chamber centers. The multichamber ozone contactor is the most widely used design for water disinfection, but its efficacy is diminished by nonideal flow behaviors. The 3D LIF system described in this article, combined with ozone contactor model software developed by the authors, provides a highly effective tool for reactor diagnosis, retrofitting to improve performance, and new reactor design. The information provided can be used to optimize baffle and chamber configurations in multichamber ozone contactors to improve disinfection efficiency and minimize disinfection by-product formation. C1 [Roberts, Philip J. W.; Kim, Jae-Hong] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Elovitz, Michael] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kim, Dooil] Dankook Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Yongin, South Korea. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 200 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jaehong.kim@ce.gatech.edu RI Kim, Jae-Hong/G-7901-2012 FU US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), through its Office of Research and Development [CR-83327701] FX The authors thank Lon Couillard of the Milwaukee (Wis.) Water Works for technical support and his review of the manuscript. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), through its Office of Research and Development, partially funded and collaborated in the research described here (Cooperative Agreement CR-83327701). The research has been subjected to the agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USEPA; therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 2164-4535 J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 102 IS 10 BP 61 EP 70 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 671QG UT WOS:000283522100014 ER PT J AU Cerucci, M Jaligama, GK Ambrose, RB AF Cerucci, Marcelo Jaligama, Gopi K. Ambrose, Robert B., Jr. TI Comparison of the Monod and Droop Methods for Dynamic Water Quality Simulations SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Water quality modeling; WASP; Nutrient limitation methods ID EUTROPHICATION MODEL; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; NUTRIENT; KINETICS AB The Monod method is widely used to model nutrient limitation and primary productivity in water bodies. It offers a straightforward approach to simulate the main processes governing eutrophication and it allows the proper representation of many aquatic systems. The Monod method is not able to represent the nutrient luxury uptake by algae, which consists of the excess nutrient uptake during times of high nutrient availability in the water column. The Droop method, which is also used to model nutrient limitation and primary productivity, takes into account the luxury uptake of nutrients. Because of the relative complexity of the Droop method, it has not been systematically adopted for the simulation of large stream networks. The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) version 7.1 was updated to include nutrient luxury uptake for periphyton growth. The objective of this paper is to present the new nutrient limitation processes simulated by WASP 7.1 and to compare the performance of the Droop and the Monod methods for a complex stream network where periphyton is the main organism responsible for primary productivity. Two applications of WASP 7.1 with the Droop and Monod methods were developed for the Raritan River Basin in New Jersey. Water quality parameters affecting the transport and fate of nutrients were calibrated based on observed data collected for the Raritan River total maximum daily load. The dissolved oxygen and nutrients simulated with WASP 7.1, obtained with the Droop and Monod methods, were compared at selected monitoring stations under different flows and nutrient availability conditions. The comparison of the WASP 7.1 applications showed the importance of using the Droop method when periphyton was the main organism responsible for primary productivity. The data simulated with the Droop method resulted in good agreement with the observed data for dissolved oxygen, ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, and dissolved orthophosphate at the selected stations. The Monod method was not able to capture the did l dissolved oxygen variation when nutrients were scarce, and it resulted in unrealistic diel variations of nutrients at times of strong primary productivity at some locations. C1 [Cerucci, Marcelo] MCHydro Consultoria Ambiental LTDA, Omni Environm LLC, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Jaligama, Gopi K.] Omni Environm LLC, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ambrose, Robert B., Jr.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. RP Cerucci, M (reprint author), MCHydro Consultoria Ambiental LTDA, Omni Environm LLC, 123 Snyder Hill Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM mcerucci@omni-env.com; gjaligama@omni-env.com; rambrose@alum.mit.edu FU NJ Department of Environmental Protection FX The modeling work discussed herein was developed with funding provided by the NJ Department of Environmental Protection. The modeling work has not, to date, been evaluated by the Department and the Department takes no position with respect to the modeling work. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 20 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2010 VL 136 IS 10 BP 1009 EP 1019 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000257 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 655FB UT WOS:000282231100001 ER PT J AU Xia, M Craig, PM Schaeffer, B Stoddard, A Liu, ZJ Peng, MC Zhang, HY Wallen, CM Bailey, N Mandrup-Poulsenl, J AF Xia, Meng Craig, Paul M. Schaeffer, Blake Stoddard, Andrew Liu, Zhijun Peng, Machuan Zhang, Hongyan Wallen, Christopher M. Bailey, Nathan Mandrup-Poulsenl, Jan TI Influence of Physical Forcing on Bottom-Water Dissolved Oxygen within Caloosahatchee River Estuary, Florida SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Caloosahatchee; EFDC; Coastal ocean; Dissolved oxygen ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER; QUALITY MODEL; HYPOXIA; EUTROPHICATION; SALINITY; DYNAMICS; VIRGINIA; SYSTEM; SEA AB Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code, a numerical estuarine and coastal ocean circulation hydrodynamic and eutrophication model, was used to simulate the distributions of dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, water temperature, and nutrients in the Caloosahatchee River Estuary. Modeled DO, salinity, and water temperature were in good agreement with field observational data from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and South Florida Water Management District. Sensitivity analyses identified the effects of river discharge, atmospheric winds, and tidal forcing on the spatial and temporal distributions of DO. Simulation results indicated that vertical mixing due to wind forcing increased the bottom DO concentration. River discharge enhanced stratification in deep locations but propagated vertical mixing in the shallow upper estuary. Finally, tidal forcing heavily influenced bottom layer DO concentrations throughout the whole river estuary. C1 [Xia, Meng; Zhang, Hongyan] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Craig, Paul M.; Liu, Zhijun; Wallen, Christopher M.] Dynam Solut LLC, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Schaeffer, Blake] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32563 USA. [Stoddard, Andrew] Dynam Solut LLC, Hamilton, VA 20158 USA. [Peng, Machuan] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bailey, Nathan; Mandrup-Poulsenl, Jan] Florida Dept Environm Protect, Div Environm Assessment & Restorat, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Xia, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM mengxia@umich.edu FU Florida Department of Environmental Protection through a subcontract from Camp Dresser and McKee, Inc.; NOAA's GLERL; Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystem Research (CILER) at the University of Michigan (UM) FX This study was supported by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection through a subcontract from Camp Dresser and McKee, Inc. Most modeling activities were carried out at the Dynamic Solutions LLC and NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL). We are also thankful for the support of Ms. Julie Wallen, president of DSLLC, and Mr. Jeffery Holt of DSLLC. Additional support was provided by NOAA's GLERL and the Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystem Research (CILER) at the University of Michigan (UM). Dr. David J. Schwab and Ms. Cathy Darnell of NOAA GLERL edited the paper and Ms. Xiaoyan He of UM CILER revised the figures. Thanks for the three anonymous reviewers' comments. This study has been reviewed and approved for publication by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory but contents are solely views of the writers. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. EPA or NOAA. This is Contribution No. 1547 from the NOAA GLERL. This is Contribution No. 1351 from the Gulf Ecology Division. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2010 VL 136 IS 10 BP 1032 EP 1044 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000239 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 655FB UT WOS:000282231100003 ER PT J AU Shenl, H Adair, C Wilson, JT AF Shenl, Hai Adair, Cherri Wilson, John T. TI Long-Term Capacity of Plant Mulch to Remediate Trichloroethylene in Groundwater SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Reactive barrier; Biowall; Dechlorination of TCE; Biodegradation of chlorinated solvents; Groundwater; Plant mulch ID REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; DEGRADATION; CELLULOSE; BIODEGRADABILITY; HYDROGEN; FRACTION; KINETICS; BIOWALL; TCE AB Passive reactive barriers (PRBs) are commonly used to treat groundwater that is contaminated with chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE). A number of PRBs have been constructed with plant mulch as the reactive medium. The TCE is removed in these barriers through adsorption, biological reductive dechlorination, and abiotic reactions with reduced iron minerals that are formed in the barrier. Generally speaking, adsorption has limited capacity for TCE removal and abiotic dechlorination is dependent on metal sulfides of biogenic origin. Therefore, the long-term performance of these barriers will be controlled by their capacity to support biological activity. Laboratory batch experiments were inoculated with an enrichment culture of dechlorinating microorganisms. Dechlorination of TCE to ethylene was achieved using plant mulch; however, neither water extractable nor organic-solvent extractable components of the mulch could sustain dechlorination of TCE. This indicates that biodegradation of organic wood fibers in the plant cell wall provides electron donors for dechlorination of TCE. Kinetic analysis of the methane production in the batch tests provides supporting evidence that the plant mulch is able to sustain long-term biological activity in a typical barrier constructed with plant tissues. The recognition of the intact plant tissues as a long-term electron donor expands the knowledge about the microbial dechlorination under natural conditions. In addition, the production of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) observed in a column study was used to estimate the life cycle of a full-scale biowall installed at Altus AFB, Oklahoma. Based on a consistent downward trend in DIC concentrations in the effluent and a stable concentration in the influent over time, the mulch in the biowall is expected to support microbial activity for 10 years. C1 [Shenl, Hai] US DOE, Los Alamos Site Off, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Adair, Cherri; Wilson, John T.] US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Shenl, H (reprint author), US DOE, Los Alamos Site Off, 3747 West Rd, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM HShen@doeal.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [RW5716092]; U.S. Air Force [RW5716092] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Air Force funded the research described here through Agreement No. RW5716092. It has not been subjected to U.S. EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. We thank Xiaoxia Lu for development of the dechlorinating culture and Shaw Environmental for performing the chemical analysis. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2010 VL 136 IS 10 BP 1054 EP 1062 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000253 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 655FB UT WOS:000282231100005 ER PT J AU Johnson, M Nriagu, J Hammad, A Savoie, K Jamil, H AF Johnson, Markey Nriagu, Jerome Hammad, Adnan Savoie, Kathryn Jamil, Hikmet TI Asthma, Environmental Risk Factors, and Hypertension Among Arab Americans in Metro Detroit SO JOURNAL OF IMMIGRANT AND MINORITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Asthma; Hypertension; Arab; Indoor air pollution; Environmental risk factors ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; INNER-CITY CHILDREN; METABOLIC SYNDROME; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH; OBESITY-HYPERTENSION; HISPANIC IMMIGRANTS AB Asthma and obesity-related health problems disproportionately impact low-income ethnic minority communities residing in urban areas. Environmental risk factors, particularly those related to housing and indoor air, may impact the development or exacerbation of asthma. There is increasing evidence to suggest a link between obesity-related health problems and asthma. Previous studies have also reported that immigrant status may influence myriad risk factors and health outcomes among immigrant populations. The Arab American Environmental Health Project (AAEHP) was the first study to explore environmental health problems among Arab Americans. This paper examined whether hypertensive status modified the relationship between environmental risk factors and asthma among Arab Americans in metro Detroit. An environmental risk index (ERI) was used to quantify household environmental risk factors associated with asthma. Physician diagnosed hypertension was self-reported, and asthma status was determined using responses to a validated symptoms checklist and self-reported diagnosis by a physician. Hypertension significantly modified the relationship between ERI and asthma in this study population. The positive association between household environmental risk factors and asthma was stronger among participants diagnosed with hypertension. Effect modification of the relationship between environmental risk factors and asthma could have serious implications among high-risk communities. However, further research is needed to elucidate the relationships between hypertension, environmental risk factors, and asthma. C1 [Johnson, Markey] US EPA, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nriagu, Jerome] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hammad, Adnan; Savoie, Kathryn] ACCESS Community Hlth & Res Ctr, Dearborn, MI USA. [Jamil, Hikmet] Wayne State Univ, Dept Family Med, Detroit, MI USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), US EPA, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Human Studies Div, MD 58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM johnson.marym@epa.gov NR 99 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1912 J9 J IMMIGR MINOR HEALT JI J. Immigr. Minor. Health PD OCT PY 2010 VL 12 IS 5 BP 640 EP 651 DI 10.1007/s10903-008-9205-8 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 645ZZ UT WOS:000281506000004 PM 18998210 ER PT J AU Wang, S Prophete, C Soukup, JM Chen, LC Costa, M Ghio, A Qu, QS Cohen, MD Chen, HB AF Wang, Shang Prophete, Colette Soukup, Joleen M. Chen, Lung-chi Costa, Max Ghio, Andrew Qu, Qingshan Cohen, Mitchell D. Chen, Haobin TI Roles of MAPK pathway activation during cytokine induction in BEAS-2B cells exposed to fine World Trade Center (WTC) dust SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PM(2.5); interleukin-6 (IL-6); IL-8; IL-10; ERK; p38 ID IL-10 GENE-EXPRESSION; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PARTICULATE MATTER; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; PULMONARY-DISEASE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; RECOVERY WORKERS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS AB The World Trade Center (WTC) collapse on September 11, 2001 released copious amounts of particulate matter (PM) into the atmosphere of New York City. Follow-up studies on persons exposed to the dusts have revealed a severely increased rate for asthma and other respiratory illnesses. There have only been a few studies that have sought to discern the possible mechanisms underlying these untoward pathologies. In one study, an increased cytokine release was detected in cells exposed to WTC fine dusts (PM(2.5) fraction or WTC(2.5)). However, the mechanism(s) for these increases has yet to be fully defined. Because activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways is known to cause cytokine induction, the current study was undertaken to analyze the possible involvement of these pathways in any increased cytokine formation by lung epithelial cells (as BEAS-2B cells) exposed to WTC(2.5). Our results showed that exposure to WTC(2.5) for 5 hr increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression in BEAS-2B cells, as well as its protein levels in the culture media, in a dose-dependent manner. Besides IL-6, cytokine multiplex analyses revealed that formation of IL-8 and -10 was also elevated by the exposure. Both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38, but not c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, signaling pathways were found to be activated in cells exposed to WTC(2.5). Inactivation of ERK signaling pathways by PD98059 effectively blocked IL-6, -8, and -10 induction by WTC(2.5); the p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 significantly decreased induction of IL-8 and -10. Together, our data demonstrated activation of MAPK signaling pathway(s) likely played an important role in the WTC(2.5) induced formation of several inflammatory (and, subsequently, anti-inflammatory) cytokines. The results are important in that they help to define one mechanism via which the WTC dusts may have acted to cause the documented increases in asthma and other inflammation-associated respiratory dysfunctions in the individuals exposed to the dusts released from the WTC collapse. C1 [Wang, Shang; Prophete, Colette; Chen, Lung-chi; Costa, Max; Qu, Qingshan; Cohen, Mitchell D.; Chen, Haobin] New York Univ, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [Wang, Shang] Monroe Woodbury High Sch, Cent Valley, NY USA. [Soukup, Joleen M.; Ghio, Andrew] US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Chen, HB (reprint author), New York Univ, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. EM haobin.chen@nyumc.org RI costa, max/H-1754-2012; Cjem, Lung-Chi/H-5030-2012; OI Chen, Lung Chi/0000-0003-1154-2107 FU NIEHS [ES016570]; NIEHS Center [ES00260]; CDC/NIOSH [OH008280-01A2] FX The Authors wish to thank Eric Liberda for his help in this study. This work was supported, in part, by NIEHS Grant ES016570 (Q. Qu, PI), NIEHS Center Grant ES00260, and CDC/NIOSH Grant OH008280-01A2 (M. Cohen, PI). The Authors report no conflicts of interest. The Authors are alone responsible for the content and writing of the paper. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1547-691X J9 J IMMUNOTOXICOL JI J. Immunotoxicol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 7 IS 4 BP 298 EP 307 DI 10.3109/1547691X.2010.509289 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 681LJ UT WOS:000284316600006 PM 20731619 ER PT J AU Smith, MJ Germolec, DR Luebke, RW Sheth, CM Auttachoat, W Guo, TL White, KL AF Smith, Matthew J. Germolec, Dori R. Luebke, Robert W. Sheth, Christopher M. Auttachoat, Wimolnut Guo, Tai L. White, Kimber L., Jr. TI Immunotoxicity of dibromoacetic acid administered via drinking water to female B6C3F1 mice SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dibromoacetic acid; immunotoxicity; drinking water; disinfection by-products; haloacetic acids ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; HOST-RESISTANCE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; EXPOSURE; RATS; MODULATION; TOXICITY; CARCINOGENICITY; GENOTOXICITY; ANTIBODY AB Dibromoacetic acid (DBA) is a disinfection by-product commonly found in drinking water as a result of chlorination/ozonation processes. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that more than 200 million people consume disinfected water in the United States. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential immunotoxicological effects of DBA exposure when administered for 28 days via drinking water to B6C3F1 mice, at concentrations of 125, 500, and 1000 mg/L. Multiple endpoints were evaluated to assess innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immune components, as well as host resistance. Standard toxicological parameters were unaffected, with the exception of a dose-responsive increase in liver weight and a decrease in thymus weight at the two highest exposure levels. Splenocyte differentials were affected, although the effects were not dose-responsive. Exposure to DBA did not significantly affect humoral immunity (immunoglobulin M [IgM] plaque assay and serum IgM anti-sheep erythrocyte titers) or cell-mediated immunity (mixed-leukocyte response). No effects were observed on innate immune function in either interferon-gamma-induced in vitro macrophage cytotoxic activity or basal natural killer (NK)-cell activity. Augmented NK-cell activity (following exposure to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid) was decreased at the low dose, however the effect was not dose-responsive. Finally, DBA exposure had no effect on resistance to infection with either Streptococcus pneumoniae or Plasmodium yoelii, or challenge with B16F10 melanoma cells. With the exception of changes in thymus weight, these results indicate that DBA exposure resulted in no immunotoxic effects at concentrations much larger than those considered acceptable in human drinking water. C1 [Smith, Matthew J.; Sheth, Christopher M.; Auttachoat, Wimolnut; Guo, Tai L.; White, Kimber L., Jr.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Germolec, Dori R.] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Luebke, Robert W.] US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP White, KL (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Med Coll Virginia Campus,Strauss Bldg,Room 2-011,, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM kwhite@vcu.edu FU NIEHS [ES 05454]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [DW75937992] FX This article may, in part, be the work product of an employee or group of employees of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), however, the statements, opinions or conclusions contained therein do not necessarily represent the statements, opinions or conclusions of NIEHS, NIH or the United States government. This report has been reviewed by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This work was supported in part by NIEHS Contract ES 05454 and by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under interagency agreement DW75937992. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1547-691X J9 J IMMUNOTOXICOL JI J. Immunotoxicol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 7 IS 4 BP 333 EP 343 DI 10.3109/1547691X.2010.519744 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 681LJ UT WOS:000284316600010 PM 20958156 ER PT J AU Hu, Q Strynar, MJ DeWitt, JC AF Hu, Qing Strynar, Mark J. DeWitt, Jamie C. TI Are developmentally exposed C57BL/6 mice insensitive to suppression of TDAR by PFOA? SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Developmental immunotoxicity; T-cell-dependent antibody responses; perfluorooctanoic acid; perfluoroalkyl acid ID PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE; MOUSE; SULFONATE; TOXICITY; RATS AB Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an environmentally persistent fluorinated compound that is present in biological samples worldwide and associated with multisystem toxicity in laboratory animal models. Several studies have reported suppression of T-cell-dependent antibody responses (TDAR) in adult rodent models after 15 or 28 days of exposure. A related compound, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), was reported to suppress TDAR in developmentally exposed mice. The developmental effects of PFOA exposure on TDAR have not been explored; therefore, the objective of our study was to determine if TDAR suppression would occur in developmentally exposed mice. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were given 0, 0.5, or 1 mg PFOA/kg body weight (BW) in drinking water from gestation day (GD) 6 to GD17. At postnatal day (PND) 2, litters/dam were reduced to three males and three females. On PND21, female offspring were weaned and separated and on PND43, they were intravenously immunized with sheep red blood cells. Serum for evaluation of IgM titers and PFOA concentrations was collected 5 days later. Booster immunizations were given 14 days later; serum for evaluation of IgG titers and PFOA concentrations was collected 5 days later. Litter weights were statistically decreased by 10% in the 1 mg/kg group relative to controls, but liver weights, lymphoid organ weights, and TDAR did not differ in female offspring by dose. Mean PFOA serum concentrations were 122 ng/mL (0.5 mg/kg) and 183 ng/mL (1 mg/kg) and <1 ng/mL for controls. PFOA serum concentrations in offspring were 400-fold lower than serum concentrations reported to suppress TDAR in adults; however, mice exposed during development did not survive doses higher than 1 mg/kg. Therefore, although TDAR in adult mice is sensitive to PFOA exposure, the doses and exposure scenario of this study did not induce developmental immunotoxicity (DIT). C57BL/6 mice are likely more sensitive to the overt developmental toxicity of PFOA than to potential DIT. C1 [Hu, Qing; DeWitt, Jamie C.] E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. [Strynar, Mark J.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Methods Dev & Applicat Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP DeWitt, JC (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, 600 Moye Blvd, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. EM dewittj@ecu.ecu OI DeWitt, Jamie/0000-0002-0440-4059 FU Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; ECU Division of Research and Graduate Studies FX J. DeWitt was supported by a Faculty Start-up Award from the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and the ECU Division of Research and Graduate Studies. This document is a preliminary draft. It has not been formally released by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and should not at this stage be construed to represent Agency policy. It is being circulated for comments on its technical merit and policy implications. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1547-691X J9 J IMMUNOTOXICOL JI J. Immunotoxicol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 7 IS 4 BP 344 EP 349 DI 10.3109/1547691X.2010.520045 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 681LJ UT WOS:000284316600011 PM 20954796 ER PT J AU Selgrade, MK Gilmour, MI AF Selgrade, MaryJane K. Gilmour, M. Ian TI Suppression of pulmonary host defenses and enhanced susceptibility to respiratory bacterial infection in mice following inhalation exposure to trichloroethylene and chloroform SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Host resistance; trichloroethylene; chloroform; respiratory infection; risk assessment ID AIR-POLLUTION; STREPTOCOCCUS-ZOOEPIDEMICUS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HEALTH; OZONE; LUNG; IMMUNOTOXICITY; CHILDREN; PHOSGENE; DISEASE AB Numerous epidemiological studies have associated episodes of increased air pollution with increased incidence of respiratory disease, including pneumonia, croup, and bronchitis. Trichloroethylene (TCE) and chloroform are among 33 hazardous air pollutants identified by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency as presenting the greatest threat to public health in the largest number of urban areas. Also, both are common indoor air pollutants. Here, we assessed the potential effects of TCE and chloroform on resistance to pulmonary bacterial infection and related alveolar macrophage (AM) function. CD 1 mice were exposed by inhalation to filtered air (control) or concentrations of TCE ranging from 5 to 200 ppm, or concentrations of chloroform ranging from 100 to 2000 ppm. Immediately following exposure, mice were challenged with an aerosol of Streptococcus zooepidemicus and monitored for clearance of bacteria from the lung and mortality. In separate experiments, exposed mice were injected intratracheally with viable bacteria and phagocytic function was evaluated in macrophages obtained from lung washes 30 min later. The NOEL for enhanced mortality to infection was 25 ppm for TCE and 500 ppm for chloroform. Relative to the air controls, differences in clearance of bacteria from the lung were noted in mice exposed to TCE (NOEL = 50 ppm) and to chloroform (NOEL 100 ppm), and differences in AM phagocytic index were noted for TCE (NOEL = 100 ppm) and for chloroform (NOEL < 100 ppm). The data support the utility of the S. zooepidemicus infectivity model in assessing potential increased risk of respiratory infection and suggest that delayed clearance of bacteria from the lung or decreased phagocytosis are viable alternatives to mortality as an endpoint. Collectively, these endpoints are among the most sensitive health effects reported for TCE. C1 [Selgrade, MaryJane K.; Gilmour, M. Ian] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Selgrade, MK (reprint author), ICF Int, 2222 E NC-54 Highwy, Durham, NC USA. EM mselgrade@icfi.com NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1547-691X J9 J IMMUNOTOXICOL JI J. Immunotoxicol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 7 IS 4 BP 350 EP 356 DI 10.3109/1547691X.2010.520139 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 681LJ UT WOS:000284316600012 PM 20925451 ER PT J AU Robinson, AL Grieshop, AP Donahue, NM Hunt, SW AF Robinson, Allen L. Grieshop, Andrew P. Donahue, Neil M. Hunt, Sherri W. TI Updating the Conceptual Model for Fine Particle Mass Emissions from Combustion Systems SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; IN-USE DIESEL; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; FIREPLACE COMBUSTION; COMPOSITION DISTRIBUTIONS; PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS AB Atmospheric transformations determine the contribution of emissions from combustion systems to fine particulate matter (PM) mass. For example, combustion systems emit vapors that condense onto existing particles or form new particles as the emissions are cooled and diluted. Upon entering the atmosphere, emissions are exposed to atmospheric oxidants and sunlight, which causes them to evolve chemically and physically, generating secondary PM. This review discusses these transformations, focusing on organic PM. Organic PM emissions are semi-volatile at atmospheric conditions and thus their partitioning varies continuously with changing temperature and concentration. Because organics contribute a large portion of the PM mass emitted by most combustion sources, these emissions cannot be represented using a traditional, static emission factor. Instead, knowledge of the volatility distribution of emissions is required to explicitly account for changes in gas-particle partitioning. This requires updating how PM emissions from combustion systems are measured and simulated from combustion systems. Secondary PM production often greatly exceeds the direct or primary PM emissions; therefore, secondary PM must be included in any assessment of the contribution of combustion systems to ambient PM concentrations. Low-volatility organic vapors emitted by combustion systems appear to be very important secondary PM precursors that are poorly accounted for in inventories and models. The review concludes by discussing the implications that the dynamic nature of these PM emissions have on source testing for emission inventory development and regulatory purposes. This discussion highlights important linkages between primary and secondary PM, which could lead to simplified certification test procedures while capturing the emission components that contribute most to atmospheric PM mass. C1 [Robinson, Allen L.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Grieshop, Andrew P.] Univ British Columbia, Inst Resources Environm & Sustainabil, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Hunt, Sherri W.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Robinson, AL (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM alr@andrew.cmu.edu RI Donahue, Neil/A-2329-2008; Grieshop, Andrew/C-9678-2012; Robinson, Allen/I-5713-2012; Robinson, Allen/M-3046-2014 OI Donahue, Neil/0000-0003-3054-2364; Grieshop, Andrew/0000-0002-6470-9946; Robinson, Allen/0000-0003-1053-7090; Robinson, Allen/0000-0002-1819-083X FU National Center for Environmental Research [R833748]; U.S. Department of Defense [WP-1626]; Electric Power Research Institute [EP-P25369/C12290]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/University of Colorado Boulder CIRES; Canadian Auto-21 Network of Centers of Excellence FX Financial support was provided by the EPA Science to Achieve Results program through the National Center for Environmental Research under grant R833748, the U.S. Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program under project WP-1626, and the Electric Power Research Institute under agreement EP-P25369/C12290. Allen Robinson also acknowledges the financial support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/University of Colorado Boulder CIRES visiting faculty fellowship, and Andrew P. Grieshop acknowledges support from the Canadian Auto-21 Network of Centers of Excellence. This paper has not been reviewed by any of the funding agencies and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of any of the funding agencies. No official endorsement should be inferred. NR 103 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 60 IS 10 BP 1204 EP 1222 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.60.10.1204 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 663QW UT WOS:000282903800005 PM 21090549 ER PT J AU Hager-Braun, C Hochleitner, EO Gorny, MK Zolla-Pazner, S Bienstock, RJ Tomer, KB AF Hager-Braun, Christine Hochleitner, Elisabeth O. Gorny, Miroslaw K. Zolla-Pazner, Susan Bienstock, Rachelle J. Tomer, Kenneth B. TI Characterization of a Discontinuous Epitope of the HIV Envelope Protein gp120 Recognized by a Human Monoclonal Antibody Using Chemical Modification and Mass Spectrometric Analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G1 B12; GLYCOPROTEIN GP120; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; ARGININE RESIDUES; SURFACE-TOPOLOGY; BINDING-SITE; RECEPTOR; RETROVIRUS; CORE AB A subset of the neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies recognize epitopes on the envelope protein gp120 of the human immunodeficiency virus. These epitopes are exposed during conformational changes when gp120 binds to its primary receptor CD4. Based on chemical modification of lysine and arginine residues followed by mass spectrometric analysis, we determined the epitope on gp120 recognized by the human monoclonal antibody 559/64-D, which was previously found to be specific for the CD4 binding domain. Twenty-four lysine and arginine residues in recombinant full-length glycosylated gp120 were characterized; the relative reactivities of two lysine residues and five arginine residues were affected by the binding of 559/64-D. The data show that the epitope is discontinuous and is located in the proximity of the CD4-binding site. Additionally, the reactivities of a residue that is located in the secondary receptor binding region and several residues distant from the CD4 binding site were also altered by Ab binding. These data suggest that binding of 559/64-D induced conformational changes which result in altered surface exposure of specific amino acids distant from the CD4-binding site. Consequently, binding of 559/64-D to gp120 affects not only the CD4-binding site, which is recognized as the epitope, but appears to have a global effect on surface exposed residues of the full-length glycosylated gp120. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2010, 21, 1687-1698) (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Mass Spectrometry C1 [Hager-Braun, Christine; Hochleitner, Elisabeth O.; Bienstock, Rachelle J.; Tomer, Kenneth B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, DHHS, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gorny, Miroslaw K.; Zolla-Pazner, Susan] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Gorny, Miroslaw K.; Zolla-Pazner, Susan] Vet Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare Syst, New York, NY USA. RP Tomer, KB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, DHHS, Struct Biol Lab, Bldg 101,MD F0-03,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM tomer@niehs.nih.gov RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013; OI Bienstock, Rachelle/0000-0001-5228-3610; Gorny, Miroslaw/0000-0002-2714-8780 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health [z050150]; NIH/NHLBI [HL59725] FX The authors acknowledge support in part for this research by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health (z050150) and the NIH/NHLBI (grant HL59725 to S.Z.-P). NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1687 EP 1698 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.03.031 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 659EC UT WOS:000282548800007 PM 20434359 ER PT J AU Jones, KB Slonecker, ET Nash, MS Neale, AC Wade, TG Hamann, S AF Jones, K. Bruce Slonecker, E. Terrence Nash, Maliha S. Neale, Anne C. Wade, Timothy G. Hamann, Sharon TI Riparian habitat changes across the continental United States (1972-2003) and potential implications for sustaining ecosystem services SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress of Ecology CY AUG 16-21, 2009 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA DE Multi-scale change analysis; Land cover change; Remote sensing; Ecoregions; Riparian habitat change; Ecosystem services ID STREAM ECOSYSTEMS; MID-ATLANTIC; SAN-PEDRO; LAND-USE; FOREST; LANDSCAPE; BUFFERS; RIVER; USA; CONSERVATION AB Riparian ecosystems are important elements in landscapes that often provide a disproportionately wide range of ecosystem services and conservation benefits. Their protection and restoration have been one of the top environmental management priorities across the US over the last several years. Despite the level of concern, visibility and management effort, little is known about trends in riparian habitats. Moreover, little is known about whether or not cumulative efforts to restore and protect riparian zones and floodplains are affecting the rates of riparian habitat change nationwide. To address these issues, we analyzed riparian land cover change between the early 1970s and the late 1990s/early 2000s using existing spatial data on hydrography and land cover. This included an analysis of land cover changes within 180 m riparian buffer zones, and at catchment scales, for 42,363 catchments across 63 ecoregions of the continental US. The total amount of forest and natural land cover (forests, shrublands, wetlands) in riparian buffers declined by 0.7 and 0.9%, respectively across the entire study period. Gains in grassland/shrubland accounted for the 0.2% lower percentage of total natural land cover loss relative to forests. Conversely, urban and developed land cover (urban, agriculture, and mechanically disturbed lands) increased by more than 1.3% within riparian buffers across the entire study period. Despite these changes, we documented an opposite trend of increasing proportions of natural and forest land cover in riparian buffers versus the catchment scale. We surmise that this trend might reflect a combination of natural recovery and cumulative efforts to protect riparian ecosystems across the US. However, existing models limit our ability to assess the impacts of these changes on specific ecosystem services. We discuss the implications of changes observed in this study on the sustainability of ecosystem services. We also recommend opportunties for future riparian change assessments. C1 [Jones, K. Bruce; Slonecker, E. Terrence; Hamann, Sharon] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20191 USA. [Nash, Maliha S.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Neale, Anne C.; Wade, Timothy G.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jones, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20191 USA. EM kbjones@usgs.gov NR 71 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 7 U2 83 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1261 EP 1275 DI 10.1007/s10980-010-9510-1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 648WS UT WOS:000281725700010 ER PT J AU Huff, J AF Huff, James TI Predicting chemicals causing cancer in animals as human carcinogens SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID RISKS C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Huff, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM huff1@niehs.nih.gov NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 67 IS 10 BP 720 EP 720 DI 10.1136/oem.2009.054569 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 827ZJ UT WOS:000295469100012 PM 20837652 ER PT J AU Haugland, RA Varma, M Sivaganesan, M Kelty, C Peed, L Shanks, OC AF Haugland, Richard A. Varma, Manju Sivaganesan, Mano Kelty, Catherine Peed, Lindsay Shanks, Orin C. TI Evaluation of genetic markers from the 16S rRNA gene V2 region for use in quantitative detection of selected Bacteroidales species and human fecal waste by qPCR SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE QPCR; Bacteroidales; Species; Human; Fecal; Sources ID REAL-TIME PCR; RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; FRESH-WATER; HUMAN FECES; POLLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; DNA; QUANTIFICATION; INDICATORS; BACTERIA AB Molecular methods for quantifying defined Bacteroidales species from the human gastrointestinal tract may have important clinical and environmental applications, ranging from diagnosis of infections to fecal source tracking in surface waters. In this study, sequences from the V2 region of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene were targeted in the development of qPCR assays to quantify DNA from six Bacteroides and one Prevotella species. In silico and experimental analyses suggested that each of the assays was highly discriminatory in detecting DNA from the intended species. Analytical sensitivity, precision and ranges of quantification were demonstrated for each assay by coefficients of variation of less than 2% for cycle threshold measurements over a range from 10 to 4 x 10(4) target sequence copies. The assays were applied to assess the occurrence and relative abundance of their target sequences in feces from humans and five animal groups as well as in 14 sewage samples from 13 different treatment facilities. Sequences from each of the species were detected at high levels (>10(3) copies/ng total extracted DNA) in human wastes. Sequences were also detected by each assay in all sewage samples and, with exception of the Prevotella sequences, showed highly correlated (R-2 >= 0.7) variations in concentrations between samples. In contrast, the occurrence and relative abundance profiles of these sequences differed substantially in the fecal samples from each of the animal groups. These results suggest that analyses for multiple individual Bacteroidales species may be useful in identifying human fecal pollution in environmental waters. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Haugland, Richard A.; Varma, Manju; Sivaganesan, Mano; Kelty, Catherine; Peed, Lindsay; Shanks, Orin C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Haugland, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM haugland.rich@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development, funded and collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer review and has been approved as an EPA publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by the EPA for use. NR 48 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 BP 348 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.syapm.2010.06.001 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 679RO UT WOS:000284178700009 PM 20655680 ER PT J AU Thomas, DJ AF Thomas, David J. TI Arsenolysis and Thiol-Dependent Arsenate Reduction SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE arsenate; arsenolysis; thiols; glutathione; arsenate esters ID ENZYMES AB Conversion of arsenate to arsenite is a critical event in the pathway that leads from inorganic arsenic to a variety of methylated metabolites. The formation of methylated metabolites influences distribution and retention of arsenic and affects the reactivity and toxicity of these intermediates. Indeed, some of the toxic and carcinogenic effects associated with exposure to arsenate or arsenite are probably mediated by methylated arsenicals. Recent work has demonstrated a biologically plausible role for phosphorolytic-arsenolytic enzymes in a reaction scheme in which an "activated" arsenate ester is readily reduced by thiols to arsenite. Thiol-dependent reduction of arsenate esters formed by arsenolysis may be one of several functionally reductant processes that control the flux of arsenic into the cellular pathway for arsenic methylation. Integrating these reductive processes into a conceptual model for arsenic metabolism may provide new insights into the cellular machinery for handling this toxic metalloid. C1 US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Thomas, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, MD B143-1,109 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thomas.david@epa.gov NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 117 IS 2 BP 249 EP 252 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq224 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 653AZ UT WOS:000282055900001 PM 20660472 ER PT J AU Szabo, DT Diliberto, JJ Hakk, H Huwe, JK Birnbaum, LS AF Szabo, David T. Diliberto, Janet J. Hakk, Heldur Huwe, Janice K. Birnbaum, Linda S. TI Toxicokinetics of the Flame Retardant Hexabromocyclododecane Gamma: Effect of Dose, Timing, Route, Repeated Exposure, and Metabolism SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE mouse; metabolism; diastereomer; pharmacokinetics; stereoisomerization; HBCD; ADME; risk assessment; persistent organic pollutant; brominated flame retardant ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; INDOOR DUST; WISTAR RATS; ACCUMULATION; SPECTROMETRY; TRENDS; HBCDS; MICE AB Hexabromocyclododecane-gamma (gamma-HBCD) is the predominate diastereoisomer in the commercial HBCD mixture used as a flame retardant in a wide variety of consumer products. Three main diastereoisomers, alpha (alpha), beta (beta), and gamma (gamma), comprise the mixture. Despite the gamma-diastereoisomer being the major diastereoisomer in the mixture and environmental samples, the alpha-diastereoisomer predominates human tissue and wildlife. This study was conducted to characterize absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion parameters of gamma-HBCD with respect to dose and time following a single acute exposure and repeated exposure in adult female C57BL/6 mice. Results suggest that 85% of the administered dose (3 mg/kg) was absorbed after po exposure. Disposition was dose independent and did not significantly change after 10 days of exposure. Liver was the major depot (< 0.3% of dose) 4 days after treatment followed by blood, fat, and then brain. gamma-HBCD was rapidly metabolized and eliminated in the urine and feces. For the first time, in vivo stereoisomerization was observed of the gamma-diastereoisomer to the beta-diastereoisomer in liver and brain tissues and to the alpha- and beta-diastereoisomer in fat and feces. Polar metabolites in the blood and urine were a major factor in determining the initial whole-body half-life (1 day) after a single po exposure. Elimination, both whole-body and from individual tissues, was biphasic. Initial half-lives were approximately 1 day, whereas terminal half-lives were up to 4 days, suggesting limited potential for gamma-diastereoisomer bioaccumulation. The toxicokinetic behavior reported here has important implications for the extrapolation of toxicological studies of the commercial HBCD mixture to the assessment of risk. C1 [Szabo, David T.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Szabo, David T.; Diliberto, Janet J.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hakk, Heldur; Huwe, Janice K.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] NIEHS, NCI, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] NIEHS, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Szabo, DT (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, US EPA, MD B143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM szabo@email.unc.edu FU University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill; United States Environmental Protection Agency [CR 833237] FX University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill and the United States Environmental Protection Agency predoctoral training grants (CR 833237). NR 32 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 8 U2 38 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 117 IS 2 BP 282 EP 293 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq183 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 653AZ UT WOS:000282055900005 PM 20562218 ER PT J AU Rotroff, DM Wetmore, BA Dix, DJ Ferguson, SS Clewell, HJ Houck, KA LeCluyse, EL Andersen, ME Judson, RS Smith, CM Sochaski, MA Kavlock, RJ Boellmann, F Martin, MT Reif, DM Wambaugh, JF Thomas, RS AF Rotroff, Daniel M. Wetmore, Barbara A. Dix, David J. Ferguson, Stephen S. Clewell, Harvey J. Houck, Keith A. LeCluyse, Edward L. Andersen, Melvin E. Judson, Richard S. Smith, Cornelia M. Sochaski, Mark A. Kavlock, Robert J. Boellmann, Frank Martin, Matthew T. Reif, David M. Wambaugh, John F. Thomas, Russell S. TI Incorporating Human Dosimetry and Exposure into High-Throughput In Vitro Toxicity Screening SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE reverse dosimetry; human exposure; ToxCast; high-throughput screening ID HEALTH-RISK ASSESSMENT; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; 21ST-CENTURY IMPLICATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; VIVO EXTRAPOLATION; PREDICTION; CLEARANCE; PHARMACOKINETICS; VISION; OXYTETRACYCLINE AB Many chemicals in commerce today have undergone limited or no safety testing. To reduce the number of untested chemicals and prioritize limited testing resources, several governmental programs are using high-throughput in vitro screens for assessing chemical effects across multiple cellular pathways. In this study, metabolic clearance and plasma protein binding were experimentally measured for 35 ToxCast phase I chemicals. The experimental data were used to parameterize a population-based in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation model for estimating the human oral equivalent dose necessary to produce a steady-state in vivo concentration equivalent to in vitro AC(50) (concentration at 50% of maximum activity) and LEC (lowest effective concentration) values from the ToxCast data. For 23 of the 35 chemicals, the range of oral equivalent doses for up to 398 ToxCast assays was compared with chronic aggregate human oral exposure estimates in order to assess whether significant in vitro bioactivity occurred within the range of maximum expected human oral exposure. Only 2 of the 35 chemicals, triclosan and pyrithiobac-sodium, had overlapping oral equivalent doses and estimated human oral exposures. Ranking by the potencies of the AC(50) and LEC values, these two chemicals would not have been at the top of a prioritization list. Integrating both dosimetry and human exposure information with the high-throughput toxicity screening efforts provides a better basis for making informed decisions on chemical testing priorities and regulatory attention. Importantly, these tools are necessary to move beyond hazard rankings to estimates of possible in vivo responses based on in vitro screens. C1 [Rotroff, Daniel M.; Dix, David J.; Houck, Keith A.; Judson, Richard S.; Kavlock, Robert J.; Martin, Matthew T.; Reif, David M.; Wambaugh, John F.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rotroff, Daniel M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Wetmore, Barbara A.; Clewell, Harvey J.; Andersen, Melvin E.; Sochaski, Mark A.; Boellmann, Frank; Thomas, Russell S.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Ferguson, Stephen S.; LeCluyse, Edward L.; Smith, Cornelia M.] CellzDirect Invitrogen Corp, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Thomas, RS (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, POB 12137,6 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM rthomas@thehamner.org RI Martin, Matthew/A-1982-2013; OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-8096-9908; LeCluyse, Edward/0000-0002-2149-8990; Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811; Thomas, Russell/0000-0002-2340-0301; Wambaugh, John/0000-0002-4024-534X; Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633; Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767 FU University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill [EPA CR83323601] FX Funding for the research performed at The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, including plasma protein binding measurements, analytical chemistry analysis, computational in vitro-to-in vivo modeling, and PK modeling, was provided by the American Chemistry Council's Long-Range Research Initiative. EPA CR83323601-DESE Cooperative Training Agreement with the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to D.M.R. NR 48 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 117 IS 2 BP 348 EP 358 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq220 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 653AZ UT WOS:000282055900011 PM 20639261 ER PT J AU Boellmann, F Zhang, L Clewell, HJ Schroth, GP Kenyon, EM Andersen, ME Thomas, RS AF Boellmann, Frank Zhang, Lu Clewell, Harvey J. Schroth, Gary P. Kenyon, Elaina M. Andersen, Melvin E. Thomas, Russell S. TI Genome-wide Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Changes in the Mouse Lung following Subchronic Arsenate Exposure SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE arsenic; microarray; lung; pulmonary or respiratory system; DNA methylation; toxicogenomics; epigenetics ID MALONYL-COA DECARBOXYLASE; DRINKING-WATER; HUMAN TISSUES; STEM-CELLS; CANCER; MICE; PULMONARY; INHIBITION; DISEASE; HYPOMETHYLATION AB Alterations in DNA methylation have been proposed as a mechanism for the complex toxicological effects of arsenic. In this study, whole-genome DNA methylation and gene expression changes were evaluated in lungs from female mice exposed for 90 days to 50 ppm arsenate (As) in drinking water. DNA methylation changes were measured using reduced representation bisulfite deep sequencing. Differential methylation was observed in approximately 700 and 1900 start and transcribed regions, respectively. The start regions showed bias toward decreased methylation. No bias was observed in the transcribed region. A comparison of absolute methylation levels in the control animals with treatment-related changes in methylation showed that baseline methylation levels play a role in determining which genes are methylated. Genes with low absolute methylation levels in the start region showed a trend toward increased As-related methylation and decreased expression. Genes with high levels of methylation in the transcribed region showed a trend toward decreased As-related methylation, but no change in expression. No overall correlation between treatment-related changes in methylation and expression was identified. Among genes showing differential methylation in the start region and differential expression, only 57% showed an inverse correlation. The results suggest that differential methylation following As treatment may only play a permissive role in regulating expression. Despite the low correlation, the subset of 17 genes that showed an inverse relationship between As-related methylation and expression included a substantial number that has been demonstrated to play a functional role in cancer-related processes and other effects consistent with arsenic exposure. C1 [Boellmann, Frank; Clewell, Harvey J.; Andersen, Melvin E.; Thomas, Russell S.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Zhang, Lu; Clewell, Harvey J.] Illumina Inc, Hayward, CA 94545 USA. [Kenyon, Elaina M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Thomas, RS (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM rthomas@thehamner.org OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811; Thomas, Russell/0000-0002-2340-0301 FU American Chemistry Council's Long-Range Research Initiative; Electric Power Research Institute [EP-P15532/C7711] FX American Chemistry Council's Long-Range Research Initiative; Electric Power Research Institute (EP-P15532/C7711). NR 66 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 117 IS 2 BP 404 EP 417 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq225 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 653AZ UT WOS:000282055900016 PM 20667999 ER PT J AU Evans, MV Caldwell, JC AF Evans, Marina V. Caldwell, Jane C. TI Comment on MV Evans and JC Caldwell: Evaluation of two different metabolic hypotheses for dichloromethane toxicity using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of in vivo gas uptake data exposure in female B6C3F1 mice, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 244,280-290,2010 Response SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID METHYLENE-CHLORIDE; RISK; RELEVANCE; KINETICS C1 [Evans, Marina V.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Caldwell, Jane C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Evans, MV (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM evans.marina@epa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 248 IS 1 BP 65 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2010.07.011 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 652HS UT WOS:000281995100009 ER PT J AU Shafer, TJ Hughes, MF AF Shafer, Timothy J. Hughes, Michael F. TI Accumulation of pyrethroid compounds in primary cultures from rat cortex SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE Pyrethroids; Primary cell culture; Cortex; Brain ID CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENT ACCUMULATION; XENOPUS-LAEVIS OOCYTES; SODIUM-CHANNELS; IN-VITRO; INSECTICIDES; METHYLMERCURY; CYPERMETHRIN; NEURONS; CELLS AB Recent studies have demonstrated that lipophilic compounds (e.g., methylmercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs)) rapidly accumulate in cells in culture to concentrations much higher than in the surrounding media. Primary cultures of neurons have been widely utilized to study the actions of pyrethroids, yet pyrethroid accumulation in these cells has not been studied to date. To test the hypothesis that pyrethroids rapidly accumulate in neurons in vitro, the time (0-90 min) and concentration (0.05-10 mu M) dependent accumulation of [(3)H]-deltamethrin (DM), [(3)H]-bifenthrin (BF) and [(14)C]-cis permethrin (PM) into primary cortical cultures was examined. Accumulation of all three pyrethroids was time- and concentration-dependent, with only small differences observed between the compounds. Concentration-dependent accumulation of PM and BF were similar, achieving a of total similar to 0.25 nmol in cells after 30 min in a 10 mu M solution. DM accumulation was lower, reaching a maximum of 0.14 nmol after 30 min in a 10 mu M solution. In 1 mu M solutions, DM and PM content in cells were 0.039 and 0.038 nmol after 90 min. At all concentrations and times, pyrethroid accumulation in cells was less than 5% of the total mass applied for DM and PM, and was less than 8% for BF. However, after 90 min, accumulation of all three compounds increased to as much as similar to 30-50-fold higher than the surrounding medium. The amount of compound recovered in the media at the end of incubation ranged from similar to 77% to 89%; the remainder (6-15%) was presumed to bind to the plastic of the culture plates. These results demonstrate rapid time- and concentration-dependent accumulation of pyrethroids in neurons in vitro. Further, for the three pyrethroids examined, there were not statistically significant differences in their accumulation. This data will be useful for making comparisons between in vivo and in vitro studies regarding effective concentrations of pyrethroids. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shafer, Timothy J.; Hughes, Michael F.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Shafer, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD105-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shafer.tim@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 IS 7 BP 2053 EP 2057 DI 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.08.016 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 672FD UT WOS:000283567500021 PM 20800091 ER PT J AU Cyterski, M Prieto, L AF Cyterski, Mike Prieto, Lourdes TI Creating a Population of 12-Digit Headwater Basins within the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuary System SO TRANSACTIONS IN GIS LA English DT Article AB Ecological research within the US Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development has recently changed its focus to quantifying and mapping ecosystem services provided to humans. Our local research group has been charged to develop a regional assessment of several ecosystem services in the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuary System (APES). Time, data, and funding constraints precluded explicit modeling of the entire APES, so in Phase 1 of our research plan we chose to model ecosystem services in a random sample of headwater catchments. After observing numerous inconsistencies between the National Hydrography Dataset-Plus (NHDPlus) stream network and the Virginia/North Carolina Watershed Boundary Dataset 12-digit HUC coverage, we began by creating modified 12-digit hydrologic units (HUCs) by aggregating smaller catchments delineated within the NHDPlus. In defining our population of interest (headwater 12-digit HUCs with perennial, natural, wadeable pour points), we generally excluded HUCs that had multiple pour points, no pour points, or whose pour points were intermittent streams, artificial segments, ditches/canals, or lentic systems (lakes and reservoirs). After taking these actions, 318 HUCs remained and a stratified random sample (Omnerik ecoregions as strata) of 50 HUCs was chosen from this population. C1 [Cyterski, Mike] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Cyterski, M (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM cyterski.mike@epa.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1361-1682 J9 T GIS JI Trans. GIS PD OCT PY 2010 VL 14 IS 5 BP 581 EP 593 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2010.01214.x PG 13 WC Geography SC Geography GA 784YS UT WOS:000292195200002 ER PT J AU Goulding, G Barrack, B Jaligoma, G Muneer, A Narayanaswamy, K Radhakrishnan, V AF Goulding, Gunilla Barrack, Bill Jaligoma, Gopi Muneer, Alie Narayanaswamy, Karthik Radhakrishnan, Venkat TI Urban Wet-Weather Flows SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE urban wet-weather; urban runoff; urban; drainage; CSO; SSO; overflows; water quality ID GARIEPINUS TELEOSTEI CLARIIDAE; LAKE VICTORIA BASIN; RIVER WATER-QUALITY; STORMWATER RUNOFF; TIME-SERIES; MACROINVERTEBRATE INDEX; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; LAND-USE; FLOOD INUNDATION; DRAINAGE SYSTEMS AB This literature review summarizes significant technical literature published in 2009 regarding the field of urban wet-weather flows. The review addresses characterization, pollution sources, monitoring and sampling, surface and groundwater impacts, decision support systems, regulatory policies, and control and treatment technologies. C1 [Goulding, Gunilla; Barrack, Bill] Malcolm Pirnie Inc, Schaumburg, IL 60173 USA. [Jaligoma, Gopi] Omni Environm LLC, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Muneer, Alie] US EPA, Reg Water Div 5, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Narayanaswamy, Karthik] URS Corp, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA. [Radhakrishnan, Venkat] Malcolm Pirnie Inc, Phoenix, AZ 85008 USA. RP Goulding, G (reprint author), Malcolm Pirnie Inc, 1515 E Woodfield Rd,Suite 360, Schaumburg, IL 60173 USA. EM ggoulding@pirnie.com; bbarrack@pirnie.com; GJaligama@Omni-Env.com; muneer.alie@epa.gov; karthik_narayanaswamy@urscorp.com; vradhakrishnan@pirnie.com NR 201 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 22 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 82 IS 10 BP 941 EP 996 DI 10.2175/106143010X12756668800816 PG 56 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 675OI UT WOS:000283839600005 ER PT J AU Fetscher, AE Sutula, MA Callaway, JC Parker, VT Vasey, MC Collins, JN Nelson, WG AF Fetscher, A. Elizabeth Sutula, Martha A. Callaway, John C. Parker, V. Thomas Vasey, Michael C. Collins, Joshua N. Nelson, Walter G. TI Patterns in Estuarine Vegetation Communities in Two Regions of California: Insights from a Probabilistic Survey SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP); Monitoring; Plant zonation; Salt marsh ID SALICORNIA-VIRGINICA L; SPARTINA-FOLIOSA TRIN; COASTAL SALT-MARSH; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; WETLANDS; WATER; USA; LOUISIANA; SALINITY; RIVER AB Monitoring wetlands at the ecoregion level provides information beyond the site scale and can inform regional prioritization of management and restoration projects. Our study was a component of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's 2002 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program Western Pilot and is the first quantitative comparison of regional condition of California estuarine wetland plant communities. We measured indicators of estuarine emergent wetland condition in southern California and San Francisco Bay at probabilistically selected sites. In southern California, we also assessed potential anthropogenic stressors (presence of modified tidal hydrology, intensity of surrounding land use, and population density). Southern California salt marsh exhibited higher species diversity and greater percent cover of invasives. Seven of eight common plant species showed less variation in their distributions (zonation) across the marsh in southern California than in San Francisco Bay. Modified tidal hydrology was associated with absence, in our data, of certain native species, and higher relative percent cover of invasives across the marsh; however, our measures of landscape-level anthropogenic stress did not correlate with cover of invasives. We discuss lessons learned regarding the use of probabilistic site selection combined with our spatially complex data-collection arrays, and comment on utility of our protocol and indicators. C1 [Fetscher, A. Elizabeth; Sutula, Martha A.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Callaway, John C.] Univ San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. [Parker, V. Thomas; Vasey, Michael C.] San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Collins, Joshua N.] San Francisco Estuary Inst, Oakland, CA 94621 USA. [Nelson, Walter G.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Fetscher, AE (reprint author), So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd,Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. EM bettyf@sccwrp.org RI Callaway, John/G-1740-2011 FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Diana Benner, Emily Briscoe, Xavier Fernandez, Amy Langston, Leslie Lazarotti, and David Wright for assisting with field work. Stephen Weisberg provided valuable input on conceptual approach and statistical design. Steven Pennings, Joy Zedler, Allen Herlihy, Eric Stein, Kenneth Schiff, and an anonymous reviewer gave valuable comments on the manuscript. Raphael Mazor assisted with data analysis, and Erik Mickelson with graphics. This work was supported by a National Coastal Assessment Grant from the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD OCT PY 2010 VL 30 IS 5 BP 833 EP 846 DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0096-9 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 691VW UT WOS:000285109900001 ER PT J AU Caruso, BS Haynes, J AF Caruso, Brian S. Haynes, Joshua TI Connectivity and Jurisdictional Issues for Rocky Mountains and Great Plains Aquatic Resources SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Wetlands; Intermittent; Ephemeral; Streams ID ISOLATED WETLANDS; HEADWATER STREAMS; WATER-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-DAKOTA; PRAIRIE; REGION AB Understanding the connectivity between wetlands and headwater intermittent and ephemeral streams with downstream navigable waters has become a critical focus for U.S. Clean Water Act protection. Recent Supreme Court decisions resulted in a new interpretation and federal agency guidance for how to assess jurisdiction over waters of the U.S. under Section 404 (dredge and fill permits). For jurisdictional determinations (JDs) of waters considered to be 'geographically isolated' or requiring an evaluation of their 'significant nexus' to navigable waters, coordination between the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Army Corps of Engineers (COE) is required. EPA Region 8 evaluated all coordinated JDs during the first year of guidance implementation from June 2007 to June 2008. The region includes the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and parts of the Colorado Plateau, including portions of 20 Level III Ecoregions. Approximately 54% of all stream miles are 1st-order channels, and 77% are intermittent. During the period, JDs for 1,265 individual waters from three COE districts were evaluated, resulting in 793 wetlands, 12 streams, and 18 water bodies considered non-jurisdictional due to isolation. Significant nexus evaluation was required for 441 waters, of which 49 wetlands, 66 streams and 14 other water bodies were considered non-jurisdictional. C1 [Caruso, Brian S.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Haynes, Joshua] Summit Tech Serv, Denver, CO 80209 USA. RP Caruso, BS (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Civil & Nat Resources Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM brian.caruso@canterbury.ac.nz NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD OCT PY 2010 VL 30 IS 5 BP 865 EP 877 DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0084-0 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 691VW UT WOS:000285109900004 ER PT J AU Lane, CR D'Amico, E AF Lane, Charles R. D'Amico, Ellen TI Calculating the Ecosystem Service of Water Storage in Isolated Wetlands using LiDAR in North Central Florida, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Modeling; Morphology; Nexus; Volume ID MAXIMUM DAILY LOADS; UNITED-STATES; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; CLASSIFICATION; LANDSCAPES; DEPTH; PHOSPHORUS; VALUATION; ACCURACY; SYSTEMS AB We used remotely-sensed Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data to estimate potential water storage capacity of isolated wetlands in north central Florida. Data were used to calculate the water storage potential of >8500 polygons identified as isolated wetlands. We found that isolated wetlands in this area stored 1619 m(3)/ha on average, with a median measure of 876 m(3)/ha. Significant differences in average storage capacity were found depending on wetland type, ranging from 1283 m(3)/ha in palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands to 2906 m(3)/ha in palustrine aquatic bed wetlands. Our study tested LiDAR-derived volume measures and volumes calculated using currently available equations in landscapes with differing surficial geology formations (e. g., clayey sand, limestone) and found that accuracy improved when basin morphology, a function of near-surface geology, was included. An exponential equation was developed that accurately correlated isolated wetland area and volume in our study area, but overestimated volume by an average of 45% when tested with a small independent dataset from the same ecoregion. Results from this study can be used in hydrologic modeling at the landscape scale to estimate ecosystem services and may prove useful in determining the significant nexus between isolated wetlands and navigable waters. C1 [Lane, Charles R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [D'Amico, Ellen] US EPA, Dynamac Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lane, CR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 642, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lane.charles@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-06-096] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract number EP-D-06-096 to Dynamac Corporation. Although reviewed by the EPA and approved for publication, this manuscript does not necessarily reflect official EPA policy. We appreciated the insightful comments from Rick McKinney, U.S. EPA, and two anonymous reviewers that improved the manuscript. We thank Brian Murphy, John Craig, and Jeremy Conner at 3001, Inc. for the information on the LiDAR overflights and the Alachua County Appraiser's Office for providing the LiDAR data. Karen Blocksom, U.S. EPA, assisted with statistical planning and interpretations and Justicia Rhodus, Dynamac Corporation, provided technical review and editing services, although any inadequacies in this manuscript remain our own. NR 69 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD OCT PY 2010 VL 30 IS 5 BP 967 EP 977 DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0085-z PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 691VW UT WOS:000285109900013 ER PT J AU Johnson, BR Haas, A Fritz, KM AF Johnson, B. R. Haas, A. Fritz, K. M. TI Use of spatially explicit physicochemical data to measure downstream impacts of headwater stream disturbance SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RIVER CONTINUUM; CHEMISTRY; NETWORKS; PATTERNS; EFFLUENT; DISTANCE; SYSTEMS; VALLEY; TOOLS AB Regulatory agencies need methods to quantify the influence of headwater streams on downstream water quality as a result of litigation surrounding jurisdictional criteria and the influence of mountaintop removal coal mining activities. We collected comprehensive, spatially referenced physicochemical data (pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and specific conductance) from the partially mined Buckhorn Creek, KY, watershed in summer 2005 (n = 239 sites) and spring 2006 (n = 494 sites). We found conductivity was > 10X higher in mined streams than in forested streams. Semivariograms, which quantify the degree of spatial dependence in chemistry values, indicated summer temperatures in both mined and unmined portions of the watershed had similar lag distances (approximately 5 km). Data for other parameters and seasons, however, violated model assumptions because of strong confluence effects in headwaters. We therefore developed a post hoc predictive model for water physicochemistry downstream of confluences using watershed areas as weighting factors. This weighted average model accurately predicted downstream conductivity (mean absolute error, MAE = 55.34 mu S cm(-1)), pH (MAE = 0.16 units), and temperature (MAE = 0.41 degrees C) for confluences in Buckhorn Creek and two additional watersheds with headwater disturbance in West Virginia and Ohio. Use of semivariograms or predictive confluence models can help regulatory agents identify downstream influence of headwater streams and presence of a "significant nexus" with downstream waters. C1 [Johnson, B. R.; Fritz, K. M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Haas, A.] Comp Sci Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. RP Johnson, BR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,Mail Stop 642, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM johnson.brent@epa.gov RI Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Water, Washington, D.C.; [EP-D-06-096] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Water, Washington, D.C. Special thanks to Erica Grimmett, Mark Berninger, Melissa Keckeis, Molly Reif, and Ellen D'Amico of Dynamac (contract EP-D-06-096) for assistance with field data collection and GIS applications. We also thank Chris Barton and the University of Kentucky, Department of Forestry, for help with site access and data collection. We thank Karen Blocksom for statistical consultation and three anonymous reviewers for providing comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 22 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W09526 DI 10.1029/2009WR008417 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 759MN UT WOS:000290249800001 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, BR Lytle, DA Garno, JC AF Lewandowski, Brian R. Lytle, Darren A. Garno, Jayne C. TI Nanoscale Investigation of the Impact of pH and Orthophosphate on the Corrosion of Copper Surfaces in Water SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE SOLUTION; IN-SITU AFM; ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION; PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES; PHOSPHATE INHIBITION; STAINLESS-STEEL; SULFURIC-ACID; CARBON-STEEL; ANIONS; IRON AB Advanced surface characterization techniques were used to systematically investigate either the corrosion or passivation of copper after immersion in water as impacted by pH and orthophosphate water chemistries Atomic force microscopy, depth profiling with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction were used to evaluate changes in sui face chemistry of copper surfaces resulting from various chemical treatments Nanoscale differences in surface morphology ale clearly evident after 6 and 24 h immersion in water samples Orthophosphate and pH dramatically influence the evolution and progression of changes during surface corrosion For example, in the absence of orthophosphate the surface of copper exposed to water at pH 6 had formed relatively large cubic crystals on the surface up to 400 nm in height In the presence of orthophosphate. the morphology and growth rate of corrosion byproduct changed dramatically, and the formation of identifiable crystals diminished These investigations provide insight into the mechanisms of surface passivation and the evolution or nanoscale mineral deposits on surfaces at very early stages of the corrosion of copper surfaces in water C1 [Lewandowski, Brian R.; Garno, Jayne C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lytle, Darren A.] US EPA, NRMRL, WSWRD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Garno, JC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. FU NSF sponsored Center for Biomodulai Multi-Scale Systems; State of Louisiana Board of Regents [LEQSF(2006-09)-RD-A-04] FX The authors acknowledge support from the NSF sponsored Center for Biomodulai Multi-Scale Systems and the State of Louisiana Board of Regents, Research competitiveness subprogram, LEQSF(2006-09)-RD-A-04 We also thank S L Daniels, J -R Li, and K I Lusker for helpful discussions NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 21 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 18 BP 14671 EP 14679 DI 10.1021/la102624n PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 648JV UT WOS:000281690600044 PM 20799694 ER PT J AU Latimer, JS Charpentier, MA AF Latimer, James S. Charpentier, Michael A. TI Nitrogen inputs to seventy-four southern New England estuaries: Application of a watershed nitrogen loading model SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE estuaries; nitrogen; watersheds; eutrophication; new england ID LONG-ISLAND SOUND; NARRAGANSETT-BAY; UNITED-STATES; EUTROPHICATION; VERIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; DEPOSITION; QUALITY; USA AB Excess nitrogen inputs to estuaries have been linked to deteriorating water quality and habitat conditions which in turn have direct and indirect impacts on aquatic organisms. This paper describes the application of a previously verified watershed loading model to estimate total nitrogen loading rates and relative source contributions to 74 small-medium sized embayment-type estuaries in southern New England. The study estuaries exhibited a gradient in nitrogen inputs of a factor of over 7000. On an areal basis, the range represented a gradient of approximately a factor of 140. Therefore, all other factors being equal, the study design is sufficient to evaluate ecological effects conceptually tied to excess nitrogen along a nitrogen gradient. In addition to providing total loading inputs rates to the study estuaries, the model provides an estimate of the relative contribution of the nitrogen sources from each watershed to each associated estuary. Cumulative results of this analysis reveal the following source ranking (means): direct atmospheric deposition (37%), approximate to wastewater (36%), >indirect atmospheric deposition (16%) > fertilizer (12%). However, for any particular estuary the relative magnitudes of these source types vary dramatically. Together with scientific evidence on symptoms of eutrophication, the results of this paper can be used to develop empirical pressure-state models to determine critical nitrogen loading limits for the protection of estuarine water quality. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Latimer, James S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Charpentier, Michael A.] Raytheon Informat Solut, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Latimer, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM latimer.jim@epa.gov; charpentier.mike@epa.gov RI Latimer, James/C-1632-2009 OI Latimer, James/0000-0002-6722-520X FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX The research described in this article was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency, but it has not been subjected to Agency review. It does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. AED contribution number AED-09-036. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD SEP 20 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 2 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2010.06.006 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 645YB UT WOS:000281501000001 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, EJ Gao, XA Weisskopf, MG Chen, HL Schwarzschild, MA Spiegelman, D Ascherio, A AF O'Reilly, Ellis J. Gao, Xiang Weisskopf, Marc G. Chen, Honglei Schwarzschild, Michael A. Spiegelman, Donna Ascherio, Alberto TI Plasma Urate and Parkinson's Disease in Women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE case-control studies; Parkinson disease; uric acid ID URIC-ACID LEVELS; RISK; CONSUMPTION; PREDICTOR; CAFFEINE; ESTROGEN; NEURONS; HEALTH AB Plasma urate has been consistently associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease in men, but it is less clear if this relation exists in women. Between 1990 and 2004, the authors conducted a nested case-control study among participants of the female-only Nurses' Health Study. In controls (n = 504), plasma urate was positively associated with age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and use of diuretics and was inversely associated with physical activity and postmenopausal hormone use, as expected. Mean urate levels were 5.04 mg/dL for cases (n = 101) and 4.86 mg/dL for controls (P = 0.17). The age-, smoking-, and caffeine-adjusted rate ratio comparing women in the highest (>= 5.8 mg/dL) with those in the lowest (<4.0 mg/dL) quartile was 1.33 (95% confidence interval: 0.69, 2.57; P(trend) = 0.4). Further adjustment for body mass index, physical activity, history of hypertension, and postmenopausal hormone use did not change the results. Unlike in men, these findings do not support the hypothesis that urate is strongly associated with lower rates of Parkinson's disease among women. C1 [O'Reilly, Ellis J.; Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [O'Reilly, Ellis J.; Weisskopf, Marc G.; Spiegelman, Donna; Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Weisskopf, Marc G.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Chen, Honglei] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Spiegelman, Donna] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Schwarzschild, Michael A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Gao, Xiang; Ascherio, Alberto] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. [Gao, Xiang; Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP O'Reilly, EJ (reprint author), Room 305,Bldg 2,655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM eoreilly@hsph.harvard.edu OI Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 FU National Institutes of Health [K24NS060991]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES-101986] FX The study was supported in part by grant K24NS060991 (M. A. S.) and the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health and by grant Z01-ES-101986 (H. C.) from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 172 IS 6 BP 666 EP 670 DI 10.1093/aje/kwq195 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 651TD UT WOS:000281949100008 PM 20682521 ER PT J AU Antemir, A Hills, CD Carey, PJ Gardner, KH Bates, ER Crumbie, AK AF Antemir, Aurora Hills, Colin D. Carey, Paula J. Gardner, Kevin H. Bates, Edward R. Crumbie, Alison K. TI Long-term performance of aged waste forms treated by stabilization/solidification SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Stabilization/solidification; Microstructure; Mineralogy; Carbonation; Ettringite; Leaching ID DELAYED ETTRINGITE FORMATION; SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION; AGGREGATE; CONCRETE; SOILS AB Current regulatory testing of stabilized/solidified (S/S) soils is based on short-term performance tests and is insufficient to determine their long-term stability or expected service life. In view of this, and the significant lack of data on long-term field performance in the literature, S/S material has been extracted from full-scale remedial operations and examined using a variety of analytical techniques to evaluate field performance. The results, including those from X-ray analytical techniques, optical and electron microscopy and leaching tests are presented and discussed. The microstructure of retrieved samples was found to be analogous to other cement-based materials, but varied according to the soil type, the contaminants present, the treatment applied and the field exposure conditions. Summary of the key microstructural features in the USA and UK is presented in this work. The work has shown that during 16 years of service the S/S wastes investigated performed satisfactorily. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Antemir, Aurora; Hills, Colin D.; Carey, Paula J.] Univ Greenwich, Ctr Contaminated Land Remediat, Sch Sci, Chatham ME4 4TB, England. [Gardner, Kevin H.] Univ New Hampshire, Environm Res Grp, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Bates, Edward R.] US EPA, Risk Reduct Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Crumbie, Alison K.] EGIS Geotech, EGIS Struct & Environm, F-38180 Seyssins, France. RP Antemir, A (reprint author), Univ Greenwich, Ctr Contaminated Land Remediat, Sch Sci, Cent Ave, Chatham ME4 4TB, England. EM a.antemir@gre.ac.uk RI Gardner, Kevin/A-8064-2011; Hills, Colin/C-2012-2008; OI Gardner, Kevin/0000-0002-3848-0674 FU SITA Environmental UK; Portland Cement Association; Environmental Geotechnics Ltd; Welsh Assembly; CLA:RE and Celtic Technologies Ltd FX This work was carried out as part of an extensive multinational project (PASSiFy) to investigate the behavior with time of S/S soils obtained from full-scale remedial operations in Europe and North America. The authors would like to thank SITA Environmental UK and the Portland Cement Association, Environmental Geotechnics Ltd, The Welsh Assembly, CLA:RE and Celtic Technologies Ltd for their financial support, and the US EPA, Environment Agency and ADEME for their invaluable help. The many contributors to PASSiFy (Eureka Sigma 3308!), include Halton Borough Council and Georgia Power. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 181 IS 1-3 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.082 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 634RM UT WOS:000280601300009 PM 20510507 ER PT J AU Simon, KC Gao, XA Chen, HL Schwarzschild, MA Ascherio, A AF Simon, Kelly Claire Gao, Xiang Chen, Honglei Schwarzschild, Michael A. Ascherio, Alberto TI Calcium Channel Blocker Use and Risk of Parkinson's Disease SO MOVEMENT DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE calcium channel blockers; Parkinson's disease; antihypertensive ID NEURONAL VULNERABILITY; ANTIHYPERTENSIVES AB We investigated whether the use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) was associated with a reduced risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in two large prospective cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals' Follow- Up Study (HPFS). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the association between use of CCBs and risk of PD adjusting for potential confounders. We identified 514 incident cases of PD during follow-up. No association between baseline use of CCBs (RR 5 1.18, 95% CI: 0.731.92), frequency of use or duration of use of CCBs and PD risk was observed (P > 0.2 for all). These findings do not support a role for CCBs in providing neuroprotection against development of PD. (C) 2010 Movement Disorder Society C1 [Simon, Kelly Claire; Gao, Xiang; Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Gao, Xiang; Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Brigham & Womens Hosp,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Chen, Honglei] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Schwarzschild, Michael A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Simon, KC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, 665 Huntington Ave,Bldg 2,3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM ksimon@hsph.harvard.edu OI Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 FU NIH/NINDS [R01 NS048517]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute of Health [Z01ES101986]; National Institute of Health/National Research Service [T32 ES016645-01]; NHI/NINDS [R01 NS062879-01A2]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH [Z01ES101986]; Department of Defense/USAMRAA; RJG Foundation; Fox Foundation; American Parkinson's Disease Association; Parkinson's Disease Foundation; The Parkinson Study Group; University of Rochester; Harvard University; DoD (Department of the Army) [W81XWH-05-1-0117; 20052009] FX This work was supported by grant NIH/NINDS R01 NS048517 and in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Institute of Health (Z01ES101986).; K.C.S. was supported in 2009 by a National Institute of Health/National Research Service Award grant (T32 ES016645-01). X.G.: Advisory boards: Monitoring Committee of the Parkinson Study Group; Employment: Instructor in Medicine at Harvard Medical School; Research Scientist at Harvard School of Public Health; Associate Epidemiologist, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Grants: NHI/NINDS grant "Prospective study of restless legs syndrome'' (R01 NS062879-01A2), role: PI. H.C. is an employee of the federal government and has received funding from the intramural research program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH (Z01ES101986). M.A.S.: Employment: Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University; Grant support: NIH/NINDS, Department of Defense/USAMRAA, RJG Foundation, Hartford Foundation/American Federation for Aging Research, Michael J. Fox Foundation, American Parkinson's Disease Association, Parkinson's Disease Foundation, The Parkinson Study Group, University of Rochester, Harvard University; Honoraria: Emory University, University of Pennsylvania. A.A.: Scientific advisory boards: Michael J. Fox Foundation 2008-2009; Editorial advisory boards: Neurology, Associate Editor 2008-2009; Annals of Neurology, Associate Editor 2008-2009; Honoraria: From Merck-Serono for scientific presentation 2009-12-15; Grants: DoD (Department of the Army) W81XWH-05-1-0117; 20052009; Role: PI; NIH R01 NS045893; 2006-2011; Role: PI; NIH R01 NS047467; 2005-2009; Role: PI; NIH R01 NS48517; 2005-2010; Role: PI; NIH/NINDS R01 NS042194; 2005-2010; Role: PI; NIH R01 NS046635; 2008-2013; Role: PI; DoD: No Award Number; 2008-2011; Role: PI; Michael J. Fox Foundation: No Award Number; 2008-2012; Role: Co-PI. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0885-3185 J9 MOVEMENT DISORD JI Mov. Disord. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1818 EP 1822 DI 10.1002/mds.23191 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 655VN UT WOS:000282283100007 PM 20669249 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Park, Y Huang, X Umbach, D Hollenbeck, A Blair, A Schatzkin, A Chen, H AF Xu, Q. Park, Y. Huang, X. Umbach, D. Hollenbeck, A. Blair, A. Schatzkin, A. Chen, H. TI Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Parkinson's Disease SO MOVEMENT DISORDERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Park, Y.; Blair, A.; Schatzkin, A.] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Umbach, D.; Chen, H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-3185 J9 MOVEMENT DISORD JI Mov. Disord. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 25 SU 3 BP S615 EP S615 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 655WO UT WOS:000282286300172 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Park, Y Huang, X Hollenbeck, A Blair, A Schatzkin, A Chen, H AF Xu, Q. Park, Y. Huang, X. Hollenbeck, A. Blair, A. Schatzkin, A. Chen, H. TI Multivitamin Use and Risk of Parkinson's Disease Among Older Adults SO MOVEMENT DISORDERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Xu, Q.] Beijing Union Med Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Park, Y.; Blair, A.; Schatzkin, A.] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Huang, X.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chen, H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-3185 J9 MOVEMENT DISORD JI Mov. Disord. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 25 SU 3 BP S615 EP S616 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 655WO UT WOS:000282286300173 ER PT J AU Wambaugh, JF AF Wambaugh, John F. TI Simple models for granular force networks SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Granular materials; Force networks; Fluctuations; Power law; Bond percolation ID FLUCTUATIONS; TRANSMISSION; PERCOLATION AB A remarkable feature of static granular matter is the distribution of force along intricate networks. Even regular inter-particle contact networks produce wildly inhomogeneous force networks where certain "chains" of particles carry forces far larger than the mean. Although the full information of each interparticle contact requires analysis of the stress tensor, potentially including friction and elasticity, there is a rich tradition of approximating these interactions with simple, scalar models that focus on the geometry of the system. In this paper, we briefly review past theoretical approaches to understanding the geometry of force networks. We then investigate the structure of experimentally derived granular force networks using a simple algorithm to obtain corresponding graphs. We compare our observations with the results of geometric models, including random bond percolation, which show similar spatial distributions without enforcing vector force balance. Our findings suggest that some aspects of the mean geometry of granular force networks may be captured by these simple descriptions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wambaugh, John F.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Wambaugh, John F.] Duke Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Wambaugh, John F.] Duke Univ, Ctr Nonlinear & Complex Syst, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Wambaugh, JF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wambaugh.john@epa.gov OI Wambaugh, John/0000-0002-4024-534X FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0137119, DMS-0204677]; NASA [NNC04GB08G] FX I thank John Reif for suggesting to study the applications of graph theory to force networks; Xiaobai Sun and Nikos Pitsianis for computer science advising; Richard Palmer, Josh Socolar, Brian Tighe and Trush Majmudar for helpful conversations; and especially thank my Ph.D. advisor Robert Behringer. This research was funded by National Science Foundation grants DMR-0137119 and DMS-0204677 and NASA grant NNC04GB08G. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 239 IS 18 BP 1818 EP 1826 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2010.06.005 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 644IB UT WOS:000281367300006 ER PT J AU Kostich, MS Batt, AL Glassmeyer, ST Lazorchak, JM AF Kostich, Mitchell S. Batt, Angela L. Glassmeyer, Susan T. Lazorchak, James M. TI Predicting variability of aquatic concentrations of human pharmaceuticals SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pharmaceutical; Antibiotic; Wastewater; Aquatic; Drinking water ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; US STREAMS; HORMONES; ENVIRONMENT AB Potential exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the aquatic environment is a subject of ongoing concern. We recently published maximum likely exposure rates for several hundred human prescription pharmaceuticals commonly used in the US. These rates were estimated from nationally aggregated marketing data and wastewater production rates. The accuracy of these estimates is unclear, and it is unclear how to use the national-level estimates of exposure to predict local exposure rates. In this study we compare our previous predicted environmental concentrations (PECs), which were based on marketing data, with PECs based on regulatory data. We then use local dispensing rates for 12 APIs along with local wastewater production rates to estimate the distribution of local PECs relative to national averages, in order to identify an 'application factor' suitable for converting national-level PECs into reliable bounds for local concentrations. We compare the national-level PECs and the proposed application factor with measured environmental concentrations (MECs) published in 62 recent peer-reviewed publications. Regulatory data-based national average PECs are uniformly lower than marketing data-based national average PECs, corroborating the intended conservative nature of the marketing data-based PECs. Variability in local API usage and wastewater production rates suggest local PECs may occasionally exceed national averages by about 10-fold. Multiplying national average PECs by an 'application factor' of 10 and comparing the resulting predicted maximum local PECs to published MEC data for 83 APIs corroborates the usefulness of 10-fold adjusted national PECs as a reasonable ceiling for measured environmental concentrations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kostich, Mitchell S.; Batt, Angela L.; Lazorchak, James M.] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Glassmeyer, Susan T.] US EPA, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kostich, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM kostich.mitchell@epa.gov RI Glassmeyer, Susan/E-5004-2017; OI Glassmeyer, Susan/0000-0002-0538-5793; Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. The authors are grateful to Christian Daughton, Karen Blocksom, Slacker Boozeman, and John Martinson for constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 20 BP 4504 EP 4510 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.06.015 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 651MJ UT WOS:000281931500028 PM 20619877 ER PT J AU Pelaez, M Falaras, P Likodimos, V Kontos, AG de la Cruz, AA O'shea, K Dionysiou, DD AF Pelaez, Miguel Falaras, Polycarpos Likodimos, Vlassis Kontos, Athanassios G. de la Cruz, Armah A. O'shea, Kevin Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Synthesis, structural characterization and evaluation of sol-gel-based NF-TiO2 films with visible light-photoactivation for the removal of microcystin-LR SO APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL LA English DT Article DE NF-TiO2; Fluorosurfactant; Sol-gel method; Dip-coating; Nitrogen doped; Fluorine doped; Microcystin-LR; Photocatalysis; Visible light; TiO2; EPR; Micro-Raman; Cyanotoxins; Water treatment; Sustainability ID NITROGEN-DOPED TIO2; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; RAMAN-SPECTRUM; NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2; ANATASE TIO2; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; PHASE-COMPOSITION AB This study reports on the synthesis, characterization and environmental application of immobilized nitrogen and fluorine co-doped TiO2 (NF-TiO2) photocatalyst. A fluorosurfactant-based sol-gel approach was employed to enhance the physicochemical properties and photocatalytic activity of NF-TiO2 under visible and UV light for the degradation of the hepatotoxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR). The films were characterized by XRD, environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), TEM. AFM, EPR, micro-Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS). UV-vis spectroscopy and porosimeter analysis. The results revealed that by modifying the molar ratio of the fluorosurfactant, we could effectively control the physicochemical properties and obtain films with high BET surface area and porosity, small crystallite size and narrow pore size distribution. UV-vis spectroscopy showed an increase in the absorption capacity of NF-TiO2 in the visible light range compared to reference films. The existence of interstitial nitrogen and substitutional fluorine in the titanium dioxide (TiO2) lattice was determined by XPS. Comparative EPR measurements between the co-doped and reference samples identified distinct N spin species in NF-TiO2, with a high sensitivity to visible light irradiation. The abundance of these paramagnetic centers verifies the formation of localized intra-gap states in TiO2 and implies synergistic effects between fluorine and nitrogen dopants. Micro-Raman spectroscopy showed the growth of small amounts of brookite concomitantly with the major anatase TiO2 phase, which could promote the system's photocatalytic activity through the formation of anatase/brookite heterojunctions. Analysis of the lower frequency E-g anatase Raman mode indicated the occurrence of size effects reflecting phonon confinement in the anatase nanocrystallites as well as deviations from stoichiometry due to structural defects in the co-doped sample. NF-TiO2 films effectively degraded MC-LR under visible and UV light compared to reference film. Similar MC-LR degradation rates under visible light after three cycles revealed high mechanical stability and no irreversible changes of the film during photocatalysis. This process has the potential of providing environmentally benign routes for drinking water treatment with solar powered photocatalytic systems. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pelaez, Miguel; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Falaras, Polycarpos; Likodimos, Vlassis; Kontos, Athanassios G.] NCSR Demokritos, Inst Phys Chem, Athens 15310, Greece. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [O'shea, Kevin] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R833223]; National Science Foundation [BES-0448117]; European Commission [227017] FX Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through grant/cooperative agreement (R833223) to Dionysios D. Dionysiou, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred.; This work was funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (R833223), the National Science Foundation through a CAREER award (BES-0448117) to Dionysios D. Dionysiou and the European Commission (Clean Water-Grant Agreement number 227017). Clean Water is a Collaborative Project co-funded by the Research DG of the European Commission within the joint RTD activities of the Environment and NMP Thematic Priorities/FP7. Dr. N. loannidis (NCSR Demokritos) is acknowledged for his expert assistance in the light-dependent EPR measurements. NR 69 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 11 U2 118 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-3373 J9 APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON JI Appl. Catal. B-Environ. PD SEP 9 PY 2010 VL 99 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 378 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.06.017 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 665DI UT WOS:000283015000002 ER PT J AU Mayer, P Grimm, N Lepczyk, C Pickett, S Pouyat, R Warren, P AF Mayer, Paul Grimm, Nancy Lepczyk, Christopher Pickett, Steward Pouyat, Richard Warren, Paige TI Urban ecosystems research joins mainstream ecology SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 [Mayer, Paul] US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Grimm, Nancy] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Grimm, Nancy] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA. [Lepczyk, Christopher] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI USA. [Pickett, Steward] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. [Pouyat, Richard] US Forest Serv, Res & Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Warren, Paige] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA USA. RP Mayer, P (reprint author), US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM mayer.paul@epa.gov RI Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009 OI Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X NR 0 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 50 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 9 PY 2010 VL 467 IS 7312 BP 153 EP 153 DI 10.1038/467153b PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 647KB UT WOS:000281616300014 PM 20829773 ER PT J AU Sigleo, AC Frick, WE Prieto, L AF Sigleo, Anne C. Frick, Walter E. Prieto, Lourdes TI Red Alder (Alnus rubra) Distribution Influences Nitrate Discharge to Coastal Estuaries: Comparison of Two Oregon Watersheds SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC ESTUARY; NITROGEN EXPORT; USA; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; RANGE; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; GRADIENT; EXCHANGE; HYPOXIA AB We determined nutrient export from the Yaquina and Alsea Rivers as part of a larger program for evaluating nutrient sources to coastal waters. The Yaquina and Alsea data indicated that one river typically contained twice the amount of dissolved nitrate-N, although temperature, conductivity and the concentrations of other nutrients were similar. We developed a nitrate export model using multiple linear regression (MLR) to analyze the discriminating variables that included nutrient concentrations and hardwood cover containing approximately 90% red alder (Alnus rubra), a nitrogen-fixing tree species. Using data from the Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study (CLAMS), hardwood cover was found to be most prevalent in the upper (gaged) Yaquina watershed. Estimated nitrate export was 2.02 Mg km(-2) y(-1) in the Yaquina and 1.24 Mg km(-2) y(-1) in the Alsea for 2006. However, the annual nitrate-N exported from the entire Alsea basin (1560 Mg) was slightly greater than that of the Yaquina basin (1320 Mg) since the Alsea is about twice as large with proportionally greater discharge. Various factors, including the relatively low nitrate concentrations in local rainfall and the lack of local primary anthropogenic sources, indicated that red alder density may be the primary source of higher concentrations in the Yaquina, relative to the Alsea River. The regression model developed in this study can provide a rapid estimate of nitrate-N export based on water discharge data and hardwood distribution in the Oregon Coast Range. C1 [Sigleo, Anne C.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Frick, Walter E.; Prieto, Lourdes] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sigleo, AC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Drive, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM acsigleo@yahoo.com NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2010 VL 84 IS 4 BP 336 EP 350 DI 10.3955/046.084.0403 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 701ET UT WOS:000285797800003 ER PT J AU Colford, JM Hilton, JF Wright, CC Arnold, BF Saha, S Wade, TJ Scott, J Eisenberg, JNS AF Colford, John M., Jr. Hilton, Joan F. Wright, Catherine C. Arnold, Benjamin F. Saha, Sona Wade, Timothy J. Scott, James Eisenberg, Joseph N. S. TI APPARENT BENEFIT OF WATER FILTERS MAY BE AN ARTIFACT OF STUDY DESIGN Response SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID REDUCE GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INTERVENTION C1 [Colford, John M., Jr.; Wright, Catherine C.; Arnold, Benjamin F.; Saha, Sona; Scott, James] Colby Coll, Dept Math, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. [Eisenberg, Joseph N. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hilton, Joan F.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Wade, Timothy J.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Colford, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 50 Univ Hall,MC 7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcolford@berkeley.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2010 VL 100 IS 9 BP 1558 EP 1559 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 638AY UT WOS:000280863100004 ER PT J AU Ankley, GT Jensen, KM Kahl, MD Durhan, EJ Makynen, EA Cavallin, JE Martinovic, D Wehmas, LC Mueller, ND Villeneuve, DL AF Ankley, Gerald T. Jensen, Kathleen M. Kahl, Michael D. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Cavallin, Jenna E. Martinovic, Dalma Wehmas, Leah C. Mueller, Nathaniel D. Villeneuve, Daniel L. TI Use of chemical mixtures to differentiate mechanisms of endocrine action in a small fish model SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fish; Endocrine-disrupting chemical; Mixtures; Anti-androgen ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FATHEAD MINNOW; ENVIRONMENTAL ANTIANDROGENS; BISPHENOL-A; CELL-LINE; ANDROGEN; TRICLOCARBAN; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; EXPRESSION; ESTRADIOL AB Various assays with adult fish have been developed to identify potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which may cause toxicity via alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis These assays can be sensitive and highly diagnostic for key mechanisms such as agonism of the estrogen and androgen receptors (ERs, ARs) and inhibition of steroid synthesis However, most of the tests do not unambiguously identify AR antagonists. The purpose of this work was to explore the utility of a mixture test design with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) for detecting different classes of EDCs including AR antagonists Adults of both sexes were exposed via the water to EDCs with diver se mechanisms of action in the absence or presence of 17 beta-trenbolone (TB), a potent AR agonist which masculinizes female fathead minnows. Similar to previous studies with the model AR antagonists flutamide and vinclozolin, exposure of females to the AR antagonist cyproterone acetate in the presence of TB decreased expression of an easily-observed masculinization response, nuptial tubercle formation Mixture studies with TB and the model ER agonists. 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol and bisphenol A. also showed inhibition of tubercle formation in the females, but unlike the AR antagonists, the estrogens markedly induced synthesis of vitellogenin(VTG egg yolk protein), particularly in males The ER agonists also offset TB-induced depressions in plasma VTG concentrations in female fish Additional mixture experiments were conducted with TB and triclocarban, an anti-microbial reported to enhance AR-mediated responses, or ammonia, a "negative control" with no known direct effects on HPG function. Neither chemical affected VTG status in males or females in the absence or presence of TB, however, both slightly enhanced TB-induced tubercle formation in females Based on studies described herein and elsewhere with the fathead minnow, a TB co-exposure assay appears to be an effective approach for clearly identifying AR antagonists as well as potential EDCs with other relevant mechanisms of action Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Ankley, Gerald T.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Kahl, Michael D.; Durhan, Elizabeth J.; Makynen, Elizabeth A.; Cavallin, Jenna E.; Martinovic, Dalma; Wehmas, Leah C.; Mueller, Nathaniel D.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RI Mueller, Nathaniel/E-5864-2010; OI Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 99 IS 3 BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.05.020 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 645VD UT WOS:000281493400009 PM 20573408 ER PT J AU Wang, LT Jang, C Zhang, Y Wang, K Zhang, QA Streets, D Fu, J Lei, Y Schreifels, J He, KB Hao, JM Lam, YF Lin, J Meskhidze, N Voorhees, S Evarts, D Phillips, S AF Wang, Litao Jang, Carey Zhang, Yang Wang, Kai Zhang, Qiang Streets, David Fu, Joshua Lei, Yu Schreifels, Jeremy He, Kebin Hao, Jiming Lam, Yun-Fat Lin, Jerry Meskhidze, Nicholas Voorhees, Scott Evarts, Dale Phillips, Sharon TI Assessment of air quality benefits from national air pollution control policies in China. Part I: Background, emission scenarios and evaluation of meteorological predictions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air pollution in China; Air quality modeling; Emission control; MM5/CMAQ; 11th FYP ID RIVER DELTA REGION; CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; MM5 MESOSCALE MODEL; TROPOSPHERIC NO2; EAST-ASIA; TRACE-P; RESOLUTION; INVENTORY; MM5-CMAQ; EPISODE AB Under the 11th Five Year Plan (FYP, 2006-2010) for national environmental protection by the Chinese government, the overarching goal for sulfur dioxide (SO2) controls is to achieve a total national emissions level of SO2 in 2010 10% lower than the level in 2005. A similar nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions control plan is currently under development and could be enforced during the 12th FYP (2011-2015). In this study, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA)'s Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (Models-3/CMAQ) modeling system was applied to assess the air quality improvement that would result from the targeted SO2 and NOx emission controls in China. Four emission scenarios - the base year 2005, the 2010 Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario, the 2010 SO2 control scenario, and the 2010 NOx control scenario-were constructed and simulated to assess the air quality change from the national control plan. The Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5) was applied to generate the meteorological fields for the CMAQ simulations. In this Part I paper, the model performance for the simulated meteorology was evaluated against observations for the base case in terms of temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation. It is shown that MM5 model gives an overall good performance for these meteorological variables. The generated meteorological fields are acceptable for using in the CMAQ modeling. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Litao; Lei, Yu; Schreifels, Jeremy; He, Kebin; Hao, Jiming] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wang, Litao] Hebei Univ Engn, Dept Environm Engn, Handan 056038, Hebei, Peoples R China. [Jang, Carey; Voorhees, Scott; Evarts, Dale; Phillips, Sharon] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhang, Yang; Wang, Kai; Meskhidze, Nicholas] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zhang, Qiang; Streets, David] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Fu, Joshua; Lam, Yun-Fat] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Schreifels, Jeremy] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Lin, Jerry] Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. RP Hao, JM (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM hjm-den@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Schreifels, Jeremy/F-6505-2011; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Lei, Yu/G-6247-2013; LAM, Yun Fat/K-7287-2015; lei, yu/D-3274-2016; Wang, Kai/D-4262-2013; Lin, Che-Jen/K-1808-2013; OI Schreifels, Jeremy/0000-0002-5830-3755; LAM, Yun Fat/0000-0002-5917-0907; Wang, Kai/0000-0002-2375-5989; Lin, Che-Jen/0000-0001-5990-3093; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU U.S. EPA/Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards at North Carolina State University [4-321-0210288]; MEP at Tsinghua University, China FX This study was sponsored by U.S. EPA/Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards via contract #4-321-0210288 at North Carolina State University and by MEP at Tsinghua University, China. Thanks are due to the U.S. EPA for its technical support in CMAQ modeling. NR 65 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 60 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 28 BP 3442 EP 3448 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.05.051 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 638JX UT WOS:000280891800012 ER PT J AU Wang, LT Jang, C Zhang, Y Wang, K Zhang, QA Streets, D Fu, J Lei, Y Schreifels, J He, KB Hao, JM Lam, YF Lin, J Meskhidze, N Voorhees, S Evarts, D Phillips, S AF Wang, Litao Jang, Carey Zhang, Yang Wang, Kai Zhang, Qiang Streets, David Fu, Joshua Lei, Yu Schreifels, Jeremy He, Kebin Hao, Jiming Lam, Yun-Fat Lin, Jerry Meskhidze, Nicholas Voorhees, Scott Evarts, Dale Phillips, Sharon TI Assessment of air quality benefits from national air pollution control policies in China. Part II: Evaluation of air quality predictions and air quality benefits assessment SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air pollution in China; Air quality modeling; Emission control; MM5/CMAQ; 11th FYP ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; EASTERN CHINA; OZONE; MODIS; PM2.5; SUMMERTIME; PRODUCTS; NOX AB Following the meteorological evaluation in Part I, this Part II paper presents the statistical evaluation of air quality predictions by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)'s Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (Models-3/CMAQ) model for the four simulated months in the base year 2005. The surface predictions were evaluated using the Air Pollution Index (API) data published by the China Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) for 31 capital cities and daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5, particles with aerodiameter less than or equal to 2.5 mu m) observations of an individual site in Tsinghua University (THU). To overcome the shortage in surface observations, satellite data are used to assess the column predictions including tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) column abundance and aerosol optical depth (AOD). The result shows that CMAQ gives reasonably good predictions for the air quality. The air quality improvement that would result from the targeted sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission controls in China were assessed for the objective year 2010. The results show that the emission controls can lead to significant air quality benefits. SO2 concentrations in highly polluted areas of East China in 2010 are estimated to be decreased by 30-60% compared to the levels in the 2010 Business-As-Usual (BAU) case. The annual PM2.5 can also decline by 3-15 mu g m(-3) (4-25%) due to the lower SO2 and sulfate concentrations. If similar controls are implemented for NOx emissions, NOx concentrations are estimated to decrease by 30-60% as compared with the 2010 BAU scenario. The annual mean PM2.5 concentrations will also decline by 2-14 mu g m(-3) (3-12%). In addition, the number of ozone (O-3) non-attainment areas in the northern China is projected to be much lower, with the maximum 1-h average O-3 concentrations in the summer reduced by 8-30 ppb. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Litao; Lei, Yu; Schreifels, Jeremy; He, Kebin; Hao, Jiming] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wang, Litao] Hebei Univ Engn, Dept Environm Engn, Handan 056038, Hebei, Peoples R China. [Jang, Carey; Voorhees, Scott; Evarts, Dale; Phillips, Sharon] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhang, Yang; Wang, Kai; Meskhidze, Nicholas] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zhang, Qiang; Streets, David] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Fu, Joshua; Lam, Yun-Fat] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Schreifels, Jeremy] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Lin, Jerry] Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. RP Hao, JM (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM hjm-den@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Schreifels, Jeremy/F-6505-2011; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Lei, Yu/G-6247-2013; LAM, Yun Fat/K-7287-2015; lei, yu/D-3274-2016; Wang, Kai/D-4262-2013; Lin, Che-Jen/K-1808-2013; OI Schreifels, Jeremy/0000-0002-5830-3755; LAM, Yun Fat/0000-0002-5917-0907; Wang, Kai/0000-0002-2375-5989; Lin, Che-Jen/0000-0001-5990-3093; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU U.S. EPA/Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards at North Carolina State University [4-321-0210288]; MEP at Tsinghua University, China FX This study was sponsored by U.S. EPA/Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards via contract #4-321-0210288 at North Carolina State University and by MEP at Tsinghua University, China. Thanks are due to the U.S. EPA for its technical support in CMAQ modeling. NR 23 TC 35 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 77 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 28 BP 3449 EP 3457 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.05.058 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 638JX UT WOS:000280891800013 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Wen, XY Jang, CJ AF Zhang, Yang Wen, X-Y. Jang, C. J. TI Simulating chemistry-aerosol-cloud-radiation-climate feedbacks over the continental US using the online-coupled Weather Research Forecasting Model with chemistry (WRF/Chem) SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE WRF/Chem; Aerosol direct effects; Aerosol indirect effects; CCN; Cloud droplet number concentrations ID PART I; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; AIR-POLLUTION; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTIONS; SENSITIVITY; SMOKE; IMPLEMENTATION; SUPPRESSION; TEMPERATURE AB The chemistry-aerosol-cloud-radiation-climate feedbacks are simulated using WRF/Chem over the continental U.S. in January and July 2001. Aerosols can reduce incoming solar radiation by up to -9% in January and -16% in July and 2-m temperatures by up to 0.16 degrees C in January and 0.37 degrees C in July over most of the continental U.S. The NO2 photolysis rates decrease in July by up to -8% over the central and eastern U.S. where aerosol concentrations are high but increase by up to 7% over the western U.S. in July and up to 13% over the entire domain in January. Planetary boundary layer (PBL) height reduces by up to -23% in January and -24% in July. Temperatures and wind speeds in July in big cities such as Atlanta and New York City reduce at/near surface but increase at higher altitudes. The changes in PBL height, temperatures, and wind speed indicate a more stable atmospheric stability of the PBL and further exacerbate air pollution over areas where air pollution is already severe. Aerosols can increase cloud optical depths in big cities in July, and can lead to 500-5000 cm(-3) cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) at a supersaturation of 1% over most land areas and 10-500 cm(-3) CCN over ocean in both months with higher values over most areas in July than in January, particularly in the eastern U.S. The total column cloud droplet number concentrations are up to 4.9 x 10(6) cm(-2) in January and up to 11.8 x 10(6) cm(-2) in July, with higher values over regions with high CCN concentrations and sufficient cloud coverage. Aerosols can reduce daily precipitation by up to 1.1 mm day(-1) in January and 19.4 mm day(-1) in July thus the wet removal rates over most of the land areas due to the formation of small CCNs, but they can increase precipitation over regions with the formation of large/giant CCN. These results indicate potential importance of the aerosol feedbacks and an urgent need for their accurate representations in current atmospheric models to reduce uncertainties associated with climate change predictions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Yang; Wen, X-Y.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jang, C. J.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM yang_zhang@ncsu.edu FU U.S. EPA [RD833376]; NSF [Atm-0348819]; U.S. EPA/Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards via RTI International [4-321-0210288]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX This work was supported by the U.S. EPA-Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program (Grant # RD833376), the NSF Career Award No. Atm-0348819, the U.S. EPA/Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards via RTI International contract #4-321-0210288, and the Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The authors thank Ken Schere, George Pouliot, and Warren Peters, U.S. EPA, for providing CMAQ model inputs that were used for WRF/Chem simulations in this study, Jack Fishman and John K. Creilson, NASA Langley Research Center, for providing Tropospheric Ozone Residual data, Xiao-Ming Hu, a former graduate student at NCSU, for his work on some earlier WRF/Chem simulations, and Ying Pan, Kai Wang, Yao-Sheng Chen, graduate students at NCSU, for post-processing some model results. NR 79 TC 80 Z9 88 U1 7 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 29 BP 3568 EP 3582 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.05.056 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 643JP UT WOS:000281292700012 ER PT J AU Johnson, M Isakov, V Touma, JS Mukerjee, S Ozkaynak, H AF Johnson, Markey Isakov, V. Touma, J. S. Mukerjee, S. Oezkaynak, H. TI Evaluation of land-use regression models used to predict air quality concentrations in an urban area SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Exposure assessment; Intra urban scale; Dispersion models; Health effects assessment; Land-use regression models ID MOBILE PLATFORM MEASUREMENTS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; VARIABILITY; ROADS AB Cohort studies designed to estimate human health effects of exposures to urban pollutants require accurate determination of ambient concentrations in order to minimize exposure misclassification errors. However, it is often difficult to collect concentration information at each study subject location. In the absence of complete subject-specific measurements, land-use regression (LUR) models have frequently been used for estimating individual levels of exposures to ambient air pollution. The LUR models, however, have several limitations mainly dealing with extensive monitoring data needs and challenges involved in their broader applicability to other locations. In contrast, air quality models can provide high-resolution source-concentration linkages for multiple pollutants, but require detailed emissions and meteorological information. In this study, first we predicted air quality concentrations of PM(2.5), NO(x), and benzene in New Haven, CT using hybrid modeling techniques based on CMAQ and AERMOD model results. Next, we used these values as pseudo-observations to develop and evaluate the different LUR models built using alternative numbers of (training) sites (ranging from 25 to 285 locations out of the total 318 receptors). We then evaluated the fitted LUR models using various approaches, including: 1) internal "Leave-One-Out-Cross-Validation" (LOOCV) procedure within the "training" sites selected; and 2) "Hold-Out" evaluation procedure, where we set aside 33-293 tests sites as independent datasets for external model evaluation. LUR models appeared to perform well in the training datasets. However, when these LUR models were tested against independent hold out (test) datasets, their performance diminished considerably. Our results confirm the challenges facing the LUR community in attempting to fit empirical response surfaces to spatially- and temporally-varying pollution levels using LUR techniques that are site dependent. These results also illustrate the potential benefits of enhancing basic LUR models by utilizing air quality modeling tools or concepts in order to improve their reliability or transferability. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Isakov, V.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Johnson, Markey] Hlth Canada, Water Air & Climate Change Bur, Air Hlth Sci Div, Ottawa, ON K1M 2B7, Canada. RP Isakov, V (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD-E243-02,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM isakov.vlad@epa.gov NR 28 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 6 U2 54 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 30 BP 3660 EP 3668 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.06.041 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 662YU UT WOS:000282851000007 ER PT J AU Liu, XH Zhang, Y Xing, J Zhang, QA Wang, K Streets, DG Jang, C Wang, WX Hao, JM AF Liu, Xiao-Huan Zhang, Yang Xing, Jia Zhang, Qiang Wang, Kai Streets, David G. Jang, Carey Wang, Wen-Xing Hao, Ji-Ming TI Understanding of regional air pollution over China using CMAQ, part II. Process analysis and sensitivity of ozone and particulate matter to precursor emissions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CMAQ; Process analysis; Indicators for O(3) and PM(2.5) chemistry; China ID RADICAL PROPAGATION EFFICIENCY; INDICATORS; HYDROCARBONS; IMPACTS; MODEL; AREA AB Following model evaluation in part I, this part II paper focuses on the process analysis and chemical regime analysis for the formation of ozone (O(3)) and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 mu m (PM(10)) in China. The process analysis results show that horizontal transport is the main contributor to the accumulation of O(3) in Jan., Apr., and Oct., and gas-phase chemistry and vertical transport contribute to the production and accumulation of O(3) in Jul. Removal pathways of O(3) include vertical and horizontal transport, gas-phase chemistry, and cloud processes, depending on locations and seasons. PM(10) is mainly produced by primary emissions and aerosol processes and removed by horizontal transport. Cloud processes could either decrease or increase PM(10) concentrations, depending on locations and seasons. Among all indicators examined, the ratio of P(HNO3)/P(H2O2) provides the most robust indicator for O(3) chemistry, indicating a VOC-limited O(3) chemistry over most of the eastern China in Jan., NO(x)-limited in Jul., and either VOC- or NO(x)-limited in Apr. and Oct. O(3) chemistry is NO(x)-limited in most central and western China and VOC-limited in major cities throughout the year. The adjusted gas ratio. AdjGR, indicates that PM formation in the eastern China is most sensitive to the emissions of SO(2) and may be more sensitive to emission reductions in NO(x) than in NH(3). These results are fairly consistent with the responses of O(3) and PM(2.5) to the reductions of their precursor emissions predicted from sensitivity simulations. A 50% reduction of NO(x) or AVOC emissions leads to a reduction of O(3) over the eastern China. Unlike the reduction of emissions of SO(2), NO(x), and NH(3) that leads to a decrease in PM(10), a 50% reduction of AVOC emissions increases PM(10) levels. Such results indicate the complexity of O(3) and PM chemistry and a need for an integrated, region-specific emission control strategy with seasonal variations to effectively control both O(3) and PM(2.5) pollution in China. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Yang] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Liu, Xiao-Huan; Zhang, Yang; Wang, Wen-Xing] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Xing, Jia; Hao, Ji-Ming] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Qiang; Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Jang, Carey] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM yang_zhang@ncsu.edu RI Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; xing, jia/O-1784-2014; Wang, Kai/D-4262-2013; OI Wang, Kai/0000-0002-2375-5989; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU U. S. NSF [Atm-0348819]; Shandong University in China; China Scholarship Council at Shandong University in China; U.S. EPA at ANL FX The authors thank Ping Liu at North Carolina State University, U. S. for her help in setting up process analysis based on the CB05 mechanism in CMAQ. This work was funded by the U. S. NSF Career Award, No. Atm-0348819 and Shandong University in China. The meteorological simulations were funded by China Scholarship Council at Shandong University in China and the U.S. NSF Career Award No. Atm-0348819 at NCSU. The emissions used for model simulations were funded by the U.S. EPA at ANL. NR 27 TC 48 Z9 56 U1 11 U2 87 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 30 BP 3719 EP 3727 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.036 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 662YU UT WOS:000282851000013 ER PT J AU Klaiber, M Kruse, M Volker, K Schroter, J Feil, R Freichel, M Gerling, A Feil, S Dietrich, A Londono, JEC Baba, HA Abramowitz, J Birnbaumer, L Penninger, JM Pongs, O Kuhn, M AF Klaiber, Michael Kruse, Martin Voelker, Katharina Schroeter, Juliane Feil, Robert Freichel, Marc Gerling, Andrea Feil, Susanne Dietrich, Alexander Londono, Juan Eduardo Camacho Baba, Hideo A. Abramowitz, Joel Birnbaumer, Lutz Penninger, Josef M. Pongs, Olaf Kuhn, Michaela TI Novel insights into the mechanisms mediating the local antihypertrophic effects of cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide: role of cGMP-dependent protein kinase and RGS2 SO BASIC RESEARCH IN CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANP; Angiotensin II; cGMP-dependent protein kinase; RGS2; Cardiac hypertrophy ID GUANYLYL CYCLASE-A; DEFICIENT MICE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; TRPC3 CHANNELS; HYPERTROPHY; RECEPTOR; HEART; HYPERTENSION; MYOCYTES; SYSTEM AB Cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) locally counteracts cardiac hypertrophy via the guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) receptor and cGMP production, but the downstream signalling pathways are unknown. Here, we examined the influence of ANP on beta-adrenergic versus Angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent (G(s) vs. G(alpha q) mediated) modulation of Ca(2+) (i)-handling in cardiomyocytes and of hypertrophy in intact hearts. L-type Ca(2+) currents and Ca(2+) (i) transients in adult isolated murine ventricular myocytes were studied by voltage-clamp recordings and fluorescence microscopy. ANP suppressed Ang II-stimulated Ca(2+) currents and transients, but had no effect on isoproterenol stimulation. Ang II suppression by ANP was abolished in cardiomyocytes of mice deficient in GC-A, in cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase I (PKG I) or in the regulator of G protein signalling (RGS) 2, a target of PKG I. Cardiac hypertrophy in response to exogenous Ang II was significantly exacerbated in mice with conditional, cardiomyocyte-restricted GC-A deletion (CM GC-A KO). This was concomitant to increased activation of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent prohypertrophic signal transducer CaMKII. In contrast, beta-adrenoreceptor-induced hypertrophy was not enhanced in CM GC-A KO mice. Lastly, while the stimulatory effects of Ang II on Ca(2+)-handling were absent in myocytes of mice deficient in TRPC3/TRPC6, the effects of isoproterenol were unchanged. Our data demonstrate a direct myocardial role for ANP/GC-A/cGMP to antagonize the Ca(2+) (i)-dependent hypertrophic growth response to Ang II, but not to beta-adrenergic stimulation. The selectivity of this interaction is determined by PKG I and RGS2-dependent modulation of Ang II/AT(1) signalling. Furthermore, they strengthen published observations in neonatal cardiomyocytes showing that TRPC3/TRPC6 channels are essential for Ang II, but not for beta-adrenergic Ca(2+) (i)-stimulation in adult myocytes. C1 [Klaiber, Michael; Voelker, Katharina; Schroeter, Juliane; Kuhn, Michaela] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Physiol, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. [Kruse, Martin; Pongs, Olaf] Univ Hamburg, Inst Neurale Signalverarbeitung, Zentrum Mol Neurobiol, Hamburg, Germany. [Feil, Robert; Gerling, Andrea; Feil, Susanne] Univ Tubingen, Interfak Inst Biochem, Tubingen, Germany. [Freichel, Marc; Londono, Juan Eduardo Camacho] Univ Saarland, Homburg, Germany. [Dietrich, Alexander] Univ Marburg, Inst Pharmakol & Toxikol, D-3550 Marburg, Germany. [Baba, Hideo A.] Univ Duisburg Essen, Univ Hosp Essen, Inst Pathol, Essen, Germany. [Abramowitz, Joel; Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Penninger, Josef M.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Mol Biotechnol, IMBA, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. RP Kuhn, M (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Inst Physiol, Rontgenring 9, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. EM michaela.kuhn@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de RI Dietrich, Alexander/G-8619-2013; Penninger, Josef/I-6860-2013; Feil, Robert/B-8918-2014; Abramowitz, Joel/A-2620-2015; OI Penninger, Josef/0000-0002-8194-3777; Feil, Robert/0000-0002-7335-4841; Dietrich, Alexander/0000-0002-1168-8707 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 487]; NIH [Z01-ES101684] FX This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 487 to Michaela Kuhn). HEK293 cells stably expressing rat GC-A were generously provided by Dr. RueyBing Yang, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. The plasmids for expression of human RGS2 and PKG I alpha were kindly provided by Dr. Thomas Wieland (Institute of Pharmacology, University of Mannheim-Heidelberg, Germany) and Dr. Stepan Gambaryan (Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Wurzburg, Germany), respectively.; Michael Klaiber performed and evaluated the fluorometric calcium measurements, western blotting, and heart morphometry. Martin Kruse performed and evaluated the electrophysiological calcium measurements. Katharina Volker performed the isolation of myocytes and in vivo studies. Juliane Schroter provided some technical help with the western blot analyses. Drs. Robert, Susanne Feil and Gerling generated and provided the PKG I deficient ("rescue") mice and anti-PKG I antibody. Drs. Freichel, Dietrich, Camacho Londono, Joel Abramowitz, and Lutz Birnbaumer generated or provided the TRPC3/C6 knockout mice. The generation of these mice was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH (Z01-ES101684 to JA and LB). Dr. Baba prepared the cardiac tissues for histology. Dr. Penninger provided RGS2 knockout mice. Michaela Kuhn conceived of and directed the study, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript, having helpful discussions with Dr. Pongs. NR 51 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0300-8428 J9 BASIC RES CARDIOL JI Basic Res. Cardiol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 105 IS 5 BP 583 EP 595 DI 10.1007/s00395-010-0098-z PG 13 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 635HZ UT WOS:000280647500003 PM 20352235 ER PT J AU Heinrichs, JA Bender, DJ Gummer, DL Schumaker, NH AF Heinrichs, Julie A. Bender, Darren J. Gummer, David L. Schumaker, Nathan H. TI Assessing critical habitat: Evaluating the relative contribution of habitats to population persistence SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Alberta, Canada; Dipodomys ordii; Habitat quality; Occurrence; Persistence; Population viability; Source-sink dynamics; Spatially-explicit population model; Species at risk ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; KANGAROO RAT; NATIONAL-PARK; PATCH SIZE; CONSERVATION; QUALITY; METAPOPULATION; DYNAMICS; DENSITY; SCALE AB A principal challenge of species conservation is to identify the specific habitats that are essential for long-term persistence or recovery of imperiled species. However, many commonly used approaches to identify important habitats do not provide direct insight into the contribution of those habitats to population persistence. To assess how habitats contribute to overall population viability and characterize their relative importance, a spatially-explicit population viability model was used to integrate a species occurrence model with habitat quality and demographic information to simulate the population dynamics of the Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii) in Alberta, Canada. Long-term productivity (births deaths) in each patch was simulated and iterative patch removal experiments were conducted to generate estimates of the relative contribution of habitat types to overall population viability. Our results indicated that natural dune habitats are crucial for population viability, while disturbed/human-created habitats make a minor contribution to population persistence. The results also suggest that the habitats currently available to Ord's kangaroo rats in Alberta are unlikely to support long-term persistence. Our approach was useful for identifying habitats that did not contribute to population viability. A large proportion of habitat (39%) represented sinks and their removal increased estimated population viability. The integration of population dynamics with habitat quality and occurrence data can be invaluable when assessing critical habitat, particularly in regions with variable habitat quality. Approaches that do not incorporate population dynamics may undermine conservation efforts by under- or over-estimating the value of habitats, erroneously protecting sink habitats, or failing to prioritize key source habitats. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Heinrichs, Julie A.; Bender, Darren J.] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Gummer, David L.] Pk Canada, Western & No Serv Ctr, Calgary, AB T2P 3M3, Canada. [Schumaker, Nathan H.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Heinrichs, JA (reprint author), Univ Calgary, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM j.a.heinrichs@gmail.com; dbender@ucalgary.ca RI Heinrichs, Julie/D-2927-2016 OI Heinrichs, Julie/0000-0001-7733-5034 FU Department of National Defence; Alberta Sustainable Resource Development; University of Calgary; Parks Canada Agency; US Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was supported by the Department of National Defence, Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, and the University of Calgary. Parks Canada Agency provided in-kind support. The information in this document has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review, and has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Funding was provided by sponsors without any requirement for them to contribute to the study design or the collection, analysis, or interpretation of NR 47 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 143 IS 9 BP 2229 EP 2237 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.06.009 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 641KW UT WOS:000281125400033 ER PT J AU Kang-Sickel, JCC Stober, VP French, JE Nylander-French, LA AF Kang-Sickel, Juei-Chuan C. Stober, Vandy P. French, John E. Nylander-French, Leena A. TI Exposure to naphthalene induces naphthyl-keratin adducts in human epidermis in vitro and in vivo SO BIOMARKERS LA English DT Article DE Biomarkers; dermal exposure; jet fuel; keratin adducts; naphthalene (CAS 91-20-3) ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; XENOBIOTIC-METABOLIZING ENZYMES; JP-8 JET FUEL; HUMAN SKIN; DERMAL EXPOSURE; TERMINAL DIFFERENTIATION; GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS; MAINTENANCE WORKERS; URINARY NAPHTHOLS; CYTOCHROMES P450 AB We observed naphthyl-keratin adducts and dose-related metabolic enzyme induction at the mRNA level in reconstructed human epidermis in vitro after exposure to naphthalene. Immunofluorescence detection of 2-naphthyl-keratin-1 adducts confirmed the metabolism of naphthalene and adduction of keratin. We also observed naphthyl-keratin adducts in dermal tape-strip samples collected from naphthalene-exposed workers at levels ranging from 0.004 to 6.104 pmol adduct mu g(-1) keratin. We have demonstrated the ability of the human skin to metabolize naphthalene and to form naphthyl-keratin adducts both in vitro and in vivo. The results indicate the potential use of keratin adducts as biomarkers of dermal exposure. C1 [Kang-Sickel, Juei-Chuan C.; Stober, Vandy P.; Nylander-French, Leena A.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [French, John E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Host Susceptibil Branch, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Nylander-French, LA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, CB 7431,Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM leena_french@unc.edu FU US Air Force (Texas Tech University) [1331/0489-01]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42ES05948, ES021134]; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [T42/CCT422952, T42/008673] FX The authors declare they have no competing financial interests. This work was supported by US Air Force (Texas Tech University subcontract 1331/0489-01), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grant number P42ES05948 and the Division of Intramural Research ES021134) and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (grant numbers T42/CCT422952, T42/008673). The authors report no conflicts of interest. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1354-750X J9 BIOMARKERS JI Biomarkers PD SEP PY 2010 VL 15 IS 6 BP 488 EP 497 DI 10.3109/1354750X.2010.485700 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology GA 639LJ UT WOS:000280976000002 PM 20500019 ER PT J AU Saleiro, D Murillo, G Lubahn, DB Kopelovich, L Korach, KS Mehta, RG AF Saleiro, Diana Murillo, Genoveva Lubahn, Dennis B. Kopelovich, Levy Korach, Kenneth S. Mehta, Rajendra G. TI Enhanced Induction of Mucin-Depleted Foci in Estrogen Receptor beta Knockout Mice SO CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLORECTAL-CANCER RISK; ER-BETA; COLON CARCINOGENESIS; EXPRESSION; GENE; LESIONS; IDENTIFICATION; TUMORIGENESIS; METHYLATION; DISRUPTION AB The role of the estrogen receptor beta (ER beta) in the colon has received considerable interest, yet in vivo models are needed to better define its protective actions. In the present study, wild-type (WT), ER alpha, and ER beta knockout (alpha ERKO and beta ERKO) mice were injected with azoxymethane, a colon chemical carcinogen. Fourteen weeks after azoxymethane exposure, the incidence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) was assessed by methylene blue staining. beta ERKO mice showed significantly higher incidence (P < 0.001) of ACF (15.0 +/- 2.5) compared with alpha ERKO (3.4 +/- 1.0) and WT (4.6 +/- 1.0) mice. The colons in several beta ERKO mice had increased thickness and loss of normal morphology. It has been reported that ER beta plays a role in the maintenance of the colonic crypt architecture; this may explain the loss of crypt organization in the colonic epithelium of beta ERKO mice. The presence of mucin-depleted foci (MDF) has been shown, both in humans and in rodents, as an early event in colon cancer. Therefore, to surpass the limitations with ACF scoring, we performed Alcian blue-neutral red staining to assess the presence of MDF. This assay allowed the assessment of precancerous lesions on all the beta ERKO mice colons (38.3 +/- 4.0; P < 0.001), comparing to WT and alpha ERKO mice (6.6 +/- 1.5 and 10.0 +/- 1.9, respectively), and served to confirm the ACF results. Together, these data support the use of MDF staining as a biomarker for precancerous lesions and the protective role of ER beta in colon carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res; 3(9); 1198-204. (C) 2010 AACR. C1 [Saleiro, Diana; Murillo, Genoveva; Mehta, Rajendra G.] IIT Res Inst, Div Canc Biol, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Saleiro, Diana] Univ Porto, Grad Program Areas Basic & Appl Biol, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [Lubahn, Dennis B.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. [Kopelovich, Levy] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Korach, Kenneth S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Murillo, G (reprint author), IIT Res Inst, Div Canc Biol, 10 W 35th St, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM gmurillo@iitri.org OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X FU Business Development Agency-Global Portugal (AICEP); Fulbright Portugal Commission; FCT [MCET, FSE-SFRH/BD/33544/2008]; NIH [K01 CA103861] FX Business Development Agency-Global Portugal (AICEP), Fulbright Portugal Commission, and FCT (MCET and FSE-SFRH/BD/33544/2008; D. Saleiro), NIH K01 CA103861 (G. Murillo), R01 CA121157 (R. G. Mehta), and research support provided by the Division of Intramural Research of NIEHS/NIH (K. S. Korach). NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1940-6207 J9 CANCER PREV RES JI Cancer Prev. Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 9 BP 1198 EP 1204 DI 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0044 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 646KH UT WOS:000281538400019 PM 20716634 ER PT J AU Mutlu, E Collins, LB Stout, MD Upton, PB Daye, LR Winsett, D Hatch, G Evansky, P Swenberg, JA AF Mutlu, Esra Collins, Leonard B. Stout, Matthew D. Upton, Patricia B. Daye, Laura R. Winsett, Darrell Hatch, Gary Evansky, Paul Swenberg, James A. TI Development and Application of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Detection of the Vinyl Chloride-Induced DNA Adduct N-2,3-Ethenoguanine in Tissues of Adult and Weanling Rats Following Exposure to [C-13(2)]-VC SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHLOROETHYLENE OXIDE; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; COLON CARCINOGENESIS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ETHENO ADDUCTS; POTENTIAL ROLE; LIVER AB In the 1970s, exposure to vinyl chloride (VC) was shown to cause liver angiosarcoma in VC workers, We have developed a new LC-MS/MS method for analyzing the promutagenic DNA adduct N-2,3-ethenoguanine (epsilon G) and have applied this to DNA from tissues of both adult and weanling rats exposed to 1100 ppm [C-13(2)]-VC for 5 days or 1100 ppm VC for I day. This assay utilizes neutral thermal hydrolysis and an HPLC cleanup prior to quantitation by LC-MS/MS. The number of endogenous and exogenous EG adducts in DNA from tissues of adult rats exposed to [C-13(2)]-VC for 5 days was 4.1 +/- 2.8 adducts/10(8) guanine of endogenous and 19.0 +/- 4.9 adducts/108 guanine of exogenous EG in the liver, 8.4 +/- 2.8 adducts/10(8) guanine of endogenous and 7.4 +/- 0.5 adducts/108 guanine of exogenous epsilon G in the lung, and 5.9 +/- 3.3 adducts/10(8) guanine of endogenous and 5.7 +/- 2.1 adducts/10(8) guanine of exogenous epsilon G in the kidney (a = 4). Additionally, the data from weanling rats demonstrated higher numbers of exogenous epsilon G, with 4-fold higher amounts in the liver DNA of weanlings (75.9 +/- 17.9 adducts/108 guanine) in comparison to adult rats and similar to 2-fold higher amounts in the lung (15.8 +/- 3.6 adducts/10(8) guanine) and kidney (12.9 +/- 0.4 adducts/108 guanine) (a = 8). The use of stable isotope labeled VC permitted accurate estimates of the half-life of epsilon G for the first time by comparing [C-13(2)]-epsilon G in adult rats with identically exposed animals euthanized 2, 4, or 8 weeks later. The half-life of epsilon G was found to be 150 days in the liver and lung and 75 days in the kidney, suggesting little or no active repair of this promutagenic adduct. C1 [Mutlu, Esra; Collins, Leonard B.; Upton, Patricia B.; Daye, Laura R.; Swenberg, James A.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Mutlu, Esra; Stout, Matthew D.; Swenberg, James A.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Winsett, Darrell; Hatch, Gary; Evansky, Paul] US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Swenberg, JA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jswenber@email.unc.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES010126-12, P30 ES010126, P30-ES10126, P42 ES005948, R42 ES011746, R42 ES011746-05, R42-ES011746, T32 ES007126, T32 ES007126-29, T32-ES07126] NR 43 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X EI 1520-5010 J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1485 EP 1491 DI 10.1021/tx1001767 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 650HU UT WOS:000281840600007 PM 20799743 ER PT J AU Resnik, DB Miller, F AF Resnik, David B. Miller, Frank TI The ethics of sham surgery on research subjects with cognitive impairments that affect decision-making capacity SO CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE Sham surgery; Ethics; Clinical trials; Vulnerable populations; Decision-making capacity ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; CLINICAL-RESEARCH; PLACEBO SURGERY; TRIALS AB Populations recruited to participate in sham surgery clinical trials sometimes include patients with cognitive impairments that affect decision-making capacity. In this commentary we examine arguments for and against including these patients in sham surgery clinical trials. We argue that patients with cognitive impairments that affect decision-making capacity should not be excluded from a sham surgery clinical trial if there are scientific reasons for including them in the study and basic ethical requirements for clinical research are met. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Resnik, David B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Miller, Frank] NIH, Dept Bioeth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Resnik, DB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Box 12233,Mail Drop CU 03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM resnikd@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences; Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health FX This research was supported by the Intramural Programs of the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and the Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health. This research does not represent the views of the National Institutes of Health or the U.S. government. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1551-7144 J9 CONTEMP CLIN TRIALS JI Contemp. Clin. Trials PD SEP PY 2010 VL 31 IS 5 BP 407 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.cct.2010.05.009 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 657CX UT WOS:000282391000006 PM 20570755 ER PT J AU Schug, TT AF Schug, Thaddeus T. TI The skinny on SIRT1 regulation SO DISEASE MODELS & MECHANISMS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CALORIE RESTRICTION; PGC-1-ALPHA; DEACETYLASE; DBC1 C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Schug, TT (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM schugt@niehs.nih.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-8403 J9 DIS MODEL MECH JI Dis. Model. Mech. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 3 IS 9-10 BP 507 EP 508 DI 10.1242/dmm.005629 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA 678FR UT WOS:000284060000001 PM 20483999 ER PT J AU Pilgrim, EM Darling, JA AF Pilgrim, Erik M. Darling, John A. TI Genetic diversity in two introduced biofouling amphipods (Ampithoe valida & Jassa marmorata) along the Pacific North American coast: investigation into molecular identification and cryptic diversity SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Benthic invertebrate; biological invasions; cryptic species; DNA barcode; marine amphipod ID MULTIPLE INTRODUCTIONS; INVASIVE POPULATIONS; INTEGRATED SOFTWARE; SPECIES COMPLEX; SPECIATION; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; CRUSTACEAN; MODEL; GENUS; INVERTEBRATE AB Aim We investigated patterns of genetic diversity among invasive populations of Ampithoe valida and Jassa marmorata from the Pacific North American coast to assess the accuracy of morphological identification and determine whether or not cryptic diversity and multiple introductions contribute to the contemporary distribution of these species in the region. Location Native range: Atlantic North American coast; Invaded range: Pacific North American coast. Methods We assessed indices of genetic diversity based on DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, determined the distribution of COI haplotypes among populations in both the invasive and putative native ranges of A. valida and J. marmorata and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among COI haplotypes using both maximum parsimony and Bayesian approaches. Results Phylogenetic inference indicates that inaccurate species-level identifications by morphological criteria are common among Jassa specimens. In addition, our data reveal the presence of three well supported but previously unrecognized clades of A. valida among specimens in the north-eastern Pacific. Different species of Jassa and different genetic lineages of Ampithoe exhibit striking disparity in geographic distribution across the region as well as substantial differences in genetic diversity indices. Main conclusions Molecular genetic methods greatly improve the accuracy and resolution of identifications for invasive benthic marine amphipods at the species level and below. Our data suggest that multiple cryptic introductions of Ampithoe have occurred in the north-eastern Pacific and highlight uncertainty regarding the origin and invasion histories of both Jassa and Ampithoe species. Additional morphological and genetic analyses are necessary to clarify the taxonomy and native biogeography of both amphipod genera. C1 [Pilgrim, Erik M.; Darling, John A.] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Pilgrim, EM (reprint author), US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Pilgrim.Erik@epamail.epa.gov NR 49 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 16 IS 5 BP 827 EP 839 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00681.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 639KG UT WOS:000280973100012 ER PT J AU Angradi, TR Jicha, TM AF Angradi, Ted R. Jicha, Terri M. TI Mesohabitat-specific macroinvertebrate assemblage responses to water quality variation in mid-continent (North America) great rivers SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Great rivers; Upper Mississippi River; Missouri River; Ohio River; Macroinvertebrates; Bioassessment; Benthos; Snags; Water quality ID UPPER MISSOURI RIVER; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; USA; BIOASSESSMENT; STREAMS; INDEXES; DAKOTA AB We compared the responsiveness of macroinvertebrate assemblages to variation in water quality (ions, nutrients, dissolved metals, and suspended sediment) in two mesohabitats within the main channel of three North American great rivers, the Upper Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio. Based on about 400 paired samples, we examined the responsiveness of benthic assemblages sampled in the littoral zone and assemblages sampled from the surface of woody snags in the main channel. The assemblages in the two mesohabitats were different in all rivers. Taxa richness was much higher in the benthos than on snags. Macroinvertebrate assemblage response to water quality variation was weak on the Mississippi River, but the reasons for this are unknown. Based on analysis of the similarity between the composition of assemblages from groups of sites with high and low concentrations of water quality variables, benthic assemblages were only slightly more sensitive to water chemistry variation than were snag assemblages. Results of two-sample comparisons between groups of sites with high and low concentrations of water quality variables were consistent with rank correlations of assemblage metrics with water quality. In general, there was little difference between habitats in response to variation in water quality on any river. Our simple method of snag sampling in great rivers is usually much easier than littoral benthic sampling because it does not require wading. Snag sampling in large rivers has some limitations (e.g., natural snags are sometimes absent, samples are semi-quantitative), but lack of sensitivity to water quality gradients compared to the benthos is not among them. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Angradi, Ted R.; Jicha, Terri M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Angradi, TR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM angradi.theodore@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory FX We thank Pam Comeleo and Marlys Cappaert for help with data management, and Kevin Stroom, Grace Kilbane, John Sandberg, Igor Grigorovich, and Kurt Schmude for identifying the organisms collected for this study. The information in this document has been funded wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 10 IS 5 BP 943 EP 954 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.02.004 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 603ZB UT WOS:000278245700004 ER PT J AU Pelletier, MC Gold, AJ Heltshe, JF Buffum, HW AF Pelletier, Marguerite C. Gold, Arthur J. Heltshe, James F. Buffum, Henry W. TI A method to identify estuarine macroinvertebrate pollution indicator species in the Virginian Biogeographic Province SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Benthic invertebrates; Indicator species; Pollution sensitive; Pollution tolerant; Indices; Estuaries ID MARINE QUALITY ASSESSMENT; INTEGRITY B-IBI; BENTHIC INDEX; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; UNITED-STATES; DIVERSITY; SEDIMENTS; COASTAL AB Macroinvertebrates are commonly used as biomonitors to detect pollution impacts in estuaries. The goal of this research was to identify estuarine benthic invertebrates that could be used as indicator species to detect presence or absence of pollution in the Virginian Biogeographic Province using available monitoring data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program. The data were first subdivided by habitat. Then we summarized the benthic community using principal coordinates analysis and projected the results onto a pollution gradient. Then we compared medians and corrected interquartile ranges to identify indicator species that were sensitive to pollution (or lack thereof) and showed low variation in response. Our data set was divided into smaller subsets that ranged from 108 to 532 stations per habitat. Out of 707 species in the Virginian Province, 67 were identified as pollution indicator species; 37 pollution sensitive taxa and 30 pollution tolerant taxa. The pollution sensitive taxa were represented by more phyla than were the pollution tolerant taxa. The pollution tolerant taxa were dominated by deposit feeders while the pollution sensitive taxa were not dominated by animals using any one feeding strategy. The pollution sensitive taxa included many crustaceans, known to be sensitive to pollution, while the pollution tolerant taxa included many tubificid oligochaetes, which are common indicators of pollution. Our empirically based results corresponded well with other studies that identified tolerance values or indicator species. One advantage of this technique is that it can be used on smaller data sets, assuming that there are not major habitat differences among the samples. We believe that this parsimonious technique can be applied to other coastal areas where mid-size (100-500 stations) monitoring data sets are available. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pelletier, Marguerite C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Pelletier, Marguerite C.; Gold, Arthur J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Heltshe, James F.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Comp Sci & Stat, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Buffum, Henry W.] Raytheon Co, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Pelletier, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM pelletier.peg@epa.gov; agold@uri.edu; jfh@cs.uri.edu; buffum.harry@epa.gov NR 55 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1037 EP 1048 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.03.005 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 603ZB UT WOS:000278245700013 ER PT J AU Sander, HA Ghosh, D van Riper, D Manson, SM AF Sander, Heather A. Ghosh, Debarchana van Riper, David Manson, Steven M. TI How do you measure distance in spatial models? An example using open-space valuation SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-PLANNING & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY-VALUES; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; URBAN GREEN SPACE; AMENITY VALUE; GIS; PRICE; LAND; BENEFITS; PORTLAND; OREGON AB Spatial distance is a critical component of theories across the social, natural, and information sciences, but too often the methods and metrics used to describe spatial distance are implicit or underspecified. How distance is measured may influence model results in unanticipated ways. We examined the differences among distances calculated in three ways: Euclidean distances, vector-based road-network distances, and raster-based cost-weighted distances. We applied these different measures to the case of the economic value of open space, which is frequently derived using hedonic pricing (HP) models. In HP models, distance to open space is used to quantify access for residential properties. Under the assumption that vector-based road distances better match actual travel distance between homes and open spaces, we compared these distances with Euclidean and raster-based cost-weighted distances, finding that the distance values themselves differed significantly. Open-space values estimated using these distances in hedonic models differed greatly and values for Euclidean and cost-weighted distances to open space were much lower than those for road-network distances. We also highlight computational issues that can lead to counterintuitive effects in distance calculations. We recommend the use of road-network distances in valuing open space using HP models and caution against the use of Euclidean and cost-weighted distances unless there are compelling theoretical reasons to do so. C1 [Ghosh, Debarchana] Kent State Univ, Dept Geog, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Sander, Heather A.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [van Riper, David] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Populat Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Manson, Steven M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geog, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Ghosh, D (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Geog, 413 McGilvney Hall, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM Sander.Heather@epamail.epa.gov; dghosh@kent.edu; vanr0033@umn.edu; manson@umn.edu RI Steven, Manson/B-9061-2008 OI Steven, Manson/0000-0001-7697-5339 NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 31 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0265-8135 J9 ENVIRON PLANN B JI Environ. Plan. B-Plan. Des. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 37 IS 5 BP 874 EP 894 DI 10.1068/b35126 PG 21 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 686UC UT WOS:000284720200009 ER PT J AU Cao, Y Blount, BC Valentin-Blasini, L Bernbaum, JC Phillips, TM Rogan, WJ AF Cao, Yang Blount, Benjamin C. Valentin-Blasini, Liza Bernbaum, Judy C. Phillips, Terry M. Rogan, Walter J. TI Goitrogenic Anions, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, and Thyroid Hormone in Infants SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE infant; iodide; nitrate; perchlorate; thiocyanate; thyrotropin; thyroxine ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SODIUM-IODIDE SYMPORTER; PERCHLORATE EXPOSURE; DRINKING-WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL PERCHLORATE; HUMAN-URINE; CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; US POPULATION; UNITED-STATES AB BACKGROUND: Environmental exposure of infants to perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, might interfere with thyroid function. U.S. women with higher background perchlorate exposure have higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and lower thyroxine (T-4). There are no studies with individual measures of thyroid function and these goitrogens available in infants. OBJECTIVE: We examined the association of urinary perchlorate, nitrate, iodide, and thiocyanate with urinary T-4 and TSH in infants and whether that association differed by sex or iodide status. METHODS: We used data and samples from the Study of Estrogen Activity and Development, which assessed hormone levels of full-term infants over the first 12 months of life. The study included 92 full-term infants between birth and 1 year of age seen up to four times. Perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide were measured in 206 urine samples; TSH and T-4 and were measured in urines and in 50 blood samples. RESULTS: In separate mixed models, adjusting for creatinine, age, sex, and body mass index, infants with higher urinary perchlorate, nitrate or thiocyanate had higher urinary TSH. With all three modeled, children with higher nitrate and thiocyanate had higher TSH, but higher perchlorate was associated with TSH only in children with low iodide. Unexpectedly, exposure to the three chemicals was generally associated with higher T-4. CONCLUSIONS: The association of perchlorate exposure with increased urinary TSH in infants with low urinary iodide is consistent with previous findings. Higher thiocyanate and nitrate exposure were also associated with higher TSH in infants. C1 [Cao, Yang; Rogan, Walter J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Cao, Yang] Second Mil Med Univ, Fac Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth Stat, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Blount, Benjamin C.; Valentin-Blasini, Liza] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bernbaum, Judy C.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Phillips, Terry M.] Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, Ultramicro Immunodiagnost Lab, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Rogan, WJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233,Mail Drop A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM rogan@niehs.nih.gov RI Rogan, Walter/I-6034-2012; OI Rogan, Walter/0000-0002-9302-0160; Cao, Yang/0000-0002-3552-9153 FU National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 118 IS 9 BP 1332 EP 1337 DI 10.1289/ehp.0901736 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 647MB UT WOS:000281621500024 PM 20439182 ER PT J AU Gilmour, MI Cho, SH Tong, HY McGee, JK Krantz, QT Baldauf, RW AF Gilmour, M. Ian Cho, Seung-Hyun Tong, Haiyan McGee, John K. Krantz, Q. Todd Baldauf, Richard W. TI Particle Size-Fraction Analysis: Gilmour et al. Response SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter C1 [Gilmour, M. Ian; Cho, Seung-Hyun; Tong, Haiyan; McGee, John K.; Krantz, Q. Todd] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Baldauf, Richard W.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gilmour, MI (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilmour.ian@epa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 118 IS 9 BP A380 EP A380 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002354R PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 647MB UT WOS:000281621500029 ER PT J AU Collette, TW Teng, Q Jensen, KM Kahl, MD Makynen, EA Durhan, EJ Villeneuve, DL Martinovic-Weigelt, D Ankley, GT Ekman, DR AF Collette, Timothy W. Teng, Quincy Jensen, Kathleen M. Kahl, Michael D. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma Ankley, Gerald T. Ekman, Drew R. TI Impacts of an Anti-Androgen and an Androgen/Anti-Androgen Mixture on the Metabolite Profile of Male Fathead Minnow Urine SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FLUTAMIDE; ENDOCRINOLOGY; RESPONSES; MODELS AB Male and female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas, FHM) were exposed via water to 20 or 200 mu g/L of cyproterone acetate (CA), a model androgen receptor (AR) antagonist FHM were also exposed to 500 ng/L of 17 beta-trenbolone (TB), a model AR agonist, and to mixtures of TB with both concentrations of CA. The urine metabolite profile (as measured by (1)H NMR spectroscopy) of male FHM exposed to the high concentration of CA was markedly different from that of controls, and this difference was less for males coexposed to the associated TB+CA mixture. The exposure to TB alone had almost no impact on the male urine profile. These results suggest that male FHM urinary metabolite profiling may be useful for directly detecting effects of anti-androgens. In contrast, the urinary profile of male FHM exposed to the lower concentration of CA was not very different from that of controls, but, unexpectedly, this difference was increased when coexposed to the associated TB+CA mixture. This suggests that TB with CA at the lower concentration impacts male FHM through an interactive effect possibly unrelated, or in addition, to AR antagonism. The relative occurrence of male-like nuptial tubercles in female FHM exposed to TB and to the mixtures of TB and CA supported the metabolomics data. C1 [Collette, Timothy W.; Teng, Quincy; Ekman, Drew R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Jensen, Kathleen M.; Kahl, Michael D.; Makynen, Elizabeth A.; Durhan, Elizabeth J.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Collette, TW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM collette.tim@epa.gov OI Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 FU U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development FX This work was funded in part through the Computational Toxicology Research Program of the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development. It has been subjected to review by the National Exposure Research Laboratory and the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. We are grateful to Lindsey S. Blake and Jeffery D. Brodin for valuable assistance with sample collection. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 17 BP 6881 EP 6886 DI 10.1021/es1011884 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 642OP UT WOS:000281225800054 PM 20687545 ER PT J AU Rider, CV Hartig, PC Cardon, MC Lambright, CR Bobseine, KL Guillette, LJ Gray, LE Wilson, VS AF Rider, Cynthia V. Hartig, Phillip C. Cardon, Mary C. Lambright, Christy R. Bobseine, Kathy L. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. Gray, L. Earl, Jr. Wilson, Vickie S. TI DIFFERENCES IN SENSITIVITY BUT NOT SELECTIVITY OF XENOESTROGEN BINDING TO ALLIGATOR VERSUS HUMAN ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Binding assay; Endocrine disruption; Steroid receptors; Transcriptional activation; Rat uterotrophic assay ID AMERICAN ALLIGATOR; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTORS; ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGENS; JUVENILE ALLIGATORS; SEX DETERMINATION; MISSISSIPPIENSIS; CONTAMINANTS; CELL; SUBSTANCES; ENDOCRINE AB Reproductive abnormalities in alligators exposed to contaminants in Lake Apopka, Florida, USA represent a clear example of endocrine disruption in wildlife. Several of these contaminants that are not able to bind to mammalian estrogen receptors (such as atrazine and cyanazine) have previously been reported to bind to the alligator estrogen receptor from oviductal tissue. Binding of known Lake Apopka contaminants to full length estrogen receptors alpha from human (hER alpha) and alligator (aER alpha) was assessed in a side-by-side comparison within the same assay system. Baculovirus-expressed recombinant hER alpha and aERa were used in a competitive binding assay. Atrazine and cyanazine were not able to bind to either receptor. p,p'-Dicofol was able to bind to aERa with a concentration inhibiting 50% of binding (IC50) of 4 mu M, while only partially displacing 17 beta-estradiol (E2) from hERa and yielding a projected IC50 of 45 mu M. Chemicals that only partially displaced E2 from either receptor, including some dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) metabolites and trans-nonachlor, appeared to have higher affinity for aER alpha than hER alpha. p,p'-Dicofol-mediated transcriptional activation through aERa and hERa was assessed to further explore the preferential binding of p,p'-dicofol to aER alpha over hER alpha. p,p'-Dicofol was able to stimulate transcriptional activation in a similar manner with both receptors. However, the in vitro results obtained with p,p'-dicofol were not reflected in an in vivo mammalian model, where Kelthane (TM) (mixed o,p'- and p,p'-dicofol isomers) did not elicit estrogenic effects. In conclusion, although there was no evidence of exclusively species-specific estrogen receptor binders, some xenoestrogens, especially p,p'-dicofol, had a higher affinity for aERa than for hERa. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2064-2071. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Hartig, Phillip C.; Cardon, Mary C.; Lambright, Christy R.; Bobseine, Kathy L.; Gray, L. Earl, Jr.; Wilson, Vickie S.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rider, Cynthia V.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Wilson, VS (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wilson.vickie@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 FU North Carolina State University; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) [CT833235-01-0]; National Institute of Health [1K99ES016806] FX Funding was provided by the North Carolina State University and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Cooperative Training Program CT833235-01-0 and the National Institute of Health Pathway to Independence Award 1K99ES016806. The receptor constructs discussed herein are available upon written request. The research described in this study has been reviewed by the National Health Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2064 EP 2071 DI 10.1002/etc.233 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 642HX UT WOS:000281200700021 PM 20821664 ER PT J AU Cripe, GM Hemmer, BL Raimondo, S Goodman, LR Kulaw, DH AF Cripe, Geraldine M. Hemmer, Becky L. Raimondo, Sandy Goodman, Larry R. Kulaw, Dannielle H. TI EXPOSURE OF THREE GENERATIONS OF THE ESTUARINE SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW (CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS) TO THE ANDROGEN, 17 beta-TRENBOLONE: EFFECTS ON SURVIVAL, DEVELOPMENT, AND REPRODUCTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 17 beta-Trenbolone; Sheepshead minnow; Multiple generation; Endocrine disruption ID MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; GROWTH PROMOTER 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; CATTLE FEEDLOT EFFLUENT; FATHEAD MINNOW; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; TRENBOLONE ACETATE; FISH; VITELLOGENIN; ESTROGEN; METHYLTESTOSTERONE AB Estimating long-term effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on a species is important to assessing the overall risk to the populations. The present study reports the results of a 42-week exposure of estuarine sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) to the androgen, 17 beta-trenbolone (Tb) conducted to determine if partial-(F0) or single-generation (F1) fish exposures identify multigenerational (F0-F3) effects of androgens on fish. Adult F0 fish were exposed to 0.007, 0.027, 0.13, 0.87,and 4.1 1 mu g Tb/L, the F1 generation to <0.87 mu g Tb/L, the F2 fish to <= 0.13 mu g Tb/L, and the F3 fish to <= 0.027 mu g Tb/L. The highest concentrations with reproducing populations at the end of the F0, F1, and F2 generations were 4.1, 0.87, and 0.027 mu g Tb/L, respectively. Reproduction in the F0, F1, and F2 generations was significantly reduced at 0.87, 0.027, and 0.027 mu g Tb/L, respectively. Fish were significantly masculinized in the F1 generation exposed to 0.13 mu g Tb/L or greater. Female plasma vitellogenin was significantly reduced in F0 fish exposed to >= 0.87 mu g Tb/L. Gonadosomatic indices of the F0 and F1 generations were significantly increased at 0.87 and 0.13 mu g Tb/L in the F0 and F1 generation, respectively, and were accompanied by ovarian histological changes. Reproduction was the most consistently sensitive measure of androgen effects and, after a life-cycle exposure, the daily reproductive rate predicted concentrations affecting successive generations. The present study provides evidence that a multiple generation exposure of fish to some endocrine-disrupting chemicals can result in developmental and reproductive changes that have a much greater impact on the success of a species than was indicated from shorter term exposures. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2079-2087. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Cripe, Geraldine M.; Hemmer, Becky L.; Raimondo, Sandy; Goodman, Larry R.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Kulaw, Dannielle H.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Raimondo, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM raimondo.sandy@epa.gov NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 22 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2079 EP 2087 DI 10.1002/ete.261 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 642HX UT WOS:000281200700023 PM 20821666 ER PT J AU Spehar, RL Brooke, LT Markee, TP Kahl, MD AF Spehar, Robert L. Brooke, Larry T. Markee, Thomas P. Kahl, Michael D. TI COMPARATIVE TOXICITY AND BIOCONCENTRATION OF NONYLPHENOL IN FRESHWATER ORGANISMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Alkylphenols; Toxicity tests; Bioconcentration; Freshwater organisms ID PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; AQUATIC TOXICITY; FATHEAD MINNOWS; BIOACCUMULATION; 4-NONYLPHENOL; ALKYLPHENOLS; ACCUMULATION; ETHOXYLATES; LETHALITY; CHEMICALS AB Degradation of alkylphenol ethoxylates to more persistent alkylphenols such as nonylphenol occurs in wastewater treatment plants where nonylphenol is released to aquatic systems. In this study, acute and chronic tests were conducted to determine the toxicity and bioconcentration of nonylphenol to freshwater organisms for use in deriving national water quality criteria. Acute median effect concentrations (EC50s) based on loss of equilibrium, immobility, and lethality for species representing several taxonomic groups ranged from 21 to 596 mu g/L. The EC50s were up to a factor of 2 less than median lethal concentrations (LC50s) and decreased with time over the test periods of 24 to 96h. In chronic tests, early life stages of rainbow trout were 14 times more sensitive to nonylphenol than in acute tests and approximately 20 times more sensitive than Daphnia magna exposed over their complete life cycle. Comparisons of chronic test endpoints showed that 20% effect concentrations (EC20s), determined by regression testing, and chronic values, determined by hypothesis testing, were similar for both the rainbow trout and Daphnia magna. The lowest mean tissue effect concentrations of nonylphenol appeared to be greater for the fathead minnow than bluegill, and ranged from approximately 130 to 160 mu g/g after 96-h exposure and from approximately 20 to 90 mu g/g after 28-d exposure. Mean lipid normalized bioconcentration factors (BCFs) associated with no-effect concentrations were approximately 180 and 50 for the fathead minnow and bluegill, respectively. The present test results suggest that long-term exposures to nonylphenol at concentrations found in some surface waters could adversely impact sensitive components of freshwater communities. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2104-2111. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Spehar, Robert L.; Kahl, Michael D.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Brooke, Larry T.; Markee, Thomas P.] Univ Wisconsin Super, Lake Super Res Inst, Superior, WI 54880 USA. RP Spehar, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM spehar.robert@epa.gov NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 23 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2104 EP 2111 DI 10.1002/etc.262 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 642HX UT WOS:000281200700026 PM 20821669 ER PT J AU Hale, SS AF Hale, Stephen S. TI Biogeographical Patterns of Marine Benthic Macroinvertebrates Along the Atlantic Coast of the Northeastern USA SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Biogeography; Marine benthic ecology; Northeast US coast; Northwestern Atlantic; Acadian biogeographical province; Virginian biogeographical province ID NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; BUZZARDS BAY; ESTUARIES; HABITAT; MAINE AB The biogeography of marine benthic macroinvertebrates of US Atlantic estuaries and inshore coastal areas from Delaware Bay north to Passamaquoddy Bay was studied to compare recent data with historical biogeographic studies, define physical-chemical factors affecting species' distributions, and provide information for calibrating benthic indices of environmental condition. Five years (2000-2004) of data from 614 non-polluted, soft-bottom stations from the National Coastal Assessment were analyzed. Multidimensional scaling done on Bray-Curtis similarity matrices of species' relative abundance (547 species) suggested seven subregions: two based on salinity (oligohaline, mesohaline) and five based on latitude. Species' distribution patterns for stations with salinities >= 18 (n = 558) were strongly influenced by latitude; Cape Cod was a clear faunal transition zone (R = 0.92, p<0.001). Conversely, for stations with salinities <18 (n = 56), salinity was the more important factor. An ordination of abiotic variables (temperature, salinity, sediment percent silt-clay, depth) correlated well with the ordination of species' relative abundance data (R=0.77, p<0.001). The first split of a multivariate regression tree was by a summer bottom temperature of 20 degrees C at Cape Cod. Salinity and percent silt-clay led to further splits. These results support the existence of Virginian and Transhatteran biogeographic provinces. They constitute a baseline for addressing broad-scale and long-term issues such as global climate change, species invasions, and conservation planning. C1 US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Hale, SS (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM hale.stephen@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX Many thanks to all the NCA field crews and others who collected and processed the data and to H. Buffum, C. Audette, J. Heltshe, M. Charpentier, and P. Decastro for valuable assistance in preparing the manuscript. Thanks to S. Ayvazian, M. Pelletier, and A. Kuhn-Hines for useful review comments. Three anonymous reviewers helped to dramatically improve the manuscript. This is contribution number AED-08-034 of the US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI. Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly by the US Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to Agency review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 70 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2010 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1039 EP 1053 DI 10.1007/s12237-010-9332-z PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 658SR UT WOS:000282510200001 ER PT J AU Orth, RJ Williams, MR Marion, SR Wilcox, DJ Carruthers, TJB Moore, KA Kemp, WM Dennison, WC Rybicki, N Bergstrom, P Batiuk, RA AF Orth, Robert J. Williams, Michael R. Marion, Scott R. Wilcox, David J. Carruthers, Tim J. B. Moore, Kenneth A. Kemp, W. Michael Dennison, William C. Rybicki, Nancy Bergstrom, Peter Batiuk, Richard A. TI Long-Term Trends in Submersed Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) in Chesapeake Bay, USA, Related to Water Quality SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Submersed aquatic vegetation; Salinity community-types; Chesapeake Bay; Abundance; Nutrients; Nitrogen; Water quality ID TIDAL POTOMAC RIVER; ZOSTERA-MARINA L.; SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEMS; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; HABITAT REQUIREMENTS; ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS; LIGHT REQUIREMENTS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; COCKBURN SOUND AB Chesapeake Bay supports a diverse assemblage of marine and freshwater species of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) whose broad distributions are generally constrained by salinity. An annual aerial SAV monitoring program and a bi-monthly to monthly water quality monitoring program have been conducted throughout Chesapeake Bay since 1984. We performed an analysis of SAV abundance and up to 22 environmental variables potentially influencing SAV growth and abundance (1984-2006). Historically, SAV abundance has changed dramatically in Chesapeake Bay, and since 1984, when SAV abundance was at historic low levels, SAV has exhibited complex changes including long-term (decadal) increases and decreases, as well as some large, single-year changes. Chesapeake Bay SAV was grouped into three broad-scale community-types based on salinity regime, each with their own distinct group of species, and detailed analyses were conducted on these three community-types as well as on seven distinct case-study areas spanning the three salinity regimes. Different trends in SAV abundance were evident in the different salinity regimes. SAV abundance has (a) continually increased in the low-salinity region; (b) increased initially in the medium-salinity region, followed by fluctuating abundances; and (c) increased initially in the high-salinity region, followed by a subsequent decline. In all areas, consistent negative correlations between measures of SAV abundance and nitrogen loads or concentrations suggest that meadows are responsive to changes in inputs of nitrogen. For smaller case-study areas, different trends in SAV abundance were also noted including correlations to water clarity in high-salinity case-study areas, but nitrogen was highly correlated in all areas. Current maximum SAV coverage for almost all areas remain below restoration targets, indicating that SAV abundance and associated ecosystem services are currently limited by continued poor water quality, and specifically high nutrient concentrations, within Chesapeake Bay. The nutrient reductions noted in some tributaries, which were highly correlated to increases in SAV abundance, suggest management activities have already contributed to SAV increases in some areas, but the strong negative correlation throughout the Chesapeake Bay between nitrogen and SAV abundance also suggests that further nutrient reductions will be necessary for SAV to attain or exceed restoration targets throughout the bay. C1 [Orth, Robert J.; Marion, Scott R.; Wilcox, David J.; Moore, Kenneth A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Williams, Michael R.; Carruthers, Tim J. B.; Dennison, William C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Integrat Applicat Network, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Carruthers, Tim J. B.; Kemp, W. Michael; Dennison, William C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Rybicki, Nancy] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Bergstrom, Peter] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Batiuk, Richard A.] US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Orth, RJ (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Rt 1208,Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM jjorth@vims.edu RI Dennison, William/D-7739-2012; kemp, Michael/F-9955-2013 FU US Environmental Protection Agency; Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972; Allied-Signal Foundation; NOAA; Army Corps of Engineers ERDC FX Funding for much of the monitoring were from the following sources: US Environmental Protection Agency's Chesapeake Bay Program Office; the Coastal Programs of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality and Maryland Department of Natural Resources funded by Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; US Fish and Wildlife Service; School of Marine Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary; private grants from the Allied-Signal Foundation, Norfolk-Southern, and the Keith Campbell Foundation. WMK acknowledges funding from NOAA Maryland Sea Grant and the Army Corps of Engineers ERDC. We thank Kris Beckert for assistance with figures. We appreciate the thoughtful comments of the anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Contribution no. 3091 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary; 4412 from University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 101 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2010 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1144 EP 1163 DI 10.1007/s12237-010-9311-4 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 658SR UT WOS:000282510200008 ER PT J AU Ellstrand, NC Heredia, SM Leak-Garcia, JA Heraty, JM Burger, JC Yao, L Nohzadeh-Malakshah, S Ridley, CE AF Ellstrand, Norman C. Heredia, Sylvia M. Leak-Garcia, Janet A. Heraty, Joanne M. Burger, Jutta C. Yao, Li Nohzadeh-Malakshah, Sahar Ridley, Caroline E. TI Crops gone wild: evolution of weeds and invasives from domesticated ancestors SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE de-domestication; domesticate; endoferality; exoferality; hybridization; invasive species; rapid evolution; weed ID INTRODUCED PLANT-POPULATIONS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PHENOTYPIC DIVERGENCE; PHALARIS-ARUNDINACEA; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; RAPHANUS-SATIVUS; SSR MARKERS; FERAL RYE; HYBRIDIZATION; ORIGIN AB The evolution of problematic plants, both weeds and invasives, is a topic of increasing interest. Plants that have evolved from domesticated ancestors have certain advantages for study. Because of their economic importance, domesticated plants are generally well-characterized and readily available for ecogenetic comparison with their wild descendants. Thus, the evolutionary history of crop descendants has the potential to be reconstructed in some detail. Furthermore, growing crop progenitors with their problematic descendants in a common environment allows for the identification of significant evolutionary differences that correlate with weediness or invasiveness. We sought well-established examples of invasives and weeds for which genetic and/or ethnobotanical evidence has confirmed their evolution from domesticates. We found surprisingly few cases, only 13. We examine our list for generalizations and then some selected cases to reveal how plant pests have evolved from domesticates. Despite their potential utility, crop descendants remain underexploited for evolutionary study. Promising evolutionary research opportunities for these systems are abundant and worthy of pursuit. C1 [Ellstrand, Norman C.; Heredia, Sylvia M.; Leak-Garcia, Janet A.; Heraty, Joanne M.; Yao, Li; Nohzadeh-Malakshah, Sahar] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Ellstrand, Norman C.; Heredia, Sylvia M.; Leak-Garcia, Janet A.; Heraty, Joanne M.; Yao, Li; Nohzadeh-Malakshah, Sahar] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Burger, Jutta C.] Irvine Ranch Conservancy, Irvine, CA USA. [Ridley, Caroline E.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Arlington, VA USA. RP Ellstrand, NC (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM ellstrand@ucr.edu FU NSF [DEB-0409984, NRI-CSREES-USDA 2003-35320]; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) FX Our initial manuscript benefited from the ideas of Professor Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra and his Graduate Genetics Group at the University of California at Davis. The authors thank Bao Doan, Baorong Lu, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra, Allison Snow, and two anonymous reviewers for their ideas and/or insightful contributions to subsequent versions of this manuscript. This work was supported by NSF DEB-0409984 and NRI-CSREES-USDA 2003-35320 grants to N.C.E. as well as a US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship to C.E.R. EPA has not officially endorsed this publication, and the views expressed herein might not reflect the views of EPA. NR 81 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 5-6 BP 494 EP 504 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00140.x PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 643PV UT WOS:000281311700009 PM 25567942 ER PT J AU Sumerford, DV Glasser, J Lewis, LC AF Sumerford, Douglas V. Glasser, John Lewis, L. C. TI MATING ARENA DYNAMICS FOR OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE European corn borer; mass mating; egg production; insect rearing; bioassays ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANCE AB Many bioassays of insect species are dependent on the use of laboratory-reared insects. If the purpose of the research is to assess the genetic variance present for an insect trait, e.g., insecticide-resistance monitoring, it is imperative to understand the potential mating dynamics and genetic contributions of adults to the larvae evaluated in bioassays. We report the results of a study utilizing a laboratory-reared colony of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). The changes in the population dynamics (e.g., numbers of males, females, fertile egg masses, mated females) were evaluated. Although the numbers of emerging females, living females, mated females and fertile egg masses changed during the experiment, the percentage of total females that were mated did not change (similar to 54%). The first of the females to emerge were beginning to die as later-emerging females were mating. Results suggest that experimental designs that rely on laboratory-reared O. nubilalis will need to test larvae from several nights of oviposition to better ensure that the total genetic composition of the population is sampled. C1 [Sumerford, Douglas V.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Glasser, John] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Sumerford, Douglas V.; Lewis, L. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Sumerford, DV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FU USEPA; USDA-ARS FX We thank Jim Robbins, Kate Reardon, and Derek Steines for technical assistance. This project was funded by an interagency agreement between the USEPA (J.G.) and USDA-ARS. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 93 IS 3 BP 432 EP 436 DI 10.1653/024.093.0317 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 647IS UT WOS:000281612500016 ER PT J AU Job, C AF Job, Charles TI Septic Systems Management to Protect Groundwater and Public Health SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water 4606M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Job, C (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water 4606M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 40 EP 41 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2010.01318.x PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 678XS UT WOS:000284117400002 ER PT J AU Egorov, AI Sempertegui, F Estrella, B Egas, J Naumova, EN Griffiths, JK AF Egorov, Andrey I. Sempertegui, Fernando Estrella, Bertha Egas, Josefina Naumova, Elena N. Griffiths, Jeffrey K. TI The effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on growth velocity in young children from poor urban communities in Ecuador SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Helicobacter pylori; Growth velocity; Children; Fecal antigen; IgG antibody; Ecuador ID NONINVASIVE TESTS; COLONIZATION; GASTRITIS; STOOL; TRANSMISSION; ERADICATION; ANTIBODIES; ABSORPTION; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIGEN AB Objective: To characterize the potential effects of Helicobacter infections on growth velocity in low socioeconomic status young children in a developing country. Methods: Children were recruited in poor suburbs of Quito, Ecuador. Normally nourished, mildly and substantially malnourished children (defined using weight-for-age Z-scores at recruitment) formed equal strata. Six height and weight measurements were collected during one year. Enrollment and exit serum samples were analyzed for anti-Helicobacter IgG and exit non-diarrheal feces tested for Helicobacter antigen. Results: Among 124 participants (enrollment age 19 + 9 months), 76 (61%) excreted fecal antigen at exit (were infected). Of these, 44 were seropositive at least once (chronic infections) and 32 tested seronegative both times (new or acute phase infections). The adjusted linear growth velocity during follow-up in children with new infections was reduced by 9.7 (3.8, 15.6) mm/year compared to uninfected controls and 6.4 (0.0, 12.9) mm/year compared to children with chronic infections. The effects of Helicobacter infections on ponderal growth were not significant. Conclusion: These results suggest that linear growth velocity is reduced in young children during the initial phase of Helicobacter infection. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. C1 [Egorov, Andrey I.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Egorov, Andrey I.; Sempertegui, Fernando; Estrella, Bertha; Naumova, Elena N.; Griffiths, Jeffrey K.] Tufts Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA USA. [Sempertegui, Fernando; Estrella, Bertha; Egas, Josefina] Corp Ecuatoriana Biotecnol, Quito, Ecuador. [Sempertegui, Fernando; Estrella, Bertha] Univ Cent Ecuador, Fac Med, Quito, Ecuador. [Egas, Josefina] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Bioanal, Quito, Ecuador. [Naumova, Elena N.; Griffiths, Jeffrey K.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Egorov, AI (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS A110, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM andrey.egorov@tufts.edu RI Naumova, Elena/C-5954-2011; OI Naumova, Elena/0000-0002-9562-4734 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 HD38327]; US Environmental Protection Agency FX This study was funded by the National Institutes of Health (R01 HD38327 "VitaminA and Zinc: Prevention of Pneumonia'' Study Supplement 2 to JKG). The preparation of this paper was funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The study sponsors had no role in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data. Although this manuscript was reviewed and cleared for publication by the US Environmental Protection Agency following standard procedures, the views expressed in this article are those of the authors; they do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 14 IS 9 BP E788 EP E791 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.03.013 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 653OJ UT WOS:000282101100010 PM 20638884 ER PT J AU Hernandez, ML Lay, JC Harris, B Esther, CR Brickey, WJ Bromberg, PA Diaz-Sanchez, D Devlin, RB Kleeberger, SR Alexis, NE Peden, DB AF Hernandez, Michelle L. Lay, John C. Harris, Bradford Esther, Charles R., Jr. Brickey, W. June Bromberg, Philip A. Diaz-Sanchez, David Devlin, Robert B. Kleeberger, Steven R. Alexis, Neil E. Peden, David B. TI Atopic asthmatic subjects but not atopic subjects without asthma have enhanced inflammatory response to ozone SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ozone; innate immunity; asthma; atopy; hyaluronic acid; environmental airways disease; IL-1 beta; IL-10 ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; MILD ALLERGIC-ASTHMA; 0.16 PPM OZONE; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; LUNG INJURY; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; INNATE IMMUNITY; IN-VIVO; EXPOSURE; HYALURONAN AB Background: Asthma is a known risk factor for acute ozone-associated respiratory disease. Ozone causes an immediate decrease in lung function and increased airway inflammation. The role of atopy and asthma in modulation of ozone-induced inflammation has not been determined. Objective: We sought to determine whether atopic status modulates ozone response phenotypes in human subjects. Methods: Fifty volunteers (25 healthy volunteers, 14 atopic nonasthmatic subjects, and 11 atopic asthmatic subjects not requiring maintenance therapy) underwent a 0.4-ppm ozone exposure protocol. Ozone response was determined based on changes in lung function and induced sputum composition, including airway inflammatory cell concentration, cell-surface markers, and cytokine and hyaluronic acid concentrations. Results: All cohorts experienced similar decreases in lung function after ozone. Atopic and atopic asthmatic subjects had increased sputum neutrophil numbers and IL-8 levels after ozone exposure; values did not significantly change in healthy volunteers. After ozone exposure, atopic asthmatic subjects had significantly increased sputum IL-6 and IL-1 beta levels and airway macrophage Toll-like receptor 4, Fc epsilon RI, and CD23 expression; values in healthy volunteers and atopic nonasthmatic subjects showed no significant change. Atopic asthmatic subjects had significantly decreased IL-10 levels at baseline compared with healthy volunteers; IL-10 levels did not significantly change in any group with ozone. All groups had similar levels of hyaluronic acid at baseline, with increased levels after ozone exposure in atopic and atopic asthmatic subjects. Conclusion: Atopic asthmatic subjects have increased airway inflammatory responses to ozone. Increased Toll-like receptor 4 expression suggests a potential pathway through which ozone generates the inflammatory response in allergic asthmatic subjects but not in atopic subjects without asthma. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;126:537-44.) C1 [Hernandez, Michelle L.; Lay, John C.; Harris, Bradford; Esther, Charles R., Jr.; Alexis, Neil E.; Peden, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Hernandez, Michelle L.; Lay, John C.; Harris, Bradford; Alexis, Neil E.; Peden, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Bromberg, Philip A.; Peden, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Brickey, W. June; Peden, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Kleeberger, Steven R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Diaz-Sanchez, David; Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hernandez, ML (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, 104 Mason Farm Rd,CB 7310, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Michelle_Hernandez@med.unc.edu RI Lay, John/A-6380-2012 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01ES012706, P30ES010126]; National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases [U19AI077437]; National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine [P01AT002620]; National Institutes of Health [KL2RR025746, M01RR00046, UL1RR025747]; US Environmental Protection Agency [CR 83346301]; Center for Environmental Medicine and Lung Biology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Environmental Protection Agency FX Supported in part by grants R01ES012706 and P30ES010126 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, U19AI077437 from the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, P01AT002620 from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, and KL2RR025746, M01RR00046, and UL1RR025747 from the National Center of Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health, as well as CR 83346301 from the US Environmental Protection Agency.; Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through cooperative agreement CR 83346301 with the Center for Environmental Medicine and Lung Biology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred.; Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: P. A. Bromberg has received research support from the US Environmental Protection Agency. D. B. Peden is a consultant for Funxional Therapeutics and GlaxoSmithKline and has received research support from the National Institutes of Health and the Environmental Protection Agency. The rest of the authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest. NR 58 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 126 IS 3 BP 537 EP U228 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.06.043 PG 9 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 646CF UT WOS:000281512500020 PM 20816188 ER PT J AU Visness, CM London, SJ Daniels, JL Kaufman, JS Yeatts, KB Siega-Riz, AM Calatroni, A Zeldin, DC AF Visness, Cynthia M. London, Stephanie J. Daniels, Julie L. Kaufman, Jay S. Yeatts, Karin B. Siega-Riz, Anna-Maria Calatroni, Agustin Zeldin, Darryl C. TI Association of Childhood Obesity With Atopic and Nonatopic Asthma: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006 SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE asthma; atopy; BMI; obesity ID BODY-MASS INDEX; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CHILDREN; OVERWEIGHT; SEVERITY; SYMPTOMS; SAMPLE; COHORT; ADULTS; RISK AB Background. Obesity and asthma prevalence have both risen among children over the last several decades, and research efforts increasingly suggest that obesity is associated with asthma. Some, but not all, studies have shown that the effect of obesity on asthma is stronger among nonatopic individuals than among those with atopy. Systemic inflammation may be a factor in this relationship. Objective. To examine the association of obesity with atopic and nonatopic asthma among U. S. children and to assess the role of C-reactive protein. Design. Nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to examine the relationship of weight to current asthma using logistic regression. Overweight was defined as >= 85th percentile of body mass index (BMI)-for-age and obesity was defined as >= 95th percentile of BMI-for-age. The presence of at least one positive allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) was used to stratify the relationship by atopic status in 2005-2006 data (n = 3387). Setting and Participants. Stratified, multistage probability sampling was used to identify survey participants. This analysis includes children ages 2-19 (n = 16,074) from the 1999-2006 NHANES who have information on BMI and current asthma. Main Outcome Measure. Self-report of doctor-diagnosed current asthma. Results. Obesity was significantly related to current asthma among children and adolescents (odds ratio [OR]: 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33, 2.12). The association was stronger in nonatopic children (OR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.21, 5.02) than in atopic children (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 0.70, 2.57) (interaction p value = .09). C-reactive protein levels were associated with current asthma in nonatopic children, but not after adjusting for BMI. Conclusion. Excess weight in children is associated with higher rates of asthma, especially asthma that is not accompanied by allergic disease. C1 [Visness, Cynthia M.; Calatroni, Agustin] Rho Fed Syst Div Inc, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. [Visness, Cynthia M.; Daniels, Julie L.; Kaufman, Jay S.; Yeatts, Karin B.; Siega-Riz, Anna-Maria] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [London, Stephanie J.; Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kaufman, Jay S.] McGill Univ, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Occupat Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Visness, CM (reprint author), Rho Fed Syst Div Inc, 6330 Quadrangle Dr,Suite 500, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. EM cindy_visness@rhoworld.com OI Kaufman, Jay/0000-0003-1606-401X; London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [Z01 ES025041]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health [N01 AI-25482] FX This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), under grant number Z01 ES025041 and by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, under contract number N01 AI-25482. NR 30 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PD SEP PY 2010 VL 47 IS 7 BP 822 EP 829 DI 10.3109/02770903.2010.489388 PG 8 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 658VR UT WOS:000282519500019 PM 20707763 ER PT J AU Genaidy, AM Sequeira, R Tolaymat, T Kohler, J Wallace, S Rinder, M AF Genaidy, A. M. Sequeira, R. Tolaymat, T. Kohler, J. Wallace, S. Rinder, M. TI Integrating science and business models of sustainability for environmentally-challenging industries such as secondary lead smelters: A systematic review and analysis of findings SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Management and science models; Sustainable enterprise; Social/environmental/economic determinants of sustainability ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; POLLUTION PREVENTION; CLEANER PRODUCTION; TECHNOLOGIES; ENTERPRISE; RESOURCES; EXPOSURE; DIMENSIONS; FACILITIES; PARADIGMS AB Secondary lead smelters (SLS) represent an environmentally-challenging industry as they deal with toxic substances posing potential threats to both human and environmental health, consequently, they operate under strict government regulations. Such challenges have resulted in the significant reduction of SLS plants in the last three decades. In addition, the domestic recycling of lead has been on a steep decline in the past 10 years as the amount of lead recovered has remained virtually unchanged while consumption has increased. Therefore, one may wonder whether sustainable development can be achieved among SLS. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether a roadmap for sustainable development can be established for SLS. The following aims were established in support of the study objective: (1) to conduct a systematic review and an analysis of models of sustainable systems with a particular emphasis on SLS; (2) to document the challenges for the U.S. secondary lead smelting industry; and (3) to explore practices and concepts which act as vehicles for SLS on the road to sustainable development. An evidence-based methodology was adopted to achieve the study objective. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted to implement the aforementioned specific aims. Inclusion criteria were established to filter out irrelevant scientific papers and reports. The relevant articles were closely scrutinized and appraised to extract the required information and data for the possible development of a sustainable roadmap. The search process yielded a number of research articles which were utilized in the systematic review. Two types of models emerged: management/business and science/mathematical models. Although the management/business models explored actions to achieve sustainable growth in the industrial enterprise, science/mathematical models attempted to explain the sustainable behaviors and properties aiming at predominantly ecosystem management. As such, there are major disconnects between the science/mathematical and management/business models in terms of aims and goals. Therefore, there is an urgent need to integrate science and business models of sustainability for the industrial enterprises at large and environmentally-challenging industrial sectors in particular. In this paper, we offered examples of practices and concepts which can be used in charting a path towards sustainable development for secondary lead smelters particularly that the waste generated is much greater outside the industrial enterprise than inside. An environmentally-challenging industry such as secondary lead smelters requires a fresh look to chart a path towards sustainable development (i.e., survivability and purposive needs) for all stakeholders (i.e., industrial enterprise, individual stakeholders, and social/ecological systems). Such a path should deal with issues beyond pollution prevention, product stewardship and clean technologies. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Genaidy, A. M.; Sequeira, R.; Wallace, S.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Tolaymat, T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kohler, J.] US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Genaidy, A. M.; Rinder, M.] WorldTek Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Genaidy, AM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM world_tek_inc@yahoo.com FU Environmental Protection Agency FX This study was supported by a grant from the Environmental Protection Agency. NR 85 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1872 EP 1882 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.04.004 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 621HA UT WOS:000279565400008 PM 20580988 ER PT J AU Thomas, KW Dosemeci, M Coble, JB Hoppin, JA Sheldon, LS Chapa, G Croghan, CW Jones, PA Knott, CE Lynch, CF Sandler, DP Blair, AE Alavanja, MC AF Thomas, Kent W. Dosemeci, Mustafa Coble, Joseph B. Hoppin, Jane A. Sheldon, Linda S. Chapa, Guadalupe Croghan, Carry W. Jones, Paul A. Knott, Charles E. Lynch, Charles F. Sandler, Dale P. Blair, Aaron E. Alavanja, Michael C. TI Assessment of a pesticide exposure intensity algorithm in the agricultural health study SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2,4-D; chlorpyrifos; exposure measurement; occupational exposure; Agricultural Health Study ID CANCER INCIDENCE; APPLICATORS; INFORMATION; HERBICIDES; WORKERS; MATRIX; COHORT AB The accuracy of the exposure assessment is a critical factor in epidemiological investigations of pesticide exposures and health in agricultural populations. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate questionnaire-based exposure metrics. The Agricultural Health Study (AHS) is a prospective cohort study of pesticide applicators who provided detailed questionnaire information on their use of specific pesticides. A field study was conducted for a subset of the applicators enrolled in the AHS to assess a pesticide exposure algorithm through comparison of algorithm intensity scores with measured exposures. Pre- and post-application urinary biomarker measurements were made for 2,4-D (n = 69) and chlorpyrifos (n = 17) applicators. Dermal patch, hand wipe, and personal air samples were also collected. Intensity scores were calculated using information from technician observations and an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Correlations between observer and questionnaire intensity scores were high (Spearman's r = 0.92 and 0.84 for 2,4-D and chlorpyrifos, respectively). Intensity scores from questionnaires for individual applications were significantly correlated with post-application urinary concentrations for both 2,4-D (r = 0.42, P<0.001) and chlorpyrifos (r = 0.53, P = 0.035) applicators. Significant correlations were also found between intensity scores and estimated hand loading, estimated body loading, and air concentrations for 2,4-D applicators (r-values 0.28-0.50, P-values <0.025). Correlations between intensity scores and dermal and air measures were generally lower for chlorpyrifos applicators using granular products. A linear regression model indicated that the algorithm factors for individual applications explained 24% of the variability in post-application urinary 2,4-D concentration, which increased to 60% when the pre-application urine concentration was included. The results of the measurements support the use of the algorithm for estimating questionnaire-based exposure intensities in the AHS for liquid pesticide products. Refinement of the algorithm may be possible using the results from this and other measurement studies. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2010) 20, 559-569; doi:10.1038/jes.2009.54; published online 4 November 2009 C1 [Thomas, Kent W.; Sheldon, Linda S.; Chapa, Guadalupe; Croghan, Carry W.; Jones, Paul A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dosemeci, Mustafa; Coble, Joseph B.; Blair, Aaron E.; Alavanja, Michael C.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD USA. [Hoppin, Jane A.; Sandler, Dale P.] NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Knott, Charles E.] Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res, Durham, NC USA. [Knott, Charles E.] Battelle Ctr Evaluat, Durham, NC USA. [Lynch, Charles F.] Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Thomas, KW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD E205-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thomas.kent@epa.gov OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU US Environmental Protection Agency [68-D99-011, 68-D99-012, DW-75-93912801-0]; NIH, National Cancer Institute [Z01-CP010119]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES049030] FX The authors thank the AHS cohort members participating in this study for their considerable time and effort. Several EPA researchers provided significant contribution to the study including Ruth Allen, Ross Highsmith, and William Steen. Nyla Logsden-Sackett and Patti Gillette at the University of Iowa AHS Field Station and Joy Herrington, at the Battelle North Carolina AHS Field Station led participant screening activities. We thank Sydney Gordon at Battelle, Stephen Reynolds and Martin Jones at the University of Iowa, and James Raymer and Gerald Akland at the RTI International for leading the field studies. This work has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency under Contracts 68-D99-011 and 68-D99-012, through Interagency Agreement DW-75-93912801-0. It has been subjected to Agency administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This work has been supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute (Z01-CP010119) and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES049030). NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 20 IS 6 BP 559 EP 569 DI 10.1038/jes.2009.54 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 647NL UT WOS:000281625100010 PM 19888312 ER PT J AU Seipel, AT Yakel, JL AF Seipel, Andrew T. Yakel, Jerrel L. TI The frequency-dependence of the nicotine-induced inhibition of dopamine is controlled by the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alpha 7 receptor; beta 2 receptor; dopamine; nicotine; striatum; voltammetry ID ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; SUBUNIT COMPOSITION; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; IN-VITRO; RELEASE; STRIATUM; DISCOVERY; RAT; SUBTYPES AB Voltammetric analyses show that low (100-500 nM) doses of nicotine regulate striatal dopamine by inhibiting release evoked by a single stimulation to a greater extent than release evoked by high frequency stimulations. This frequency-dependent inhibition is because of nicotine desensitizing heteromeric beta 2 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes. Surprisingly, a high dose of nicotine (2 mu M; capable of interacting with additional nAChR subtypes) produced an inhibition of dopamine evoked by high frequency stimulation, an effect that was not seen with the low dose of nicotine or the beta 2 antagonist, dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide. This inhibition was replicated by application of 7 nAChR antagonists methyllcaconitine citrate or -bungarotoxin in conjunction with the low dose of nicotine or dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide. Blocking 7 receptor function alone produced a modest increase in dopamine evoked by single pulse stimulation while not affecting dopamine evoked by high frequency stimulation. The antagonist results were mimicked using selective 7 agonists PHA 543613 and PNU 282987. The frequency dependence of the low dose nicotine inhibition therefore requires functional 7 nAChRs, and may arise from differing levels of endogenous acetylcholine evoked by the stimulation. C1 [Seipel, Andrew T.; Yakel, Jerrel L.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Yakel, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, F2-08,POB 12233,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM yakel@niehs.nih.gov FU NIEHS/NIH FX Research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIEHS/NIH. We are grateful to Drs. Christian Erxleben and Steve Simons for valuable suggestions in the writing of this manuscript. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 114 IS 6 BP 1659 EP 1666 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06883.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 646NQ UT WOS:000281549600012 PM 20598018 ER PT J AU Brown, MJ Ammon, M Grevatt, P AF Brown, Mary Jean Ammon, Matthew Grevatt, Peter TI Federal Agency Support for Healthy Homes SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE federal agencies; healthy homes; interagency collaboration; quality of life AB Numerous studies have demonstrated that housing interventions such as addressing structural deficiencies or lack of safety devices improve health. These successes, coupled with reports by health care and housing professionals of other health and safety issues in homes that they were unable to address, have renewed interest in promoting health by addressing unhealthy housing conditions-but with a holistic approach. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Housing and Urban Development, and US Environmental Protection Agency fund programs to improve indoor air and drinking water quality and prevent childhood lead poisoning. All of these programs offer valuable lessons for designing more integrated programs. The federal agencies and their grantees have demonstrated that interagency collaboration is essential for successful outcomes. However, the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Centers for Disease Control recognize that no individual agency has all of the necessary resources or expertise to formulate national programs and policies and implement a national healthy homes agenda. Thus, they have come together with the US Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Energy, the US Department of Agriculture, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the Office of the Surgeon General to form an interagency working group to ensure that vigorous, healthy homes policies are implemented at federal, national, and community levels. C1 [Brown, Mary Jean] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Healthy Homes & Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Ammon, Matthew] Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Off Healthy Homes & Lead Hazard Control, Washington, DC USA. [Grevatt, Peter] US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Brown, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Healthy Homes & Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mjb5@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 16 IS 5 SU S BP S90 EP S93 DI 10.1097/PHH.0b013e3181ddf63d PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 641EQ UT WOS:000281108000014 PM 20689381 ER PT J AU Jacobs, DE Brown, MJ Baeder, A Sucosky, MS Margolis, S Hershovitz, J Kolb, L Morley, RL AF Jacobs, David E. Brown, Mary Jean Baeder, Andrea Sucosky, Marissa Scalia Margolis, Stephen Hershovitz, Jerry Kolb, Laura Morley, Rebecca L. TI A Systematic Review of Housing Interventions and Health: Introduction, Methods, and Summary Findings SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Review DE health; housing; intervention; prevention AB Subject matter experts systematically reviewed evidence on the effectiveness of specific housing interventions in improving health. The panelists reviewed housing interventions associated with exposure to biological and chemical agents, structural injury hazards, and community-level interventions. Intervention studies were grouped together according to recommendations in the Guide to Community Preventive Services, which identifies similarities in the type of intervention, its delivery and setting, and the target population. Review panelists found that 11 interventions had sufficient evidence of effectiveness, 15 required more field evaluation, 19 needed formative research, and 7 either had no evidence of effectiveness or were ineffective. Although many housing conditions are associated with adverse health outcomes, sufficient evidence now shows that specific housing interventions can improve certain health outcomes. The results of these evidence reviews can inform a robust agenda for widespread implementation and further research. This article highlights the project's research methods and summary findings, and its companion articles detail the evidence reviews for specific housing interventions. C1 [Jacobs, David E.; Morley, Rebecca L.] Natl Ctr Healthy Housing, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Brown, Mary Jean; Baeder, Andrea; Sucosky, Marissa Scalia; Hershovitz, Jerry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Margolis, Stephen] Emory Univ, Rollins Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kolb, Laura] US EPA, Indoor Environm Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Jacobs, DE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Healthy Housing, 10320 Little Patuxent Pkwy,Ste 500, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. EM djacobs@nchh.org NR 19 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 16 IS 5 SU S BP S5 EP S10 DI 10.1097/PHH.0b013e3181e31d09 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 641EQ UT WOS:000281108000003 PM 20689375 ER PT J AU Krieger, J Jacobs, DE Ashley, PJ Baeder, A Chew, GL Dearborn, D Hynes, HP Miller, JD Morley, R Rabito, F Zeldin, DC AF Krieger, James Jacobs, David E. Ashley, Peter J. Baeder, Andrea Chew, Ginger L. Dearborn, Dorr Hynes, H. Patricia Miller, J. David Morley, Rebecca Rabito, Felicia Zeldin, Darryl C. TI Housing Interventions and Control of Asthma-Related Indoor Biologic Agents: A Review of the Evidence SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Review DE allergens; asthma; cockroaches; dust; housing; mice; mites; moisture; prevention; rats ID DUST MITE ALLERGEN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; HEALTH WORKER INTERVENTION; INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT; IMPERMEABLE BED COVERS; LOW-INCOME; COCKROACH ALLERGEN; MOUSE ALLERGEN; MECHANICAL VENTILATION AB Subject matter experts systematically reviewed evidence on the effectiveness of housing interventions that affect health outcomes, primarily asthma, associated with exposure to moisture, mold, and allergens. Three of the 11 interventions reviewed had sufficient evidence for implementation: multifaceted, in-home, tailored interventions for reducing asthma morbidity; integrated pest management to reduce cockroach allergen; and combined elimination of moisture intrusion and leaks and removal of moldy items to reduce mold and respiratory symptoms. Four interventions needed more field evaluation, 1 needed formative research, and 3 either had no evidence of effectiveness or were ineffective. The 3 interventions with sufficient evidence all applied multiple, integrated strategies. This evidence review shows that selected interventions that improve housing conditions will reduce morbidity from asthma and respiratory allergies. C1 [Krieger, James] Publ Health Seattle & King Cty, Chron Dis & Injury Prevent Sect, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Jacobs, David E.; Morley, Rebecca] Natl Ctr Healthy Housing, Columbia, MD USA. [Ashley, Peter J.] US Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Off Healthy Homes & Lead Hazard Control, Washington, DC USA. [Baeder, Andrea; Chew, Ginger L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dearborn, Dorr] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Hynes, H. Patricia] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Miller, J. David] Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Rabito, Felicia] Tulane Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Krieger, J (reprint author), Publ Health Seattle & King Cty, Chron Dis & Injury Prevent Sect, Chinook Bldg,Ste 900,401 5th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM james.krieger@kingcounty.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA ES025041-16]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES 009089, P30 ES009089] NR 99 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 18 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 16 IS 5 SU S BP S11 EP S20 DI 10.1097/PHH.0b013e3181ddcbd9 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 641EQ UT WOS:000281108000004 PM 20689369 ER PT J AU Abhishek, A Lee, JY Keener, TC Yang, YJ AF Abhishek, A. Lee, Joo-Youp Keener, Tim C. Yang, Y. Jeffery TI Long-Term Wind Speed Variations for Three Midwestern US Cities SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID URBAN HEAT-ISLAND; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRENDS; VARIABILITY; IDENTIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; CIRCULATION; PATTERNS; IMPACTS AB Long-term wind speed variations were investigated for three midwestern cities including Indianapolis, IN; Cincinnati, OH; and Little Rock, AR in the continental United States. These cities were chosen because their topography is relatively flat and unaffected by large mountain ranges or other topographical features, they represent important regional economic centers, and they have all undergone major air quality management efforts over the past 35 yr to attempt to meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The hourly data were obtained from the National Climatic Data Center from 1943 to 2008 for Indianapolis and Little Rock and from 1948 to 2008 for Cincinnati. The analysis included calculating the frequency of calms and wind speeds over five different bins for the respective cities. The results indicate a significant increase in the frequency of calms (statistical significance >99.999%) and a decrease in the overall frequency of other wind speeds for all three cities. Increasing trend in calms is more predominant during the ozone season (April through October). The results from regression analysis, significance testing, and spatial correlation analysis support the argument that a common "midwestern" large-scale atmospheric forcing is influencing surface wind speed in this area. It was found that for all three cities the Pacific North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern has the highest relative association with the trends in wind speed. The results support large-scale continental effects (like teleconnections) as a hypothesis to be examined more closely along with already established evidence of the influence of the Pacific and Atlantic teleconnection anomalies. Reduced wind speed may have implications on air quality management efforts in the region. Increases in the frequency of calms would affect ozone distribution patterns and may suggest a need to make changes to their ozone mitigation strategy. Weaker winds would ventilate pollutants from these areas less effectively, which could be problematic from a human health point of view, particularly for asthmatics. C1 [Abhishek, A.; Keener, Tim C.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lee, Joo-Youp] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Yang, Y. Jeffery] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Keener, TC (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 765 Baldwin Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Tim.Keener@uc.edu FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory of EPA FX This research was funded by the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of EPA. This paper has not been subjected to internal policy review. Therefore, the research results presented herein do not necessarily reflect the views of EPA or its policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 60 IS 9 BP 1057 EP 1064 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.60.9.1057 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646JL UT WOS:000281535900004 PM 20863051 ER PT J AU George, BJ Whitaker, DA Gilliam, RC Swall, JL Williams, RW AF George, Barbara Jane Whitaker, Donald A. Gilliam, Robert C. Swall, Jenise L. Williams, Ronald W. TI Relationship between PM2.5 Collected at Residential Outdoor Locations and a Central Site SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY PTEAM; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; MANGANESE EXPOSURES; PERSONAL EXPOSURE; MASS CONCENTRATIONS; MATTER PANEL; FINE; COMMUNITY; INDOOR; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Regression models are developed to describe the relationship between ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter [PM] <= 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter) mass concentrations measured at a central-site monitor with those at residential outdoor monitors. Understanding the determinants and magnitude of variability and uncertainty in this relationship is critical for understanding personal exposures in the evaluation of epidemiological data. The repeated measures regression models presented here address temporal and spatial characteristics of data measured in the 2004-2007 Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study, and they take into account missing data and other. data features. The models incorporate turbulence kinetic energy and planetary boundary layer height, meteorological data that are not routinely considered in models that relate central-site concentrations to exposure to health effects. It was found that turbulence kinetic energy was highly statistically significant in explaining the relationship of PM2.5 measured at a particular stationary outdoor air monitoring site with PM2.5 measured outside nearby residences for the temporal coverage of the data. C1 [George, Barbara Jane] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Exposure Modeling Res Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP George, BJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Exposure Modeling Res Branch, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Drop E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM george.bj@epa.gov OI Swall, Jenise/0000-0001-8728-5771 FU EPA, through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-05-065] FX The authors thank Linda Sheldon of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s National Exposure Research Laboratory for her question that sparked this work and Fred Dimmick of EPA's Process Modeling Research Branch, Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division for his comments about the mixing layer of the atmosphere. His comments led us to meteorologists Brian Eder and Robert Gilliam of EPA's Atmospheric Modeling and Analysis Division, who recommended turbulence kinetic energy and planetary boundary layer height as important boundary layer measures. The authors also thank James Chromy of Research Triangle Institute International, Fred Dimmick, Brian Eder, and the anonymous peer reviewers for helpful discussions and constructive comments during the course of preparing the final manuscript. EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here under contract EP-D-05-065 to Alion Science & Technology. It has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 60 IS 9 BP 1094 EP 1104 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.60.9.1094 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646JL UT WOS:000281535900007 PM 20863054 ER PT J AU Jones, DL AF Jones, Donna Lee TI Potential Air Emission Impacts of Cellulosic Ethanol Production at Seven Demonstration Refineries in the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID L-ARABINOSE; FERMENTATION; TRANSPORTATION; DETOXIFICATION; BIOFUELS; XYLOSE AB This paper reports on the estimated potential air emissions, as found in air permits and supporting documentation, for seven of the first group of precommercial or "demonstration" cellulosic ethanol refineries (7CEDF) currently operating or planning to operate in the United States in the near future. These seven refineries are designed to produce from 330,000 to 100 million gal of ethanol per year. The overall average estimated air emission rates for criteria, hazardous, and greenhouse gas pollutants at the 7CEDF are shown here in terms of tons per year and pounds per gallon of ethanol produced. Water use rates estimated for the cellulosic ethanol refineries are also noted. The air emissions are then compared with similar estimates from a U.S. cellulosic ethanol pilot plant, a commercial Canadian cellulosic ethanol refinery, four commercial U.S. corn ethanol refineries, and U.S. petroleum refineries producing gasoline. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) air pollution rules that may apply to cellulosic ethanol refineries are also discussed. Using the lowest estimated emission rates from these cellulosic ethanol demonstration facilities to project air emissions, EPA's major source thresholds for criteria and hazardous air pollutants might not be exceeded by cellulosic ethanol refineries that produce as high as 25 million gal per year of ethanol (95 ML). Emissions are expected to decrease at cellulosic ethanol refineries as the process matures and becomes more commercially viable. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Atmospher Protect Branch,Air Pollut Prevent & Con, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jones, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Atmospher Protect Branch,Air Pollut Prevent & Con, D243-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Jones.DonnaLee@epa.gov NR 110 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 60 IS 9 BP 1118 EP 1143 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.60.9.1118 PG 26 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646JL UT WOS:000281535900009 PM 20863056 ER PT J AU Staddon, JER MacPhail, RC Padilla, S AF Staddon, J. E. R. MacPhail, R. C. Padilla, S. TI THE DYNAMICS OF SUCCESSIVE INDUCTION IN LARVAL ZEBRAFISH SO JOURNAL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE dynamics; habituation; contrast; light; reflex; activity; zebrafish AB Charles Sherrington identified the properties of the synapse by purely behavioral meansthe study of reflexesmore than 100 years ago. They were subsequently confirmed neurophysiologically. Studying reflex interaction, he also showed that activating one reflex often facilitates another, antagonistic one: successive induction, which has since been demonstrated in a wide range of species, from aphids to grasshoppers to dogs and humans. We show a particularly orderly example in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae; the behavior (locomotion) of larvae is low in dark and intermediate in light, but low in light and substantially higher in dark when dark followed light. A quantitative model of a simple dynamic process is described that readily captures the behavior pattern and the effects of a number of manipulations of lighting conditions. C1 [Staddon, J. E. R.] Duke Univ, Dept Psychol & Neurosci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Staddon, J. E. R.] Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [MacPhail, R. C.; Padilla, S.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [MacPhail, R. C.; Padilla, S.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Staddon, JER (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Psychol & Neurosci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC EXP ANALYSIS BEHAVIOR INC PI BLOOMINGTON PA INDIANA UNIV DEPT PSYCHOLOGY, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47405 USA SN 0022-5002 J9 J EXP ANAL BEHAV JI J. Exp. Anal. Behav. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 94 IS 2 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.1901/jeab.2010.94-261 PG 6 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 647LA UT WOS:000281618800011 PM 21451752 ER PT J AU Whittier, TR Van Sickle, J AF Whittier, Thomas R. Van Sickle, John TI Macroinvertebrate tolerance values and an assemblage tolerance index (ATI) for western USA streams and rivers SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE tolerance values; macroinvertebrates; assemblage tolerance index; western USA; streams; rivers; human disturbance AB Macroinvertebrate taxon tolerances to human disturbance have been key components of bioassessment since the early 20(th) century. Initially, tolerances were used to evaluate organic pollution, but more recently, their use has been generalized to evaluate overall disturbance. Numeric tolerance values have been assigned to individual taxa in many previous studies, but their origins can be unknown, and the values can lack empirical basis. We used macroinvertebrate data collected at 1106 stream and river sites in 12 western states sampled during the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) in 2000 to 2004 to develop macroinvertebrate tolerance values for western US lotic ecosystems. We used principal components analysis to create a 9-variable synthetic disturbance variable (SDV) for overall human disturbance at those sites. The SDV included measures of nutrients, site-scale physical habitat, and catchment-scale land use. For taxa found at >= 20 sites, we calculated tolerance values at multiple levels of taxonomic resolution as the weighted (mean + standard deviation) of the SDV at the sites with relative abundances as the weights. We then used the taxon tolerance values and relative abundances at each site to calculate an assemblage tolerance index (ATI) score at several levels of taxonomic resolution. These results should help inform discussions of the level of taxonomic resolution needed for bioassessments. We also discuss how the tolerance values could be used to improve the sensitivity of bioassessment metrics. C1 [Whittier, Thomas R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Van Sickle, John] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Whittier, TR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM whittier.thom@epa.gov; vansickle.john@epa.gov FU US EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, in Corvallis, Oregon [CR831682-01]; US EPA [X7-960868-01] FX The field data were collected by agency or contract crews of the 12 states in the EMAP-Western Pilot assessment area, and by Dynamac Corporation crews. Database management and GIS support were provided by the Corvallis, Oregon, staffs of Computer Sciences Corporation and Indus Corporation, respectively. We thank Bill Gerth for useful discussions about macroinvertebrate ecology and taxonomy. Comments from S. Hubler, M. Mulvey, Daren Carlisle, Pam Silver, and 2 anonymous referees on earlier versions of our manuscript improved this paper. This document has been prepared at the US EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, in Corvallis, Oregon, through Cooperative Agreement CR831682-01 and US EPA Region 10 Grant X7-960868-01 to Oregon State University. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement for use. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 20 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 3 BP 852 EP 866 DI 10.1899/09-160.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 635XY UT WOS:000280692400006 ER PT J AU Pandolfo, TJ Cope, WG Arellano, C Bringolf, RB Barnhart, MC Hammer, E AF Pandolfo, Tamara J. Cope, W. Gregory Arellano, Consuelo Bringolf, Robert B. Barnhart, M. Christopher Hammer, Edward TI Upper thermal tolerances of early life stages of freshwater mussels SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussel; Unionidae; glochidia; juvenile; temperature; thermal tolerance; LT50; LT05 ID UPPER TEMPERATURE TOLERANCES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISH HOSTS; EUROPEAN MOLLUSKS; UNITED-STATES; PEARL MUSSEL; POWER-PLANT; BIVALVIA; UNIONIDAE; COMMUNITIES AB Freshwater mussels (order Unioniformes) fulfill an essential role in benthic aquatic communities, but also are among the most sensitive and rapidly declining faunal groups in North America. Rising water temperatures, caused by global climate change, industrial discharges, drought, or land development, could further challenge imperiled unionid communities. The aim of our study was to determine the upper thermal tolerances of the larval (glochidia) and juvenile life stages of freshwater mussels. Glochidia of 8 species of mussels were tested: Lampsilis siliquoidea, Potamilus alatus, Ligumia recta, Ellipsaria lineolata, Lasmigona complanata, Megalonaias nervosa, Alasmidonta varicosa, and Villosa delumbis. Seven of these species also were tested as juveniles. Survival trends were monitored while mussels held at 3 acclimation temperatures (17, 22, and 27 degrees C) were exposed to a range of common and extreme water temperatures (20-42 degrees C) in standard acute laboratory tests. The average median lethal temperature (LT50) among species in 24-h tests with glochidia was 31.6 degrees C and ranged from 21.4 to 42.7 degrees C. The mean LT50 in 96-h juvenile tests was 34.7 degrees C and ranged from 32.5 to 38.8 degrees C. Based on comparisons of LT50s, thermal tolerances differed among species for glochidia, but not for juveniles. Acclimation temperature did not affect thermal tolerance for either life stage. Our results indicate that freshwater mussels already might be living close to their upper thermal tolerances in some systems and, thus, might be at risk from rising environmental temperatures. C1 [Pandolfo, Tamara J.; Cope, W. Gregory] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Arellano, Consuelo] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bringolf, Robert B.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Barnhart, M. Christopher] Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Hammer, Edward] US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Pandolfo, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tjpandol@ncsu.edu; greg_cope@ncsu.edu; arellano@stat.ncsu.edu; rbringolf@warnell.uga.edu; chrisbarnhart@missouristate.edu; hammer.edward@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [DW-14-94814301] FX Funding for this research was provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) grant agreement number DW-14-94814301 to WGC. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of the US EPA. We thank Chris Eads and Renae Greiner at the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine for providing Atlantic Slope mussel species. We thank Andrea Crownhart and Michael Pillow of Missouri State University for assistance in providing Interior Basin test organisms. NR 51 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 11 U2 56 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 3 BP 959 EP 969 DI 10.1899/09-128.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 635XY UT WOS:000280692400014 ER PT J AU Milbrandt, EC Coble, PG Conmy, RN Martignette, AJ Siwicke, JJ AF Milbrandt, E. C. Coble, P. G. Conmy, R. N. Martignette, A. J. Siwicke, J. J. TI Evidence for the production of marine fluorescence dissolved organic matter in coastal environments and a possible mechanism for formation and dispersion SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RIVER PLUME; CDOM; FLORIDA; SPECTROSCOPY; ESTUARIES; VARIABILITY; WATERS; SEA AB A positive linear relationship between salinity and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) was observed on several occasions along the West Florida shelf at salinities greater than 36.5. This represents a departure from the typical inverse relationship between FDOM and salinity observed in most coastal regions caused by the mixing of riverine FDOM with clear oceanic water. Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrices showed that the high-salinity, high-FDOM water had blue-shifted spectra characteristic of autochthonous, marine FDOM, with peak M concentrations eight times higher than previously reported for seawater. The blue-shifted fluorescence endmember at high salinity was clearly distinguishable from a photobleached FDOM endmember. A high-resolution time series collected in a shallow embayment with significant Gulf of Mexico influence supplemented cruise data and provided a possible mechanism for the formation of high-salinity, high-FDOM water. During a dry period of spring tides, high-salinity, high-FDOM water was exported at ebb tide and lower-salinity, low-FDOM water was imported during flood tide. During neap tide, FDOM and salinity demonstrated no evidence of either export or dilution from incoming seawater. After a significant rain event, a more typical inverse relationship between salinity and FDOM was observed. Production of FDOM-rich water in shallow embayments has not been observed previously. This is likely an important source of organic matter and dispersion of this material may explain observations of a high-salinity, high-FDOM water in adjacent coastal regions. C1 [Milbrandt, E. C.; Martignette, A. J.; Siwicke, J. J.] Sanibel Captiva Conservat Fdn, Marine Lab, Sanibel, FL USA. [Coble, P. G.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Conmy, R. N.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. RP Milbrandt, EC (reprint author), Sanibel Captiva Conservat Fdn, Marine Lab, Sanibel, FL USA. EM emilbran@sccf.org OI Milbrandt, Eric/0000-0003-1998-7055 FU Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation's (SCCF) Marine Laboratory; Lee County Tourism Development Council; National Aeronautic and Space Administration; Office of Naval Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (Ecology of Harmful Algae Bloom and Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorologic Laboratory); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX Funding was provided by the Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation's (SCCF) Marine Laboratory (E.C.M.), Lee County Tourism Development Council (E.C.M.), National Aeronautic and Space Administration (R.N.C.), and Office of Naval Research (P.G.C.). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (Ecology of Harmful Algae Bloom and Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorologic Laboratory) funded the West Florida Shelf cruise experiments. A. Rybak (SCCF) provided the map of the study area, including the location of the time series deployment. The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their comments, which improved the manuscript. This is contribution number 0018 from the SCCF Marine Laboratory and contribution number 1371 from the Gulf Ecology Division. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 55 IS 5 BP 2037 EP 2051 DI 10.4319/lo.2010.55.5.2037 PG 15 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 673MI UT WOS:000283667100021 ER PT J AU Li, ZK Lee, K King, T Boufadel, MC Venosa, AD AF Li, Zhengkai Lee, Kenneth King, Thomas Boufadel, Michel C. Venosa, Albert D. TI Effects of temperature and wave conditions on chemical dispersion efficacy of heavy fuel oil in an experimental flow-through wave tank SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Chemical dispersion; Heavy fuel oil; Temperature effect; Wave effect; Dynamic dispersant effectiveness; Droplet size distribution ID BAFFLED FLASK TEST; DISSIPATION; BREAKING; SPILLS AB The effectiveness of chemical dispersants (Corexit 9500 and SPC 1000) on heavy fuel oil (IFO180 as test oil) has been evaluated under different wave conditions in a flow-through wave tank. The dispersant effectiveness was determined by measuring oil concentrations and droplet size distributions. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model indicated that wave type and temperature significantly (p < 0.05) affected the dynamic dispersant effectiveness (DDE). At higher temperatures (16 degrees C), the test IFO180 was effectively dispersed under breaking waves with a DDE of 90% and 50% for Corexit 9500 and SPC 1000, respectively. The dispersion was ineffective under breaking waves at lower temperature (10 degrees C), and under regular wave conditions at all temperatures (10-17 degrees C), with DDE < 15%. Effective chemical dispersion was associated with formation of smaller droplets (with volumetric mean diameters or VMD 200 mu m), whereas ineffective dispersion produced large oil droplets (with VMD >= 400 mu m). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Zhengkai; Lee, Kenneth; King, Thomas] Fisheries & Oceans DFO Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, COOGER, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Boufadel, Michel C.] Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Venosa, Albert D.] US EPA, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Li, ZK (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans DFO Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, COOGER, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM Zhengkai.Li@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU US EPA [68-C-00-159] FX This research was funded by the Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD), US EPA (contract No. 68-C-00-159), and NOAA/UNH Coastal Response Research Center (NOAA Grant No.: NA04N0S4190063 UNH Agreement No.: 06-085). The IFO180 testing oil was kindly provided by Mr. Joseph V. Mullin from the Minerals Management Service of the US Department of the interior. The authors wish to thank D. Bellibeau, J. Niven, B. Robinson and X. Ma for skilful technical assistance. Dr. P.E. Kepkay has provided useful comments on an earlier version to improve the manuscript. The findings, opinions, and recommendations expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the funding agencies. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 60 IS 9 BP 1550 EP 1559 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.04.012 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 653FY UT WOS:000282075500029 PM 20483435 ER PT J AU Wang, XQ Sykes, DB Miller, DS AF Wang, Xueqian Sykes, Destiny B. Miller, David S. TI Constitutive Androstane Receptor-Mediated Up-Regulation of ATP-Driven Xenobiotic Efflux Transporters at the Blood-Brain Barrier SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; MOUSE-LIVER; SENSING RECEPTORS; DRUG TRANSPORTER; CAR; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; RESISTANCE AB ATP-driven efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier both protect against neurotoxicants and limit drug delivery to the brain. In other barrier and excretory tissues, efflux transporter expression is regulated by certain ligand-activated nuclear receptors. Here we identified constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) as a positive regulator of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) expression in rat and mouse brain capillaries. Exposing rat brain capillaries to the CAR activator, phenobarbital (PB), increased the transport activity and protein expression (Western blots) of P-glycoprotein, Mrp2, and BCRP. Induction of transport was abolished by the protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor, OA. Similar effects on transporter activity and expression were found when mouse brain capillaries were exposed to the mouse-specific CAR ligand, 1,4-bis-[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOP). In brain capillaries from CAR-null mice, TCPOBOP did not increase transporter activity. Finally, treating mice with 0.33 mg/kg TCPOBOP or rats with 80 mg/kg PB increased P-glycoprotein-, Mrp2-, and BCRP-mediated transport and protein expression in brain capillaries assayed ex vivo. Thus, CAR activation selectively tightens the blood-brain barrier by increasing transport activity and protein expression of three xenobiotic efflux pumps. C1 [Wang, Xueqian; Sykes, Destiny B.; Miller, David S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Miller, DS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM miller@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. NR 35 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 78 IS 3 BP 376 EP 383 DI 10.1124/mol.110.063685 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 641DK UT WOS:000281104700007 PM 20547735 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Shi, JS Zhou, H Wilson, B Hong, JS Gao, HM AF Zhang, Feng Shi, Jing-Shan Zhou, Hui Wilson, Belinda Hong, Jau-Shyong Gao, Hui-Ming TI Resveratrol Protects Dopamine Neurons Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neurotoxicity through Its Anti-Inflammatory Actions SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NADPH OXIDASE ACTIVITY; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION; NITRIC-OXIDE; IN-VITRO; DEGENERATION; RESPONSES; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. Accumulating evidence indicates that inhibition of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation may become a reliable protective strategy for PD. Resveratrol, a nonflavonoid polyphenol naturally found in red wine and grapes, has been known to possess antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Although recent studies have shown that resveratrol provided neuroprotective effects against ischemia, seizure, and neurodegenerative disorders, the mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects on dopaminergic neurodegeneration are poorly defined. In this study, rat primary midbrain neuron-glia cultures were used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying resveratrol-mediated neuroprotection. The results clearly demonstrated that resveratrol protected DA neurons against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neurotoxicity in concentration-and time-dependent manners through the inhibition of microglial activation and the subsequent reduction of proinflammatory factor release. Mechanistically, resveratrol-mediated neuroprotection was attributed to the inhibition of NADPH oxidase. This conclusion is supported by the following observations. First, resveratrol reduced NADPH oxidase-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species. Second, LPS-induced translocation of NADPH oxidase cytosolic subunit p47 to the cell membrane was significantly attenuated by resveratrol. Third and most importantly, resveratrol failed to exhibit neuroprotection in cultures from NADPH oxidase-deficient mice. Furthermore, this neuroprotection was also related to an attenuation of the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways in microglia. These findings suggest that resveratrol exerts neuroprotection against LPS-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration, and NADPH oxidase may be a major player in resveratrol-mediated neuroprotection. C1 [Zhang, Feng; Zhou, Hui; Wilson, Belinda; Hong, Jau-Shyong; Gao, Hui-Ming] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neuropharmacol Sect, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Zhang, Feng; Shi, Jing-Shan] Shanghai Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Feng; Shi, Jing-Shan] Zunyi Med Coll, Dept Pharmacol, Zunyi, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Feng; Shi, Jing-Shan] Zunyi Med Coll, Key Lab Basic Pharmacol Guizhou, Zunyi, Peoples R China. RP Gao, HM (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neuropharmacol Sect, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM gao2@niehs.nih.gov RI gao, huiming/C-8454-2012 FU National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [XXX]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30960447]; Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province of China [20107030] FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Grant XXX]; the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 30960447]; and the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province of China [Grant 20107030]. NR 38 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 78 IS 3 BP 466 EP 477 DI 10.1124/mol.110.064535 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 641DK UT WOS:000281104700017 PM 20554604 ER PT J AU Nielsen-Gammon, JW Hu, XM Zhang, FQ Pleim, JE AF Nielsen-Gammon, John W. Hu, Xiao-Ming Zhang, Fuqing Pleim, Jonathan E. TI Evaluation of Planetary Boundary Layer Scheme Sensitivities for the Purpose of Parameter Estimation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; PART I; DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; STATE; IDENTIFIABILITY; RAINFALL AB Meteorological model errors caused by imperfect parameterizations generally cannot be overcome simply by optimizing initial and boundary conditions. However, advanced data assimilation methods are capable of extracting significant information about parameterization behavior from the observations, and thus can be used to estimate model parameters while they adjust the model state. Such parameters should be identifiable, meaning that they must have a detectible impact on observable aspects of the model behavior, their individual impacts should be a monotonic function of the parameter values, and the various impacts should be clearly distinguishable from each other. A sensitivity analysis is conducted for the parameters within the Asymmetrical Convective Model, version 2 (ACM2) planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme in the Weather Research and Forecasting model in order to determine the parameters most suited for estimation. A total of 10 candidate parameters are selected from what is, in general, an infinite number of parameters, most being implicit or hidden. Multiple sets of model simulations are performed to test the sensitivity of the simulations to these 10 particular ACM2 parameters within their plausible physical bounds. The most identifiable parameters are found to govern the vertical profile of local mixing within the unstable PBL, the minimum allowable diffusivity, the definition of the height of the unstable PBL, and the Richardson number criterion used to determine the onset of turbulent mixing in stable stratification. Differences in observability imply that the specific choice of parameters to be estimated should depend upon the characteristics of the observations being assimilated. C1 [Nielsen-Gammon, John W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hu, Xiao-Ming; Zhang, Fuqing] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Pleim, Jonathan E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Nielsen-Gammon, JW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 3150 Tamus, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM n-g@tamu.edu RI Hu, Xiao-Ming/D-8085-2011; Nielsen-Gammon, John/G-9771-2012; Zhang, Fuqing/E-6522-2010; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Hu, Xiao-Ming/0000-0002-0769-5090; Nielsen-Gammon, John/0000-0001-5336-2409; Zhang, Fuqing/0000-0003-4860-9985; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 FU State of Texas, Houston Advanced Research Center; Texas Environmental Research Consortium; Texas Commission on Environmental Quality FX This work was supported by the State of Texas through a contract from the Houston Advanced Research Center, the Texas Environmental Research Consortium, and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 138 IS 9 BP 3400 EP 3417 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3292.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 656CO UT WOS:000282303700003 ER PT J AU Demir, E Cary, MP Paley, S Fukuda, K Lemer, C Vastrik, I Wu, GN D'Eustachio, P Schaefer, C Luciano, J Schacherer, F Martinez-Flores, I Hu, ZJ Jimenez-Jacinto, V Joshi-Tope, G Kandasamy, K Lopez-Fuentes, AC Mi, HY Pichler, E Rodchenkov, I Splendiani, A Tkachev, S Zucker, J Gopinath, G Rajasimha, H Ramakrishnan, R Shah, I Syed, M Anwar, N Babur, O Blinov, M Brauner, E Corwin, D Donaldson, S Gibbons, F Goldberg, R Hornbeck, P Luna, A Murray-Rust, P Neumann, E Reubenacker, O Samwald, M van Iersel, M Wimalaratne, S Allen, K Braun, B Whirl-Carrillo, M Cheung, KH Dahlquist, K Finney, A Gillespie, M Glass, E Gong, L Haw, R Honig, M Hubaut, O Kane, D Krupa, S Kutmon, M Leonard, J Marks, D Merberg, D Petri, V Pico, A Ravenscroft, D Ren, LY Shah, N Sunshine, M Tang, R Whaley, R Letovksy, S Buetow, KH Rzhetsky, A Schachter, V Sobral, BS Dogrusoz, U McWeeney, S Aladjem, M Birney, E Collado-Vides, J Goto, S Hucka, M Le Novere, N Maltsev, N Pandey, A Thomas, P Wingender, E Karp, PD Sander, C Bader, GD AF Demir, Emek Cary, Michael P. Paley, Suzanne Fukuda, Ken Lemer, Christian Vastrik, Imre Wu, Guanming D'Eustachio, Peter Schaefer, Carl Luciano, Joanne Schacherer, Frank Martinez-Flores, Irma Hu, Zhenjun Jimenez-Jacinto, Veronica Joshi-Tope, Geeta Kandasamy, Kumaran Lopez-Fuentes, Alejandra C. Mi, Huaiyu Pichler, Elgar Rodchenkov, Igor Splendiani, Andrea Tkachev, Sasha Zucker, Jeremy Gopinath, Gopal Rajasimha, Harsha Ramakrishnan, Ranjani Shah, Imran Syed, Mustafa Anwar, Nadia Babur, Oezguen Blinov, Michael Brauner, Erik Corwin, Dan Donaldson, Sylva Gibbons, Frank Goldberg, Robert Hornbeck, Peter Luna, Augustin Murray-Rust, Peter Neumann, Eric Reubenacker, Oliver Samwald, Matthias van Iersel, Martijn Wimalaratne, Sarala Allen, Keith Braun, Burk Whirl-Carrillo, Michelle Cheung, Kei-Hoi Dahlquist, Kam Finney, Andrew Gillespie, Marc Glass, Elizabeth Gong, Li Haw, Robin Honig, Michael Hubaut, Olivier Kane, David Krupa, Shiva Kutmon, Martina Leonard, Julie Marks, Debbie Merberg, David Petri, Victoria Pico, Alex Ravenscroft, Dean Ren, Liya Shah, Nigam Sunshine, Margot Tang, Rebecca Whaley, Ryan Letovksy, Stan Buetow, Kenneth H. Rzhetsky, Andrey Schachter, Vincent Sobral, Bruno S. Dogrusoz, Ugur McWeeney, Shannon Aladjem, Mirit Birney, Ewan Collado-Vides, Julio Goto, Susumu Hucka, Michael Le Novere, Nicolas Maltsev, Natalia Pandey, Akhilesh Thomas, Paul Wingender, Edgar Karp, Peter D. Sander, Chris Bader, Gary D. TI The BioPAX community standard for pathway data sharing SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; COLLABORATIVE CONSTRUCTION; SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT; INTERACTION NETWORK; CELLULAR PATHWAYS; REPRESENTATION; ONTOLOGY; INFORMATION; CANCER; KNOWLEDGEBASE AB Biological Pathway Exchange (BioPAX) is a standard language to represent biological pathways at the molecular and cellular level and to facilitate the exchange of pathway data. The rapid growth of the volume of pathway data has spurred the development of databases and computational tools to aid interpretation; however, use of these data is hampered by the current fragmentation of pathway information across many databases with incompatible formats. BioPAX, which was created through a community process, solves this problem by making pathway data substantially easier to collect, index, interpret and share. BioPAX can represent metabolic and signaling pathways, molecular and genetic interactions and gene regulation networks. Using BioPAX, millions of interactions, organized into thousands of pathways, from many organisms are available from a growing number of databases. This large amount of pathway data in a computable form will support visualization, analysis and biological discovery. (C) 2010 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rodchenkov, Igor; Donaldson, Sylva; Bader, Gary D.] Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Donnelly Ctr Cellular & Biomol Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Demir, Emek; Cary, Michael P.; Anwar, Nadia; Babur, Oezguen; Sander, Chris] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Demir, Emek; Babur, Oezguen; Dogrusoz, Ugur] Bilkent Univ, Ctr Bioinformat, Ankara, Turkey. [Demir, Emek; Babur, Oezguen; Dogrusoz, Ugur] Bilkent Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Ankara, Turkey. [Mi, Huaiyu; Thomas, Paul] SRI Int, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fukuda, Ken] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Inst Bioinformat Res & Dev, Tokyo, Japan. [Lemer, Christian; Hubaut, Olivier] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. [Vastrik, Imre; Birney, Ewan; Le Novere, Nicolas] European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge, England. [Wu, Guanming; Haw, Robin] Ontario Inst Canc Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [D'Eustachio, Peter] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Schaefer, Carl] NCI, Ctr Biomed Informat & Informat Technol, Rockville, MD USA. [Luciano, Joanne] Predict Med, Belmont, MA USA. [Schacherer, Frank; Braun, Burk] BIOBASE Corp, Beverly, MA USA. [Martinez-Flores, Irma; Jimenez-Jacinto, Veronica; Collado-Vides, Julio] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Genom, Cuernavaca 62191, Morelos, Mexico. [Hu, Zhenjun] Boston Univ, Biomol Syst Lab, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Joshi-Tope, Geeta; Ren, Liya] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Kandasamy, Kumaran; Pandey, Akhilesh] Johns Hopkins Univ, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kandasamy, Kumaran; Pandey, Akhilesh] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biol Chem, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kandasamy, Kumaran; Pandey, Akhilesh] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kandasamy, Kumaran; Pandey, Akhilesh] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Oncol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Splendiani, Andrea] Univ Rennes 1, Fac Med, Rennes, France. [Splendiani, Andrea] Rothamsted Res, Harpenden, Herts, England. [Tkachev, Sasha; Hornbeck, Peter] Cell Signaling Technol Inc, Danvers, MA USA. [Zucker, Jeremy] Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA USA. [Gopinath, Gopal] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD USA. [Rajasimha, Harsha; Sobral, Bruno S.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Rajasimha, Harsha] NEI, Neurobiol Neurodegenerat & Repair Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ramakrishnan, Ranjani; McWeeney, Shannon] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Behav Neurosci, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Shah, Imran] US Environm Protect Agcy Durham, Durham, NC USA. [Syed, Mustafa; Glass, Elizabeth; Maltsev, Natalia] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Blinov, Michael] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT USA. [Brauner, Erik; Gibbons, Frank] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Corwin, Dan] Lexikos Corp, Boston, MA USA. [Goldberg, Robert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Luna, Augustin; Sunshine, Margot; Aladjem, Mirit] NCI, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Murray-Rust, Peter] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Unilever Ctr Mol Sci Informat, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Neumann, Eric] Clin Semant Grp, Lexington, MA USA. [Reubenacker, Oliver] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Ctr Cell Anal & Modeling, Storrs, CT USA. [Samwald, Matthias] Natl Univ Ireland, Digital Enterprise Res Inst, Galway, Ireland. [Samwald, Matthias] Konrad Lorenz Inst Evolut & Cognit Res, Altenberg, Austria. [van Iersel, Martijn] Maastricht Univ, Dept Bioinformat, Maastricht, Netherlands. [Wimalaratne, Sarala] Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Allen, Keith; Leonard, Julie] Syngenta Biotech Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Whirl-Carrillo, Michelle; Gong, Li; Tang, Rebecca; Whaley, Ryan] Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cheung, Kei-Hoi] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Med Informat, New Haven, CT USA. [Dahlquist, Kam] Loyola Marymount Univ, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. [Finney, Andrew] Physiomics PLC, Magdalen Ctr, Oxford, England. [Gillespie, Marc] St Johns Univ, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA. [Honig, Michael] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Kane, David] SRA Int, Fairfax, VA USA. [Krupa, Shiva] Novartis Knowledge Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. [Kutmon, Martina] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Marks, Debbie] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Syst Biol, Boston, MA USA. [Merberg, David] Vertex Pharmaceut, Cambridge, MA USA. [Petri, Victoria] Med Coll Wisconsin, Human & Mol Genet Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Pico, Alex] Gladstone Inst Cardiovasc Dis, San Francisco, CA USA. [Ravenscroft, Dean] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY USA. [Shah, Nigam] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Biomed Informat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Letovksy, Stan] Millennium Pharmaceut Inc, Computat Sci Informat, Cambridge, MA USA. [Buetow, Kenneth H.] NCI, Ctr Biomed Informat & Informat Technol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Rzhetsky, Andrey] Univ Chicago, Inst Genom & Syst Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rzhetsky, Andrey] Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. [Schachter, Vincent] Total Gas & Power, Paris, France. [Goto, Susumu] Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Bioinformat Ctr, Kyoto 606, Japan. [Hucka, Michael] CALTECH, Biol Network Modeling Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wingender, Edgar] Dept Bioinformat, Gottingen, Germany. RP Bader, GD (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Donnelly Ctr Cellular & Biomol Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM biopax-paper@biopax.org RI van Iersel, Martijn/E-9105-2010; Syed, Mustafa/A-5252-2011; Bader, Gary/C-1176-2009; Le Novere, Nicolas/F-9973-2010; sander, chris/H-1452-2011; Hucka, Michael/B-1896-2012; rzhetsky, andrey/B-6118-2012; Pandey, Akhilesh/B-4127-2009; Vastrik, Imre/C-2690-2009; Zucker, Jeremy/M-3643-2016; Haw, Robin/D-1393-2009; OI van Iersel, Martijn/0000-0002-5877-4338; Bader, Gary/0000-0003-0185-8861; Le Novere, Nicolas/0000-0002-6309-7327; Pandey, Akhilesh/0000-0001-9943-6127; Zucker, Jeremy/0000-0002-7276-9009; Murray-Rust, Peter/0000-0003-3386-3972; McWeeney, Shannon/0000-0001-8333-6607; BABUR, OZGUN/0000-0002-0239-5259; Demir, Emek/0000-0002-3663-7113; D'Eustachio, Peter/0000-0002-5494-626X; Wingender, Edgar/0000-0002-7729-8453; Pico, Alexander/0000-0001-5706-2163; Gillespie, Marc/0000-0002-5766-1702; Haw, Robin/0000-0002-2013-7835; Kutmon, Martina/0000-0002-7699-8191; Wimalaratne, Sarala/0000-0002-5355-2576; Karp, Peter/0000-0002-5876-6418; Birney, Ewan/0000-0001-8314-8497; Fukuda, Ken/0000-0001-7366-1094 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER63931]; caBIG program; US National Institute of General Medical Sciences workshop [1R13GM076939, P41HG004118]; US National Human Genome Research Institute and Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute [2007-OGI-TD-05]; US National Institutes of Health [R01GM071962-07] FX Funded by the US Department of Energy workshop grant DE-FG02-04ER63931, the caBIG program, the US National Institute of General Medical Sciences workshop grant 1R13GM076939, grant P41HG004118 from the US National Human Genome Research Institute and Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute (2007-OGI-TD-05) and US National Institutes of Health grant R01GM071962-07. Thanks to many people who contributed to discussions on BioPAX mailing lists, at conferences and at BioPAX workshops, especially A. Ruttenberg and J. Rees. NR 65 TC 251 Z9 253 U1 5 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 28 IS 9 BP 935 EP 942 DI 10.1038/nbt.1666 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 648UF UT WOS:000281719100019 PM 20829833 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, Y Fox, DA Aschner, M Boyes, WK AF Finkelstein, Yoram Fox, Donald A. Aschner, Michael Boyes, William K. TI Gene-environment interactions in neurotoxicology: The 12th biennial meeting of the International Neurotoxicology Association SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Finkelstein, Yoram] Shaare Zedek Med Ctr, Serv Neurol & Toxicol, IL-91031 Jerusalem, Israel. [Finkelstein, Yoram] Shaare Zedek Med Ctr, Unit Neurol & Toxicol, IL-91031 Jerusalem, Israel. [Fox, Donald A.] Univ Houston, Coll Optometry, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77202 USA. [Fox, Donald A.] Univ Houston, Coll Optometry, Dept Pharmacol & Pharmaceut Sci, Houston, TX 77202 USA. [Aschner, Michael] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Aschner, Michael] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Aschner, Michael] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Boyes, William K.] US EPA, Neurotoxicol Branch, Toxic Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Boyes, WK (reprint author), Shaare Zedek Med Ctr, Serv Neurol & Toxicol, POB 3235, IL-91031 Jerusalem, Israel. EM yoramf@ekmd.huji.ac.il NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2010 VL 31 IS 5 BP 543 EP 544 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2010.03.009 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 651PI UT WOS:000281939200017 PM 20361996 ER PT J AU Boyes, WK Oshiro, WM El-Masri, H Degn, LL Bercegeay, M Krantz, QT Bushnell, PJ AF Boyes, William K. Oshiro, Wendy M. El-Masri, Hisham Degn, Laura L. Bercegeay, Mark Krantz, Q. Todd Bushnell, Philip J. TI Acute inhalation of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane alters visual evoked potentials and signal detection behavior in rats SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neurotoxicity; PBPK model; Volatile organic compound; Visual evoked potential; Behavior; Gasoline ID MOMENTARY BRAIN CONCENTRATION; DETECTION TASK; INHALED TRICHLOROETHYLENE; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; ACUTE NEUROTOXICITY; UNLEADED GASOLINE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; TOLUENE; EXPOSURE; MODEL AB The volatile organic compound 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (TMP, "isooctane") is a constituent of gasoline for which the current health effects data are insufficient to permit the US Environmental Protection Agency to conduct a risk assessment. The potential neurological impairment from acute inhalation exposure to IMP was evaluated in adult male Long-Evans rats using both electrophysiological and behavioral assessments. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded from rats viewing modulated visual patterns (0.16 cycles per degree visual angle (cpd), 60% contrast, 4.55 Hz appear/disappear). Rats (n = 7-10/dose) were exposed to IMP vapors in concentrations of 0, 500, or 1000 ppm for 60-min. A VEP was recorded before exposure and at 10 min intervals during exposure and also for 60 min after exposure terminated. The spectral amplitude of the frequency-double component (F2) was significantly reduced after exposure to IMP. In behavioral assessments, rats (n = 14) performed an appetitively motivated visual signal detection task while breathing 0, 500, 1500, 1000, 2000, or 2500 ppm IMP for 62 min. Slight reductions in accuracy of performance were observed at the 2500 ppm concentration. Concentrations of TMP in the brain were estimated using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to be less than 0.2 mM after 62 min at 2500 ppm. Together these data demonstrate that TMP, like other volatile organic substances, impairs neurological function during acute inhalation exposure and that the small magnitude of the observed effects is consistent with the low concentrations of this hydrocarbon that were estimated to reach the CNS. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Boyes, William K.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Boyes, WK (reprint author), US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM boyes.william@epa.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 EI 1872-9738 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 32 IS 5 BP 525 EP 535 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.04.055 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 651PT UT WOS:000281940300002 PM 20438835 ER PT J AU Raffaele, KC Rowland, J May, B Makris, SL Schumacher, K Scarano, LJ AF Raffaele, Kathleen C. Rowland, Jess May, Brenda Makris, Susan L. Schumacher, Kelly Scarano, Louis J. TI The use of developmental neurotoxicity data in pesticide risk assessments SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Developmental neurotoxicity testing; DNT; Risk assessment; Pesticides ID NEURODEVELOPMENTAL END-POINTS; EXPERT WORKING GROUP; SAFETY ASSESSMENT; EXPOSURE; CHLORPYRIFOS; PERSPECTIVE; ZEBRAFISH; IDENTIFY; ISSUES; MODEL AB Following the passage of the Food Quality Protection Act, which mandated an increased focus on evaluating the potential toxicity of pesticides to children, the number of guideline developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) studies (OPPTS 870.6300) submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) was greatly increased. To evaluate the impact of available DNT studies on individual chemical risk assessments, the ways in which data from these studies are being used in pesticide risk assessment were investigated. In addition, the neurobehavioral and neuropathological parameters affected at the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) for each study were evaluated to ascertain whether some types of endpoints were consistently more sensitive than others. As of December 2008, final OPP reviews of DNT studies for 72 pesticide chemicals were available; elimination of studies with major deficiencies resulted in a total of 69 that were included in this analysis. Of those studies, 15 had been used to determine the point of departure for one or more risk assessment scenarios, and an additional 13 were determined to have the potential for use as a point of departure for future risk assessments (selection is dependent upon review of the entire database available at the time of reassessment). Analysis of parameters affected at the study LOAELs indicated that no single parameter was consistently more sensitive than another. Early assessment time points (e.g., postnatal day (PND) 11/21) tended to be more sensitive than later time points (e.g., PND 60). These results demonstrate that data generated using the current guideline DNT study protocol are useful in providing points of departure for risk assessments. The results of these studies also affirm the importance of evaluating a spectrum of behavioral and neuropathological endpoints, in both young and adult animals, to improve the detection of the potential for a chemical to cause developmental neurotoxicity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Raffaele, Kathleen C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Rowland, Jess; May, Brenda] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Schumacher, Kelly] US EPA, ENSV EAMB, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. [Scarano, Louis J.] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, New England Reg Lab, N Chelmsford, MA 01863 USA. RP Raffaele, KC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Mail Code 8623P,1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM raffaele.kathleen@epa.gov; rowland.jess@epa.gov; may.brenda@epa.gov; makris.susan@epa.gov; schumacher.kelly@epa.gov; scarano.louis@epa.gov NR 40 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 EI 1872-9738 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 32 IS 5 BP 563 EP 572 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.04.053 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 651PT UT WOS:000281940300007 PM 20398750 ER PT J AU Pfrender, ME Hawkins, CP Bagley, M Courtney, GW Creutzburg, BR Epler, JH Fend, S Ferrington, LC Hartzell, PL Jackson, S Larsen, DP Levesque, CA Morse, JC Petersen, MJ Ruiter, D Schindel, D Whiting, M AF Pfrender, Michael E. Hawkins, Charles P. Bagley, Mark Courtney, Gregory W. Creutzburg, Brian R. Epler, John H. Fend, Steve Ferrington, Leonard C., Jr. Hartzell, Paula L. Jackson, Suzanne Larsen, David P. Levesque, C. Andre Morse, John C. Petersen, Matthew J. Ruiter, Dave Schindel, David Whiting, Michael TI ASSESSING MACROINVERTEBRATE BIODIVERSITY IN FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS: ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES IN DNA-BASED APPROACHES SO QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE barcoding; invertebrates; bioassessment; biodiversity; freshwater; next-generation sequencing ID TAXONOMIC RESOLUTION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAY; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; CHIRONOMIDS DIPTERA; GENUS-LEVEL; MICROARRAY; BARCODES; DIVERSITY; HYBRIDIZATION AB Assessing the biodiversity of macroinvertebrate fauna in freshwater ecosystems is an essential component of both basic ecological inquiry and applied ecological assessments. Aspects of taxonomic diversity and composition in freshwater communities are widely used to quantify water quality and measure the efficacy of remediation and restoration efforts. The accuracy and precision of biodiversity assessments based on standard morphological identifications are often limited by taxonomic resolution and sample size. Morphologically based identifications are laborious and costly, significantly constraining the sample sizes that can be processed. We suggest that the development of an assay platform based on DNA signatures wilt increase the precision and ease of quantifying biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems. Advances in this area will be particularly relevant for benthic and planktonic invertebrates, which are often monitored by regulatory agencies. Adopting a genetic assessment platform will alleviate some of the current limitations to biodiversity assessment strategies. We discuss the benefits and challenges associated with DNA-based assessments and the methods that are currently available. As recent advances in microarray and next-generation sequencing technologies will facilitate a transition to DNA-based assessment approaches, future research efforts should focus on methods for data collection, assay platform development, establishing linkages between DNA signatures and well-resolved taxonomies, and bioinformatics. C1 [Pfrender, Michael E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hawkins, Charles P.; Creutzburg, Brian R.] Utah State Univ, Western Ctr Monitoring & Assessment Freshwater Ec, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bagley, Mark; Jackson, Suzanne] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Courtney, Gregory W.; Petersen, Matthew J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Fend, Steve] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ferrington, Leonard C., Jr.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hartzell, Paula L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hartzell, Paula L.] Hawaii Dept Land & Nat Resources, Honolulu, HI USA. [Larsen, David P.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Levesque, C. Andre] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Morse, John C.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Schindel, David] Smithsonian Inst, Consortium Barcode Life, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Whiting, Michael] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Pfrender, ME (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM MICHAEL.PFRENDER.1@ND.EDU; CHUCK.HAWKINS@USU.EDU; BAGLEY.MARK@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV; GWCOURT@IASTATE.EDU; BRIAN.CREUTZBURG@AGGIEMAIL.USU.EDU; JOHNEPLER3@COMCAST.NET; SVFEND@USGS.GOV; FERRI016@UMN.EDU; PAULAHARTZELL@HOTMAIL.COM; JACKSON.SUZANNE@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV; LARSEN.PHIL@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV; ANDRE.LEVESQUE@AGR.GC.CA; JMORSE@CLEMSON.EDU; MJP266@CORNELL.EDU; DRUITER@MSN.COM; SCHINDELD@SI.EDU; MICHAEL_WHITING@BYU.EDU RI Hawkins, Charles/A-4530-2008 OI Hawkins, Charles/0000-0003-1247-0248 FU USU Center for Integrated BioSystems; USU Ecology Center; USU Office of Research FX The ideas and synthesis in this article were fostered by a workshop organized by MEP and CPH at Utah State University. The workshop was supported by funds from the USU Center for Integrated BioSystems, the USU Ecology Center, and the USU Office of Research. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 95 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 51 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0033-5770 EI 1539-7718 J9 Q REV BIOL JI Q. Rev. Biol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 85 IS 3 BP 319 EP 340 PG 22 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 643EE UT WOS:000281277600003 PM 20919633 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, AK Rider, CV Furr, J Howdeshell, KL Blystone, CR Wilson, VS Gray, LE AF Hotchkiss, A. K. Rider, C. V. Furr, J. Howdeshell, K. L. Blystone, C. R. Wilson, V. S. Gray, L. E., Jr. TI In utero exposure to an AR antagonist plus an inhibitor of fetal testosterone synthesis induces cumulative effects on F1 male rats SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference of the European-Teratology-Society CY SEP 05-08, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP European Teratol Soc DE Cumulative risk assessment; Male rat sexual differentiation; Di-n-butyl phthalate; Androgen receptor antagonist; Procymidone ID ALTERS SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; LEYDIG-CELL AGGREGATION; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; TESTICULAR DYSGENESIS; TESTIS DESCENT; WILD FISH; ANTIANDROGENS; MALFORMATIONS AB Risk assessments are typically conducted on a chemical-by-chemical basis; however, many regulatory bodies are developing frameworks for assessing the cumulative risk of chemical mixtures of chemicals. The current investigation examined how chemicals that disrupt rat sex differentiation via two diverse mechanisms disrupt F1 male rat reproductive development, when administered together orally on days 14-18 of gestation. Experiment 1 used a mixture of 50 mg/kg-d procymidone and 500 mg/kg-d dibutyl phthalate (DBP), whereas experiment 2 used 150 mg/kg-d procymidone and 1125 mg/kg-d DBP (top dose), or 0, 4.17, 8.33, 16.7, 33.3, 50, 66.7, and 83.3% of the top dose. When we compared the dose and response addition predictions to the observed effects we found that dose addition models were more accurate than response addition models, indicating that compounds that act by different mechanisms of toxicity produce cumulative dose-additive effects. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hotchkiss, A. K.; Rider, C. V.; Furr, J.; Howdeshell, K. L.; Blystone, C. R.; Wilson, V. S.; Gray, L. E., Jr.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Branch, TAD, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rider, C. V.; Howdeshell, K. L.; Blystone, C. R.] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Branch, TAD, NHEERL,ORD, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gray.earl@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [HHS Y1-ES-8014-01, K99 ES016806, K99 ES016806-02] NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2 SI SI BP 261 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.06.001 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 640JF UT WOS:000281046800004 PM 20558277 ER PT J AU Premarathna, HL McLaughlin, MJ Kirby, JK Hettiarachchi, GM Beak, D Stacey, S Chittleborough, DJ AF Premarathna, H. Lakmalie McLaughlin, Mike J. Kirby, Jason K. Hettiarachchi, Ganga M. Beak, Doug Stacey, Samuel Chittleborough, David J. TI Potential Availability of Fertilizer Selenium in Field Capacity and Submerged Soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE AGRICULTURAL SOILS; DILUTION TECHNIQUES; RICE CULTIVARS; SELENATE; SORPTION; TRANSFORMATIONS; ACCUMULATION; ABSORPTION; ADSORPTION; DIFFERENCE AB The potential availability (E) and partitioning (K(d)) of Se added to three soils as elemental Se (Se(0)), sodium selenite (SeO(3)(2-)), and sodium selenate (SeO(4)(2-)) were measured by isotopic dilution using either (75)SeO(3)(2-) or (75)SeO(4)(2-). The soils were kept either submerged or at 80% water-holding capacity for either 15 or 60 d. Both K(d) and E values were controlled by the type of Se, soil moisture content, and time after application. The K(d) values for SeO(3)(2-) were largely controlled by soil type, with the soil having the lowest pH and highest concentrations of oxalate-extractable Al and Fe having the highest K(d) values. The K(d) values for SeO(4)(2-), on the other hand, were largely influenced by the incubation period, and to a lesser extent soil type and moisture conditions. Selenate K(d) values decreased with incubation and were higher under submerged conditions. The availability of Se(0) as measured by concentrations of labile Se species was low due to limited oxidation to SeO(3)(2-) or SeO(4)(2-). Elemental Se is therefore not suitable for preplant Se fertilization of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) because it is not readily oxidized. In the submerged soils, concentrations of labile SeO(3)(2-) and SeO(4)(2-) were also low, with >80% of the Se added as either SeO(3)(2-) or SeO(4)(2-) being fixed into nonlabile pools, probably through reduction to Se(0). Rates of oxidation of Se(0) will play a critical role in determining whether reduced Se(0) formed in submerged soils after fertilization will contribute to plant Se uptake through oxidation either during field drainage before harvest or in the rice rhizosphere. C1 [Premarathna, H. Lakmalie; McLaughlin, Mike J.; Stacey, Samuel] Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Kirby, Jason K.; Hettiarachchi, Ganga M.] CSIRO Land & Water, Adelaide Lab, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Beak, Doug] US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Chittleborough, David J.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. RP Premarathna, HL (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Prescott Bldg, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM herath.premarathna@adelaide.edu.au RI McLaughlin, Mike/F-2931-2010; CSIRO, SAF/H-3134-2013; Kirby, Jason/F-5942-2013; Hettiarachchi, Ganga/F-6895-2015 OI McLaughlin, Mike/0000-0001-6796-4144; Hettiarachchi, Ganga/0000-0002-6669-2885 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1589 EP 1596 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0416 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 650BS UT WOS:000281823100017 ER PT J AU Stoker, TE Gibson, EK Zorrilla, LM AF Stoker, Tammy E. Gibson, Emily K. Zorrilla, Leah M. TI Triclosan Exposure Modulates Estrogen-Dependent Responses in the Female Wistar Rat SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE triclosan; uterotrophic; puberty; estrogen ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; UTEROTROPHIC BIOASSAY; THYROID-HORMONE; OECD PROGRAM; IN-VIVO; METHOXYCHLOR; TRICLOCARBAN; THYROXINE; VALIDATE; PHENOLS AB Triclosan is an antimicrobial found in personal care and sanitizing products, such as soaps, toothpaste, and hair products. There have been recent concerns for the possible effects on human health, as triclosan has been detected in human breast milk, blood, and urine samples. In a previous study, we found that triclosan alters serum thyroid hormone and testosterone concentrations in male rats. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of triclosan in the female Wistar rat following exposure for 21 days in the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program pubertal protocol and the weanling uterotrophic assay (3-day exposure). In the pubertal study, triclosan advanced the age of onset of vaginal opening and increased uterine weight at 150 mg/kg, indicative of an estrogenic effect. In the uterotrophic assay, rats received oral doses of triclosan (1.18, 2.35, 4.69, 9.37, 18.75, 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg) alone, 3 mu g/kg ethinyl estradiol (EE), or triclosan (same doses as above) plus 3 mu g/kg EE. Uterine weight was increased in the EE group (positive control) as compared with the control but was not affected by triclosan alone. However, there was a significant dose-dependent increase in the group cotreated with EE and triclosan (>= 4.69 mg/kg) as compared with EE alone, indicating a potentiation of the estrogen response on uterine weight. This result was well correlated with potentiated estrogen-induced changes in uterine histology. Serum thyroid hormone concentrations were also suppressed by triclosan in this study, similar to other studies in the male and female rat. In conclusion, triclosan affected estrogen-mediated responses in the pubertal and weanling female rat and also suppressed thyroid hormone in both studies. The lowest effective concentrations in the rodent model are similar to 10 (for estrogen) and 40 (for thyroid hormone) times higher than the highest concentrations reported in human plasma. C1 [Stoker, Tammy E.; Gibson, Emily K.; Zorrilla, Leah M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Toxic Assessment Div, Endocrine Toxicol Branch,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zorrilla, Leah M.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Stoker, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Toxic Assessment Div, Endocrine Toxicol Branch,Off Res & Dev, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM stoker.tammy@epa.gov NR 32 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 117 IS 1 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq180 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 642FC UT WOS:000281188400006 PM 20562219 ER PT J AU Falke, JA Bestgen, KR Fausch, KD AF Falke, Jeffrey A. Bestgen, Kevin R. Fausch, Kurt D. TI Streamflow Reductions and Habitat Drying Affect Growth, Survival, and Recruitment of Brassy Minnow across a Great Plains Riverscape SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; FISH; COLORADO; FLOW; PERSISTENCE; ASSEMBLAGE; ABUNDANCE; DISCHARGE; DYNAMICS; OTOLITHS AB Flow alterations caused by reservoir storage, groundwater pumping, diversions, and drought are widespread in North American Great Plains streams and have altered and fragmented habitats and reduced native fish biodiversity. Early life stages of fish are particularly sensitive to altered flow regimes, and reduced growth and survival may negatively affect the persistence of native species and assemblages. We investigated how growth and survival of brassy minnow Hybognathus hankinsoni larvae in the Arikaree River, Colorado, varied among three 6.4-km river segments that differed in hydrology and how climate influenced drying rates of spawning and rearing habitats in these segments over 3 years. We found that brassy minnow spawned in backwater habitats within a discrete period from mid-April to late May, based on otolith increment analysis. The timing of spawning and growth of larvae were influenced by climate and the hydrologic context of the river segment. Brassy minnow spawned 2 weeks earlier under warm, dry conditions in 1 year, and both growth rates and survival were significantly lower than during two wetter years (growth: 0.25 mm/d versus 0.30 and 0.41 mm/d; survival: 0.8391/d versus 0.894 and 0.897/d). For cohorts of larvae in individual backwaters, survival was higher in spawning habitats that were larger and that dried more slowly, and among cohorts that hatched in the middle of the spawning period under a moderate thermal regime. Overall, we found that brassy minnow spawning and recruitment were strongly influenced by habitat drying driven by interactions among stream geomorphology, groundwater pumping, and climate across multiple spatial scales. We suggest that conservation efforts explicitly consider the adaptations of this fish to harsh environments and focus on providing flows to maintain the spawning, rearing, and refuge habitats that are critical to brassy minnow population persistence. C1 [Bestgen, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Larval Fish Lab, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Falke, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US EPA, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM jeffrey.falke@noaa.gov RI Fausch, Kurt/A-8849-2010 FU Colorado Division of Wildlife FX We thank K. Bentley, N. Cathcart, A. Ficke, J. Hammer, M. Hill, A. Klug, W. Pate, C. Saunders, and Z. Underwood for their help in the field and laboratory. R. Fitzpatrick and S. Seal provided valuable assistance with collection, spawning, and rearing of brassy minnow for otolith increment validation. C. Myrick generously provided facilities for our light-trap experiment at the Foothills Fisheries Laboratory, Fort Collins, Colorado. We also thank D. Winkelman, D. Durnford, and L. Bailey for their input and comments on study design and analyses. W. Burnidge (The Nature Conservancy, Boulder, Colorado) provided valuable logistical support. This research was funded by a grant to K.D.F. from the Colorado Division of Wildlife, administered by T. Nesler. NR 48 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1566 EP 1583 DI 10.1577/T09-143.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 659VC UT WOS:000282594000024 ER PT J AU Soller, JA Schoen, ME Bartrand, T Ravenscroft, JE Ashbolt, NJ AF Soller, Jeffrey A. Schoen, Mary E. Bartrand, Timothy Ravenscroft, John E. Ashbolt, Nicholas J. TI Estimated human health risks from exposure to recreational waters impacted by human and non-human sources of faecal contamination SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Recreational water; Quantitative microbial risk; assessment; Non-point source contamination ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LACTATING DAIRY-CATTLE; WASTE-WATER; CAMPYLOBACTER SPP.; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-SPP.; INDICATOR BACTERIA; UNITED-STATES; BEEF-CATTLE; TREATMENT-PLANT; POULTRY LITTER AB This work was conducted to determine whether estimated risks following exposure to recreational waters impacted by gull, chicken, pig, or cattle faecal contamination are substantially different than those associated with waters impacted by human sources such as treated wastewater. Previously published Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) methods were employed and extended to meet these objectives. Health outcomes used in the analyses were infection from reference waterborne pathogens via ingestion during recreation and subsequent gastrointestinal (GI) illness. Illness risks from these pathogens were calculated for exposure to faecally contaminated recreational water at the U.S. regulatory limits of 35 cfu 100 mL(-1) enterococci and 126 cfu 100 mL(-1) Escherichia coli. The probabilities of GI illness were calculated using pathogen dose-response relationships from the literature and Monte Carlo simulations. Three scenarios were simulated, representing a range of feasible interpretations of the available data. The primary findings are that: 1) GI illness risks associated with exposure to recreational waters impacted by fresh cattle faeces may not be substantially different from waters impacted by human sources; and 2) the risks associated with exposure to recreational waters impacted by fresh gull, chicken, or pig faeces appear substantially lower than waters impacted by human sources. These results suggest that careful consideration may be needed in the future for the management of recreational waters not impacted by human sources. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Soller, Jeffrey A.] Soller Environm LLC, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. [Schoen, Mary E.; Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Bartrand, Timothy] Clancy Environm Consultants, St Albans, VT 05478 USA. [Ravenscroft, John E.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Soller, JA (reprint author), Soller Environm LLC, 3022 King St, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. EM jsoller@sollerenvironmental.com OI Ravenscroft, John/0000-0002-8834-7310 FU U.S. EPA Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology [EP-C-07-036] FX The research described in this article was funded by the U.S. EPA Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology under contract # EP-C-07-036 to Clancy Environmental Consulting, Inc. This work has been subject to formal Agency review but does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The authors gratefully acknowledge the valuable contributions of Shamima Ahkter and Jorge Santo-Domingo for their critical review of the manuscript and Susan Petterson for collaborations on earlier research that led to this work. NR 133 TC 139 Z9 141 U1 19 U2 78 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 16 SI SI BP 4674 EP 4691 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.049 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 668JV UT WOS:000283265600003 PM 20656314 ER PT J AU Ashbolt, NJ Schoen, ME Soller, JA Rose, DJ AF Ashbolt, Nicholas J. Schoen, Mary E. Soller, Jeffrey A. Rose, David J. TI Predicting pathogen risks to aid beach management: The real value of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Recreational water; Quantitative microbial risk; assessment; QMRA; Bathing water; Beach management ID RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; HEALTH-ORGANIZATION GUIDELINES; FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; FRESH-WATER; SUNLIGHT INACTIVATION; GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; NOROVIRUS EXCRETION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RECEIVING WATERS; NUMERICAL VALUES AB There has been an ongoing dilemma for agencies that set criteria for safe recreational waters in how to provide for a seasonal assessment of a beach site versus guidance for day-to-day management. Typically an overall 'safe' criterion level is derived from epidemiologic studies of sewage-impacted beaches. The decision criterion is based on a percentile value for a single sample or a moving median of a limited number (e.g. five per month) of routine samples, which are reported at least the day after recreator exposure has occurred. The focus of this paper is how to better undertake day-to-day recreational site monitoring and management. Internationally, good examples exist where predictive empirical regression models (based on rainfall, wind speed/direction, etc.) may provide an estimate of the target faecal indicator density for the day of exposure. However, at recreational swimming sites largely impacted by non-sewage sources of faecal indicators, there is concern that the indicator-illness associations derived from studies at sewage-impacted beaches may be inappropriate. Furthermore, some recent epidemiologic evidence supports the relationship to gastrointestinal (GI) illness with qPCR-derived measures of Bacteroidales/Bacteroides spp. as well as more traditional faecal indicators, but we understand less about the environmental fate of these molecular targets and their relationship to bather risk. Modelling pathogens and indicators within a quantitative microbial risk assessment framework is suggested as a way to explore the large diversity of scenarios for faecal contamination and hydrologic events, such as from waterfowl, agricultural animals, resuspended sediments and from the bathers themselves. Examples are provided that suggest that more site-specific targets derived by QMRA could provide insight, directly translatable to management actions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ashbolt, Nicholas J.; Schoen, Mary E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Soller, Jeffrey A.] Soller Environm LLC, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. [Ashbolt, Nicholas J.; Rose, David J.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Ashbolt, NJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Ashbolt.Nick@epa.gov NR 126 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 8 U2 59 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 16 SI SI BP 4692 EP 4703 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.048 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 668JV UT WOS:000283265600004 PM 20638095 ER PT J AU Santiago-Rodriguez, TM Davila, C Gonzalez, J Bonilla, N Marcos, P Urdaneta, M Cadete, M Monteiro, S Santos, R Domingo, JS Toranzos, GA AF Santiago-Rodriguez, Tasha M. Davila, Catalina Gonzalez, Joel Bonilla, Natasha Marcos, Patricia Urdaneta, Miguel Cadete, Manuela Monteiro, Silvia Santos, Ricardo Domingo, Jorge Santo Toranzos, Gary A. TI Characterization of Enterococcus faecalis-infecting phages (enterophages) as markers of human fecal pollution in recreational waters SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Enterophages; Enterococci; Fecal pollution; Indicators ID DRINKING-WATER; ENTERIC VIRUSES; HUMAN FECES; BACTEROIDES-FRAGILIS; SOMATIC COLIPHAGES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ALTERNATE INDICATORS; TREATMENT PLANTS; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; SOURCE TRACKING AB Enterophages are a novel group of phages that specifically infect Enterococcus faecalis and have been recently isolated from environmental water samples. Although enterophages have not been conclusively linked to human fecal pollution, we are currently characterizing enterophages to propose them as viral indicators and possible surrogates of enteric viruses in recreational waters. Little is known about the morphological or genetic diversity which will have an impact on their potential as markers of human fecal contamination. In the present study we are determining if enterophages can be grouped by their ability to replicate at different temperatures, and if different groups are present in the feces of different animals. As one of the main objectives is to determine if these phages can be used as indicators of the presence of enteric viruses, the survival rate under different conditions was also determined as was their prevalence in sewage and a large watershed. Coliphages were used as a means of comparison in the prevalence and survival studies. Results indicated that the isolates are mainly DNA viruses. Their morphology as well as their ability to form viral plaques at different temperatures indicates that several groups of enterophages are present in the environment. Coliphage and enterophage concentrations throughout the watershed were lower than those of thermotolerant coliforms and enterococci. Enterophage concentrations were lower than coliphages at all sampling points. Enterophages showed diverse inactivation rates and T(90) values across different incubation temperatures in both fresh and marine waters and sand. Further molecular characterization of enterophages may allow us to develop probes for the real-time detection of these alternative indicators of human fecal pollution. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Santiago-Rodriguez, Tasha M.; Davila, Catalina; Bonilla, Natasha; Urdaneta, Miguel; Toranzos, Gary A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Environm Microbiol Lab, San Juan, PR 00979 USA. [Gonzalez, Joel; Domingo, Jorge Santo] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Marcos, Patricia] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol Sci, San Juan, PR 00979 USA. [Cadete, Manuela; Monteiro, Silvia; Santos, Ricardo] Inst Super Tecn, Lab Anal, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Davila, C (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Environm Microbiol Lab, San Juan, PR 00979 USA. EM catalinadavila@hotmail.com NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 16 SI SI BP 4716 EP 4725 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.078 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 668JV UT WOS:000283265600006 PM 20723963 ER PT J AU Sivaganesan, M Haugland, RA Chern, EC Shanks, OC AF Sivaganesan, Mano Haugland, Richard A. Chern, Eunice C. Shanks, Orin C. TI Improved strategies and optimization of calibration models for real-time PCR absolute quantification SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Real-time quantitative PCR; Absolute quantification; Bayesian statistics ID BOVINE FECAL POLLUTION; BACTEROIDALES GENETIC-MARKERS; RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; QUANTITATIVE PCR; FRESH-WATER; SOURCE TRACKING; ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS; RNA; DNA; SAMPLES AB Real-time PCR absolute quantification applications are becoming more common in the recreational and drinking water quality industries. Many methods rely on the use of standard curves to make estimates of DNA target concentrations in unknown samples. Traditional absolute quantification approaches dictate that a standard curve must accompany each experimental run. However, the generation of a standard curve for each qPCR experiment set-up can be expensive and time consuming, especially for studies with large numbers of unknown samples. As a result, many researchers have adopted a master calibration strategy where a single curve is derived from DNA standard measurements generated from multiple instrument runs. However, a master curve can inflate uncertainty associated with intercept and slope parameters and decrease the accuracy of unknown sample DNA target concentration estimates. Here we report two alternative strategies termed 'pooled' and 'mixed' for the generation of calibration equations from absolute standard curves which can help reduce the cost and time of laboratory testing, as well as the uncertainty in calibration model parameter estimates. In this study, four different strategies for generating calibration models were compared based on a series of repeated experiments for two different qPCR assays using a Monte Carlo Markov Chain method. The hierarchical Bayesian approach allowed for the comparison of uncertainty in intercept and slope model parameters and the optimization of experiment design. Data suggests that the 'pooled' model can reduce uncertainty in both slope and intercept parameter estimates compared to the traditional single curve approach. In addition, the 'mixed' model achieved uncertainty estimates similar to the 'single' model while increasing the number of available reaction wells per instrument run. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sivaganesan, Mano; Shanks, Orin C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Haugland, Richard A.; Chern, Eunice C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Shanks, OC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official positions and policies of the U.S. EPA. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 16 SI SI BP 4726 EP 4735 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.066 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 668JV UT WOS:000283265600007 PM 20701947 ER PT J AU Soller, JA Bartrand, T Ashbolt, NJ Ravenscroft, J Wade, TJ AF Soller, Jeffrey A. Bartrand, Timothy Ashbolt, Nicholas J. Ravenscroft, John Wade, Timothy J. TI Estimating the primary etiologic agents in recreational freshwaters impacted by human sources of faecal contamination SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Water epidemiology; Quantitative microbial risk; assessment; Recreational water ID MICROBIAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; WASTE-WATER; ENTERIC VIRUSES; DRINKING-WATER; NORWALK VIRUS; HEALTH-RISKS; GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; HUMAN ADENOVIRUSES; TREATMENT-PLANT; VIRAL DISEASE AB Epidemiology studies of recreational waters have demonstrated that swimmers exposed to faecally-contaminated recreational waters are at risk of excess gastrointestinal illness. Epidemiology studies provide valuable information on the nature and extent of health effects, the magnitude of risks, and how these risks are modified or associated with levels of faecal contamination and other measures of pollution. However, such studies have not provided information about the specific microbial agents that are responsible for the observed illnesses in swimmers. The objective of this work was to understand more fully the reported epidemiologic results from studies conducted on the Great Lakes in the US during 2003 and 2004 by identifying pathogens that could have caused the observed illnesses in those studies. We used a Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) approach to estimate the likelihood of pathogen-induced adverse health effects. The reference pathogens used for this analysis were Norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli 0157:H7. Two QMRA-based approaches were used to estimate the pathogen combinations that would be consistent with observed illness rates: in the first, swimming-associated gastrointestinal (GI) illnesses were assumed to occur in the same proportion as known illnesses in the US due to all non-foodborne sources, and in the second, pathogens were assumed to occur in the recreational waters in the same proportion as they occur in disinfected secondary effluent. The results indicate that human enteric viruses and in particular, Norovirus could have caused the vast majority of the observed swimming-associated GI illnesses during the 2003/2004 water epidemiology studies. Evaluation of the time-to-onset of illness strongly supports the principal finding and sensitivity analyses support the overall trends of the analyses even given their substantial uncertainties. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Soller, Jeffrey A.] Soller Environm LLC, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. [Bartrand, Timothy] Clancy Environm Consultants, St Albans, VT 05478 USA. [Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Ravenscroft, John] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wade, Timothy J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Soller, JA (reprint author), Soller Environm LLC, 3022 King St, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. EM jsoller@sollerenvironmental.com OI Ravenscroft, John/0000-0002-8834-7310 FU U.S. EPA Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology [EP-C-07-036] FX The research described in this article was funded by the U.S. EPA Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology under contract #EP-C-07-036 to Clancy Environmental Consulting, Inc. This work has been subject to formal Agency review, but does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The authors gratefully acknowledge the valuable contributions of Mary Schoen for discussions leading up to this manuscript and critical review of early drafts, Quanlin Li for summarizing epidemiologic data, and Shamima Akhter and Larry Wymer for their critical review. NR 84 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 8 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 16 SI SI BP 4736 EP 4747 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.064 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 668JV UT WOS:000283265600008 PM 20728915 ER PT J AU Lai, AY Fatemi, M Dhasarathy, A Malone, C Sobol, SE Geigerman, C Jaye, DL Mav, D Shah, R Li, LP Wade, PA AF Lai, Anne Y. Fatemi, Mehrnaz Dhasarathy, Archana Malone, Christine Sobol, Steve E. Geigerman, Cissy Jaye, David L. Mav, Deepak Shah, Ruchir Li, Leping Wade, Paul A. TI DNA methylation prevents CTCF-mediated silencing of the oncogene BCL6 in B cell lymphomas SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENHANCER-BLOCKING ACTIVITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; HUMAN GENOME; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR; MAMMALIAN DEVELOPMENT; DOWN-REGULATION; UP-REGULATION; X-CHROMOSOME; PROTEIN CTCF; CANCER-CELLS AB Aberrant DNA methylation commonly occurs in cancer cells where it has been implicated in the epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes. Additional roles for DNA methylation, such as transcriptional activation, have been predicted but have yet to be clearly demonstrated. The BCL6 oncogene is implicated in the pathogenesis of germinal center-derived B cell lymphomas. We demonstrate that the intragenic CpG islands within the first intron of the human BCL6 locus were hypermethylated in lymphoma cells that expressed high amounts of BCL6 messenger RNA (mRNA). Inhibition of DNA methyltransferases decreased BCL6 mRNA abundance, suggesting a role for these methylated CpGs in positively regulating BCL6 transcription. The enhancer-blocking transcription factor CTCF bound to this intronic region in a methylation-sensitive manner. Depletion of CTCF by short hairpin RNA in neoplastic plasma cells that do not express BCL6 resulted in up-regulation of BCL6 transcription. These data indicate that BCL6 expression is maintained during lymphomagenesis in part through DNA methylation that prevents CTCF-mediated silencing. C1 [Lai, Anne Y.; Fatemi, Mehrnaz; Dhasarathy, Archana; Malone, Christine; Wade, Paul A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Li, Leping] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Sobol, Steve E.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Geigerman, Cissy; Jaye, David L.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Mav, Deepak; Shah, Ruchir] SRA Int Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wade, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM wadep2@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health [Z01ES101965, Z01ES101765]; National Institutes of Health [DK60647]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN291200555547C, GS-00F-003L] FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (Project number Z01ES101965 to P. A. Wade, Project number Z01ES101765 to L. Li) and by grants from the National Institutes of Health (DK60647 to D.L. Jaye). D. Mav and R. Shah were supported in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Delivery Order Number HHSN291200555547C, GSA Contract Number GS-00F-003L. NR 83 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD AUG 30 PY 2010 VL 207 IS 9 BP 1939 EP 1950 DI 10.1084/jem.20100204 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 660NQ UT WOS:000282650700013 PM 20733034 ER PT J AU Hannas, BR Das, PC Li, H LeBlanc, GA AF Hannas, Bethany R. Das, Parikshit C. Li, Hong LeBlanc, Gerald A. TI Intracellular Conversion of Environmental Nitrate and Nitrite to Nitric Oxide with Resulting Developmental Toxicity to the Crustacean Daphnia magna SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME-OXIDASE; HYPOXIC CONDITIONS; IN-VIVO; REDUCTION; NITROGEN; GENERATION; EUTROPHICATION; NITRIFICATION; REPRODUCTION; DEGRADATION AB Background: Nitrate and nitrite (jointly referred to herein as NO(x)) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants to which aquatic organisms are at particularly high risk of exposure. We tested the hypothesis that NO(x) undergo intracellular conversion to the potent signaling molecule nitric oxide resulting in the disruption of endocrine-regulated processes. Methodology/Principal Findings: These experiments were performed with insect cells (Drosophila S2) and whole organisms Daphnia magna. We first evaluated the ability of cells to convert nitrate (NO(3)(-)) and nitrite (NO(2)(-)) to nitric oxide using amperometric real-time nitric oxide detection. Both NO(3)(-) and NO(2)(-) were converted to nitric oxide in a substrate concentration-dependent manner. Further, nitric oxide trapping and fluorescent visualization studies revealed that perinatal daphnids readily convert NO(2)(-) to nitric oxide. Next, daphnids were continuously exposed to concentrations of the nitric oxide-donor sodium nitroprusside (positive control) and to concentrations of NO(3)(-) and NO(2)(-). All three compounds interfered with normal embryo development and reduced daphnid fecundity. Developmental abnormalities were characteristic of those elicited by compounds that interfere with ecdysteroid signaling. However, no compelling evidence was generated to indicate that nitric oxide reduced ecdysteroid titers. Conclusions/Significance: Results demonstrate that nitrite elicits developmental and reproductive toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations due likely to its intracellular conversion to nitric oxide. C1 [Hannas, Bethany R.; Das, Parikshit C.; Li, Hong; LeBlanc, Gerald A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hannas, BR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Gerald_leblanc@ncsu.edu FU US Environmental Protection Agency [RD-83273901]; National Science Foundation [IOS-0744210]; EPA; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [T32 ES007046] FX This research was supported by US Environmental Protection Agency STAR grant RD-83273901 and National Science Foundation grant IOS-0744210 to GAL. BRH was supported by an EPA STAR Fellowship and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences training grant #T32 ES007046. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 27 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 8 AR e12453 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0012453 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 643MT UT WOS:000281301500019 PM 20805993 ER PT J AU Altstein, M Ben Aziz, O Skalka, N Bronshtein, A Chuang, JC Van Emon, JM AF Altstein, Miriam Ben Aziz, Orna Skalka, Nir Bronshtein, Alisa Chuang, Jane C. Van Emon, Jeanette M. TI Development of an immunoassay and a sol-gel-based immunoaffinity cleanup method for coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls from soil and sediment samples SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls; Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Sol-gel; Immunoaffinity cleanup; Residue monitoring ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; TRACE-ANALYSIS; POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; SERUM SAMPLES; RETAIL FISH; PCBS AB Two polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed using goat PCB purified immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies (Abs). The IgGs exhibited the highest affinity toward PCB-77 (24 ng mL(-1)) with sensitivities in the range of 6-11 ng mL(-1). The Abs cross-reacted with PCB-126 and the heptachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF but not with PCB-169, PCB-118, Aroclor 1232, 1248, 1260 or the hexachlorodibenzofuran 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF. The IgGs were also used to develop a sol-gel-based immunoaffinity purification (IAP) method for cleanup of PCB-126. Recovery efficiencies depended on the sol-gel formats; a 1:12 format resulted in the highest binding capacity. Net binding capacity ranged from 112 to 257 ng, and 90% of the analyte could be eluted with only 2 mL of ethanol. The method was also very efficient in purifying PCB-126 from spiked soil and sediment samples from contaminated sites; and eliminating matrix interferences to a degree that enabled analysis of the purified samples by ELISA. The approaches developed in the course of the study form a basis for the development of additional IAP methods for other PCBs, and their implementation in high-throughput screening programs for PCB in food, soil, and other environmental and biological samples. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Altstein, Miriam; Ben Aziz, Orna; Skalka, Nir; Bronshtein, Alisa] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Chuang, Jane C.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Van Emon, Jeanette M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Altstein, M (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM vinnie2@agri.gov.il; chuangj@BATTELLE.ORG; vanemon.jeanette@epamail.epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [68D99-011] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under Contract #68D99-011. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This manuscript forms part of the M.Sc. thesis of Nir Skalka, a graduate student at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD AUG 24 PY 2010 VL 675 IS 2 BP 138 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2010.07.018 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 649DA UT WOS:000281746400006 PM 20800725 ER PT J AU Wright, JM Hoffman, CS Savitz, DA AF Wright, J. Michael Hoffman, Caroline S. Savitz, David A. TI The relationship between water intake and foetal growth and preterm delivery in a prospective cohort study SO BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH LA English DT Article ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER; BIRTH-WEIGHT; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; GESTATIONAL-AGE; EARLY-PREGNANCY; UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURE; POPULATION; DURATION AB Background: Interpretation of previous associations between water intake and adverse birth outcomes is challenging given that amount and type of water consumed can be non-specific markers of exposure or underlying behavioural characteristics. We examined the relationship between water intake measures and adverse birth outcomes in participants from three study sites in the United States. Methods: Using a prospective cohort study, we examined daily intake of bottled, cold tap, total tap, and total water in relation to birth weight and risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) among term births and risk of preterm delivery. Results: Based on water consumption data collected between 20-24 weeks of gestation, the adjusted mean birth weight was 27 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -34, 87), 39 (95% CI: -22, 99), and 50 (95% CI: -11, 110) grams higher for the upper three total water intake quartiles (> 51-78, > 78-114, and > 114 ounces/day) compared to the lowest quartile (<= 51 ounces/day). Adjusted birth weight results were similar for bottled water, cold tap water, and total tap water intake. An exposure-response gradient was not detected for either preterm delivery or SGA with increasing total water intake and total tap water intake, but adjusted relative risks for all three upper quartiles were below 1.0 (range: 0.6-0.9) for SGA. Conclusion: These data suggest that high water intake may be associated with higher mean birth weight following adjustment for confounding. C1 [Wright, J. Michael] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hoffman, Caroline S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Savitz, David A.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. RP Wright, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wright.michael@epa.gov FU AWWA Research Foundation [2579, CR825625-01, CR827268-01, CR828216-01]; US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) [CR825625-01, CR827268-01, CR828216-01]; Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility (CEHS) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill [P30E510126]; US EPA [RD-83184301-0]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [5-T32-ES07018]; NHEERL-DESE [EPA CT8229471, CR83323601] FX Supported jointly by the AWWA Research Foundation (AwwaRF: Project 2579) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) under Cooperative Agreement nos. CR825625-01, CR827268-01, and CR828216-01, the Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility (CEHS) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (P30E510126), US EPA STAR award RD-83184301-0, the Biostatistics for Research in Environmental Health training award of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (5-T32-ES07018), and the NHEERL-DESE cooperative training grant in Environmental Sciences Research (EPA CT8229471 and CR83323601). NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2393 J9 BMC PREGNANCY CHILDB JI BMC Pregnancy Childbirth PD AUG 24 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 48 DI 10.1186/1471-2393-10-48 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 840MB UT WOS:000296443500001 PM 20735835 ER PT J AU Chen, GX Liu, XY Su, CM AF Chen, Gexin Liu, Xuyang Su, Chunming TI Transport and retention of TiO2 nanoparticles in saturated porous media: Role of ionic strength, valence, and humic acid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 103-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702500 ER PT J AU Han, C Doepke, A Cho, WD de la Cruz, AD Heineman, WR Halsall, HB Shanov, VN Schulz, MJ Likodimos, V Falaras, P Dionysiou, DD AF Han, Changseok Doepke, Amos Cho, Wondong de la Cruz, Armah D. Heineman, William R. Halsall, H. Brian Shanov, Vesselin N. Schulz, Mark J. Likodimos, Vlassis Falaras, Polycarpos Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Enhanced crystallinity of a carbon nanotube-based biosensor for monitoring microcystin-LR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NCSR Demokritos, Inst Phys Chem, Athens, Greece. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 220-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702611 ER PT J AU Jones, EH Su, CM AF Jones, Edward H. Su, Chunming TI Fate and transport of zinc oxide nanoparticles in porous media in the presence of naturally occurring organic ligands SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jones, Edward H.; Su, Chunming] US EPA, Groundwater & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 251-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702637 ER PT J AU Keiluweit, M Nico, PS Johnson, MG Kleber, M AF Keiluweit, Marco Nico, Peter S. Johnson, Mark G. Kleber, Markus TI Complexity of aromatic carbon in biomass-derived black carbon (biochar): Implications for molecular structure and sorptive interactions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. RI Nico, Peter/F-6997-2010 OI Nico, Peter/0000-0002-4180-9397 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 166-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702559 ER PT J AU Kiser, MA Westerhoff, PK Ryu, H Benn, T AF Kiser, Mehlika A. Westerhoff, Paul K. Ryu, Hodon Benn, Troy TI Occurrence and fate of engineered nanomaterials in wastewater treatment plants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Tempe, AZ USA. US EPA, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Kiser, Mehlika/E-3138-2014 OI Kiser, Mehlika/0000-0002-2194-4356 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 189-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702581 ER PT J AU Liu, XY Chen, GX Su, CM AF Liu, Xuyang Chen, Gexin Su, Chunming TI Aggregation and sedimentation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in aqueous environment: Effects of crystallinity and morphology SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CNR, Ada, OK USA. US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 102-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702499 ER PT J AU Lu, MM Agnew, RE Birch, ME AF Lu, Mingming Agnew, Rachel E. Birch, M. Eileen TI Investigation of health relevant physical and chemical properties of select engineered carbon nanomaterials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 78-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702759 ER PT J AU Marfil-Vega, R Suidan, MT Mills, MA AF Marfil-Vega, Ruth Suidan, Makram T. Mills, Marc A. TI Monitoring of C-14-estradiol to determine the role of abiotic processes in the removal of estrogens during wastewater treatment SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Mills, Marc/C-3449-2017 OI Mills, Marc/0000-0002-0169-3086 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 152-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702546 ER PT J AU Meson, K AF Meson, Kristina TI Schools chemical cleanout campaign (SC3): ACS/EPA partnership SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Meson, Kristina] US EPA, Off Resource Conservat & Recovery, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 17-CHAS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164701108 ER PT J AU Pallem, VL Stretz, HA Wells, MJM Ma, X Bouchard, D AF Pallem, Vasanta L. Stretz, Holly A. Wells, Martha J. M. Ma, Xin Bouchard, Dermont TI Gold nanoparticle interactions with humic acid: Role of nanoparticle core size effects SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Management Utilizat & Protect Water Resources, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. US EPA, NERL Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 107-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702504 ER PT J AU Pelaez, M Falaras, P Likodimos, V Kontos, AG de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD AF Pelaez, Miguel Falaras, Polycarpos Likodimos, Vlassis Kontos, Athanassios G. de la Cruz, Armah A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Highly efficient nanocrystalline visible light-activated TiO2 films by modified sol-gel methods for sustainable "green" applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NCSR Demokritos, Inst Phys Chem, Athens, Greece. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 145-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702540 ER PT J AU Pinto, PX Al-Abed, S Reisman, D AF Pinto, Patricio X. Al-Abed, Souhail Reisman, David TI Heavy metal removal from mine impacted water using chitin SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pegasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 129-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702526 ER PT J AU Pohl, K Sullivan, J Lohmann, R Bollinger, K Cantwell, M Feichter, J Fischer-Bruns, I Zabel, M AF Pohl, Kari Sullivan, Julia Lohmann, Rainer Bollinger, Kevyn Cantwell, Mark Feichter, Johann Fischer-Bruns, Irene Zabel, Matthias TI Fluxes of soot black carbon to South Atlantic sediments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 28-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703137 ER PT J AU Sahle-Demessie, E Li, Z Sorial, G AF Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew Li, Zhen Sorial, George TI Effects of natural organic matter on stability, transport and deposition of engineered nanoparticles in porous media SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, STD, NRMRL, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cinncinnati, Civil & Environm Engn Dept, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 191-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702583 ER PT J AU Sahle-Demessie, E Tadesse, H AF Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew Tadesse, Haregewine TI Interaction of nanoparticles with biofilms SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 136-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702533 ER PT J AU Sullivan, J Lohmann, R Bollinger, K King, J Cantwell, M Caprio, T AF Sullivan, Julia Lohmann, Rainer Bollinger, Kevyn King, John Cantwell, Mark Caprio, Tony TI Black carbon and sorption of PAHs in natural fire-impacted sediments from Oriole Lake (CA) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. US EPA, ORD NHEERL Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. Natl Pk Serv, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Natl Parks, Three Rivers, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 236-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702624 ER PT J AU Tang, H Zhu, H Zhang, LY Sedykh, A Richard, A Rusyn, I Tropsha, A AF Tang, Hao Zhu, Hao Zhang, Liying Sedykh, Alexander Richard, Ann Rusyn, Ivan Tropsha, Alexander TI Toxicity reference database (ToxRefDB) to develop predictive toxicity models and prioritize compounds for future toxicity testing SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Med Chem & Nat Prod, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Tropsha, Alexander/G-6245-2014; Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 26-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164701518 ER PT J AU Virkutyte, J Varma, RS AF Virkutyte, Jurate Varma, Rajender S. TI Green synthesis of highly crystalline and visible-light sensitive C-, N- and S- codoped with Ag TiO2 nanocatalysts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Virkutyte, Jurate; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainble Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 66-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703208 ER PT J AU Virkutyte, J Varma, RS AF Virkutyte, Jurate Varma, Rajender S. TI Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of doped TiO2 under visible light SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Virkutyte, Jurate; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 33-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703181 ER PT J AU Virkutyte, J Varma, RS AF Virkutyte, Jurate Varma, Rajender S. TI Supported bismuth catalysts for degradation of organic contaminants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Virkutyte, Jurate; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 3-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702677 ER PT J AU Volarath, P Little, S Yang, C Martin, M Reif, D Richard, A AF Volarath, Patra Little, Stephen Yang, Chihae Martin, Matt Reif, David Richard, Ann TI Feature analysis of ToxCast (TM) compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Nutr, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 85-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164701576 ER PT J AU Huang, JQ Christ, JA Goltz, MN AF Huang, Junqi Christ, John A. Goltz, Mark N. TI Analytical solutions for efficient interpretation of single-well push-pull tracer tests SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU DETERMINATION; PARTITIONING TRACER; RADIAL DISPERSION; DEPENDENT DISPERSION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; INJECTION WELL; AQUIFER; FLOW; SUBSURFACE; TRANSPORT AB Single-well push-pull tracer tests have been used to characterize the extent, fate, and transport of subsurface contamination. Analytical solutions provide one alternative for interpreting test results. In this work, an exact analytical solution to two-dimensional equations describing the governing processes acting on a dissolved compound during a modified push-pull test (advection, longitudinal and transverse dispersion, first-order decay, and rate-limited sorption/partitioning in steady, divergent, and convergent flow fields) is developed. The coupling of this solution with inverse modeling to estimate aquifer parameters provides an efficient methodology for subsurface characterization. Synthetic data for single-well push-pull tests are employed to demonstrate the utility of the solution for determining (1) estimates of aquifer longitudinal and transverse dispersivities, (2) sorption distribution coefficients and rate constants, and (3) non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) saturations. Employment of the solution to estimate NAPL saturations based on partitioning and non-partitioning tracers is designed to overcome limitations of previous efforts by including rate-limited mass transfer. This solution provides a new tool for use by practitioners when interpreting single-well push-pull test results. C1 [Huang, Junqi] US EPA, Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Christ, John A.] USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Goltz, Mark N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Huang, JQ (reprint author), US EPA, Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM huang.junqi@epa.gov; john.christ@usafa.edu; mark.goltz@afit.edu OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [ER-1612, W91HQ-08-C-0003] FX Portions of this research were sponsored by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, Project ER-1612 (contract W91HQ-08-C-0003). The content of this manuscript has not been subject to agency review and does not necessarily represent the view of the sponsoring agency. Additionally, the views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U. S. government. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 20 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W08538 DI 10.1029/2008WR007647 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 641RO UT WOS:000281147600001 ER PT J AU Aal, GZA Atekwana, EA Rossbach, S Werkema, DD AF Aal, Gamal Z. Abdel Atekwana, Estella A. Rossbach, Silvia Werkema, Dale D. TI Sensitivity of geoelectrical measurements to the presence of bacteria in porous media SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; IONIC-STRENGTH; PSEUDOALTEROMONAS-TUNICATA; SURFACE THERMODYNAMICS; INDUCED POLARIZATION; BIOFILM DEVELOPMENT; IRON-OXIDE; ADHESION; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT AB We investigated the sensitivity of low-frequency electrical measurements (0.1-1000 Hz) to (1) microbial cell density, (2) live and dead cells, and (3) microbial attachment onto mineral surfaces of clean quartz sands and iron oxide-coated sands. Three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (wild type and rhlA and pilA mutant) with different motility and attachment properties were used. Varying concentrations of both live and dead cells of P. aeruginosa wild type in sand columns showed no effect on the real conductivity component (sigma'). However, the imaginary conductivity component (sigma ''.) increased linearly with increasing concentrations of live cells in sand columns, whereas minimal changes were observed with different concentrations of dead cells. A strong power law relationship was observed between sigma '' and the number of cells adsorbed onto sand grain surfaces with the rhlA mutant of P. aeruginosa displaying a higher power law exponent compared to the wild type and pilA mutant. In addition, power law exponents were greater in columns with iron oxide-coated sands compared to clean quartz sands. Minimal changes were observed on the sigma' due to the attachment of P. aeruginosa cells onto sands. We relate the measured low-frequency electrical responses to (1) the distinct electrical properties of live cells and (2) the density of cells attached to mineral surfaces enhancing the surface roughness of sand grains and hence the polarization response. The information obtained from this study enhances our interpretation of microbially induced geoelectrical responses in biostimulated geologic media and may have implications for microbial transport studies. C1 [Aal, Gamal Z. Abdel; Atekwana, Estella A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Boone Pickens Sch Geol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Rossbach, Silvia] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Werkema, Dale D.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Aal, Gamal Z. Abdel] Assiut Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Geol, Assiut, Egypt. RP Aal, GZA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Boone Pickens Sch Geol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM estella.atekwana@okstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0729642]; DOE-BER [DE-FG02-07ER64413]; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP09D000547, EP09D000553]; NSF-MRI [EAR 0722410] FX This material is based in part on work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant OCE-0729642 and DOE-BER grant DE-FG02-07ER64413. This work was partially funded through the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through the student services contracts EP09D000547 and EP09D000553. Although this work was reviewed by the EPA and approved for presentation, it may not necessarily reflect official agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by the EPA for use. The ESEM used for imaging was obtained through NSF-MRI grant EAR 0722410. We thank C. Ownby for help with ESEM imaging. We thank S. Pamp and T. Tolker-Nielsen for providing the Pseudomonas strain and Farag Mewafy, Matt Mcguire, and Dalton Hawkins for laboratory assistance. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD AUG 19 PY 2010 VL 115 AR G03017 DI 10.1029/2009JG001279 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 641QI UT WOS:000281144400001 ER PT J AU Greytak, SR Tarrant, AM Nacci, D Hahn, ME Callard, GV AF Greytak, Sarah R. Tarrant, Ann M. Nacci, Diane Hahn, Mark E. Callard, Gloria V. TI Estrogen responses in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from polluted and unpolluted environments are site- and gene-specific SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Killifish; Estrogen receptors; Biomarkers; Responses; Environmental pollutants; Resistance; Tolerance; Adaptation ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; SEX DETERMINATION; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; VITELLOGENIN GENE; DIOXIN RECEPTOR; MESSENGER-RNA; EXPRESSION AB Epidemiological, ecological, and laboratory-based studies support the hypothesis that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment are responsible for developmental and reproductive abnormalities. We have previously described a killifish population resident in a highly polluted Superfund site (New Bedford Harbor, NBH) that shows evidence of exposure to an estrogenic environment and endocrine disruption. Here, we compare NBH with a local reference population (Scorton Creek, SC) for developmental patterns and direct effects of exogenous estradiol on the estrogenic markers, brain cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19A2 or AroB), hepatic vitellogenin (Vtg), and hepatic estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha). In contrast to our previous observation of elevated ER alpha in NBH embryos, developmental levels of AroB and Vtg mRNAs did not differ between the two sites, demonstrating that not all estrogen-responsive genes are upregulated in NBH embryos. A dose-response experiment showed that NBH larvae are less responsive (lower maximum induction, as measured by ER alpha) and less sensitive (higher EC(50) for induction, as measured by AroB) to estradiol than SC larvae, changes that would be adaptive in an estrogenic environment. In contrast, induction of Vtg mRNA is similar in the two populations, indicating that the adaptive mechanism is target gene-specific. Based on the lower basal levels of ER alpha mRNA in several tissues from adult NBH fish vs SC fish (Greytak and Callard, 2007), we predicted estrogen hyporesponsiveness; however, induction of ER alpha by estradiol exposure in reproductively inactive males did not differ between the two sites. Moreover, AroB was more responsive and Vtg induction was greater (2d) or similar (5d) in NBH as compared to SC males. Worth noting is the high inter-individual variability in estrogen responses of gene targets, especially in NBH killifish, which may indicate evolving preadaptive or adaptive mechanisms. In conclusion, although multi-generational exposure to a highly polluted environment is associated with changes in basal levels of ER alpha mRNA, this is not a simple predictor of estrogen responsiveness. We hypothesize that adaptation of killifish to the estrogenic and polluted environment may be occurring through diverse mechanisms that are gene-, tissue type- and life-stage-specific. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Greytak, Sarah R.; Callard, Gloria V.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Tarrant, Ann M.; Hahn, Mark E.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Nacci, Diane] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02879 USA. RP Callard, GV (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biol, 5 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM gvc@bu.edu OI Hahn, Mark/0000-0003-4358-2082 FU National Institutes of Health (NIEHS) [P42ES007381]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [RD831301]; National Sea Grant College Program [R/P-68 22227323]; National Institutes of Health [NICHD 2T32 HD 073897]; Ruth L Kirschstein National Research Service [NIEHS F32 ES013092] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIEHS P42ES007381, Superfund Basic Research Center at Boston University), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RD831301), and the National Sea Grant College Program (R/P-68 22227323). SRG was the recipient of a National Institutes of Health predoctoral traineeship (NICHD 2T32 HD 073897). AMT was supported by a Ruth L Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NIEHS F32 ES013092). NR 62 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 99 IS 2 BP 291 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.05.009 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 633NV UT WOS:000280510700021 PM 20570371 ER PT J AU Balboni, G Marzola, E Sasaki, Y Ambo, A Marczak, ED Lazarus, LH Salvadori, S AF Balboni, Gianfranco Marzola, Erika Sasaki, Yusuke Ambo, Akihiro Marczak, Ewa D. Lazarus, Lawrence H. Salvadori, Severo TI Role of 2 ',6 '-dimethyl-L-tyrosine (Dmt) in some opioid lead compounds SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Dmt-Tic pharmacophore; Opioid peptides; Opioid receptors; delta-Opioid agonists; UFP-512; delta-Opioid antagonists ID MU AGONIST/DELTA ANTAGONIST; TIC PHARMACOPHORE; ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS; RECEPTOR LIGANDS; SELECTIVITY; AFFINITY; BENZIMIDAZOLE; ENDOMORPHIN-2; ALKYLATION; CONVENIENT AB Here we evaluated how the interchange of the amino acids 2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine (Dmt), 2',6'-difluoro-L- tyrosine (Dft), and tyrosine in position 1 can affect the pharmacological characterization of some reference opioid peptides and pseudopeptides. Generally, Dft and Tyr provide analogues with a similar pharmacological profile, despite different pK(a) values. Dmt/Tyr(Dft) replacement gives activity changes depending on the reference opioid in which the modification was made. Whereas, H-Dmt-Tic-Asp*-Bid is a potent and selective delta agonist (MVD, IC50 = 0.12 nM); H-Dft-Tic-Asp*-Bid and H-Tyr-Tic-Asp*-Bid are potent and selective delta antagonists (pA(2) = 8.95 and 8.85, respectively). When these amino acids are employed in the synthesis of deltorphin B and its Dmt(1) and Dft(1) analogues, the three compounds maintain a very similar delta agonism (MVD, IC50 0.32-0.53 nM) with a decrease in selectivity relative to the Dmt(1) analogue. In the less selective H-Dmt-Tic-Gly*-Bid the replacement of Dmt with Dft and Tyr retains the delta agonism but with a decrease in potency. Antagonists containing the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore do not support the exchange of Dmt with Dft or Tyr. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Balboni, Gianfranco] Univ Cagliari, Dept Toxicol, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy. [Marzola, Erika; Salvadori, Severo] Univ Ferrara, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Marzola, Erika; Salvadori, Severo] Univ Ferrara, Ctr Biotechnol, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Sasaki, Yusuke; Ambo, Akihiro] Tohoku Pharmaceut Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9818558, Japan. [Marczak, Ewa D.; Lazarus, Lawrence H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Med Chem Grp, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Balboni, G (reprint author), Univ Cagliari, Dept Toxicol, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy. EM gbalboni@unica.it; sal@unife.it OI Marzola, Erika/0000-0002-1428-1363; SALVADORI, Severo/0000-0002-8224-2358 FU University of Cagliari; University of Ferrara; NIH; NIEHS FX This work was supported in part by the University of Cagliari (to G.B.), the University of Ferrara (S.S.), and in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH and NIEHS (to L.H.L.). NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 EI 1464-3391 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 16 BP 6024 EP 6030 DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.073 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 635OD UT WOS:000280664100027 PM 20637637 ER PT J AU Macpherson, AJ Principe, PP Smith, ER AF Macpherson, Alexander J. Principe, Peter P. Smith, Elizabeth R. TI A directional distance function approach to regional environmental-economic assessments SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Environmental assessment; Production analysis; Efficiency; Nonparametric modeling; Mid-Atlantic ID MID-ATLANTIC REGION; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; PRODUCTIVITY; INDICATORS; INDEXES; DEA AB Numerous difficulties await those creating regional-scale environmental assessments, from data having inconsistent spatial or temporal scales to poorly-understood environmental processes and indicators. Including socioeconomic variables further complicates assessments. While statistical or process-based regional environmental assessment models may be computationally or financially expensive, we propose a simple nonparametric outcomes-based approach using a directional distance function from the efficiency and productivity analysis literature. The regional environmental-economic directional distance function characterizes the relative efficiency of geographic units in combining multiple inputs to produce multiple desirable and undesirable socioeconomic and environmental outputs. This function makes no assumptions about the functional relationships among variables, but by quantifying the extent to which desirable outputs can be expanded and inputs and undesirable outputs contracted, the function can help decisionmakers identify the most important broad-scale management and restoration opportunities across a heterogeneous region. A case study involving 134 watersheds in the Mid-Atlantic region of the USA indicates that, depending on which outputs are specified as desirable in the models, 25%-33% of the watersheds are efficient in producing desirable outputs while minimizing inputs and undesirable outputs. Models including socioeconomic indicators exhibit increased watershed efficiency compared to models using only environmental indicators. Efficiency levels appear to be correlated with ecoregions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Principe, Peter P.; Smith, Elizabeth R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev E243 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Macpherson, Alexander J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev C439 02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Principe, PP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev E243 05, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM macpherson.alex@epa.gov; principe.peter@epa.gov; smith.betsy@epa.gov NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 69 IS 10 BP 1918 EP 1925 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.04.012 PG 8 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 635LK UT WOS:000280656900004 ER PT J AU Heberling, MT Garcia, JH Thurston, HW AF Heberling, Matthew T. Garcia, Jorge H. Thurston, Hale W. TI Does encouraging the use of wetlands in water quality trading programs make economic sense? SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Water quality trading; Wetlands; Ecosystem services; Incentives ID MANAGEMENT; POLLUTION; MARKETS; COST AB This paper examines a proposal to incorporate the use of wetlands in water quality trading (WQT) programs in order to meet national wetlands goals and advance WQT. It develops a competitive WQT model wherein wetland services are explicitly considered. To participate in a WQT program, an agricultural producer could employ wetlands as his nutrient management practice. Unlike most other management practices, wetlands not only remove nutrients from agricultural runoff but also provide ancillary benefits like wildlife habitat and flood control that do not exclusively accrue to the farmer. Thus, when appropriate, a WQT program should be coupled with additional incentives for wetland creation and restoration, such as using a wetland subsidy. Despite the water quality enhancement properties of wetlands, the model reveals that implementing a wetland subsidy will not necessarily translate into water quality improvements. While wetland creation is externally incentivized, the farm's opportunity cost of fertilizer usage in the WQT market is also reduced. In this sense, a wetland subsidy acts like a fertilizer subsidy. Conditions under which a wetland subsidy will help expand WQT include some degree of farmland area fixity, which is resembled in some, but not all, watersheds, and high efficiency of the wetland abatement technology. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Heberling, Matthew T.; Thurston, Hale W.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, NRMRL, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Garcia, Jorge H.] Univ Javeriana, Dept Econ, Bogota, Colombia. RP Heberling, MT (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, NRMRL, Off Res & Dev, MS 498,26 WML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM heberling.matt@epa.gov OI Heberling, Matthew/0000-0003-1120-612X NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 69 IS 10 BP 1988 EP 1994 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.05.014 PG 7 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 635LK UT WOS:000280656900011 ER PT J AU Shanks, OC White, K Kelty, CA Sivaganesan, M Blannon, J Meckes, M Varma, M Haugland, RA AF Shanks, Orin C. White, Karen Kelty, Catherine A. Sivaganesan, Mano Blannon, Janet Meckes, Mark Varma, Manju Haugland, Richard A. TI Performance of PCR-Based Assays Targeting Bacteroidales Genetic Markers of Human Fecal Pollution in Sewage and Fecal Samples SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; REAL-TIME PCR; QUANTITATIVE PCR; SOURCE TRACKING; FRESH-WATER; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIA; FECES; INDEX AB There are numerous PCR-based assays available to characterize human fecal pollution in ambient waters Each assay employs distinct oligonucleotides and many target different genes and microorganisms leading to potential variations in assay performance. Performance comparisons utilizing feces and raw sewage samples are needed to determine which assays are best suited for expensive and time-consuming field validation, fate, transport, and epidemiology studies. We report the assessment of five end-point PCR and 10 real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays that target genes from presumptive Bacteroidales microorganisms reported to be associated with human feces Each assay was tested against a reference collection of 54 primary influent sewage samples collected from different geographical locations across the United States and 174 fecal DNA extracts from 23 different animal sources Experiments indicate that human-associated genetic markers are distributed across a broad range of human populations but show substantial differences in specificity for human feces suggesting that particular assays may be more suitable than others depending on the abundance of genetic marker required for detection and the animal sources impacting a particular watershed or beach of interest. C1 [Shanks, Orin C.; White, Karen; Kelty, Catherine A.; Sivaganesan, Mano; Blannon, Janet; Meckes, Mark] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Varma, Manju; Haugland, Richard A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Shanks, OC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. FU U.S Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official positions and policies of the U.S. EPA. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use NR 29 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 16 BP 6281 EP 6288 DI 10.1021/es100311n PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 636JD UT WOS:000280727400046 PM 20704227 ER PT J AU Gardener, H Gao, XA Chen, HL Schwarzschild, MA Spiegelman, D Ascherio, A AF Gardener, Hannah Gao, Xiang Chen, Honglei Schwarzschild, Michael A. Spiegelman, Donna Ascherio, Alberto TI Prenatal and Early Life Factors and Risk of Parkinson's Disease SO MOVEMENT DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE birth weight; epidemiology; functional laterality; maternal exposure; Parkinson's disease ID HAND PREFERENCE; LEFT-HANDEDNESS; MATERNAL AGE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; DIGIT RATIO; WOMEN; CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; ORIGINS; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL AB Few studies have investigated the relation between early life factors and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), although a potential role of exposures during pregnancy and childhood has been hypothesized. The study population comprised participants in two prospective cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (121,701 female nurses followed up from 1976-2002) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (51,529 male health professionals followed up from 1986-2002). PD risk was examined in relation to season of birth, birthweight, parental age at birth, preterm birth, multiple birth, ever having been breast-fed, and handedness. We identified 659 incident PD cases. No significant relation with PD was observed for birthweight, paternal age, preterm birth, multiple birth, and having been breast-fed. A modest nonsignificant association was suggested for season of birth (30% higher risk of PD associated with spring versus winter birth) and for older maternal age at birth (75% increased risk among those with mothers aged 30 years and older versus younger than 20 years). Left-handedness was associated with a 62% increased risk of PD in women but not in men. Further investigation of the relation between prenatal, perinatal, or neonatal factors and PD in other study populations is suggested. (C) 2010 Movement Disorder Society C1 [Gardener, Hannah; Spiegelman, Donna; Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Gao, Xiang; Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Chen, Honglei] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Schwarzschild, Michael A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Spiegelman, Donna] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Ascherio, Alberto] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Gardener, H (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Neurol, Miller Sch Med, POB 016960 M-877, Miami, FL 33101 USA. EM hgardener@med.miami.edu OI Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 FU National Research Service [T32 MH17119]; NIH/NINDS; NIH; Department of Defense; American Parkinson Disease Association; Parkinson's Disease Foundation; Health Resources and Services Administration; NIH/NCI; NIH/NIEHS; National Multiple Sclerosis Society FX We thank Dr. Steve Buka and Dr. Janet Rich-Edwards for their help and guidance in reviewing the results and manuscript. We also thank Alvin Wing and Ellis O'Reilly for reviewing the statistical programs. This work was supported by a National Research Service Award grant from the Training Program in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics (T32 MH17119).; Dr. Gardener: support from the NIH/NINDS. Dr. Gao: serves on the Monitoring Committee of the Parkinson Study Group and support from NIH/NINDS. Dr. Chen: support from the Intramural research program of the NIH. Dr. Schwarzschild: support from the NIH/NINDS and the Department of Defense and the American Parkinson Disease Association, Parkinson's Disease Foundation, and the Michael J Fox Foundation. Dr. Spiegelman: support from Health Resources and Services Administration, NIH/NCI, and NIH/NIEHS. Dr. Ascherio: personal compensation for speaking activities from Merck-Serono and research funding from the the Department of Defense, Autism Speaks, the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, and the Michael J. Fox Foundation. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0885-3185 J9 MOVEMENT DISORD JI Mov. Disord. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1560 EP 1567 DI 10.1002/mds.23339 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 644BW UT WOS:000281346400005 PM 20740569 ER PT J AU Garcia-Villada, L Drake, JW AF Garcia-Villada, Libertad Drake, John W. TI Mutational clusters generated by non-processive polymerases: A case study using DNA polymerase beta in vitro SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE DNA polymerase beta; Mutational clusters; Polymerase processivity ID BASE SUBSTITUTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FIDELITY; MECHANISM; MUTANTS; SHOWERS; ERRORS AB Available DNA mutational spectra reveal that the number of mutants with multiple mutations ("multiples") is usually greater than expected from a random distribution of mutations among mutants. These overloads imply the occurrence of non-random clusters of mutations. probably generated during episodes of low-fidelity DNA synthesis. Excess multiples have been reported not only for viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic cells but also for the DNA polymerases of phages T4 and RB69 in vitro. In the simplest case of a purified polymerase, non-random clusters may be generated by a subfraction of phenotypic variants able to introduce more errors per cycle of DNA synthesis than the normal enzyme. According to this hypothesis, excess multiples are not expected with non-processive polymerases even if they harbor rare mutator variants. DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) is a mammalian DNA-repair polymerase with very low processivity. Although several Pol beta mutational spectra have been described, there is conflicting evidence on whether or not excess multiples occur, with spectra based on the HSV-tk system tending to show excess multiples. Excess multiples generated by Pol beta or any of its mutants might imply that the excesses of multiples observed in numerous other systems, especially those with processive polymerases, could be artifactual. Here. the distributions of mutations generated by native and recombinant rat Pol beta and by the Pol beta(Y265C) mutator were analyzed in the M13mp2 lacZ alpha system. Our results present no evidence for a significant excess of multiples over the expected numbers with any of the Pol beta enzymes tested in this system. The reported excess of Pol beta-generated multiples in the HSV-tk system may reflect a reduced efficiency of detection of base substitutions that cause weak phenotypes, which in turn may artifactually increase the frequency of multiples. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Garcia-Villada, Libertad; Drake, John W.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Drake, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, POB 12233,111 S Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM garciavitlal@niehs.nih.gov; drake@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01ES065016] FX We thank Sam Bennett, the Sam Wilson lab, and Joann Sweasy for gifts of purified Pol beta preparations; Kasia Bebenek, Stephanie Nick McElhinny, Dinh Nguyen and Tom Kunkel for advice on the properties and use of the lacZ alpha system; and Kasia Bebenek and Bill Beard for critical readings of the manuscript. This research was supported by funds allocated to project number Z01ES065016 of the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD AUG 5 PY 2010 VL 9 IS 8 BP 871 EP 878 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2010.05.002 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 642AJ UT WOS:000281174700004 PM 20627824 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Gordenin, DA Resnick, MA AF Yang, Yong Gordenin, Dmitry A. Resnick, Michael A. TI A single-strand specific lesion drives MMS-induced hyper-mutability at a double-strand break in yeast SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE Localized hyper-mutability; Double-strand break; Single-strand DNA; DNA polymerase zeta; Methyl methanesulfonate ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ALKYLATION DAMAGE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA-POLYMERASE; IN-VIVO; PYRIMIDINE DIMERS; ABASIC SITES; REPAIR; RNA AB Localized hyper-mutability (LHM) can be important in evolution, immunity, and genetic diseases. We previously reported that single-strand DNA (ssDNA) can be an important source of damage-induced LHM in yeast. Here, we establish that the generation of LHM by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) during repair of a chromosomal double-strand break (DSB) can result in over 0.2 mutations/kb, which is similar to 20,000-fold higher than the MMS-induced mutation density without a DSB. The MMS-induced mutations associated with DSB repair were primarily due to substitutions via translesion DNA synthesis at damaged cytosines, even though there are nearly 10 times more MMS-induced lesions at other bases. Based on this mutation bias, the promutagenic lesion dominating LHM is likely 3-methylcytosine. which is single-strand specific. Thus, the dramatic increase in mutagenesis at a DSB is concluded to result primarily from the generation of non-repairable lesions in ssDNA associated with DSB repair along with efficient induction of highly mutagenic ssDNA-specific lesions. These findings with MMS-induced LHM have broad biological implications for unrepaired damage generated in ssDNA and possibly ssRNA. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yang, Yong; Gordenin, Dmitry A.; Resnick, Michael A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Resnick, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM gordenin@niehs.nih.gov; resnick@niehs.nih.gov OI Gordenin, Dmitry/0000-0002-8399-1836 FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES065073] FX We thank Dr. Shay Covo and other members of the lab for many helpful discussions. We are grateful to Drs. Julie Horton, Jana Stone, Steven Roberts and Thomas Kunkel for critical reading of the manuscript and helpful suggestions. This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Project ES065073 to M.A.R.). NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD AUG 5 PY 2010 VL 9 IS 8 BP 914 EP 921 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2010.06.005 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 642AJ UT WOS:000281174700009 PM 20663718 ER PT J AU Barlaz, MA Bareither, CA Hossain, A Saquing, J Mezzari, I Benson, CH Tolaymat, TM Yazdani, R AF Barlaz, Morton A. Bareither, Christopher A. Hossain, Azam Saquing, Jovita Mezzari, Isabella Benson, Craig H. Tolaymat, Thabet M. Yazdani, Ramin TI Performance of North American Bioreactor Landfills. II: Chemical and Biological Characteristics SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Global Waste Management Symposium (GWMS) CY SEP 07-10, 2008 CL Copper Mt, CO DE Landfills; Bioreactor; Solid waste; Leachate quality; Methane ID MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; TRACE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; LEACHATE RECIRCULATION; GAS; SPECIATION; MODEL; FATE AB The objective of this research was to examine the performance of five North American bioreactor landfills. This paper represents the second of a two-part series and addresses biological and chemical aspects of bioreactor performance including gas production and management, and leachate chemistry. The data support accelerated methane generation at several landfills (k=0.08-0.21 1/year) relative to the AP-42 default decay rate (k=0.04 1/year). While the data indicate that gas collection increases at bioreactor landfills, a general relationship between decay rate and moisture added or wet weight water content could not be identified. There was no indication that gas collection increases appreciably when the water content reaches 40%. Most of the leachates at the landfills in this study were commingled from cells operating as a bioreactor and conventionally. Nevertheless, trends in pH and BOD:COD in the bioreactor leachates were consistent with the impacts of enhanced biological activity. Ammonia concentrations also increased over time but remained below levels reported to be inhibitory. For both heavy metals and speciated organic chemicals, there was no indication that bioreactor landfill leachate is significantly different from leachate generated at conventional landfills. C1 [Bareither, Christopher A.; Benson, Craig H.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Barlaz, Morton A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hossain, Azam; Saquing, Jovita; Mezzari, Isabella] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Tolaymat, Thabet M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Yazdani, Ramin] Yolo Cty Planning, Woodland, CA 95776 USA. [Yazdani, Ramin] Dept Publ Works, Div Integrated Waste Management, Woodland, CA 95776 USA. RP Bareither, CA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM barlaz@eos.ncsu.edu; bareither@wisc.edu; hossain.azam@gmail.com; jmsaquin@ncsu.edu; imezzari@gmail.com; chbenson@wisc.edu; tolaymat.thabet@epa.gov; Ramin.Yazdani@yolocounty.org NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 43 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2010 VL 136 IS 8 BP 839 EP 853 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000220 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 626US UT WOS:000279993300013 ER PT J AU Bateson, TF Wright, JM AF Bateson, Thomas F. Wright, J. Michael TI Regression Calibration for Classical Exposure Measurement Error in Environmental Epidemiology Studies Using Multiple Local Surrogate Exposures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bias (epidemiology); environmental exposure; epidemiologic methods; measurement error; misclassification; regression analysis; surrogate marker; water pollution ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER CONTAMINANTS; PERSON MEASUREMENT ERROR; AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; BIRTH OUTCOMES; FETAL-GROWTH; PARTICULATE MATTER; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; TRIHALOMETHANE EXPOSURE; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS AB Environmental epidemiologic studies are often hierarchical in nature if they estimate individuals' personal exposures using ambient metrics. Local samples are indirect surrogate measures of true local pollutant concentrations which estimate true personal exposures. These ambient metrics include classical-type nondifferential measurement error. The authors simulated subjects' true exposures and their corresponding surrogate exposures as the mean of local samples and assessed the amount of bias attributable to classical and Berkson measurement error on odds ratios, assuming that the logit of risk depends on true individual-level exposure. The authors calibrated surrogate exposures using scalar transformation functions based on observed within- and between-locality variances and compared regression-calibrated results with naive results using surrogate exposures. The authors further assessed the performance of regression calibration in the presence of Berkson-type error. Following calibration, bias due to classical-type measurement error, resulting in as much as 50% attenuation in naive regression estimates, was eliminated. Berkson-type error appeared to attenuate logistic regression results less than 1%. This regression calibration method reduces effects of classical measurement error that are typical of epidemiologic studies using multiple local surrogate exposures as indirect surrogate exposures for unobserved individual exposures. Berkson-type error did not alter the performance of regression calibration. This regression calibration method does not require a supplemental validation study to compute an attenuation factor. C1 [Bateson, Thomas F.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Bateson, TF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8623P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bateson.thomas@epa.gov FU Environmental Protection Agency FX This work was supported by the Environmental Protection Agency. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 172 IS 3 BP 344 EP 352 DI 10.1093/aje/kwq123 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 633UB UT WOS:000280531100013 PM 20573838 ER PT J AU Draper, DW Madenspacher, JH Dixon, D King, DH Remaley, AT Fessler, MB AF Draper, David W. Madenspacher, Jennifer H. Dixon, Darlene King, Debra H. Remaley, Alan T. Fessler, Michael B. TI ATP-binding Cassette Transporter G1 Deficiency Dysregulates Host Defense in the Lung SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ATP binding cassette G1; cholesterol; innate immunity; lung; pneumonia ID PULMONARY ALVEOLAR PROTEINOSIS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; NIEMANN-PICK-DISEASE; LIVER-X-RECEPTOR; HUMAN MACROPHAGES; INNATE IMMUNITY; ABCG1; CHOLESTEROL; INFLAMMATION; MICE AB Rationale: Mice with genetic deletion of the cholesterol efflux transporter, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) G1, have pulmonary lipidosis and chronic pulmonary inflammation. Whether ABCG1 regulates host defense is unknown. Objectives: To determine whether ABCG1 regulates pulmonary innate immunity and host defense, and to investigate the underlying molecular/cellular mechanisms. Methods: Abcg1(+/-) and Abcg1(-/-) mice were challenged with intrapulmonary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Klebsiella pneumoniae, intravenous K pneumoniae, or intra peritoneal LPS. Phenotypic responses were profiled Bone marrow chimeras and in vitro assays were used to differentiate and characterize the role of hematopoietic versus nonhematopoietic ABCG1 in host defense. Measurements and Main Results: Unexposed Abcg1(-/-) mice had normal numbers of circulating neutrophils, but increased neutrophil recruitment to the airspace and lung parenchyma, and increased airspace cytokines and chemokines in the steady state. After intrapulmonary LPS or K. pneumoniae, Abcg1(-/-) mice displayed exaggerated further neutrophil recruitment to and degranulation in the airspace, and elevated airspace cytokine/chemokine induction. Alveolar macrophage ABCG1 was critical, as ABCG1 deficiency in hematopoietic cells was sufficient to enhance responses in vivo, and Abcg1(-/-) alveolar macrophages adopted a "foam cell" phenotype, and were hyperresponsive ex vivo. Pulmonary compartmentalization and clearance of K pneumoniae were increased in Abcg1-/- mice, indicating enhanced host defense. By contrast, Abcg1(+/+) and Abcg1(-/-) mice had equivalent responses to intravenous K pneumoniae and intraperitoneal LPS, suggesting that ABCG1 regulates innate immunity in a tissue-selective manner. Conclusions: Abcgl1 (/-) mice have an enhanced pulmonary host defense response driven predominantly by hematopoietic cells. C1 [Draper, David W.; Madenspacher, Jennifer H.; Fessler, Michael B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dixon, Darlene; King, Debra H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Remaley, Alan T.] NHLBI, Lipoprot Metab Sect, Pulm & Vasc Med Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Fessler, MB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, 111 T W Alexander Dr,POB 12233,MD D2-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES102005] FX Supported in part by Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant; D W D is an employee of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) I H M does not have a financial relationship with a commercial entity that has an interest in the subject of this manuscript D D does not have a financial relationship with a commercial entity that has an interest in the subject of this manuscript D H K does not have a financial relationship with a commercial entity that has an interest in the subject of this manuscript AT R received more than 8100,001 from KineMed Inc for a peptide drug development project-NIH-approved cooperative research agreement (CRADA), $5,001-$10,000 from AlphaCore Pharma for a recombinant Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase development project-NIB-approved CRADA, and $5,001-$10,000 from VirxSys Inc for a trans-splicing gene delivery project-NIH-approved CRADA M B F does not have a financial relationship with a commercial entity that has an interest in the subject of this manuscriptZ01 ES102005 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 182 IS 3 BP 404 EP 412 DI 10.1164/rccm.200910-1580OC PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 635ZP UT WOS:000280697400016 PM 20395559 ER PT J AU Ware, MW Augustine, SAJ Erisman, DO See, MJ Wymer, L Hayes, SL Dubey, JP Villegas, EN AF Ware, Michael W. Augustine, Swinburne A. J. Erisman, David O. See, Mary Jean Wymer, Larry Hayes, Samuel L. Dubey, J. P. Villegas, Eric N. TI Determining UV Inactivation of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts by Using Cell Culture and a Mouse Bioassay SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; SEVERE ACQUIRED TOXOPLASMOSIS; LOW-PRESSURE ULTRAVIOLET; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; REAL-TIME PCR; WATERBORNE TOXOPLASMOSIS; DRINKING-WATER; SEA OTTERS; UNITED-STATES; FRENCH-GUIANA AB The effect of UV exposure on Toxoplasma gondii oocysts has not been completely defined for use in water disinfection. This study evaluated UV-irradiated oocysts by three assays: a SCID mouse bioassay, an in vitro T. gondii oocyst plaque (TOP) assay, and a quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay. The results from the animal bioassay show that 1- and 3-log(10) inactivation is achieved with 4 mJ/cm(2) UV and 10 mJ/cm(2) low-pressure UV, respectively. TOP assay results, but not RT-qPCR results, correlate well with bioassay results. In conclusion, a 3-log(10) inactivation of T. gondii oocysts is achieved by 10-mJ/cm(2) low-pressure UV, and the in vitro TOP assay is a promising alternative to the mouse bioassay. C1 [Villegas, Eric N.] US EPA, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hayes, Samuel L.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [See, Mary Jean; Villegas, Eric N.] Univ Cincinnati, McMicken Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Villegas, EN (reprint author), US EPA, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM villegas.eric@epa.gov RI Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015 OI Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [DW-12-92289801-0] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under interagency agreement number DW-12-92289801-0 to USDA and contract number EP-D-06-100 to the McConnell Group. It has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 76 IS 15 BP 5140 EP 5147 DI 10.1128/AEM.00153-10 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 630II UT WOS:000280266200025 PM 20543052 ER PT J AU Godowitch, JM Pouliot, GA Rao, ST AF Godowitch, James M. Pouliot, George A. Rao, S. Trivikrama TI Assessing multi-year changes in modeled and observed urban NOX concentrations from a dynamic model evaluation perspective SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Dynamic model evaluation; Weekday NOX changes; Mobile NOX emissions; NOX concentrations; Air quality modeling ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; PART I; OZONE; PERFORMANCE; INVENTORIES; PREDICTIONS; METEOROLOGY; EMISSIONS; SYSTEM AB An investigation of the concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOX) from an air quality model and observations at monitoring sites was performed to assess the changes in NOX levels attributable to changes in mobile emissions. This evaluation effort focused on weekday morning rush hours since urban NOX concentrations are strongly influenced by the significant loading of emissions associated with heavy commuter traffic. On-road vehicle NOX emissions generated by the MOBILE6 model revealed a steady decline with an overall decrease of 25% for 2002-2006. In this study, a dynamic model evaluation was undertaken that entails an assessment of the predicted concentration response of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model due to changes in NOX emissions as well as to meteorological variability spanning 3-month summer periods over five consecutive years (2002-2006) against observed concentration changes at NOX monitoring sites located primarily in urban areas of the eastern United States. Both modeled and observed hourly NOX concentrations exhibited maximum values that coincided with the morning peak NOX emissions. The notable results, based on 3-h average (6-9 AM local time) NOX concentrations, derived between the 50th and 95th percentiles of cumulative concentration distributions, revealed that modeled changes at these elevated NOX levels generally tracked the year-toyear variations in the observed concentration changes. When summer 2002 values were used as a reference, both modeled and observed results also showed definitive decreases in weekday morning urban NOX concentrations over this multi-year period, which can be primarily attributed to the reductions in mobile source emissions. Whereas observed NOX concentrations have declined by about 25% over this period consistent with the decline in the modeled mobile emission sector, modeled NOX concentration changes were close to the decreases exhibited in all (mobile + other sectors) surface NOX emissions whose overall decline was about 15% over this multi-year period. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Godowitch, James M.; Pouliot, George A.; Rao, S. Trivikrama] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Godowitch, JM (reprint author), US EPA, E243-04,4930 Page Rd, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM godowitch.james@epa.gov OI Pouliot, George/0000-0003-3406-4814 NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 44 IS 24 BP 2894 EP 2901 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.040 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 630MP UT WOS:000280277700012 ER PT J AU Wang, PK Su, SH Setvak, M Lin, HM Rabin, RM AF Wang, Pao K. Su, Shih-Hao Setvak, Martin Lin, Hsinmu Rabin, Robert M. TI Ship wave signature at the cloud top of deep convective storms SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ship waves; Severe storms; Deep convection; Blocking; Diverging mode; Transverse mode ID THUNDERSTORM; PLUMES AB We identify certain features atop some thunderstorms observed by meteorological satellites as ship wave-like. A few examples of satellite visible images are shown and the ship wave signature patterns in them are identified and discussed. The presence of ship wave signatures implies the existence of a dynamical mechanism in the storm that behaves like an obstacle to the ambient flow. We use a numerical storm model simulation to show that this mechanism is due to the strong updraft and divergence in the upper part of the storm. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Pao K.; Su, Shih-Hao] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Setvak, Martin] Czech Hydrometeorol Inst, CZ-14306 Prague 4, Czech Republic. [Lin, Hsinmu] US EPA, STC, ORD NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lin, Hsinmu] NOAA ARL AMD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rabin, Robert M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Wang, PK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pao@windy.aos.wisc.edu FU US NSF [ATM-0244505, ATM-0729898]; Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [205/07/0905]; NOAA/NESDIS GOES-I/M Product Assurance Plan (GIMPAP) FX PKW would like to acknowledge the partial support of US NSF Grants ATM-0244505 and ATM-0729898, and MS a partial support of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, project 205/07/0905. RMR would like to acknowledge partial support from the NOAA/NESDIS GOES-I/M Product Assurance Plan (GIMPAP). Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation (NSF). NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 97 IS 3 BP 294 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres2010.03.015 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 630MV UT WOS:000280278400002 ER PT J AU Blum, MJ Walters, DM Burkhead, NM Freeman, BJ Porter, BA AF Blum, Michael J. Walters, David M. Burkhead, Noel M. Freeman, Byron J. Porter, Brady A. TI Reproductive isolation and the expansion of an invasive hybrid swarm SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Hybridization; Assortative mating; Heterosis; Freshwater fish; Cyprinella ID MINNOW CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SEXUAL SELECTION; SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW; PECOS PUPFISH; NOTROPIS-LUTRENSIS; SYMPATRIC STICKLEBACKS; GENETIC INTROGRESSION; CARPOBROTUS AIZOACEAE; CYPRINELLA-GALACTURA AB Biological invasions involving hybridization proceed according to prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms. Yet few comparisons of reproductive isolation have been carried out to understand how different mechanisms prevent or promote invasions involving hybridization. Here we present a study of prezygotic and postzygotic isolation between non-native red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) and native blacktail shiner (C. venusta stigmatura) from the Coosa River basin (USA) to better understand the formation and expansion of invasive hybrid swarms. We conducted spawning trials to measure mating preferences and raised broods from crosses to assay hybrid viability through early juvenile development. Females of both species were more responsive to conspecific mates, although blacktail shiner females responded more often to heterospecific mates than did red shiner females. Fecundity of red shiner females was also higher than blacktail shiner females. Heterospecific crosses resulted in lower fertilization and egg hatching rates, but we found no other evidence of inviability. Rather, we found comparatively low larval mortality of F(1) hybrids, which is suggestive of heterosis. These findings support prior inferences of assortative mating from genetic descriptions of hybridization, and that the invasion in the Coosa River is likely proceeding due to interspecific competition and intrinsic hybrid viability. C1 [Blum, Michael J.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Blum, Michael J.; Walters, David M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Walters, David M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Burkhead, Noel M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Porter, Brady A.] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. RP Blum, MJ (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM mjblum@tulane.edu RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012 NR 73 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD AUG PY 2010 VL 12 IS 8 BP 2825 EP 2836 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9688-9 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 622RJ UT WOS:000279682800037 ER PT J AU Yang, FM Stonehuerner, JG Richards, JH Nguyen, NB Callaghan, KD Haile, DJ Ghio, AJ AF Yang, Funmei Stonehuerner, Jacqueline G. Richards, Judy H. Nguyen, Ngoc-Bich Callaghan, Kimberly D. Haile, David J. Ghio, Andrew J. TI Deficiency in the divalent metal transporter 1 increases bleomycin-induced lung injury SO BIOMETALS LA English DT Article DE Iron; Lung diseases; Ferritin; Mouse ID BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; PULMONARY FIBROSIS; MICROCYTIC ANEMIA; IRON TRANSPORT; MICE; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; DECREASES; CLONING AB Exposure to bleomycin can result in an inflammatory lung injury. The biological effect of this anti-neoplastic agent is dependent on its coordination of iron with subsequent oxidant generation. In lung cells, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) can participate in metal transport resulting in control of an oxidative stress and tissue damage. We tested the postulate that metal import by DMT1 would participate in preventing lung injury after exposure to bleomycin. Microcytic anemia (mk/mk) mice defective in DMT1 and wild-type mice were exposed to either bleomycin or saline via intratracheal instillation and the resultant lung injury was compared. Twenty-four h after instillation, the number of neutrophils and protein concentrations after bleomycin exposure were significantly elevated in the mk/mk mice relative to the wild-type mice. Similarly, levels of a pro-inflammatory mediator were significantly increased in the mk/mk mice relative to wild-type mice following bleomycin instillation. Relative to wild-type mice, mk/mk mice demonstrated lower non-heme iron concentrations in the lung, liver, spleen, and splenic, peritoneal, and liver macrophages. In contrast, levels of this metal were elevated in alveolar macrophages from mk/mk mice. We conclude that DMT1 participates in the inflammatory lung injury after bleomycin with mk/mk mice having increased inflammation and damage following exposure. This finding supports the hypothesis that DMT1 takes part in iron detoxification and homeostasis in the lung. C1 [Ghio, Andrew J.] Human Studies Facil, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Yang, Funmei; Nguyen, Ngoc-Bich; Callaghan, Kimberly D.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Haile, David J.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Stonehuerner, Jacqueline G.; Richards, Judy H.; Ghio, Andrew J.] Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), Human Studies Facil, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov FU National Institute of Health [R01HL68842, R01DK53079]; Veterans Affair Merit Grant Award; Morrison Trust FX This work was supported by National Institute of Health R01HL68842 and R01DK53079, a Veterans Affair Merit Grant Award, and a Morrison Trust research grant. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0966-0844 J9 BIOMETALS JI Biometals PD AUG PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 BP 657 EP 667 DI 10.1007/s10534-010-9326-0 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 627ST UT WOS:000280063700007 PM 20336479 ER PT J AU Vu, KD Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Vu, Khanh Dang Tyagi, Rajeshwar Dayal Valero, Jose R. Surampalli, Rao Y. TI Batch and fed-batch fermentation of Bacillus thuringiensis using starch industry wastewater as fermentation substrate SO BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Starch industry wastewater; Fed-batch culture; Entomotoxicity; Delta-endotoxin ID INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEIN; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN PRODUCTION; CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; ZWITTERMICIN-A; SUBSP KURSTAKI; GROWTH; BIOPESTICIDES; SPORULATION; CEREUS; MEDIA AB Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki biopesticide was produced in batch and fed-batch fermentation modes using starch industry wastewater as sole substrate. Fed-batch fermentation with two intermittent feeds (at 10 and 20 h) during the fermentation of 72 h gave the maximum delta-endotoxin concentration (1,672.6 mg/L) and entomotoxicity (Tx) (18.5 x 10(6) SBU/mL) in fermented broth which were significantly higher than maximum delta-endotoxin concentration (511.0 mg/L) and Tx (15.8 x 10(6) SBU/mL) obtained in batch process. However, fed-batch fermentation with three intermittent feeds (at 10, 20 and 34 h) of the fermentation resulted in the formation of asporogenous variant (Spo-) from 36 h to the end of fermentation (72 h) which resulted in a significant decrease in spore and delta-endotoxin concentration and finally the Tx value. Tx of suspended pellets (27.4 x 10(6) SBU/mL) obtained in fed-batch fermentation with two feeds was the highest value as compared to other cases. C1 [Vu, Khanh Dang; Tyagi, Rajeshwar Dayal; Valero, Jose R.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, Rao Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Rue Courrone, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A4984] FX The authors are sincerely thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant A4984, Canada Research Chair) for financial support. Sincere thanks to Mr. Mathieu Drouin and Mr. Jean-Philippe Chenel for helping us in sampling starch industry wastewater. The views and opinions expressed in this article are strictly those of authors. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-7591 J9 BIOPROC BIOSYST ENG JI Bioprocess. Biosyst. Eng. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 BP 691 EP 700 DI 10.1007/s00449-009-0391-0 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 624PE UT WOS:000279830800005 PM 19888605 ER PT J AU Abbott, BD AF Abbott, Barbara D. TI The Etiology of Cleft Palate: A 50-Year Search for Mechanistic and Molecular Understanding SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cleft palate; palatogenesis; birth defects ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; MEDIAL EDGE EPITHELIUM; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; IN-VITRO DEVELOPMENT; FETAL MOUSE PALATE; SECONDARY PALATE; MICE LACKING; MESENCHYMAL TRANSFORMATION; TISSUE-ISOLATION; EMBRYONIC MICE AB Dates of special, historical significance, such as the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Teratology Society, prompt a desire to pause and look back and contemplate where we began, how far we have come, and consider the future for our scientific endeavors The study of the etiology of cleft palate extends many years into the past and was a subject of interest to many of the founding members of the Teratology Society This research area was intensively pursued and spawned a vast portfolio of published research This article will look back at the state of the science around the time of the founding of the Teratology Society, in the 1950s and 1960s, and track the emergence and pursuit of an interest in an etiology for cleft palate involving failure of palatal fusion. Studies of medial epithelial cell fate and induction of cleft palate by interference with adhesion or fusion span the period from the 1960s to the present time Teratology Society members have been and continue to be key players in cleft palate research In this retrospective article, seminal research published by Teratology Society members will serve as a platform to launch the discussion of the emergence of our current understanding of medial epithelial cell differentiation and fate and the potential for these processes to be targets of teratogenic action Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89.266-274, 2010 Published 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc C1 US EPA, Dev Biol Branch, Toxic Assessment Div,NHEFRL,DBB TAD MD 67, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Abbott, BD (reprint author), US EPA, Dev Biol Branch, Toxic Assessment Div,NHEFRL,DBB TAD MD 67, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 89 IS 4 SI SI BP 266 EP 274 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20252 PG 9 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 641NJ UT WOS:000281133900002 PM 20602452 ER PT J AU Chernoff, N Rogers, JM AF Chernoff, Neil Rogers, John M. TI Hypoxia and the Edema Syndrome: Elucidation of a Mechanism of Teratogenesis SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE hypoxia; Edema Syndrome; teratogenesis ID UTERINE BLOOD-FLOW; FETAL VASCULAR DISRUPTION; PRENATAL COCAINE EXPOSURE; ESTER L-NAME; CHICK EMBRYO; METHYL-ESTER; INDUCED MALFORMATIONS; ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS; ONTOGENETIC CHANGES; FREE-RADICALS AB The elucidation of mechanisms and pathogenesis of birth defects is exceedingly complex Consequently, there are few examples where the etiology of birth defects caused by a specific agent has been well described One such example is the "Edema Syndrome" first described by Casimer Grabowski in the 1960s as a mechanism of hypoxia-induced malformations in the chick embryo The Edema Syndrome comprised a series of events in the embryo starting with osmotic imbalances followed by edema, distention, blisters, hematomas, and hemorrhage in or near developing structures. Malformation or deformation of structures resulted from mechanical disruption or loss of blood supply A similar etiology has since been described by others in a variety of laboratory mammals following treatment with drugs including epinephrine, hydroxyurea, cocaine, phenytoin, and potassium channel-blocking drugs Free radical excess following transient hypoxia may be a common factor in all of these insults Vascular disruption is also associated with a number of birth defects in humans, including limb and digit reduction defects and urogenital defects. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89.300-303, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc (dagger) C1 [Chernoff, Neil; Rogers, John M.] US EPA, Toxic Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rogers, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Toxic Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD-71, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 89 IS 4 SI SI BP 300 EP 303 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20258 PG 4 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 641NJ UT WOS:000281133900006 PM 20593454 ER PT J AU Boedeker, C Hansen, GI AF Boedeker, Christian Hansen, Gayle I. TI Nuclear rDNA sequences of Wittrockiella amphibia (Collins) comb. nov (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) and morphological characterization of the mat-like growth form SO BOTANICA MARINA LA English DT Article DE Cladophora amphibia; ITS rDNA; Pacific; synonymy; Wittrockiella paradoxa ID PARADOXA WILLE CHLOROPHYTA; AEGAGROPILA-LINNAEI; PACIFIC COAST; NORTH-AMERICA; SIPHONOCLADALES; ULVOPHYCEAE; ALGAE AB Cladophora amphibia was found in Yaquina Bay (Oregon, USA) for the first time since the type collection from California in 1903. Vegetative plants were buried in the top centimeter of intertidal mud, partially covered by mats of Rhizoclonium and Chaetomorpha. Cladophora amphibia plants had densely pigmented upright branches penetrating the mud surface and overlying algal mats. Morphological and habitat characteristics of C. amphibia strongly overlap with those of Wittrockiella paradoxa, and molecular sequences of ribosomal genes, including the variable internally transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region, indicate very high genetic similarity between these two taxa. The seven point mutations in the ITS2 DNA sequences are regarded as low intraspecific variation. Since C. amphibia had been described earlier, W. paradoxa becomes a taxonomic synonym of C. amphibia, and the new binomial Wittrockiella amphibia (Collins) comb. nov. is required. As previously reported for W. paradoxa, the studied Pacific plants were "cladophoroid'' in form (upright, branched thalli with cylindrical cells), in contrast to the stunted and poorly branched "rhizoidal'' plants mainly found in Europe. The heterotrichous mode of growth is further characterized. C1 [Boedeker, Christian] Leiden Univ, Netherlands Ctr Biodivers Nat, Sect NHN, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Hansen, Gayle I.] Oregon State Univ, US EPA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Boedeker, C (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Netherlands Ctr Biodivers Nat, Sect NHN, POB 9514, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM boedeker@nhn.leidenuniv.nl NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0006-8055 J9 BOT MAR JI Bot. Marina PD AUG PY 2010 VL 53 IS 4 BP 351 EP 356 DI 10.1515/BOT.2010.040 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 636RT UT WOS:000280758200007 ER PT J AU Kibbey, TCG Chen, LX Sabatini, DA Mills, MA Nietch, C AF Kibbey, Tohren C. G. Chen, Lixia Sabatini, David A. Mills, Marc A. Nietch, Christopher TI Model stream channel testing of a UV-transparent polymer-based passive sampler for ultra-low-cost water screening applications SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Passive samplers; Triclosan; Nonylphenol; Water quality monitoring; Detection methods ID CHEMICAL INTEGRATIVE SAMPLER; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; WASTE-WATER; DECONVOLUTION; POLYETHYLENE; DEVICES AB Passive samplers are increasingly being considered for analyses of waters for screening applications, to monitor for the presence of unwanted chemical compounds. Passive samplers typically work by accumulating and concentrating chemicals from the surrounding water over time, allowing analyses to identify temporally short concentration surges that might be missed by water grab samples, and potentially reducing analysis and sample handling costs, allowing a greater number of sites to be monitored. The work described here tests a recently-developed passive sampling device which was designed to provide an ultra-low-cost screening method for organic chemicals in waters. The device was originally designed for detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals, but has the advantage that it is capable of simultaneously detecting a wide range of other aqueous organic contaminants as well. The device is based on a UV-transparent polymer which is used both to concentrate dissolved chemicals, and as an optical cell for absorbance detection and full-spectrum deconvolution to identify compounds. This paper describes the results of a test of the device conducted at the US EPA Experimental Stream Facility in Milford, Ohio. The test examined detection of triclosan and 4-nonylphenol in model stream channels using two different deployment methods. Results indicate that deployment method can significantly impact measured results due to differences in mass transfer. Passive samplers deployed in vials with permeable membrane septa showed no detection of either compound, likely due to lack of water motion in the vials. In contrast, passive samplers deployed directly in the flow were able to track concentrations of both compounds, and respond to temporal changes in concentration. The results of the work highlight the importance of using internal spiking standards (performance reference compounds) to avoid false non-detection results in passive sampler applications. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kibbey, Tohren C. G.; Chen, Lixia; Sabatini, David A.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Mills, Marc A.; Nietch, Christopher] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kibbey, TCG (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM kibbey@ou.edu RI Mills, Marc/C-3449-2017 OI Mills, Marc/0000-0002-0169-3086 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [R832738] FX The authors thank Donald Brown, Eric Kleiner, Balaji Ramakrishnan, Jackie Tompkins and Nathan Engel for their work conducting the EPA Experimental Stream Facility runs described in this paper. Funding for this work has been provided through the United States Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program, through Grant Number R832738. Although the research described in this article has been funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2010 VL 80 IS 8 BP 908 EP 913 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.06.035 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 638DV UT WOS:000280873200013 PM 20599246 ER PT J AU Zuberi, Z Nobles, M Sebastian, S Dyson, A Lim, SY Breckenridge, R Birnbaumer, L Tinker, A AF Zuberi, Zia Nobles, Muriel Sebastian, Sonia Dyson, Alex Lim, Shiang Y. Breckenridge, Ross Birnbaumer, Lutz Tinker, Andrew TI Absence of the Inhibitory G-Protein G alpha(i2) Predisposes to Ventricular Cardiac Arrhythmia SO CIRCULATION-ARRHYTHMIA AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE G(i); inhibitory G-protein; long QT syndrome; ventricular tachycardia; calcium channel ID HEART-RATE DYNAMICS; LONG QT SYNDROME; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CALCIUM-CHANNEL; ALPHA-SUBUNITS; GENE KNOCKOUT; CA2+ CHANNELS; REPOLARIZATION; FAILURE; TACHYCARDIA AB Background-We explored the role that inhibitory heterotrimeric G-proteins play in ventricular arrhythmia. Methods and Results-Mice with global genetic deletion of G alpha(i2) [G alpha(i2) (-/-)] were studied and found, based on telemetry, to have a prolonged QT interval on surface ECG when awake. In vivo electrophysiology studies revealed that the G alpha(i2) (-/-) mice have a reduced ventricular effective refractory period and a predisposition to ventricular tachycardia when challenged with programmed electrical stimulation. Neither control nor combined global deletion of G alpha(i1) and G alpha(i3) mice showed these abnormalities. There was no evidence for structural heart disease at this time point in the G alpha(i2) (-/-) mice as assessed by cardiac histology and echocardiography. The absence of G alpha(i2) thus leads to a primary electrical abnormality, and we explored the basis for this finding. With patch clamping, single isolated ventricular cells showed that G alpha(i2) (-/-) mice had a prolonged ventricular action potential duration (APD) but steeper action potential shortening as the diastolic interval was reduced in restitution studies. Gene expression studies showed increased expression of L-type Ca-2(+) channel subunits, and patch clamping revealed an increase in these currents in G alpha(i2) (-/-) mice. There were no changes in K+ currents. Conclusions-The absence of inhibitory G-protein signaling mediated through G alpha(i2) is a substrate for ventricular arrhythmias. (Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2010; 3: 391-400.) C1 [Zuberi, Zia; Nobles, Muriel; Sebastian, Sonia; Dyson, Alex; Breckenridge, Ross; Tinker, Andrew] UCL, Dept Med, London WC1E 6JJ, England. [Lim, Shiang Y.] UCL, Hatter Cardiovasc Inst, London WC1E 6JJ, England. [Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Tinker, A (reprint author), UCL, Dept Med, 5 Univ St, London WC1E 6JJ, England. EM a.tinker@ucl.ac.uk RI Lim, Shiang/E-9640-2011 FU Wellcome Trust; Medical Research Council; British Heart Foundation; National Institutes of Health [Z01-ES101643] FX This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, the British Heart Foundation, and the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (project Z01-ES101643 to Dr Birnbaumer). NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1941-3149 J9 CIRC-ARRHYTHMIA ELEC JI Circ.-Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 391 EP 400 DI 10.1161/CIRCEP.109.894329 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 639WI UT WOS:000281006700013 PM 20495013 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Tripping over tipping points/elements SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD AUG PY 2010 VL 12 IS 4 BP 335 EP 339 DI 10.1007/s10098-010-0314-4 PG 5 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 644KV UT WOS:000281377000003 ER PT J AU Bare, JC AF Bare, Jane C. TI Life cycle impact assessment research developments and needs SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT Review DE Life cycle assessment (LCA); Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA); Sustainability metrics; Environmental standards; Impact assessment ID OZONE CREATION POTENTIALS; LAND-USE IMPACTS; DEPENDENT CHARACTERIZATION FACTORS; DECISION-ANALYTIC FRAMEWORK; ASSESSMENT LCA; WESTERN-EUROPE; SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION; NORMALIZATION FIGURES; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS AB Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) developments are explained along with key publications which record discussions which comprised ISO 14042 and SETAC document development, UNEP SETAC Life Cycle Initiative research, and research from public and private research institutions. It is recognized that the short list of impact categories has remained fairly constant, even after extensive discussions. The termination point of impact assessment modeling (e.g., inventory, midpoint, endpoint, damage, single score) has been discussed extensively, and the advantages and disadvantages of these different levels are well published. Early LCIAs were conducted independent of system location, but now site-specificity has been a research topic for many of the local and regional categories (e.g., acidification, eutrophication, and smog formation). In reality, even though many advances have been made in site-specific analysis, the life cycle assessment (LCA) case studies are often limited to their inventory data, and as a result, most LCAs are still site-generic even though the LCIA methodologies exist to allow for site-specific analysis. Pollutant-based impacts have received the most research effort and support in the past, but resource depletion categories (e.g., land use and water use) are now recognized as being highly complex, site-specific, data intensive, and important for contributing toward the sustainability of the planet. Efforts in these categories are still in the neophyte stages and are expected to have the greatest advances in the upcoming years. C1 US EPA, Syst Anal Branch, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Bare, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Syst Anal Branch, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, 26 W MLK Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Bare.jane@epa.gov NR 133 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD AUG PY 2010 VL 12 IS 4 BP 341 EP 351 DI 10.1007/s10098-009-0265-9 PG 11 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 644KV UT WOS:000281377000004 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, G Guyton, K Johns, D Schimek, J Angle, K Sonawane, B AF Ginsberg, Gary Guyton, Kathryn Johns, Douglas Schimek, Jennifer Angle, Kenneth Sonawane, Babasaheb TI Genetic polymorphism in metabolism and host defense enzymes: Implications for human health risk assessment SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Epoxide hydrolase; glucuronosyltransferases; NADPH quinone:oxidoreductase; pharmacodynamics; pharmacokinetics; SNPs; sulfotransferases; XRCC1 ID MICROSOMAL EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; LUNG-CANCER RISK; HUMAN CYTOSOLIC SULFOTRANSFERASES; NAD(P)H QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE; UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE ENZYMES; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; EXCISION-REPAIR PATHWAY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; C802T HIS(268)TYR POLYMORPHISM AB Genetic polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes can have profound influence on enzyme function, with implications for chemical clearance and internal dose. The effects of polymorphisms have been evaluated for certain therapeutic drugs but there has been relatively little investigation with environmental toxicants. Polymorphisms can also affect the function of host defense mechanisms and thus modify the pharmacodynamic response. This review and analysis explores the feasibility of using polymorphism data in human health risk assessment for four enzymes, two involved in conjugation (uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferases [UGTs], sulfotransferases [SULTs]), and two involved in detoxification (microsomal epoxide hydrolase [EPHX1], NADPH quinone oxidoreductase I [NQO1]). This set of evaluations complements our previous analyses with oxidative and conjugating enzymes. Of the numerous UGT and SULT enzymes, the greatest likelihood for polymorphism effect on conjugation function are for SULT1A1 (*2 polymorphism), UGT1A1 (*6, *7, *28 polymorphisms), UGT1A7 (*3 polymorphism), UGT2B15 (*2 polymorphism), and UGT2B17 (null polymorphism). The null polymorphism in NQO1 has the potential to impair host defense. These highlighted polymorphisms are of sufficient frequency to be prioritized for consideration in chemical risk assessments. In contrast, SNPs in EPHX1 are not sufficiently influential or defined for inclusion in risk models. The current analysis is an important first step in bringing the highlighted polymorphisms into a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling framework. C1 [Ginsberg, Gary; Angle, Kenneth] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. [Guyton, Kathryn; Johns, Douglas; Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Schimek, Jennifer] Res Triangle Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Angle, Kenneth] Univ Connecticut, Publ Hlth Program, Farmington, CT USA. RP Ginsberg, G (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, 410 Capitol Ave, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. EM gary.ginsberg@ct.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency [EP09H000423]; State of Connecticut [82975901] FX The manuscript was prepared by the authors during the normal course of their employment as noted on the first page. The work of G.L.G., J.S., and K.A. was additionally supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency via Contract No. EP09H000423 and Cooperative Agreement No. 82975901 with the State of Connecticut. The authors alone have sole responsibility for the writing and content of the manuscript. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the State of Connecticut, or the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 348 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 40 IS 7 BP 575 EP 619 DI 10.3109/10408441003742895 PG 45 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 629JQ UT WOS:000280193400001 PM 20662711 ER PT J AU Baruwati, B Varma, RS AF Baruwati, Babita Varma, Rajender S. TI Synthesis of Monodispersed Tantalum(V) oxide Nanospheres by an Ethylene Glycol Mediated Route SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; NANOPARTICLES; TITANIA; NIOBIUM; SPHERES AB Tantalum(V) oxide (Ta(2)O(5)) nanospheres have been synthesized by a very simple two-step process mediated via the formation of glycolate nanoparticles and their subsequent hydrolysis at room temperature in an acetone water mixture and calcination at 700 degrees C. The synthesized particles were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, and DLS for their phase, morphology, and particle size distribution. The particle sizes could be tailored from 50 to 500 nm or more by changing the reaction conditions. The larger particles are actually constituted by crystallites of around 15-16 nm that could be seen from the X-ray diffraction pattern as well as the TEM micrographs of the calcined samples. The particles obtained are highly dispersed under appropriate reaction conditions, and the process does not require any specific equipment or high vacuum technique for the production of the nanoparticles. C1 [Baruwati, Babita; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 W MLK Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 3424 EP 3428 DI 10.1021/cg100123q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 633AM UT WOS:000280471700022 ER PT J AU Hoffman, JC Sutton, TT AF Hoffman, Joel C. Sutton, Tracey T. TI Lipid correction for carbon stable isotope analysis of deep-sea fishes SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE delta(13)C; delta(15)N; Muscle tissue; Normalization; Mass balance ID FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; ANIMAL-TISSUES; DELTA-C-13; EXTRACTION; NITROGEN; FRACTIONATION; DELTA-N-15; MODELS AB Stable isotope analysis of fish tissue can aid studies of deep-sea food webs because sampling difficulties severely limit sample sizes of fish for traditional diet studies. The carbon stable isotope ratio (delta(13)C) is widely used in food web studies, but it must be corrected to remove variability associated with varying lipid content in the tissue. A lipid correction has not been determined for any deep-sea fish. These fishes are ideal for studying lipid correction because lipid content varies widely among species. Our objective was to evaluate an application of a mass balance delta(13)C correction to a taxonomically diverse group of deep-sea fishes by determining the effect of lipid extraction on the stable isotope ratios, examining the quality of the model parameters derived for the mass balance correction, and comparing the correction to published results. We measured the lipid extraction effect on the nitrogen stable isotope ratio (delta(15)N) and delta(13)C of muscle tissue from 30 North Atlantic species. Lipid extraction significantly increased tissue delta(15)N ( +0.66 parts per thousand) and delta(13)C values, but the treatment effect on delta(13)C was dependent on C:N, a proxy for lipid content. We compared the lipid-extracted delta(13)C to the delta(13)C predicted by the mass balance correction using model variables estimated from either all individuals (pooled) or species-by-species or using published values from other species. The correction using the species-by-species approach performed best; however, all three approaches produced corrected values that were generally within 0.5 parts per thousand of the measured lipid-free delta(13)C and that had a small over-all bias ( < 0.5 parts per thousand). We conclude that a generalized mass balance correction works well for correcting delta(13)C in deep-sea fishes, is similar to that developed for other fishes, and recommend caution when applying a generalized correction to fish with high lipid content (C:N > 8). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hoffman, Joel C.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Sutton, Tracey T.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Hoffman, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM Hoffman.Joel@epa.gov; tsutton@vims.edu FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/C512961 /1]; National Science Foundation [OCE 0853761] FX Funding for the RRS James Cook was provided by the Natural Environment Research Council (Grant no. NE/C512961 /1 to I. Priede). Funding to T. Sutton provided by the National Science Foundation (OCE 0853761). Neither funding source was involved in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit this paper for publication. NR 35 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 8 BP 956 EP 964 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.05.003 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 630IW UT WOS:000280267600003 ER PT J AU Ding, YS Rogers, K AF Ding, Yongsheng Rogers, Kim TI Determination of haloacetic acids in water using solid-phase extraction/microchip capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection; Haloacetic acids; Microchip CE; Swimming pool water ID POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE) MICROCHIP ELECTROPHORESIS; AGENT DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DRINKING-WATER; UV DETECTION; DERIVATIVES; SEPARATION AB Haloacetic acids (HAAs) were determined by a fast and simple analysis method based on microchip electrophoresis and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C(4)D). Two chlorinated acetic acids, dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and TCA were detected in swimming pool water. Different BGEs were tested, and sodium carbonate was selected as BGE for the separation and detection in the reported experiments. Additionally, pH values and concentrations of carbonate buffer were optimized. The response times for the two analytes were less than 3 min; the lowest detected concentrations for TCA and DCAA after extraction and cleanup were 38 and 62 mu g/L and the RSDs for the migration times were 1.9 and 2.2%. TCA and DCAA were identified swimming pool water samples at concentrations ranging from 391 to 1058 mu g/L. In combination with a SPE-based concentration and cleanup procedure, this miniaturized system shows the potential for development as an on-site monitoring method for chlorinated acetic acids found in swimming pool water or other suspected water systems. C1 [Ding, Yongsheng; Rogers, Kim] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab LV, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Rogers, K (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab LV, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM rogers.kim@epa.gov FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD); National Research Council FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), has funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Y. D. gratefully acknowledges a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Exposure Research Laboratory, Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, Las Vegas, NV, USA. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD AUG PY 2010 VL 31 IS 15 SI SI BP 2602 EP 2607 DI 10.1002/elps.200900496 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 641FO UT WOS:000281110400017 PM 20665918 ER PT J AU Thompson, J Lorber, M Toms, LML Kato, K Calafat, AM Mueller, JF AF Thompson, Jack Lorber, Matthew Toms, Leisa-Maree L. Kato, Kayoko Calafat, Antonia M. Mueller, Jochen F. TI Use of simple pharmacokinetic modeling to characterize exposure of Australians to perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (vol 36, pg 390, 2010) SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Thompson, Jack; Toms, Leisa-Maree L.; Mueller, Jochen F.] Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. [Lorber, Matthew] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Kato, Kayoko; Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Thompson, J (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. EM jthompson@entox.uq.edu.au RI Thompson, Jack/A-8825-2011; Toms, Leisa-Maree/C-9530-2009 OI Toms, Leisa-Maree/0000-0002-1444-1638 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 36 IS 6 BP 647 EP 648 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2010.05.008 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 621SF UT WOS:000279602200018 ER PT J AU DeMarini, DM AF DeMarini, D. M. TI Is Tobacco Smoke a Germ-Cell Mutagen? SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [DeMarini, D. M.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 687 EP 687 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600013 ER PT J AU Sram, RJ Otlo, D Hudnell, HK House, D Skalik, I AF Sram, R. J. Otlo, D. Hudnell, H. K. House, D. Skalik, I TI Impact of Air Pollutants in the Czech Republic on Childrens' Health Outcomes SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [Sram, R. J.] Inst Expt Med AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic. [Otlo, D.; Hudnell, H. K.; House, D.] US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Skalik, I] Reg Inst Hyg Cent Bohemia, Prague, Czech Republic. RI Sram, Radim/H-2455-2014 OI Sram, Radim/0000-0003-4256-3816 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 693 EP 693 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600037 ER PT J AU Stumpf, JD Bailey, CM Spell, D Stillwagon, M Anderson, KS Copeland, WC AF Stumpf, J. D. Bailey, C. M. Spell, D. Stillwagon, M. Anderson, K. S. Copeland, W. C. TI Evidence that mtDNA Depletion but Not Point Mutations or Deletions Causes DNA Polymerase Gamma-Related Mitochondrial Diseases SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [Stumpf, J. D.; Spell, D.; Stillwagon, M.; Copeland, W. C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Bailey, C. M.; Anderson, K. S.] Yale Univ, Dept Pharmacol, New Haven, CT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 695 EP 695 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600046 ER PT J AU Simmons, SO AF Simmons, S. O. TI Systems Biology Approach for Understanding MOA, Dose-Response and Susceptibility to Environmental Chemicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [Simmons, S. O.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 696 EP 696 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600050 ER PT J AU Prasad, RY Tennant, AH Kligerman, AD Blackman, CF DeMarini, DM AF Prasad, R. Y. Tennant, A. H. Kligerman, A. D. Blackman, C. F. DeMarini, D. M. TI The Genotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide and Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [Prasad, R. Y.; Tennant, A. H.; Kligerman, A. D.; Blackman, C. F.; DeMarini, D. M.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 708 EP 708 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600097 ER PT J AU Kligerman, AD Tennant, AH Muniz, OJG AF Kligerman, A. D. Tennant, A. H. Muniz, Ortiz J. G. TI Do Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Protect Cells from DNA Damage Induced by Active Arsenicals? SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [Kligerman, A. D.; Tennant, A. H.; Muniz, Ortiz J. G.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 711 EP 711 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600109 ER PT J AU Cline, SD Marnett, LJ Copeland, WC AF Cline, S. D. Marnett, L. J. Copeland, W. C. TI Disruption of Human Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase y Replication by the Endogenous Aldehyde Adduct of DNA, M(1)dG SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [Cline, S. D.] Mercer Univ, Sch Med, Macon, GA 31207 USA. [Marnett, L. J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Copeland, W. C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 717 EP 717 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600132 ER PT J AU Swartz, CD Lentz, CA Green, AS Prajapati, MH Recio, L Witt, KL AF Swartz, C. D. Lentz, C. A. Green, A. S. Prajapati, M. H. Recio, L. Witt, K. L. TI Mutagenicity of Three Herbal Products, Pulegone, Senna, and Milk Thistle Extract, in the Ames Salmonella Mutagenicity Assay SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [Swartz, C. D.; Lentz, C. A.; Green, A. S.; Prajapati, M. H.; Recio, L.] Integrated Syst Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Witt, K. L.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 718 EP 718 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600137 ER PT J AU Osiol, JL Duirk, JS Ternes, TA Richardson, SD Wagner, ED Plewa, MJ AF Osiol, J. L. Duirk, J. S. Ternes, T. A. Richardson, S. D. Wagner, E. D. Plewa, M. J. TI Genotoxicity of X-Ray Contrast Agent-Contaminated Water after Disinfection SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [Osiol, J. L.; Wagner, E. D.; Plewa, M. J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Duirk, J. S.; Richardson, S. D.] US EPA, Athens, GA USA. [Ternes, T. A.] Fed Inst Hydrol, Koblenz, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 725 EP 725 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600166 ER PT J AU Jeong, CH Richardson, SD Marinas, BJ Wagner, ED Plewa, MJ AF Jeong, C. H. Richardson, S. D. Marinas, B. J. Wagner, E. D. Plewa, M. J. TI Mammalian Cell Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Haloacetaldehyde Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [Jeong, C. H.; Marinas, B. J.; Wagner, E. D.; Plewa, M. J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Richardson, S. D.] US EPA, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 726 EP 726 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600167 ER PT J AU Sanders, AP Gallagher, JE McGee, J Rhoney, S Hudgens, E Fry, RC AF Sanders, A. P. Gallagher, J. E. McGee, J. Rhoney, S. Hudgens, E. Fry, R. C. TI Identifying Concomitant Metals in Dust, Urine, and Fingernails from Children in Detroit, Michigan SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [Sanders, A. P.; Fry, R. C.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Gallagher, J. E.; McGee, J.; Rhoney, S.; Hudgens, E.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 736 EP 736 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600210 ER PT J AU Dennis, R Fox, T Fuentes, M Gilliland, A Hanna, S Hogrefe, C Irwin, J Rao, ST Scheffe, R Schere, K Steyn, D Venkatram, A AF Dennis, Robin Fox, Tyler Fuentes, Montse Gilliland, Alice Hanna, Steven Hogrefe, Christian Irwin, John Rao, S. Trivikrama Scheffe, Richard Schere, Kenneth Steyn, Douw Venkatram, Akula TI A framework for evaluating regional-scale numerical photochemical modeling systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Air quality model; Photochemical model; Model evaluation; Performance evaluation ID COMMUNITY-MULTISCALE-AIR; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; QUALITY MODEL; PART II; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; PARTICULATE MATTER; OZONE LEVELS; VERSION 4.5; ENSEMBLE; SIMULATIONS AB This paper discusses the need for critically evaluating regional-scale (similar to 200-2,000 km) three-dimensional numerical photochemical air quality modeling systems to establish a model's credibility in simulating the spatio-temporal features embedded in the observations. Because of limitations of currently used approaches for evaluating regional air quality models, a framework for model evaluation is introduced here for determining the suitability of a modeling system for a given application, distinguishing the performance between different models through confidence-testing of model results, guiding model development and analyzing the impacts of regulatory policy options. The framework identifies operational, diagnostic, dynamic, and probabilistic types of model evaluation. Operational evaluation techniques include statistical and graphical analyses aimed at determining whether model estimates are in agreement with the observations in an overall sense. Diagnostic evaluation focuses on process-oriented analyses to determine whether the individual processes and components of the model system are working correctly, both independently and in combination. Dynamic evaluation assesses the ability of the air quality model to simulate changes in air quality stemming from changes in source emissions and/or meteorology, the principal forces that drive the air quality model. Probabilistic evaluation attempts to assess the confidence that can be placed in model predictions using techniques such as ensemble modeling and Bayesian model averaging. The advantages of these types of model evaluation approaches are discussed in this paper. C1 [Dennis, Robin; Gilliland, Alice; Rao, S. Trivikrama; Schere, Kenneth] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Fox, Tyler; Scheffe, Richard] US EPA, Air Qual Assessment Div, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Fuentes, Montse] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hanna, Steven] Hanna Consultants, Kennebunkport, ME 04046 USA. [Hogrefe, Christian] Bur Air Qual Anal & Res, NYS Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY 12233 USA. [Irwin, John] John S Irwin & Associates, Raleigh, NC 27615 USA. [Steyn, Douw] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Venkatram, Akula] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Rao, ST (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rao.st@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES014843, R01 ES014843-01A2] NR 62 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-7419 EI 1573-1510 J9 ENVIRON FLUID MECH JI Environ. Fluid Mech. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 471 EP 489 DI 10.1007/s10652-009-9163-2 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA 617PR UT WOS:000279293800004 PM 21461126 ER PT J AU Xue, JP Zartarian, V Liu, SV Wang, SW Georgopoulos, P AF Xue, Jianping Zartarian, Valerie Liu, Shi V. Wang, Sheng-Wei Georgopoulos, Panos TI Dietary Arsenic Exposure: Xue et al. Respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter C1 [Xue, Jianping; Zartarian, Valerie; Liu, Shi V.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wang, Sheng-Wei] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Environm Hlth, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Georgopoulos, Panos] Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ USA. RP Xue, JP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM xue.jianping@epa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 118 IS 8 BP A332 EP A332 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002328R PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 634LR UT WOS:000280583500006 ER PT J AU Anderson, RH Kravitz, MJ AF Anderson, Richard Hunter Kravitz, Michael J. TI Evaluation of geochemical associations as a screening tool for identifying anthropogenic trace metal contamination SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Geochemical associations; Metal ratios; ANCOVA; Soil orders; Cluster analysis ID SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION; CLAY-MINERALS; SOILS; ELEMENTS; SPAIN; BASIN; DISTRIBUTIONS; GROUNDWATERS; SEDIMENTS; MANGANESE AB Geochemical association plots are used as a screening tool for environmental site assessments and use empirical log-log relationships between total trace metal concentrations and concentrations of a major (i.e., reference) soil metal constituent, such as iron (Fe), to discern sites with naturally elevated trace metal levels from sites with anthropogenic contamination. Log-log relationships have been consistently observed between trace metal and reference metal concentrations and are often considered constant. Consequently, we used a regional geochemistry data set to evaluate background trace metal/Fe log-log associations across soils with highly diverse composition. Our results indicate that, although geochemical associations may be proportional, they significantly differ across predominant United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) soil orders. This suggests that highly complex interactions between soil-forming factors and variable secondary clay mineral composition affect the ratio of trace metals to Fe concentrations in soils. Also, intra-order variability in trace metal/Fe ratios generally ranged multiple orders of magnitude which suggest that the order level of the USDA soil taxonomic system is insufficient to reasonably classify background trace metal concentrations. Consequently, geochemical association plots are a useful screening tool for environmental site assessments, but ubiquitous application of generic background metal data sets could result in erroneous conclusions. Because significantly different ratios were observed across predominant USDA soil orders, an agglomerative clustering technique was used to elucidate hierarchical patterns of association. We present these results as a mechanism to aid environmental assessors in screening candidate background metal data sets for their applicability to site-specific soil composition; although site-specific background metal data should be utilized if ample pristine reference sites with similar (i.e., sub-order) soil composition can be identified and sampled. C1 [Anderson, Richard Hunter; Kravitz, Michael J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Anderson, RH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King MS A-110, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM anderson.hunter@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA); US Department of Energy; USEPA FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and USEPA. We especially thank Michael Griffith and an anonymous reviewer for their comments, which markedly improved the manuscript. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 167 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 631 EP 641 DI 10.1007/s10661-009-1079-2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 622RM UT WOS:000279683100053 PM 19597951 ER PT J AU Andersen, CP Ritter, W Gregg, J Matyssek, R Grams, TEE AF Andersen, Christian P. Ritter, Wilma Gregg, Jillian Matyssek, Rainer Grams, Thorsten E. E. TI Below-ground carbon allocation in mature beech and spruce trees following long-term, experimentally enhanced O-3 exposure in Southern Germany SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Carbon allocation; Soil-respired CO2; Ozone; delta(CO2)-C-13; Fagus sylvatica; Picea abies ID FAGUS-SYLVATICA L.; RECENTLY ASSIMILATED CARBON; HIGH TEMPORAL RESOLUTION; SOIL RESPIRATION; ADULT BEECH; STOMATAL RESPONSES; DECIDUOUS FOREST; MIXED FOREST; ELEVATED CO2; OZONE AB Canopies of adult European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) were labeled with CO2 depleted in C-13 to evaluate carbon allocation belowground. One-half the trees were exposed to elevated O-3 for 6 yrs prior to and during the experiment. Soil-gas sampling wells were placed at 8 and 15 cm and soil CO2 was sampled during labeling in mid-late August, 2006. In beech, delta(CO2)-C-13 at both depths decreased approximately 50 h after labeling, reflecting rapid translocation of fixed C to roots and release through respiration. In spruce, label was detected in fine-root tissue, but there was no evidence of label in delta(CO2)-C-13. The results show that C fixed in the canopy rapidly reaches respiratory pools in beech roots, and suggest that spruce may allocate very little of recently-fixed carbon into root respiration during late summer. A change in carbon allocation belowground due to long-term O-3 exposure was not observed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Andersen, Christian P.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Ritter, Wilma; Matyssek, Rainer; Grams, Thorsten E. E.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol & Ecosyst Management, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Gregg, Jillian] Terr Ecosyst Res Associates, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Andersen, CP (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Andersen.christian@epa.gov FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SFB 607]; Technische Universitat Munchen; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The senior author gratefully acknowledges support from SFB 607 "Growth and Parasite Defense - Competition for Resources in Economic Plants from Agronomy and Forestry" funded through Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the Technische Universitat Munchen. The authors also wish to thank Dr. Mark Johnson of the EPA for supplying the sampling wells employed in the experiment. The information in this article has been partially funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 158 IS 8 BP 2604 EP 2609 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.05.008 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 634HM UT WOS:000280571500013 PM 20641169 ER PT J AU Thurston, HW Taylor, MA Shuster, WD Roy, AH Morrison, MA AF Thurston, Hale W. Taylor, Michael A. Shuster, William D. Roy, Allison H. Morrison, Matthew A. TI Using a reverse auction to promote household level stormwater control SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Article DE Procurement auction; Stormwater; Low impact development ID WATER RUNOFF; URBAN; MANAGEMENT AB Phase II of the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) stormwater regulations requires communities smaller than 100 000 residents to meet new criteria for stormwater runoff reduction. In many cases these smaller communities have no established stormwater utility, and are investigating alternatives for complying with these new, sometimes expensive requirements. We note that it might be cost effective for some communities to encourage homeowners to control stormwater runoff at the parcel level instead of, or in conjunction with more traditional large, infrastructural best management practices (BMP). We go onto argue that in the absence of a strict regulatory cap, an auction is a cost-effective tool for implementing controls on stormwater runoff quantity at the parcel level. In this paper, we test the effectiveness of a procurement auction as the coordinating mechanism for encouraging installation of parcel-scale rain gardens and rain barrels within a small suburban watershed in the Midwest. The auction, which was conducted in spring 2007 and 2008, resulted in installation of 81 gardens and 165 barrels on 107 of the 350 eligible properties. Average cost per liter of runoff detention in both years was $0.36 for gardens and $0.59 for barrels. Interestingly, approximately 55% of the bids were for $0, suggesting that an educational campaign may result in substantial runoff mitigation if utilities paid for the installation of stormwater management practices. However, we found that an auction promoted more participation than education alone and at a cheaper per-unit control cost than a flat stormwater control payment plan. Overall, this study demonstrates that relatively minimal financial incentives can result in homeowners' willingness-to-accept stormwater management practices on their property, thus opening an important avenue for retrofitting watersheds that are largely in private ownership. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Thurston, Hale W.; Shuster, William D.; Morrison, Matthew A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Taylor, Michael A.] Seton Hall Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Environm Studies Program, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. [Roy, Allison H.] Kutztown State Univ, Dept Biol, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. RP Thurston, HW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26W Martin Luther King Dr,Mail Stop 499, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Thurston.Hale@epa.gov NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PD AUG PY 2010 VL 13 IS 5 BP 405 EP 414 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2010.03.008 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 633XK UT WOS:000280540300007 ER PT J AU Kinney, PL Roman, HA Walker, KD Richmond, HM Conner, L Hubbell, BJ AF Kinney, P. L. Roman, H. A. Walker, K. D. Richmond, H. M. Conner, L. Hubbell, B. J. TI On the use of expert judgment to characterize uncertainties in the health benefits of regulatory controls of particulate matter SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Review DE Particulate matter; Mortality; Expert judgment; Uncertainty; Benefits analysis ID AIR-POLLUTION; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; RISK ASSESSMENT; CANCER RISK; MORTALITY; CITIES AB Health benefits assessment is an analytic tool used extensively by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in characterizing the costs and benefits of air quality regulations. In a 2002 review of EPA methods, the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) called on EPA to more fully account for and communicate uncertainties in estimates of the health benefits of air pollution regulations. In particular, the NRC recommended that EPA use expert judgment to quantify uncertainties in cases where empirical estimates are lacking. In response, EPA developed and carried out an expert elicitation (EE) study to quantify uncertainties in the effects of fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) on mortality in the U.S. This work has yielded new estimates of the uncertainty distribution of a key relationship - the concentration-response (C-R) function - used around the world in benefits analyses for air quality regulations. This paper discusses the ways in which the EE results have informed and influenced recent regulatory impact analyses (RIAs) carried out by EPA to characterize and communicate the health benefits of regulations affecting ambient PM(2.5) concentrations. Given the growing importance of PM benefits analysis across the globe, recent developments pioneered by EPA could have widespread relevance. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kinney, P. L.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Roman, H. A.] Ind Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Walker, K. D.] Hlth Effects Inst, Boston, MA 02110 USA. [Richmond, H. M.; Hubbell, B. J.] US EPA, Hlth & Environm Impacts Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Conner, L.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Air Benefits & Cost Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kinney, PL (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 60 Haven Ave,B-1, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM plk3@columbia.edu RI Kinney, Patrick/H-7914-2012 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PD AUG PY 2010 VL 13 IS 5 BP 434 EP 443 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2010.05.002 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 633XK UT WOS:000280540300010 ER PT J AU Kargbo, DM Wilhelm, RG Campbell, DJ AF Kargbo, David M. Wilhelm, Ron G. Campbell, David J. TI Natural Gas Plays in the Marcellus Shale: Challenges and Potential Opportunities SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Kargbo, David M.] US EPA, Off Environm Innovat, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Kargbo, David M.] Temple Univ, Coll Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Wilhelm, Ron G.] US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Off, Ctr Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Campbell, David J.] US EPA, Environm Assessment & Innovat Div, Off Environm Innovat, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Kargbo, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Environm Innovat, Philadelphia, PA USA. EM kargbo.david@epa.gov NR 33 TC 234 Z9 240 U1 15 U2 243 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 15 BP 5679 EP 5684 DI 10.1021/es903811p PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 631SD UT WOS:000280367200003 PM 20518558 ER PT J AU Judson, RS Martin, MT Reif, DM Houck, KA Knudsen, TB Rotroff, DM Xia, MH Sakamuru, S Huang, RL Shinn, P Austin, CP Kavlock, RJ Dix, DJ AF Judson, Richard S. Martin, Matthew T. Reif, David M. Houck, Keith A. Knudsen, Thomas B. Rotroff, Daniel M. Xia, Menghang Sakamuru, Srilatha Huang, Ruili Shinn, Paul Austin, Christopher P. Kavlock, Robert J. Dix, David J. TI Analysis of Eight Oil Spill Dispersants Using Rapid, In Vitro Tests for Endocrine and Other Biological Activity SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL LIBRARIES; HUMAN RELEVANCE; PPAR; ALPHA; HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; CARCINOGENICITY; NONYLPHENOL; PROGRAM; ASSAYS; VIVO AB The Deepwater Horizon oil spill has led to the use of >1 M gallons of oil spill dispersants, which are mixtures of surfactants and solvents. Because of this large scale use there is a critical need to understand the potential for toxicity of the currently used dispersant and potential alternatives, especially given the limited toxicity testing information that is available. In particular, some dispersants contain nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs), which can degrade to nonylphenol (NP), a known endocrine disruptor. Given the urgent need to generate toxicity data, we carried out a series of in vitro high-throughput assays on eight commercial dispersants. These assays focused on the estrogen and androgen receptors (ER and AR), but also included a larger battery of assays probing other biological pathways. Cytotoxicity in mammalian cells was also quantified. No activity was seen in any AR assay. Two dispersants showed a weak ER signal in one assay (EC50 of 16 ppm for Nokomis 3-F4 and 25 ppm for ZI-400). NPs and NPEs also had a weak signal in this same ER assay. Note that Corexit 9500, the currently used product, does not contain NPEs and did not show any ER activity. Cytotoxicity values for six of the dispersants were statistically indistinguishable, with median LC50 values similar to 100 ppm. Two dispersants, JD 2000 and SAF-RON GOLD, were significantly less cytotoxic than the others with LC50 values approaching or exceeding 1000 ppm. C1 [Judson, Richard S.; Martin, Matthew T.; Reif, David M.; Houck, Keith A.; Knudsen, Thomas B.; Rotroff, Daniel M.; Kavlock, Robert J.; Dix, David J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Xia, Menghang; Sakamuru, Srilatha; Huang, Ruili; Shinn, Paul; Austin, Christopher P.] NIH, Chem Genom Ctr, US Dept HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Judson, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM judson.richard@epa.gov RI Martin, Matthew/A-1982-2013; OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-8096-9908; Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633; Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767 FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA HG200319-06] NR 29 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 15 BP 5979 EP 5985 DI 10.1021/es102150z PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 631SD UT WOS:000280367200051 PM 20602530 ER PT J AU Nichols, JW Bennett, RS Rossmann, R French, JB Sappington, KG AF Nichols, John W. Bennett, Richard S. Rossmann, Ronald French, John B. Sappington, Keith G. TI A PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED TOXICOKINETIC MODEL FOR METHYLMERCURY IN FEMALE AMERICAN KESTRELS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Physiologically based model; Methylmercury; American kestrel ID GAVIA-IMMER CHICKS; LAKES-INFLUENCED SECTIONS; BREEDING COMMON LOONS; 3 MICHIGAN RIVERS; METHYL MERCURY; DOSE-RESPONSE; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; BILIARY-EXCRETION; SEABIRD FEATHERS; CHEMICAL FORM AB A physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model was developed to describe the uptake, distribution, and elimination of methylmercury (CH(3)Hg) in female American kestrels. The model consists of six tissue compartments corresponding to the brain, liver, kidney, gut, red blood cells, and remaining carcass. Additional compartments describe the elimination of CH(3)Hg to eggs and growing feathers. Dietary uptake of CH(3)Hg was modeled as a diffusion-limited process, and the distribution of CH(3)Hg among compartments was assumed to be mediated by the flow of blood plasma. To the extent possible, model parameters were developed using information from American kestrels. Additional parameters were based on measured values for closely related species and allometric relationships for birds. The model was calibrated using data from dietary dosing studies with American kestrels. Good agreement between model simulations and measured CH(3)Hg concentrations in blood and tissues during the loading phase of these studies was obtained by fitting model parameters that control dietary uptake of CH(3)Hg and possible hepatic demethylation. Modeled results tended to underestimate the observed effect of egg production on circulating levels of CH(3)Hg. In general, however, simulations were consistent with observed patterns of CH(3)Hg uptake and elimination in birds, including the dominant role of feather molt. This model could be used to extrapolate CH(3)Hg kinetics from American kestrels to other bird species by appropriate reassignment of parameter values. Alternatively, when combined with a bioenergetics-based description, the model could be used to simulate CH(3)Hg kinetics in a long-term environmental exposure. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1854-1867. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Nichols, John W.; Bennett, Richard S.; Rossmann, Ronald] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, MidContinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [French, John B.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sappington, Keith G.] US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Toxic Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Nichols, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, MidContinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM nichols.john@epa.gov NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 25 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1854 EP 1867 DI 10.1002/etc.241 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 633EB UT WOS:000280481200027 PM 20821642 ER PT J AU Pouyat, RV Weathers, KC Hauber, R Lovett, GM Bartuska, A Christenson, L Davis, JLD Findlay, SEG Menninger, H Rosi-Marshall, E Stine, P Lymn, N AF Pouyat, Richard V. Weathers, Kathleen C. Hauber, Rick Lovett, Gary M. Bartuska, Ann Christenson, Lynn Davis, Jana L. D. Findlay, Stuart E. G. Menninger, Holly Rosi-Marshall, Emma Stine, Peter Lymn, Nadine TI The role of federal agencies in the application of scientific knowledge SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SCIENCE; POLICY; MANAGEMENT; UNCERTAINTY; NORTHWEST AB Environmental and ecological research has long been characterized as operating along a continuum, with "basic" - representing "investigator-initiated" research - at one end and "applied" - representing " mission-initiated" research - at the other. While federal agency science programs ideally occupy points along this continuum, the resulting science has not always been relevant to solving environmental problems. Here, we suggest that environmental problem-solving by federal agencies has been less effective than it might have been, because of a need for more effective, long-term strategic planning, cooperation across agencies, and incentives for scientists to participate in policy development and implementation. We make suggestions about what federal agencies can do to improve the integration of science, policy, and natural resource management. First, we refer to agency examples, using regulatory (acid deposition) and land management (national forest) issues to illustrate how environmental research intersects with policy development and its implementation. Second, we discuss the barriers that inhibit the application of scientific knowledge in developing and implementing policy - from the perspective of a federal agency and of an individual scientist. Finally, we generate a series of specific recommendations, targeted at federal agencies, individual scientists, and decision makers. C1 [Pouyat, Richard V.] US Forest Serv, Res & Dev, Rosslyn, VA USA. [Weathers, Kathleen C.; Lovett, Gary M.; Findlay, Stuart E. G.; Rosi-Marshall, Emma] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. [Hauber, Rick] US EPA, Clean Air Markets Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Bartuska, Ann] US Forest Serv, Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Christenson, Lynn] Vassar Coll, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601 USA. [Davis, Jana L. D.] Chesapeake Bay Trust, Annapolis, MD USA. [Menninger, Holly] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Stine, Peter] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA USA. [Lymn, Nadine] ESA, Washington, DC USA. RP Pouyat, RV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Res & Dev, Rosslyn, VA USA. EM rpouyat@fs.fed.us RI Lovett, Gary/H-3800-2013; OI Lovett, Gary/0000-0002-8411-8027 FU NSF [DEB-0840224, 0949558]; USDA Forest Service [09-DG-11132650-083]; US EPA [EP09H000638]; USDA Agricultural and Food Research Initiative [2009-02609, 2009-04469] FX The 2009 Cary Conference was supported by grants from the NSF (grant #DEB-0840224 and #0949558), the USDA Forest Service (grant #09-DG-11132650-083), the US EPA (grant #EP09H000638), and the USDA Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Program (grants #2009-02609 and #2009-04469). We thank D Goldston and R Gropp for their contributions to ideas presented in this manuscript and A Elliott for help with graphics. The views expressed do not in any way reflect the views of the USDA Forest Service and the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 8 IS 6 BP 322 EP 328 DI 10.1890/090180 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 638DI UT WOS:000280871100007 ER PT J AU Connors, KA Korte, JJ Anderson, GW Degitz, SJ AF Connors, Kristin A. Korte, Joseph J. Anderson, Grant W. Degitz, Sigmund J. TI Characterization of thyroid hormone transporter expression during tissue-specific metamorphic events in Xenopus tropicalis SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Thyroid hormone transport; Metamorphosis; Amphibians ID ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER; III IODOTHYRONINE 5-DEIODINASE; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; GENE-EXPRESSION; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; LAEVIS METAMORPHOSIS; TAIL RESORPTION; CELLULAR UPTAKE; IDENTIFICATION; DEIODINASE AB Thyroid hormone (TH) induces the dramatic morphological and physiological changes that together comprise amphibian metamorphosis. TH-responsive tissues vary widely with developmental timing of TH-induced changes. How larval tadpole tissues are able to employ distinct metamorphic programs in a developmental stage- and TH-dependent manner is still unknown. Recently, several proteins capable of transporting TH have been identified. TH action and metabolism occurs primarily intracellularly, highlighting the importance of TH transporters. We examined the hypothesis that TH transporter expression and tissue distribution play an important role in mediating TH-induced metamorphic events. Xenopus tropicalis homologs for known TH transporting OATP, MCT and LAT family proteins were identified and gene specific qRT-PCR primers were developed. Total RNA was extracted from tissues representing three unique developmental fates including: growth/differentiation (hind limb), death/resorption (gill, tail) and remodeling (brain, liver, kidney). For growing and resorbing tissues, results showed the general trend of low initial expression levels of MCT8 and MCT10 transporters, followed by a several-fold increase of expression as the tissue undergoes TH-dependent metamorphic changes. The expression pattern in remodeling tissues was less uniform: a general decrease in transporter expression was observed in the liver, while the kidney and brain exhibited a range of expression patterns for several TH transporters. Collectively, these developmental expression patterns are consistent with TH transporting proteins playing a role in the effects of TH in peripheral tissues. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Connors, Kristin A.; Korte, Joseph J.; Degitz, Sigmund J.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Heath & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Anderson, Grant W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Pharmacol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Degitz, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Heath & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM degitz.sigmund@epa.gov OI Connors, Kristin/0000-0002-4887-8408 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 168 IS 1 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.04.015 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 617TU UT WOS:000279305600018 PM 20417208 ER PT J AU Antonini, JM Roberts, JR Chapman, RS Soukup, JM Ghio, AJ Sriram, K AF Antonini, James M. Roberts, Jenny R. Chapman, Rebecca S. Soukup, Joleen M. Ghio, Andrew J. Sriram, Krishnan TI Pulmonary toxicity and extrapulmonary tissue distribution of metals after repeated exposure to different welding fumes SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biodistribution; brain; chromium; lung clearance; manganese; pulmonary toxicity; welding fume ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; LUNG DEFENSE RESPONSES; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; MANGANESE DISTRIBUTION; PARTICLE SOLUBILITY; BACTERIAL-INFECTION; CHROMIUM; INFLAMMATION; INHALATION AB Welders are exposed to fumes with different metal profiles. The goals of this study were to compare lung responses in rats after treatment with chemically different welding fumes and to examine the extrapulmonary fate of metals after deposition in the lungs. Rats were treated by intratracheal instillation (0.5 mg/rat, once a week for 7 weeks) with gas metal arc-mild steel (GMAW-MS) or manual metal arc-hardsurfacing (MMAW-HS) welding fumes. Controls were treated with saline. At 1, 4, 35, and 105 days after the last treatment, lung injury and inflammation were measured, and elemental analysis of different organs was determined to assess metal clearance. The MMAW-HS fume was highly water-soluble and chemically more complex with higher levels of soluble Mn and Cr compared to the GMAW-MS fume. Treatments with the GMAW-MS fume had no effect on toxicity when compared with controls. The MMAW-HS fume induced significant lung damage early after treatment that remained elevated until 35 days. Metals associated with each fume sample was cleared at different rates from the lungs. Mn was cleared from the lungs at a faster rate and to a greater extent compared to the other metals over the 105-day recovery period. Mn and Cr in the MMAW-HS fume translocated from the respiratory tract and deposited in other organs. Importantly, increased deposition of Mn, but not other metals, was observed in discrete brain regions, including dopamine-rich areas (e.g., striatum and midbrain). C1 [Antonini, James M.; Roberts, Jenny R.; Chapman, Rebecca S.; Sriram, Krishnan] NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Soukup, Joleen M.; Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Antonini, JM (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mailstop 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jga6@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 22 IS 10 BP 805 EP 816 DI 10.3109/08958371003621641 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 660FJ UT WOS:000282625200002 PM 20560776 ER PT J AU Huang, YCT Schmitt, M Yang, ZH Que, LG Stewart, JC Frampton, MW Devlin, RB AF Huang, Yuh-Chin T. Schmitt, Michael Yang, Zhonghui Que, Loretta G. Stewart, Judith C. Frampton, Mark W. Devlin, Robert B. TI Gene expression profile in circulating mononuclear cells after exposure to ultrafine carbon particles SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gene expression; glucose metabolism; microarray; oxidative stress; particulate matter; ultrafine particles ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; INFLAMMATION; HEALTH; INHALATION; TRANSLOCATION; ASSOCIATIONS; MORTALITY; PASSAGE; OBESITY AB Context: Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with systemic health effects, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms are unclear. Objective: We hypothesized that, if circulating mononuclear cells play an important role in mediating systemic effects of PM, they would show gene expression changes following exposure. Materials and methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected before (0 h) and at 24 h from healthy subjects exposed to filtered air (FA) and ultrafine carbon particles (UFPs, 50 mu g/m(3)) for 2 h in a previous study (n = 3 each). RNA from mononuclear cell fraction (>85% lymphocytes) was extracted, amplified and hybridized to Affymetrix HU133 plus 2 microarrays. Selected genes were confirmed in five additional subjects from the same study. Results: We identified 1713 genes (UFP 24 h vs. FA 0 and 24 h, P < 0.05, false discovery rate of 0.01). The top 10 upregulated genes (fold) were CDKN1C (1.86), ZNF12 (1.83), SRGAP2 (1.82), FYB (1.79), LSM14B (1.79), CD93 (1.76), NCSTN (1.70), DUSP6 (1.69), TACC1 (1.68), and H2AFY (1.68). Upregulation of CDKN1C and SRGAP2 was confirmed by real-time-PCR. We entered 1020 genes with a ratio >1.1 or <-1.1 into the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and identified pathways related to inflammation, tissue growth and host defense against environmental insults, such as, insulin growth factor 1 signaling, insulin receptor signaling and NF-E2-related factor-2-mediated oxidative stress response pathway. Discussion and conclusions: Two-hour exposures to UFP produced gene expression changes in circulating mononuclear cells. These gene changes provide biologically plausible links to PM-induced systemic health effects, especially those in the cardiovascular system and glucose metabolism. C1 [Huang, Yuh-Chin T.; Yang, Zhonghui; Que, Loretta G.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Schmitt, Michael; Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, Div Environm & Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Stewart, Judith C.; Frampton, Mark W.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr Rochester, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. RP Huang, YCT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, 330 Trent Dr,Hanes House,Room 105-B, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM huang002@mc.duke.edu FU Health Effects Institute (HEI) [98-19]; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [R826781-01, R827354-01]; National Institutes of Health [RO1 ES011853, RR00044, ES01247]; New York State Energy Research and Development Authority [4913-ERTER-ES-99]; US EPA FX This work was supported by contract 98-19 from the Health Effects Institute (HEI); US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) assistance agreements R826781-01 and R827354-01; grants RO1 ES011853, RR00044, and ES01247 from the National Institutes of Health; and grant 4913-ERTER-ES-99 from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. The genomic research described in this article was supported by the intramural funding of the US EPA. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views of the HEI, nor do they necessarily reflect the policies of the U.S. EPA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 22 IS 10 BP 835 EP 846 DI 10.3109/08958378.2010.486419 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 660FJ UT WOS:000282625200005 PM 20507211 ER PT J AU Tryby, ME Mirghani, BY Mahinthakumar, GK Ranjithan, SR AF Tryby, M. E. Mirghani, B. Y. Mahinthakumar, G. K. Ranjithan, S. R. TI A SOLUTION FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION PROBLEMS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE inverse problems; simulation optimization; performance analysis; evolutionary algorithms; grid computing ID GENETIC ALGORITHMS AB This paper describes experiences developing a grid-enabled framework for solving environmental inverse problems. The solution approach taken here couples environmental simulation models with global search methods and requires readily available computational resources of the grid for computational tractability. The solution framework developed by the authors uses a master-worker strategy for task distribution and a pool for task mapping. Solution and computational performance results are presented for groundwater source identification and release history reconstruction problems. They indicate that high-quality solutions and significant raw performance improvements were attained for a deployment of the solution framework on the TeraGrid. C1 [Tryby, M. E.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, NERL, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Mirghani, B. Y.] Brown & Caldwell, Master Planning & Modeling Grp, Salt Lake City, UT 84047 USA. [Mahinthakumar, G. K.; Ranjithan, S. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Tryby, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, NERL, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM TRYBY.MICHAEL@EPA.GOV FU National Science Foundation [BES-0238623] FX This work was partially funded under National Science Foundation Grant BES-0238623. Although this work was reviewed by US EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 24 IS 3 BP 265 EP 283 DI 10.1177/1094342009350886 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 634UO UT WOS:000280611300002 ER PT J AU Hall, J Szabo, J AF Hall, John Szabo, Jeff TI On-line Water Quality Monitoring in Drinking Water Distribution Systems: A Summary Report of USEPA Research and Best Practices SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hall, John] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Szabo, Jeff] US EPA, Test & Evaluat Facil, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hall, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM hall.john@epa.gov; szabo.jeff@epa.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 102 IS 8 BP 20 EP 22 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 642PO UT WOS:000281228500004 ER PT J AU Gelb, N AF Gelb, Nanci TI The Water Sector Professional-A System's Most Vital Asset SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Groundwater & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Gelb, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Groundwater & Drinking Water, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM gelb.nanci@epamail.epa.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 102 IS 8 BP 30 EP 31 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 642PO UT WOS:000281228500006 ER PT J AU Thoma, ED Green, RB Hater, GR Goldsmith, CD Swan, ND Chase, MJ Hashmonay, RA AF Thoma, Eben D. Green, Roger B. Hater, Gary R. Goldsmith, C. Doug Swan, Nathan D. Chase, Mike J. Hashmonay, Ram A. TI Development of EPA OTM 10 for Landfill Applications SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Global Waste Management Symposium (GWMS) CY SEP 07-10, 2008 CL Copper Mt, CO DE Landfill; Methane; Fugitive emission; Optical remote sensing; EPA OTM 10; Area source; Tunable diode laser ID GASEOUS FLUXES AB In 2006, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency posted a new test method on its website called Other Test Method 10 (OTM 10) which describes direct measurement of pollutant mass emission flux from area sources using ground-based optical remote sensing. The method has validated application to relatively small bounded area sources but additional guidance is needed for large area sources, such as landfills, where the emission zone can exceed the size of optical configuration leading to difficulties in relating measured fluxes to emissions per unit area. This paper presents the findings of a series of tracer-release experiments designed to improve the understanding of OTM 10 in landfill applications. OTM 10 plume capture efficiency data acquired at a variety of landfill sites under a range of meteorological conditions and measurement configurations are presented. Experiments indicate an overall capture efficiency factor of 0.81 with a standard deviation of 0.33. Lower capture efficiencies from side slope releases are noted (0.69). The combined data set is analyzed for factors influencing capture efficiency. A multiple linear regression is used to model the capture efficiency as a function of primary parameters including distance of the tracer release from the observing plane and wind speed. A simplified model based on the regression analysis is described and its use for approximating the area contributing to flux is presented. C1 [Thoma, Eben D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hater, Gary R.] Waste Management, BioSite & New Technol Off, Cincinnati, OH 45211 USA. [Goldsmith, C. Doug] Alternat Nat Technol Inc, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Swan, Nathan D.] Cygnus Environm Grp, Louisville, KY 40205 USA. [Chase, Mike J.; Hashmonay, Ram A.] ENVIRON Int Corp, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Thoma, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thoma.eben@epa.gov; rgreen2@wm.com; ghater@wm.com; dougg@infionline.net; nathan_swan@yahoo.com; mchase@environcorp.com; rhashmonay@environcorp.com NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2010 VL 136 IS 8 BP 769 EP 776 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000157 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 626US UT WOS:000279993300006 ER PT J AU Bareither, CA Benson, CH Barlaz, MA Edil, TB Tolaymat, TM AF Bareither, Christopher A. Benson, Craig H. Barlaz, Morton A. Edil, Tuncer B. Tolaymat, Thabet M. TI Performance of North American Bioreactor Landfills. I: Leachate Hydrology and Waste Settlement SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Global Waste Management Symposium (GWMS) CY SEP 07-10, 2008 CL Copper Mt, CO DE Landfills; Bioreactor; Solid waste; Liners; Leachate; Hydrology; Settlement ID RECIRCULATION; REFUSE AB An assessment of state-of-the-practice at five full-scale North American landfills operating as bioreactors is presented in this two-paper set. This paper focuses on effectiveness of liners and leachate collection systems, leachate generation rates, leachate recirculation practices and rates, effectiveness in moistening the waste, and settlement of the waste over time. Except in one case, the liner and leachate collection systems at the bioreactor landfills were similar to those used for landfills operated conventionally. Leachate generation rates increased approximately linearly with recirculation rate, but in all cases, the leachate generation rate was <300 L/m(2) year. Leachate depths generally were maintained within regulatory requirements, even with the highest recirculation rates. Leakage rates from liners at bioreactor landfills, including alternative liner designs employing geosynthetic clay liners, are comparable to leakage rates from conventional landfills. Thus, based on the information gathered in this study, additional requirements or features for liners or leachate collection systems are not warranted for bioreactor landfills. Diminishing capacity of horizontal recirculation trenches is common. Experience at one landfill suggests that small doses at high frequency under substantial injection pressure can deter loss of trench capacity. Only those landfills that were aggressive in recirculation had achieved water contents near the field capacity. Increasing the amount of liquid that is added may be required to achieve field capacity at some landfills, particularly if a final cover is placed soon after waste grades are reached. The rate of time-dependent waste settlement attributed to biodegradation is about 1.6 times larger in bioreactor landfills than in conventional landfills, and increases as the recirculation dosage increases. C1 [Bareither, Christopher A.; Benson, Craig H.; Edil, Tuncer B.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Barlaz, Morton A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Tolaymat, Thabet M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Bareither, CA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bareither@wisc.edu; chbenson@wisc.edu; barlaz@eos.ncsu.edu; edil@engr.wisc.edu; tolaymat.thabet@epa.gov NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 28 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2010 VL 136 IS 8 BP 824 EP 838 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000219 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 626US UT WOS:000279993300012 ER PT J AU Pham, TTH Brar, SK Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY AF Pham, T. T. H. Brar, S. K. Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Optimization of Fenton oxidation pre-treatment for B. thuringiensis - Based production of value added products from wastewater sludge SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Biodegradability; Fenton oxidation; Response surface methodology; Ultrasonication; Wastewater sludge ID ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; LANDFILL LEACHATE; EXCESS SLUDGE; BIODEGRADABILITY; IMPROVE; H2O2 AB Fenton oxidation pretreatment was investigated for enhancement of biodegradability of wastewater sludge (WWS) which was subsequently used as substrate for the production of value- added products. The Response surface method with fractional factorial and central composite designs was applied to determine the effects of Fenton parameters on solubilization and biodegradability of sludge and the optimization of the Fenton process. Maximum solubilization and biodegradability were obtained as 70% and 74%, respectively at the optimal conditions: 0.01 ml H2O2/g SS, 150 [H2O2](0)/[Fe2+](0), 25 g/L TS, at 25 degrees C and 60 min duration. Further, these optimal conditions were tested for the production of a value added product, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) which is being used as a biopesticide in the agriculture and forestry sector. It was observed that Bt growth using Fenton oxidized sludge as a substrate was improved with a maximum total cell count of 1.63 x 10(9) CFU ml(-1) and 96% sporulation after 48 h of fermentation. The results were also tested against ultrasonication treatment and the total cell count was found to be 4.08 x 10(8) CFU ml(-1) with a sporulation of 90%. Hence, classic Fenton oxidation was demonstrated to be a rather more promising chemical pre-treatment for Bt - based biopesticide production using WWS when compared to ultrasonication as a physical pre-treatment. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pham, T. T. H.; Brar, S. K.; Tyagi, R. D.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A4984, STP235071]; INRS-ETE FX The authors are sincerely thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grants A4984, STP235071, Canada Research Chair), NSERC (DG) and INRS-ETE for financial support. The views or opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as opinions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1657 EP 1664 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.03.007 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 614MH UT WOS:000279062800006 PM 20381232 ER PT J AU Madenspacher, JH Draper, DW Smoak, KA Li, HT Griffiths, GL Suratt, BT Wilson, MD Rudel, LL Fessler, MB AF Madenspacher, Jennifer H. Draper, David W. Smoak, Kathleen A. Li, Haitao Griffiths, Gary L. Suratt, Benjamin T. Wilson, Martha D. Rudel, Lawrence L. Fessler, Michael B. TI Dyslipidemia Induces Opposing Effects on Intrapulmonary and Extrapulmonary Host Defense through Divergent TLR Response Phenotypes SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE INFECTION; FREE-CHOLESTEROL ACCUMULATION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; E-DEFICIENT MICE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; NEUTROPHIL RECRUITMENT; IN-VIVO; PULMONARY INFLAMMATION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE AB Dyslipidemia influences innate immune responses in the bloodstream, but whether and how pulmonary innate immunity is sensitive to circulating lipoproteins is largely unknown. To define whether dyslipidemia impacts responses to bacteria in the airspace and, if so, whether differently from its effects in other tissues, airspace, bloodstream, and i.p. responses to LPS and Klebsiella pneumoniae were investigated using murine models of dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia reduced neutrophil (PMN) recruitment to the airspace in response to LPS and K. pneumoniae by impairing both chemokine induction in the airspace and PMN chemotaxis, thereby compromising pulmonary bacterial clearance. Paradoxically, bacteria were cleared more effectively from the bloodstream during dyslipidemia. This enhanced systemic response was due, at least in part, to basal circulating neutrophilia and basal TLR4/MyD88-dependent serum cytokine induction and enhanced serum cytokine responses to systemically administered TLR ligands. Dyslipidemia did not globally impair PMN transvascular trafficking to, and host defense within all loci, because neutrophilia, cytokine induction, and bacterial clearance were enhanced within the infected peritoneum. Peritoneal macrophages from dyslipidemic animals were primed for more robust TLR responses, reflecting increased lipid rafts and increased TLR4 expression, whereas macrophages from the airspace, in which cholesterol was maintained constant during dyslipidemia, had normal responses and rafts. Dyslipidemia thus imparts opposing effects upon intra-and extrapulmonary host defense by inducing tissue-divergent TLR response phenotypes and dysregulating airspace/blood compartmental levels of PMNs and cytokines. We propose that the airspace is a "privileged" site, thereby uniquely sensitive to dyslipidemia. The Journal of Immunology, 2010, 185: 1660-1669. C1 [Madenspacher, Jennifer H.; Draper, David W.; Smoak, Kathleen A.; Fessler, Michael B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Li, Haitao; Griffiths, Gary L.] NHLBI, Imaging Probe Dev Ctr, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Suratt, Benjamin T.] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Vermont Lung Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Wilson, Martha D.; Rudel, Lawrence L.] Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Sect Lipid Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. RP Fessler, MB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233,MD D2 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fesslerm@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institutes of Health [R01 HL84200, HL-49373]; Amgen; GlaxoSmithKline FX This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and by National Institutes of Health Grants R01 HL84200 and HL-49373.; L. L. R. has received research funding from Amgen and GlaxoSmithKline in excess of $5000 within the past 5 years. NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 185 IS 3 BP 1660 EP 1669 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.0903501 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 629EI UT WOS:000280177400043 PM 20581153 ER PT J AU O'Connor, TP AF O'Connor, Thomas P. TI Explanation for Anomalous Readings during Monitoring of a Best Management Practice SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Best management practice (BMP); Continuous monitoring; Road salt; Ammonium electrodes; Interferences AB The USEPA's Urban Watershed Management Branch (UWMB) has monitored storm-water drainage and best management practices (BMPs) as part of its overall research program. As part of this effort, continuous monitoring equipment was deployed to measure both storm events and periods between storms in a BMP. Of particular concern were electrodes used to measure ammonium (NH(4)(+)) concentrations. During the third deployment of the electrode there were readings of concern for NH(4)(+) which exceeded expectations for drift or storm event response. The electrode indicated concentrations of NH(4)(+) exceeded 2 mg/L, with a sustained maximum concentration of 8 mg/L recorded. These observations occurred between December 5, 2003 and December 10, 2003 after snow events. This period was marked by increased measures of conductivity measured which were contrary to typically low conductivity readings especially after precipitation events. Deicers (sodium chloride) spread on the roadway most likely caused increased NH(4)(+) readings, as sodium ions are a known interference for NH(4)(+). To back up this claim, controlled laboratory experiments were performed on the NH(4)(+) electrode to test the response. Two tests were performed where salt was introduced into a bucket containing a probe. A determination was also made as to whether decaying leaves may have contributed to these elevated NH(4)(+) readings. Results of the tests indicated that at low ammonia concentrations, salt is a measurable interference. Decaying leaves did increase NH(4)(+) concentrations as measured by the electrodes, but only to 1 mg/L which coincided with both electrode readings and sample concentrations from the field. C1 US EPA, Urban Watershed Management Branch, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP O'Connor, TP (reprint author), US EPA, Urban Watershed Management Branch, 2890 Woodbridge Ave,MS 104, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. EM oconnor.thomas@epa.gov OI O'Connor, Thomas/0000-0002-5643-644X NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD AUG PY 2010 VL 136 IS 8 BP 527 EP 531 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000251 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 626UN UT WOS:000279992700003 ER PT J AU Wood, JP Ryan, SP Snyder, EG Serre, SD Touati, A Clayton, MJ AF Wood, Joseph P. Ryan, Shawn P. Snyder, Emily Gibb Serre, Shannon D. Touati, Abderrahmane Clayton, Matthew J. TI Adsorption of Chlorine Dioxide Gas on Activated Carbons SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DECONTAMINATION AB Research and field experience with chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) gas to decontaminate structures contaminated with Bacillus anthracis spores and other microorganisms have demonstrated the effectiveness of this sterilant technology. However, because of its hazardous properties, the unreacted ClO(2) gas must be contained and captured during fumigation events. Although activated carbon has been used during some decontamination events to capture the ClO(2) gas, no data are available to quantify the performance of the activated carbon in terms of adsorption capacity and other sorbent property operational features. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine and compare the ClO(2) adsorption capacities of five different types of activated carbon as a function of the challenge ClO(2) concentration. Tests were also conducted to investigate other sorbent properties, including screening tests to determine gaseous species desorbed from the saturated sorbent upon warming (to provide an indication of how immobile the ClO(2) gas and related compounds are once captured on the sorbent). In the adsorption tests, ClO(2) gas was measured continuously using a photometric-based instrument, and these measurements were verified with a noncontinuous method utilizing wet chemistry analysis. The results show that the simple activated carbons (not impregnated or containing other activated sorbent materials) were the most effective, with maximum adsorption capacities of approximately 110 mg/g. In the desorption tests, there was minimal release of ClO(2) from all sorbents tested, but desorption levels of chlorine (Cl(2)) gas (detected as chloride) varied, with a maximum release of nearly 15% of the mass of ClO(2) adsorbed. C1 [Wood, Joseph P.; Snyder, Emily Gibb; Serre, Shannon D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, DCMD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Touati, Abderrahmane; Clayton, Matthew J.] ARCADIS US Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Wood, JP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, DCMD, MC E343-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wood.joe@epa.gov OI Wood, Joseph/0000-0001-6316-9418 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development with ARCADIS GM [EP-C-04-023] FX The authors thank Blair Martin, Leroy Mickelsen, Brian Attwood, Rob Delafield, and Craig Williams for technical advice and/or support in the laboratories used in this study. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development, funded and directed the research described herein under contract EP-C-04-023 with ARCADIS G&M. It has been subject to an administrative review but does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency. No official endorsement should be inferred. EPA does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 60 IS 8 BP 898 EP 906 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.60.8.898 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635TG UT WOS:000280678700001 PM 20842929 ER PT J AU Casey, KD Gates, RS Shores, RC Thoma, ED Harris, DB AF Casey, Kenneth D. Gates, Richard S. Shores, Richard C. Thoma, Eben D. Harris, D. Bruce TI Ammonia Emissions from a US Broiler House-Comparison of Concurrent Measurements Using Three Different Technologies SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; ODOR; FANS AB There is a need for robust and accurate techniques for the measurement of ammonia (NH(3)) and other atmospheric pollutant emissions from poultry production facilities. Reasonable estimates of NH(3) emission rate (ER) from poultry facilities are needed to guide discussions about the industry's impact on local and regional air quality. The design of these facilities features numerous emission points and results in emission characteristics of relatively low concentrations and exhaust flow rates that vary diurnally, seasonally, and with bird age over a considerable range. These factors combine to render conventional emissions monitoring approaches difficult to apply. Access to these facilities is also often restricted for biosecurity reasons. The three objectives of this study were (1) to compare three methods for measuring exhaust NH(3) concentrations and thus ERs, (2) to compare ventilation rates using in situ measured fan characteristics versus using manufacturer sourced fan curves, and (3) to examine limitations of the alternative measurement technologies. In this study, two open-path monitoring systems operating outside of the buildings were compared with a portable monitoring system sampling upstream of a primary exhaust fan. The position of the open-path systems relative to the exhaust fans, measurement strategy adopted, and weather conditions significantly influenced the quality of data collected when compared with the internally located, portable monitoring system. Calculation of exhaust airflow from the facility had a large effect on calculated emissions and assuming that the installed fans performed as per published performance characteristics potentially overestimated emissions by 13.6-26.8%. The open-path measurement systems showed promise for being able to obtain ER measurements with minimal access to the house, although the availability of individual fan characteristics markedly improved the calculated ER accuracy. However, substantial operator skill and experience and favorable weather conditions were required to obtain good quality results. C1 [Casey, Kenneth D.] Texas A&M Syst, Texas AgriLife Res, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. [Gates, Richard S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL USA. [Shores, Richard C.; Thoma, Eben D.; Harris, D. Bruce] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Casey, KD (reprint author), Texas A&M Syst, Texas AgriLife Res, 6500 Amarillo Blvd W, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. EM kdcasey@ag.tamu.edu RI Casey, Kenneth/F-4409-2010; Gates, Richard/M-4367-2014 OI Casey, Kenneth/0000-0003-0819-8376; Gates, Richard/0000-0003-2812-1739 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [20015210311311] FX This project was supported by Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems grant no. 20015210311311 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 60 IS 8 BP 939 EP 948 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.60.8.939 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635TG UT WOS:000280678700006 PM 20842934 ER PT J AU Bar-Ilan, A Johnson, JR DenBleyker, A Chan, LM Yarwood, G Hitchcock, D Pinto, JP AF Bar-Ilan, Amnon Johnson, Jeremiah R. DenBleyker, Allison Chan, Lit-Mian Yarwood, Gregory Hitchcock, David Pinto, Joseph P. TI Potential Ozone Impacts of Excess NO2 Emissions from Diesel Particulate Filters for On- and Off-Road Diesel Engines SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB This study considers potential impacts of increased use of diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) and catalyzed diesel particulate filters (DPFs) on ozone formation in the Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) area. There is concern that excess nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions from vehicles equipped with these devices could increase ambient ozone levels. The approach involved developing two scenarios for use of these devices, quantifying excess NO2 emissions in each scenario, and using a photochemical model to estimate the resulting ozone changes. In the "maximum penetration" scenario, DOC/DPF devices in a 2009 fleet of heavy-duty on-road trucks, school buses, and construction equipment were significantly increased by accelerating turnover of these vehicles and equipment to models that would require DOCs/DPFs. In the "realistic" scenario, current fractional usage of these devices was assessed for 2009. For both scenarios, excess NO2 emissions from DOCs/DPFs were estimated using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's MOBILE6 and NONROAD emissions inventory modeling tools. The emissions analyses were used to adjust the DFW photochemical modeling emissions inventories and the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions air quality model was rerun for the DFW area to determine the impact of these two scenarios on ozone formation. The maximum penetration scenario, which showed an overall reduction in oxides of nitrogen (NOx) because of the accelerated turnover of equipment to cleaner models, resulted in a net decrease in daily maximum 8-hr ozone of 4-5 parts per billion (ppb) despite the increase in NO2 emissions. The realistic scenario resulted in a small increase in daily maximum 8-hr ozone of less than 1 ppb for the DFW area. It was concluded that the excess NO2 emissions from DOC/DPF devices result in very small ozone impacts, particularly for the realistic scenario, in the DFW area. There are noticeable decreases in ozone for the maximum penetration scenario because NOx associated with DOC/DPFs (i.e., accelerated fleet turnover) exert more influence than excess NO2. C1 [Bar-Ilan, Amnon; Johnson, Jeremiah R.; DenBleyker, Allison; Chan, Lit-Mian; Yarwood, Gregory] ENVIRON Int Corp, Air Sci Off, Novato, CA 94945 USA. [Hitchcock, David] Houston Adv Res Ctr, The Woodlands, TX USA. [Pinto, Joseph P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bar-Ilan, A (reprint author), ENVIRON Int Corp, Air Sci Off, 773 San Marin Dr, Novato, CA 94945 USA. EM abarilan@environcorp.com FU State of Texas through the Houston Advanced Research Center; Texas Environmental Research Consortium; TCEQ FX The preparation of this report is based on work supported by the State of Texas through a grant from the Houston Advanced Research Center, the Texas Environmental Research Consortium, and TCEQ. The views expressed in the article are only those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect EPA policy. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 60 IS 8 BP 977 EP 992 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.60.8.977 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635TG UT WOS:000280678700010 ER PT J AU Zagoruiko, A Balzhinimaev, B Vanag, S Goncharov, V Lopatin, S Zykov, A Anichkov, S Zhukov, Y Yankilevich, V Proskokov, N Hutson, N AF Zagoruiko, Andrey Balzhinimaev, Bair Vanag, Sergey Goncharov, Vladimir Lopatin, Sergey Zykov, Alexander Anichkov, Sergey Zhukov, Yurii Yankilevich, Vassily Proskokov, Nikolay Hutson, Nick TI Novel Catalytic Process for Flue Gas Conditioning in Electrostatic Precipitators of Coal-Fired Power Plants SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB One of the most important environmental protection problems for coal-fired power plants is prevention of atmospheric pollution of flying ash. The ash particles are typically removed from flue gases by means of electrostatic precipitators, for which the efficiency may be significantly increased by lowering the resistance of fly ash, which may be achieved by controlled addition of micro-amounts of sulfur trioxide (SO(3)) into the flue gases. This paper describes the novel technology for production of SO(3) by sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) oxidation using the combined catalytic system consisting of conventional vanadium catalyst and novel platinum catalyst on the base of silica-zirconia glass-fiber supports. This combination provides highly efficient SO(2) oxidation in a wide temperature range with achievement of high SO(2) conversion. The performed pilot tests have demonstrated reliable and stable operation, excellent resistance of the novel catalytic system to deactivation, and high overall efficiency of the proposed process. The scale of the plant was equivalent to the commercial prototype; therefore, no further scale-up of the oxidation process is required. C1 [Zagoruiko, Andrey; Balzhinimaev, Bair; Vanag, Sergey; Goncharov, Vladimir; Lopatin, Sergey] Boreskov Inst Catalysis, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Zykov, Alexander; Anichkov, Sergey] All Russia Thermal Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Zhukov, Yurii; Yankilevich, Vassily; Proskokov, Nikolay] Byisk Oleum Plant, Byisk, Russia. [Hutson, Nick] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zagoruiko, A (reprint author), Boreskov Inst Catalysis, Pr Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM zagor@catalysis.ru RI Zagoruiko, Andrey/E-9284-2012; Lopatin, Sergey/E-9991-2012; OI Zagoruiko, Andrey/0000-0001-6217-0302; Goncharov, Vladimir/0000-0003-4575-1310 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency via the International Scientific-Technological Center (ISTC) [3662] FX This research was performed under financial support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency via the International Scientific-Technological Center (ISTC; grant 3662). NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 60 IS 8 BP 1002 EP 1008 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.60.8.1002 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635TG UT WOS:000280678700012 PM 20842940 ER PT J AU Hughes, RM Herlihy, AT Kaufmann, PR AF Hughes, Robert M. Herlihy, Alan T. Kaufmann, Philip R. TI An Evaluation of Qualitative Indexes of Physical Habitat Applied to Agricultural Streams in Ten US States1 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE environmental indicators; environmental sampling; qualitative physical habitat assessment; stream monitoring and assessment; aquatic surveys; fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages; stream visual assessment protocol; qualitative habitat evaluation index; rapid bioassessment protocol; Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; LAND-USE; ELECTROFISHING EFFORT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SEDIMENT CRITERIA; SPECIES RICHNESS; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; WESTERN OREGON; BED STABILITY AB Assessment of stream physical habitat condition is important for evaluating stream quality globally. However, the diversity of metrics and methods for assessing physical habitat condition confounds comparisons among practitioners. We surveyed 51 previously sampled stream sites (0.0-6.3 m wide) located in regions of row-crop agriculture in Oregon, California, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West Virginia to evaluate the comparability of four indexes of physical habitat condition relative to each other. We also compared the indexes to previously calculated indexes of fish and macroinvertebrate condition. The physical habitat indexes included the Stream Visual Assessment Protocol Version 2 of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the qualitative habitat evaluation index of the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, the rapid bioassessment protocol of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and a qualitative physical habitat index based on USEPA quantitative physical habitat measurements. All four indexes were highly correlated with each other, but low-to-moderately correlated with biotic index scores for fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages. Moderately high correlations occurred between some macroinvertebrate biotic index scores and quantitative metrics. We conclude that additional research is needed to increase the predictive and diagnostic capabilities of qualitative physical habitat indexes. C1 [Hughes, Robert M.] Amnis Opes Inst, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Kaufmann, Philip R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Hughes, Robert M.; Herlihy, Alan T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hughes, RM (reprint author), Univ Fed Lavras, Lab Fish Biol, Lavras, MG, Brazil. EM hughes.bob@epa.gov FU Natural Resources Conservation Service [68-3A75-4-101]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was suggested by Kathryn Boyer and sponsored by the Natural Resources Conservation Service through Grant 68-3A75-4-101 to Oregon State University. Historical data were provided by the USEPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). The 2007 field data were collected by Susan Reithel and Pamela Tyhurst. We thank Kathryn Boyer, Scott Stranko, Michael Barbour, Mike Mulvey, and three anonymous reviewers for critical reviews of draft manuscripts. The information in this paper was partly funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 80 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 46 IS 4 BP 792 EP 806 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00455.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 631ON UT WOS:000280357300012 ER PT J AU Mueller, V Sheriff, G AF Mueller, Valerie Sheriff, Glenn TI On Hedonic Valuation of Urban Amenities Using Unbalanced Data SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID QUALITY; LIFE AB Hedonic valuation of urban amenities often requires estimating housing and labor market regressions. It is difficult to get both types of data for all survey respondents. We show that the common practice of conducting two separate regressions with unbalanced data causes inconsistent covariance matrix estimation and improper inference regarding amenity values. We demonstrate how two easily implementable yet consistent techniques can be used for hedonic valuation with an application in valuing temperature increases in urban Brazil. (JEL C31, Q51) C1 [Mueller, Valerie] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Dev Strategy & Governance Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Sheriff, Glenn] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Mueller, V (reprint author), Int Food Policy Res Inst, Dev Strategy & Governance Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 86 IS 3 BP 545 EP 551 PG 7 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619FB UT WOS:000279413500009 ER PT J AU Shi, LM Campbell, G Jones, WD Campagne, F Wen, ZN Walker, SJ Su, ZQ Chu, TM Goodsaid, FM Pusztai, L Shaughnessy, JD Oberthuer, A Thomas, RS Paules, RS Fielden, M Barlogie, B Chen, WJ Du, P Fischer, M Furlanello, C Gallas, BD Ge, XJ Megherbi, DB Symmans, WF Wang, MD Zhang, J Bitter, H Brors, B Bushel, PR Bylesjo, M Chen, MJ Cheng, J Cheng, J Chou, J Davison, TS Delorenzi, M Deng, YP Devanarayan, V Dix, DJ Dopazo, J Dorff, KC Elloumi, F Fan, JQ Fan, SC Fan, XH Fang, H Gonzaludo, N Hess, KR Hong, H Huan, J Irizarry, RA Judson, R Juraeva, D Lababidi, S Lambert, CG Li, L Li, Y Li, Z Lin, SM Liu, GZ Lobenhofer, EK Luo, J Luo, W McCall, MN Nikolsky, Y Pennello, GA Perkins, RG Philip, R Popovici, V Price, ND Qian, F Scherer, A Shi, TL Shi, WW Sung, JY Thierry-Mieg, D Thierry-Mieg, J Thodima, V Trygg, J Vishnuvajjala, L Wang, SJ Wu, JP Wu, YC Xie, Q Yousef, WA Zhang, L Zhang, XG Zhong, S Zhou, YM Zhu, S Arasappan, D Bao, WJ Lucas, AB Berthold, F Brennan, RJ Buness, A Catalano, JG Chang, C Chen, R Cheng, YY Cui, J Czika, W Demichelis, F Deng, XT Dosymbekov, D Eils, R Feng, Y Fostel, J Fulmer-Smentek, S Fuscoe, JC Gatto, L Ge, WG Goldstein, DR Guo, L Halbert, DN Han, J Harris, SC Hatzis, C Herman, D Huang, JP Jensen, RV Jiang, R Johnson, CD Jurman, G Kahlert, Y Khuder, SA Kohl, M Li, JY Li, L Li, ML Li, QZ Li, S Li, ZG Liu, J Liu, Y Liu, ZC Meng, L Madera, M Martinez-Murillo, F Medina, I Meehan, J Miclaus, K Moffitt, RA Montaner, D Mukherjee, P Mulligan, GJ Neville, P Nikolskaya, T Ning, BT Page, GP Parker, J Parry, RM Peng, XJ Peterson, RL Phan, JH Quanz, B Ren, Y Riccadonna, S Roter, AH Samuelson, FW Schumacher, MM Shambaugh, JD Shi, QA Shippy, R Si, SZ Smalter, A Sotiriou, C Soukup, M Staedtler, F Steiner, G Stokes, TH Sun, QL Tan, PY Tang, R Tezak, Z Thorn, B Tsyganova, M Turpaz, Y Vega, SC Visintainer, R von Frese, J Wang, C Wang, E Wang, JW Wang, W Westermann, F Willey, JC Woods, M Wu, SJ Xiao, NQ Xu, J Xu, L Yang, L Zeng, X Zhang, JL Zhang, L Zhang, M Zhao, C Puri, RK Scherf, U Tong, W Wolfinger, RD AF Shi, Leming Campbell, Gregory Jones, Wendell D. Campagne, Fabien Wen, Zhining Walker, Stephen J. Su, Zhenqiang Chu, Tzu-Ming Goodsaid, Federico M. Pusztai, Lajos Shaughnessy, John D., Jr. Oberthuer, Andre Thomas, Russell S. Paules, Richard S. Fielden, Mark Barlogie, Bart Chen, Weijie Du, Pan Fischer, Matthias Furlanello, Cesare Gallas, Brandon D. Ge, Xijin Megherbi, Dalila B. Symmans, W. Fraser Wang, May D. Zhang, John Bitter, Hans Brors, Benedikt Bushel, Pierre R. Bylesjo, Max Chen, Minjun Cheng, Jie Cheng, Jing Chou, Jeff Davison, Timothy S. Delorenzi, Mauro Deng, Youping Devanarayan, Viswanath Dix, David J. Dopazo, Joaquin Dorff, Kevin C. Elloumi, Fathi Fan, Jianqing Fan, Shicai Fan, Xiaohui Fang, Hong Gonzaludo, Nina Hess, Kenneth R. Hong, Huixiao Huan, Jun Irizarry, Rafael A. Judson, Richard Juraeva, Dilafruz Lababidi, Samir Lambert, Christophe G. Li, Li Li, Yanen Li, Zhen Lin, Simon M. Liu, Guozhen Lobenhofer, Edward K. Luo, Jun Luo, Wen McCall, Matthew N. Nikolsky, Yuri Pennello, Gene A. Perkins, Roger G. Philip, Reena Popovici, Vlad Price, Nathan D. Qian, Feng Scherer, Andreas Shi, Tieliu Shi, Weiwei Sung, Jaeyun Thierry-Mieg, Danielle Thierry-Mieg, Jean Thodima, Venkata Trygg, Johan Vishnuvajjala, Lakshmi Wang, Sue Jane Wu, Jianping Wu, Yichao Xie, Qian Yousef, Waleed A. Zhang, Liang Zhang, Xuegong Zhong, Sheng Zhou, Yiming Zhu, Sheng Arasappan, Dhivya Bao, Wenjun Lucas, Anne Bergstrom Berthold, Frank Brennan, Richard J. Buness, Andreas Catalano, Jennifer G. Chang, Chang Chen, Rong Cheng, Yiyu Cui, Jian Czika, Wendy Demichelis, Francesca Deng, Xutao Dosymbekov, Damir Eils, Roland Feng, Yang Fostel, Jennifer Fulmer-Smentek, Stephanie Fuscoe, James C. Gatto, Laurent Ge, Weigong Goldstein, Darlene R. Guo, Li Halbert, Donald N. Han, Jing Harris, Stephen C. Hatzis, Christos Herman, Damir Huang, Jianping Jensen, Roderick V. Jiang, Rui Johnson, Charles D. Jurman, Giuseppe Kahlert, Yvonne Khuder, Sadik A. Kohl, Matthias Li, Jianying Li, Li Li, Menglong Li, Quan-Zhen Li, Shao Li, Zhiguang Liu, Jie Liu, Ying Liu, Zhichao Meng, Lu Madera, Manuel Martinez-Murillo, Francisco Medina, Ignacio Meehan, Joseph Miclaus, Kelci Moffitt, Richard A. Montaner, David Mukherjee, Piali Mulligan, George J. Neville, Padraic Nikolskaya, Tatiana Ning, Baitang Page, Grier P. Parker, Joel Parry, R. Mitchell Peng, Xuejun Peterson, Ron L. Phan, John H. Quanz, Brian Ren, Yi Riccadonna, Samantha Roter, Alan H. Samuelson, Frank W. Schumacher, Martin M. Shambaugh, Joseph D. Shi, Qiang Shippy, Richard Si, Shengzhu Smalter, Aaron Sotiriou, Christos Soukup, Mat Staedtler, Frank Steiner, Guido Stokes, Todd H. Sun, Qinglan Tan, Pei-Yi Tang, Rong Tezak, Zivana Thorn, Brett Tsyganova, Marina Turpaz, Yaron Vega, Silvia C. Visintainer, Roberto von Frese, Juergen Wang, Charles Wang, Eric Wang, Junwei Wang, Wei Westermann, Frank Willey, James C. Woods, Matthew Wu, Shujian Xiao, Nianqing Xu, Joshua Xu, Lei Yang, Lun Zeng, Xiao Zhang, Jialu Zhang, Li Zhang, Min Zhao, Chen Puri, Raj K. Scherf, Uwe Tong, Weida Wolfinger, Russell D. CA MAQC Consortium TI The MicroArray Quality Control (MAQC)-IIII study of common practices for the development and validation of microarray-based predictive models SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION DATA; CONTROL MAQC PROJECT; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; BREAST-CANCER; PUBLISHED MICROARRAY; FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA; RISK-STRATIFICATION; DNA MICROARRAYS; CLASSIFICATION; PERFORMANCE AB Gene expression data from microarrays are being applied to predict preclinical and clinical endpoints, but the reliability of these predictions has not been established. In the MAQC-II project, 36 independent teams analyzed six microarray data sets to generate predictive models for classifying a sample with respect to one of 13 endpoints indicative of lung or liver toxicity in rodents, or of breast cancer, multiple myeloma or neuroblastoma in humans. In total, >30,000 models were built using many combinations of analytical methods. The teams generated predictive models without knowing the biological meaning of some of the endpoints and, to mimic clinical reality, tested the models on data that had not been used for training. We found that model performance depended largely on the endpoint and team proficiency and that different approaches generated models of similar performance. The conclusions and recommendations from MAQC-II should be useful for regulatory agencies, study committees and independent investigators that evaluate methods for global gene expression analysis. C1 [Shi, Leming; Wen, Zhining; Chen, Minjun; Hong, Huixiao; Perkins, Roger G.; Fuscoe, James C.; Ge, Weigong; Harris, Stephen C.; Li, Zhiguang; Liu, Jie; Liu, Zhichao; Ning, Baitang; Shi, Qiang; Thorn, Brett; Xu, Lei; Yang, Lun; Zhang, Min; Tong, Weida] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Campbell, Gregory; Chen, Weijie; Gallas, Brandon D.; Pennello, Gene A.; Philip, Reena; Vishnuvajjala, Lakshmi; Martinez-Murillo, Francisco; Samuelson, Frank W.; Tang, Rong; Tezak, Zivana; Scherf, Uwe] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Jones, Wendell D.; Parker, Joel] Express Anal Inc, Durham, NC USA. [Campagne, Fabien] Cornell Univ, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Walker, Stephen J.] Wake Forest Univ, Wake Forest Inst Regenerat Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Su, Zhenqiang; Fang, Hong; Qian, Feng; Arasappan, Dhivya; Meehan, Joseph; Xu, Joshua] Z Tech, Jefferson, AR USA. [Chu, Tzu-Ming; Li, Li; Bao, Wenjun; Czika, Wendy; Miclaus, Kelci; Neville, Padraic; Tan, Pei-Yi; Wolfinger, Russell D.] SAS Inst Inc, Cary, NC USA. [Goodsaid, Federico M.; Wang, Sue Jane; Soukup, Mat; Zhang, Jialu; Zhang, Li] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Pusztai, Lajos] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Breast Med Oncol Dept, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Shaughnessy, John D., Jr.; Barlogie, Bart; Zhou, Yiming] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Myeloma Inst Res & Therapy, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Oberthuer, Andre; Fischer, Matthias; Berthold, Frank; Kahlert, Yvonne] Univ Cologne, Dept Pediat Oncol & Hematol, Cologne, Germany. [Oberthuer, Andre; Fischer, Matthias; Berthold, Frank; Kahlert, Yvonne] Univ Cologne, Ctr Mol Med CMMC, Cologne, Germany. [Thomas, Russell S.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Paules, Richard S.; Bushel, Pierre R.; Chou, Jeff; Fostel, Jennifer] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Fielden, Mark] Roche Palo Alto LLC, San Francisco, CA USA. [Du, Pan; Lin, Simon M.] Northwestern Univ, Biomed Informat Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Furlanello, Cesare; Jurman, Giuseppe; Riccadonna, Samantha; Visintainer, Roberto] Fdn Bruno Kessler, Povo, Italy. [Ge, Xijin] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Megherbi, Dalila B.; Madera, Manuel] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, CMINDS Res Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA USA. [Symmans, W. Fraser] UI MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX USA. [Wang, May D.; Moffitt, Richard A.; Parry, R. Mitchell; Phan, John H.; Stokes, Todd H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wang, May D.; Moffitt, Richard A.; Parry, R. Mitchell; Phan, John H.; Stokes, Todd H.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Zhang, John; Luo, Jun; Wang, Eric; Woods, Matthew] Syst Analyt Inc, Waltham, MA USA. [Bitter, Hans] Hoffmann LaRoche, Nutley, NJ USA. [Brors, Benedikt; Juraeva, Dilafruz; Eils, Roland; Westermann, Frank] German Canc Res Ctr, Dept Theoret Bioinformat, Heidelberg, Germany. [Bylesjo, Max; Trygg, Johan] Umea Univ, Computat Life Sci Cluster CLiC, Chem Biol Ctr KBC, Umea, Sweden. [Cheng, Jie] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Collegeville, PA USA. [Cheng, Jing] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Med, Med Syst Biol Res Ctr, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Davison, Timothy S.] Almac Diagnost Ltd, Craigavon, North Ireland. [Delorenzi, Mauro; Popovici, Vlad] Swiss Inst Bioinformat, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Deng, Youping] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Devanarayan, Viswanath] Global Pharmaceut R&D, Abbott Labs, Souderton, PA USA. [Dix, David J.; Elloumi, Fathi; Judson, Richard; Li, Zhen] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dopazo, Joaquin] CIPF, Dept Bioinformat & Genom, Valencia, Spain. [Fan, Jianqing; Feng, Yang] Princeton Univ, Dept Operat Res & Financial Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fan, Shicai; Zhang, Xuegong; Jiang, Rui; Liu, Ying; Meng, Lu] Tsinghua Univ, MOE Key Lab Bioinformat, TNLIST, Dept Automat, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Fan, Xiaohui; Cheng, Yiyu; Huang, Jianping; Li, Shao] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Inst Pharmaceut Informat, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Gonzaludo, Nina] Roche Palo Alto LLC, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Hess, Kenneth R.] UT MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat, Houston, TX USA. [Huan, Jun; Quanz, Brian; Smalter, Aaron] Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Irizarry, Rafael A.; McCall, Matthew N.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Lababidi, Samir; Catalano, Jennifer G.; Han, Jing; Puri, Raj K.] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD USA. [Lambert, Christophe G.] Golden Helix Inc, Bozeman, MT USA. [Li, Yanen] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Liu, Guozhen; Zeng, Xiao] SABiosciences Corp, Frederick, MD USA. [Lobenhofer, Edward K.] Cogenics, Morrisville, NC USA. [Luo, Wen] Ligand Pharmaceut Inc, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Nikolsky, Yuri; Shi, Weiwei; Brennan, Richard J.; Nikolskaya, Tatiana] GeneGo Inc, Encinitas, CA USA. [Price, Nathan D.; Sung, Jaeyun] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Scherer, Andreas] Spheromics, Kontiolahti, Finland. [Shi, Tieliu; Chang, Chang; Cui, Jian; Wang, Junwei; Zhao, Chen] E China Normal Univ, Ctr Bioinformat, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Shi, Tieliu; Chang, Chang; Cui, Jian; Wang, Junwei; Zhao, Chen] E China Normal Univ, Inst Biomed Sci, Sch Life Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Thierry-Mieg, Danielle; Thierry-Mieg, Jean] Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Thodima, Venkata] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Rockefeller Res Labs, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Wu, Jianping; Zhang, Liang; Zhu, Sheng; Sun, Qinglan] CapitalBio Corp, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wu, Yichao] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Xie, Qian] SRA Int FMMFS, Rockville, MD USA. [Yousef, Waleed A.] Helwan Univ, Helwan, Egypt. [Zhong, Sheng] Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lucas, Anne Bergstrom; Fulmer-Smentek, Stephanie] Agilent Technol, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Buness, Andreas] F Hoffmann La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland. [Chen, Rong] Stanford Univ, Stanford Ctr Biomed Informat Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Demichelis, Francesca] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Pathol, HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsau, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Demichelis, Francesca] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Lab Med, HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsau, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Deng, Xutao; Wang, Charles] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. [Dosymbekov, Damir; Tsyganova, Marina] Russian Acad Sci, Vavilov Inst Gen Genet, Moscow, Russia. [Gatto, Laurent] DNAVision SA, Gosselies, Belgium. [Goldstein, Darlene R.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Guo, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Proc Engn, State Key Lab Multiphase Complex Syst, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Halbert, Donald N.] Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. [Hatzis, Christos] Nuvera Biosci Inc, Woburn, MA USA. [Herman, Damir] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Winthrop P Rockefeller Canc Inst, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Jensen, Roderick V.] VirginiaTech, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Johnson, Charles D.] BioMath Solut LLC, Austin, TX USA. [Khuder, Sadik A.] Univ Toledo, Bioinformat Program, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Kohl, Matthias] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Math, Bayreuth, Germany. [Li, Jianying] Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Li, Li] Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Li, Menglong] Sichuan Univ, Coll Chem, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Li, Quan-Zhen] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Medina, Ignacio; Montaner, David] CIPF, Valencia, Spain. [Mulligan, George J.] Millennium Pharmaceut Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. [Page, Grier P.] RTI Int, Atlanta, GA USA. [Peng, Xuejun] Takeda Global R&D Ctr Inc, Deerfield, IL USA. [Peterson, Ron L.] Novartis Inst Biomed Res, Cambridge, MA USA. [Ren, Yi] Rutgers State Univ, WM Keck Ctr Collaborat Neurosci, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Roter, Alan H.] Entelos Inc, Foster City, CA USA. [Schumacher, Martin M.; Staedtler, Frank] Novartis Pharma AG, Biomarker Dev, Novartis Inst BioMed Res, Basel, Switzerland. [Shambaugh, Joseph D.] Genedata Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Shippy, Richard] Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Si, Shengzhu] Hefei Teachers Coll, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Sotiriou, Christos] Inst Jules Bordet, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Steiner, Guido] F Hoffmann La Roche Ltd, Biostat, Basel, Switzerland. [Turpaz, Yaron] Lilly Singapore, Ctr Drug Discovery, Immunos, Singapore, Singapore. [Vega, Silvia C.] Microsoft Corp, US Hlth Solut Grp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [von Frese, Juergen] Data Anal Solut DA SOL GmbH, Greifenberg, Germany. [Wang, Wei] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Willey, James C.] Univ Toledo Hlth Sci Campus, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Toledo, OH USA. [Wu, Shujian] Bristol Myers Squibb, Pennington, NJ USA. [Xiao, Nianqing] OpGen Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Tsinghua Univ, TNLIST, Dept Automat, Bioinformat Div, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Shi, LM (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM leming.shi@fda.hhs.gov RI Popovici, Vlad/C-2039-2008; Campagne, Fabien/F-5158-2010; Yang, Lun/B-4859-2012; Zhang, Jinny/C-4794-2012; Chen, Weijie/A-3712-2012; Dopazo, Joaquin/A-9270-2014; Liu, Zhichao/C-4035-2011; Huan, Jun/A-1007-2015; Su, Zhenqiang/H-3914-2012; Su, Zhiguo/G-2422-2011; Jiang, Rui/B-1345-2012; Brors, Benedikt/E-5620-2013; Qiang, Shi/E-6266-2012; Nikolskaya, Tatiana/M-5008-2013; Feng, Yang/D-3329-2015; Hatzis, Christos/M-3867-2015; Eils, Roland/B-6121-2009; THIERRY-MIEG, Jean/F-1975-2017 OI Popovici, Vlad/0000-0002-1311-9188; Dopazo, Joaquin/0000-0003-3318-120X; Huan, Jun/0000-0003-4929-2617; Jiang, Rui/0000-0002-7533-3753; Brors, Benedikt/0000-0001-5940-3101; Feng, Yang/0000-0001-7746-7598; Hatzis, Christos/0000-0002-8120-2290; Eils, Roland/0000-0002-0034-4036; THIERRY-MIEG, Jean/0000-0002-0396-6789 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [1R01GM083084-01, 1R01RR021967-01A2, T32GM074906]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina [HHSN273200700046U]; Biomedical Informatics Core of the Institutional Clinical and Translational Science [RFA-RM-07002] FX The MAQC-II project was funded in part by the FDA's Office of Critical Path Programs (to L. S.). Participants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) were supported by the Intramural Research Program of NIH, Bethesda, Maryland or the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. J.F. was supported by the Division of Intramural Research of the NIEHS under contract HHSN273200700046U. Participants from the Johns Hopkins University were supported by grants from the NIH (1R01GM083084-01 and 1R01RR021967-01A2 to R.A.I. and T32GM074906 to M.M.). Participants from the Weill Medical College of Cornell University were partially supported by the Biomedical Informatics Core of the Institutional Clinical and Translational Science Award RFA-RM-07002. F. C. acknowledges resources from The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine and from the David A. Cofrin Center for Biomedical Information at Weill Cornell. The data set from The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences was supported by a grant from the American Chemistry Council's Long Range Research Initiative. The breast cancer data set was generated with support of grants from NIH (R-01 to L.P.), The Breast Cancer Research Foundation (to L.P. and W.F.S.) and the Faculty Incentive Funds of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (to W.F.S.). The data set from the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences was supported by National Cancer Institute (NCI) PO1 grant CA55819-01A1, NCI R33 Grant CA97513-01, Donna D. and Donald M. Lambert Lebow Fund to Cure Myeloma and Nancy and Steven Grand Foundation. We are grateful to the individuals whose gene expression data were used in this study. All MAQC-II participants freely donated their time and reagents for the completion and analyses of the MAQC-II project. The MAQC-II consortium also thanks R. O'Neill for his encouragement and coordination among FDA Centers on the formation of the RBWG. The MAQC-II consortium gratefully dedicates this work in memory of R.F. Wagner who enthusiastically worked on the MAQC-II project and inspired many of us until he unexpectedly passed away in June 2008. NR 65 TC 325 Z9 333 U1 10 U2 112 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 BP 827 EP U109 DI 10.1038/nbt.1665 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 636RM UT WOS:000280757500023 PM 20676074 ER PT J AU Johnstone, AFM Gross, GW Weiss, DG Schroeder, OHU Gramowski, A Shafer, TJ AF Johnstone, Andrew F. M. Gross, Guenter W. Weiss, Dieter G. Schroeder, Olaf H. -U. Gramowski, Alexandra Shafer, Timothy J. TI Microelectrode arrays: A physiologically based neurotoxicity testing platform for the 21st century SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Neurotoxicity screening; Microelectrode array (MEA); Developmental neurotoxicity; High content screening (HCS); Pharmacology ID NETWORKS IN-VITRO; PATCH-CLAMP ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; CORTICAL NEURONAL NETWORKS; NEURAL PROGENITOR CELLS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SPINAL-CORD NETWORKS; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; MULTIELECTRODE ARRAYS; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; RECORDINGS AB Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have been in use over the past decade and a half to study multiple aspects of electrically excitable cells. In particular, MEAs have been applied to explore the pharmacological and toxicological effects of numerous compounds on spontaneous activity of neuronal and cardiac cell networks. The MEA system enables simultaneous extracellular recordings from multiple sites in the network in real time, increasing spatial resolution and thereby providing a robust measure of network activity. The simultaneous gathering of action potential and field potential data over long periods of time allows the monitoring of network functions that arise from the interaction of all cellular mechanisms responsible for spatio-temporal pattern generation. In these functional, dynamic systems, physical, chemical, and pharmacological perturbations are holistically reflected by the tissue responses. Such features make MEA technology well suited for the screening of compounds of interest, and also allow scaling to high throughput systems that can record from multiple, separate cell networks simultaneously in multi-well chips or plates. This article is designed to be useful to newcomers to this technology as well as those who are currently using MEAs in their research. It explains how MEA systems operate, summarizes what systems are available, and provides a discussion of emerging mathematical schemes that can be used for a rapid classification of drug or chemical effects. Current efforts that will expand this technology to an influential, high throughput, electrophysiological approach for reliable determinations of compound toxicity are also described and a comprehensive review of toxicological publications using MEAs is provided as an appendix to this publication. Overall, this article highlights the benefits and promise of MEA technology as a high throughput, rapid screening method for toxicity testing. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Johnstone, Andrew F. M.; Shafer, Timothy J.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gross, Guenter W.] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Gross, Guenter W.] Univ N Texas, Ctr Network Neurosci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Weiss, Dieter G.; Gramowski, Alexandra] Univ Rostock, Inst Biol Sci Cell Biol & Biosyst Technol, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. [Schroeder, Olaf H. -U.; Gramowski, Alexandra] NeuroProof GmbH, D-18119 Rostock, Germany. RP Shafer, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Shafer.tim@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987; Weiss, Dieter G./0000-0002-1789-2995 NR 80 TC 131 Z9 136 U1 7 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD AUG PY 2010 VL 31 IS 4 BP 331 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2010.04.001 PG 20 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 612YJ UT WOS:000278941700001 PM 20399226 ER PT J AU Rusyn, I Gatti, DM Wilshire, T Kleeberger, SR Threadgill, DW AF Rusyn, Ivan Gatti, Daniel M. Wilshire, Timothy Kleeberger, Steven R. Threadgill, David W. TI Toxicogenetics: population-based testing of drug and chemical safety in mouse models SO PHARMACOGENOMICS LA English DT Review DE collaborative cross; expression quantitative trait locus mapping; mouse genetics; population screening; toxicity testing; toxicogenetics ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; COLLABORATIVE CROSS; B6C3F1 MICE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; GENETIC DISSECTION; SYSTEMS GENETICS; INBRED STRAINS; HUMAN-DISEASES AB The rapid decline in the cost of dense genotyping is paving the way for new DNA sequence-based laboratory tests to move quickly into clinical practice, and to ultimately help realize the promise of 'personalized' therapies. These advances are based on the growing appreciation of genetics as an important dimension in science and the practice of investigative pharmacology and toxicology. On the clinical side, both the regulators and the pharmaceutical industry hope that the early identification of individuals prone to adverse drug effects will keep advantageous medicines on the market for the benefit of the vast majority of prospective patients. On the environmental health protection side, there is a clear need for better science to define the range and causes of susceptibility to adverse effects of chemicals in the population, so that the appropriate regulatory limits are established. In both cases, most of the research effort is focused on genome-wide association studies in humans where de novo genotyping of each subject is required. At the same time, the power of population-based preclinical safety testing in rodent models (e.g., mouse) remains to be fully exploited. Here, we highlight the approaches available to utilize the knowledge of DNA sequence and genetic diversity of the mouse as a species in mechanistic toxicology research. We posit that appropriate genetically defined mouse models may be combined with the limited data from human studies to not only discover the genetic determinants of susceptibility, but to also understand the molecular underpinnings of toxicity. C1 [Rusyn, Ivan; Gatti, Daniel M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Michael Hooker Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Rusyn, Ivan; Kleeberger, Steven R.; Threadgill, David W.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Wilshire, Timothy] Univ N Carolina, Div Pharmacotherapy & Expt Therapeut, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kleeberger, Steven R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Threadgill, David W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Rusyn, I (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Michael Hooker Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM jir@unc.edu RI Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016; Threadgill, David/N-4425-2013 OI Threadgill, David/0000-0003-3538-1635 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; [P42 ES005948]; [R01 ES015241] FX The authors were supported by research grants (P42 ES005948, R01 ES015241), and the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. NR 83 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 8 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1462-2416 J9 PHARMACOGENOMICS JI Pharmacogenomics PD AUG PY 2010 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1127 EP 1136 DI 10.2217/PGS.10.100 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 645MV UT WOS:000281465500017 PM 20704464 ER PT J AU Huang, J Shi, W Zhang, J Chou, JW Paules, RS Gerrish, K Li, J Luo, J Wolfinger, RD Bao, W Chu, TM Nikolsky, Y Nikolskaya, T Dosymbekov, D Tsyganova, MO Shi, L Fan, X Corton, JC Chen, M Cheng, Y Tong, W Fang, H Bushel, PR AF Huang, J. Shi, W. Zhang, J. Chou, J. W. Paules, R. S. Gerrish, K. Li, J. Luo, J. Wolfinger, R. D. Bao, W. Chu, T-M Nikolsky, Y. Nikolskaya, T. Dosymbekov, D. Tsyganova, M. O. Shi, L. Fan, X. Corton, J. C. Chen, M. Cheng, Y. Tong, W. Fang, H. Bushel, P. R. TI Genomic indicators in the blood predict drug-induced liver injury SO PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE prediction; acetaminophen; blood; cross-tissue; liver injury; microarray gene expression ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; COEXPRESSED GENES; SERUM BIOMARKERS; HEPATOTOXICITY; MICROARRAY; TOXICITY; MECHANISMS; RATS; NEUTROPHILS; PHENOTYPE AB Genomic biomarkers for the detection of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) from blood are urgently needed for monitoring drug safety. We used a unique data set as part of the Food and Drug Administration led MicroArray Quality Control Phase-II (MAQC-II) project consisting of gene expression data from the two tissues (blood and liver) to test cross-tissue predictability of genomic indicators to a form of chemically induced liver injury. We then use the genomic indicators from the blood as biomarkers for prediction of acetaminophen-induced liver injury and show that the cross-tissue predictability of a response to the pharmaceutical agent (accuracy as high as 92.1%) is better than, or at least comparable to, that of non-therapeutic compounds. We provide a database of gene expression for the highly informative predictors, which brings biological context to the possible mechanisms involved in DILI. Pathway-based predictors were associated with inflammation, angiogenesis, Toll-like receptor signaling, apoptosis, and mitochondrial damage. The results show for the first time and support the hypothesis that genomic indicators in the blood can serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers predictive of DILI. The Pharmacogenomics Journal (2010) 10, 267-277; doi: 10.1038/tpj.2010.33 C1 [Chou, J. W.; Li, J.; Bushel, P. R.] NIEHS, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Huang, J.; Fan, X.; Cheng, Y.] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Pharmaceut Informat Inst, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Shi, W.; Nikolsky, Y.; Nikolskaya, T.] GeneGO, St Joseph, MI USA. [Zhang, J.; Luo, J.] Syst Analyt, Dept Bioinformat, Waltham, MA USA. [Paules, R. S.; Gerrish, K.] NIEHS, Microarray Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wolfinger, R. D.; Bao, W.; Chu, T-M] SAS, Genom Div, Cary, NC USA. [Dosymbekov, D.; Tsyganova, M. O.] Russian Acad Sci, NI Vavilov Gen Genet Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Huang, J.; Shi, L.; Fan, X.; Chen, M.; Tong, W.] US FDA, Ctr Toxicoinformat, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR USA. [Corton, J. C.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Fang, H.] US FDA, Div Bioinformat, Z Tech Corp, NCTR, Jefferson, AR USA. [Nikolskaya, T.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen Genet, Syst Biol Lab, Moscow V71, Russia. RP Bushel, PR (reprint author), NIEHS, Biostat Branch, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM bushel@niehs.nih.gov FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) at the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA); China State; Chinese Key Technologies RD Program [2005CB23402]; National Science Foundation of China at the NCTR/FDA [30801556]; Intramural Research Program of the NIH; NIEHS [Z01 ES102345-03] FX We thank the National Center for Toxicogenomics at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) for the hepatotoxicant compendium data. In addition, we thank the participants of MAQC-II for comments, feedback, and discussions on the topic of this paper during teleconferences and face-to-face project meetings. We also thank K Shockley, A Merrick, S Hester, B Ward, and D Mendrick for their critical review of the manuscript. JH acknowledge the support of the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) for the Post-graduate Research Program at the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). JH also acknowledges the support of the China State-funded Study Abroad Program that is organized by the China Scholarship Council (CSC). JH and XF both acknowledge the Chinese Key Technologies R&D Program (No. 2005CB23402) and the National Science Foundation of China (No. 30801556) for support to participate in the MAQC-II project at the NCTR/FDA. This research was supported, in part by, the Intramural Research Program of the NIH and NIEHS (Z01 ES102345-03). This document has been reviewed in accordance with the US FDA and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) policies and is approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the position or opinions of the FDA or EPA nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The findings, views, and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent or reflect the views of the FDA or EPA. NR 42 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1470-269X J9 PHARMACOGENOMICS J JI Pharmacogenomics J. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 267 EP 277 DI 10.1038/tpj.2010.33 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 636DT UT WOS:000280709100004 PM 20676066 ER PT J AU Shi, W Bessarabova, M Dosymbekov, D Dezso, Z Nikolskaya, T Dudoladova, M Serebryiskaya, T Bugrim, A Guryanov, A Brennan, RJ Shah, R Dopazo, J Chen, M Deng, Y Shi, T Jurman, G Furlanello, C Thomas, RS Corton, JC Tong, W Shi, L Nikolsky, Y AF Shi, W. Bessarabova, M. Dosymbekov, D. Dezso, Z. Nikolskaya, T. Dudoladova, M. Serebryiskaya, T. Bugrim, A. Guryanov, A. Brennan, R. J. Shah, R. Dopazo, J. Chen, M. Deng, Y. Shi, T. Jurman, G. Furlanello, C. Thomas, R. S. Corton, J. C. Tong, W. Shi, L. Nikolsky, Y. TI Functional analysis of multiple genomic signatures demonstrates that classification algorithms choose phenotype-related genes SO PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE genomic signatures; enrichment analysis; network reconstruction; biological pathways; interactome; MAQCII ID BREAST-CANCER; EXPRESSION PROFILES; BIOLOGY; DISEASE; INTERACTOME; INTEGRATION; PREDICTION; BIOMARKERS; NETWORKS; PATHWAYS AB Gene expression signatures of toxicity and clinical response benefit both safety assessment and clinical practice; however, difficulties in connecting signature genes with the predicted end points have limited their application. The Microarray Quality Control Consortium II (MAQCII) project generated 262 signatures for ten clinical and three toxicological end points from six gene expression data sets, an unprecedented collection of diverse signatures that has permitted a wide-ranging analysis on the nature of such predictive models. A comprehensive analysis of the genes of these signatures and their nonredundant unions using ontology enrichment, biological network building and interactome connectivity analyses demonstrated the link between gene signatures and the biological basis of their predictive power. Different signatures for a given end point were more similar at the level of biological properties and transcriptional control than at the gene level. Signatures tended to be enriched in function and pathway in an end point and model-specific manner, and showed a topological bias for incoming interactions. Importantly, the level of biological similarity between different signatures for a given end point correlated positively with the accuracy of the signature predictions. These findings will aid the understanding, and application of predictive genomic signatures, and support their broader application in predictive medicine. The Pharmacogenomics Journal (2010) 10, 310-323; doi: 10.1038/tpj.2010.35 C1 [Shi, W.; Dezso, Z.; Nikolskaya, T.; Bugrim, A.; Guryanov, A.; Brennan, R. J.; Nikolsky, Y.] GeneGo Inc, St Joseph, MI 49085 USA. [Bessarabova, M.; Dosymbekov, D.; Nikolskaya, T.; Dudoladova, M.; Serebryiskaya, T.; Guryanov, A.] Russian Acad Sci, NI Vavilov Gen Genet Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Shah, R.] SRA Int Inc, Durham, NC USA. [Dopazo, J.] Ctr Invest Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain. [Chen, M.; Tong, W.; Shi, L.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Deng, Y.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Shi, T.] E China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Ctr Bioinformat, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Shi, T.] E China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Inst Biomed Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Jurman, G.; Furlanello, C.] Fondaz Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy. [Thomas, R. S.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Corton, J. C.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, NHEERL, Durham, NC USA. RP Nikolsky, Y (reprint author), GeneGo Inc, 500 Renaissance Dr 106, St Joseph, MI 49085 USA. EM yuri@genego.com OI Thomas, Russell/0000-0002-2340-0301; Furlanello, Cesare/0000-0002-5384-3605; Dopazo, Joaquin/0000-0003-3318-120X; Jurman, Giuseppe/0000-0002-2705-5728 FU American Chemistry Council's Long-Range Research Initiative; Honeywell Inc. FX Dr Russell Thomas' research was supported by the American Chemistry Council's Long-Range Research Initiative and a contract by Honeywell Inc. All other authors declare no conflict of interest. NR 46 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1470-269X EI 1473-1150 J9 PHARMACOGENOMICS J JI Pharmacogenomics J. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 310 EP 323 DI 10.1038/tpj.2010.35 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 636DT UT WOS:000280709100007 PM 20676069 ER PT J AU Freyberger, A Wilson, V Weimer, M Tan, S Tran, HS Ahr, HJ AF Freyberger, Alexius Wilson, Vickie Weimer, Marc Tan, Shirlee Tran, Hoai-Son Ahr, Hans-Juergen TI Assessment of a robust model protocol with accelerated throughput for a human recombinant full length estrogen receptor-alpha binding assay: Protocol optimization and intralaboratory assay performance as initial steps towards validation SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Full length human recombinant estrogen receptor alpha; Binding assay; Screening for endocrine active compounds ID CELLS AB Despite about two decades of research in the field of endocrine active compounds, still no validated human recombinant (hr) estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha) binding assay is available, although hr-ER alpha is available from several sources. In a joint effort, US EPA and Bayer Schering Pharma with funding from the EU-sponsored 6th framework project, ReProTect, developed a model protocol for such a binding assay. Important features of this assay are the use of a full length hr-ER alpha and performance in a 96-well plate format. A full length hr-ER alpha was chosen, as it was considered to provide the most accurate and human-relevant results, whereas truncated receptors could perform differently. Besides three reference compounds [17 beta-estradiol, norethynodrel, dibutylphthalate] nine test compounds with different affinities for the ER alpha [diethylstilbestrol (DES), ethynylestradiol, meso-hexestrol, equol, genistein, o,p'-DDT, nonylphenol, n-butylparaben, and corticosterone] were used to explore the performance of the assay. Three independent experiments per compound were performed on different days, and dilutions of test compounds from deep-frozen stocks, solutions of radiolabeled ligand and receptor preparation were freshly prepared for each experiment. The ER alpha binding properties of reference and test compounds were well detected. As expected dibutylphthalate and corticosterone were non-binders in this assay. In terms of the relative ranking of binding affinities, there was good agreement with published data obtained from experiments using a human recombinant ER alpha ligand binding domain. Irrespective of the chemical nature of the compound, individual IC(50)-values for a given compound varied by not more than a factor of 2.5. Our data demonstrate that the assay was robust and reliably ranked compounds with strong, weak, and no affinity for the ER alpha with high accuracy. It avoids the manipulation and use of animals, i.e., the preparation of uterine cytosol as receptor source from ovariectomized rats, as a recombinant protein is used and thus contributes to the 3R concept (reduce, replace, and refine). Furthermore, in contrast to other assays, this assay could be adjusted to an intermediate/high throughput format. On the whole, this assay is a promising candidate for further validation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Freyberger, Alexius; Tran, Hoai-Son; Ahr, Hans-Juergen] Bayer Schering Pharma AG, BSP GDD GED GTOX Special Toxicol, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany. [Wilson, Vickie] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Toxic Assessment Div,Reprod Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Weimer, Marc] German Canc Res Ctr, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Tan, Shirlee] US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, OPPTS, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Freyberger, A (reprint author), Bayer Schering Pharma AG, BSP GDD GED GTOX Special Toxicol, Bldg 514,Aprather Weg 18, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany. EM alexius.freyberger@bayerhealthcare.com OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 FU EU [LSHB-CT-2004-503257]; [CCR.IHCP.C432976.XO] FX The authors wish to thank the OECD estrogen receptor binding group for helpful discussions. The donation of norethynodrel, genistein, and n-butylparaben by the US Environmental Protection Agency is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported in part by funding to Bayer Schering Pharma AG from the EU-sponsored project ReProTect (LSHB-CT-2004-503257). The statistical analysis (M.W.) was performed as contract work for ECVAM (contract no. CCR.IHCP.C432976.XO). NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP 50 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.01.001 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 624MK UT WOS:000279822900008 PM 20074635 ER PT J AU Maronpot, RR Yoshizawa, K Nyska, A Harada, T Flake, G Mueller, G Singh, B Ward, JM AF Maronpot, Robert R. Yoshizawa, Katsuhiko Nyska, Abraham Harada, Takanori Flake, Gordon Mueller, Gundi Singh, Bhanu Ward, Jerrold M. TI Hepatic Enzyme Induction: Histopathology SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatocellular hypertrophy; liver toxicity; hepatocellular hyperplasia; liver carcinogenesis; xenobiotic enzyme inducers; P450 ID DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; ANDROGEN CYPROTERONE-ACETATE; SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; INDUCED LIVER ENLARGEMENT; RAT-LIVER; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; RISK-ASSESSMENT; LONG-TERM; HISTOLOGICAL CHANGE; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES AB Hepatic enzyme induction is generally an adaptive response associated with increases in liver weight, induction of gene expression, and morphological changes in hepatocytes. The additive growth and functional demands that initiated the response to hepatic enzyme induction cover a wide range of stimuli including pregnancy and lactation, hormonal fluctuations, dietary constituents, infections associated with acute-phase proteins, as well as responses to exposure to xenobiotics. Common xenobiotic enzyme inducers trigger pathways involving the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and the pregnane-X-receptor (PXR). Liver enlargement in response to hepatic enzyme induction is typically associated with hepatocellular hypertrophy and often, transient hepatocyte hyperplasia. The hypertrophy may show a lobular distribution, with the pattern of lobular zonation and severity reflecting species, strain, and sex differences in addition to effects from specific xenobiotics. Toxicity and hepatocarcinogenicity may occur when liver responses exceed adaptive changes or induced enzymes generate toxic metabolites. These undesirable consequences are influenced by the type and dose of xenobiotic and show considerable species differences in susceptibility and severity that need to be understood for assessing the potential effects on human health from similar exposures to specific xenobiotics. C1 [Maronpot, Robert R.] Maronpot Consulting LLC, Raleigh, NC USA. [Yoshizawa, Katsuhiko] Kansai Med Univ, Dept Pathol 2, Osaka, Japan. [Nyska, Abraham] Tel Aviv Univ, Timrat, Israel. [Harada, Takanori] Inst Environm Toxicol, Ibaraki, Japan. [Flake, Gordon] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Mueller, Gundi] Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. [Singh, Bhanu] DuPont Haskell Global Ctr Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE USA. [Ward, Jerrold M.] Global VetPathol, Montgomery Village, MD USA. RP Maronpot, RR (reprint author), Care of Botts S, Hoffmann La Roche Inc, Toxicol & Pathol, 340 Kingsland St, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA. NR 106 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 38 IS 5 BP 776 EP 795 DI 10.1177/0192623310373778 PG 20 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 707UT UT WOS:000286314800011 PM 20585142 ER PT J AU Goodman, JI Augustine, KA Cunnningham, ML Dixon, D Dragan, YP Falls, JG Rasoulpour, RJ Sills, RC Storer, RD Wolf, DC Pettit, SD AF Goodman, Jay I. Augustine, Karen A. Cunnningham, Michael L. Dixon, Darlene Dragan, Yvonne P. Falls, James Greg Rasoulpour, Reza J. Sills, Robert C. Storer, Richard D. Wolf, Douglas C. Pettit, Syril D. TI What Do We Need to Know prior to Thinking about Incorporating an Epigenetic Evaluation into Safety Assessments?(2) SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE epigenetics; histone code; methylation; noncoding RNAs; safety assessment ID DNA METHYLATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; DISEASE; 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE; TOXICOLOGY; EPIGENOME; PATTERNS; EXPOSURE; TARGETS; ELEGANS AB The International Life Sciences Institute, Health and Environmental Sciences Institute sponsored a workshop entitled "State of the Science: Evaluating Epigenetic Changes," hosted by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 28-30 October 2009. The goal was to evaluate and enhance the scientific knowledge base regarding epigenetics and its role in disease, including potential relationships between epigenetic changes and transgenerational effects. A distinguishing aspect of the workshop was the highly interactive discussion session on the final morning. Meeting participants formed breakout groups (with representation from academia, industry, and government in each group) and were tasked with integrating their previous knowledge of epigenetics with what was learned during the workshop. The participants addressed the issue of what needs to be known prior to thinking about incorporating an epigenetic evaluation into safety assessment. To this end, the breakout groups were asked to address the following questions: (1) What model systems might be employed to evaluate the ability of a chemical to produce an epigenetic change (affecting the F1 and/or F3 generation); (2) What end points/targets might be evaluated; (3) What techniques might be employed; and (4) Regulatory Perspective: When is it appropriate to incorporate "new" science, in this case epigenetics, into the regulatory process? What does one need to know, what are the pitfalls and how might these be overcome/avoided? The basis of this paper is a synopsis of these discussions. The workshop highlighted the fact that the field of epigenetics is evolving at a very rapid pace and indicated that a great deal needs to be learned prior to being able to rationally incorporate an epigenetic evaluation into safety assessment. The value of the workshop is that it called attention to key data/knowledge gaps that should serve to focus attention on the areas where research and new thinking are needed to better understand epigenetics and its relationship to safety assessment. C1 [Goodman, Jay I.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Augustine, Karen A.] Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Discovery Toxicol, Hopewell, NJ 08543 USA. [Cunnningham, Michael L.; Sills, Robert C.] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dixon, Darlene] NIEHS, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dragan, Yvonne P.] AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE 19803 USA. [Falls, James Greg] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Safety Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Rasoulpour, Reza J.] Dow Chem Co USA, Dev & Reprod Toxicol, Midland, MI 48642 USA. [Storer, Richard D.] Merck Res Labs, Dept Invest Lab Sci, West Point, PA 19486 USA. [Wolf, Douglas C.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Pettit, Syril D.] Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, ILSI, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Goodman, JI (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, B-440 Life Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM goodman3@msu.edu NR 23 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 116 IS 2 BP 375 EP 381 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq133 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 630ZL UT WOS:000280315800003 PM 20430866 ER PT J AU Bermudez, DS Gray, LE Wilson, VS AF Bermudez, Dieldrich S. Gray, Leon E., Jr. Wilson, Vickie S. TI Modeling the Interaction of Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Estradiol with Bisphenol A and Bisphenol AF in an In Vitro Estrogen-Mediated Transcriptional Activation Assay (T47D-KBluc) SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE in vitro; mixtures; estradiol; bisphenol A; mixtures; bisphenol AF ID TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; UMBILICAL-CORD BLOOD; CANCER CELL-LINE; UTEROTROPHIC ASSAY; CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; RECEPTOR-BINDING; DEVELOPING BRAIN; RISK-ASSESSMENT; MECHANISMS AB Exposure to xenoestrogens occurs against a backdrop to physiological levels of endogenous estrogens. Endogenous estrogen levels vary from low levels in early childhood to high levels during pregnancy and in young women. However, few studies have addressed how xenoestrogens interact with endogenous estrogens. The current study was designed to characterize the individual dose-response curves of estradiol-17 beta (E(2)), bisphenol A (BPA), tetrabromo-bisphenol A (TBBPA), and bisphenol AF (BPAF, 4,4'-hexafluoroisopropylidene diphenol) on estrogen-dependent luciferase expression in T47D-KBluc cells and to determine how binary (8 x 8 factorial) and ternary (4 x 4 x 4 factorial) mixtures of an endogenous estrogen (E(2)) interact with BPA and/or BPAF. Log EC(50) and hillslope values with SEs, respectively, for individual compounds were as follows: E(2), -12.10M +/- 0.06071, 0.7702 +/- 0.1739; BPA, -6.679M +/- 0.08505, 1.194 +/- 0.2137; and BPAF, -7.648M +/- 0.05527, 1.273 +/- 0.1739. TBBPA was not evaluated in mixture studies because of its minimally estrogenic response at 3 x10(-5)M and elicited cytotoxicity at higher concentrations. Both the binary mixtures of E(2) with BPA and BPAF and the ternary mixture of E(2), BPA, and BPAF behaved in an additive manner. For binary mixtures, as E(2) concentration increased, higher concentrations of BPA and BPAF were necessary to induce a significant increase in the estrogenic response. Understanding the behavior of mixture interactions of xenoestrogens, like BPA and BPAF, with endogenous estrogens will allow a better assessment of the potential risk associated with exposure to these chemicals, individually or as mixtures. C1 [Bermudez, Dieldrich S.; Gray, Leon E., Jr.; Wilson, Vickie S.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Branch, Toxic Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bermudez, Dieldrich S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Branch, Toxic Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gray.earl@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 FU North Carolina State University/Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Training Program in Environmental Sciences Research [CT833235-01-0]; NTP/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/EPA Interagency [RW75-92285501-1] FX North Carolina State University/Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Training Program in Environmental Sciences Research (Training Agreement CT833235-01-0 with North Carolina State University and the NTP/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/EPA Interagency RW75-92285501-1). NR 42 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 116 IS 2 BP 477 EP 487 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq156 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 630ZL UT WOS:000280315800012 PM 20498000 ER PT J AU Nahlik, AM Mitsch, WJ AF Nahlik, Amanda M. Mitsch, William J. TI Methane Emissions From Created Riverine Wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Olentangy River Wetland Research Park; Temperate climate wetlands; Wetland creation; Wetland methane (CH4) emission ID CARBON BALANCE; WATER REGIME; RICE; PEATLANDS; EXCHANGE; MARSHES; FLUX; CH4; USA; MACROPHYTES AB We measured methane emissions over a two-year period (2006-08) from two 12 to 14-year-old created freshwater marshes in central Ohio, one initially planted and the other allowed to self-colonize. Overall, methane emissions in the two created wetlands were different (p < 0.05), with the plant self-colonized wetland having higher annual methane (median and mean) emissions of 19 and 68 g CH4-C m(-2) y(-1) than the planted wetland (6 and 17 g CH4-C m(-2) y(-1)). Since hydrology and soil/water temperature were identical for the two wetlands, we hypothesize that differences in carbon accumulation due to higher net primary productivity in the self-colonized wetland may be causing higher methane emissions in that wetland. Net primary productivity in the self-colonized wetland was higher 7 out of 11 years prior to the study. Methane emissions from the created wetlands were lower than the average methane emission of 82 g CH4-C m(-2) y(-1) in a natural wetland in Ohio with similar hydrologic patterns. Methane emissions increased at a slower rate in the planted wetland (4 g CH4-C m(-2) y(-1)) than in the self-colonized wetland (16 g CH4-C m(-2) y(-1)) over a four-year period. Early methane emissions from created wetlands may depend as much or more on the methods used to create the wetlands, e.g. planting v. self colonization, as on their hydrogeomorphic conditions. C1 [Nahlik, Amanda M.; Mitsch, William J.] Ohio State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. [Nahlik, Amanda M.; Mitsch, William J.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. RP Nahlik, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM nahlik.amanda@epa.gov; mitsch.1@osu.edu OI Mitsch, William/0000-0001-8348-3172 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) [EM83329801-0]; Wilma H. Schiermeier Olentangy River Wetland Research Park; Ohio State University FX We thank Anne Altor, Kyle Chambers, Chris Cooley, Blanca Bernal Martinez, Eric Emerson, Dan Fink, Maria Hernandez, Chen Huang, Matt McCaw, Lukas Moe, Monica Noon, Abby Rokosch, Keunyea Song, Evan Waletzko, Ryan Younge, and Dr. Li Zhang for all their teamwork in the field. Dr. Nick Basta, Dr. Richard Dick, Dr. Jay Martin, two anonymous reviewers, and Teresa Magee provided comments that improved this manuscript. Thank you to Dave Klarer and Frank Lopez at Old Woman Creek for all their hospitality and assistance at their wetland site. Funding for this project came from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA Agreement EM83329801-0), the Wilma H. Schiermeier Olentangy River Wetland Research Park, and the Environmental Science Graduate Program at The Ohio State University. Olentangy River Wetland Research Park publication number 2010-003. NR 48 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD AUG PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 783 EP 793 DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0038-6 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 646TG UT WOS:000281565300014 ER PT J AU Nesnow, S Nelson, G Padgett, WT George, MH Moore, T King, LC Adams, LD Ross, JA AF Nesnow, Stephen Nelson, Garret Padgett, William T. George, Michael H. Moore, Tanya King, Leon C. Adams, Linda D. Ross, Jeffrey A. TI Lack of contribution of covalent benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-quinone-DNA adducts in benzo[a]pyrene-induced mouse lung tumorigenesis SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Benzo[a]pyrene; Diol epoxide; Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-quinone; DNA adducts ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RAS ONCOGENE MUTATIONS; BRONCHOALVEOLAR H358 CELLS; KETO REDUCTASE 1A1; DNA-ADDUCTS; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; O-QUINONES; PROTEIN ADDUCTS; COMPETING ROLES; P53 MUTATIONS AB Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a potent human and rodent lung carcinogen. This activity has been ascribed in part to the formation of anti-trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydroB[a]P-9,10-epoxide (BPDE)-DNA adducts. Other carcinogenic mechanisms have been proposed: (1) the induction of apurinic sites from radical cation processes, and (2) the metabolic formation of B[a]P-7,8-quinone (BPQ) that can form covalent DNA adducts or reactive oxygen species which can damage DNA. The studies presented here sought to examine the role of stable BPQ-DNA adducts in B[a]P-induced mouse lung tumorigenesis. Male strain A/J mice were injected intraperitoneally once with BPQ or trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydroB[a]P (BP-7,8-diol) at 30, 10, 3, or 0 mg/kg. Lungs and livers were harvested after 24 h, the DNA extracted and subjected to (32)P-postlabeling analysis. Additional groups of mice were closed once with BPQ or BP-7,8-diol each at 30 mg/kg and tissues harvested 48 and 72h later, or with B[a]P (50 mg/kg, a tumorigenic dose) and tissues harvested 72h later. No BPQ or any other DNA adducts were observed in lung or liver tissues 24, 48, or 72 h after the treatment with 30 mg/kg BPQ. BP-7,8-diol gave BPDE-DNA adducts at all time points in both tissues and B[a]P treatment gave BPDE-DNA adducts in the lung. In each case, no BPQ-DNA adducts were detected. Mouse body weights significantly decreased over time after BPQ or BP-7,8-diol treatments suggesting that systemic toxicity was induced by both agents. Model studies with BPQ and N-acetylcysteine suggested that BPQ is rapidly inactivated by sulfhydryl-containing compounds and not available for DNA adduction. We conclude that under these treatment conditions BPQ does not form stable covalent DNA adducts in the lungs or livers of strain A/J mice, suggesting that stable BPQ-covalent adducts are not a part of the complex of mechanisms involved in B[a]P-induced mouse lung tumorigenesis. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Nesnow, Stephen; Nelson, Garret; Padgett, William T.; George, Michael H.; Moore, Tanya; King, Leon C.; Adams, Linda D.; Ross, Jeffrey A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nesnow, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM nesnow.stephen@epa.gov OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 186 IS 2 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.03.037 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 622EW UT WOS:000279644900008 PM 20346927 ER PT J AU Lee, TR Wilkin, RT AF Lee, Tony R. Wilkin, Richard T. TI Iron hydroxy carbonate formation in zerovalent iron permeable reactive barriers: Characterization and evaluation of phase stability SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Permeable reactive barrier; Zerovalent iron; Chukanovite; Iron hydroxy carbonate ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE; GRANULAR IRON; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MINERAL PRECIPITATION; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; CORROSION; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; DEGRADATION AB Predicting the long-term potential of permeable reactive barriers for treating contaminated groundwater relies on understanding the endpoints of biogeochemical reactions between influent groundwater and the reactive medium. Iron hydroxy carbonate (chukanovite) is frequently observed as a secondary mineral precipitate in granular iron PRBs Mineralogical characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy on materials collected from three field-based PRBs in the US (East Helena, MT, Elizabeth City. NC: Denver Federal Center, CO). These PRBs were installed to treat a range of contaminants, including chlorinated organics, hexavalent chromium, and arsenic Results obtained indicate that chukanovite is a prevalent secondary precipitate in the PRBs Laboratory experiments on high-purity chukanovite separates were carried out to constrain the room-temperature solubility for this mineral An estimated Gibbs energy of formation (Delta(r)G(o)) for chukanovite is -1174 4 +/- 6 kJ/mol A mineral stability diagram is consistent with observations from the field Water chemistry from the three reactive barriers falls inside the predicted stability field for chukanovite, at inorganic carbon concentrations intermediate to the stability fields of siderite and ferrous hydroxide These new data will aid in developing better predictive models of mineral accumulation in zerovalent iron PRBs. Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Lee, Tony R.; Wilkin, Richard T.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Wilkin, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank B. Scroggins and P Clark for field soil core assistance. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded the research described here. It has not been subjected to agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. MR-CAT operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the MR-CAT member institutions. Additionally the authors would like to thank Soma Chattopadhyay and Tomohiro Shibata for their assistance with the XAS data collection and an anonymous reviewer for providing constructive comments. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 116 IS 1-4 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2010.05.009 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 633UQ UT WOS:000280532600005 PM 20554346 ER PT J AU Cassano, A Manganaro, A Martin, T Young, D Piclin, N Pintore, M Bigoni, D Benfenati, E AF Cassano, Antonio Manganaro, Alberto Martin, Todd Young, Douglas Piclin, Nadege Pintore, Marco Bigoni, Davide Benfenati, Emilio TI CAESAR models for developmental toxicity SO CHEMISTRY CENTRAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Background: The new REACH legislation requires assessment of a large number of chemicals in the European market for several endpoints. Developmental toxicity is one of the most difficult endpoints to assess, on account of the complexity, length and costs of experiments. Following the encouragement of QSAR (in silico) methods provided in the REACH itself, the CAESAR project has developed several models. Results: Two QSAR models for developmental toxicity have been developed, using different statistical/mathematical methods. Both models performed well. The first makes a classification based on a random forest algorithm, while the second is based on an adaptive fuzzy partition algorithm. The first model has been implemented and inserted into the CAESAR on-line application, which is java-based software that allows everyone to freely use the models. Conclusions: The CAESAR QSAR models have been developed with the aim to minimize false negatives in order to make them more usable for REACH. The CAESAR on-line application ensures that both industry and regulators can easily access and use the developmental toxicity model (as well as the models for the other four endpoints). C1 [Cassano, Antonio; Manganaro, Alberto; Benfenati, Emilio] Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Lab Chem & Environm Toxicol, Milan, Italy. [Martin, Todd; Young, Douglas] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Piclin, Nadege; Pintore, Marco] BioChem Consulting, BCX, Olivet, France. RP Benfenati, E (reprint author), Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Lab Chem & Environm Toxicol, Milan, Italy. EM emilio.benfenati@marionegri.it FU EC FX Our acknowledges go to the EC funded CAESAR project. We thank in particular the following colleagues: Prof M. Cronin and Dr S. Enoch, LJMU, Liverpool, UK, for checking data; Dr R. Kuhne, UFZ, Leipzig, Germany, for splitting the data into the training and validation sets; Dr H. Buist, TNO, The Netherlands, for toxicological assessment of the data; Dr. F. Lemke, KnowledgeMiner, Berlin, for selection of the chemical descriptors. NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 15 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1752-153X J9 CHEM CENT J JI Chem. Cent. J. PD JUL 29 PY 2010 VL 4 SU 1 AR S4 DI 10.1186/1752-153X-4-S1-S4 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V22YB UT WOS:000208309400005 PM 20678183 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Park, Y Huang, X Hollenbeck, A Blair, A Schatzkin, A Chen, H AF Xu, Q. Park, Y. Huang, X. Hollenbeck, A. Blair, A. Schatzkin, A. Chen, H. TI Physical activities and future risk of Parkinson disease SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID URIC-ACID LEVELS; ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; ACTIVITY SCALE; PLASMA URATE; ELDERLY PASE; LIMB-USE; EXERCISE; DIET; HEALTH; MORTALITY AB Objective: To prospectively investigate the relationship between physical activity and Parkinson disease (PD). Methods: We evaluated physical activity in relation to PD among 213,701 participants of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort. Physical activities over 4 periods (ages 15-18, 19-29, and 35-39, and in the past 10 years) were noted in 1996-1997, and physician-diagnosed PD was reported on the 2004-2006 follow-up questionnaire. Only cases diagnosed after 2000 (n = 767) were included in the analyses. Results: Higher levels of moderate to vigorous activities at ages 35-39 or in the past 10 years as reported in 1996-1997 were associated with lower PD occurrence after 2000 with significant dose-response relationships. The multivariate odds ratios (OR) between the highest vs the lowest levels were 0.62 (95% CI confidence interval [CI] 0.48-0.81, p for trend 0.005) for ages 35-39 and 0.65 (95% CI 0.51-0.83, p for trend 0.0001) for in the past 10 years. Further analyses showed that individuals with consistent and frequent participation in moderate to vigorous activities in both periods had approximately a 40% lower risk than those who were inactive in both periods. Moderate to vigorous activities at earlier ages or light activities were not associated with PD. Finally, the association between higher moderate to vigorous physical activities and lower PD risk was demonstrated in a metaanalysis of prospective studies. Conclusions: Although we cannot exclude the possibility that less participation in physical activity is an early marker of PD, epidemiologic evidence suggests that moderate to vigorous exercise may protect against PD. Neurology (R) 2010;75:341-348 C1 [Xu, Q.; Chen, H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Park, Y.; Schatzkin, A.] Natl Canc Inst, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Rockville, MD USA. [Blair, A.] Natl Canc Inst, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Rockville, MD USA. [Huang, X.] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, X.] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, X.] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, X.] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, X.] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Kinesiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, X.] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Bioengn, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Hollenbeck, A.] AARP, Washington, DC USA. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233,Mail Drop A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM chenh2@niehs.nih.gov OI Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779; Park, Yikyung/0000-0002-6281-489X FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES-101986]; National Cancer Institute [Z01 CP010196-02] FX Supported by the intramural research program of the NIH, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES-101986), and the National Cancer Institute (Z01 CP010196-02). Dr. Xu and Dr. Park report no disclosures. Dr. Huang has served as a consultant for Easton Associate, Public Healthcare, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; holds patent US 6,916,823 (issued 2005): Method of treatment of dopamine-related dysfunction (plus foreign patents) and has filed a patent regarding Early detection of Parkinson's disease using novel motor signs; receives research support from the NIH/NINDS (NS060722 [ PI]), the Pennsylvania Tobacco Settlement Fund, and Huck Institute of Penn State University; and holds stock in BioValve Technologies, Inc. Dr. Hollenbeck serves on the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Love/Avon Army of Women and is a full-time salaried employee of AARP. Dr. Blair is a Scientist Emeritus at the National Cancer Institute and serves on the editorial advisory boards of the Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health, the American Journal of Industrial Medicine, and the Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health; and served as the Interim Director of the Occupational Cancer Research Centre in Toronto, Canada. Dr. Schatzkin is an employee of the NIH National Cancer Institute and serves as Principal Investigator of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Dr. Chen receives NIH intramural funding (Z01-ES-101986) and serves on the editorial board of the International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics. NR 32 TC 82 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JUL 27 PY 2010 VL 75 IS 4 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181ea1597 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 631KU UT WOS:000280346400010 PM 20660864 ER PT J AU Ma, X Wigington, B Bouchard, D AF Ma, Xin Wigington, Bethany Bouchard, Dermont TI Fullerene C-60: Surface Energy and Interfacial Interactions in Aqueous Systems SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID INVERSE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COLLOIDAL SOLUTIONS; WATER; NANOPARTICLES; SOLUBILITY; EXTRACTION; COMPONENTS; POWDERS; SAMPLES AB The underlying mechanisms of fullerene-fullerene, fullerene-water, and fullerene-soil surface interactions in aqueous systems are not well understood. To advance our understanding of these interfacial interactions, the surface properties of Buckminsterfullerene (C-60) and quartz surfaces were investigated. From application of the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model and the Young-Dupre equation, the Lifshitz-van der Waals, acid-base, and the total surface energies of C-60 powder and quartz surfaces were calculated from contact angle measurements using the sessile drop technique. C-60 powder measurements indicate low to medium energy surfaces of 41.7 mJ/m(2) with a dominant Lifshitz-van der Waals component. In aqueous systems, hydrophobic attraction due to the high cohesion of water is the driving force for C-60 aggregation. The high free energy of hydration (Delta G(pw)(total) = -90.5 mJ/m(2)) indicates the high affinity of C-60 particles for water. Hamaker constants of 4.02 x 10(-21) J (A(pwp)) and 2.59 x 10(-21) J (A(pws)) were derived for C-60-C-60 and C-60-quartz interactions in aqueous systems. The results of this study indicate that surface energy is an important physical parameter that should be considered as a basic characterization property of fullerene nanomaterials. C1 [Ma, Xin; Bouchard, Dermont] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Bouchard, D (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM bouchard.dermont@epa.gov NR 39 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 20 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 14 BP 11886 EP 11893 DI 10.1021/la101109h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 623QK UT WOS:000279756700041 PM 20521798 ER PT J AU Boyes, W AF Boyes, W. TI Visual effects of exposure to volatile organic solvents in an animal model SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Boyes, W.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 2010 VL 196 SU S BP S3 EP S3 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.030 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA V25II UT WOS:000208471300009 ER PT J AU Crofton, K AF Crofton, K. TI Screening for developmental neurotoxicity: Past and future SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Crofton, K.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 2010 VL 196 SU S BP S22 EP S22 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.105 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA V25II UT WOS:000208471300067 ER PT J AU Shipp, E Lowit, A AF Shipp, E. Lowit, A. TI WHO framework case study: Carbamates SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lowit, A.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 2010 VL 196 SU S BP S35 EP S35 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.156 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA V25II UT WOS:000208471300108 ER PT J AU Davis, CA Pyrak-Nolte, LJ Atekwana, EA Werkema, DD Haugen, ME AF Davis, Caroline A. Pyrak-Nolte, Laura J. Atekwana, Estella A. Werkema, Douglas D., Jr. Haugen, Marisa E. TI Acoustic and electrical property changes due to microbial growth and biofilm formation in porous media SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ACCUMULATION; SEDIMENTS; SCALE; SHEAR; SAND AB A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the effect of microbial growth and biofilm formation on compressional waves, and complex conductivity during stimulated microbial growth. Over the 29 day duration of the experiment, compressional wave amplitudes and arrival times for the control (nonbiostimulated) sample were observed to be relatively uniform over the scanned 2-D region. However, the biostimulated sample exhibited a high degree of spatial variability in both the amplitude and arrival times, with portions of the sample exhibiting increased attenuation (similar to 80%) concurrent with an increase in the arrival times, while other portions exhibited decreased attenuation (similar to 45%) and decreased arrival times. The acoustic amplitude and arrival times changed significantly in the biostimulated column between days 5 and 7 of the experiment, consistent with a peak in the imaginary conductivity (sigma '') values. The sigma '' response is interpreted as recording the different stages of biofilm development with peak sigma '' representing maximum biofilm thickness and decreasing sigma '' representing cell death or detachment. Environmental scanning electron microscope imaging confirmed microbial cell attachment to sand surfaces and showed apparent differences in the morphology of attached biomass between regions of increased and decreased attenuation. The heterogeneity in the elastic properties arises from the differences in the morphology and structure of attached biofilms. These results suggest that combining acoustic imaging and complex conductivity techniques can provide a powerful tool for assessing microbial growth or biofilm formation and the associated changes in porous media, such as those that occur during bioremediation and microbial enhanced oil recovery. C1 [Davis, Caroline A.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Atekwana, Estella A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Boone Pickens Sch Geol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Pyrak-Nolte, Laura J.; Haugen, Marisa E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pyrak-Nolte, Laura J.; Haugen, Marisa E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Werkema, Douglas D., Jr.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Davis, CA (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM estella.atekwana@okstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0729642, EAR 0722410, EAR 0525316]; REU [0552918]; EPA Student Services [EP07D000660]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DEFG02-97ER14785 08] FX This material is based in part on work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants OCE-0729642, EAR 0722410 (MRI), EAR 0525316, and REU award 0552918, and EPA Student Services contract EP07D000660. L.J.P.N. would like to acknowledge support from Geosciences Research Program, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DEFG02-97ER14785 08). S. Pamp and T. Tolker-Nielsen provided the Pseudomonas PAO1 Tn7-Gm-gfp strain to S. Rossbach, and we thank S. Rossbach for helpful discussions on growing the bacteria. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for presentation, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by EPA for use. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUL 16 PY 2010 VL 115 AR G00G06 DI 10.1029/2009JG001143 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 627NX UT WOS:000280047700005 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Garcia-Reyero, N Martinovic, D Cavallin, JE Mueller, ND Wehmas, LC Kahl, MD Linnum, AL Perkins, EJ Ankley, GT AF Villeneuve, Daniel L. Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Martinovic, Dalma Cavallin, Jenna E. Mueller, Nathaniel D. Wehmas, Leah C. Kahl, Michael D. Linnum, Anne L. Perkins, Edward J. Ankley, Gerald T. TI Influence of ovarian stage on transcript profiles in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) ovary tissue SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oogenesis; Toxicogenomics; Reproduction; Histology ID AROMATASE INHIBITOR FADROZOLE; TERM REPRODUCTION ASSAY; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; GENE-EXPRESSION; SELENOPROTEIN-P; GRANULOSA-CELLS; OOCYTE GROWTH; FISH; PROTEIN; LOCALIZATION AB Interpretation of toxicogenomic experiments conducted with ovary tissue from asynchronous-spawning small fish species is complicated by background variation in the relative abundance and proportion of follicles at different stages within the ovary tissue sample. This study employed both real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and a 15,000 gene oligonucleotide microarray to examine variation in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) ovarian transcriptional profile as a function of quantitative and qualitative differences in ovarian histology. The objectives were to provide data that could potentially aid interpretation of future toxicogenomics experiments, identify putative stage-related transcriptional markers, and generate insights into basic biological regulation of asynchronous oocyte development. Multiple lines of evidence from the present study indicate that variation in the transcriptional profile is primarily dependent on the relative abundance of previtellogenic versus vitellogenic follicles in the ovary. Due to the relatively small proportions of mature ovulated follicles or atretic follicles in the overall follicle population, few potential transcriptional markers of maturation, ovulation, or atresia could be identified. However, among the 460 differentially expressed genes identified in the present study, several targets, including HtrA serine peptidase 3 (htra3), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (timp3), aquaporin 8 (aqp8), transgelin 2 like (tagln2), Nedd4 family interacting protein 2 (ndfip2), chemokine ligand 12a (cxcl12a), midkine-related growth factor (mdka), and jagged 1b (jag 1b) exhibited responses and functional properties that support them as candidate molecular markers of significant shift in gross ovarian stage. Genes associated with a diversity of functions including cellular development, morphogenesis, coated vesicle transport, sexual reproduction, and neuron development, among others, were statistically enriched within the list of 460 genes differentially expressed among different ovarian classes. Overall, results of this study provide insights into background variation in ovary transcript profiles that should aid and enhance the interpretation of toxicogenomic data generated in experiments conducted with small, asynchronous-spawning fish species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Martinovic, Dalma; Cavallin, Jenna E.; Mueller, Nathaniel D.; Wehmas, Leah C.; Kahl, Michael D.; Linnum, Anne L.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Martinovic, Dalma] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Perkins, Edward J.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39108 USA. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov RI Mueller, Nathaniel/E-5864-2010; OI Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 FU US EPA National Center for Computational Toxicology; US Army Corps of Engineers FX The authors thank Lynn Escalon for technical assistance with microarray hybridizations. The microarrays used in the present study were designed and annotated by Dr. Nancy Denslow and Dr. Li Liu of the University of Florida. Dr. Liu and colleagues also conducted reciprocal best hit analyses to identify homologous features between the fathead minnow microarray (CEO accession GPL9248) and the zebrafish microarray used by Villeneuve et al. (2009b). We thank Dr. Rodney Johnson and Dr. Chris Martyniuk for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was supported in part by the US EPA National Center for Computational Toxicology and the Army Environmental Quality Program of the US Army Corps of Engineers. The manuscript has been reviewed in accordance with US EPA and US ACE guidelines and approved for publication. Approval does not indicate that the contents reflect the views of either Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 51 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 98 IS 4 BP 354 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.03.006 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 613MG UT WOS:000278982800006 PM 20363515 ER PT J AU Choi, H Al-Abed, SR AF Choi, Hyeok Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI Effect of reaction environments on the reactivity of PCB (2-chlorobiphenyl) over activated carbon impregnated with palladized iron SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Polychlorinated biphenyls; Reactive activated carbon; Palladized iron; Reaction environments; Implementation issue ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; TCE DECHLORINATION; CORROSION; FE/PD; GROUNDWATER; ADSORPTION; REDUCTION; OXIDATION; CATALYSTS; BARRIER AB Reactive activated carbon (RAC) impregnated with palladized iron nanoparticles has been developed to treat polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this study, we evaluated the effects of various reaction environments on the adsorption-mediated dechlorination of 2-chlorobiphenyl (2-CIBP) in the RAC system. The results were discussed in close connection to the implementation issue of the RAC system for the remediation of contaminated sites with PCBs. Adsorption event of 2-CIBP onto RAC limited the overall performance under condition with a 2-CIBP/RAC mass ratio of less than 1.0 x 10(-4) above which dechlorination of 2-CIBP adsorbed to RAC was the reaction rate-determining step. Acidic and basic conditions were harmful to 2-CIBP adsorption and iron stability while neutral pH showed the highest adsorption-promoted dechlorination of 2-CIBP and negligible metal leaching. Coexisting natural organic matter (NOM) slightly inhibited 2-CIBP adsorption onto RAC due to the partial partitioning of 2-CIBP into NOM in the liquid phase while the 2-CIBP absorbed into NOM, which also tended to adsorb onto RAC, was less available for the dechlorination reaction. Common anions slowed down 2-CIBP adsorption but adsorbed 2-CIBP was almost simultaneously dechlorinated. Some exceptions included strong inhibitory effect of carbonate species on 2-CIBP adsorption and severe detrimental effect of sulfite on 2-CIBP dechlorination. Results on treatment of 2-CIBP spiked to actual sediment supernatants implied site-specific reactivity of RAC. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Choi, Hyeok] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio FX This research was funded and conducted by the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio. This paper has not been subjected to internal policy review of the U.S. EPA. Therefore, the research results do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency or its policy. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Donation of the GAC by Norit Americas Inc. is appreciated. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 8 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 179 IS 1-3 BP 869 EP 874 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.085 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 609AI UT WOS:000278626700117 PM 20388583 ER PT J AU Markert, JA Champlin, DM Gutjahr-Gobell, R Grear, JS Kuhn, A McGreevy, TJ Roth, A Bagley, MJ Nacci, DE AF Markert, Jeffrey A. Champlin, Denise M. Gutjahr-Gobell, Ruth Grear, Jason S. Kuhn, Anne McGreevy, Thomas J., Jr. Roth, Annette Bagley, Mark J. Nacci, Diane E. TI Population genetic diversity and fitness in multiple environments SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INBREEDING DEPRESSION; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; HETEROZYGOSITY; ADAPTATION; BIOLOGY; STRESS; GROWTH; SIZE; VARIABILITY AB Background: When a large number of alleles are lost from a population, increases in individual homozygosity may reduce individual fitness through inbreeding depression. Modest losses of allelic diversity may also negatively impact long-term population viability by reducing the capacity of populations to adapt to altered environments. However, it is not clear how much genetic diversity within populations may be lost before populations are put at significant risk. Development of tools to evaluate this relationship would be a valuable contribution to conservation biology. To address these issues, we have created an experimental system that uses laboratory populations of an estuarine crustacean, Americamysis bahia with experimentally manipulated levels of genetic diversity. We created replicate cultures with five distinct levels of genetic diversity and monitored them for 16 weeks in both permissive (ambient seawater) and stressful conditions (diluted seawater). The relationship between molecular genetic diversity at presumptive neutral loci and population vulnerability was assessed by AFLP analysis. Results: Populations with very low genetic diversity demonstrated reduced fitness relative to high diversity populations even under permissive conditions. Population performance decreased in the stressful environment for all levels of genetic diversity relative to performance in the permissive environment. Twenty percent of the lowest diversity populations went extinct before the end of the study in permissive conditions, whereas 73% of the low diversity lines went extinct in the stressful environment. All high genetic diversity populations persisted for the duration of the study, although population sizes and reproduction were reduced under stressful environmental conditions. Levels of fitness varied more among replicate low diversity populations than among replicate populations with high genetic diversity. There was a significant correlation between AFLP diversity and population fitness overall; however, AFLP markers performed poorly at detecting modest but consequential losses of genetic diversity. High diversity lines in the stressful environment showed some evidence of relative improvement as the experiment progressed while the low diversity lines did not. Conclusions: The combined effects of reduced average fitness and increased variability contributed to increased extinction rates for very low diversity populations. More modest losses of genetic diversity resulted in measurable decreases in population fitness; AFLP markers did not always detect these losses. However when AFLP markers indicated lost genetic diversity, these losses were associated with reduced population fitness. C1 [Markert, Jeffrey A.; Champlin, Denise M.; Gutjahr-Gobell, Ruth; Grear, Jason S.; Kuhn, Anne; McGreevy, Thomas J., Jr.; Nacci, Diane E.] US EPA, Populat Ecol Branch, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. [Markert, Jeffrey A.; Roth, Annette; Bagley, Mark J.] US EPA, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [McGreevy, Thomas J., Jr.] Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Inst, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Markert, Jeffrey A.] US Geol Survey, San Diego Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Markert, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Populat Ecol Branch, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI USA. EM jeffreymarkert@gmail.com OI Kuhn, Anne/0000-0003-4935-6692 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division [AED-07-102] FX We appreciate the helpful advice from reviewers of early drafts, including Dina Proestou (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), John Darling (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), and Rebecca Brown (University of Rhode Island). Animal collection was supported by welcome advice and assistance from Sandy Raimondo (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Suzy Ayvazian, Danielle Duquette, Peg Pelletier, Mark Tagliabue, Glen Thursby, Jon Serbst, and Sarah Winnicki all helped count or culture animals while Suzanne Jackson helped support the AFLP genotyping efforts. This is contribution number AED-07-102 of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, which partially supported this research. This manuscript has been reviewed and approved for publication by the U.S. EPA. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S. EPA. Mention of trade names, products, or services does not convey, and should not be interpreted as conveying, official U.S. EPA approval, endorsement, or recommendation. NR 52 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 69 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD JUL 7 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 205 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-10-205 PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 631SZ UT WOS:000280369600001 PM 20609254 ER PT J AU Fessler, MB Jaramillo, R Crockett, PW Zeldin, DC AF Fessler, M. B. Jaramillo, R. Crockett, P. W. Zeldin, D. C. TI Relationship of serum cholesterol levels to atopy in the US population SO ALLERGY LA English DT Article DE atopy; cholesterol; high density lipoprotein; immunoglobulin E; low density lipoprotein ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HDL CHOLESTEROL; LIPOPROTEINS; ADULTS; LIPIDS; LDL; APOLIPOPROTEINS; ALLERGY AB P>Background: Cholesterol promotes Th2 immunity and allergic inflammation in rodents; whether this occurs in humans is unclear. Reports of both direct and inverse associations between serum cholesterol and atopy in different populations suggest that race and/or other demographic variables may modify these relationships. Aims of the study: To determine the relationships between levels of three serum cholesterol measures [total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C] and atopy in a sample representative of the US population. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 6854 participants aged >= 6 years from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results: In the overall population, adjusted odds ratios (AORs) per two-standard deviation increase in TC and non-HDL-C for biochemical atopy (defined as >= 1 allergen-specific IgE to 19 allergens) were 1.17 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-1.38] and 1.19 (95% CI, 1.03-1.39), respectively. Interactions by race were noted for the two relationships (interaction P = 0.004 and P = 0.009, respectively) with non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) having direct relationships [TC: AOR 1.27 (95% CI, 1.03-1.57); non-HDL-C: AOR 1.27 (95% CI, 1.03-1.56)] and non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) inverse relationships [TC: AOR 0.77 (95% CI, 0.62-0.95); non-HDL-C: AOR 0.86 (95% CI, 0.69-1.08)]. The adjusted HDL-C-atopy relationship was nonsignificant for NHWs and inverse for NHBs [AOR 0.77 (95% CI, 0.61-0.96)]. Relationships were independent of body mass index and serum C-reactive protein and unmodified by corticosteroid or statin usage. Results were similar using current hay fever/allergy as the atopy outcome. Conclusions: There are marked inter-racial differences in the relationship between serum cholesterol and atopy in the US population. C1 [Fessler, M. B.; Zeldin, D. C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Jaramillo, R.; Crockett, P. W.] SRA Int, Durham, NC USA. RP Fessler, MB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233,Maildrop D2-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fesslerm@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES102005, Z01 ES025041] FX This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01 ES102005 and Z01 ES025041). NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0105-4538 J9 ALLERGY JI Allergy PD JUL PY 2010 VL 65 IS 7 BP 859 EP 864 DI 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02287.x PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 604QP UT WOS:000278293900006 PM 20015326 ER PT J AU Leon, LR Gordon, CJ Helwig, BG Rufolo, DM Blaha, MD AF Leon, Lisa R. Gordon, Christopher J. Helwig, Bryan G. Rufolo, Dennis M. Blaha, Michael D. TI Thermoregulatory, behavioral, and metabolic responses to heatstroke in a conscious mouse model SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat stress; fever; hypothermia; poikilothermia; metabolism ID HEAT-STROKE; OLD RATS; MICE; TEMPERATURE; FEVER; POIKILOTHERMIA; MECHANISMS; RECOVERY; YOUNG; TIME AB Leon LR, Gordon CJ, Helwig BG, Rufolo DM, Blaha MD. Thermoregulatory, behavioral, and metabolic responses to heatstroke in a conscious mouse model. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 299: R241-R248, 2010. First published April 28, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00309.2009.-The typical core temperature (T(c)) profile displayed during heatstroke (HS) recovery consists of initial hypothermia followed by delayed hyperthermia. Anecdotal observations led to the conclusion that these Tc responses represent thermoregulatory dysfunction as a result of brain damage. We hypothesized that these Tc responses are mediated by a change in the temperature setpoint. T(c) (+/- 0.1 degrees C; radiotelemetry) of male C57BL/6J mice was monitored while they were housed in a temperature gradient with ambient temperature (T(a)) range of 20-39 degrees C to monitor behaviorally selected T(a) (T(s)) or an indirect calorimeter (T(a) = 25 degrees C) to monitor metabolism ((V) over dotO(2)) and calculate respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Responses to mild and severe HS (thermal area 249.6 +/- 18.9 vs. 299.4 +/- 19.3 degrees C.min, respectively) were examined through 48 h of recovery. An initial hypothermia following mild HS was associated with warm T(s) (similar to 32 degrees C), similar to 35% (V) over dotO(2) decrease, and RER similar to 0.71 that indicated reliance on fatty acid oxidation. After 24 h, mild HS mice developed hyperthermia associated with warm T(s) (similar to 32 degrees C), similar to 20% (V) over dotO(2) increase, and RER similar to 0.85. Severe HS mice appeared poikilothermic-like in the temperature gradient with T(c) similar to T(s) (similar to 20 degrees C), and these mice failed to recover from hypothermia and develop delayed hyperthermia. Cellular damage (hematoxylin and eosin staining) was undetectable in the hypothalamus or other brain regions in severe HS mice. Overall, decreases and increases in T(c) were associated with behavioral and autonomic thermoeffectors that suggest HS elicits anapyrexia and fever, respectively. Taken together, T(c) responses of mild and severe HS mice suggest a need for reinterpretation of the mechanisms of thermoregulatory control during recovery. C1 [Leon, Lisa R.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Gordon, Christopher J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Leon, LR (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Kansas St,Bldg 42, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM lisa.r.leon@us.army.mil FU U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command FX Research was funded by U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. This article has been approved for public release: distribution is unlimited. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 299 IS 1 BP R241 EP R248 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00309.2009 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 616FR UT WOS:000279194900025 PM 20427722 ER PT J AU Westrick, JA Szlag, DC Southwell, BJ Sinclair, J AF Westrick, Judy A. Szlag, David C. Southwell, Benjamin J. Sinclair, James TI A review of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins removal/inactivation in drinking water treatment SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Drinking water treatment; Cyanotoxins; Cyanobacteria ID TOXIN MICROCYSTIN-LR; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; CYLINDROSPERMOPSIS-RACIBORSKII; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; BY-PRODUCTS; ANATOXIN-A; REMOVAL; DEGRADATION; OXIDATION; KINETICS AB This review focuses on the efficiency of different water treatment processes for the removal of cyanotoxins from potable water. Although several investigators have studied full-scale drinking water processes to determine the efficiency of cyanotoxin inactivation, many of the studies were based on ancillary practice. In this context, "ancillary practice" refers to the removal or inactivation of cyanotoxins by standard daily operational procedures and without a contingency operational plan utilizing specific treatment barriers. In this review, "auxiliary practice" refers to the implementation of inactivation/removal treatment barriers or operational changes explicitly designed to minimize risk from toxin-forming algae and their toxins to make potable water. Furthermore, the best drinking water treatment practices are based on extension of the multibarrier approach to remove cyanotoxins from water. Cyanotoxins are considered natural contaminants that occur worldwide and specific classes of cyanotoxins have shown regional prevalence. For example, freshwaters in the Americas often show high concentrations of microcystin, anatoxin-a, and cylindrospermopsin, whereas Australian water sources often show high concentrations of microcystin, cylindrospermopsin, and saxitoxins. Other less frequently reported cyanotoxins include lyngbyatoxin A, debromoaplysiatoxin, and beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine. This review focuses on the commonly used unit processes and treatment trains to reduce the toxicity of four classes of cyanotoxins: the microcystins, cylindrospermopsin, anatoxin-a, and saxitoxins. The goal of this review is to inform the reader of how each unit process participates in a treatment train and how an auxiliary multibarrier approach to water treatment can provide safer water for the consumer. C1 [Westrick, Judy A.; Szlag, David C.; Southwell, Benjamin J.] Lake Super State Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. [Sinclair, James] US EPA, Off Groundwater & Drinking Water, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Westrick, JA (reprint author), Lake Super State Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, 650 W Easterday Ave, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. EM jwestrick@lssu.edu OI Southwell, Bridget Rae/0000-0003-3439-9366 NR 81 TC 62 Z9 73 U1 25 U2 158 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 397 IS 5 BP 1705 EP 1714 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-3709-5 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 611IY UT WOS:000278810000011 PM 20502884 ER PT J AU Turlington, JM Olson, DA Stockburger, L Mcdow, SR AF Turlington, John M. Olson, David A. Stockburger, Leonard McDow, Stephen R. TI Trueness, precision, and detectability for sampling and analysis of organic species in airborne particulate matter SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Instrumental Methods of Analysis CY OCT 04-08, 2009 CL Athens, GREECE DE Molecular marker; Source apportionment; Hopanes; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Particulate matter; Method proficiency ID SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; TRACERS; AEROSOL; HEALTH; PM2.5; CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXTRACTION; ATMOSPHERE AB Recovery, precision, limits of detection and quantitation, blank levels, calibration linearity, and agreement with certified reference materials were determined for two classes of organic components of airborne particulate matter, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and hopanes, using typical sampling and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis methods. These determinations were based on initial method proficiency tests and on-going internal quality control procedures. Recoveries generally ranged from 75% to 85% for all target analytes and collocated sample precision estimates were generally better than 20% for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and better than 25% for hopanes. Results indicated substantial differences in data quality between the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and hopanes. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons demonstrated better collocated precision, lower method detection limits, lower blank levels, and better agreement with certified reference materials than the hopanes. The most serious area of concern was the disagreement between measured and expected values in the standard reference material for hopanes. With this exception, good data quality was demonstrated for all target analytes on all other data quality indicators. C1 [Turlington, John M.; Olson, David A.; Stockburger, Leonard; McDow, Stephen R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mcdow, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mcdow.stephen@epa.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 397 IS 6 BP 2451 EP 2463 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-3833-2 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 619TK UT WOS:000279453000048 PM 20526587 ER PT J AU Parshionikar, S Laseke, I Fout, GS AF Parshionikar, Sandhya Laseke, Ian Fout, G. Shay TI Use of Propidium Monoazide in Reverse Transcriptase PCR To Distinguish between Infectious and Noninfectious Enteric Viruses in Water Samples SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MULTIPLEX RT-PCR; REAL-TIME PCR; CELL-CULTURE; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; ETHIDIUM MONOAZIDE; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; HUMAN NOROVIRUSES; QUANTITATIVE PCR; MURINE NOROVIRUS AB Human enteric viruses can be present in untreated and inadequately treated drinking water. Molecular methods, such as the reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), can detect viral genomes in a few hours, but they cannot distinguish between infectious and noninfectious viruses. Since only infectious viruses are a public health concern, methods that not only are rapid but also provide information on the infectivity of viruses are of interest. The intercalating dye propidium monoazide (PMA) has been used for distinguishing between viable and nonviable bacteria with DNA genomes, but it has not been used to distinguish between infectious and noninfectious enteric viruses with RNA genomes. In this study, PMA in conjunction with RT-PCR (PMA-RT-PCR) was used to determine the infectivity of enteric RNA viruses in water. Coxsackievirus, poliovirus, echovirus, and Norwalk virus were rendered noninfectious or inactivated by treatment with heat (72 degrees C, 37 degrees C, and 19 degrees C) or hypochlorite. Infectious or native and noninfectious or inactivated viruses were treated with PMA. This was followed by RNA extraction and RT-PCR or quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. The PMA-RT-PCR results indicated that PMA treatment did not interfere with detection of infectious or native viruses but prevented detection of noninfectious or inactivated viruses that were rendered noninfectious or inactivated by treatment at 72 degrees C and 37 degrees C and by hypochlorite treatment. However, PMA-RT-PCR was unable to prevent detection of enteroviruses that were rendered noninfectious by treatment at 19 degrees C. After PMA treatment poliovirus that was rendered noninfectious by treatment at 37 degrees C was undetectable by qRT-PCR, but PMA treatment did not affect detection of Norwalk virus. PMA-RT-PCR was also shown to be effective for detecting infectious poliovirus in the presence of noninfectious virus and in an environmental matrix. We concluded that PMA can be used to differentiate between potentially infectious and noninfectious viruses under the conditions defined above. C1 [Parshionikar, Sandhya] US EPA, Tech Support Ctr, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Fout, G. Shay] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Laseke, Ian] Wastewater Engn Div, Program & Project Management Branch, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Parshionikar, S (reprint author), US EPA, Tech Support Ctr, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Mailstop 140,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM parshionikar.sandhya@epa.gov FU Technical Support Center, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water FX This research was supported through appointment of Ian Laseke to the Postgraduate Research Program at the Technical Support Center, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water. This appointment was administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U. S Environmental Protection Agency. NR 48 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 76 IS 13 BP 4318 EP 4326 DI 10.1128/AEM.02800-09 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 614TN UT WOS:000279082800023 PM 20472736 ER PT J AU Edmonds, J Clark, P Williams, L Lindquist, HDA Martinez, K Gardner, W Shadomy, S Hornsby-Myers, J AF Edmonds, Jason Clark, Paul Williams, Leslie Lindquist, H. D. Alan Martinez, Kenneth Gardner, Warren Shadomy, Sean Hornsby-Myers, Jennifer TI Multigeneration Cross Contamination of Mail with Bacillus Species Spores by Tumbling SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX OUTBREAK; UNITED-STATES; NONPOROUS SURFACES; BIOTERRORISM; AEROSOLIZATION; WASHINGTON; INFECTION; RECOVERY; WORKERS; RISK AB In 2001, envelopes loaded with Bacillus anthracis spores were mailed to Senators Daschle and Leahy as well as to the New York Post and NBC News buildings. Additional letters may have been mailed to other news agencies because there was confirmed anthrax infection of employees at these locations. These events heightened the awareness of the lack of understanding of the mechanism(s) by which objects contaminated with a biological agent might spread disease. This understanding is crucial for the estimation of the potential for exposure to ensure the appropriate response in the event of future attacks. In this study, equipment to simulate interactions between envelopes and procedures to analyze the spread of spores from a "payload" envelope (i.e., loaded internally with a powdered spore preparation) onto neighboring envelopes were developed. Another process to determine whether an aerosol could be generated by opening contaminated envelopes was developed. Subsequent generations of contaminated envelopes originating from a single payload envelope showed a consistent two-log decrease in the number of spores transferred from one generation to the next. Opening a tertiary contaminated envelope resulted in an aerosol containing 103 B. anthracis spores. We developed a procedure for sampling contaminated letters by a nondestructive method aimed at providing information useful for consequence management while preserving the integrity of objects contaminated during the incident and preserving evidence for law enforcement agencies. C1 [Edmonds, Jason; Clark, Paul; Williams, Leslie; Gardner, Warren] USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, US Dept Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Lindquist, H. D. Alan] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Martinez, Kenneth; Hornsby-Myers, Jennifer] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Shadomy, Sean] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Edmonds, J (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, US Dept Def, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM jason.edmonds1@us.army.mil FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [07FED703911 (07-18)]; Department of Defense; Edgewood Chemical Biological Center; Department of Health and Human Services; National Institutes for Occupational Safety and Health; Department of Justice; Federal Bureau of Investigation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX We acknowledge the contribution of Jerry Bottiger of the Aerosol Sciences team at the Edgewood Chemical Biological Center for constructing the mail tumbler. We thank Patricia Collett and Julia Collins at the Edgewood Chemical Biological Center for their technical contributions. Technical guidance and consultation were obtained from a scientific steering committee composed of federal partners, including the CDC, the EPA, the Department of Defense, and the FBI. Specifically, we thank Nicholas Pacquette. Finally, we thank Leslie Custer and Justin Ritmiller of Booz Allen Hamilton for graphic support. Funding (partial) for this project was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through Interagency Agreement 07FED703911 (07-18).; The Department of Defense, Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes for Occupational Safety and Health, Department of Justice, and Federal Bureau of Investigation, as well as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development, partially funded and collaborated in the research described here. The manuscript has been subject to Agency review but does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. No official endorsement should be inferred. Mention or use of trade names does not constitute endorsement of recommendation for use. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 76 IS 14 BP 4797 EP 4804 DI 10.1128/AEM.02978-09 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 621UX UT WOS:000279611500026 PM 20511424 ER PT J AU Wang, RL Bencic, D Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT Lazorchak, J Edwards, S AF Wang, Rong-Lin Bencic, David Villeneuve, Daniel L. Ankley, Gerald T. Lazorchak, Jim Edwards, Stephen TI A transcriptomics-based biological framework for studying mechanisms of endocrine disruption in small fish species SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fish; Endocrine; Transcriptional; Signaling; Network; Pathway ID GENE NETWORKS DREAM; REGULATORY NETWORKS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; EXPRESSION PROFILES; MICROARRAY; EVOLUTION; APOPTOSIS; PATHWAY; P53; DNA AB This study sought to construct a transcriptomics-based framework of signal transduction pathways, transcriptional regulatory networks, and the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) to facilitate formulation of specific, testable hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of endocrine disruption in fish. For the analyses involved, we used data from a total of more than 300 microarrays representing 58 conditions, which encompassed 4 tissue types from zebrafish of both genders exposed for 1 of 3 durations to 10 different test chemicals (17 alpha-ethynyl estradiol, fadrozole, 17 beta-trenbolone, fipronil, prochloraz, flutamide, muscimol, ketoconazole, trilostane, and vinclozolin). Differentially expressed genes were identified by one class t-tests for each condition, and those with false discovery rates of less than 40% and treatment/control ratios >= 1.3-fold were mapped to orthologous human, mouse, and rat pathways by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to look for overrepresentation of known biological pathways. To complement the analysis of known biological pathways, the genes regulated by approximately 1800 transcription factors were inferred using the ARACNE mutual information-based algorithm. The resulting gene sets for all transcriptional factors, along with a group of compiled HPG-axis genes and approximately 130 publicly available biological pathways, were analyzed for their responses to the 58 treatment conditions by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and its variant, Extended-GSEA. The biological pathways and transcription factors associated with multiple distinct treatments showed substantial interactions among the HPG-axis, TGF-beta, p53, and several of their cross-talking partners. These candidate networks/pathways have a variety of profound impacts on such cellular functions as stress response, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wang, Rong-Lin; Bencic, David; Lazorchak, Jim] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Edwards, Stephen] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wang, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wang.rong-lin@epa.gov OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 FU US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) through its Office of Research and Development; National Center for Computational Toxicology; Mid-Continent Ecology Division (National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory) in Duluth, MN, USA FX The US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. The paper has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication as a U.S. EPA document. This work was partially supported by an award from the National Center for Computational Toxicology to the Ecological Exposure Research and Ecosystem Research Divisions (National Exposure Research Laboratory) in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Athens, Georgia, USA, respectively, and the Mid-Continent Ecology Division (National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory) in Duluth, MN, USA. We wish to thank Wei Keat Lim and Manjunath Kustagi from the Andrea Califano lab at the Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York city, USA for advice in implementing E-GSEA method and conducting ARACNE analysis. Timely computing support was provided by Edward Anderson and Robert McCauley of the US EPA National Computer Center at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The manuscript has greatly benefited from critiques by two anonymous reviewers, and Lyle Burgoon at the US EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. NR 73 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 BP 230 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.02.021 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 614LZ UT WOS:000279061800003 PM 20359757 ER PT J AU Sriram, K Lin, GX Jefferson, AM Roberts, JR Chapman, RS Chen, BT Soukup, JM Ghio, AJ Antonini, JM AF Sriram, Krishnan Lin, Gary X. Jefferson, Amy M. Roberts, Jenny R. Chapman, Rebecca S. Chen, Bean T. Soukup, Joleen M. Ghio, Andrew J. Antonini, James M. TI Dopaminergic neurotoxicity following pulmonary exposure to manganese-containing welding fumes SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brain; Dopaminergic dysfunction; Manganese; Neurotoxicity; Neurodegeneration; Occupational exposure; Parkinson's disease; Parkinsonism; Welding; Welding fume ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INSTILLED ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; DIVALENT METAL TRANSPORTER-1; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; INSPIRATORY AIR-FLOW; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; RAT-BRAIN; MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION; MESSENGER-RNA AB The potential for development of Parkinson's disease (PD)-like neurological dysfunction following occupational exposure to aerosolized welding fumes (WF) is an area of emerging concern. Welding consumables contain a complex mixture of metals, including iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), which are known to be neurotoxic. To determine whether WF exposure poses a neurological risk particularly to the dopaminergic system, we treated Sprague-Dawley rats with WF particulates generated from two different welding processes, gas metal arc-mild steel (GMA-MS; low Mn, less water-soluble) and manual metal arc-hard surfacing (MMA-HS; high Mn, more water-soluble) welding. Following repeated intratracheal instillations (0.5 mg/rat, 1/week x 7 weeks) of GMA-MS or MMA-HS, elemental analysis and various molecular indices of neurotoxicity were measured at 1, 4, 35 or 105 days after last exposure. MMA-HS exposure, in particular, led to increased deposition of Mn in striatum and midbrain. Both fumes also caused loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein in the striatum (similar to 20%) and midbrain (similar to 30%) by 1 day post-exposure. While the loss of TH following GMA-MS was transient, a sustained loss (34%) was observed in the midbrain 105 days after cessation of MMA-HS exposure. In addition, both fumes caused persistent down-regulation of dopamine D2 receptor (Drd2; 30-40%) and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (Vmat2; 30-55%) mRNAs in the midbrain. WF exposure also modulated factors associated with synaptic transmission, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and gliosis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that repeated exposure to Mn-containing WF can cause persistent molecular alterations in dopaminergic targets. Whether such perturbations will lead to PD-like neuropathological manifestations remains to be elucidated. C1 [Sriram, Krishnan; Lin, Gary X.; Jefferson, Amy M.; Roberts, Jenny R.; Chapman, Rebecca S.; Chen, Bean T.; Antonini, James M.] NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Soukup, Joleen M.; Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sriram, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM kos4@cdc.gov NR 134 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 84 IS 7 BP 521 EP 540 DI 10.1007/s00204-010-0525-9 PG 20 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 612KH UT WOS:000278896700002 PM 20224926 ER PT J AU Bloomer, BJ Vinnikov, KY Dickerson, RR AF Bloomer, Bryan J. Vinnikov, Konstantin Y. Dickerson, Russell R. TI Changes in seasonal and diurnal cycles of ozone and temperature in the eastern US SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Weather; Air pollution; Temperature; Climate change; Trends ID NITROGEN-OXIDES EMISSIONS; AIR-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; METEOROLOGY; REDUCTIONS; TRENDS AB The pollutant tropospheric ozone causes human health problems, and environmental degradation and acts as a potent greenhouse gas. Using long-term hourly observations at five US air quality monitoring surface stations we studied the seasonal and diel cycles of ozone concentrations and surface air temperature to examine the temporal evolution over the past two decades. Such an approach allows visualizing the impact of natural and anthropogenic processes on ozone: nocturnal inversion development, photochemistry, and stratospheric intrusion. Analysis of the result provides an option for determining the duration for a regulatory ozone season. The application of the method provides independent confirmation of observed changes and trends in the ozone and temperature data records as reported elsewhere. The results provide further evidence supporting the assertion that ozone reductions can be attributed to emission reductions as opposed to weather variation. Despite a (similar to 0.5 degrees C decade(-1)) daytime warming trend, ozone decreased by up to 6 ppb decade(-1) during times of maximum temperature in the most polluted locations. Ozone also decreased across the emission reduction threshold of 2002 by 6-10 ppb indicating that emission reductions have been effective where and when it is most needed. Longer time series, and coupling with other data sources, may allow for the direct investigation of climate change influence on regional ozone air pollution formation and destruction over annual and daily time scales. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bloomer, Bryan J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Vinnikov, Konstantin Y.; Dickerson, Russell R.] Univ Maryland, Dept AOSC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bloomer, BJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Mail Code 8726F, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bloomer.bryan@epa.gov RI Vinnikov, Konstantin/F-9348-2010; Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010 OI Dickerson, Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083 FU US EPA; Maryland Department of the Environment FX BJB was supported by US EPA. RRD and KYV were supported by Maryland Department of the Environment. The authors thank Nickolay Krotkov and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments and insightful questions. Statements in this publication reflect the authors' professional views and opinions and should not be construed to represent any determination or policy of the US EPA. NR 18 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 44 IS 21-22 BP 2543 EP 2551 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.031 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 622GD UT WOS:000279648400006 ER PT J AU Dutton, SJ Vedal, S Piedrahita, R Milford, JB Miller, SL Hannigan, MP AF Dutton, Steven J. Vedal, Sverre Piedrahita, Ricardo Milford, Jana B. Miller, Shelly L. Hannigan, Michael P. TI Source apportionment using positive matrix factorization on daily measurements of inorganic and organic speciated PM2.5 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Particulate matter; PM2.5; Organic molecular markers; Source apportionment; Positive matrix factorization; Denver ID AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; POWERED MOTOR-VEHICLES; TIME-SERIES; AEROSOL; EMISSIONS; MATTER; DENVER; MODEL; PATTERNS; PROGRAM AB Particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) has been linked with a wide range of adverse health effects. Determination of the sources of PM2.5 most responsible for these health effects could lead to improved understanding of the mechanisms of such effects and more targeted regulation. This has provided the impetus for the Denver Aerosol Sources and Health (DASH) study, a multi-year source apportionment and health effects study relying on detailed inorganic and organic PM2.5 speciation measurements. In this study, PM2.5 source apportionment is performed by coupling positive matrix factorization (PMF) with daily speciated PM2.5 measurements including inorganic ions, elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC), and organic molecular markers. A qualitative comparison is made between two models, PMF2 and ME2, commonly used for solving the PMF problem. Many previous studies have incorporated chemical mass balance (CMB) for organic molecular marker source apportionment on limited data sets, but the DASH data set is large enough to use multivariate factor analysis techniques such as PMF. Sensitivity of the PMF2 and ME2 models to the selection of speciated PM2.5 components and model input parameters was investigated in depth. A combination of diagnostics was used to select an optimum, 7-factor model using one complete year of daily data with pointwise measurement uncertainties. The factors included 1) a wintertime/methoxyphenol factor, 2) an EC/sterane factor, 3) a nitrate/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) factor, 4) a summertime/selective aliphatic factor, 5) an n-alkane factor, 6) a middle-oxygenated PAH/alkanoic acid factor and 7) an inorganic ion factor. These seven factors were qualitatively linked with known PM2.5 emission sources with varying degrees of confidence. Mass apportionment using the 7-factor model revealed the contribution of each factor to the mass of OC. EC, nitrate and sulfate. On an annual basis, the majority of OC and EC mass was associated with the summertime/selective aliphatic factor and the EC/sterane factor, respectively, while nitrate and sulfate mass were both dominated by the inorganic ion factor. This apportionment was found to vary substantially by season. Several of the factors identified in this study agree well with similar assessments conducted in St. Louis, MO and Pittsburgh, PA using PMF and organic molecular markers. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Piedrahita, Ricardo; Milford, Jana B.; Miller, Shelly L.; Hannigan, Michael P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dutton, Steven J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Vedal, Sverre] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hannigan, MP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM hannigan@colorado.edu RI Dutton, Steven/C-5912-2011; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 FU NIEHS [RO1 ES010197]; NSF [EEC 0552895] FX This research is supported by NIEHS research grant number RO1 ES010197. Additional support for student assistance was provided by NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates award number EEC 0552895. We would like to thank Greg Brinkman, Ingrid Ulbrich and Josh Hemann for their roles in developing the source apportionment tools used in this study. NR 48 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 79 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 44 IS 23 BP 2731 EP 2741 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.038 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 625IX UT WOS:000279889800008 PM 22768005 ER PT J AU Rogers, JE Marcovich, DT Jordan, SJ Gallaher, SN AF Rogers, John E. Marcovich, Dragoslav T. Jordan, Stephen J. Gallaher, Stacy N. TI DOES TEMPERATURE AND UV EXPOSURE HISTORY MODULATE THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND UV STRESS ON SYMBIODINIUM GROWTH RATES? SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF ORGANISMS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; AMINO-ACIDS; HEAT-SHOCK; PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY; SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; GENUS SYMBIODINIUM; AIPTASIA-PALLIDA; ALGAL SYMBIOSES AB Temperature and ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280-400 nm) alone or in combination are known to inhibit the growth of Symbiodinium spp. isolates. This conclusion was drawn from a number of studies having widely different exposure scenarios. Here we have examined the effects of preexposure "acclimation" conditions (photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), UVR, and temperature) on the growth of four Symbiodinium isolates exposed to elevated temperature and UVR combination. The type A2 isolate was the least sensitive to temperature and UVR stress. Preexposure to elevated temperature led to decreased sensitivity to sublethal temperature exposure for one of the three type B1 isolates (B64). For isolate JR22 preexposure to elevated temperature resulted in greater sensitivity to UVR whereas preexposure to elevated temperature plus UVR decreased sensitivity to UVR exposure. For three of the isolates (JR02F1, B146 and JR22) acclimation did not markedly reduce the impacts of either temperature or UVR. For the three isolates JR02F1, B64, and B146 where LL (PAR; 90 mu mol m(-2)s(-1)) and HL (PAR; 700 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) acclimated cultures were compared little or no effect of light level was observed in subsequent exposures to temperature and UVR stress. Our results suggest that thermal or UVR stress history, in the context of the coral reef environment, may reduce coral bleaching at sublethal temperatures and UVR levels, but may or may not enhance coral survival near the upper thermal limit for coral lethality. C1 [Rogers, John E.; Marcovich, Dragoslav T.; Jordan, Stephen J.; Gallaher, Stacy N.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Rogers, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM Rogers.Johne@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank G. Aeby, W. Fitt, and three anonymous reviewers for their review of the manuscript and for their many useful comments. We would also like to thank W. Fitt for sharing cultures of B64 and B146. The authors are also grateful to L. Hansen for suggesting the use of polyethylene sample bags for culturing vessels and B. Schmeling for statistical analyses. The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number 1353 from the Gulf Ecology Division. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 86 IS 3 BP 743 EP 761 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 621IX UT WOS:000279570900013 ER PT J AU Craun, GF Brunkard, JM Yoder, JS Roberts, VA Carpenter, J Wade, T Calderon, RL Roberts, JM Beach, MJ Roy, SL AF Craun, Gunther F. Brunkard, Joan M. Yoder, Jonathan S. Roberts, Virginia A. Carpenter, Joe Wade, Tim Calderon, Rebecca L. Roberts, Jacquelin M. Beach, Michael J. Roy, Sharon L. TI Causes of Outbreaks Associated with Drinking Water in the United States from 1971 to 2006 SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; MILWAUKEE; SURVEILLANCE; ILLNESS; INFECTIONS; WISCONSIN; MORTALITY AB Since 1971, the CDC, EPA, and Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) have maintained the collaborative national Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System (WBDOSS) to document waterborne disease outbreaks (WBDOs) reported by local, state, and territorial health departments. WBDOs were recently reclassified to better characterize water system deficiencies and risk factors; data were analyzed for trends in outbreak occurrence, etiologies, and deficiencies during 1971 to 2006. A total of 833 WBDOs, 577,991 cases of illness, and 106 deaths were reported during 1971 to 2006. Trends of public health significance include (i) a decrease in the number of reported outbreaks over time and in the annual proportion of outbreaks reported in public water systems, (ii) an increase in the annual proportion of outbreaks reported in individual water systems and in the proportion of outbreaks associated with premise plumbing deficiencies in public water systems, (iii) no change in the annual proportion of outbreaks associated with distribution system deficiencies or the use of untreated and improperly treated groundwater in public water systems, and (iv) the increasing importance of Legionella since its inclusion in WBDOSS in 2001. Data from WBDOSS have helped inform public health and regulatory responses. Additional resources for waterborne disease surveillance and outbreak detection are essential to improve our ability to monitor, detect, and prevent waterborne disease in the United States. C1 [Craun, Gunther F.] Gunther F Craun & Associates, Staunton, VA USA. [Brunkard, Joan M.; Yoder, Jonathan S.; Roberts, Virginia A.; Carpenter, Joe; Roberts, Jacquelin M.; Beach, Michael J.; Roy, Sharon L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Roberts, Virginia A.] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. [Roberts, Virginia A.] Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wade, Tim; Calderon, Rebecca L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Roy, SL (reprint author), CDC, Waterborne Dis Prevent Branch, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis Proposed, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM str2@cdc.gov OI Brunkard, Joan/0000-0001-5270-2627 NR 48 TC 129 Z9 139 U1 9 U2 53 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 EI 1098-6618 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 507 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.00077-09 PG 23 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 621XM UT WOS:000279619700003 PM 20610821 ER PT J AU Zucker, RM Massaro, EJ Sanders, KM Degn, LL Boyes, WK AF Zucker, R. M. Massaro, E. J. Sanders, K. M. Degn, L. L. Boyes, W. K. TI Detection of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Cells by Flow Cytometry SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; side scatter; titanium dioxide; flow cytometry; darkfield microscopy ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; IN-VITRO; ABSORPTION; BINDING; NUCLEI; DIFFERENTIATION; MICROPARTICLES; NANOTECHNOLOGY; FLUORESCENCE AB Evaluation of the potential hazard of man-made nanomaterials has been hampered by a limited ability to observe and measure nanoparticles in cells In this study, different concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles were suspended in cell culture medium The suspension was then sonicated and characterized by dynamic light scattering and microscopy. Cultured human-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) were incubated with TiO2 nanoparticles at 0, 0.1, 0 3, 1, 3, 10, and 30 mu g/ml for 24 hours. Cellular reactions to nanoparticles were evaluated using flow cytometry and dark field microscopy A FACSCalibur (TM) flow cytometer was used to measure changes in light scatter after nanoparticle incubation. Both the side scatter and forward scatter changed substantially in response to the TiO2. From 0 1 to 30 mu g/ml TiO2, the side scatter increased sequentially while the forward scatter decreased, presumably due to substantial light reflection by the TiO2 particles. Based on the parameters of morphology and the calcein-AM/propidium iodide viability assay, TiO2 concentrations below 30 mu g/ml TiO2 caused minimal cytotoxicity. Microscopic analysis was done on the same cells using an E-800 Nikon microscope containing a xenon light source and special dark field objectives At the lowest concentrations of TiO2 (0.1-0 3 mu g/ml), the flow cytometer could detect as few as 5-10 nanoparticles per cell due to intense light scattering by TiO2. Rings of concentrated nanoparticles were observed around the nuclei in the vicinity of the endoplasmic reticulum at higher concentrations. These data suggest that the uptake of nanoparticles within cells can be monitored with flow cytometry and confirmed by dark field microscopy. This approach may help fulfill a critical need for the scientific community to assess the relationship between nanoparticle dose and cellular toxicity Such experiments could potentially be performed more quickly and easily using the flow cytometer to measure both nanoparticle uptake and cellular health. Published 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 [Zucker, R. M.; Sanders, K. M.; Degn, L. L.; Boyes, W. K.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Toxicol Assessment Div MD 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Massaro, E. J.] US EPA, Intergrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev,Toxicol Assessment Div MD 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zucker, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Toxicol Assessment Div MD 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FU USEPA [EP09D000042] FX This manuscript has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and USEPA and approved for publication Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use 'Contractor to the USEPA, award # EP09D000042 NR 55 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD JUL PY 2010 VL 77A IS 7 SI SI BP 677 EP 685 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20927 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 621LZ UT WOS:000279581600010 PM 20564539 ER PT J AU Konno, Y Kamino, H Moore, R Lih, F Tomer, KB Zeldin, DC Goldstein, JA Negishi, M AF Konno, Yoshihiro Kamino, Hiroki Moore, Rick Lih, Fred Tomer, Kenneth B. Zeldin, Darryl C. Goldstein, Joyce A. Negishi, Masahiko TI The Nuclear Receptors Constitutive Active/Androstane Receptor and Pregnane X Receptor Activate the Cyp2c55 Gene in Mouse Liver SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID METABOLISM; CYTOCHROME-P450 CYP GENES; ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; PHENYTOIN INDUCTION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; EXPRESSION; MICE; CAR AB Mouse CYP2C55 has been characterized as an enzyme that catalyzes synthesis of 19-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (19-HETE), an arachidonic acid metabolite known to have important physiological functions such as regulation of renal vascular tone and ion transport. We have now found that CYP2C55 is induced by phenobarbital (PB) and pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN) in both mouse kidney and liver. The nuclear xenobiotic receptors constitutive active/androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) regulate these drug inductions: CYP2C55 mRNA was increased 25-fold in PB-treated Car(+/+) but not in Car(-/-) mice and was induced in Pxr(+/+) but not Pxr(-/-) mice after PCN treatment. Cell-based promoter analysis and gel shift assays identified the DNA sequence (-1679)TGAACCCAGTTGAACT(-1664) as a DR4 motif that regulates CAR- and PXR-mediated transcription of the Cyp2c55 gene. Chronic PB treatment increased hepatic microsomal CYP2C55 protein and serum 19-HETE levels. These findings indicate that CAR and PXR may play a role in regulation of drug-induced synthesis of 19-HETE in the mouse. C1 [Konno, Yoshihiro; Kamino, Hiroki; Moore, Rick; Negishi, Masahiko] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacogenet Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Goldstein, Joyce A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Lih, Fred; Tomer, Kenneth B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Negishi, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacogenet Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM negishi@niehs.nih.gov RI Goldstein, Joyce/A-6681-2012; Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013 FU National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health [Z01-ES7100501, Z01-ES025034, Z01-ES050167, Z01-ES02124] FX This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Grants Z01-ES7100501, Z01-ES025034, Z01-ES050167, Z01-ES02124] (to M.N., D.C.Z., K.B.T., and J.A.G., respectively). NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1177 EP 1182 DI 10.1124/dmd.110.032334 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 631WU UT WOS:000280382100021 PM 20371638 ER PT J AU Zhang, WX Hendrix, PF Snyder, BA Molina, M Li, JX Rao, XQ Siemann, E Fu, SL AF Zhang, Weixin Hendrix, Paul F. Snyder, Bruce A. Molina, Marirosa Li, Jianxiong Rao, Xingquan Siemann, Evan Fu, Shenglei TI Dietary flexibility aids Asian earthworm invasion in North American forests SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amynthas agrestis; earthworm invasion; feeding effect; food web; Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, USA; habitat invasibility; Lumbricus rubellus; phospholipid fatty acid; soil microbe; species invasiveness; stable isotopes; "third habitat" approach ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; FATTY-ACID ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-MATTER; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; ARGENTINE ANTS; FOOD-WEB; SOIL; ECOLOGY; N-15 AB On a local scale, invasiveness of introduced species and invasibility of habitats together determine invasion success. A key issue in invasion ecology has been how to quantify the contribution of species invasiveness and habitat invasibility separately. Conventional approaches, such as comparing the differences in traits and/or impacts of species between native and/or invaded ranges, do not determine the extent to which the performance of invaders is due to either the effects of species traits or habitat characteristics. Here we explore the interaction between two of the most widespread earthworm invaders in the world (Asian Amynthas agrestis and European Lumbricus rubellus) and study the effects of species invasiveness and habitat invasibility separately through an alternative approach of "third habitat" in Tennessee, USA. We propose that feeding behaviors of earthworms will be critical to invasion success because trophic ecology of invasive animals plays a key role in the invasion process. We found that (1) the biomass and isotopic abundances (delta C-13 and delta N-15) of A. agrestis were not impacted by either direct effects of L. rubellus competition or indirect effects of L. rubellus-preconditioned habitat; (2) A. agrestis disrupted the relationship between L. rubellus and soil microorganisms and consequently hindered litter consumption by L. rubellus; and (3) compared to L. rubellus, A. agrestis shifted its diet more readily to consume more litter, more soil gram-positive (G+) bacteria (which may be important for litter digestion), and more non-microbial soil fauna when soil microorganisms were depleted. In conclusion, A. agrestis showed strong invasiveness through its dietary flexibility through diet shifting and superior feeding behavior and its indirectly negative effect of habitat invasibility on L. rubellus via changes in the soil microorganism community. In such context, our results expand on the resource fluctuation hypothesis and support the superior competitor hypothesis. This work presents additional approaches in invasion ecology, provides some new dimensions for further research, and contributes to a greater understanding of the importance of interactions between multiple invading species. C1 [Zhang, Weixin; Rao, Xingquan; Fu, Shenglei] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Inst Ecol, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Weixin] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Hendrix, Paul F.; Snyder, Bruce A.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Molina, Marirosa] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Li, Jianxiong] Guangdong Acad Sci, Guangdong Entomol Inst, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Siemann, Evan] Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Fu, SL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Inst Ecol, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM sfu@scbg.ac.cn RI Zhang, Weixin/B-4422-2008; Fu, Shenglei/B-2729-2012; Zhang, Weixin/D-3540-2017 OI Zhang, Weixin/0000-0001-9656-9522 FU Knowledge Innovation Program of the CAS [KZCX2-YW-413]; NSF [DEB-0236276]; National Science Foundation of China [30630015, 30870457]; IFS [D/4046-1] FX We thank M. A. Callaham, Jr., C.- Y. Huang, Y. Carrillo, B. Ball, L. Dame, D. C. Coleman, J. Blackmon, T. Maddox, and Y. B. Zhao for discussion of experimental design or help in. eld survey and laboratory work, and D. Wardle, H. Ferris, W. X. Zhu, H. Chen, J. H. Wu, X. M. Zou, M. M. Ding, W. N. Tan, S. James, Y. W. Hui, D. M. Chen, Y. H. Shao, Y. M. Xiong, S. P. Liu, Z. F. Liu, L. X. Zhou, and H. N. Diao for valuable discussions in the manuscript preparation or literature searching. Fieldwork was permitted under study number GRSM-00337. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the USEPA's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the USEPA. This work is supported by a Knowledge Innovation Program of the CAS grant (KZCX2-YW-413), an NSF grant (DEB-0236276), National Science Foundation of China grants (30630015, 30870457), and an IFS grant (D/4046-1). NR 40 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 7 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2010 VL 91 IS 7 BP 2070 EP 2079 DI 10.1890/09-0979.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 621GL UT WOS:000279563700025 PM 20715629 ER PT J AU Liu, LL Greaver, TL AF Liu, Lingli Greaver, Tara L. TI A global perspective on belowground carbon dynamics under nitrogen enrichment SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Carbon sequestration; climate change; DOC; ecosystem C balance; fine root; litter; microbial activity; mineral soil; organic soil; soil respiration ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NORTHERN TEMPERATE FORESTS; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOIL ACIDIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; SUGAR MAPLE; PINE FOREST; DEPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS; DECOMPOSITION AB P>Nitrogen (N) effects on ecosystem carbon (C) budgets are critical to understand as C sequestration is considered as a mechanism to offset anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Interactions between aboveground C and N cycling are more clearly characterized than belowground processes. Through synthesizing data from multiple terrestrial ecosystems, we quantified the responses of belowground C cycling under N addition. We found that N addition increased litter input from aboveground (+20%) but not from fine root. N addition inhibited microbial activity as indicated by a reduction in microbial respiration (-8%) and microbial biomass carbon (-20%). Although soil respiration was not altered by N addition, dissolved organic carbon concentration was increased by 18%, suggesting C leaching loss may increase. N addition increased the C content of the organic layer (+17%) but not the mineral soil layer. Overall, our meta-analysis indicates that N addition will increase short term belowground C storage by increasing C content of organic layer. However, it is difficult to predict the response of long term C sequestration since there is no significant change in mineral soil C content. C1 [Liu, Lingli; Greaver, Tara L.] US EPA, Environm Media Assessment Grp, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Liu, LL (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Media Assessment Grp, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, MD B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lingliliu@hotmail.com; greaver.tara@epa.gov RI Liu, Lingli/A-7771-2008 OI Liu, Lingli/0000-0002-5696-3151 NR 53 TC 156 Z9 179 U1 33 U2 254 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 13 IS 7 BP 819 EP 828 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01482.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 611FU UT WOS:000278798100005 PM 20482580 ER PT J AU Ladou, J Castleman, B Frank, A Gochfeld, M Greenberg, M Huff, J Joshi, TK Landrigan, PJ Lemen, R Myers, J Soffritti, M Soskolne, CL Takahashi, K Teitelbaum, D Terracini, B Watterson, A AF Ladou, Joseph Castleman, Barry Frank, Arthur Gochfeld, Michael Greenberg, Morris Huff, James Joshi, Tushar Kant Landrigan, Philip J. Lemen, Richard Myers, Jonny Soffritti, Morando Soskolne, Colin L. Takahashi, Ken Teitelbaum, Daniel Terracini, Benedetto Watterson, Andrew TI The Case for a Global Ban on Asbestos SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE asbestos; asbestos cancer pandemic; asbestos-related diseases; ban; cancer; chrysotile; controlled use; disinformation; mesothelioma; product defense ID CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS; MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA; PUBLIC-HEALTH; INTERNATIONAL-ORGANIZATIONS; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; CANCER-MORTALITY; LUNG-CANCER; RISK; DISEASE; ASSOCIATION AB BACKGROUND: All forms of asbestos are now banned in 52 countries. Safer products have replaced many materials that once were made with it. Nonetheless, many countries still use, import, and export asbestos and asbestos-containing products, and in those that have banned other forms of asbestos, the so-called "controlled use" of chrysotile asbestos is often exempted from the ban. In fact, chrysotile has accounted for > 95% of all the asbestos used globally. OBJECTIVE: We examined and evaluated the literature used to support the exemption of chrysotile asbestos from the ban and how its exemption reflects the political and economic influence of the asbestos mining and manufacturing industry. DISCUSSION: All forms of asbestos, including chrysotile, are proven human carcinogens. All forms cause malignant mesothelioma and lung and laryngeal cancers, and may cause ovarian, gastrointestinal, and other cancers. No exposure to asbestos is without risk. Illnesses and deaths from asbestos exposure are entirely preventable. CONCLUSIONS: All countries of the world have an obligation to their citizens to join in the international endeavor to ban the mining, manufacture, and use of all forms of asbestos. An international ban is urgently needed. There is no medical or scientific basis to exempt chrysotile from the worldwide ban of asbestos. C1 [Ladou, Joseph] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Castleman, Barry] Environm Consultant, Garrett Pk, MD USA. [Frank, Arthur] Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gochfeld, Michael] Rutgers State Univ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Huff, James] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Joshi, Tushar Kant] Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, New Delhi, India. [Landrigan, Philip J.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Global Hlth Program, New York, NY USA. [Lemen, Richard] NIOSH, Canton, GA USA. [Myers, Jonny] Univ Cape Town, Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth Res, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Soffritti, Morando] European Fdn Oncol & Environm Sci, Bologna, Italy. [Soskolne, Colin L.] Univ Alberta, Sch Publ Hlth, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Takahashi, Ken] Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807, Japan. [Teitelbaum, Daniel] Univ Colorado, Sch Publ Hlth, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Terracini, Benedetto] Univ Turin, Ctr Canc Prevent, Turin, Italy. [Watterson, Andrew] Univ Stirling, Occupat & Environm Hlth Res Grp, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. RP Ladou, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM joeladou@aol.com NR 98 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 18 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 118 IS 7 BP 897 EP 901 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002285 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 619MX UT WOS:000279435400015 PM 20601329 ER PT J AU Cheng, WY Tong, HY Miller, EW Chang, CJ Remington, J Zucker, RM Bromberg, PA Samet, JM Hofer, TPJ AF Cheng, Wan-Yun Tong, Haiyan Miller, Evan W. Chang, Christopher J. Remington, James Zucker, Robert M. Bromberg, Philip A. Samet, James M. Hofer, Thomas P. J. TI An Integrated Imaging Approach to the Study of Oxidative Stress Generation by Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Living Cells SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biosensors; confocal microscopy; hydrogen peroxide; mitochondrial dysfunction; oxidative stress; real-time imaging; ROS ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; SLIDE-BASED SYSTEMS; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; INDICATORS; ZINC; RECEPTOR; COMPLEX; METABOLISM; INHIBITION AB BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of action of many environmental agents commonly involve oxidative stress resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction. Zinc is a common environmental metallic contaminant that has been implicated in a variety of oxidant-dependent toxicological responses. Unlike ions of other transition metals such as iron, copper, and vanadium, Zn(2+) does not generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through redox cycling. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the role of oxidative stress in zinc-induced toxicity. METHODS: We used an integrated imaging approach that employs the hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-specific fluorophore Peroxy Green 1 (PG1), the mitochondrial potential sensor 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1), and the mitochondria-targeted form of the redox-sensitive genetically encoded fluorophore MTroGFP1 in living cells. RESULTS: Zinc treatment in the presence of the Zn(2+) ionophore pyrithione of A431 skin carcinoma cells preloaded with the H(2)O(2)-specific indicator PG1 resulted in a significant increase in H(2)O(2) production that could be significantly inhibited with the mitochondrial inhibitor carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone. Mitochondria were further implicated as the source of zinc-induced H(2)O(2) formation by the observation that exposure to zinc caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Using MTroGFP1, we showed that zinc exposure of A431 cells induces a rapid loss of reducing redox potential in mitochondria. We also demonstrated that zinc exposure results in rapid swelling of mitochondria isolated from mouse hearts. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these findings show a disruption of mitochondrial integrity, H(2)O(2) formation, and a shift toward positive redox potential in cells exposed to zinc. These data demonstrate the utility of real-time, live-cell imaging to study the role of oxidative stress in toxicological responses. C1 [Tong, Haiyan; Samet, James M.] US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Cheng, Wan-Yun] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Miller, Evan W.; Chang, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Miller, Evan W.; Chang, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Remington, James] Univ Oregon, Inst Mol Biol, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Zucker, Robert M.] US EPA, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bromberg, Philip A.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hofer, Thomas P. J.] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Clin Cooperat Grp Inflammatory Lung Dis, Gauting, Germany. RP Samet, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Samet.James@EPA.gov FU National Institutes of Health [GM 079645] FX This study was supported by a grant to C.J.C. from the National Institutes of Health (GM 079645). NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 17 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 118 IS 7 BP 902 EP 908 DI 10.1289/ehp.0901811 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 619MX UT WOS:000279435400016 PM 20413366 ER PT J AU Wu, WD Samet, JM Peden, DB Bromberg, PA AF Wu, Weidong Samet, James M. Peden, David B. Bromberg, Philip A. TI Phosphorylation of p65 Is Required for Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-Induced Interleukin 8 Expression in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE bronchial epithelial cells; IL-8; interleukin-8; NF kappa B; p65; zinc oxide ID NF-KAPPA-B; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; METAL FUME FEVER; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; AIR-POLLUTION; IN-VITRO; INDUCTION; IL-8 AB BACKGROUND: Exposure to zinc oxide (ZnO) in environmental and occupational settings causes acute pulmonary responses through the induction of proinflammatory mediators such as interleukin-8 (IL-8). OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of ZnO nano-particles on IL-8 expression and the underlying mechanisms in human bronchial epithelial cells. METHODS: We determined IL-8 mRNA and protein expression in primary human bronchial epithelial cells and the BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cell line using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and the enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay, respectively. Transcriptional activity of IL-8 promoter and nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) in ZnO-treated BEAS-2B cells was measured using transient gene transfection of the luciferase reporter construct with or without p65 constructs. Phosphorylation and degradation of I kappa B alpha, an inhibitor of NF-kappa B, and phosphorylation of p65 were detected using immuno-blotting. Binding of p65 to the IL-8 promoter was examined using the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS: ZnO exposure (2-8 mu g/mL) increased IL-8 mRNA and protein expression. Inhibition of transcription with actinomycin D blocked ZnO-induced IL-8 expression, which was consistent with the observation that ZnO exposure increased IL-8 promoter reporter activity. Further study demonstrated that the kappa B-binding site in the IL-8 promoter was required for ZnO-induced IL-8 transcriptional activation. ZnO stimulation modestly elevated I kappa B alpha phosphorylation and degradation. Moreover, ZnO exposure also increased the binding of p65 to the IL-8 promoter and p65 phosphorylation at serines 276 and 536. Overexpression of p65 constructs mutated at serines 276 or 536 significantly reduced ZnO-induced increase in IL-8 promoter reporter activity. CONCLUSION: p65 phosphorylation and I kappa B alpha phosphorylation and degradation are the primary mechanisms involved in ZnO nano-particle-induced IL-8 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. C1 [Wu, Weidong; Peden, David B.; Bromberg, Philip A.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Samet, James M.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wu, WD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Weidong_Wu@med.unc.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [CR83346301] FX This work was supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Cooperative Agreement CR83346301 awarded to the Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina. NR 57 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 118 IS 7 BP 982 EP 987 DI 10.1289/ehp.0901635 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 619MX UT WOS:000279435400028 PM 20194077 ER PT J AU Pettit, S des Etages, SA Mylecraine, L Snyder, R Fostel, J Dunn, RT Haymes, K Duval, M Stevens, J Afshari, C Vickers, A AF Pettit, Syril des Etages, Shelley Ann Mylecraine, Louis Snyder, Ronald Fostel, Jennifer Dunn, Robert T., II Haymes, Kenneth Duval, Manuel Stevens, James Afshari, Cynthia Vickers, Alison TI Current and Future Applications of Toxicogenomics: Results Summary of a Survey from the HESI Genomics State of Science Subcommittee SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE applications; HESI survey; impact and hurdles; toxicogenomics ID CANCER AB BACKGROUND: In spite of the application of toxicogenomic (TGx) data to the field of toxicology for the past 10 years, the broad implementation and full impact of TGx for chemical and drug evaluation to improve decision making within organizations and by policy makers has not been achieved. OBJECTIVES: The goal of the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) Committee on the Application of Genomics to Mechanism-based Risk Assessment was to construct and summarize a multi-sector survey, addressing key issues and perspectives on the current and future practical uses and challenges of implementing TGx data to facilitate discussions for decision making within organizations and by policy makers. METHODS: An online survey to probe the current status and future challenges facing the field of TGx for drug and chemical evaluation in experimental and nonclinical models was taken by scientists and scientific decision/policy makers actively engaged in the field of TGx within industrial, academic, and regulatory sectors of the United States, Europe, and Japan. For this survey, TGx refers specifically to the analysis of gene expression responses to evaluate xenobiotic exposure in experimental and preclinical models. RESULTS: The survey results are summarized from questions covering broad areas including technology used, organizational capacity and resource allocation, experimental approaches, data storage and exchange, perceptions of benefits and hurdles, and future expectations. CONCLUSIONS: The survey findings provide valuable information on the current state of the science of TGx applications and identify key areas in which TGx will have an impact as well as the key hurdles in applying TGx data to address issues. The findings serve as a public resource to facilitate discussions on the focus of future TGx efforts to ensure that a maximal benefit can be obtained from toxicogenomic studies. C1 [Pettit, Syril] ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. [des Etages, Shelley Ann; Duval, Manuel] Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Mylecraine, Louis] Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceut, Montville, NJ USA. [Snyder, Ronald] Merck & Co Inc, Lafayette, NJ USA. [Fostel, Jennifer] SRA Int Inc, Durham, NC USA. [Dunn, Robert T., II; Afshari, Cynthia] Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. [Haymes, Kenneth] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Stevens, James] Lilly Res Labs, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Vickers, Alison] Allergan Pharmaceut Inc, Irvine, CA 92715 USA. RP Pettit, S (reprint author), HESI, 1156 15th St,2nd Floor NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM spettit@hesiglobal.org RI Duval, Manuel/D-6892-2013 OI Duval, Manuel/0000-0001-5395-4543 NR 12 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 118 IS 7 BP 992 EP 997 DI 10.1289/ehp.0901501 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 619MX UT WOS:000279435400030 PM 20100679 ER PT J AU Van de Wiele, T Gallawa, CM Kubachka, KM Creed, JT Basta, N Dayton, EA Whitacre, S Du Laing, G Bradham, K AF Van de Wiele, Tom Gallawa, Christina M. Kubachka, Kevin M. Creed, John T. Basta, Nicholas Dayton, Elizabeth A. Whitacre, Shane Du Laing, Gijs Bradham, Karen TI Arsenic Metabolism by Human Gut Microbiota upon in Vitro Digestion of Contaminated Soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE arsenic species; bacteria; colon; gastrointestinal; metalloid; microflora; presystemic metabolism; Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem; speciation ID DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; CACO-2 CELLS; RATS; SIMULATOR; ECOSYSTEM; TOXICITY; BACTERIA; BIOTRANSFORMATION; BIOACCESSIBILITY; BIOAVAILABILITY AB BACKGROUND: Speciation analysis is essential when evaluating risks from arsenic (As) exposure. In an oral exposure scenario, the importance of presystemic metabolism by gut microorganisms has been evidenced with in vivo animal models and in vitro experiments with animal microbiota. However, it is unclear whether human microbiota display similar As metabolism, especially when present in a contaminated matrix. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the metabolic potency of in vitro cultured human colon microbiota toward inorganic As (iAs) and As-contaminated soils. METHODS: A colon microbial community was cultured in a dynamic model of the human gut. These colon microbiota were incubated with iAs and with As-contaminated urban soils. We determined As speciation analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS: We found a high degree of methylation for colon digests both of iAs (10 mu g methylarsenical/g biomass/hr) and of As-contaminated soils (up to 28 mu g/g biomass/hr). Besides the formation of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)), we detected the highly toxic monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)). Moreover, this is the first description of microbial thiolation leading to monomethylmonothioarsonic acid (MMMTA(V)). MMMTA(V), the toxicokinetic properties of which are not well known, was in many cases a major metabolite. CONCLUSIONS: Presystemic As metabolism is a significant process in the human body. Toxicokinetic studies aiming to completely elucidate the As metabolic pathway would therefore benefit from incorporating the metabolic potency of human gut microbiota. This will result in more accurate risk characterization associated with As exposures. C1 [Van de Wiele, Tom] Univ Ghent, Lab Microbial Ecol & Technol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Gallawa, Christina M.; Kubachka, Kevin M.; Creed, John T.] US EPA, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Basta, Nicholas; Dayton, Elizabeth A.; Whitacre, Shane] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Du Laing, Gijs] Univ Ghent, Lab Analyt & Appl Ecochem, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Bradham, Karen] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Van de Wiele, T (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Lab Microbial Ecol & Technol, 653 Coupure Links, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM tom.vandewiele@ugent.be RI Van de Wiele, Tom/C-8638-2011 FU Ghent University [01J05308]; FWO-Vlaanderen FX This study was supported by the special research fund of Ghent University through project 01J05308; the FWO-Vlaanderen (Flemish Fund for Scientific Research) provided travel grants. T.V.W. is a post-doctoral research fellow of the FWO-Vlaanderen. NR 41 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 7 U2 73 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 118 IS 7 BP 1004 EP 1009 DI 10.1289/ehp.0901794 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 619MX UT WOS:000279435400032 PM 20603239 ER PT J AU Vinikoor, LC Larson, TC Bateson, TF Birnbaum, L AF Vinikoor, Lisa C. Larson, Theodore C. Bateson, Thomas F. Birnbaum, Linda TI Exposure to Asbestos-Containing Vermiculite Ore and Respiratory Symptoms among Individuals Who Were Children While the Mine Was Active in Libby, Montana SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE asbestos; children; Libby; Montana; respiratory symptoms; spirometry; vermiculite ore ID AIR-POLLUTION; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA; TREMOLITE ACTINOLITE; MORTALITY; CHILDHOOD; MORBIDITY; ABNORMALITIES; POPULATION; DISEASE AB BACKGROUND: Libby, Montana, was home to the largest vermiculite ore mine in the United States. The processing, use, and transport of the ore, which was contaminated with amphibole asbestos, led to generalized contamination of the community. The mine closed in 1990. OBJECTIVES: We examined the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in 2000-2001 and their association with history of vermiculite exposure among people who were <= 18 years of age when the mine closed. METHODS: Information on respiratory symptoms and exposure history was collected by questionnaire in 2000-2001, at which time participants were 10-29 years old. Logistic regression was used to model the associations between exposures and outcomes adjusted for age, sex, and tobacco smoke exposure. RESULTS: Of the 1,003 individuals included in the study, 10.8% reported usually having a cough, 14.5% reported experiencing shortness of breath when walking up a slight hill or hurrying on level ground, and 5.9% reported having coughed up bloody phlegm in the past year. These respiratory symptoms were positively associated with frequently handling vermiculite insulation compared with never handling vermiculite insulation. We found no association between vermiculite insulation in the house and respiratory symptoms. Respiratory symptoms were associated with other vermiculite exposures as well, and the number and frequency of these activities showed a positive trend with usually having a cough. We found no association between any of the activities and abnormal spirometry. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that residents of Libby, Montana, who were children when the mine closed experienced some respiratory symptoms associated with asbestos-contaminated vermiculite exposure. C1 [Vinikoor, Lisa C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Larson, Theodore C.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bateson, Thomas F.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda] NIEHS, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Vinikoor, LC (reprint author), US EPA, MD B243-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM vinikoor.lisa@epa.gov NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 17 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 118 IS 7 BP 1033 EP 1038 DI 10.1289/ehp.0901680 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 619MX UT WOS:000279435400037 PM 20332072 ER PT J AU Trowbridge, PR Kahl, JS Sassan, DA Heath, DL Walsh, EM AF Trowbridge, Philip R. Kahl, J. Steve Sassan, Dari A. Heath, Douglas L. Walsh, Edward M. TI Relating Road Salt to Exceedances of the Water Quality Standard for Chloride in New Hampshire Streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRENDS; RIVER; SALINIZATION; VARIABILITY; RETENTION; SODIUM; USA AB Six watersheds in New Hampshire were studied to determine the effects of road salt on stream water quality. Specific conductance in streams was monitored every 15 min for one year using dataloggers. Chloride concentrations were calculated from specific conductance using empirical relationships. Stream chloride concentrations were directly correlated with development in the watersheds and were inversely related to streamflow. Exceedances of the EPA water quality standard for chloride were detected in the four watersheds with the most development The number of exceedances during a year was linearly related to the annual average concentration of chloride. Exceedances of the water quality standard were not predicted for streams with annual average concentrations less than 102 mg L(-1). Chloride was imported into three of the watersheds at rates ranging from 45 to 98 Mg Cl km(-2) yr(-1). Ninety-one percent of the chloride imported was road salt for deicing roadways and parking lots. A simple, mass balance equation was shown to predict annual average chloride concentrations from streamflow and chloride import rates to the watershed. This equation, combined with the apparent threshold for exceedances of the water quality standard, can be used for screening-level TMDLs for road salt in impaired watersheds. C1 [Trowbridge, Philip R.; Walsh, Edward M.] New Hampshire Dept Environm Serv, Concord, NH 03302 USA. [Kahl, J. Steve; Sassan, Dari A.] Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. [Heath, Douglas L.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Boston, MA 02109 USA. RP Trowbridge, PR (reprint author), New Hampshire Dept Environm Serv, POB 95, Concord, NH 03302 USA. EM Philip.Trowbridge@des.nh.gov FU Federal Highway Administration via the New Hampshire Department of Transportation; New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this project was provided by the Federal Highway Administration via the New Hampshire Department of Transportation. The New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Geological Survey provided in-kind support. This article reflects the opinions of the authors, not the official position of the agencies listed. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 13 BP 4903 EP 4909 DI 10.1021/es100325j PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 617TL UT WOS:000279304700018 PM 20545352 ER PT J AU Whitman, RL Ge, ZF Nevers, MB Boehm, AB Chern, EC Haugland, RA Lukasik, AM Molina, M Przybyla-Kelly, K Shively, DA White, EM Zepp, RG Byappanahalli, MN AF Whitman, Richard L. Ge, Zhongfu Nevers, Meredith B. Boehm, Alexandria B. Chern, Eunice C. Haugland, Richard A. Lukasik, Ashley M. Molina, Marirosa Przybyla-Kelly, Kasia Shively, Dawn A. White, Emily M. Zepp, Richard G. Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. TI Relationship and Variation of qPCR and Culturable Enterococci Estimates in Ambient Surface Waters Are Predictable SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUNTINGTON-BEACH; QUALITY; QUANTIFICATION; CALIFORNIA; ILLNESS AB The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method provides rapid estimates of fecal indicator bacteria densities that have been indicated to be useful in the assessment of water quality. Primarily because this method provides faster results than standard culture-based methods, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is currently considering its use as a basis for revised ambient water quality criteria. In anticipation of this possibility, we sought to examine the relationship between qPCR-based and culture-based estimates of enterococci in surface waters. Using data from several research groups, we compared enterococci estimates by the two methods in water samples collected from 37 sites across the United States. A consistent linear pattern in the relationship between cell equivalents (CCE), based on the qPCR method, and colony-forming units (CFU), based on the traditional culturable method, was significant (P < 0.05) at most sites. A linearly decreasing variance of CCE with increasing CFU levels was significant (P < 0.05) or evident for all sites. Both marine and freshwater sites under continuous influence of point-source contamination tended to reveal a relatively constant proportion of CCE to CFU. The consistency in the mean and variance patterns of CCE versus CFU indicates that the relationship of results based on these two methods is more predictable at high CFU levels (e.g., log(10)CFU > 2.0/100 mL) while uncertainty increases at lower CFU values. It was further noted that the relative error in replicated qPCR estimates was generally higher than that in replicated culture counts even at relatively high target levels, suggesting a greater need for replicated analyses in the qPCR method to reduce relative error. Further studies evaluating the relationship between culture and qPCR should take into account analytical uncertainty as well as potential differences in results of these methods that may arise from sample variability, different sources of pollution, and environmental factors. C1 [Whitman, Richard L.; Ge, Zhongfu; Nevers, Meredith B.; Lukasik, Ashley M.; Przybyla-Kelly, Kasia; Shively, Dawn A.; Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Boehm, Alexandria B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chern, Eunice C.; Haugland, Richard A.] US EPA, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Molina, Marirosa; White, Emily M.; Zepp, Richard G.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Whitman, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM rwhitman@usgs.gov OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734; Shively, Dawn/0000-0002-6119-924X NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 13 BP 5049 EP 5054 DI 10.1021/es9028974 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 617TL UT WOS:000279304700038 PM 20527919 ER PT J AU Slattery, M Willett, KL Cobb, GP Benson, WH AF Slattery, Marc Willett, Kristine L. Cobb, George P. Benson, William H. TI MULTIPLE FACETS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM HURRICANE KATRINA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cobb, George P.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Slattery, Marc; Willett, Kristine L.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. [Benson, William H.] US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. RP Cobb, GP (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM george.cobb@tiehh.ttu.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1401 EP 1402 DI 10.1002/etc.213 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 619VQ UT WOS:000279458800001 PM 20821586 ER PT J AU Macauley, JM Smith, LM Harwell, LC Benson, WH AF Macauley, John M. Smith, Lisa M. Harwell, Linda C. Benson, William H. TI SEDIMENT QUALITY IN NEAR COASTAL WATERS OF THE GULF OF MEXICO: INFLUENCE OF HURRICANE KATRINA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry-North-America CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Tampa, FL SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem N Amer DE Contaminants; Estuarine; Sediment quality; Hurricane Katrina; Total organic carbon ID NEUSE RIVER; IMPACTS; CONTAMINATION; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; ATLANTIC; RANGES; RITA AB The results of the present study represent a synoptic analysis of sediment quality in coastal waters of Lake Pontchartrain and Mississippi Sound two months after the landfall of Hurricane Katrina. Posthurricane conditions were compared to prehurricane (2000-2004) conditions, for sediment quality data. There were no exceedances of effects range median (ERM) sediment quality guideline values for chemical contaminants in any of the sediment samples collected from the Lake Pontchartrain or the Mississippi Sound study areas following the hurricane. Lower threshold effects range low (ERL) values were exceeded for As, Cd, and Ni at several stations in both survey areas, similar to levels of contamination observed prior to the hurricane. The comparison of sediment quality indicators before and after the hurricane suggests considerable stability of these systems with respect to short-term ecological impacts. Although other studies have shown storm-related changes could be detected (e.g., effects on benthic communities associated with shifts in salinity), there were no indications of widespread sediment contamination. Environ Toxicol Chem 2010;29:1403-1408. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Macauley, John M.; Smith, Lisa M.; Harwell, Linda C.; Benson, William H.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Macauley, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabin Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM Macauley.john@epa.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1403 EP 1408 DI 10.1002/etc.217 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 619VQ UT WOS:000279458800002 PM 20821587 ER PT J AU Nacci, DE Champlin, D Jayaraman, S AF Nacci, Diane E. Champlin, Denise Jayaraman, Saro TI Adaptation of the Estuarine Fish Fundulus heteroclitus (Atlantic Killifish) to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Adaptation; Evolution; Killifish; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Dioxin; Tolerance; Fundulus heteroclitus ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; EQUIVALENCY FACTORS TEFS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; RESISTANCE AB In this study, we describe remarkable intraspecific variation in sensitivity to the broadly distributed pollutants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), among wild populations of the nonmigratory estuarine Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). Variation among killifish populations was characterized in 28-day laboratory challenges using embryonic and larval life stages and the highly toxic, dioxin-like PCB congener, 3,3'4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB126). In summarizing results for 24 populations, we show that killifish populations vary over four orders of magnitude in their sensitivity to PCB126 and that this variation is adaptive to the magnitude of contamination at their residence site. The four least-sensitive killifish populations reside in US Atlantic coast urban harbors > 100 km apart from one another: New Bedford, MA, Bridgeport, CT, Newark, NJ, and Norfolk, VA, USA. Prior studies examining all but the CT population have shown that these killifish are relatively insensitive to local contaminants, with mixed evidence concerning the heritability of this trait. We show here that tolerance to PCB126 is extreme, with some mechanistic similarities among these four killifish populations. However, these populations do not respond identically to each other, and in at least one population, tolerance appears to degrade over the F1 and F2 generations tested. Complementary ongoing studies using molecular approaches provide opportunity to identify unique and shared mechanisms of tolerance in these independently evolving populations and explore the adaptive benefits and costs of contemporary evolutionary responses in the wild. C1 [Nacci, Diane E.; Champlin, Denise; Jayaraman, Saro] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Nacci, DE (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM nacci.diane@epa.gov NR 60 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 5 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2010 VL 33 IS 4 BP 853 EP 864 DI 10.1007/s12237-009-9257-6 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 606ZP UT WOS:000278468300005 ER PT J AU Pollard, AI Yuan, LL AF Pollard, A. I. Yuan, L. L. TI Assessing the consistency of response metrics of the invertebrate benthos: a comparison of trait- and identity-based measures SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioassessment; biological traits; indicators; predictive models; stream ecosystems ID SPECIES TRAITS; BIOLOGICAL TRAITS; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; MACROINVERTEBRATES; INTEGRITY; INSECTS; TEMPLET; RIVER AB P>1. The use of species traits to interpret biological changes in invertebrate assemblages across environmental gradients has been suggested as a method to improve discrimination over existing species composition methods. One reason for greater potential discrimination and predictive ability is the assumed universality of traits across a range of spatial and temporal scales. We explore this assumption by comparing the consistency of stressor-response relationships of a trait characteristic (percent clinging taxa) and a common taxonomy-based metric [percent Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT)] over a stressor gradient of increasing benthic fine sediment. 2. We use invertebrate assemblage and environmental data from three large-scale surveys that cover the western United States, eastern United States and the Mid-Atlantic Highlands of the US. These three datasets allow us to compare stressor-response relationships in terms of geographic position (west versus east) and spatial scale (entire east versus a sub-region of the east). We compare the slopes and intercepts of the two measures of assemblage response. 3. Trait characteristics exhibited more consistent stressor-response relationships than identity characteristics. Stressor-response relationships generated for clinging invertebrate richness had statistically similar slopes over sediment gradients, regardless of spatial scale or geographic location. In contrast, slopes were significantly different for relationships generated with EPT richness over sediment gradients. 4. Results of this study support the hypothesis that trait-based measures have a more consistent response to a stressor gradient than identity-based assemblage measures. Choosing consistent measures of community response will facilitate comparisons among assemblages across large spatial scales. C1 [Pollard, A. I.; Yuan, L. L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Pollard, AI (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8623P, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM pollard.amina@epa.gov NR 24 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1420 EP 1429 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02235.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 608ER UT WOS:000278566100004 ER PT J AU Kirby, A Kang, HM Wade, CM Cotsapas, C Kostem, E Han, B Furlotte, N Kang, EY Rivas, M Bogue, MA Frazer, KA Johnson, FM Beilharz, EJ Cox, DR Eskin, E Daly, MJ AF Kirby, Andrew Kang, Hyun Min Wade, Claire M. Cotsapas, Chris Kostem, Emrah Han, Buhm Furlotte, Nick Kang, Eun Yong Rivas, Manuel Bogue, Molly A. Frazer, Kelly A. Johnson, Frank M. Beilharz, Erica J. Cox, David R. Eskin, Eleazar Daly, Mark J. TI Fine Mapping in 94 Inbred Mouse Strains Using a High-Density Haplotype Resource SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SILICO; COMPLEX TRAITS; LABORATORY MOUSE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PHENOME DATABASE; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; MILLION SNPS; GENOME; ASSOCIATION; MICE AB The genetics of phenotypic variation in inbred mice has for nearly a century provided a primary weapon in the medical research arsenal. A catalog of the genetic variation among inbred mouse strains, however, is required to enable powerful positional cloning and association techniques. A recent whole-genome resequencing study of 15 inbred mouse strains captured a significant fraction of the genetic variation among a limited number of strains, yet the common use of hundreds of inbred strains in medical research motivates the need for a high-density variation map of a larger set of strains. Here we report a dense set of genotypes from 94 inbred mouse strains containing 10.77 million genotypes over 121,433 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), dispersed at 20-kb intervals on average across the genome, with an average concordance of 99.94% with previous SNP sets. Through pairwise comparisons of the strains, we identified an average of 4.70 distinct segments over 73 classical inbred strains in each region of the genome, suggesting limited genetic diversity between the strains. Combining these data with genotypes of 7570 gap-filling SNPs, we further imputed the untyped or missing genotypes of 94 strains over 8.27 million Perlegen SNPs. The imputation accuracy among classical inbred strains is estimated at 99.7% for the genotypes imputed with high confidence. We demonstrated the utility of these data in high-resolution linkage mapping through power simulations and statistical power analysis and provide guidelines for developing such studies. We also provide a resource of in silico association mapping between the complex traits deposited in the Mouse Phenome Database with our genotypes. We expect that these resources will facilitate effective designs of both human and mouse studies for dissecting the genetic basis of complex traits. C1 [Kostem, Emrah; Han, Buhm; Furlotte, Nick; Kang, Eun Yong; Eskin, Eleazar] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kirby, Andrew; Cotsapas, Chris; Daly, Mark J.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Human Genet Res, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Kirby, Andrew; Wade, Claire M.; Cotsapas, Chris; Rivas, Manuel; Daly, Mark J.] Broad Inst Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Kang, Hyun Min] Univ Michigan, Dept Biostat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wade, Claire M.] Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Cotsapas, Chris; Daly, Mark J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Rivas, Manuel] MIT, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bogue, Molly A.] Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. [Frazer, Kelly A.; Beilharz, Erica J.; Cox, David R.] Perlegen Sci, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Johnson, Frank M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Toxicol Operat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Eskin, Eleazar] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Eskin, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Comp Sci, 3532-J Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM eeskin@cs.ucla.edu RI Eskin, Eleazar/J-9187-2012; OI Eskin, Eleazar/0000-0003-1149-4758; Wade, Claire/0000-0003-3413-4771; Cotsapas, Chris/0000-0002-7772-5910 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [P41-HG003056, K25-HL080079, U01-DA024417, HG00521401, NH084698, MH071984, DA028420]; National Science Foundation [0513612, 0731455, 0729049]; Samsung Scholarship; GlaxoSmithKline; Jackson Laboratory; University of California, Los Angeles; National Toxicology Program [N01-ES-45530]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to Perlegen Sciences FX A. K., C. M. W., C. C., M. R., and M.J.D. were supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant P41-HG003056, which also provided support for the genotyping. H. M. K., E. K., B. H., N.F., E.Y.K, and E. E. were supported by National Science Foundation grants 0513612, 0731455, and 0729049, and NIH grants K25-HL080079 and U01-DA024417. H. M. K. and B. H. were supported by the Samsung Scholarship. H. M. K. was also supported by NIH grants HG00521401 and NH084698 and by GlaxoSmithKline. M. B. was supported by The Jackson Laboratory and by NIH grants MH071984 and DA028420. This research also was supported in part by the University of California, Los Angeles, subcontract of contract N01-ES-45530 from the National Toxicology Program and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to Perlegen Sciences. NR 44 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 5 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUL PY 2010 VL 185 IS 3 BP 1081 EP 1095 DI 10.1534/genetics.110.115014 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 651EE UT WOS:000281906800030 PM 20439770 ER PT J AU Sangani, RG Soukup, JM Ghio, AJ AF Sangani, Rahul G. Soukup, Joleen M. Ghio, Andrew J. TI Metals in air pollution particles decrease whole-blood coagulation time SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; iron; metals; particulate matter; zinc ID AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER; BODY IRON STORES; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SYSTEMIC TRANSLOCATION; ARTERIAL THROMBOSIS; EXPOSURE; RATS; FIBRINOGEN; RISK AB The mechanism underlying procoagulative effects of air pollution particle exposure is not known. The authors tested the postulate that (1) the water-soluble components of an air pollution particle could affect whole-blood coagulation time and (2) metals included in this fraction were responsible for this effect. Exposure to the water-soluble fraction of particulate matter (PM), at doses as low as 50 ng/ml original particle, significantly diminished the whole-blood coagulation time. Inclusion of deferoxamine prolonged coagulation time following the exposures to the water-soluble fraction, whereas equivalent doses of ferroxamine had no effect. Except for nickel, all metal sulfates shortened the whole-blood coagulation time. Iron and zinc were two metals with the greatest capacity to reduce the coagulation time, with an effect observed at 10 ng/ml. Finally, in contrast to the anticoagulants citrate and EDTA, their iron complexes were found to be procoagulative. The authors conclude that metals in the water-soluble fraction of air pollution particles decrease whole-blood coagulation time. These metals can potentially contribute to procoagulative effects observed following human exposures to air pollution particles. C1 [Sangani, Rahul G.; Soukup, Joleen M.; Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] Duke Univ, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protecting Agency FX This research was supported by funds from the U.S. Environmental Protecting Agency. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 22 IS 8 BP 621 EP 626 DI 10.3109/08958371003599037 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 633VU UT WOS:000280535700001 PM 20388004 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, G Foos, B Dzubow, RB Firestone, M AF Ginsberg, Gary Foos, Brenda Dzubow, Rebecca Brown Firestone, Michael TI Options for incorporating children's inhaled dose into human health risk assessment SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FINE-PARTICLE DEPOSITION; AIR-POLLUTION; PHARMACOKINETIC DIFFERENCES; INHALATION DOSIMETRY; INFANT-MORTALITY; RHESUS-MONKEYS; HUMAN-LUNG; ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICANTS; UNCERTAINTY FACTORS; RESPIRATORY-TRACT AB Increasing attention has been placed on inhalation dosimetry in children because of children's greater air intake rate and unique windows of vulnerability for various toxicants and health outcomes. However, risk assessments have not incorporated this information because dosimetric adjustments have focused upon extrapolation across species rather than across age groups within the human population. The objectives of this study were to synthesize information regarding child/adult intake and dosimetry differences for particles and gases for potential application to risk assessment. Data and models gathered at a 2006 workshop and more recent studies were reviewed to better understand lung development and inhaled dose in children. The results show that child/adult differences exist both on a chemical intake basis and on a deposited or systemic dose basis. These differences can persist for several years and are not captured by standard intraspecies uncertainty factors or by USEPA's reference concentration (RfC) methodology. Options for incorporating children's inhalation exposures into human risk assessments include (1) 3-fold default air intake adjustment for the first 3 years of life with a reduced factor for older children; (2) superseding this default via simplified dosimetry models akin to USEPA's RfC methodology modified for children; (3) utilizing more sophisticated models with better anatomical and air flow descriptions; (4) running these models with input distributions to reflect interchild variability; (5) developing more advanced approaches involving imaging techniques and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models. These options will enable children's inhaled dose to have a quantitative role in risk assessment that has been lacking and will establish a basis for ongoing research. C1 [Ginsberg, Gary] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Sch Community Med, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. [Foos, Brenda; Firestone, Michael] US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect & Environm Educ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Dzubow, Rebecca Brown] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ginsberg, G (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Sch Community Med, 270 Farmington Ave,Bldg 3,2nd floor, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. EM gary.ginsberg@ct.gov FU USEPA [EP-W-04-049]; ICF Services Company, L.L.C., [28OR00785] FX This project was funded by contract no. EP-W-04-049 between USEPA and ICF Services Company, L.L.C., with a subcontract (no. 28OR00785) arranged by ICF Services Company, L.L.C., with G.G. NR 107 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 22 IS 8 BP 627 EP 647 DI 10.3109/08958371003610958 PG 21 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 633VU UT WOS:000280535700002 PM 20540622 ER PT J AU Hernandez, ML Harris, B Lay, JC Bromberg, PA Diaz-Sanchez, D Devlin, RB Kleeberger, SR Alexis, NE Peden, DB AF Hernandez, Michelle L. Harris, Bradford Lay, John C. Bromberg, Philip A. Diaz-Sanchez, David Devlin, Robert B. Kleeberger, Steven R. Alexis, Neil E. Peden, David B. TI Comparative airway inflammatory response of normal volunteers to ozone and lipopolysaccharide challenge SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATOPIC ASTHMATIC SUBJECTS; PHAGOCYTES IN-VIVO; S-TRANSFERASE M1; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; INHALED ENDOTOXIN; NEUTROPHIL RESPONSE; ALLERGIC RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; LPS; POLLUTION AB Ozone and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are environmental pollutants with adverse health effects noted in both healthy and asthmatic individuals. The authors and others have shown that inhalation of ozone and LPS both induce airway neutrophilia. Based on these similarities, the authors tested the hypothesis that common biological factors determine response to these two different agents. Fifteen healthy, nonasthmatic volunteers underwent a 0.4 part per million ozone exposure for 2 h while performing intermittent moderate exercise. These same subjects underwent an inhaled LPS challenge with 20,000 LPS units of Clinical Center Reference LPS, with a minimum of 1 month separating these two challenge sessions. Induced sputum was obtained 24 h before and 4-6 h after each exposure session. Sputum was assessed for total and differential cell counts and expression of cell surface proteins as measured by flow cytometry. Sputum supernatants were assayed for cytokine concentration. Both ozone and LPS challenge augmented sputum neutrophils and subjects' responses were significantly correlated (R = .73) with each other. Ozone had greater overall influence on cell surface proteins by modifying both monocytes (CD14, human leukocyte antigen [HLA]-DR, CD11b) and macrophages (CD11b, HLA-DR) versus LPS where CD14 and HLA-DR were modified only on monocytes. However, LPS significantly increased interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, with no significant increases seen after ozone challenge. Ozone and LPS exposure in healthy volunteers induce similar neutrophil responses in the airways; however, downstream activation of innate immune responses differ, suggesting that oxidant versus bacterial air pollutants may be mediated by different mechanisms. C1 [Hernandez, Michelle L.; Harris, Bradford] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Lay, John C.; Bromberg, Philip A.; Alexis, Neil E.; Peden, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kleeberger, Steven R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Genet Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hernandez, ML (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM michelle_hernandez@med.unc.edu RI Lay, John/A-6380-2012 FU National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences [R01ES012706]; National Center for Research Resources [KL2RR025746, UL1RR025746]; US Environmental Protection Agency [CR 83346301] FX The project was supported by Award Number R01ES012706 from the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, KL2RR025746 (M.L.H.) and UL1RR025746 from the National Center for Research Resources, and CR 83346301 from the US Environmental Protection Agency. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, the National Center for Research Resources, the National Institutes of Health, or the United States Environmental Protection Agency. NR 45 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 22 IS 8 BP 648 EP 656 DI 10.3109/08958371003610966 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 633VU UT WOS:000280535700003 PM 20540623 ER PT J AU Rivera-Nunez, Z Meliker, JR Linder, AM Nriagu, JO AF Rivera-Nunez, Zorimar Meliker, Jaymie R. Linder, Aaron M. Nriagu, Jerome O. TI Reliability of spot urine samples in assessing arsenic exposure SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Urine; First morning void urine sample; Spot urine sample; Biomarker ID BLADDER-CANCER RISK; DRINKING-WATER; POPULATION; METHYLATION; SPECIATION; CREATININE; EXCRETION; GRAVITY; VARIABILITY; METABOLISM AB Urinary arsenic concentration is often used as a biomarker of arsenic exposure. First morning void (FMV) and spot urine samples from 131 participants in southeastern Michigan were analyzed using an HPLC-IC-PMS system for six different arsenic species: arsenobetaine (AsB), arsenite (As[III]), arsenate (As[V]), methylarsonous acid MMA[III], methylarsenic acid MMA[V], and dimethylarsenic DMA[V]. Bland-Altman Plots, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Pearson correlation procedures were used to evaluate the relationship between the arsenic species in FMV and spot urine collections after normalizing the samples by specific gravity. DMA[III] and MMA[III] were not detected in any of the samples. The sum of As[III], As[V], MMA[V], and DMA[V] was designated SumAs. The ICC between SumAs in FMV and SumAs in spot samples was 0.90. The ICC showed that 90% of variation comes from between individuals and not within individuals. A significant correlation (r = 0.80 p < 0.001) was observed between FMV and spot samples for SumAs. The spot sample were a good predictor of the MMA[V] (r = 0.83 p < 0.0001), and DMA[V] (r = 0.77 p < 0.0001) in the FMV sample. These associations suggest that either FMV or spot samples can be used as an adequate bioindicator of arsenic metabolites in human urine. The benefit of using spot urine samples, instead of 24-h or FMV urine samples, is the potential reduction in budgetary and logistic requirements in epidemiological studies. (C) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Rivera-Nunez, Zorimar; Linder, Aaron M.; Nriagu, Jerome O.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Meliker, Jaymie R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Prevent Med, Grad Program Publ Hlth, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Rivera-Nunez, Z (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther KIng Dr,MS A-110, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rivera-nunez.zorimar@epa.gov NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 213 IS 4 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.03.003 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 633WX UT WOS:000280538800004 PM 20427236 ER PT J AU Wood, JP Lemieux, P Betancourt, D Kariher, P Gatchalian, NG AF Wood, J. P. Lemieux, P. Betancourt, D. Kariher, P. Gatchalian, N. G. TI Dry thermal resistance of Bacillus anthracis (Sterne) spores and spores of other Bacillus species: implications for biological agent destruction via waste incineration SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus atrophaeus; dry heat inactivation; Geobacillus stearothermophilus; incineration; spores ID BUILDING DECONTAMINATION RESIDUE; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; BACTERIAL-SPORES; GENE RPOB; HEAT; IDENTIFICATION AB Aims: To obtain needed data on the dry thermal resistance of Bacillus anthracis spores and other Bacillus species for waste incinerator applications. Methods and Results: Tests were conducted in a pilot-scale incinerator utilizing biological indicators comprised of spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus atrophaeus and B. anthracis (Sterne) and embedded in building material bundles. Tests were also conducted in a dry heat oven to determine the destruction kinetics for the same species. In the pilot-scale incinerator tests, B. atrophaeus and G. stearothermophilus demonstrated similar thermal sensitivity, but B. anthracis (Sterne) was less thermally resistant than G. stearothermophilus. For the dry heat oven tests conducted at 175 degrees C, the D-values were 0 center dot 4, 0 center dot 2 and 0 center dot 3 min for B. atrophaeus, B. anthracis (Sterne) and G. stearothermophilus, respectively. Conclusions: Bacillus anthracis (Sterne) possesses similar or less dry heat resistance compared to B. atrophaeus and G. stearothermophilus. Significance and Impact of the Study: Previous studies have demonstrated conditions under which bacterial spores may survive in an incinerator environment. The data from this study may assist in the selection of surrogates or indicator micro-organisms to ensure B. anthracis spores embedded in building materials are completely inactivated in an incinerator. C1 [Wood, J. P.; Lemieux, P.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Betancourt, D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kariher, P.; Gatchalian, N. G.] ARCADIS US Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Wood, JP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Mail Code E343-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM wood.joe@epa.gov OI Wood, Joseph/0000-0001-6316-9418 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 109 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04632.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 609RH UT WOS:000278674300009 PM 20015207 ER PT J AU Rigor, RR Hawkins, BT Miller, DS AF Rigor, Robert R. Hawkins, Brian T. Miller, David S. TI Activation of PKC isoform beta(I) at the blood-brain barrier rapidly decreases P-glycoprotein activity and enhances drug delivery to the brain SO JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE blood-brain barrier; CNS drugs; P-glycoprotein; PKCbeta; protein kinase C; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; INDUCED UP-REGULATION; TRANSPORT ACTIVITY; IN-VITRO; MODULATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; ENDOTHELIN-1; PERMEABILITY; INHIBITION AB P-glycoprotein is an ATP (adenosine triphosphate)-driven drug efflux transporter that is highly expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and is a major obstacle to the pharmacotherapy of central nervous system diseases, including brain tumors, neuro-AIDS, and epilepsy. Previous studies have shown that P-glycoprotein transport activity in rat brain capillaries is rapidly reduced by the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) acting through protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent signaling. In this study, we used isolated rat brain capillaries to show that the TNF-alpha-induced reduction of P-glycoprotein activity was prevented by a PKC beta(I/II) inhibitor, LY333531, and mimicked by a PKC beta(I/II) activator, 12-deoxyphorbol-13-phenylacetate-20-acetate (dPPA). Western blotting of brain capillary extracts with phospho-specific antibodies showed that dPPA activated PKC beta(I), but not PKC beta(II). Moreover, in intact rats, intracarotid infusion of dPPA potently increased brain accumulation of the P-glycoprotein substrate, [H-3]-verapamil without compromising tight junction integrity. Thus, PKC beta(I) activation selectively reduced P-glycoprotein activity both in vitro and in vivo. Targeting PKC beta(I) at the BBB may prove to be an effective strategy for enhancing the delivery of small molecule therapeutics to the brain. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (2010) 30, 1373-1383; doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2010.21; published online 3 March 2010 C1 [Rigor, Robert R.; Hawkins, Brian T.; Miller, David S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Miller, DS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacol Lab, NIH, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM miller@niehs.nih.gov OI Rigor, Robert/0000-0001-6234-1992 FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This study was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0271-678X J9 J CEREBR BLOOD F MET JI J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1373 EP 1383 DI 10.1038/jcbfm.2010.21 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 619CY UT WOS:000279408000012 PM 20197783 ER PT J AU Pleil, JD Stiegel, MA Sobus, JR Tabucchi, S Ghio, AJ Madden, MC AF Pleil, J. D. Stiegel, M. A. Sobus, J. R. Tabucchi, S. Ghio, A. J. Madden, M. C. TI Cumulative exposure assessment for trace-level polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using human blood and plasma analysis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Human blood; Systems biology; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Exposure assessment; Internal dose; GC-MS ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; LIQUID-LIQUID-EXTRACTION; JET FUEL; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; BIOMONITORING DATA; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CANCER-RISK; BIOMARKERS; AIR AB Humans experience chronic cumulative trace-level exposure to mixtures of volatile, semi-volatile, and non-volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in the environment as by-products of combustion processes. Certain PAHs are known or suspected human carcinogens and so we have developed methodology for measuring their circulating (blood borne) concentrations as a tool to assess internal dose and health risk. We use liquid/liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and present analytical parameters including dynamic range (0-250 ng/ml), linearity (>0.99 for all compounds), and instrument sensitivity (range 2-22 pg/ml) for a series of 22 PAHs representing 2-6-rings. The method is shown to be sufficiently sensitive for estimating PAHs baseline levels (typical median range from 1 to 1000 pg/ml) in groups of normal control subjects using 1-ml aliquots of human plasma but we note that some individuals have very low background concentrations for 5- and 6-ring compounds that fall below robust quantitation levels. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pleil, J. D.; Stiegel, M. A.; Sobus, J. R.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, NERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tabucchi, S.] Univ Pisa, Dept Chem & Ind Chem, Pisa, Italy. [Ghio, A. J.; Madden, M. C.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, NHEERL ORD, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Pleil, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, NERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pleil.joachim@epa.gov OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency administrative review and approved for publication. NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 878 IS 21 BP 1753 EP 1760 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.04.035 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 620ON UT WOS:000279509300005 PM 20488767 ER PT J AU Froede, CR AF Froede, Carl R., Jr. TI Constructed Sand Dunes on the Developed Barrier-Spit Portion of Dauphin Island, Alabama (USA) SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dauphin Island; Hurricane Georges; Hurricane Isidore; Hurricane Ivan; Hurricane Katrina; Hurricane Gustav; constructed shore-parallel sand dune; elevated tides; storm waves; beach erosion AB In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina segmented Dauphin Island into Dauphin Island East and Dauphin Island West. Prior to this event, the island was a 23-km-long microtidal composite barrier island located in the northern Gulf of Mexico approximately 8.0 km offshore from southwestern Alabama (U.S.A.). The eastern portion of Dauphin Island was morphologically a barrier island, and it experienced gulf-facing beach erosion at several isolated hot spots. The western portion of Dauphin Island was an elongated barrier spit with little topographic relief, and it experienced gulf-facing beach erosion and occasional washover due to elevated tides and storm waves. The protection and preservation of the residential property on the barrier-spit portion of the island has been a priority for the incorporated Town of Dauphin Island since the late 1970s. On two separate occasions the Town of Dauphin Island combined funds with those provided by the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency and contracted the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to construct a shore-parallel sand dune. The first dune was built following Hurricane Georges and the second after Hurricane Katrina. Both of these structures were completely eroded away within a short span of time, the post-Hurricane Georges dune in 27 months and the post-Hurricane Katrina dune in 15 months. Despite the high cost, limited effectiveness, and short service life of constructed sand dunes, the remaining options are either unacceptable (e.g., beach armoring, land use reclassification, or abandonment) or too costly (e.g., engineered beach). Constructed shore-parallel sand dunes will likely remain integral to the protection and preservation of the residentially developed, barrier-spit portion of Dauphin Island East due to its low relief and the high probability of washover events from elevated tides and storm waves. C1 US EPA, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Froede, CR (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 4,61 Forsyth St SW, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 699 EP 703 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00028.1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 629OW UT WOS:000280210500012 ER PT J AU Subramanian, SB Yan, S Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY AF Subramanian, S. Bala Yan, Song Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. TI SSPRSD Using a Filamentous Fungal Strain Penicillium expansum BS30 Isolated from Wastewater Sludge SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Filamentous fungi; Activated sludge; Zeta potential; Sludge settling; Dewatering ID ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; LACCASE GENE; WHITE-ROT; BIOFLOCCULATION; SEQUENCES; DIGESTION; IDENTIFICATION; PCR; PURIFICATION; MECHANISMS AB A filamentous fungal strain (Penicillium expansum BS30) isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant was used in this study to simultaneously reduce sludge solids, pathogens, and improve the sludge settling and dewaterability [simultaneous solids and pathogens reduction, settling and dewatering (SSPRSD)] in shake flask and 10-L bioreactor experiments. The fungal strain role in the SSPRSD process was evaluated at different temperatures and inoculum (spores) concentrations. The best performance of the process was achieved at incubation temperature of 25 degrees C and inoculum concentration of 10(6) spores/mL. At these optimal conditions, suspended solids (SS) and volatile SS were degraded >50 and >53%, respectively. The capillary suction time value recorded (< 13 s) was lower than that required for sludge dewaterability (< 20 s). The populations of total coliforms and Salmonella (pathogen indicators) were reduced by two and four log cycles, respectively. A study on molecular screening of penicillin biosynthesis gene cluster and toxic organic compounds degrading machinery of the fungal strain was also conducted. It was found that the fungal strain possessed the penicillin-producing gene and toxic organic compounds degrading genes, and therefore may be helpful in degrading these compounds. C1 [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca OI Sellamuthu, Balassubramanian/0000-0002-7018-6854 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A 4984]; Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), Quebec FX Sincere thanks are due to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant No. A 4984, Canada Research Chair) for their financial support. Thanks to the Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), Quebec for providing Ph.D. scholarship to S. B. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the writers and should not be construed as the opinions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2010 VL 136 IS 7 BP 719 EP 730 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000217 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 612OK UT WOS:000278909200008 ER PT J AU Fairey, JL Wahman, DG Lowry, GV AF Fairey, Julian L. Wahman, David G. Lowry, Gregory V. TI Effects of Natural Organic Matter on PCB-Activated Carbon Sorption Kinetics: Implications for Sediment Capping Applications SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ADSORPTION; WATER; RIVER; CONGENERS; ADSORBERS; CHEMICALS; DESIGN AB In situ capping of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated sediments with a laver of activated carbon has been proposed, but several questions remain regarding the long-term effectiveness of this remediation strategy Here, we assess the degree to which kinetic limitations, size exclusion effects, and electrostatic repulsions impaired PCB sorption to activated carbon Sorption of 11 PCB congeners with activated carbon was studied I it fixed bed reactors with organic-free water (OFW) and Suwannee River natural organic matter (SR-NOM). made by reconstituting freeze-dried SR-NOM at a concentration of 10 mg L(-1) as carbon In the OFW test, no PCBs were detected in the column effluent over the 390-d study, indicating that PCB-activated carbon equilibrium sorption capacities may be achieved before breakthrough even at the relatively high hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 3.1 m h(-1) However, in the SR-NOM fixed-bed test, partial PCB breakthrough occurred over the entire 320-d test (HLRs of 3 1-, 1 5-, and 0 8 m h(-1)) Simulations from a modified pore and surface diffusion model indicated that external (film diffusion) mass transfer was the dominant rate-limiting step bur that internal (pore diffusion) mass transfer limitations were also present The external mass transfer limitation was likely caused by formation of PCB NOM complexes that reduced PCB sorption through a combination of (i) increased film diffusion resistance, (ii) size exclusion effects, and (iii) electrostatic repulsive forces between the PCBs and the NOM-coated activated carbon. However, the seepage velocities in the SR-NOM fixed bed test were about 1000 times higher than would be expected in a sediment cap Therefore. additional studies arc needed to assess whether the mass transfer limitations described here would he likely to manifest themselves at the lower seepage velocities observed in practice C1 [Fairey, Julian L.] Univ Arkansas, Dep Civil Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Wahman, David G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lowry, Gregory V.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dep Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Fairey, JL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dep Civil Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. OI Wahman, David/0000-0002-0167-8468 FU Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology (CICEET); NIEHS [UTA07821] FX This work was funded by The Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology (CICEET) and by the NIEHS (UTA07821) We thank WaterQUEST at CMU for laboratory equipment and maintenance support, Ron Ripper at CMU for assistance with the experimental work, and Tom Speth at die USEPA for valuable insight into the modeling efforts. The USEPA, through its Office of Research and Development, collaborated in the research described herein It has been approved for external publication Any opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1359 EP 1368 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0505 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620QK UT WOS:000279514200026 PM 20830924 ER PT J AU Nigro, J Toll, D Partington, E Ni-Meister, W Lee, S Gutierrez-Magness, A Engman, T Arsenault, K AF Nigro, Joseph Toll, David Partington, Ed Ni-Meister, Wenge Lee, Shihyan Gutierrez-Magness, Angelica Engman, Ted Arsenault, Kristi TI NASA-Modified Precipitation Products to Improve USEPA Nonpoint Source Water Quality Modeling for the Chesapeake Bay SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; HSPF AB The USEPA has estimated that over 20,000 water bodies within the United States do nor meet water quality standards One of the regulations in the Clean Water Act of 1972 requires states to monitor die total maximum daily load, or the amount of pollution that can be carried by a water body before it is determined to be "polluted," for any watershed in the United States (Copeland. 2005) In response to this mandate, the USEPA developed Better Assessment Science Integrating Nonpoint Sources (BASINS) as a decision support tool for assessing pollution and to guide the decision-making process for improving water quality One of the models in BASINS, the Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF). computes continuous streamflow rates and pollutant concentration at each basin outlet By design. precipitation and other meteorological clam from weather stations serve as standard model input In practice, these stations may be unable to capture the spatial heterogeneity of precipitation events, especially if they are few and far between An attempt was made to resolve this issue by substituting station data with NASA-modified/NOAA precipitation data Using these data within HSPF, streamflow was calculated for seven watersheds in the Chesapeake Bay Basin during low flow periods, convective storm periods, and annual flows In almost every case, the modeling performance of HSPF increased when using the NASA-modified precipitation data, resulting in better streamflow statistics and, potentially, in improved water quality assessment C1 [Nigro, Joseph] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Nigro, Joseph; Toll, David; Engman, Ted] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Partington, Ed] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Ni-Meister, Wenge; Lee, Shihyan] CUNY, Hunter Coll, Dep Geog, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Gutierrez-Magness, Angelica] US Geol Survey, Maryland Delaware DC Water Sci Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Gutierrez-Magness, Angelica] Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Arsenault, Kristi] Ctr Res Environm & Water, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. RP Nigro, J (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1388 EP 1401 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0161 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620QK UT WOS:000279514200029 PM 20830927 ER PT J AU Anastas, P Teichman, K Hubal, EC AF Anastas, Paul Teichman, Kevin Hubal, Elaine Cohen TI Ensuring the safety of chemicals SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Anastas, Paul; Teichman, Kevin; Hubal, Elaine Cohen] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Hubal, EC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Hubal.Elaine@epamail.epa.gov RI Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013 OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172 NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 20 IS 5 BP 395 EP 396 DI 10.1038/jes.2010.28 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 612TJ UT WOS:000278925900001 PM 20562881 ER PT J AU McIntosh, R Lee, SR Ghio, AJ Xi, JK Zhu, M Shen, XJ Chanoit, G Zvara, DA Xu, ZL AF McIntosh, Rachel Lee, SungRyul Ghio, Andrew J. Xi, Jinkun Zhu, Min Shen, Xiangjun Chanoit, Guillaume Zvara, David A. Xu, Zhelong TI The critical role of intracellular zinc in adenosine A(2) receptor activation induced cardioprotection against reperfusion injury SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE A(2) receptor; Intracellular zinc; NECA; Reperfusion injury; mPTP; Mitochondrial metabolism ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; RABBIT HEARTS; LIMITS INFARCTION; OXIDANT DAMAGE; NITRIC-OXIDE; RAT HEARTS; ZN2+; INHIBITION; CELLS AB Exogenous zinc can protect cardiac cells from reperfusion injury, but the exact roles of endogenous zinc in the pathogenesis of reperfusion injury and in adenosine A(2) receptor activation-induced cardioprotection against reperfusion injury remain unknown Adenosine A(1)/A(2) receptor agonist 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido) adenosine (NECA) given at reperfusion reduced infarct size in isolated rat hearts subjected to 30 nun ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion This effect of NECA was partially but significantly blocked by the zinc chelator N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN), and ZnCl2 given at reperfusion mimicked the effect of NECA by reducing infarct size. Total tissue zinc concentrations measured with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICPOES) were decreased upon reperfusion in rat hearts and this was reversed by NECA NECA increased intracellular free zinc during reperfusion in the heart Confocal imaging study showed a rapid increase in intracellular free zinc in isolated rat cardiomyocytes treated with NECA. Further experiments revealed that NECA increased total zinc levels upon reperfusion in mitochondria isolated from isolated hearts. NECA attenuated mitochondrial swelling upon reperfusion in isolated hearts and this was inhibited by TPEN. Similarly, NECA prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta Psi m) caused by oxidant stress in cardiomyocytes Finally, both NECA and ZnCl2 inhibited the mitochondrial metabolic activity NECA-induced cardioprotection against reperfusion injury is mediated by intracellular zinc NECA prevents reperfusion-induced zinc loss and relocates zinc to mitochondria. The inhibitory effects of zinc on both the mPTP opening and the mitochondrial metabolic activity may account for the cardioprotective effect of NECA (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [McIntosh, Rachel; Lee, SungRyul; Xi, Jinkun; Zhu, Min; Shen, Xiangjun; Chanoit, Guillaume; Zvara, David A.; Xu, Zhelong] Univ N Carolina, Dept Anesthesiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Xu, ZL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Anesthesiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU National Institute of Health [HL08336] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Health grant HL08336 (to Dr. Xu). NR 35 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2828 EI 1095-8584 J9 J MOL CELL CARDIOL JI J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 49 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.02.001 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Cell Biology SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Cell Biology GA 610QW UT WOS:000278750300006 PM 20144616 ER PT J AU Bezawada, J Yan, S John, RP Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY AF Bezawada, Jyothi Yan, S. John, Rojan P. Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Augmentation of Protease Production by Supplementing Carbon and Nitrogen Sources into Wastewater Sludge Medium SO JOURNAL OF RESIDUALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION; EXTRACELLULAR ALKALINE PROTEASE; RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; BACILLUS-LICHENIFORMIS; RAW-MATERIAL; OPTIMIZATION; SUBSTRATE; GROWTH AB Production of alkaline protease by B. licheniformis ATCC 21424 using wastewater sludge supplemented with different carbon (glucose, maltose, lactose, fructose and starch) and nitrogen (soybean meal, casaamino acids, peptone and (NH(4))(2)SO(4)) sources was investigated to enhance the production. Lactose 1.5% (w/v) as a carbon source and soybean meal 1.5% (w/v) as a nitrogen source has displayed the highest protease production in both shake flask and fermentor among all tested carbon and nitrogen sources. Controlled parameters in the fermentor created a higher total cell count, spore count, mu(max), protease activity and specific activity compared to shake flask experiments. Protease activity in the fermentor (15 IU/mL) was 2.6 times higher than that of shake flask (5.7 IU/mL). C1 [Bezawada, Jyothi; Yan, S.; John, Rojan P.; Tyagi, R. D.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca RI Pappy John, Rojan/C-6571-2009; OI P. John, Rojan/0000-0002-9703-1238 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A4984] FX The authors are sincerely thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grants A4984, Canada Research Chair) for financial support. Views and opinions expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and should not be construed as opinions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 1544-8053 J9 J RESIDUALS SCI TECH JI J. Residuals Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 7 IS 3 BP 161 EP 172 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 635TI UT WOS:000280678900005 ER PT J AU Tian, D Cohan, DS Napelenok, S Bergin, M Hu, YT Chang, M Russell, AG AF Tian, Di Cohan, Daniel S. Napelenok, Sergey Bergin, Michelle Hu, Yongtao Chang, Michael Russell, Armistead G. TI Uncertainty Analysis of Ozone Formation and Response to Emission Controls Using Higher-Order Sensitivities SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCHEMICAL MODELS AB Understanding ozone response to its precursor emissions is crucial for effective air quality management practices. This nonlinear response is usually simulated using chemical transport models, and the modeling results are affected by uncertainties in emissions inputs. In this study, a high ozone episode in the southeastern United States is simulated using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Uncertainties in ozone formation and response to emissions controls due to uncertainties in emission rates are quantified using the Monte Carlo method. Instead of propagating emissions uncertainties through the original CMAQ a reduced form of CMAQ is formulated using directly calculated first- and second-order sensitivities that capture the nonlinear ozone concentration-emission responses. This modification greatly reduces the associated computational cost. Quantified uncertainties in modeled ozone concentrations and responses to various emissions controls are much less than the uncertainties in emissions inputs. Average uncertainties in modeled ozone concentrations for the Atlanta area are less than 10% (as measured by the inferred coefficient of variance [ICOV]) even when emissions uncertainties are assumed to vary between a factor of 1.5 and 2. Uncertainties in the ozone responses generally decrease with increased emission controls. Average uncertainties (ICOV) in emission-normalized ozone responses range from 4 to 22%, with the smaller being associated with controlling of the relatively certain point nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions and the larger resulting from controlling of the less certain mobile NO emissions. These small uncertainties provide confidence in the model applications, such as in performance evaluation, attainment demonstration, and control strategy development. C1 [Tian, Di; Bergin, Michelle] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Environm Protect Div, Atlanta, GA 30354 USA. [Cohan, Daniel S.] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX USA. [Napelenok, Sergey] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hu, Yongtao; Chang, Michael; Russell, Armistead G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Tian, D (reprint author), Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Environm Protect Div, 4244 Int Pkwy,Suite 120, Atlanta, GA 30354 USA. EM di.tian@gmail.com RI Cohan, Daniel/E-6595-2010; Napelenok, Sergey/I-7986-2014; Hu, Yongtao/H-7543-2016 OI Cohan, Daniel/0000-0003-0415-7980; Napelenok, Sergey/0000-0002-7038-7445; Hu, Yongtao/0000-0002-5161-0592 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 19 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 60 IS 7 BP 797 EP 804 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.60.7.797 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 621IQ UT WOS:000279570100005 ER PT J AU Perdivara, I Deterding, LJ Przybylski, M Tomer, KB AF Perdivara, Irina Deterding, Leesa J. Przybylski, Michael Tomer, Kenneth B. TI Mass Spectrometric Identification of Oxidative Modifications of Tryptophan Residues in Proteins: Chemical Artifact or Post-Translational Modification? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; PEPTIDE; COMPLEXES; MS/MS AB Oxidative modification of tryptophan to kynurenine (KYN) and N-formyl kynurenine (NFK) has been described in mitochondrial proteins associated with redox metabolism, and in human cataract lenses. To a large extent, however, previously reported identifications of these modifications were performed using peptide mass fingerprinting and/or tandem-MS data of proteins separated by gel electrophoresis. To date, it is uncertain whether NFK and KYN may represent sample handling artifacts or exclusively post-translational events. To address the problem of the origin of tryptophan oxidation, we characterized several antibodies by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, with and without the use of electrophoretic separation of heavy and light chains. Antibodies are not normally expected to undergo oxidative modifications, however, several tryptophan (Trp) residues on both heavy and light chains were found extensively modified to both doubly oxidized Trp and KYN following SDS-PAGE separation and in-gel digestion. In contrast, those residues were observed as non-modified upon in-solution digestion. These results indicate that Trp oxidation may occur as an artifact in proteins separated by SDS-PAGE, and their presence should be carefully interpreted, especially when gel electrophoretic separation methods are employed. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2010, 21, 1114-1117) (C) 2010 American Society for Mass Spectrometry C1 [Perdivara, Irina; Deterding, Leesa J.; Tomer, Kenneth B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Przybylski, Michael] Univ Konstanz, Dept Chem, Lab Analyt Chem & Biopolymer Struct Anal, D-78457 Constance, Germany. RP Tomer, KB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, 111 TW Alexander Dr,MD F0-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Michael.Przybylski@uni-konstanz.de; tomer@niehs.nih.gov RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013 FU National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health [ES050171]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn, Germany [PR-175-13-1, FO-753] FX The authors acknowledge support for this work, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health (project ES050171), and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn, Germany (PR-175-13-1 and FO-753). NR 23 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1114 EP 1117 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.02.016 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 623KA UT WOS:000279737200004 PM 20219394 ER PT J AU Rao, D Rylander, H Drees, R Schwarz, T Steinberg, H AF Rao, Deepa Rylander, Helena Drees, Randi Schwarz, Tobias Steinberg, Howard TI Granular cell tumor in a lumbar spinal nerve of a dog SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Canine; dogs; granular cell tumor; immunohistochemistry; neuron-specific enolase; S100; spinal nerve ID MYOBLASTOMA; SCHWANNOMA; TONGUE; HORSE; LESIONS; ORIGIN; SYSTEM AB A 2-year-old Great Dane dog with a 2.5-week history of progressive paraparesis was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Neurologic examination revealed nonambulatory paraparesis with reduced to absent withdrawal hind-limb reflexes and lumbar pain. Magnetic resonance imaging and gross pathology confirmed a-larger regional lumbar mass and a second smaller extradural mass within the spinal canal. The left lumbar mass was associated with extensive hemorrhage; dissection showed a dark-red, soft, well-circumscribed mass measuring 2 cm x 1.5 cm x 0.5 cm within the left fourth lumbar spinal nerve. Histopathological evaluation with immunohistochemistry revealed sheets of round to polygonal cells with diffuse granular cytoplasm demonstrating diastase-resistant periodic acid Schiff reactivity and positive immunoexpression of S100 and neuron-specific enolase. The smaller extradural mass within the spinal canal exhibited similar morphology. Based on gross, histological, and immunohistochemical evidence, the masses were diagnosed as granular cell tumor. C1 [Rao, Deepa] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Rao, Deepa; Rylander, Helena; Drees, Randi; Schwarz, Tobias; Steinberg, Howard] Univ Wisconsin, Vet Med Teaching Hosp, Madison, WI USA. [Schwarz, Tobias] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Rao, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Mail Code B3-06,South Campus,111 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM raod2@niehs.nih.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 638 EP 642 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 626MO UT WOS:000279970300025 PM 20622241 ER PT J AU Propato, M Sarrazy, F Tryby, M AF Propato, Marco Sarrazy, Fanny Tryby, Michael TI Linear Algebra and Minimum Relative Entropy to Investigate Contamination Events in Drinking Water Systems SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Water distribution; Water quality; Water pollution; Pollution sources; Algorithms ID MAXIMUM-ENTROPY; MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; INVERSION; NETWORKS; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNICATION; INFORMATION; PRINCIPLE; MODELS AB A two-step approach is proposed to assist forensic investigation of possible source locations following a contaminant detection in drinking water systems. Typically this identification problem is ill posed as it has more unknowns than observations. First, linear algebra is employed to rule out potential contaminant injections. Second, an entropic-based Bayesian inversion technique, the minimum relative entropy method, solves for the remaining variables. This formulation allows for the less committed prior distribution with respect to unknown information and can include model uncertainties and measurement errors. The solution is a space-time contaminant concentration probability density function accounting for the various possible injections that may be the cause of the observed data. Besides, a probability measure quantifying the odds of being the actual location of contamination is assigned to each potential source. Effectiveness and features of the method are studied on two example networks. C1 [Propato, Marco; Sarrazy, Fanny] CEMAGREF, UR REBX, F-33612 Cestas, France. [Tryby, Michael] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Propato, M (reprint author), CEMAGREF, UR REBX, 50 Ave Verdun Gazinet, F-33612 Cestas, France. EM marco.propato@cemagref.fr; fanny.sarrazy@cea.fr; tryby.michael@epa.gov FU European Community [FP7/2007-2011, 21796] FX Cemagref received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2011) under Grant Agreement No. 21796 for the research leading to these results. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 136 IS 4 BP 483 EP 492 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000059 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 612NV UT WOS:000278907300008 ER PT J AU Vonderheide, AP Thaxton, K Kauffman, PE Morgan, JN AF Vonderheide, Anne P. Thaxton, Kurt Kauffman, Peter E. Morgan, Jeffrey N. TI Investigation of reagent gases for the positive chemical ionization of select polybrominated diphenyl ethers SO MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Brominated flame retardants; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; DE-71; Ion trap; Positive chemical ionization ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; RESOLUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; BLUE MUSSELS; HUMAN SERUM; HUMAN-MILK; ION-TRAP AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) fall into the class of compounds known as brominated flame retardants and their incorporation in a multitude of products is responsible for saving numerous lives However, toxicology studies have alerted researchers to the potential adverse health effects that may develop as a result of prolonged or extreme exposure to these compounds Frequent disposal and subsequent leaching has focused concern on environmental concentrations and curlew reports cite increasing levels Method development continues in support of this research and the present work examines the feasibility of utilizing gas chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry operating in positive ion chemical ionization mode In the evaluation of reagents for chemical ionization (methane, methanol and acetonitrile), comparative results of all three reagents demonstrated more difficult protonation as the number of bromine atoms increased Methane, possessing the lowest proton affinity, provided the highest response for the analytes Further, when methane chemical ionization was compared to electron impact ionization, the tetra-congener showed approximately 8x greater sensitivity and the penta- and hexa-congeners demonstrated approximately 2x greater Cl parameters, such as ionization and reaction times, were optimized to provide the highest analyte response and this was followed by the investigation of the employment of MS(n) In the this mode, optimal excitation amplitude delivered sufficient fragmentation while maintaining maximum signal, yielding final instrument detection limits in the sub mu g L(-1) range Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Vonderheide, Anne P.; Morgan, Jeffrey N.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Chem Exposure Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Thaxton, Kurt] Varian Inc, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Morgan, JN (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Chem Exposure Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX Disclaimer The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication The mention of commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the United States Environmental Protection Agency NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0026-265X J9 MICROCHEM J JI Microchem J. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 95 IS 2 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.microc.2009.12.014 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 599JM UT WOS:000277907800024 ER PT J AU Batra, VK Beard, WA Hou, EW Pedersen, LC Prasad, R Wilson, SH AF Batra, Vinod K. Beard, William A. Hou, Esther W. Pedersen, Lars C. Prasad, Rajendra Wilson, Samuel H. TI Mutagenic conformation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2 '-dGTP in the confines of a DNA polymerase active site SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL INSIGHTS; BETA; FIDELITY; MECHANISM; LESION; MISINCORPORATION; DUPLEX AB The major product of oxidative base damage is 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanine (8odG). The coding potential of this lesion is modulated by its glycosidic torsion angle that controls whether its Watson-Crick or Hoogsteen edge is used for base pairing. The 2.0-angstrom structure of DNA polymerase (pol) beta bound with 8odGTP opposite template adenine indicates that the modified nucleotide assumes the mutagenic syn conformation and that the nonmutagenic anti conformation would be incompatible with efficient DNA synthesis. C1 [Batra, Vinod K.; Beard, William A.; Hou, Esther W.; Pedersen, Lars C.; Prasad, Rajendra; Wilson, Samuel H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, US Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wilson, SH (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, US Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM wilson5@niehs.nih.gov FU US National Institutes of Health [Z01-ES050158, 1U19CA105010] FX This research was supported by Research Project Number Z01-ES050158 in the Intramural Research Program of the US National Institutes of Health, US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and was in association with the US National Institutes of Health Grant 1U19CA105010. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1545-9993 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 17 IS 7 BP 889 EP 890 DI 10.1038/nsmb.1852 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 622AX UT WOS:000279631500017 PM 20526335 ER PT J AU MacPhail, R AF MacPhail, Robert TI Evaluating the behavioral impact of toxicants in larval zebrafish SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 34th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/50th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/23rd Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 26-30, 2010 CL Louisville, KY SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [MacPhail, Robert] US EPA, RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 32 IS 4 MA NBTS23 BP 502 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.04.024 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 620VF UT WOS:000279528000032 ER PT J AU Moser, V Phillips, P McDaniel, K Gee, J AF Moser, Virginia Phillips, Pamela McDaniel, Katherine Gee, Jill TI Neurobehavioral development following exposure of male mice to polybrominated diphenyl ether 47 on postnatal day 10 SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 34th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/50th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/23rd Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 26-30, 2010 CL Louisville, KY SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Moser, Virginia; Phillips, Pamela; McDaniel, Katherine; Gee, Jill] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gee, Jill] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 32 IS 4 MA NBTS26 BP 503 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.04.027 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 620VF UT WOS:000279528000035 ER PT J AU Gilbert, M Crofton, K Nelson, G Knapp, G AF Gilbert, Mary Crofton, Kevin Nelson, Gail Knapp, Geremy TI Gene expression in developing brain is altered by modest reductions in circulating levels of thyroid hormone SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 34th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/50th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/23rd Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 26-30, 2010 CL Louisville, KY SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Gilbert, Mary; Crofton, Kevin; Nelson, Gail; Knapp, Geremy] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 32 IS 4 MA NBTS28 BP 504 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.04.029 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 620VF UT WOS:000279528000037 ER PT J AU Makris, S Bale, A Raffaele, K AF Makris, Susan Bale, Ambuja Raffaele, Kathleen TI Use of neurodevelopmental data in children for risk assessment of environmental chemicals SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 34th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/50th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/23rd Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 26-30, 2010 CL Louisville, KY SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Makris, Susan; Bale, Ambuja; Raffaele, Kathleen] US EPA, ORD, NCEA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 32 IS 4 MA NBTS33 BP 505 EP 505 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.04.034 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 620VF UT WOS:000279528000042 ER PT J AU Oshiro, WM Krantz, QT Gordon, CJ Kenyon, EM Bushnell, PJ AF Oshiro, W. M. Krantz, Q. T. Gordon, C. J. Kenyon, E. M. Bushnell, P. J. TI Predicting the acute behavioral effects in rats inhaling toluene for up to 24 h: Inhaled vs. internal dose metrics and tolerance SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 34th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/50th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/23rd Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 26-30, 2010 CL Louisville, KY SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Oshiro, W. M.; Krantz, Q. T.; Gordon, C. J.; Kenyon, E. M.; Bushnell, P. J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 32 IS 4 MA NBTS47 BP 509 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.04.048 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 620VF UT WOS:000279528000055 ER PT J AU Iiames, JS AF Iiames, John S. TI From a Post Office Job Advertisement to Helping Shape US-Soviet Strategic Balance: One Perspective of the CIA Corona Program SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material AB The concept of "Six Degrees of Separation," originally coined by Frigyes Karinthy, refers to the idea that everyone is connected to someone on Earth in six steps or less. I have experienced these connections numerous times in my life, but most recently at my parent's 50th wedding anniversary last February. During a toast to my parents (John and Harriet Iiames), my sister. Whiz Iiames-Damutz, commented that our mother left her job with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in order to marry our father. Afterward, one of our guests, Mrs. Bess Long, spoke with me about her career in the early 1960s with the CIA. She told me that her college education as a mathematician landed her a position where she was on a team responsible for georectifying the early spy satellites. She was not completely clear on my research interests or that this was my line of work. I laughed silently as she explained that each satellite sensor had this issue of pitch, roll, and yaw. After she finished I told her that this story was very interesting and it would warrant the full attention of my professional society. I asked her to pen some of her recollections regarding this fascinating era. The following is a brief interview I conducted with Bess a few weeks ago. C1 [Iiames, John S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Iiames, John S.] N Carolina State Univ, Earth Observat Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Iiames, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 76 IS 7 BP 754 EP 754 PG 1 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 616VL UT WOS:000279238500002 ER PT J AU Rozenzhak, S Mejia-Ramirez, E Williams, JS Schaffer, L Hammond, JA Head, SR Russell, P AF Rozenzhak, Sophie Mejia-Ramirez, Eva Williams, Jessica S. Schaffer, Lana Hammond, Jennifer A. Head, Steven R. Russell, Paul TI Rad3(ATR) Decorates Critical Chromosomal Domains with gamma H2A to Protect Genome Integrity during S-Phase in Fission Yeast SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; HISTONE H2AX PHOSPHORYLATION; REPLICATION FORK BARRIERS; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; DNA-REPLICATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; RIBOSOMAL DNA; RNA INTERFERENCE; SMC5-SMC6 COMPLEX; TELOMERE BINDING AB Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rad3 checkpoint kinase and its human ortholog ATR are essential for maintaining genome integrity in cells treated with genotoxins that damage DNA or arrest replication forks. Rad3 and ATR also function during unperturbed growth, although the events triggering their activation and their critical functions are largely unknown. Here, we use ChIP-on-chip analysis to map genomic loci decorated by phosphorylated histone H2A (gamma H2A), a Rad3 substrate that establishes a chromatin-based recruitment platform for Crb2 and Brc1 DNA repair/checkpoint proteins. Unexpectedly, gamma H2A marks a diverse array of genomic features during S-phase, including natural replication fork barriers and a fork breakage site, retrotransposons, heterochromatin in the centromeres and telomeres, and ribosomal RNA (rDNA) repeats. gamma H2A formation at the centromeres and telomeres is associated with heterochromatin establishment by Clr4 histone methyltransferase. We show that gamma H2A domains recruit Brc1, a factor involved in repair of damaged replication forks. Brc1 C-terminal BRCT domain binding to gamma H2A is crucial in the absence of Rqh1(Sgs1), a RecQ DNA helicase required for rDNA maintenance whose human homologs are mutated in patients with Werner, Bloom, and Rothmund-Thomson syndromes that are characterized by cancer-predisposition or accelerated aging. We conclude that Rad3 phosphorylates histone H2A to mobilize Brc1 to critical genomic domains during S-phase, and this pathway functions in parallel with Rqh1 DNA helicase in maintaining genome integrity. C1 [Rozenzhak, Sophie; Mejia-Ramirez, Eva; Russell, Paul] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Williams, Jessica S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Schaffer, Lana; Hammond, Jennifer A.; Head, Steven R.] Scripps Res Inst, DNA Array Core Facil, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Russell, Paul] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Rozenzhak, S (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, 10666 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM prussell@scripps.edu FU Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion; NIH [GM59447, CA7732] FX SR was supported in part by the Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation. EM-R was supported in part by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cienti-fica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica). This work was funded by NIH grants GM59447 and CA7732 awarded to PR. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 105 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 6 IS 7 AR e1001032 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001032 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 633ON UT WOS:000280512700028 PM 20661445 ER PT J AU Weichenthal, S Hancock, S Raffaele, K AF Weichenthal, Scott Hancock, Scott Raffaele, Kathleen TI Statistical power in the analyses of brain weight measures in pesticide neurotoxicity testing and the relationship between brain and body weight SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Developmental neurotoxicity testing; Pesticides; Statistical power ID NEURODEVELOPMENTAL END-POINTS; EXPERT WORKING GROUP; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; UNNECESSARY ADJUSTMENT; P-VALUE; OVERADJUSTMENT AB Few investigations have examined statistical power in studies of pesticide exposure effects on rat brain weight. Using data from developmental neurotoxicity studies conducted by four different laboratories, we evaluated statistical power to detect changes in rat brain weight and examined the relationship between brain and body weight in several age groups. All power calculations assumed an alpha value of 0.05, equal variance between groups, and a sample size of 10/group. Statistical power often varied substantially both within and between laboratories, and for a 5% change in brain weight average between-laboratory differences in power were as large as 34%. Power estimates for individual studies often spanned a range of more than 50% within a given laboratory. The likelihood of detecting a "significant" change smaller than 5% was generally low for all laboratories. Brain weight increased linearly with body weight within age groups but the strength of this relationship decreased with age. Therefore, confounding by body weight may be more likely in brain weight analyses for younger animals. Our findings suggest that caution is required when weighing the importance of statistical "significance" in studies of pesticide exposure effects on brain weight as the power to detect these differences may be low. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Weichenthal, Scott; Hancock, Scott] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. [Raffaele, Kathleen] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Weichenthal, S (reprint author), Hlth Canada, 269 Laurier Ave W,3rd Floor,Room 3056, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. EM Scott_Weichenthal@hc-sc.gc.ca NR 13 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2-3 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.03.001 PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 610YP UT WOS:000278777300011 PM 20226222 ER PT J AU Zorrilla, LM Gibson, EK Stoker, TE AF Zorrilla, Leah M. Gibson, Emily K. Stoker, Tammy E. TI The effects of simazine, a chlorotriazine herbicide, on pubertal development in the female Wistar rat SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Simazine; Chlorotriazines; Atrazine; EDSP Tier I screen; Female pubertal development ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; THYROID-FUNCTION; EDSTAC RECOMMENDATIONS; PREPUBERTAL EXPOSURES; REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION; SEXUAL-MATURATION; GROWTH-HORMONE; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; ATRAZINE; METABOLITES AB Chlorotriazine herbicides, such as atrazine and its metabolites, have been shown to target the neuroendocrine regulation of male and female reproductive development. However, no studies have evaluated the effects of the chlorotriazine simazine on pubertal development in the female rat. Here we report the effects of a 21- and 41-day exposure to simazine on pubertal development and estrous cyclicity in the female rat using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program, Pubertal Development and Thyroid Function in Intact/Juvenile Peripubertal Female Rats (Tier 1) protocol. In the first study, Wistar rats were exposed orally to 0, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg of simazine from postnatal day 22 to 42. In the second study, rats were exposed from PND 22 until the first day of estrus after PND 62 to 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg of simazine. In the 21-day exposure, vaginal opening (VO) was delayed, the number of normal cycles was significantly decreased, and the day of first estrus was delayed compared to controls. In the 41-day exposure, VO and the day of first estrus was delayed, but the number of normal estrous cycles was not different than controls. In addition, both studies showed a significant decrease in serum prolactin (PRL) following simazine exposure. This data clearly demonstrates that simazine delays the onset of puberty in the female rat and decreases serum PRL similar to other chlorotriazines. The extended dosing period after VO provides a sufficient time period to monitor the effects of a toxicant on estrous cyclicity, an important measure for reproductive competence. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zorrilla, Leah M.; Gibson, Emily K.; Stoker, Tammy E.] US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zorrilla, Leah M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Stoker, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM stoker.tammy@epa.gov FU USEPA/NCSU [CR83323501] FX This work was supported in part by USEPA/NCSU Cooperative Training agreement CR83323501 to LMZ. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 29 IS 4 BP 393 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.03.010 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 613BV UT WOS:000278951900002 PM 20381603 ER PT J AU Schreider, J Barrow, C Birchfield, N Dearfield, K Devlin, D Henry, S Kramer, M Schappelle, S Solomon, K Weed, DL Embry, MR AF Schreider, Jay Barrow, Craig Birchfield, Norman Dearfield, Kerry Devlin, Dennis Henry, Sara Kramer, Melissa Schappelle, Seema Solomon, Keith Weed, Douglas L. Embry, Michelle R. TI Enhancing the Credibility of Decisions Based on Scientific Conclusions: Transparency Is Imperative SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE transparency; credibility; risk assessment; scientific integrity; criteria AB Transparency and documentation of the decision process are at the core of a credible risk assessment and, in addition, are essential in the presentation of a weight of evidence (WoE) based approach. Lack of confidence in the risk assessment process (as the basis for a risk management decision), beginning with evaluation of raw data and continuing through the risk decision process, is largely because of issues surrounding transparency. There is a critical need to implement greater transparency throughout the risk assessment process, and although doing so will not guarantee the correctness of the risk assessment or that all risk assessors come up with the same conclusions, it will provide essential information on how a particular conclusion or decision was made, thereby increasing confidence in the conclusions. Recognizing this issue, the International Life Sciences Institute Health and Environmental Sciences Institute convened a multi-sector committee tasked with discussing this issue and examining existing guidance and recommendations related to transparency in risk assessment. The committee concluded that transparency is inextricably linked to credibility: credibility of the data, credibility of the risk assessment process, and credibility of the resulting decision making. To increase this credibility, existing guidance concerning criteria elements of transparency related to the risk assessment process must be more widely disseminated and applied, and raw data for studies used in human health and environmental risk assessment must be more widely available. Finally, the decision-making process in risk management must be better documented and a guidance framework established for both the process itself and its communication to the public. C1 [Schreider, Jay] Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Dept Pesticide Regulat, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. [Barrow, Craig] Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol Environm Res & Consulting, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Birchfield, Norman; Kramer, Melissa; Schappelle, Seema] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Dearfield, Kerry] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Devlin, Dennis] ExxonMobil Biomed Sci Inc, Toxicol & Environm Sci, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. [Henry, Sara] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Solomon, Keith] Univ Guelph, Ctr Toxicol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Weed, Douglas L.] DLW Consulting Serv LLC, Kensington, MD 20895 USA. [Embry, Michelle R.] ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Embry, MR (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1156 15th St NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM membry@ilsi.org NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 116 IS 1 BP 5 EP 7 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq102 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 617XZ UT WOS:000279316500002 PM 20363830 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, PRS Coburn, CG Moser, VC MacPhail, RC Fenton, SE Stoker, TE Rayner, JL Kannan, K Birnbaum, LS AF Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S. Coburn, Cary G. Moser, Virginia C. MacPhail, Robert C. Fenton, Suzanne E. Stoker, Tammy E. Rayner, Jennifer L. Kannan, Kurunthachalam Birnbaum, Linda S. TI Developmental Exposure to a Commercial PBDE Mixture, DE-71: Neurobehavioral, Hormonal, and Reproductive Effects SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE polybrominated diphenyl ethers; neurotoxic effects; reproductive effects; thyroid hormones; mammary gland; PBDE levels; DE-71; motor activity; neurobehavior ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; NEONATAL BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; LOW-DOSE PBDE-99; IN-HOUSE DUST; THYROID-HORMONES; MALE-RAT; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SPONTANEOUS BEHAVIOR; ADULT MICE AB Developmental effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been suspected due to their structural similarities to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This study evaluated neurobehavioral, hormonal, and reproductive effects in rat offspring perinatally exposed to a widely used pentabrominated commercial mixture, DE-71. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were exposed to 0, 1.7, 10.2, or 30.6 mg/kg/day DE-71 in corn oil by oral gavage from gestational day 6 to weaning. DE-71 did not alter maternal or male offspring body weights. However, female offspring were smaller compared with controls from postnatal days (PNDs) 35-60. Although several neurobehavioral endpoints were assessed, the only statistically significant behavioral finding was a dose-by-age interaction in the number of rears in an open-field test. Developmental exposure to DE-71 caused severe hypothyroxinemia in the dams and early postnatal offspring. DE-71 also affected anogenital distance and preputial separation in male pups. Body weight gain over time, reproductive tissue weights, and serum testosterone concentrations at PND 60 were not altered. Mammary gland development of female offspring was significantly affected at PND 21. Congener-specific analysis of PBDEs indicated accumulation in all tissues examined. Highest PBDE concentrations were found in fat including milk, whereas blood had the lowest concentrations on a wet weight basis. PBDE concentrations were comparable among various brain regions. Thus, perinatal exposure to DE-71 leads to accumulation of PBDE congeners in various tissues crossing blood-placenta and blood-brain barriers, causing subtle changes in some parameters of neurobehavior and dramatic changes in circulating thyroid hormone levels, as well as changes in both male and female reproductive endpoints. Some of these effects are similar to those seen with PCBs, and the persistence of these changes requires further investigation. C1 [Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S.; Coburn, Cary G.; Moser, Virginia C.; MacPhail, Robert C.] US EPA, Neurotoxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Fenton, Suzanne E.; Rayner, Jennifer L.] US EPA, Dev Toxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Stoker, Tammy E.] US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kannan, Kurunthachalam] SUNY Albany, Wadsworth Ctr, New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Kannan, Kurunthachalam] SUNY Albany, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] NCI, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kodavanti, PRS (reprint author), US EPA, Neurotoxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, NHEERL,ORD, B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.prasada@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP07D000527] FX Congener-specific analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers was performed under a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (contract No. EP07D000527) awarded to Dr Kurunthachalam Kannan NR 89 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 116 IS 1 BP 297 EP 312 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq105 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 617XZ UT WOS:000279316500029 PM 20375078 ER PT J AU Yokohira, M Arnold, LL Pennington, KL Suzuki, S Kakiuchi-Kiyota, S Herbin-Davis, K Thomas, DJ Cohen, SM AF Yokohira, Masanao Arnold, Lora L. Pennington, Karen L. Suzuki, Shugo Kakiuchi-Kiyota, Satoko Herbin-Davis, Karen Thomas, David J. Cohen, Samuel M. TI Severe systemic toxicity and urinary bladder cytotoxicity and regenerative hyperplasia induced by arsenite in arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase knockout mice. A preliminary report SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arsenite; Bladder; Arsenic methyltransferase; Hyperplasia; Toxicity; Mouse ID DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; RAT; CELLS; METHYLATION; METABOLISM; LIVER AB Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3mt) catalyzes reactions which convert inorganic arsenic to methylated metabolites. This study determined whether the As3mt mill genotype in the mouse modifies cytotoxic and proliferative effects seen in urinary bladders of wild type mice after exposure to inorganic arsenic. Female wild type C57BL/6 mice and As3mt KO mice were divided into 3 groups each (n = 8) with free access to a diet containing 0, 100 or 150 ppm of arsenic as arsenite (As(III)). During the first week of AS(III) exposure, As3mt KO mice exhibited severe and lethal systemic toxicity. At termination, urinary bladders of both As3mt KO and wild type mice showed hyperplasia by light microscopy. As expected, arsenic-containing granules were found in the superficial urothelial layer of wild type mice. In As3mt KO mice these granules were present in all layers of the bladder epithelium and were more abundant and larger than in wild type mice. Scanning electron microscopy of the bladder urothelium of As3mt KO mice treated with 100 ppm As(III) showed extensive superficial necrosis and hyperplastic changes. In As3mt KO mice, livers showed severe acute inflammatory changes and spleen size and lymphoid areas were decreased compared with wild type mice. Thus, diminished arsenic methylation in As3mt KO mice exacerbates systemic toxicity and the effects of As(III) on the bladder epithelium, showing that altered kinetic and dynamic behavior of arsenic can affect its toxicity. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yokohira, Masanao; Arnold, Lora L.; Pennington, Karen L.; Suzuki, Shugo; Kakiuchi-Kiyota, Satoko; Cohen, Samuel M.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Herbin-Davis, Karen; Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev,Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Suzuki, Shugo] Nagoya City Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Expt Pathol & Tumor Biol, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. RP Cohen, SM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM scohen@unmc.edu NR 32 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 246 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2010.04.013 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 616UM UT WOS:000279235700001 PM 20423714 ER PT J AU Hughes, MF Edwards, BC AF Hughes, Michael F. Edwards, Brenda C. TI In vitro dermal absorption of pyrethroid pesticides in human and rat skin SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dermal absorption; In vitro; Pyrethroids ID INVITRO PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; ACOUSTIC STARTLE RESPONSE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; MOTOR-ACTIVITY; SYSTEMIC ABSORPTION; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; TRANS-PERMETHRIN; CIS-PERMETHRIN; EXPOSURE; DELTAMETHRIN AB Dermal exposure to pyrethroid pesticides can occur during manufacture and application. This study examined the in vitro dermal absorption of pyrethroids using rat and human skin. Dermatomed skin from adult male Long Evans rats or human cadavers was mounted in flow-through diffusion cells, and radiolabeled bifenthrin, deltamethrin or cis-permethrin was applied in acetone to the skin. Fractions of receptor fluid were collected every 4 h. At 24 h, the skins were washed with soap and water to remove unabsorbed chemical. The skin was then solubilized. Two additional experiments were performed after washing the skin; the first was tape-stripping the skin and the second was the collection of receptor fluid for an additional 24 h. Receptor fluid, skin washes, tape strips and skin were analyzed for radioactivity. For rat skin, the wash removed 53-71% of the dose and 26-43% remained in the skin. The cumulative percentage of the dose at 24 h in the receptor fluid ranged from 1 to 5%. For human skin, the wash removed 71-83% of the dose and 14-25% remained in the skin. The cumulative percentage of the dose at 24 h in the receptor fluid was 1-2%. Tape-stripping removed 50-56% and 79-95% of the dose in rat and human skin, respectively, after the wash. From 24-48 h, 1-3% and about 1% of the dose diffused into the receptor fluid of rat and human skin, respectively. The pyrethroids bifenthrin, deltamethrin and cis-permethrin penetrated rat and human skin following dermal application in vitro. However, a skin wash removed 50% or more of the dose from rat and human skin. Rat skin was more permeable to the pyrethroids than human skin. Of the dose in skin, 50% or more was removed by tape-stripping, suggesting that permeation of pyrethroids into viable tissue could be impeded. The percentage of the dose absorbed into the receptor fluid was considerably less than the dose in rat and human skin. Therefore, consideration of the skin type used and fractions analyzed are important when using in vitro dermal absorption data for risk assessment. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hughes, Michael F.; Edwards, Brenda C.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hughes, MF (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hughes.michaelf@epa.gov NR 57 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 246 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2010.04.003 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 616UM UT WOS:000279235700004 PM 20398685 ER PT J AU Zhu, X Risse, LM McCutcheon, SC Tollner, EW Rasmussen, TC West, LT AF Zhu, X. Risse, L. M. McCutcheon, S. C. Tollner, E. W. Rasmussen, T. C. West, L. T. TI LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF RILL EROSION ON COMPOST BLANKETS UNDER CONCENTRATED FLOW CONDITIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Compost blanket; Concentrated flow; Critical shear stress; Erosion control; Micro-dams; Shear stress model ID HIGHWAY EMBANKMENTS; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLID-WASTE; SOIL; ORGANICS; WATER; HYDRAULICS; VEGETATION; STRAW AB A flume study was conducted using a soil, yard waste compost, and an erosion control compost to investigate the response to concentrated flow and determine if the shear stress model could be used to describe the response. Yard waste compost (YWC) and the bare Cecil soil (CS) control responded to concentrated laboratory runoff similarly in rill formation, and the shear stress model was useful in estimating sediment yields from both of these land covers. Results indicated that critical shear stress values for yard waste compost and Cecil soil were not significantly different. However, the erodibility of the soil was higher, resulting in increased solids loss, on the Cecil soil. Micro-dams, the main mechanism for limiting soil erosion for the compost, often occurred in the rills of the erosion control compost (ECC), causing the concentrated flow to infiltrate and fan out through the compost. Since flow could not be maintained in the rill, parameters for the stress model could not be determined for the erosion control compost. C1 [Zhu, X.] Univ Georgia, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [McCutcheon, S. C.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Rasmussen, T. C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Warmell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [West, L. T.] USDA, NRCE Soil Survey Res & Lab, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Zhu, X (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM zxbenz@uga.edu FU Georgia Water Resource Institute FX The authors would like to thank the Georgia Water Resource Institute for funding this research project and Dr. Britt Faucette from Filtrexx International, LLC, for providing erosion control compost for this project. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development collaborated in this research. The manuscript has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1077 EP 1086 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 654UZ UT WOS:000282197700006 ER PT J AU Yasuda, M Paar, J Doolittle, M Brochi, J Pancorbo, OC Tang, RJ Stoner, RE Shiaris, MP AF Yasuda, M. Paar, J. Doolittle, M. Brochi, J. Pancorbo, O. C. Tang, R. J. Stoner, R. E. Shiaris, M. P. TI Enterococcus species composition determined by capillary electrophoresis of the groESL gene spacer region DNA SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fecal indicator bacteria; DNA fingerprint; Community analysis; Enterococcus ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PROTEIN ESP GENE; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS; FECAL POLLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; INDICATOR; SURFACE; WATER; PCR; POPULATIONS AB Marine recreational beaches are monitored for fecal contamination by Enterococcus spp. (ENT) counts. Although different ENT species in the environment tend to thrive in and originate from distinct hosts, the current monitoring method does not differentiate among species. Time-consuming isolation-based species identification precludes routine analysis of environmental ENT communities. Therefore, an isolation-independent DNA fingerprinting method was developed to characterize environmental ENT communities using DNA length polymorphism of the spacer region between the groES and groEL genes common to most ENT species. Capillary electrophoresis resulted in distinct peak sizes of PCR products that carried polymorphic groESL spacers (300-335 bp in length) among 8 different ENT species (Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus durans, and Enterococcus faecalis). Distortions in true species ratios observed in electropherograms were caused by PCR biases arising in a mixed ENT community DNA template. E. faecalis was overestimated and E. avium and E. faecium were underestimated compared to the original species ratios in the mixed community. The PCR product bias was constant between species, so good approximation of the species ratio in ENT communities is possible. In environmental samples, a high percentage of E. faecalis (96%) together with high total ENT counts were observed in samples collected from a sewer line and from several sites in a storm drain system where sewage leaks were suspected. In contrast, samples with <400 CFU 100 ml(-1) ENT were either dominated by E. mundtii or had 4 or more ENT species. The latter ENT community profiles are considered to be signatures of enterococci rarely associated with animals with low or of non-fecal origin. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yasuda, M.; Shiaris, M. P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Paar, J.] US EPA, EPA New Englands Lab, N Chelmsford, MA 01863 USA. [Doolittle, M.] TechLaw Inc, Wannalancit Mills, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Brochi, J.] US EPA, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Pancorbo, O. C.; Tang, R. J.; Stoner, R. E.] Massachusetts Dept Environm Protect, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA. RP Yasuda, M (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM michie.yasuda@umb.edu NR 41 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 44 IS 13 BP 3982 EP 3992 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2010.05.007 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 623TH UT WOS:000279766700024 PM 20639015 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, JE Gayen, K Garcia-Reyero, N Perkins, EJ Villeneuve, DL Liu, L Doyle, FJ AF Shoemaker, Jason E. Gayen, Kalyan Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Perkins, Edward J. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Liu, Li Doyle, Francis J., III TI Fathead minnow steroidogenesis: in silico analyses reveals tradeoffs between nominal target efficacy and robustness to cross-talk SO BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; BIOCHEMICAL NETWORKS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; PITUITARY CULTURES; GENE-EXPRESSION; MICROARRAY DATA; CAMP BINDING; TESTOSTERONE AB Background: Interpreting proteomic and genomic data is a major challenge in predictive ecotoxicology that can be addressed by a systems biology approach. Mathematical modeling provides an organizational platform to consolidate protein dynamics with possible genomic regulation. Here, a model of ovarian steroidogenesis in the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, (FHM) is developed to evaluate possible transcriptional regulation of steroid production observed in microarray studies. Results: The model was developed from literature sources, integrating key signaling components (G-protein and PKA activation) with their ensuing effect on steroid production. The model properly predicted trajectory behavior of estradiol and testosterone when fish were exposed to fadrozole, a specific aromatase inhibitor, but failed to predict the steroid hormone behavior occurring one week post-exposure as well as the increase in steroid levels when the stressor was removed. In vivo microarray data implicated three modes of regulation which may account for over-production of steroids during a depuration phase (when the stressor is removed): P450 enzyme up-regulation, inhibin down-regulation, and luteinizing hormone receptor up-regulation. Simulation studies and sensitivity analysis were used to evaluate each case as possible source of compensation to endocrine stress. Conclusions: Simulation studies of the testosterone and estradiol response to regulation observed in microarray data supported the hypothesis that the FHM steroidogenesis network compensated for endocrine stress by modulating the sensitivity of the ovarian network to global cues coming from the hypothalamus and pituitary. Model predictions of luteinizing hormone receptor regulation were consistent with depuration and in vitro data. These results challenge the traditional approach to network elucidation in systems biology. Generally, the most sensitive interactions in a network are targeted for further elucidation but microarray evidence shows that homeostatic regulation of the steroidogenic network is likely maintained by a mildly sensitive interaction. We hypothesize that effective network elucidation must consider both the sensitivity of the target as well as the target's robustness to biological noise (in this case, to cross-talk) when identifying possible points of regulation. C1 [Perkins, Edward J.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Shoemaker, Jason E.; Gayen, Kalyan; Doyle, Francis J., III] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Villeneuve, Daniel L.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [Liu, Li] Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Perkins, EJ (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM Edward.J.Perkins@usace.army.mil RI Shoemaker, Jason/B-8137-2011 OI Shoemaker, Jason/0000-0003-3315-7103 FU Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies from the U.S. Army Research Office [DAAD19-03-D-0004]; IGERT NSF [DGE02-21715]; U.S. Army; University of California, Board of Regents FX This work was supported by the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies through grant DAAD19-03-D-0004 from the U. S. Army Research Office, IGERT NSF grant DGE02-21715, the U. S. Army Environmental Quality Technology Research Program, and the University of California, Board of Regents. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1752-0509 J9 BMC SYST BIOL JI BMC Syst. Biol. PD JUN 28 PY 2010 VL 4 AR 89 DI 10.1186/1752-0509-4-89 PG 17 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 655NB UT WOS:000282255600001 PM 20579396 ER PT J AU Bao, HM Yu, SC Tong, DQ AF Bao, Huiming Yu, Shaocai Tong, Daniel Q. TI Massive volcanic SO2 oxidation and sulphate aerosol deposition in Cenozoic North America SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID VOLCANOGENIC SULFATE; OXYGEN; SULFUR; ORIGIN; ATMOSPHERE; OLIGOCENE; ERUPTIONS; OZONE; EARTH; USA AB Volcanic eruptions release a large amount of sulphur dioxide (SO2) into the atmosphere(1,2). SO2 is oxidized to sulphate and can subsequently form sulphate aerosol(3), which can affect the Earth's radiation balance, biologic productivity and high-altitude ozone concentrations, as is evident from recent volcanic eruptions(4). SO2 oxidation can occur via several different pathways that depend on its flux and the atmospheric conditions(3). An investigation into how SO2 is oxidized to sulphate-the oxidation product preserved in the rock record-can therefore shed light on past volcanic eruptions and atmospheric conditions. Here we use sulphur and triple oxygen isotope measurements of atmospheric sulphate extracted from tuffaceous deposits to investigate the specific oxidation pathways from which the sulphate was formed. We find that seven eruption-related sulphate aerosol deposition events have occurred during the mid-Cenozoic era (34 to 7 million years ago) in the northern High Plains, North America. Two extensively sampled ash beds display a similar sulphate mixing pattern that has two distinct atmospheric secondary sulphates. A three-dimensional atmospheric sulphur chemistry and transport model study reveals that the observed, isotopically discrete sulphates in sediments can be produced only in initially alkaline cloudwater that favours an ozone-dominated SO2 oxidation pathway in the troposphere. Our finding suggests that, in contrast to the weakly acidic conditions today(5), cloudwater in the northern High Plains may frequently have been alkaline during the mid-Cenozoic era. We propose that atmospheric secondary sulphate preserved in continental deposits represents an unexploited geological archive for atmospheric SO2 oxidation chemistry linked to volcanism and atmospheric conditions in the past. C1 [Bao, Huiming] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Yu, Shaocai] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div E243 03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tong, Daniel Q.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bao, HM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM bao@lsu.edu; yu.shaocai@epa.gov RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; Bao, Huiming/C-1069-2012; yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014 OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; FU NSF [EAR-0408986]; United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX H. B. thanks D. Loope, H. LaGarry and J. Swinehart for guidance in the field, M. Khachaturyan, K. Jenkins, K. Howell, I. Kohl and A. J. Kaufman for technical assistance, B. Li for statistical treatment, and the National Park Service for sampling permission at Scotts Bluff National Monument (permit numbers SCBL-2000-SCI-000, BADL-2004-SCI-0012 and SCBL-2004-SCI-0005). Financial support was provided by the NSF (EAR-0408986 to H. B.). S.Y. thanks S. T. Rao, D. Mobley, K. Schere, R. Mathur, J. Pleim, J. Godowitch and S. Roselle for comments. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the part of the research that is related to sulphur chemistry modelling. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. D. Q. T. is grateful to S. Fine, D. Byun and R. Artz for discussion and acknowledges constructive internal Air Resources Laboratory comments. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 42 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 17 PY 2010 VL 465 IS 7300 BP 909 EP 912 DI 10.1038/nature09100 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 611HN UT WOS:000278804500034 PM 20559384 ER PT J AU Sharkhuu, T Doerfler, DL Krantz, QT Luebke, RW Linak, WP Gilmour, MI AF Sharkhuu, Tuya Doerfler, Donald L. Krantz, Q. Todd Luebke, Robert W. Linak, William P. Gilmour, M. Ian TI Effects of prenatal diesel exhaust inhalation on pulmonary inflammation and development of specific immune responses SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Diesel; In utero exposure; Toxicity; Immunity; Allergy ID ASTHMA SUSCEPTIBILITY; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PREGNANT MICE; EXPOSURE; PARTICLES; RATS; IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY; SUPPRESSION; ENVIRONMENT AB There is increasing evidence that exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy can result in a number of deleterious effects including low birth weight and the incidence of allergic asthma. To investigate the in utero effects of DE exposure, timed pregnant BALB/c mice were exposed to 0, 0.8 or 3.1 mg/m(3) of DE during gestation days (GD) 9 to GD 18. The number of successful pregnancies was 15/20 in the air controls and 10/20 in each of the diesel exposures. Immune function in the 6-week-old offspring as determined by development of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to bovine serum albumin (BSA), antibody titers to injected sheep red blood cells (SRBC), splenic T cells expressing CD45(+)CD3(+)CD8(+) and CD3(+)CD25(+), and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, TLR2, SP-A, TGF-beta and Foxp3 in the lung were not affected by prenatal DE exposure. On the other hand, lung TLR4 mRNA expression, the number of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and splenic T cells expressing CD45(+)CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD4(+)CD25(+) were differentially affected depending on the DE concentration and gender. When additional groups of mice were sensitized and challenged via the respiratory tract with ovalbumin to induce allergic airway inflammation, female mice had higher protein levels in the BALF compared to males and this was reduced by prenatal exposure to either concentration of DE. No other changes in allergen-induced immunity, lung function or severity of inflammation were noted. Collectively, the results show that in utero exposure to DE altered some baseline inflammatory indices in the lung in a gender-specific manner, but had no effect on development of specific immune responses to experimental antigens, or the severity of allergic lung inflammation. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Sharkhuu, Tuya; Doerfler, Donald L.; Krantz, Q. Todd; Luebke, Robert W.; Gilmour, M. Ian] US EPA, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Linak, William P.] US EPA, Air Pollut Technol Branch, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, NRMRL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sharkhuu, Tuya] ORISE, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gilmour, MI (reprint author), US EPA, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilmour.ian@epa.gov FU US EPA FX The project was funded by US EPA through ORISE, TN. We thank S.-H. Cho, W. Williams, W. Zhu, C. Copeland, E. Boykin, M. Daniels, K. Gowdy, G. McGee, J. Richards, J. Lehmann, D. Andrews, C. King and D. Janek for technical assistance and appreciate Drs. Janice Dye and David Kurtz for review of the manuscript. This paper has been reviewed by the US Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2010 VL 196 IS 1 BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.017 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 610RZ UT WOS:000278754100002 PM 20362647 ER PT J AU Pfleeger, TG Plocher, M Bichel, P AF Pfleeger, Thomas G. Plocher, Milton Bichel, Puja TI Response of pioneer plant communities to elevated ozone exposure SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ozone exposure; Plant communities; Succession; Multiple stressors ID GROWTH-RESPONSES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; GRASSLAND; CLOVER; YIELD; O-3; SENSITIVITY; CO2; MESOCOSMS; QUALITY AB Considerable research has documented the effects of ozone on crop plants, but little experimental work has examined the effects of ozone on natural vegetation. Our objective was to determine how a plant community responds over several generations to elevated ozone exposures. Seed bank soil collected from the Oregon State University Farm, containing a population of naturalized plants common to the Willamette Valley, was uniformly dispersed across the surface of nine modified open top chambers. Each chamber was randomly assigned one of three ozone treatments (0, 90 and 120 ppb episodic ozone). Sixty plant species from 22 families emerged in the chambers over the four year study. Seedling emergence was a highly sensitive period. High seedling mortality rates in the ozone treatments allowed more resistant individuals to persist. Communities not exposed to elevated ozone levels also had high rates of mortality probably due to density dependant mortality. No species were eliminated from the communities because of ozone. Plant species did not demonstrate ozone tolerance or susceptibility based on taxonomic relationships. Year-to-year environmental heterogeneity was a stronger influence on community composition than ozone exposures. At the community level, there was a trend of decreasing biomass with increasing ozone exposure. In the ozone treatments, premature senescence of taller species increased light availability to understory species, changing competitive interactions and altering community dynamics in the understory. The effects of ozone on individual species, both direct and indirect, in a community may be detrimental, insignificant, or positive. Predication of a species performance in a community will be difficult due to the many environmental and biological interactions occurring simultaneously or at alternative times during a specific species life cycle. Studies are necessary to decrease the uncertainty in attempting to assess the impact of ozone on both managed and natural ecosystems currently determined from extrapolating the effects on individuals. Currently, plant communities remain protected at an unknown level from ozone exposure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pfleeger, Thomas G.; Bichel, Puja] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Plocher, Milton] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Pfleeger, TG (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Pfleeger.thomas@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 116 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2010.04.009 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 616FF UT WOS:000279193700015 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD AF Richardson, Susan D. TI Environmental Mass Spectrometry: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; WATER TREATMENT-PLANT; NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE NDMA FORMATION; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; IN-SITU DERIVATIZATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Richardson, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 245 TC 117 Z9 122 U1 6 U2 110 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 12 BP 4742 EP 4774 DI 10.1021/ac101102d PG 33 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 608WG UT WOS:000278616100006 PM 20499860 ER PT J AU Taguas, EV Pena, A Ayuso, JL Perez, R Yuan, Y Giraldez, JV AF Taguas, E. V. Pena, A. Ayuso, J. L. Perez, R. Yuan, Y. Giraldez, J. V. TI Rainfall variability and hydrological and erosive response of an olive tree microcatchment under no-tillage with a spontaneous grass cover in Spain SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE Olive crop; microcatchment scale; no-tillage with spontaneous grass cover; erosion; runoff; Spain ID SOIL-EROSION; SOUTHERN SPAIN; MANAGEMENT; RUNOFF; RATES; ORCHARDS; AREAS; YIELD AB Most studies on runoff and soil loss from olive orchards were performed on plots, despite the fact that measurements that examine a range of erosive processes on different scales are essential to evaluate the suitability of the use and soil management of this type of land. The main environmental limitations of much of the land used for olive orchards in the Mediterranean are the steep slopes and the shallow soil depth - and this was the case in the study area. Soil erosion and runoff over two hydrological years (2005-2006 and 2006-2007) were monitored in an olive orchard microcatchment of 6.1 ha under no-tillage with spontaneous grass in order to evaluate its hydrological and erosive behaviour. Moreover, soil parameters such as organic matter (%OM), bulk density (BD) and hydraulic saturated conductivity (Ks) were also examined in the microcatchment to describe management effects on hydrological balance and on erosive processes. In the study period, the results showed runoff coefficients of 6.0% in the first year and 0.9% in the second. The differences respond to the impact of two or three yearly maximum events which were decisive in the annual balances. On the event scale, although maximum rainfall intensity values had a big influence on peak flows and runoff, its importance on mean sediment concentrations and sediment discharges was difficult to interpret due to the likely control of grass cover on volume runoff and on soil protection. In the case of annual soil erosion, they were measured as 1.0 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) and 0.3 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1). Both are lower than the tolerance values evaluated in Andalusia (Spain). These results support the implementation of no-tillage with spontaneous grass cover for sloping land, although the reduced infiltration conditions determined by Ks in the first horizon suggest grass should be allowed to grow not only in spring but also in autumn. In addition, specific measurements to control gullies, which have formed in the terraced area in the catchment, should be included since it is expected that they could be the main sources of sediments. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Taguas, E. V.; Pena, A.; Ayuso, J. L.; Perez, R.] Univ Cordoba, Dept Rural Engn, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. [Yuan, Y.] US EPA, ORD, NERL, ESD,LEB, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Giraldez, J. V.] Univ Cordoba, Dept Agron, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. RP Taguas, EV (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Dept Rural Engn, Apdo 3048, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. EM evtaguas@uco.es FU Andalusian Government (Junta de Andalucia) [CAO01-001-C4-3] FX This research was supported by the following Research Project: 'Soil erosion assessment on a microcatchment scale in olive orchards. Protective effect of different soil-management techniques' (CAO01-001-C4-3), funded by the Andalusian Government (Junta de Andalucia). This study was also sponsored by the Pre-doctoral Fellowship Programme (Becas de Formacion de Doctores en Universidades Andaluzas) of the Department of Innovation, Science and Business (Consejeria de Innovacion, Ciencia y Empresa) of the Junta de Andalucia, Spain. We are very grateful to Antonio Munoz, the owner of the farm who allowed us to carry out all the surveys, to the Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CSIC) which provided meteorological data and to Jose M. Gonzalez who collaborated in the fieldwork. NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 21 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 7 BP 750 EP 760 DI 10.1002/esp.1893 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 611HU UT WOS:000278805400002 ER PT J AU Hageman, KJ Hafner, WD Campbell, DH Jaffe, DA Landers, DH Simonich, SLM AF Hageman, Kimberly J. Hafner, William D. Campbell, Donald H. Jaffe, Daniel A. Landers, Dixon H. Simonich, Staci L. Massey TI Variability in Pesticide Deposition and Source Contributions to Snowpack in Western US National Parks SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; POLLUTANTS POPS; UNITED-STATES; CONTAMINANTS; LAKE; AIR; MOUNTAINS; CHEMICALS AB Fifty-six seasonal snowpack samples were collected at remote alpine, subarctic, and arctic sites in eight Western U.S. national parks during three consecutive years (2003-2005). Four current-use pesticides (CUPs) (dacthal (DCPA), chlorpyrifos, endosulfans, and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)) and four historic-use pesticides (HUPs) (dieldrin, alpha-HCH, chlordanes, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB)) were commonly measured at all sites, during all years. The mean coefficient of variation for pesticide concentrations was 15% for site replicate samples, 41% for intrapark replicate samples, and 59% for interannual replicate samples. The relative pesticide concentration profiles were consistent from year to year but unique for individual parks, indicating a regional source effect. HUP concentrations were well-correlated with regional cropland intensity when the effect of temperature on snow-air partitioning was considered. The mass of individual CUPs used in regions located one-day upwind of the parks was calculated using air mass back trajectories, and this was used to explain the distribution of CUPs among the parks. The percent of the snowpack pesticide concentration due to regional transport was high (>75%) for the majority of pesticides in all parks. These results suggest that the majority of pesticide contamination in U.S. national parks is due to regional pesticide use in North America. C1 [Simonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Simonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hageman, Kimberly J.] Univ Otago, Dept Chem, Dunedin 9014, New Zealand. [Hafner, William D.; Jaffe, Daniel A.] Univ Washington, Interdisciplinary Arts & Sci Dept, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. [Landers, Dixon H.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Campbell, Donald H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Simonich, SLM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM staci.simonich@oregonstate.edu OI Hageman, Kimberly/0000-0001-9187-5256 FU Western Airborne Contaminants Assessment Project (WACAP) [22]; U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH [P30ES00210]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Department of the Interior FX This work is part of the Western Airborne Contaminants Assessment Project (WACAP) (22). This publication was made possible in part by Grant P30ES00210 from the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the NIEHS, NIH. This work was partially funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of the Interior. It has been subjected to review by these government entities and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the U.S. Government, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation. The authors thank the snow-sampling crews from the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. National Park Service, Peter Dillingham for statistical consultation, and Michael Abraham for providing physical properties of investigated pesticides. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 12 BP 4452 EP 4458 DI 10.1021/es100290q PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 608WP UT WOS:000278617000015 PM 20499934 ER PT J AU Usenko, S Smonich, SLM Hageman, KJ Schrlau, JE Geiser, L Campbell, DH Appleby, PG Landers, DH AF Usenko, Sascha Smonich, Staci L. Massey Hageman, Kimberly J. Schrlau, Jill E. Geiser, Linda Campbell, Don H. Appleby, Peter G. Landers, Dixon H. TI Sources and Deposition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Western US National Parks SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; PAHS; SNOW; CONTAMINANTS; PESTICIDES; MOUNTAINS; EMISSIONS AB Seasonal snowpack, lichens, and lake sediment cores were collected from fourteen lake catchments in eight western U.S. National Parks and analyzed for sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to determine their current and historical deposition, as well as to identify their potential sources. Seasonal snowpack was measured to determine the current wintertime atmospheric PAH deposition; lichens were measured to determine the long-term, year around deposition; and the temporal PAH deposition trends were reconstructed using lake sediment cores dated using (210)Pb and (137)Cs. The fourteen remote lake catchments ranged from low-latitude catchments (36.6 degrees N) at high elevation (2900 mast) in Sequoia National Park, CA to high-latitude catchments (68.4 degrees N) at low elevation (427 mast) in the Alaskan Arctic. Over 75% of the catchments demonstrated statistically significant temporal trends in Sigma PAH sediment flux, depending on catchment proximity to source regions and topographic barriers. The Sigma PAH concentrations and fluxes in seasonal snowpack, lichens, and surficial sediment were 3.6 to 60,000 times greater in the Snyder Lake catchment of Glacier National Park than the other 13 lake catchments. The PAH ratios measured in snow, lichen, and sediment were used to identify a local aluminum smelter as a major source of PAHs to the Snyder Lake catchment. These results suggest that topographic barriers influence the atmospheric transport and deposition of PAHs in high-elevation ecosystems and that PAH sources to these national park ecosystems range from local point sources to diffuse regional and global sources. C1 [Usenko, Sascha; Smonich, Staci L. Massey; Schrlau, Jill E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Smonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hageman, Kimberly J.] Univ Otago, Dept Chem, Dunedin 9014, New Zealand. [Geiser, Linda] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Reg Air Program, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Campbell, Don H.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Appleby, Peter G.] Univ Liverpool, Environm Radioact Res Ctr, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Landers, Dixon H.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Smonich, SLM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Staci.Simonich@orst.edu RI Usenko, Sascha/N-8730-2015; OI Usenko, Sascha/0000-0003-3303-2909; Hageman, Kimberly/0000-0001-9187-5256 FU National Park Service; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P3OES00210]; NIH; NIEHS [P42 ES016465] FX This work is part of WACAP (Western Airborne Contaminants Assessment Project), a collaborative venture among the National Park Service, the Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon State University, University of Washington, and the USDA Forest Service. It was funded primarily through cooperative and interagency agreements with the National Park Service, and also included in-kind contributions from all of the project partners. Further information about WACAP can be found on the WACAP web site at http://www.nature.nps.gov/air/Studies/air_toxics/wacap.htm. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This publication was made possible in part by grant P3OES00210 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, and NIEHS Grant P42 ES016465. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the NIEHS, NIH. We thank Marilyn Morrison Erway (Dynamic Corporation) and crew for collecting the sediment samples from the National Parks. We also thank Ann-Lise Norman from the University of Calgary for her intellectual input. NR 36 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 12 BP 4512 EP 4518 DI 10.1021/es903844n PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 608WP UT WOS:000278617000024 PM 20465303 ER PT J AU Bradford, DF Heithmar, EM Tallent-Halsell, NG Momplaisir, GM Rosal, CG Varner, KE Nash, MS Riddick, LA AF Bradford, David F. Heithmar, Edward M. Tallent-Halsell, Nita G. Momplaisir, Georges-Marie Rosal, Charlita G. Varner, Katrina E. Nash, Maliha S. Riddick, Lee A. TI Temporal Patterns and Sources of Atmospherically Deposited Pesticides in Alpine Lakes of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-LEGGED FROGS; AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; MOUNTAINS; TRANSPORT; TADPOLES; ENDOSULFAN; RANGE; SNOW; FISH AB Agricultural pesticides are being transported by air large distances to remote mountain areas and have been implicated as a cause for recent population declines of several amphibian species in such locations. Largely unmeasured, however, are the magnitude and temporal variation of pesticide concentrations in these areas, and the relationship between pesticide use and pesticide appearance in the montane environment We addressed these topics in the southern Sierra Nevada mountains, California, by sampling water weekly or monthly from four alpine lakes from mid-June to mid-October 2003. The lakes were 46-83 km from the nearest pesticide sources in the intensively cultivated San Joaquin Valley. Four of 41 target pesticide analytes were evaluated for temporal patterns: endosulfan, propargite, dacthal, and simazine. Concentrations were very low, approximately 1 ng/L or less, at all times. The temporal patterns in concentrations differed among the four pesticides, whereas the temporal pattern for each pesticide was similar among the four lakes. For the two pesticides applied abundantly in the San Joaquin Valley during the sampling period, endosulfan and propargite, temporal variation in concentrations corresponded strikingly with application rates in the Valley with lag times of 1-2 weeks. A finer-scale analysis suggests that a large fraction of these two pesticides reaching the lakes originated in localized upwind areas within the Valley. C1 [Bradford, David F.; Tallent-Halsell, Nita G.; Nash, Maliha S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Heithmar, Edward M.; Momplaisir, Georges-Marie; Rosal, Charlita G.; Varner, Katrina E.; Riddick, Lee A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Environm Chem Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Bradford, DF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Landscape Ecol Branch, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM Bradford.david@epa.gov NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 12 BP 4609 EP 4614 DI 10.1021/es100758a PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 608WP UT WOS:000278617000039 PM 20496891 ER PT J AU Nam, E Kishan, S Baldauf, RW Fulper, CR Sabisch, M Warila, J AF Nam, Edward Kishan, Sandeep Baldauf, Richard W. Fulper, Carl R. Sabisch, Michael Warila, James TI Temperature Effects on Particulate Matter Emissions from Light-Duty, Gasoline-Powered Motor Vehicles SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Kansas City Light-Duty Vehicle Emissions Study (KCVES) measured exhaust emissions of regulated and unregulated pollutants from 496 vehicles recruited in the Kansas City metropolitan area in 2004 and 2005. Vehicle emissions testing occurred during the summer and winter, with the vehicles operated at ambient temperatures. One key component of this study was the investigation of the influence of ambient temperature on particulate matter (PM) emissions from gasoline-powered vehicles. A subset of the recruited vehicles were tested in both the summer and winter to further elucidate the effects of temperature on vehicle tailpipe emissions. The study results indicated that PM emissions increased exponentially as temperature decreased. In general, PM emissions doubled for every 20 F drop in ambient temperature, with these increases independent of vehicle model year. The effects of temperature on vehicle emissions was most pronounced during the initial start-up of the vehicle (cold start phase) when the vehicle was still cold, leading to inefficient combustion, inefficient catalyst operation, and the potential for the vehicle to be operating under fuel-rich conditions. The large data set available from this study also allowed for the development of a model to describe temperature effects on PM emission rates due to changing ambient conditions. This study has been used as the foundation to develop PM emissions rates, and to model the impact of ambient temperature on these rates, for gasoline-powered vehicles in the EPA's new regulatory motor vehicle emissions model, MOVES. C1 [Nam, Edward; Baldauf, Richard W.; Fulper, Carl R.; Warila, James] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Kishan, Sandeep; Sabisch, Michael] Eastern Res Grp, Austin, TX 78731 USA. [Baldauf, Richard W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Baldauf, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, 2000 Traverwood Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM baldauf.richard@epa.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 12 BP 4672 EP 4677 DI 10.1021/es100219q PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 608WP UT WOS:000278617000048 PM 20465208 ER PT J AU Wilkin, RT Digiulio, DC AF Wilkin, Richard T. Digiulio, Dominic C. TI Geochemical Impacts to Groundwater from Geologic Carbon Sequestration: Controls on pH and Inorganic Carbon Concentrations from Reaction Path and Kinetic Modeling SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROCK INTERACTIONS; CO2 INJECTION; LEAKY WELLS; DIOXIDE; STORAGE; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; DISPOSAL; GAS; TEMPERATURES AB Geologic carbon sequestration has the potential to cause long-term reductions in global emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Safe and effective application of carbon sequestration technology requires an understanding of the potential risks to the quality of underground sources of drinking water. In particular, concern is warranted regarding the potential for CO2 leakage through geological features and abandoned wells that may result in detrimental perturbations to subsurface geochemistry. Reaction path and kinetic models indicate that geochemical shifts caused by CO2 leakage are closely linked to mineralogical properties of the receiving aquifer. CO2 gas dissolution into groundwater and subsequent reaction with aquifer minerals will control the evolution of pH bicarbonate envelopes. These parameters provide geochemical context for predicting how regulated contaminants associated with aquifer solids will respond via various mineral water reaction processes. The distribution and abundance of carbonate, silicate, oxide, and phyllosilicate minerals are identified as key variables in controlling changes in groundwater geochemistry. Site-specific risk assessments may require characterization of aquifer geology, mineralogy, and groundwater chemistry prior to CO2 injection. Model results also provide a frame of reference for developing indicative measurement monitoring, and verification (MMV) protocols for groundwater protection. C1 [Wilkin, Richard T.; Digiulio, Dominic C.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Protect Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Wilkin, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Protect Div, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM wilkin.rick@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded the research described here. It has not been subjected to Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. We thank D. A. Dzombak and anonymous reviewers for providing comments and suggestions for improving the work. NR 35 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 7 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 12 BP 4821 EP 4827 DI 10.1021/es100559j PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 608WP UT WOS:000278617000071 PM 20469895 ER PT J AU Chandran, T Katragadda, U Teng, Q Tan, C AF Chandran, Thripthy Katragadda, Usha Teng, Quincy Tan, Chalet TI Design and evaluation of micellar nanocarriers for 17-allyamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article DE Polymeric micelles; PEG-DSPE; TPGS; 17-AAG; Drug release ID PHASE-II TRIAL; BREAST-CANCER; SOLID TUMORS; TANESPIMYCIN 17-AAG; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; DOSE-ESCALATION; MIXED MICELLES; 17-ALLYLAMINO-17-DEMETHOXYGELDANAMYCIN; PACLITAXEL; PHARMACOKINETICS AB 17-Allyamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) is a potent anticancer agent currently undergoing phases I and II clinical trials. However, the clinical development of 17-AAG has been hindered by its poor aqueous solubility and hepatotoxicity. This study aimed to devise novel micellar nanocarriers for 17-AAG that improve its solubility and retain the incorporated drug for a prolonged period of time. We have found that 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)2000]/D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 (PEG-DSPE/TPGS) mixed micelles (at a 1:2 molar ratio) can deliver 17-AAG at clinically relevant doses. By modulating the concentrations of micelle-forming copolymers, the burst release of 17-AAG from PEG-DSPE/TPGS mixed micelles was substantially reduced with a release half-life up to about 8 h. Our (1)H NMR spectroscopy results revealed that the incorporation of TPGS into PEG-DSPE micelles restricted internal molecular motions of copolymers in both the corona and core regions of the micelles, leading to the delayed drug release. Cytotoxicity of 17-AAG formulated in PEG-DSPE/TPGS mixed micelles against human ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells was comparable to that of free 17-MG. 17-AAG-loaded PEG-DSPE/TPGS mixed micelles may offer a promising alternative to the current 17-MG formulations for the treatment of solid tumors. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chandran, Thripthy; Katragadda, Usha; Tan, Chalet] Mercer Univ, Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Teng, Quincy] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Tan, C (reprint author), Mercer Univ, Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 3001 Mercer Univ Dr, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tan_c@mercer.edu FU American Association of College of Pharmacy (C.T.) FX This work was supported by the New Investigators Program of the American Association of College of Pharmacy (C.T.). This work has been subjected to review by the National Exposure Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does its mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5173 J9 INT J PHARMACEUT JI Int. J. Pharm. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 392 IS 1-2 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.03.056 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 605KM UT WOS:000278346500023 PM 20363305 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Stehman, SV Fry, JA Smith, JH Homer, CG AF Wickham, J. D. Stehman, S. V. Fry, J. A. Smith, J. H. Homer, C. G. TI Thematic accuracy of the NLCD 2001 land cover for the conterminous United States SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Stratified sampling; Cluster sampling; Reference data error; NLCD 1992 ID CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY; MAP ACCURACY; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; DATABASE; IMPACT; ERROR; CONSERVATION; SENSITIVITY; COMPLETION; CONFUSION AB The land-cover thematic accuracy of NLCD 2001 was assessed from a probability-sample of 15,000 pixels. Nationwide, NLCD 2001 overall Anderson Level II and Level I accuracies were 78.7% and 85.3%, respectively. By comparison, overall accuracies at Level II and Level I for the NLCD 1992 were 58% and 80%. Forest and cropland were two classes showing substantial improvements in accuracy in NLCD 2001 relative to NLCD 1992. NLCD 2001 forest and cropland user's accuracies were 87% and 82%, respectively, compared to 80% and 43% for NLCD 1992. Accuracy results are reported for 10 geographic regions of the United States, with regional overall accuracies ranging from 68% to 86% for Level II and from 79% to 91% at Level I. Geographic variation in class-specific accuracy was strongly associated with the phenomenon that regionally more abundant land-cover classes had higher accuracy. Accuracy estimates based on several definitions of agreement are reported to provide an indication of the potential impact of reference data error on accuracy. Drawing on our experience from two NLCD national accuracy assessments, we discuss the use of designs incorporating auxiliary data to more seamlessly quantify reference data quality as a means to further advance thematic map accuracy assessment. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Wickham, J. D.] US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Stehman, S. V.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Fry, J. A.] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Smith, J. H.] US Geol Survey, Geog Anal & Monitoring Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Homer, C. G.] US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov NR 50 TC 93 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 6 BP 1286 EP 1296 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.01.018 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 585XX UT WOS:000276865000013 ER PT J AU Strauss, WJ Ryan, L Morara, M Iroz-Elardo, N Davis, M Cupp, M Nishioka, MG Quackenboss, J Galke, W Ozkaynak, H Scheidt, P AF Strauss, Warren J. Ryan, Louise Morara, Michele Iroz-Elardo, Nicole Davis, Mark Cupp, Matthew Nishioka, Marcia G. Quackenboss, James Galke, Warren Ozkaynak, Haluk Scheidt, Peter TI Improving cost-effectiveness of epidemiological studies via designed missingness strategies SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE National Children's Study; sampling design; validation sampling; measurement error adjustment ID EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENTS; NATIONAL CHILDRENS; REGRESSION-MODELS; LIKELIHOOD METHOD; EXPOSURES AB Modern epidemiological studies face opportunities and challenges posed by an ever-expanding capacity to measure a wide range of environmental exposures, along with sophisticated biomarkers of exposure and response at the individual level. The challenge of deciding what to measure is further complicated for longitudinal studies, where logistical and cost constraints preclude the collection of all possible measurements on all participants at every follow-up time. This is true for the National Children's Study (NCS), a large-scale longitudinal study that will enroll women both prior to conception and during pregnancy and collect information on their environment, their pregnancies, and their children's development through early adulthood with a goal of assessing key exposure/outcome relationships among a cohort of approximately 100 000 children. The success of the NCS will significantly depend on the accurate, yet cost-effective, characterization of environmental exposures thought to be related to the health outcomes of interest. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of cost saving, yet valid and adequately powered statistical approaches for gathering exposure information within epidemiological cohort studies. The proposed approach involves the collection of detailed exposure assessment information on a specially selected subset of the study population, and collection of less-costly, and presumably less-detailed and less-burdensome, surrogate measures across the entire cohort. We show that large-scale efficiency in costs and burden may be achieved without making substantive sacrifices on the ability to draw reliable inferences concerning the relationship between exposure and health outcome. Several detailed scenarios are provided that document how the targeted sub-sampling design strategy can benefit large cohort studies like the NCS, as well as other more focused environmental epidemiologic studies. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Strauss, Warren J.; Morara, Michele; Iroz-Elardo, Nicole; Davis, Mark; Cupp, Matthew; Nishioka, Marcia G.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. [Ryan, Louise] Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Quackenboss, James; Galke, Warren; Scheidt, Peter] NICHHD, Natl Childrens Study Program Off, Rockville, MD USA. [Ozkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Strauss, WJ (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM strauss@battelle.org RI Ryan, Louise/A-4562-2009; Quackenboss, James/I-1960-2013 OI Ryan, Louise/0000-0001-5957-2490; FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y01 HD003311-03]; PHS HHS [282-98-0019] NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 29 IS 13 BP 1377 EP 1387 DI 10.1002/sim.3892 PG 11 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 614LJ UT WOS:000279060000004 PM 20527011 ER PT J AU Momplaisir, GM Rosal, CG Heithmar, EM Varner, KE Riddick, LA Bradford, DF Tallent-Halsell, NG AF Momplaisir, Georges-Marie Rosal, Charlita G. Heithmar, Edward M. Varner, Katrina E. Riddick, Lee A. Bradford, David F. Tallent-Halsell, Nita G. TI Development of a solid phase extraction method for agricultural pesticides in large-volume water samples SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Solid phase extraction; Large-volume sampling; Pesticide ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NEVADA MOUNTAIN-RANGE; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; TRACE ANALYSIS; SURFACE-WATER; DEPOSITION; MICROEXTRACTION; CALIFORNIA; USA; PRECONCENTRATION AB An analytical method using solid phase extraction (SPE) and analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed to determine trace levels of a variety of 41 agricultural pesticides and selected transformation products in high-elevation surface waters Large-volume water sampling (up to 100 L) was employed because it was anticipated that pesticide contamination, if present, would be at very low levels. The target compounds comprise pesticides (and selected oxygen transformation products) known to have been extensively used in agriculture in the San Joaquin Valley, CA, USA. Solid phase extraction using the polymeric resin Abselut Nexus was optimized to extract the pesticide analytes from water samples A single determinative method using GC-MS with electron ionization was used for all the analytes. Recoveries from 100 L of reagent water at 100 pg/L and 1 ng/L concentrations were generally greater than 75%, although dimethoate, disulfoton, and phorate were not recovered. Analysis of the extracts without cleanup yielded detection limits for the remaining 38 analytes between 0 1 and 30 ng/L A silica cleanup with separate analysis of 3 eluant fractions improved detection limits for 37 of the compounds to between 6 and 600 pg/L in high-elevation surface waters Published by Elsevier B V. C1 [Momplaisir, Georges-Marie; Rosal, Charlita G.; Heithmar, Edward M.; Varner, Katrina E.; Riddick, Lee A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Environm Chem Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Bradford, David F.; Tallent-Halsell, Nita G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Momplaisir, GM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Environm Chem Branch, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. FU United States Environmental Protection Agency FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency funded the research described here It has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 EI 1873-3573 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4-5 BP 1380 EP 1386 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.02.038 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 610MN UT WOS:000278737100035 PM 20441911 ER PT J AU Antoniou, MG de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD AF Antoniou, Maria G. de la Cruz, Armah A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Degradation of microcystin-LR using sulfate radicals generated through photolysis, thermolysis and e(-) transfer mechanisms SO APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL LA English DT Article DE Cyanotoxins; e(-) transfer mechanisms; Microcystin-LR; Fenton Reagent; Hydrogen peroxide; Oxidants; Persulfate; Peroxymonosulfate; Photolysis; Sulfate radicals; Thermolysis ID ULTRASONICALLY INDUCED DEGRADATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; RATE CONSTANTS; HETEROGENEOUS ACTIVATION; PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; PEROXIDE DECOMPOSITION; SECONDARY METABOLITES; CYANOBACTERIAL TOXIN; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; HYDROXYL RADICALS AB This study explores the potential use of sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation technologies (SR-AOTs) for the degradation of the naturally occurring hepatotoxin. microcystin-LR (MC-LR). The generation of sulfate radicals was achieved by activation of the oxidants persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) through electrophilic transition metal cations (Ag+ and Co2+, respectively), radiation (UV 300 < lambda < 400 nm) and/or heat (T = 30 degrees C). These systems were compared to more frequently used AOTs systems in industrial applications: the Fenton Reagent (FR) and hydrogen peroxide coupled with heat and radiation. Even though SO4 center dot- has similar redox potential to hydroxyl radical (HO center dot), to the best of our knowledge, SR-AOTs have not been tested for the degradation of cyanotoxins. In this study. PMS was activated very efficiently with Co2+ at neutral pH and increasing catalyst concentration resulted in dramatic increase of the initial rates of degradation that reached a plateau for C-Co(II) >= 1 mg. Based on the optimum pH conditions for each system, the efficiency order is Co2+/PMS > Fe2+/(HO2)-O-2 >> Ag+/PS, which we believe is associated with the energy of the lower unoccupied molecular orbital of the oxidants. When UV (300 < lambda < 400 nm) radiation was used, the PS system was more efficient than PMS and H2O2 at all different oxidant concentrations. Since, the UV lamps used in the study emit light at a range of wavelengths (300 < lambda < 400 nm), the activation of the oxidants is believed to be caused by the emission spectra and not just lambda(max) = 365 nm. At acidic conditions, the PS/UV (300 < lambda < 400 nm)/pH 3 and PMS/UV/pH 3 systems were most efficient and required the least amount of energy to reduce the toxin concentration by one order of magnitude. When thermal activation was used, PMS yielded the highest degradation efficiency (similar to 77%) compared to 52% for the PS and less then 2.5% for H2O2. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Antoniou, Maria G.; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu OI Antoniou, Maria G./0000-0003-0738-6068 FU National Science Foundation [BES-0448117]; U.S. EPA [RD-83322301]; Center of Sustainable Urban Engineering (SUE) at the University of Cincinnati (UC); Sigma Xi; Scientific Society; UC; University Research Council of UC FX This research was funded in part by the National Science Foundation through a CAREER Award (BES-0448117) to D.D.D., the U.S. EPA (RD-83322301) and the Center of Sustainable Urban Engineering (SUE) at the University of Cincinnati (UC). M.G.A. is grateful to Sigma Xi, The Scientific Society for a Grant-in-Aid of Research Fellowship, the Rindsberg Memorial Fund of UC and the University Research Council of UC for a Graduate School Distinguished Dissertation Completion Fellowship. M.G.A. is also thankful to Dr. Shirish Agarwal (UC) and Dr. George P. Anipsitakis for their insightful input. NR 74 TC 167 Z9 173 U1 28 U2 165 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-3373 J9 APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON JI Appl. Catal. B-Environ. PD JUN 7 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 3-4 BP 290 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.02.013 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 598OJ UT WOS:000277847300005 ER PT J AU Schneider, A Neas, LM Graff, DW Herbst, MC Cascio, WE Schmitt, MT Buse, JB Peters, A Devlin, RB AF Schneider, Alexandra Neas, Lucas M. Graff, Don W. Herbst, Margaret C. Cascio, Wayne E. Schmitt, Mike T. Buse, John B. Peters, Annette Devlin, Robert B. TI Association of cardiac and vascular changes with ambient PM2.5 in diabetic individuals SO PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; S-TRANSFERASE M1; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HYPERLIPIDEMIC MICE; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; AUTONOMIC CONTROL AB Background and Objective: Exposure to fine airborne particles (PM2.5) has been shown to be responsible for cardiovascular and hematological effects, especially in older people with cardiovascular disease. Some epidemiological studies suggest that individuals with diabetes may be a particularly susceptible population. This study examined effects of short-term exposures to ambient PM2.5 on markers of systemic inflammation, coagulation, autonomic control of heart rate, and repolarization in 22 adults (mean age: 61 years) with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Each individual was studied for four consecutive days with daily assessments of plasma levels of blood markers. Cardiac rhythm and electrocardiographic parameters were examined at rest and with 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitors. PM2.5 and meteorological data were measured daily on the rooftop of the patient exam site. Data were analyzed with models adjusting for season, weekday, meteorology, and a random intercept. To identify susceptible subgroups, effect modification was analyzed by clinical characteristics associated with insulin resistance as well as with oxidative stress and by medication intake. Results: Interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha showed a significant increase with a lag of two days (percent change of mean level: 20.2% with 95%-confidence interval [6.4; 34.1] and 13.1% [1.9; 24.4], respectively) in association with an increase of 10 mu g/m(3) in PM2.5. Obese participants as well as individuals with elevated glycosylated hemoglobin, lower adiponectin, higher ferritin or with glutathione S-transferase M1 null genotype showed higher IL-6 effects. Changes in repolarization were found immediately as well as up to four days after exposure in individuals without treatment with a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker. Conclusions: Exposure to elevated levels of PM2.5 alters ventricular repolarization and thus may increase myocardial vulnerability to arrhythmias. Exposure to PM2.5 also increases systemic inflammation. Characteristics associated with insulin resistance or with oxidative stress were shown to enhance the association. C1 [Schneider, Alexandra; Peters, Annette] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, Neuherberg, Germany. [Neas, Lucas M.; Schmitt, Mike T.; Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Graff, Don W.] Celerion, Lincoln, NE USA. [Herbst, Margaret C.; Buse, John B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cascio, Wayne E.] E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. [Cascio, Wayne E.] E Carolina Univ, E Carolina Heart Inst, Greenville, NC USA. [Peters, Annette] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Focus Network Nanoparticles & Hlth NanoHlth, Neuherberg, Germany. RP Schneider, A (reprint author), Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, Neuherberg, Germany. EM alexandra.schneider@helmholtz-muenchen.de RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Peters, Annette/A-6117-2011; Schneider, Alexandra/B-5347-2014; OI Buse, John/0000-0002-9723-3876 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR83346301]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through STAR [RD832415]; Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health [RR00046]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) FX The study was partly funded through a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency cooperative agreement CR83346301. The analysis was performed in cooperation with the Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen - German Research Center for Environmental Health and partly funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through STAR grant RD832415 to the University of Rochester. The study was supported in part by a grant (RR00046) from the General Clinical Research Centers program of the Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health. Moreover, this study was supported in part by a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) to the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.). NR 63 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 18 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-8977 J9 PART FIBRE TOXICOL JI Part. Fibre Toxicol. PD JUN 2 PY 2010 VL 7 AR 14 DI 10.1186/1743-8977-7-14 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 630NN UT WOS:000280280300001 PM 20525188 ER PT J AU Lobdell, DT Messer, LC Rappazzo, KM Jagai, JS AF Lobdell, D. T. Messer, L. C. Rappazzo, K. M. Jagai, J. S. TI EXPLORING DATA AVAILABILITY FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INDEX TO ASSESS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DISPARITIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2010 CL Anaheim, SOLOMON ISLANDS SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Lobdell, D. T.; Messer, L. C.; Rappazzo, K. M.; Jagai, J. S.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 171 SU 11 BP S145 EP S145 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 603QO UT WOS:000278223300578 ER PT J AU Vinikoor, LC Gray, SC Edwards, SE Miranda, ML AF Vinikoor, L. C. Gray, S. C. Edwards, S. E. Miranda, M. L. TI MATERNAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS FOR PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2010 CL Anaheim, SOLOMON ISLANDS SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Vinikoor, L. C.; Gray, S. C.; Edwards, S. E.; Miranda, M. L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 171 SU 11 BP S31 EP S31 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 603QO UT WOS:000278223300125 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Rogan, W AF Wang, Y. Rogan, W. TI BREASTFEEDING, EARLY WEIGHT GAIN, AND SECONDARY SEXUAL MATURATION: RESULTS FROM NORTH CAROLINA INFANT FEEDING STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2010 CL Anaheim, SOLOMON ISLANDS SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Wang, Y.; Rogan, W.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Rogan, Walter/I-6034-2012 OI Rogan, Walter/0000-0002-9302-0160 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 171 SU 11 BP S153 EP S153 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 603QO UT WOS:000278223300611 ER PT J AU Wrench, N Pinto, CRF Klinefelter, GR Dix, DJ Flowers, WL Farin, CE AF Wrench, N. Pinto, C. R. F. Klinefelter, G. R. Dix, D. J. Flowers, W. L. Farin, C. E. TI Effect of season on fresh and cryopreserved stallion semen SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Stallion; Cryopreservation; SP22; mRNA; Season; Semen ID EQUINE SPERMATOZOA; POSTTHAW MOTILITY; SEMINAL PLASMA; SPERM PROTEIN; SP22; RNA; FREEZABILITY; LOCALIZATION; FROZEN; TECHNOLOGY AB The objective of this study was to determine the effect of season on sperm quality variables, expression of the fertility-related protein SP22 and selected mRNA transcripts in fresh and cryopreserved stallion sperm. Four stallions were collected in each of the four seasons: summer, fall, winter and spring. Ejaculates were divided and then evaluated for motility, morphology, SP22 staining and expression of selected mRNAs as either fresh semen samples or cryopreserved samples. A significant interaction between season and cryopreservation status was found for total and progressive sperm motility. RNA yield from sperm was not affected by any variable examined. There was no effect of season or cryopreservation on the relative amounts of mRNA for PGK2, TPX1, TIMP3 or ACTB. There was a tendency (P=0.1) for an effect of stallion on the relative amount of ACTB mRNA. The proportion of sperm immunostained for SP22 over the equatorial segment was affected (P < 0.05) by stallion. In addition, there was an interaction (P < 0.05) between season and cryopreservation status on the percentage of sperm staining for SP22 on the equatorial segment. The correlation among total motility, progressive motility and SP22 immunostaining was much greater (P < 0.05) during the breeding season (March and June) than during the non-breeding season (September and December). Based on data analyzed, semen collected in the Northern Hemisphere between March and June may be best suited for cryopreservation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wrench, N.; Flowers, W. L.; Farin, C. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pinto, C. R. F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Klinefelter, G. R.; Dix, D. J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Farin, CE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Box 7621, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Char_Farin@ncsu.edu RI Pinto, Carlos/C-9009-2013 FU NCSU Equine Health Program FX We thank the faculty and staff at the NC State Equine Health Center at Southern Pines and NCSU Equine Educational Unit. Special thanks to Danny Kozink, Drs. Cristiane Rubio, Anne Schramme and Michael Whitacre for their help with semen collections. This study was partially funded by the NCSU Equine Health Program. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 119 IS 3-4 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.02.007 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 588SV UT WOS:000277095100009 PM 20227205 ER PT J AU Samet, JM Mcmichael, GH Wilcox, AJ AF Samet, Jonathan M. Mcmichael, Guy H., III Wilcox, Allen J. TI The Use of Epidemiological Evidence in the Compensation of Veterans SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agent Orange; Causation; Compensation; Policy; Presumptions; Veterans AB Men and women serving in the U.S. military are exposed to diverse agents that may affect their health, causing injury and disease while they are in the service or after discharge. This case study addresses the compensation of veterans for injury and illnesses arising from exposures received during military service and focuses on the presumptions that are made around compensation of veterans for conditions arising after their service. Presumptions are made because of evidence gaps related to exposure and causation. The current process for evidence review related to causation involves Institute of Medicine (IOM) committees that evaluate evidence relevant to association. The Veterans Administration uses the IOM reports in making presumptions. A new approach was recommended by an IOM committee: a transparent, evidence-based approach that would lead to decisions by means of an explicit process. The Committee set out six principles as a foundation for its framework: stakeholder inclusiveness, evidence-based decisions, transparent process, flexibility, consistency, and the use of causation, not just association, as the basis for decision making. The committee also called for needed tracking of exposure and associated health outcomes during and after military service. This case study covers "lessons learned" around evidence synthesis, causal inferences, and decision-making. Ann Epidemiol 2010;20:421-427. (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Samet, Jonathan M.] Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Samet, Jonathan M.] Univ So Calif, Inst Global Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Mcmichael, Guy H., III] GHM Consulting, Washington, DC USA. [Wilcox, Allen J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC USA. RP Samet, JM (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, 1441 Eastlake Ave,Rm 4436, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM jsamet@usc.edu OI Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 6 BP 421 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.03.002 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 601BL UT WOS:000278032900003 PM 20470968 ER PT J AU Tietge, JE Butterworth, BC Haselman, JT Holcombe, GW Hornung, MW Korte, JJ Kosian, PA Wolfe, M Degitz, SJ AF Tietge, Joseph E. Butterworth, Brian C. Haselman, Jonathan T. Holcombe, Gary W. Hornung, Michael W. Korte, Joseph J. Kosian, Patricia A. Wolfe, Marilyn Degitz, Sigmund J. TI Early temporal effects of three thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitors in Xenopus laevis SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Methimazole; Perchlorate; 6-Propylthiouracil; Xenopus laevis; Thyroid hormone ID AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROPYLTHIOURACIL; PERCHLORATE; ASSAY; INACTIVATION; PEROXIDASE; SPECIATION; SYMPORTER; MECHANISM AB Thyroid axis disruption is an important consideration when evaluating risks associated with chemicals. Bioassay methods that include thyroid-related endpoints have been developed in a variety of species, including amphibians, whose metamorphic development is thyroid hormone (TH)-dependent. Inhibition of TH synthesis in these species leads to developmental delay, and assays designed to capture these effects take several weeks to complete. In an effort to develop a shorter term approach, the early responses of various endpoints were evaluated in Xenopus laevis throughout 8d of exposure to three TH synthesis inhibitors: methimazole (100 mg/L), 6-propylthiouracil (6-PTU) (20 mg/L), and perchlorate (4 mg/L). Endpoints included thyroid gland histology and cell numbers, circulating TH concentrations, and thyroidal TH and associated iodo-compounds. Thyroidal 3,5-diodo-L-tyrosine (DIT) and thyroxine (T4) were significantly reduced from day 2 onward by all three chemicals, while 3-monoiodo-L-tyrosine (MIT) was significantly reduced by methimazole and perchlorate, but not by 6-PTU. These reductions were the earliest indicators of TH synthesis inhibition. Histological effects were apparent on day 4 and became more exaggerated through day 8. However, reductions in circulating T4 and increases in thyroid gland cell numbers were not apparent until day 6. Reductions of thyroidal MIT, DIT, and T4 and circulating T4 are indicative of inhibitory effects of the chemicals on TH synthesis. Changes in thyroid histology and cell number represent compensatory effects modulated by circulating TSH. These observations establish a basis for the development of short term amphibian-based methods to evaluate thyroid axis effects using a suite of diagnostic endpoints. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tietge, Joseph E.; Butterworth, Brian C.; Haselman, Jonathan T.; Holcombe, Gary W.; Hornung, Michael W.; Korte, Joseph J.; Kosian, Patricia A.; Degitz, Sigmund J.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Wolfe, Marilyn] Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Sterling, VA USA. RP Tietge, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM tietge.joe@epa.gov NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 98 IS 1 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.01.014 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 607LZ UT WOS:000278506900006 PM 20153061 ER PT J AU Olmstead, AW Lindberg-Livingston, A Degitz, SJ AF Olmstead, Allen W. Lindberg-Livingston, Annelle Degitz, Sigmund J. TI Genotyping sex in the amphibian, Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis, for endocrine disruptor bioassays SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Endocrine disruption; Sex reversal; Genetic sex determination; Amphibian ID CRUSTACEAN DAPHNIA-MAGNA; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; DM-DOMAIN GENE; 3-SPINED STICKLEBACK; AROMATASE INHIBITOR; GONADAL DEVELOPMENT; AFLP MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; CHEMICALS; EXPOSURE AB Endocrine disrupting compounds have been shown to alter gonad differentiation in both male and female individuals in amphibian, avian, fish, invertebrate, and reptile species. In some cases, these affected individuals are completely sex reversed and are morphologically indistinguishable from normal individuals of the opposite sex. Detecting shifts in sex ratios following chemical exposure often requires large numbers of organisms to achieve the necessary statistical power, especially in those species with genetic sex determination and homomorphic sex chromosomes (such as amphibians and many fish). The ability to assess the genetic sex of individuals would allow for detection of sex reversal (genotype-phenotype mismatches) that have greater statistical power compared to examining changes in sex ratios. Utilizing amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), we developed a method for genotyping sex in the amphibian, Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis, that can be incorporated into endocrine disruptor screening assays that examine the effects of chemicals on gonad differentiation. AFLPs from 512 primer pairs were assessed in one spawn of X. tropicalis. Each primer pair yielded, on average, 100 fragments. In total 17 sex-linked AFLPs were identified, isolated, and sequenced. A recombination map of these AFLPs was generated using over 300 individuals with four AFLPs having a recombination rate of 0% with regard to sex. A BLASTn search of the X. tropicalis genome using these AFLP sequences resulted in identification of sex-linked scaffolds. Areas of these scaffolds were searched for additional polymorphisms that could be utilized for genotyping sex. Retrospective and prospective strategies for incorporating genotyping sex in endocrine disruptor bioassays with X. tropicalis were developed. A Monte Carlo simulation comparing analyzing data as sex ratio shifts versus assessment of sex reversal using genotyping demonstrates the increase in statistical power that can be obtained by genotyping sex in studies dealing with altered gonad differentiation. This approach to identifying sex-linked markers and developing sex genotyping methods is applicable to other species with genetic sex determination. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Olmstead, Allen W.; Lindberg-Livingston, Annelle; Degitz, Sigmund J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. RP Olmstead, AW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN USA. EM olmstead.allen@epa.gov NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 98 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.01.012 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 607LZ UT WOS:000278506900008 PM 20202696 ER PT J AU Cooter, EJ Bash, JO Walker, JT Jones, MR Robarge, W AF Cooter, Ellen J. Bash, Jesse O. Walker, John T. Jones, M. R. Robarge, Wayne TI Estimation of NH3 bi-directional flux from managed agricultural soils SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Bi-directional flux; Ammonia emissions; Agricultural soils; Fertilizer emissions; EPIC; CMAQ ID ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; VEGETATED SURFACES; COMPENSATION POINT; UNITED-STATES; EXCHANGE; QUALITY; MODEL; RESISTANCE; EQUATIONS; COMMUNITY AB The Community Multi-Scale Air Quality model (CMAQ) is used to assess regional air quality conditions for a wide range of chemical species throughout the United States (U.S.). CMAQ representation of the regional nitrogen budget is limited by its treatment of ammonia (NH3) soil emission from, and deposition to underlying surfaces as independent rather than tightly coupled processes, and by its reliance on soil emission estimates that do not respond to variable meteorology and ambient chemical conditions. The present study identifies an approach that addresses these limitations, lends itself to regional application, and will better position CMAQ to meet future assessment challenges. These goals were met through the integration of the resistance-based flux model of Nemitz et al. (2001) with elements of the United States Department of Agriculture EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate) model. Model integration centers on the estimation of ammonium and hydrogen ion concentrations in the soil required to estimate soil NH3 flux. The EPIC model was calibrated using data collected during an intensive 2007 field study in Lillington, North Carolina. A simplified process model based on the nitrification portion of EPIC was developed and evaluated. It was then combined with the Nemitz et al. (2001) model and measurements of near-surface NH3 concentrations to simulate soil NH3 flux at the field site. Finally, the integrated flux (emission) results were scaled upward and compared to recent national ammonia emission inventory estimates. The integrated model results are shown to be more temporally resolved (daily), while maintaining good agreement with established soil emission estimates at longer time-scales (monthly). Although results are presented for a single field study, the process-based nature of this approach and NEI comparison suggest that inclusion of this flux model in a regional application should produce useful assessment results if nationally consistent sources of driving soil and agricultural management information are identified. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cooter, Ellen J.; Bash, Jesse O.] US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Walker, John T.; Jones, M. R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Robarge, Wayne] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Cooter, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Mail Drop E243-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM cooter.ellen@epa.gov RI Jones, Matthew/A-1905-2010; Bash, Jesse/E-9688-2013; Walker, John/I-8880-2014; OI Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514; Bash, Jesse/0000-0001-8736-0102 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Air Quality Program [35112]; US EPA's Office of Research and Development; North Carolina State University; U.S. EPA FX The authors wish to thank Jimmy Williams and Avery Mendez with the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Blackland Research Center located at Temple, Texas for continued input and support regarding application and calibration of the EPIC model for the Lillington field study. The Lillington NC field study was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 35112 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Air Quality Program and by US EPA's Office of Research and Development. We appreciate the field and laboratory support of Mark Barnes (North Carolina State University), Guillermo Ramirez (North Carolina State University), Donna Schwede (U.S. EPA), Mary Hicks (U.S. EPA) and Lauren Ryan (U.S. EPA). We acknowledge Dr. Eiko Nemitz (CEH, Edinburgh) for use of the AMANDA system and Dr. Tilden Meyers (NOAA) for use of the in-canopy sonic anemometer and data acquisition system. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication. it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 44 IS 17 BP 2107 EP 2115 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.02.044 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 602QC UT WOS:000278152900006 ER PT J AU Kinsey, JS Dong, YJ Williams, DC Logan, R AF Kinsey, John S. Dong, Yuanji Williams, D. Craig Logan, Russell TI Physical characterization of the fine particle emissions from commercial aircraft engines during the Aircraft Particle Emissions eXperiment (APEX) 1-3 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Particulate matter; Emissions; Gas turbine engines; Aircraft; Ground measurements AB The fine particulate matter (PM) emissions from nine commercial aircraft engine models were determined by plume sampling during the three field campaigns of the Aircraft Particle Emissions Experiment (APEX). Ground-based measurements were made primarily at 30 m behind the engine for PM mass and number concentration, particle size distribution, and total volatile matter using both time-integrated and continuous sampling techniques. The experimental results showed a PM mass emission index (El) ranging from 10 to 550 mg kg(-1) fuel depending on engine type and test parameters as well as a characteristic U-shaped curve of the mass El with increasing fuel flow for the turbofan engines tested. Also, the Teflon filter sampling indicated that similar to 40-80% of the total PM mass on a test-average basis was comprised of volatile matter (sulfur and organics) for most engines sampled. The number EIs, on the other hand, varied from similar to 10(15) to 10(17) particles kg(-1) fuel with the turbofan engines exhibiting a logarithmic decay with increasing fuel flow. Finally, the particle size distributions of the emissions exhibited a single primary mode that were lognormally distributed with a minor accumulation mode also observed at higher powers for all engines tested. The geometric (number) mean particle diameter ranged from 9.4 to 37 nm and the geometric standard deviation ranged from 1.3 to 2.3 depending on engine type, fuel flow, and test conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kinsey, John S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dong, Yuanji; Williams, D. Craig; Logan, Russell] ARCADIS US Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Kinsey, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MD E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kinsey.john@epa.gov; yuanji.dong@arcadis-us.com; williams.craig@epa.gov; logan.russ@epa.gov RI Kinsey, John/A-8335-2009 NR 13 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 44 IS 17 BP 2147 EP 2156 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.02.010 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 602QC UT WOS:000278152900011 ER PT J AU Turlington, JM McDow, SR AF Turlington, John M. McDow, Stephen R. TI Solid phase extraction cleanup for non-polar and moderately polar molecular markers of PM2.5 sources SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Aerosol; Particulate matter; Orgranic; Analysis; Source apportionment; Hopane; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ID PARTICULATE MATTER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CARBON AB A solid phase extraction cleanup step substantially improved analytical efficiency and data quality for measurements of non-polar and moderately polar organic molecular marker concentrations in airborne particulate matter. Rapid gas chromatography column deterioration was evident after very few samples in the absence of a cleanup step, resulting in the need for frequent recalibration. High molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were among the species most strongly impacted by the deterioration, exhibiting deviations as high as 30-40% from expected calibration verification standard values after only a few injections. Column deterioration and calibration verification failure were eliminated by introducing a solid phase extraction step prior to analysis and a total of 58 samples were analyzed with no unacceptable deviation of calibration verification standards from target values Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Turlington, John M.; McDow, Stephen R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP McDow, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM turlington.john@epa.gov; mcdow.stephen@epa.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 44 IS 17 BP 2161 EP 2165 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.005 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 602QC UT WOS:000278152900013 ER PT J AU Kang, DW Mathur, R Rao, ST AF Kang, Daiwen Mathur, Rohit Rao, S. Trivikrama TI Real-time bias-adjusted O-3 and PM2.5 air quality index forecasts and their performance evaluations over the continental United States SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air quality index forecast; Bias-adjustment; O-3; PM2.5; Kalman filter ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; ETA-MODEL; OZONE AB The National Air Quality Forecast Capacity (NAQFC) system, which links NOAA's North American Mesoscale (NAM) meteorological model with EPA's Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, provided operational ozone (O-3) and experimental fine particular matter (PM2.5) forecasts over the continental United States (CONUS) during 2008. This paper describes the implementation of a real-time Kalman Filter (KF) bias-adjustment technique to improve the accuracy of O-3 and PM2.5 forecasts at discrete monitoring locations. The operational surface-level O-3 and PM2.5 forecasts from the NAQFC system were post-processed by the KF bias-adjusted technique using near real-time hourly O-3 and PM2.5 observations obtained from EPA's AIRNow measurement network. The KF bias-adjusted forecasts were created daily, providing 24-h hourly bias-adjusted forecasts for O-3 and PM2.5 at all AIRNow monitoring sites within the CONUS domain. The bias-adjustment post-processing implemented in this study requires minimal computational cost; requiring less than 10 min of CPU on a single processor Linux machine to generate 24-h hourly bias-adjusted forecasts over the entire CONUS domain. The results show that the real-time KF bias-adjusted forecasts for both O-3 and PM2.5 have performed as well as or even better than the previous studies when the same technique was applied to the historical O-3 and PM2.5 time series from archived AQF in earlier years. Compared to the raw forecasts, the KF forecasts displayed significant improvement in the daily maximum 8-h O-3 and daily mean PM2.5 forecasts in terms of both discrete (i.e., reduced errors, increased correlation coefficients, and index of agreement) and categorical (increased hit rate and decreased false alarm ratio) evaluation metrics at almost all locations during the study period in 2008. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kang, Daiwen] Comp Sci Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Mathur, Rohit; Rao, S. Trivikrama] US Environm Protect Agcy, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kang, DW (reprint author), Comp Sci Corp, 79 TW Alexander Dr,Suite 260,Bldg 4201, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kang.daiwen@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [DW13921548] FX The authors thank Drs. Luca Delle Monache and Roland B. Stull for providing their original Kalman filter codes. The research presented here was performed under the Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and under agreement number DW13921548. Although this work has been reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect agency policy or views. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 44 IS 18 BP 2203 EP 2212 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.017 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 613ON UT WOS:000278988700005 ER PT J AU Liu, XH Zhang, Y Cheng, SH Xing, J Zhang, QA Streets, DG Jang, C Wang, WX Hao, JM AF Liu, Xiao-Huan Zhang, Yang Cheng, Shu-Hui Xing, Jia Zhang, Qiang Streets, David G. Jang, Carey Wang, Wen-Xing Hao, Ji-Ming TI Understanding of regional air pollution over China using CMAQ, part I performance evaluation and seasonal variation SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CMAQ; Model evaluation; Seasonality; China; Sensitivity to horizontal grid resolution ID GRID RESOLUTION; OZONE; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; QUALITY; PREDICTIONS; EMISSIONS; CHEMISTRY; GAMES AB The U.S. EPA Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system with the process analysis tool is applied to China to study the seasonal variations and formation mechanisms of major air pollutants. Simulations show distinct seasonal variations, with higher surface concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 mu m (PM10), column mass of carbon monoxide (CO) and NO2, and aerosol optical depth (AOD) in winter and fall than other seasons, and higher 1-h O-3 and troposphere ozone residual (TOR) in spring and summer than other seasons. Higher concentrations of most species occur over the eastern China, where the air pollutant emissions are the highest in China. Compared with surface observations, the simulated SO2, NO2, and PM10 concentrations are underpredicted throughout the year with NMBs of up to -51.8%, -32.0%, and -54.2%, respectively. Such large discrepancies can be attributed to the uncertainties in emissions, simulated meteorology, and deviation of observations based on air pollution index. Max. 1-h O-3 concentrations in Jan. and Jul. at 36-km are overpredicted with NMBs of 12.0% and 19.3% and agree well in Apr. and Oct. Simulated column variables can capture the high concentrations over the eastern China and low values in the central and western China. Underpredictions occur over the northeastern China for column CO in Apr., TOR in Jul., and AODs in both Apr. and Jul.; and overpredictions occur over the eastern China for column CO in Oct., NO2 in Jan. and Oct., and AODs in Jan. and Oct. The simulations at 12-km show a finer structure in simulated concentrations than that at 36-km over higher polluted areas, but do not always give better performance than 36-km. Surface concentrations are more sensitive to grid resolution than column variables except for column NO2, with higher sensitivity over mountain and coastal areas than other regions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Xiao-Huan; Cheng, Shu-Hui; Wang, Wen-Xing] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Xiao-Huan; Zhang, Yang; Cheng, Shu-Hui] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Xing, Jia; Hao, Ji-Ming] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Qiang; Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Jang, Carey] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), NCSU, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM yang_zhang@ncsu.edu RI Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; xing, jia/O-1784-2014; OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU U.S. NSF [Atm-0348819]; U.S. EPA; Shandong University in China; China Scholarship Council at Shandong University in China FX The authors thank Xin-Yu Wen and Yao-Sheng Chen at North Carolina State University for post-processing and analysis of satellite data; Peng-Ju Xu at Shandong University for providing the 03 monitoring data at Mt Tai. The O3 data at 3 sites in Japan were provided by World Data Center for Greenhouse Gases. This work was funded by the U.S. NSF Career Award No. Atm-0348819, the U.S. EPA, and Shandong University in China. The meteorological simulations were funded by China Scholarship Council at Shandong University in China and the U.S. NSF Career Award No. Atm-0348819 at NCSU. NR 27 TC 61 Z9 76 U1 8 U2 52 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 44 IS 20 BP 2415 EP 2426 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.035 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 622FL UT WOS:000279646600004 ER PT J AU Knudsen, TB Kochhar, DM AF Knudsen, Thomas B. Kochhar, Devendra M. TI The Hemimelic Extra Toes Mouse Mutant: Historical Perspective on Unraveling Mechanisms of Dysmorphogenesis SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART C-EMBRYO TODAY-REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE limb development; mouse mutant; teratology ID VERTEBRATE LIMB BUD; SONIC-HEDGEHOG EXPRESSION; POLARIZING ACTIVITY; PROXIMODISTAL AXIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SHH EXPRESSION; CANDIDATE GENE; CHICK LIMB; MICE; OUTGROWTH AB Hemimelic extra toes (Hx) arose spontaneously as a dominant mutation in B10.D2/nSnJ mice in 1967. It specifically affects the appendicular skeleton, causing variable foreshortening of the tibia (radius) and preaxial polydactylism. Early anatomical studies revealed anterior overgrowth of the autopod, with decreased apoptosis and increased mitosis in the anterior apical ectodermal ridge and underlying mesenchyme; overextension of apoptosis in the central zeugopod accounted for hemimelia. The Hx mutant phenotype was coarsely mapped to mouse chromosome (Chr) 5 and closely linked to engrailed-2 (En2) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh). This region is syntenic to human Chr 7q36 that harbors several dominant mutations affecting the hand. High-resolution genome mapping identified the Hx mutation as a G -> A base pair transition within Intron 5 of the murine Lmbr1 locus. The critical effect is on a multifunctional conserved regulatory element that acts as a limb-specific, long-distance cis-acting enhancer of Shh expression. As such, the Hx mutant phenotype results from ectopic Shh signals at the anterior margin of the limb bud that directly or indirectly alter FGF4 signaling from the apical ectodermal ridge. Given significant advances in understanding of embryonic development in general and limb development in particular, this review article reveals how research that once attracted interest of teratologists has advanced across the decades to pinpoint a critical molecular lesion and reveal a potential mechanism of a specific malformation that is found commonly in experimental teratology. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 90:155-162, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Knudsen, Thomas B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kochhar, Devendra M.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Pathol Anat & Cell Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Knudsen, TB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol B205 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM knudsen.thomas@epa.gov NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-975X J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES C JI Birth Defects Res. Part C-Embryo Today-Rev. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 90 IS 2 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1002/bdrc.20181 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 614YV UT WOS:000279096600007 PM 20544697 ER PT J AU Bonner, MR Williams, BA Rusiecki, JA Blair, A Freeman, LEB Hoppin, JA Dosemeci, M Lubin, J Sandler, DP Alavanja, MCR AF Bonner, Matthew R. Williams, Brent A. Rusiecki, Jennifer A. Blair, Aaron Freeman, Laura E. Beane Hoppin, Jane A. Dosemeci, Mustafa Lubin, Jay Sandler, Dale P. Alavanja, Michael C. R. TI Occupational exposure to terbufos and the incidence of cancer in the Agricultural Health Study SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Cancer incidence; Terbufos; Organophosphate insecticides ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; PESTICIDE USE; PROSTATE-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS PESTICIDES; COHORT; APPLICATORS; IOWA; MEN; INFORMATION AB Terbufos is the fourth most commonly used organophosphate insecticide (OP) in the United States. Terbufos has not been demonstrated to be carcinogenic in rodents, although non-arsenical insecticides, including OPs, have been associated with excess cancer in epidemiologic studies. We investigated associations between use of terbufos and the incidence of cancer. The Agricultural Health Study is a prospective cohort study of 57,310 licensed pesticide applicators from Iowa and North Carolina. Detailed information about 50 pesticides, including terbufos, and potential confounders was obtained from self-administered questionnaires. Terbufos intensity-weighted lifetime exposure-days were defined as (lifetime exposure-days) x (exposure intensity score). Cases include all first primary cancers diagnosed between enrollment and December 31, 2005. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI were calculated with Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders. Overall cancer risk was slightly increased among terbufos users [HR 1.21 (1.06-1.37)]. Suggestive associations were observed between terbufos use and cancers of the prostate (HR(highest tertile) = 1.21; 95% CI = 0.99-1.47) and lung (HR(middle tertile) = 1.45; 95% CI = 0.95-2.22) and leukemia (HR(middle tertile) = 2.38; 95% CI = 1.35-4.21) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (HR(middle tertile) = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.16-3.22), although the exposure-response gradients were non-monotonic and p for trends were not significant. We found suggestive associations between occupational terbufos use and several cancer sites. However, cautious interpretation of these results is warranted by the lack of existing experimental and epidemiologic evidence to support carcinogenic effects of terbufos. C1 [Bonner, Matthew R.; Williams, Brent A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Rusiecki, Jennifer A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Blair, Aaron; Freeman, Laura E. Beane; Dosemeci, Mustafa; Alavanja, Michael C. R.] NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hoppin, Jane A.; Sandler, Dale P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Lubin, Jay] NCI, Biostat Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Bonner, MR (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM mrbonner@buffalo.edu RI Beane Freeman, Laura/C-4468-2015; OI Beane Freeman, Laura/0000-0003-1294-4124; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU National Institutes of Health, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES049030-11]; National Cancer Institute [Z01-CP010119] FX This work was supported [in part] by the intramural research program of the National Institutes of Health, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES049030-11), and National Cancer Institute (Z01-CP010119). NR 30 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD JUN PY 2010 VL 21 IS 6 BP 871 EP 877 DI 10.1007/s10552-010-9514-9 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 596UA UT WOS:000277709800009 PM 20155313 ER PT J AU Rosales, PI Suidan, MT Venosa, AD AF Rosales, Pablo I. Suidan, Makram T. Venosa, Albert D. TI A laboratory screening study on the use of solidifiers as a response tool to remove crude oil slicks on seawater SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Gas chromatography; Infrared spectroscopy; Oil spills; Oil solidifiers; Prudhoe Bay crude oil; UV-Vis spectroscopy ID SPILL-TREATING AGENTS; SPECTRA AB The effectiveness of five solidifiers to remove Prudhoe Bay crude oil from artificial seawater in the laboratory was determined by UV-Vis and GC/MS. The performance of the solidifiers was determined by UV-Vis as a function of solidifier-to-oil mass ratios (SOR), water volume and surface area, and contact time. An SOR of 1:4 solidified crude oil from 58% to 84%. Under more severe test conditions (SOR 1:16) the material with better performance solidified 28% of the oil initially added to water. The percent mass of free oil remaining on the seawater at the end of the contact time was the same when measured by either UV-Vis or by GC/MS. Analyses performed using GC/MS revealed that oil solidification is not a selective process; n-alkenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reacted at a similar rate for each solidifier. Infrared Spectroscopy was used to investigate the functional groups in the materials as received. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rosales, Pablo I.; Suidan, Makram T.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Venosa, Albert D.] US EPA, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Makram.Suidan@uc.edu FU US Environmental Protection Agency's National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH [EP-C-05-056] FX This research was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency's National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH under Contract No. EP-C-05-056. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 2010 VL 80 IS 4 BP 389 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.04.036 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619RI UT WOS:000279447400005 PM 20451950 ER PT J AU Smith, NL Felix, JF Morrison, AC Demissie, S Glazer, NL Loehr, LR Cupples, LA Dehghan, A Lumley, T Rosamond, WD Lieb, W Rivadeneira, F Bis, JC Folsom, AR Benjamin, E Aulchenko, YS Haritunians, T Couper, D Murabito, J Wang, YA Stricker, BH Gottdiener, JS Chang, PP Wang, TJ Rice, KM Hofman, A Heckbert, SR Fox, ER O'Donnell, CJ Uitterlinden, AG Rotter, JI Willerson, JT Levy, D van Duijn, CM Psaty, BM Witteman, JCM Boerwinkle, E Vasan, RS AF Smith, Nicholas L. Felix, Janine F. Morrison, Alanna C. Demissie, Serkalem Glazer, Nicole L. Loehr, Laura R. Cupples, L. Adrienne Dehghan, Abbas Lumley, Thomas Rosamond, Wayne D. Lieb, Wolfgang Rivadeneira, Fernando Bis, Joshua C. Folsom, Aaron R. Benjamin, Emelia Aulchenko, Yurii S. Haritunians, Talin Couper, David Murabito, Joanne Wang, Ying A. Stricker, Bruno H. Gottdiener, John S. Chang, Patricia P. Wang, Thomas J. Rice, Kenneth M. Hofman, Albert Heckbert, Susan R. Fox, Ervin R. O'Donnell, Christopher J. Uitterlinden, Andre G. Rotter, Jerome I. Willerson, James T. Levy, Daniel van Duijn, Cornelia M. Psaty, Bruce M. Witteman, Jacqueline C. M. Boerwinkle, Eric Vasan, Ramachandran S. TI Association of Genome-Wide Variation With the Risk of Incident Heart Failure in Adults of European and African Ancestry A Prospective Meta-Analysis From the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium SO CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; genetics; heart failure; genome; wide variation; incidence ID ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; LIFETIME RISK; FRAMINGHAM; DISEASE; COMMUNITIES; PREVALENCE; ROTTERDAM; DESIGN; CARDIOMYOPATHY; DYSFUNCTION AB Background-Although genetic factors contribute to the onset of heart failure (HF), no large-scale genome-wide investigation of HF risk has been published to date. We have investigated the association of 2 478 304 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with incident HF by meta-analyzing data from 4 community-based prospective cohorts: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, the Cardiovascular Health Study, the Framingham Heart Study, and the Rotterdam Study. Methods and Results-Eligible participants for these analyses were of European or African ancestry and free of clinical HF at baseline. Each study independently conducted genome-wide scans and imputed data to the approximate to 2.5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms in HapMap. Within each study, Cox proportional hazards regression models provided age-and sex-adjusted estimates of the association between each variant and time to incident HF. Fixed-effect meta-analyses combined results for each single-nucleotide polymorphism from the 4 cohorts to produce an overall association estimate and P value. A genome-wide significance P value threshold was set a priori at 5.0 x 10(-7). During a mean follow-up of 11.5 years, 2526 incident HF events (12%) occurred in 20 926 European-ancestry participants. The meta-analysis identified a genome-wide significant locus at chromosomal position 15q22 (1.4 x 10(-8)), which was 58.8 kb from USP3. Among 2895 African-ancestry participants, 466 incident HF events (16%) occurred during a mean follow-up of 13.7 years. One genome-wide significant locus was identified at 12q14 (6.7 x 10-(8)), which was 6.3 kb from LRIG3. Conclusions-We identified 2 loci that were associated with incident HF and exceeded genome-wide significance. The findings merit replication in other community-based settings of incident HF. (Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2010;3:256-266.) C1 [Smith, Nicholas L.; Heckbert, Susan R.; Psaty, Bruce M.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Cardiovasc Hlth Study, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Glazer, Nicole L.; Bis, Joshua C.; Psaty, Bruce M.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Lumley, Thomas; Rice, Kenneth M.] Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Psaty, Bruce M.] Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Smith, Nicholas L.] Dept Vet Affairs, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Off Res & Dev, Seattle, WA USA. [Smith, Nicholas L.; Heckbert, Susan R.; Psaty, Bruce M.] Grp Hlth, Grp Hlth Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. [Gottdiener, John S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Cardiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Haritunians, Talin; Rotter, Jerome I.] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Inst Med Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. [Morrison, Alanna C.; Benjamin, Emelia; Willerson, James T.] Univ Texas Houston Hlth Sci Ctr, Artherosclerosis Risk Communities Study, Houston, TX USA. [Loehr, Laura R.; Chang, Patricia P.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Couper, David] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Couper, David] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Loehr, Laura R.; Rosamond, Wayne D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Loehr, Laura R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Folsom, Aaron R.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Fox, Ervin R.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Willerson, James T.] Texas Heart Inst, Houston, TX 77025 USA. [Demissie, Serkalem; Cupples, L. Adrienne; Wang, Ying A.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA USA. [Vasan, Ramachandran S.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Sect Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Vasan, Ramachandran S.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Cardiol Sect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [O'Donnell, Christopher J.; Levy, Daniel] NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wang, Thomas J.; O'Donnell, Christopher J.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Cupples, L. Adrienne; Lieb, Wolfgang; Benjamin, Emelia; Murabito, Joanne; Wang, Thomas J.; O'Donnell, Christopher J.; Levy, Daniel; Vasan, Ramachandran S.] Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Rivadeneira, Fernando; Uitterlinden, Andre G.] Erasmus MC, Dept Internal Med, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Felix, Janine F.; Dehghan, Abbas; Aulchenko, Yurii S.; Stricker, Bruno H.; Hofman, Albert; van Duijn, Cornelia M.; Witteman, Jacqueline C. M.] Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol, Rotterdam Study, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Smith, NL (reprint author), Cardiovasc Hlth Res Unit, 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1360, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM nlsmith@u.washington.edu RI Lieb, Wolfgang/C-1990-2012; Rice, Kenneth/A-4150-2013; Aulchenko, Yurii/M-8270-2013; Rivadeneira, Fernando/O-5385-2015 OI Murabito, Joanne/0000-0002-0192-7516; Felix, Janine/0000-0002-9801-5774; Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; Ramachandran, Vasan/0000-0001-7357-5970; Dehghan, Abbas/0000-0001-6403-016X; Benjamin, Emelia/0000-0003-4076-2336; Rice, Kenneth/0000-0001-5779-4495; Aulchenko, Yurii/0000-0002-7899-1575; Rivadeneira, Fernando/0000-0001-9435-9441 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) [N01HC-55015, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55019, N01HC- 55020, N01-HC-55021, N01-HC-55022, R01HL087641, R01HL59367, R01HL086694]; National Human Genome Research Institute [U01HG004402]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [HHSN268200625226C]; NIH, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences; NHLBI [N01-HC-85079, N01-HC-85086, N01-HC-35129, N01 HC-15103, N01 HC55222, N01-HC-75150, N01-HC-45133, U01 HL080295, R01 HL 087652, N01-HC25195, 2K24HL04334, R01HL077477, R01HL093328]; National Center for Research Resources [M01RR00425]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK063491]; Affymetrix, Inc [N02-HL-6-4278]; Robert Dawson Evans Endowment of the Department of Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center; NWO [175.010.2005.011, 911.03.012]; Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)/NWO [050-060-810]; Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research (NWO, VICI) [918-76-619]; [UL1RR025005] FX We acknowledge the essential role of the CHARGE Consortium in developing this article and for the support. CHARGE members include National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's ARIC Study, NIA's Iceland Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Cardiovascular Health Study and Framingham Heart Study, and the Netherland's Rotterdam Study. The authors also acknowledge the thousands of study participants who volunteered their time to help advance science and the scores of research staff and scientists who have made this research possible. The Rotterdam Study authors thank Mila Jhamai, Pascal Arp, Dr Michael J. Moorhouse, Marijn Verkerk, and Sander Bervoets for their help in creating the database and Maxim Struchalin for his contributions to the imputations of the data.; The ARIC Study is carried out as a collaborative study supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) contracts N01HC- 55015, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55019, N01HC- 55020, N01-HC-55021, N01-HC-55022, R01HL087641, R01HL59367, and R01HL086694; National Human Genome Research Institute contract U01HG004402; and National Institutes of Health (NIH) contract HHSN268200625226C. Infrastructure was partly supported by Grant Number UL1RR025005, a component of the NIH and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. This research was supported in part by the intramural research program of the NIH, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences.; The CHS is supported by contract numbers N01-HC-85079 through N01-HC-85086, N01-HC-35129, N01 HC-15103, N01 HC55222, N01-HC-75150, N01-HC-45133, grant numbers U01 HL080295 and R01 HL 087652 from NHLBI with additional contribution from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. A full list of principal CHS investigators and institutions can be found at http://www. chs-nhlbi. org/pi. htm. DNA handling and genotyping was supported in part by National Center for Research Resources grant M01RR00425 to the Cedars-Sinai General Clinical Research Center Genotyping core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases grant DK063491 to the Southern California Diabetes Endocrinology Research Center, and Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors' Chair in Medical Genetics (JIR).; The FHS was supported by NHLBI (Contract No. N01-HC25195) and its contract with Affymetrix, Inc for genotyping services (Contract No. N02-HL-6-4278). This work was also supported in part by grants from the NHLBI 2K24HL04334, R01HL077477, and R01HL093328 (all to RSV). A portion of this research utilized the Linux Cluster for Genetic Analysis (LinGA-II) funded by the Robert Dawson Evans Endowment of the Department of Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center. The analyses reflect intellectual input and resource development from the FHS investigators participating in the SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe) project.; The RS is supported by the Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University Rotterdam; the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw); the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE); the Netherlands Heart Foundation (Nederlandse hartstichting); the Ministry of Health Welfare and Sports; the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science; the European Commission (DG XII); and the Municipality of Rotterdam. Support for genotyping was given by NWO (175.010.2005.011, 911.03.012) and RIDE. This study was supported by the Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)/NWO project number 050-060-810 (Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing). The Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research (NWO, VICI no. 918-76-619) also provided investigator support (A.D., and J.F.F.); The funding sources had no role in the study design, analyses, or drafting of the article. The NHLBI reviews all articles submitted for publication but it was not involved in the decision to publish. Drs NL Smith, JF Felix, AC Morrison, and S Demissie had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. NR 49 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1942-325X J9 CIRC-CARDIOVASC GENE JI Circ.-Cardiovasc. Genet. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 256 EP U79 DI 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.109.895763 PG 13 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Genetics & Heredity SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 611GH UT WOS:000278799900007 PM 20445134 ER PT J AU Soffientino, B Nacci, DE Specker, JL AF Soffientino, Bruno Nacci, Diane E. Specker, Jennifer L. TI Effects of the dioxin-like PCB 126 on larval summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Summer flounder; Stomach; Gastric glands; Polychlorinated biphenyl; PCB 126; CYP1A; Dioxin; TCDD ID MARINE FISH SCUP; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; LIFE-STAGE DEVELOPMENT; RAINBOW-TROUT; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; STENOTOMUS-CHRYSOPS; THYROID-HORMONE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; CYTOCHROME-P450 1A AB Little is known about the sensitivity of teleost post-embryonic developmental stages (larval and metamorphic) to dioxin-like compounds. Larval and metamorphosing summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) were exposed to the dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl congener PCB 126, to compare their sensitivity to other fish species early life stages, and to document effects on metamorphic development, including degree of eye migration and gastric maturation. Median lethal doses (LD 50 s) ranged between 30 and 220 ng/g wet mass, indicating that pre- and early-metamorphic stages of summer flounder are equally sensitive to the embryos of some of the most vulnerable fish species tested. Consistent with the presence of a functional aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway, dose-dependent induction of cytochrome P-4501A (CYP1A) at four days post-exposure was observed in liver, stomach, intestine, and kidney of metamorphosing larvae. Stage-dependent differences in the epithelial distribution of CYP1A immunoreactivity were observed in the developing stomach of fish exposed to relatively high PCB 126 doses. A single sublethal dose (15 ng/g) delayed metamorphic progress (determined by the degree of eye migration), and resulted in abnormally high levels of cell proliferation and abnormal gastric gland morphology in late metamorphic stages. These results suggest that the post-embryonic larval and metamorphic stages of summer flounder, and potentially other fish species with complex life histories, are vulnerable to the effects of dioxin-like compounds, including lethality, developmental delay, and malformations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Soffientino, Bruno] Siena Coll, Dept Biol, Loudonville, NY 12211 USA. [Soffientino, Bruno; Specker, Jennifer L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Nacci, Diane E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Soffientino, B (reprint author), Siena Coll, Dept Biol, 515 Loudon Rd, Loudonville, NY 12211 USA. EM bruno@gso.uri.edu FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX We are very grateful to Dr. John Stegeman for donating the anti-scup CYP1A antibody. Thanks to Drs. Roxanna Smolowitz and Marta Gomez-Chiarri for help with histopathology, and to Denise Champlin for technical advice on fish keeping. This work was supported by a US Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results graduate fellowship to Bruno Soffientino. This is contribution number AED-05-022 of the U.S. EPA ORD NHEERL Atlantic Ecology Division. Although the research described in this contribution has been funded partially by the U.S EPA, it has not been subjected to Agency-level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency. Mention of trade names, products, or services does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 EI 1878-1659 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 152 IS 1 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.02.006 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 603MD UT WOS:000278211800002 PM 20170748 ER PT J AU Serrano, J Higgins, L Witthuhn, BA Anderson, LB Markowski, T Holcombe, GW Kosian, PA Korte, JJ Tietge, JE Degitz, SJ AF Serrano, Jose Higgins, LeeAnn Witthuhn, Bruce A. Anderson, Lorraine B. Markowski, Todd Holcombe, Gary W. Kosian, Patricia A. Korte, Joseph J. Tietge, Joseph E. Degitz, Sigmund J. TI In vivo assessment and potential diagnosis of xenobiotics that perturb the thyroid pathway: Proteomic analysis of Xenopus laevis brain tissue following exposure to model T4 inhibitors SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE 2D PAGE; Amphibian; Brain; Endocrine; iTRAQ; LC-MS/MS; Proteomics ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MULTIPLEXED PROTEIN QUANTITATION; MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; GENE-EXPRESSION INDICATORS; ISOBARIC TAGGING REAGENTS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; STATISTICAL-MODEL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB As part of a multi-endpoint systems approach to develop comprehensive methods for assessing endocrine stressors in vertebrates, differential protein profiling was used to investigate expression patterns in the brain of the amphibian model (Xenopus laevis) following in vivo exposure to a suite of T4 synthesis inhibitors. We specifically address the application of Two Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (20 PAGE), Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (i-TRAQ (R)) and LC-MS/MS to assess changes in relative protein expression levels. 2D PAGE and iTRAQ proved to be effective complementary techniques for distinguishing protein changes in the developing amphibian brain in response to 14 synthesis inhibition. This information served to evaluate the use of distinctive protein profiles as a potential mechanism to screen chemicals for endocrine activity in anurans. Regulatory pathways associated with proteins expressed as a result of chemical effect are reported. To our knowledge, this is also the first account of the anuran larvae brain proteome characterization using proteomic technologies. Correlation of protein changes to other cellular and organism-level responses will aid in the development of a more rapid and cost-effective, non-mammalian screening assay for thyroid axis-disrupting chemicals. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Serrano, Jose; Holcombe, Gary W.; Kosian, Patricia A.; Korte, Joseph J.; Tietge, Joseph E.; Degitz, Sigmund J.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Med, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Higgins, LeeAnn; Witthuhn, Bruce A.; Anderson, Lorraine B.; Markowski, Todd] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Biophys, St Paul, MN 55119 USA. RP Serrano, J (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Med, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM serrano.jose@epa.gov FU ACC CRADA [405SA8]; USEPA-ORD; National Science Foundation [9871237, NSF-DBI-0215759] FX Authors want to thank Benji Hanson (Computer Science Corporation, Duluth, MN) and Thomas McGowan (University of MN, St Paul) for very valuable bioinformatics, statistical, and graphics support. We are also grateful to Drs. Daniel Villeneuve, Michael Hornung, Witold Winnik, David Bencic (USEPA), and Nancy Denslow (University of Florida) for the critical review of this manuscript. Research was supported by ACC CRADA (Endocrine Disrupters; 405SA8), and in part by the USEPA-ORD Computational Toxicology Program. The authors recognize the Center for Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics at the University of Minnesota and various supporting agencies, including the National Science Foundation for Major Research Instrumentation grants 9871237 and NSF-DBI-0215759 used to purchase the instruments described in this study. NR 70 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1744-117X J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS D JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. D-Genomics Proteomics PD JUN PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 BP 138 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.cbd.2010.03.007 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 616MR UT WOS:000279214000008 PM 20452843 ER PT J AU Lytle, DA Nadagouda, MN AF Lytle, Darren A. Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. TI A comprehensive investigation of copper pitting corrosion in a drinking water distribution system SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Copper; Solid analysis; Drinking water distribution system; Pitting corrosion ID BY-PRODUCT RELEASE; ORGANIC-MATTER; DISSOLUTION; SULFATE; PIPES; PH; TEMPERATURE; ALKALINITY; STAGNATION; BACTERIA AB Copper pitting is a complicated corrosion process for which exact causes and solutions are often uncertain. This paper presents the findings of a comprehensive investigation of a cold water copper pitting corrosion problem in a drinking water distribution system, including a refined process for preparing exhumed copper pipes for solids analysis. The investigation produced detailed structural, morphological and elemental details of copper pitting that strongly corroborated previous observations and theoretical models, and revealed new findings. For example, cross-sections revealed three components: the cap, characterized by two basic copper sulfate minerals; the cuprite membrane; and the pit containing cuprite crystals, and chloride. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lytle, Darren A.] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] Pegasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov; nnmalli@yahoo.com OI zaraat, javad/0000-0001-5341-7481 FU US Environmental Protection Agency, through Office of Research and Development FX Notice. The US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 41 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1927 EP 1938 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2010.02.013 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 599ZL UT WOS:000277953000006 ER PT J AU Barnard, HR Graham, CB Van Verseveld, WJ Brooks, JR Bond, BJ McDonnell, JJ AF Barnard, H. R. Graham, C. B. Van Verseveld, W. J. Brooks, J. R. Bond, B. J. McDonnell, J. J. TI Mechanistic assessment of hillslope transpiration controls of diel subsurface flow: a steady-state irrigation approach SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European-Geophysical-Union General Assembly 2008 CY APR 13-18, 2008 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Geophys Union DE transpiration; hillslope hydrology; diel discharge; soil moisture; Douglas-fir; ecohydrology ID DOUGLAS-FIR; HYDRAULIC REDISTRIBUTION; CONIFEROUS FOREST; GROUNDWATER-LEVEL; WATER; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; STREAM; ZONE; FLUCTUATIONS; DYNAMICS AB Mechanistic assessment of how transpiration influences subsurface flow is necessary to advance understanding of catchment hydrology. We conducted a 24-day, steady-state irrigation experiment to quantify the relationships among soil moisture, transpiration and hillslope subsurface flow. Our objectives were to: (1) examine the time lag between maximum transpiration and minimum hillslope discharge with regard to soil moisture; (2) quantify the relationship between did l hillslope discharge and daily transpiration; and (3) identify the soil depth from which trees extract water for transpiration. An 8 x 20 m hillslope was irrigated at a rate of 3.6 mm h(-1). Did l fluctuations in hillslope discharge persisted throughout the experiment. Pre-irrigation time lags between maximum transpiration and minimum hillslope discharge were 6.5 h, whereas lags during steady-state and post-irrigation conditions were 4 and 2 h, respectively. The greatest correlation between transpiration and hillslope discharge occurred during the post-irrigation period, when the did l reduction in hillslope discharge totalled 90% of total measured daily transpiration. Daily transpiration of trees within the irrigated area remained relatively constant throughout the experiment. Diel fluctuations in soil moisture were greatest at a depth of 0.9-1.2 m prior to irrigation and became more uniform throughout the soil profile during and post-irrigation. This study clearly demonstrates that when soil moisture is high, hillslope trees can be an important factor in did l fluctuations in stream discharge. We advance a conceptual model for the site whereby the relationship between transpiration and hillslope discharge is a function of soil moisture status and drainable porosity. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Barnard, H. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barnard, H. R.; Graham, C. B.; Van Verseveld, W. J.; Bond, B. J.; McDonnell, J. J.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brooks, J. R.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Barnard, HR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Holly.Barnard@Colorado.edu RI Graham, Chris/B-1736-2012 NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD JUN PY 2010 VL 3 IS 2 SI SI BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1002/eco.114 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 616NN UT WOS:000279216200002 ER PT J AU Richardson, VM DeVito, MJ AF Richardson, V. M. DeVito, M. J. TI Hepatic Enzyme Inducers Increase Thyroxine (T-4) Catabolism in Human and Rat Hepatocytes. SO ENDOCRINE REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Meeting and Expo of the Endocrine Society (ENDO 2010) CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Endocrine Soc C1 [Richardson, V. M.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Richardson, V. M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [DeVito, M. J.] NIEHS, NTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0163-769X J9 ENDOCR REV JI Endocr. Rev. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 SU 1 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 652FV UT WOS:000281989402082 ER PT J AU Dorevitch, S Ashbolt, NJ Ferguson, CM Fujioka, R McGee, CD Soller, JA Whitman, RL AF Dorevitch, Samuel Ashbolt, Nicholas J. Ferguson, Christobel M. Fujioka, Roger McGee, Charles D. Soller, Jeffrey A. Whitman, Richard L. TI Meeting Report: Knowledge and Gaps in Developing Microbial Criteria for Inland Recreational Waters SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE Clean Water Act; environmental epidemiology; environmental microbiology; indicator bacteria; inland waters; predictive modeling; waterborne pathogens; water recreation ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LAKE-MICHIGAN; GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; PROPIDIUM MONOAZIDE; ROTAVIRUS STRAINS; SURF ZONE; BEACH; QUALITY; ENTEROCOCCI; FRESH AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has committed to issuing in 2012 new or revised criteria designed to protect the health of those who use surface waters for recreation. For this purpose, the U.S. EPA has been conducting epidemiologic studies to establish relationships between microbial measures of water quality and adverse health outcomes among swimmers. New methods for testing water quality that would provide same-day results will likely be elements of the new criteria. Although the epidemiologic studies upon which the criteria will be based were conducted at Great Lakes and marine beaches, the new water quality criteria may be extended to inland waters (IWs). Similarities and important differences between coastal waters (CWs) and IWs that should be considered when developing criteria for IWs were the focus of an expert workshop. Here, we summarize the state of knowledge and research needed to base IWs microbial criteria on sound science. Two key differences between CWs and IWs are the sources of indicator bacteria, which may modify the relationship between indicator microbes and health risk, and the relationship between indicators and pathogens, which also may vary within IWs. Monitoring using rapid molecular methods will require the standardization and simplification of analytical methods, as well as greater clarity about their interpretation. Research needs for the short term and longer term are described. C1 [Dorevitch, Samuel] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Ferguson, Christobel M.] Ecowise Environm, Penrith, NSW, Australia. [Ferguson, Christobel M.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Fujioka, Roger] Univ Hawaii, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [McGee, Charles D.] Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Fountain Valley, CA USA. [Soller, Jeffrey A.] Soller Environm, Berkeley, CA USA. [Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN USA. RP Dorevitch, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, 2121 W Taylor,M-C 923, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM sdorevit@uic.edu RI Guan, Xiaokang/A-6675-2012 FU WERE; Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago FX S.D. currently receives research support from the WERE and the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago. J.A.S. is employed by Soller Environmental, Berkeley, CA. The remaining authors declare they have no actual or potential competing financial interests. NR 57 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 20 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 118 IS 6 BP 871 EP 876 DI 10.1289/ehp.0901627 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 608NP UT WOS:000278591300034 PM 20100678 ER PT J AU Morzillo, AT Mertig, AG Hollister, JW Garner, N Liu, JG AF Morzillo, Anita T. Mertig, Angela G. Hollister, Jeffrey W. Garner, Nathan Liu, Jianguo TI Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Local Support for Black Bear Recovery Strategies SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American black bear; Attitudes; Conditional probability analysis; Human-bear conflict; Human dimensions; Population recovery; Ursus americanus; Wildlife management ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY ANALYSIS; PROTECTED AREAS; WOLF REINTRODUCTION; PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS; HUMAN DENSITY; ATTITUDES; CONSERVATION; RESTORATION; POPULATIONS AB There is global interest in recovering locally extirpated carnivore species. Successful efforts to recover Louisiana black bear in Louisiana have prompted interest in recovery throughout the species' historical range. We evaluated support for three potential black bear recovery strategies prior to public release of a black bear conservation and management plan for eastern Texas, United States. Data were collected from 1,006 residents living in proximity to potential recovery locations, particularly Big Thicket National Preserve. In addition to traditional logistic regression analysis, we used conditional probability analysis to statistically and visually evaluate probabilities of public support for potential black bear recovery strategies based on socioeconomic characteristics. Allowing black bears to repopulate the region on their own (i.e., without active reintroduction) was the recovery strategy with the greatest probability of acceptance. Recovery strategy acceptance was influenced by many socioeconomic factors. Older and long-time local residents were most likely to want to exclude black bears from the area. Concern about the problems that black bears may cause was the only variable significantly related to support or non-support across all strategies. Lack of personal knowledge about black bears was the most frequent reason for uncertainty about preferred strategy. In order to reduce local uncertainty about possible recovery strategies, we suggest that wildlife managers focus outreach efforts on providing local residents with general information about black bears, as well as information pertinent to minimizing the potential for human-black bear conflict. C1 [Morzillo, Anita T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mertig, Angela G.; Liu, Jianguo] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Mertig, Angela G.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. [Hollister, Jeffrey W.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Garner, Nathan] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Tyler, TX 75707 USA. RP Morzillo, AT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM anita.morzillo@oregonstate.edu RI Liu, Jianguo/G-5211-2015; OI Liu, Jianguo/0000-0001-6344-0087; Hollister, Jeffrey/0000-0002-9254-9740 FU Michigan State University; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Western National Parks Association; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; National Aeronautical Space Administration (NASA) Earth System Science (ESS); Canon-National Park Service; Safari Club International-Deep Pineywoods Chapter; National Park Service; Big Thicket Association; USDA Forest Service; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Black Bear Conservation Committee FX Funding for this research was provided by Michigan State University, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Western National Parks Association, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, National Aeronautical Space Administration (NASA) Earth System Science (ESS) Fellowship Program, Canon-National Park Service Fellowship Program, and Safari Club International-Deep Pineywoods Chapter. In kind support was received from the National Park Service, Big Thicket Association, USDA Forest Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and Black Bear Conservation Committee. We are grateful to K. Borland, J. Egeler, S. Panken, A. Stoddard, H. Wade, and E. White for assistance with survey implementation and data entry. We also thank H. Walker, five anonymous reviewers and, most importantly, the East Texas participants of this survey. The information in this document has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency. This is contribution number WED-09-060 of the Western Ecology Division. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1299 EP 1311 DI 10.1007/s00267-010-9485-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 610MK UT WOS:000278736800006 PM 20401658 ER PT J AU Gironas, J Roesner, LA Rossman, LA Davis, J AF Gironas, Jorge Roesner, Larry A. Rossman, Lewis A. Davis, Jennifer TI A new applications manual for the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Software Review DE SWMM; Application manual; Stormwater; Urban drainage; Computer model AB The EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is a widely used program for simulating urban runoff quantity and quality. Its existing documentation includes a User's Manual that describes how to run the program and a Reference Manual that covers its theory and algorithms. A new manual, the "SWMM Applications Manual", has been added to this collection. It contains nine worked-out examples addressing common stormwater management and design problems encountered in practice. The manual will be especially useful for new SWMM users who need additional guidance in applying this powerful tool to urban drainage design and analysis. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gironas, Jorge] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ingn Hidraul & Ambiental, Santiago, Chile. [Roesner, Larry A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rossman, Lewis A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Davis, Jennifer] US Army Corps Engineers, Hydrol Engn Branch, Hydrol Sect, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. RP Gironas, J (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ingn Hidraul & Ambiental, Av Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile. EM jgironas@ing.puc.cl RI Gironas, Jorge/F-8297-2013 OI Gironas, Jorge/0000-0002-6933-2658 NR 3 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 11 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 6 BP 813 EP 814 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.11.009 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 574YO UT WOS:000276030300014 ER PT J AU Nakayama, SF Strynar, MJ Reiner, JL Delinsky, AD Lindstrom, AB AF Nakayama, Shoji F. Strynar, Mark J. Reiner, Jessica L. Delinsky, Amy D. Lindstrom, Andrew B. TI Determination of Perfluorinated Compounds in the Upper Mississippi River Basin SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONATE; SURFACTANTS; JAPAN AB Despite ongoing efforts to develop robust analytical methods for the determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) such as perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in surface water, comparatively little has been published on method performance, and the environmental distribution of these materials remains poorly described worldwide. In this study, an existing method was improved and applied in a large-scale evaluation of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, one of the largest watersheds in the world. Samples were collected in 2008 in an effort that involved multiple sample sites and collection teams, long-range transport, and storage of up to 4 weeks before analysis. Ninety-four percent of the resulting 177 samples had quantifiable PFC concentrations, with 80% of the individual target compounds below 10 ng/L. The most abundant PFCs were perfluorobutanoic acid (C4; 77% above the limit of quantitation, LOQ), perfluorooctanoic acid (C8; 73%), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS; 71%), perfluorohexanoic acid (C6; 70%), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (C7; 69%), with the remaining target compounds occurring above the LOQ in less than 50% of the samples. The highest concentrations recorded include C4 at 458 ng/L, PFOS at 245 ng/L, and C8 at 125 ng/L, suggesting various point source inputs within the Basin. C1 [Strynar, Mark J.; Delinsky, Amy D.; Lindstrom, Andrew B.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nakayama, Shoji F.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Reiner, Jessica L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Lindstrom, AB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mail Drop E205-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lindstrom.andrew@epa.gov RI Reiner, Jessica /B-3167-2011; Reiner, Jessica/B-9169-2008; Nakayama, Shoji/B-9027-2008 FU National Exposure Research Laboratory; United States Environmental Protect ion Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX We express great appreciation for Dave Hokanson of Upper Mississippi River Basin Association, who coordinated the field sampling. We also appreciate the field personnel, especially Laura Solem and Mark Ferry of Minnesota Pollution Agency; John Sullivan of Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Bill Ettinger, Joe Marenick, and Scott Shasteen of Illinois Environmental Protection Agency; and Larry Shepard and Gary Welker of U.S. EPA Region 7 Water Quality Monitoring Team. This study was conducted with assistance from Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) with Waters Corporation (392-06), Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (399-06), and GL Sciences, Inc. (407-07). This research was also supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the National Exposure Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. Disclaimer: The United States Environmental Protect ion Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 22 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 6 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 11 BP 4103 EP 4109 DI 10.1021/es100382z PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 600RA UT WOS:000278003500014 PM 20441143 ER PT J AU Blake, LS Martinovic, D Gray, LE Wilson, VS Regal, RR Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT AF Blake, Lindsey S. Martinovic, Dalma Gray, L. Earl, Jr. Wilson, Vickie S. Regal, Ron R. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Ankley, Gerald T. TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ANDROGEN-SENSITIVE MDA-KB2 CELL LINE FOR ASSESSING COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL MIXTURES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Endocrine-active chemicals; Concentration addition; Androgen receptor (ant)agonist; Triclocarban; Estrogen ID PAPER-MILL EFFLUENTS; IN-VITRO; FATHEAD MINNOW; RAINBOW-TROUT; ESTROGENIC CHEMICALS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR; COMPETITIVE-BINDING; RELATIVE POTENCIES; RECEPTOR AGONISTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Synthetic and natural steroidal androgens and estrogens and many other non-steroidal endocrine-active compounds commonly occur as complex mixtures in aquatic environments. It is important to understand the potential interactive effects of these mixtures to properly assess their risk. Estrogen receptor wagonists exhibit additivity in mixtures when tested in vivo and in vitro. Little is known, however, concerning possible mixture interactions of androgen receptor agonists. In these studies we used the MDA-kb2 cell line, a human breast cancer cell line with endogenous androgen receptors and a stably transfected luciferase reporter gene construct to quantify the androgenic activity of seven natural and synthetic androgens: 17 beta-trenbolone, dihydrotestosterone, methyhestosterone. testosterone, trendione. 17 alpha-trenbolone, and androstenedione. We tested combinations of these androgens and compared the observed activity to expected androgenic activity based on a concentration addition model. Our analyses support the hypothesis that androgen receptor agonists cause additive responses in a mixture. Binary mixtures of 17 beta-trenbolone with 17 beta-estradiol or triclocarban (an antimicrobial found in the environment) were also tested. I 17 beta-Estradiol induced androgenic activity, but only at concentrations 600-fold greater than those found in the environment. Triclocarban enhanced the activity of 17 beta-trenholone. Additionally, three anti-androgens were each paired with three androgens of varying potencies. The relative potencies of the antagonists were a vinclozolin metabolite (M2) > procymidone > prochloraz regardless of the androgen used. The results of our studies demonstrate the potential utility of the androgen-responsive MDA-kb2 cell line for quantifying the activity of mixtures of endocrine-active chemicals in complex wastes such as municipal effluents and feedlot discharges. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1367-1376. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Blake, Lindsey S.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Univ Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Martinovic, Dalma] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Gray, L. Earl, Jr.; Wilson, Vickie S.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Regal, Ron R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Math Sci, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Blake, LS (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM Blake.Lindsey@epa.gov OI Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965; Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 63 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1367 EP 1376 DI 10.1002/etc.166 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 629VA UT WOS:000280226800022 PM 20821581 ER PT J AU Wambaugh, JF Hartley, RR Behringer, RP AF Wambaugh, J. F. Hartley, R. R. Behringer, R. P. TI Force networks and elasticity in granular silos SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL E LA English DT Article ID MOVING WALLS; FLUCTUATIONS; PRESSURE; PACKINGS; FRICTION; MODELS; COLUMN AB We have made experimental observations of the force networks within a two-dimensional granular silo similar to the classical system of Janssen. Models like that of Janssen predict that pressure within a silo saturates with depth as the result of vertical forces being redirected to the walls of the silo where they can then be carried by friction. We use photoelastic particles to obtain information not available in previous silo experiments --the internal force structure. We directly compare various predictions with the results obtained by averaging ensembles of experimentally obtained force networks. We identify several differences between the mean behavior in our system and that predicted by Janssen-like models: We find that the redirection parameter describing how the force network transfers vertical forces to the walls varies with depth. We find that changes in the preparation of the material can cause the pressure within the silo to either saturate or to continue building with depth. Most strikingly, we observe a nonlinear response to overloads applied to the top of the material in the silo. For larger overloads we observe the previously reported "giant overshoot" effect where overload pressure decays only after an initial increase (G. Ovarlez et al., Phys. Rev. E 67, 060302(R) (2003)). For smaller overloads we find that additional pressure propagates to great depth. Analysis of the differences between the inter-grain contact and force networks suggests that, for our system, when the load and the particle weight are comparable, particle elasticity acts to stabilize the force network, allowing deep propagation. For larger loads, the force network rearranges, resulting in the expected, Janssen-like behavior. Thus, a meso-scale network phenomenon results in an observable nonlinearity in the mean pressure profile. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Nonlinear & Complex Syst, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Wambaugh, JF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wambaugh.john@epa.gov OI Wambaugh, John/0000-0002-4024-534X FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0137119, DMR-0555431, DMS-0204677]; NASA [NNC04GB08G] FX We appreciate work by Evelyne Kolb in the initial states of this research. Additionally, we thank Annie Thebprasith, Trush Majmudar, Brian Tighe, Karen Daniels, and Jie Zhang for help developing the instrumentation and many useful discussions. We thank Paul Mort for useful comments. This research was funded by National Science Foundation grants DMR-0137119, DMR-0555431, DMS-0204677, and NASA grant NNC04GB08G. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1292-8941 J9 EUR PHYS J E JI Eur. Phys. J. E PD JUN PY 2010 VL 32 IS 2 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.1140/epje/i2010-10608-1 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 628QN UT WOS:000280135800004 PM 20582447 ER PT J AU Ding, K Seyfried, WE Pester, N Seyfried, E AF Ding, K. Seyfried, W. E., Jr. Pester, N. Seyfried, E. TI A new approach for deducting in situ pH value of hydrothermal fluid in the reaction zone at mid-ocean ridges SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN C1 [Ding, K.; Seyfried, W. E., Jr.; Pester, N.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Seyfried, E.] US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM mlcd@umn.edu RI Pester, Nicholas/G-2424-2015 OI Pester, Nicholas/0000-0002-1852-6663 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 12 SU 1 BP A234 EP A234 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 676TL UT WOS:000283941400717 ER PT J AU Graney, JR Landis, MS AF Graney, J. R. Landis, M. S. TI Size and element specific solubility of aerosols from NE US Sources SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN C1 [Graney, J. R.] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Landis, M. S.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jgraney@binghamton.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 12 SU 1 BP A352 EP A352 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 676TL UT WOS:000283941401079 ER PT J AU Tong, D Byun, D Saylor, R Mathur, R Young, J AF Tong, Daniel Byun, Daewon Saylor, Rick Mathur, Rohit Young, Jeff TI Alternation of cloud chemistry by dust particles SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN C1 [Tong, Daniel; Byun, Daewon; Saylor, Rick] US NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mathur, Rohit; Young, Jeff] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1049 EP A1049 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 676TL UT WOS:000283941400139 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Li, Y Costanza, J Abriola, LM Pennell, KD AF Wang, Y. Li, Y. Costanza, J. Abriola, L. M. Pennell, K. D. TI Enhanced mobility of fullerene (C-60) nanoparticle in the presence of stabilizing agents SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN C1 [Wang, Y.; Abriola, L. M.; Pennell, K. D.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environ Eng, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Li, Y.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Civil Eng, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Costanza, J.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM yonggang.wang@tufts.edu; yli7@unlnotes.unl.edu; costanza.jed@epa.gov; linda.abriola@tufts.edu; kurt.pennell@tufts.edu RI Pennell, Kurt/F-6862-2010 OI Pennell, Kurt/0000-0002-5788-6397 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1111 EP A1111 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 676TL UT WOS:000283941400262 ER PT J AU Greaver, TL Sternberg, LSL AF Greaver, Tara L. Sternberg, Leonel S. L. TI Decreased precipitation exacerbates the effects of sea level on coastal dune ecosystems in open ocean islands SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caribbean islands; climate change; coastal plants; eco physiology; ocean water intrusion; oxygen isotopes; water cycle; water relations ID SAND DUNES; SALT SPRAY; SUBSTRATE SALINITY; SCAEVOLA-SERICEA; WATER-UPTAKE; FRESH-WATER; NEW-ZEALAND; EL-NINO; FLORIDA; VEGETATION AB The alteration of fresh and marine water cycling is likely to occur in coastal ecosystems as climate change causes the global redistribution of precipitation while simultaneously driving sea-level rise at a rate of 2-3 mm yr-1. Here, we examined how precipitation alters the ecological effects of ocean water intrusion to coastal dunes on two oceanic carbonate islands in the Bahamas. The approach was to compare sites that receive high and low annual rainfall and are also characterized by seasonal distribution (wet and dry season) of precipitation. The spatial and temporal variations in precipitation serve as a proxy for conditions of altered precipitation which may occur via climate change. We used the natural abundances of stable isotopes to identify water sources (e.g., precipitation, groundwater and ocean water) in the soil-plant continuum and modeled the depth of plant water uptake. Results indicated that decreased rainfall caused the shallow freshwater table on the dune ecosystem to sink and contract towards the inland, the lower freshwater head allowed ocean water to penetrate into the deeper soils, while shallow soils became exceedingly dry. Plants at the drier site that lived nearest to the ocean responded by taking up water from the deeper and consistently moist soil layers where ocean water intruded. Towards the inland, decreased rainfall caused the water table to sink to a depth that precluded both recharge to the upper soil layers and access by plants. Consequently, plants captured water in more shallow soils recharged by infrequent rainfall events. The results demonstrate dune ecosystems on oceanic islands are more susceptible to ocean water intrusion when annual precipitation decreases. Periods of diminished precipitation caused drought conditions, increased exposure to saline marine water and altered water-harvesting strategies. Quantifying species tolerances to ocean water intrusion and drought are necessary to determine a threshold of community sustainability. C1 [Greaver, Tara L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sternberg, Leonel S. L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Greaver, TL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Mail Drop B-243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM greaver.tara@epa.gov FU EPA STAR; University of Miami FX The authors acknowledge this work would not have been possible without funding from the EPA STAR program and the University of Miami. We would like to thank Mike Storck, Hugo Saltos-Romero, Hannah Thornton, Albert Greaver, Perry Tripp, Linda Greaver and Kim Andrascik for their help conducting field work. We are grateful to the Bahamian National Trust, H. Fishbacher (the Buchaneer Club) and the Gerace Research station for logistical assistance. This article was reviewed by the National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the view and policies of the Agency nor mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1860 EP 1869 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02168.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 591GT UT WOS:000277288900018 ER PT J AU Job, C AF Job, Charles TI New EPA Drinking Water Strategy SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Job, C (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, 4606M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2010 VL 30 IS 3 BP 37 EP 38 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2010.01303.x PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 640PH UT WOS:000281063400002 ER PT J AU Mauderly, JL Burnett, RT Castillejos, M Ozkaynak, H Samet, JM Stieb, DM Vedal, S Wyzga, RE AF Mauderly, Joe L. Burnett, Richard T. Castillejos, Margarita Ozkaynak, Haluk Samet, Jonathan M. Stieb, David M. Vedal, Sverre Wyzga, Ronald E. TI Is the air pollution health research community prepared to support a multipollutant air quality management framework? SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Air pollution; health; air quality; research ID PARTICULATE MATTER; COMPLEX-MIXTURES; LUNG-FUNCTION; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; POPULATION EXPOSURES; OXIDATIVE PROPERTIES; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; DAILY MORTALITY; AMBIENT PM2.5; UNITED-STATES AB Ambient air pollution is always encountered as a complex mixture, but past regulatory and research strategies largely focused on single pollutants, pollutant classes, and sources one-at-a-time. There is a trend toward managing air quality in a progressively "multipollutant" manner, with the idealized goal of controlling as many air contaminants as possible in an integrated manner to achieve the greatest total reduction of adverse health and environmental impacts This commentary considers the current ability of the environmental air pollution exposure and health research communities to provide evidence to inform the development of multipollutant air quality management strategies and assess their effectiveness The commentary is not a literature review, but a summary of key issues and information gaps, strategies for filling the gaps, and realistic expectations for progress that could be made during the next decade. The greatest need is for researchers and sponsors to address air quality health impacts from a truly multipollutant perspective, and the most limiting current information gap is knowledge of personal exposures of different subpopulations, considering activities and microenvironments Emphasis is needed on clarifying the roles of a broader range of pollutants and their combinations in a more forward-looking manner, that is not driven by current regulatory structures. Although advances in research tools and outcome data will enhance progress, the greater need is to direct existing capabilities toward strategies aimed at placing into proper context the contributions of multiple pollutants and their combinations to the health burdens, and the relative contributions of pollutants and other factors influencing the same outcomes The authors conclude that the research community has very limited ability to advise multipollutant air quality management and assess its effectiveness at this time, but that considerable progress can be made in a decade, even at current funding levels, if resources and incentives are shifted appropriately C1 [Mauderly, Joe L.] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Burnett, Richard T.; Stieb, David M.] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Castillejos, Margarita] Univ Metropolitana X Autonoma, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Ozkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Samet, Jonathan M.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Vedal, Sverre] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wyzga, Ronald E.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Mauderly, JL (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. NR 97 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 25 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 22 SU 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.3109/08958371003793846 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 632IJ UT WOS:000280415600001 PM 20462389 ER PT J AU Alexis, NE Lay, JC Hazucha, M Harris, B Hernandez, ML Bromberg, PA Kehrl, H Diaz-Sanchez, D Kim, C Devlin, RB Peden, DB AF Alexis, Neil E. Lay, John C. Hazucha, Milan Harris, Bradford Hernandez, Michelle L. Bromberg, Philip A. Kehrl, Howard Diaz-Sanchez, David Kim, Chong Devlin, Robert B. Peden, David B. TI Low-level ozone exposure induces airways inflammation and modifies cell surface phenotypes in healthy humans SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antigen-presenting cells; dendritic cell; inflammation; macrophage; ozone; pollution; polymorpho-nuclear neutrophil ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; ASTHMATIC SUBJECTS; AIR-POLLUTION; IN-VIVO; INDIVIDUALS; VOLUNTEERS; MARKERS; FLOW; PHAGOCYTES; RESPONSES AB The effects of low-level ozone exposure (0.08 ppm) on pulmonary function in healthy young adults are well known; however, much less is known about the inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of low-level ozone in the airways. Techniques such as induced sputum and flow cytometry make it possible to examine airways inflammatory responses and changes in immune cell surface phenotypes following low-level ozone exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine if exposure to 0.08 parts per million ozone for 6.6 h induces inflammation and modifies immune cell surface phenotypes in the airways of healthy adult subjects. Fifteen normal volunteers underwent an established 0.08 part per million ozone exposure protocol to characterize the effect of ozone on airways inflammation and immune cell surface phenotypes. Induced sputum and flow cytometry were used to assess these endpoints 24 h before and 18 h after exposure. The results showed that exposure to 0.08 ppm ozone for 6.6 h induced increased airway neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells and modified the expression of CD14, HLA-DR, CD80, and CD86 on monocytes 18 h following exposure. Exposure to 0.08 parts per million ozone is associated with increased airways inflammation and promotion of antigen-presenting cell phenotypes 18 hours following exposure. These findings need to be replicated in a similar experiment that includes a control air exposure. C1 [Alexis, Neil E.; Lay, John C.; Hazucha, Milan; Harris, Bradford; Hernandez, Michelle L.; Bromberg, Philip A.; Peden, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Hazucha, Milan; Bromberg, Philip A.; Peden, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Alexis, Neil E.; Lay, John C.; Harris, Bradford; Hernandez, Michelle L.; Peden, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Kehrl, Howard; Diaz-Sanchez, David; Kim, Chong; Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Alexis, NE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Neil_Alexis@med.unc.edu RI Lay, John/A-6380-2012 FU NIEHS [R01ES012706]; US EPA [CR 83346301] FX This work was supported by NIEHS grant R01ES012706 and US EPA Cooperative Agreement CR 83346301. The authors have no competing financial or nonfinancial interests to disclose. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 22 IS 7 BP 593 EP 600 DI 10.3109/08958371003596587 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 633VT UT WOS:000280535600007 PM 20384440 ER PT J AU Sayed, A Wiechman, B Struewing, I Smith, M French, W Nielsen, C Bagley, M AF Sayed, A. Wiechman, B. Struewing, I. Smith, M. French, W. Nielsen, C. Bagley, M. TI Isolation of transcripts from Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte responsive to the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry3Bb1 SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene expression; Diabrotica; cDNA; subtractive hybridization; Bacillus thuriengiesis; resistant ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; RICH SECRETORY PROTEINS; FIRE ANT VENOM; CHORISTONEURA-FUMIFERANA; JUVENILE-HORMONE; TRANSGENIC CORN; CRY1AB TOXIN; GENE AB Crystal (Cry) proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been widely used as a method of insect pest management for several decades. In recent years, a transgenic corn expressing the Cry3Bb1 toxin has been successfully used for protection against corn rootworm larvae (genus Diabrotica). The biological action of the Bt toxin in corn rootworms has not yet been clearly defined. Because development of resistance to Bt by corn rootworms will have huge economic and ecological costs, insight into larval response to Bt toxin is highly desirable. We identified 19 unique transcripts that are differentially expressed in D. virgifera virgifera larvae reared on corn transgenic for Cry3Bb1. Putative identities of these genes were consistent with impacts on metabolism and development. Analysis of highly modulated transcripts resulted in the characterization of genes coding for a member of a cysteine-rich secretory protein family and a glutamine-rich membrane protein. A third gene that was isolated encodes a nondescript 132 amino acid protein while a fourth highly modulated transcript could not be further characterized. Expression patterns of these four genes were strikingly different between susceptible and resistant western corn rootworm populations. These genes may provide useful targets for monitoring of Bt exposure patterns and resistance development in pest and non-target insect populations. C1 [Sayed, A.; Wiechman, B.; Struewing, I.] US EPA, Dynamac Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Smith, M.] US EPA, McConnell Grp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [French, W.; Nielsen, C.] ARS, USDA, Brookings, SD USA. [Bagley, M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sayed, A (reprint author), US EPA, Dynamac Corp, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sayed.abu@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EPD06096] FX Technical support was provided by Ana Braam, Carrie Drake, Jessica Acosta, Reena Mackwan, and Paul Weaver. Ty Vaughn (Monsanto Co.) was instrumental in facilitating acquisition of Bt and isoline corn seed for the trials. We thank Suzanne Jackson, Robert Flick, David Lattier, David Bencic, George King and three anonymous reviewers for critically reading and improving the manuscript. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded the research described here under Contract EPD06096 to Dynamac Corporation. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the USEPA or the USDA. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 BP 381 EP 389 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.00998.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 591SD UT WOS:000277322700011 PM 20337747 ER PT J AU Berrocal, VJ Gelfand, AE Holland, DM AF Berrocal, Veronica J. Gelfand, Alan E. Holland, David M. TI A Spatio-Temporal Downscaler for Output From Numerical Models SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian melding; Calibration; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Ordinary kriging; Spatial misalignment; Spatially varying coefficient model ID SPATIAL DATA; COREGIONALIZATION; MORTALITY; ATLANTA; VISITS; ASTHMA AB Often, in environmental data collection, data arise from two sources: numerical models and monitoring networks. The first source provides predictions at the level of grid cells, while the second source gives measurements at points. The first is characterized by full spatial coverage of the region of interest, high temporal resolution, no missing data but consequential calibration concerns. The second tends to be sparsely collected in space with coarser temporal resolution, often with missing data but, where recorded, provides, essentially, the true value. Accommodating the spatial misalignment between the two types of data is of fundamental importance for both improved predictions of exposure as well as for evaluation and calibration of the numerical model. In this article we propose a simple, fully model-based strategy to downscale the output from numerical models to point level. The static spatial model, specified within a Bayesian framework, regresses the observed data on the numerical model output using spatially-varying coefficients which are specified through a correlated spatial Gaussian process. As an example, we apply our method to ozone concentration data for the eastern U.S. and compare it to Bayesian melding (Fuentes and Raftery 2005) and ordinary kriging (Cressie 1993; ChilSs and Delfiner 1999). Our results show that our method outperforms Bayesian melding in terms of computing speed and it is superior to both Bayesian melding and ordinary kriging in terms of predictive performance; predictions obtained with our method are better calibrated and predictive intervals have empirical coverage closer to the nominal values. Moreover, our model can be easily extended to accommodate for the temporal dimension. In this regard, we consider several spatio-temporal versions of the static model. We compare them using out-of-sample predictions of ozone concentration for the eastern U.S. for the period May 1-October 15, 2001. For the best choice, we present a summary of the analysis. Supplemental material, including color versions of Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, and MCMC diagnostic plots, are available online. C1 [Berrocal, Veronica J.; Gelfand, Alan E.] Duke Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Holland, David M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Berrocal, VJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM vjb2@stat.duke.edu; alan@stat.duke.edu; holland.david@epa.gov FU Environmental Protection Agency [RD-83329301-0]; National Institutes of Health [P20-RR020782-03] FX The authors thank Serge Guillas and Sujit Sahu for useful conversations. This research was facilitated through grant RD-83329301-0 from the Environmental Protection Agency and grant P20-RR020782-03 from the National Institutes of Health. NR 30 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 15 IS 2 BP 176 EP 197 DI 10.1007/s13253-009-0004-z PG 22 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 609UX UT WOS:000278684100003 PM 21113385 ER PT J AU Chien, HY Kao, CM Liu, JK Takagi, K Surampalli, RY AF Chien, H. Y. Kao, C. M. Liu, J. K. Takagi, K. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Clean up of Petroleum-Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils Using Enhanced Bioremediation System: Laboratory Feasibility Study SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Soil contamination; Total petroleum hydrocarbon; Enhanced bioremediation ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MONITORED NATURAL ATTENUATION; SPILL SITE; FIELD TRIAL; BIODEGRADATION; MTBE; REMEDIATE; GROUNDWATER; SURFACTANTS; MICROCOSM AB The objective of this study was to assess the potential of applying enhanced bioremediation on the treatment of petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Microcosm experiments were conducted to determine the optimal biodegradation conditions. The control factors included oxygen content, nutrient addition, addition of commercially available mixed microbial inocula, addition of wood chip and rice husk mixtures (volume ratio=1:1) as bulking agents, and addition of organic amendments (chicken manures). Results indicate that the supplement of microbial inocula or chicken manures could significantly increase the microbial populations in soils, and thus enhance the efficiency of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal (initial TPH=5,500 mg/kg). The highest first-order TPH decay rate and removal ratio were approximately 0.015 day(-1) and 85%, respectively, observed in microcosms containing microbial inocula (mass ratio of soil to inocula=50:1), nutrient, and bulking agent (volume ratio of soil to bulking agent=10 to 1) during 155 days of incubation. Results indicate that the first-order TPH decay rates of 0.015 and 0.0142 day(-1) can be obtained with the addition of microbial inocula and chicken manures, respectively, compared with the decay rate of 0.0069 day(-1) under intrinsic conditions. Thus, chicken manures have the potential to be used as substitutes of commercial microbial inocula. The decay rate and removal ratio can be further enhanced to 0.0196 day(-1) and 87%, respectively, with frequent soil shaking and air replacement. Results will be useful in designing an ex situ soil bioremediation systems (e.g., biopile and land farming) for practical application. C1 [Chien, H. Y.; Kao, C. M.] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Environm Engn, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Liu, J. K.] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Takagi, K.] Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Organochem Div, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Kao, CM (reprint author), Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Environm Engn, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. EM jkao@mail.nsysu.edu.tw FU National Science Council in Taiwan [95-2622-E-110-002-CC3]; University of Hawaii, United States; National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan FX This project was funded in part by National Science Council in Taiwan (Grant No. 95-2622-E-110-002-CC3). Additional thanks to Professor B. Y. Yang of University of Hawaii, United States and Professor S. C. Chen of National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan for their support and assistance throughout this project. The views or opinions expressed in this article are those of the writers and should not be construed as opinions of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2010 VL 136 IS 6 BP 597 EP 606 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000166 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 597HD UT WOS:000277746500006 ER PT J AU Chang, NB Yang, YJ Goodrich, JA Daranpob, A AF Chang, Ni-Bin Yang, Y. Jeffrey Goodrich, James A. Daranpob, Ammarin TI Development of the Metropolitan Water Availability Index (MWAI) and short-term assessment with multi-scale remote sensing technologies SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Water resources management; Climate change; Drought management; Multi-sensor remote sensing; Water infrastructure; Risk management; Risk communication ID ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS; SOIL-MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS; ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX; TAMPA-BAY; DETECTING CHLOROPHYLL; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SUSPENDED MATTER; DROUGHT INDEXES; SPECTRAL INDEX AB Global climate change will influence environmental conditions including temperature, surface radiation, soil moisture, and sea level, and it will also significantly impact regional-scale hydrologic processes such as evapotranspiration (ET), precipitation, runoff, and snowmelt. The quantity and quality of water available for drinking and other domestic usage is also likely to be affected by changes in these processes. Consequently, it is necessary to assess and reflect upon the challenges ahead for water infrastructure and the general public in metropolitan regions. One approach to the problem is to use index-based assessment, forecasting and planning. The drought indices previously developed were not developed for domestic water supplies, and thus are insufficient for the purpose of such an assessment. This paper aims to propose and develop a "Metropolitan Water Availability Index (MWAI)" to assess the status of both the quantity and quality of available potable water sources diverted from the hydrologic cycle in a metropolitan region. In this approach, the accessible water may be expressed as volume per month or week (i.e., m(3)/month or m(3)/week) relative to a prescribed historical record, and such a trend analysis may result in final MWAI values ranging from 1 to +1 for regional water management decision making. The MWAI computation uses data and information from both historical point measurements and spatial remote-sensing based monitoring. Variables such as precipitation, river discharge, and water quality changes at drinking water plant intakes at specific locations are past "point" measurements in MWAI calculations. On the other hand, remote sensing provides information on both spatial and temporal distributions of key variables. Examples of remote-sensing images and sensor network technologies are in-situ sensor networks, ground-based radar, air-borne aircraft, and even space-borne satellites. A case study in Tampa Bay, Florida is described to demonstrate the short-term assessment of the MWAI concept at a practical level. It is anticipated that such a forecasting methodology may be extended for middle-term and long-term water supply assessment. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, Ni-Bin; Daranpob, Ammarin] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Yang, Y. Jeffrey; Goodrich, James A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Chang, NB (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM nchang@mail.ucf.edu FU US EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory FX The financial and administrative support from the US EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged. This paper has benefited from the reviews and discussions of EPA colleagues: Dr. Audrey Levine, Dr. Chris Impelletteri, Jeff Adams, and Jean Dye, and Michelle Latham. Conclusions and opinions presented in this paper are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the position of the U.S. EPA. Mention of commercial products, trade names or services in the paper does not convey, and should not be interpreted as conveying official EPA approval, endorsement, or recommendation. NR 121 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1397 EP 1413 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.02.024 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 597MF UT WOS:000277760800018 PM 20227167 ER PT J AU Zartarian, VG Schultz, BD AF Zartarian, Valerie G. Schultz, Bradley D. TI The EPA's human exposure research program for assessing cumulative risk in communities SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EPA; cumulative; exposure; communities; risk; community-based ID DISPARITIES; HEALTH AB Communities are faced with challenges in identifying and prioritizing environmental issues, taking actions to reduce their exposures, and determining their effectiveness for reducing human health risks. Additional challenges include determining what scientific tools are available and most relevant, and understanding how to use those tools; given these barriers, community groups tend to rely more on risk perception than science. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL) and collaborators are developing and applying tools (models, data, methods) for enhancing cumulative risk assessments. The NERL's "Cumulative Communities Research Program" focuses on key science questions: (1) How to systematically identify and prioritize key chemical stressors within a given community?; (2) How to develop estimates of exposure to multiple stressors for individuals in epidemiologic studies?; and (3) What tools can be used to assess community-level distributions of exposures for the development and evaluation of the effectiveness of risk reduction strategies? This paper provides community partners and scientific researchers with an understanding of the NERL research program and other efforts to address cumulative community risks; and key research needs and opportunities. Some initial findings include the following: (1) Many useful tools exist for components of risk assessment, but need to be developed collaboratively with end users and made more comprehensive and user-friendly for practical application; (2) Tools for quantifying cumulative risks and impact of community risk reduction activities are also needed; (3) More data are needed to assess community-and individual-level exposures, and to link exposure-related information with health effects; and (4) Additional research is needed to incorporate risk-modifying factors ("non-chemical stressors") into cumulative risk assessments. The products of this research program will advance the science for cumulative risk assessments and empower communities with information so that they can make informed, cost-effective decisions to improve public health. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2010) 20, 351-358; doi:10.1038/jes.2009.20; published online 15 April 2009 C1 [Zartarian, Valerie G.; Schultz, Bradley D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Schultz, BD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM schultz.brad@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency administrative review and approved for publication. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 4 BP 351 EP 358 DI 10.1038/jes.2009.20 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 598IG UT WOS:000277828400006 PM 19367326 ER PT J AU Medina-Vera, M Van Emon, JM Melnyk, LJ Bradham, KD Harper, SL Morgan, JN AF Medina-Vera, Myriam Van Emon, Jeanette M. Melnyk, Lisa J. Bradham, Karen D. Harper, Sharon L. Morgan, Jeffrey N. TI An overview of measurement method tools available to communities for conducting exposure and cumulative risk assessments SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE measurement methods; screening; community; analytes; quantitative methods; databases ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PASSIVE OZONE NETWORK; CHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS; MODELING OPPORTUNITY; SOIL PROPERTIES; SERUM SAMPLES; ELISA; TRACEABILITY; PESTICIDES; WATER AB Community-based programs for assessing and mitigating environmental risks represent a challenge to participants because each brings a different level of understanding of the issues affecting the community. These programs often require the collaboration of several community sectors, such as community leaders, local governments and researchers. Once the primary concerns, community vulnerabilities and assets are identified, participants plan on how to address immediate actions, rank known risks, collect information to support decision making, set priorities and determine an evaluation process to assess the success of the actions taken. The evaluation process allows the community to develop new action plans based on the results obtained from earlier actions. Tracking the success of the community actions may be as simple as a visual/tangible result (e. g., cleaning a park) or as complex as the collection of specific measurements to track the reduction of toxic pollutants or to determine the presence of a specific contaminant. Recognizing that communities may need to perform measurements to meet their goals, this paper provides an overview of the available measurement methods for several chemicals and biologicals in relevant environmental samples to a community setting. The measurement methods are organized into several categories according to their level of complexity, estimated cost and sources. Community project technical advisors are encouraged to examine the objective(s) of the community to be addressed by a measurement collection effort and the level of confidence that needed for the data to make appropriate decisions. The tables provide a starting point for determining which measurement method may be appropriate for specific community needs. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2010) 20, 359-370; doi:10.1038/jes.2009.23; published online 18 March 2009 C1 [Medina-Vera, Myriam; Bradham, Karen D.; Harper, Sharon L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Van Emon, Jeanette M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Melnyk, Lisa J.; Morgan, Jeffrey N.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Medina-Vera, M (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Code D 305-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Medina-Vera.Myriam@epa.gov NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 4 BP 359 EP 370 DI 10.1038/jes.2009.23 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 598IG UT WOS:000277828400007 PM 19293846 ER PT J AU Barzyk, TM Conlon, KC Chahine, T Hammond, DM Zartarian, VG Schultz, BD AF Barzyk, Timothy M. Conlon, Kathryn C. Chahine, Teresa Hammond, Davyda M. Zartarian, Valerie G. Schultz, Bradley D. TI Tools available to communities for conducting cumulative exposure and risk assessments SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cumulative exposure; cumulative risk; community-based; exposure assessments; exposure tools ID ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH SCIENCES; PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH; LOCAL KNOWLEDGE; NEW-YORK; PACE EH; DISPARITIES; JUSTICE; VULNERABILITY; CHILDREN; ASTHMA AB This paper summarizes and assesses over 70 tools that could aid with gathering information and taking action on environmental issues related to community-based cumulative risk assessments (CBCRA). Information on tool use, development and research needs, was gathered from websites, documents, and CBCRA program participants and researchers, including 25 project officers who work directly with community groups. The tools were assessed on the basis of information provided by project officers, community members, CBCRA researchers, and by case study applications. Tables summarize key environmental issues and tool features: (1) a listing of CBCRA-related environmental issues of concern to communities; (2) web-based tools that map environmental information; (3) step-by-step guidance documents; (4) databases of environmental information; and (5) computer models that simulate human exposure to chemical stressors. All tools described here are publicly available, with the focus being on tools developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. These tables provide sources of information to promote risk identification and prioritization beyond risk perception approaches, and could be used by CBCRA participants and researchers. The purpose of this overview is twofold: (1) To present a comprehensive, though not exhaustive, summary of numerous tools that could aid with performing CBCRAs; and (2) To use this toolset as a sample of the current state of CBCRA tools to critically examine their utility and guide research for the development of new and improved tools. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2010) 20, 371-384; doi:10.1038/jes.2009.25; published online 29 April 2009 C1 [Barzyk, Timothy M.; Conlon, Kathryn C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Chahine, Teresa] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Student Serv, US EPA,Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Barzyk, TM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Barzyk.timothy@epa.gov FU US EPA through its Office of Research and Development FX The US EPA through its Office of Research and Development funded and conducted the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 4 BP 371 EP 384 DI 10.1038/jes.2009.25 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 598IG UT WOS:000277828400008 PM 19401721 ER PT J AU Kahn, HD Santella, D AF Kahn, Henry D. Santella, Dennis TI Comment on: "Summary of the development of a signature for the detection of residual dust from collapse of the World Trade Center buildings" SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Kahn, Henry D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Santella, Dennis] US EPA, New York, NY USA. RP Kahn, HD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM kahn.henry@epa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 4 BP 393 EP 394 DI 10.1038/jes.2009.22 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 598IG UT WOS:000277828400010 PM 20485293 ER PT J AU Aad, MPA Suidan, MT Shuster, WD AF Aad, Maya P. Abi Suidan, Makram T. Shuster, William D. TI Modeling Techniques of Best Management Practices: Rain Barrels and Rain Gardens Using EPA SWMM-5 SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Storm water runoff; Rain garden; Rain barrel; Best management practices; Modeling techniques ID SYSTEMS; RUNOFF AB It is well established that the excess storm-water runoff volume from impervious areas can lead to impairments and water pollution originating from the sewer system overflow and combined sewer systems overflow. This redirection of the runoff into wastewater treatment plants and stream channels can also deprive shallow groundwater tables with recharge, as an impervious surface prevents water from infiltrating to aquifers. The runoff from impervious areas and, in particular, directly connected impervious areas, has been proven to cause the majority of the problem. Controlling the runoff at its source and disconnecting the impervious area from the sewer system is a way to resolve and reduce the impact of excess runoff. This is achieved by implementing specialized detention technologies for runoff reduction. This paper builds on new modeling techniques of two best management practices, rain gardens and rain barrels, implemented in the EPA storm-water management model Version 5 (SWMM-5). The behaviors of a continuously draining rain barrel and an overflowing rain barrel were studied under steady state and unsteady state conditions using C++ and MATLAB programs. The models obtained were compared to a rain barrel conceived within the EPA SWMM-5 subcatchment architecture. Next, a model input was derived to best describe the behavior of a treatment train for water quantity composed of a rain garden, the overflowing rain barrel, and/or the continuously draining rain barrel. A simulated rainfall event in EPA SWMM-5 assesses the results of each subcatchment's model input and estimates the potential percentage of runoff reduction and the potential reduction in the peak flow and timing of outflow. C1 [Suidan, Makram T.] Univ Cincinnati, Engn Res Ctr 701, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Shuster, William D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Aad, MPA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Engn Res Ctr 701, 765 Baldwin Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 10 U2 78 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 15 IS 6 SI SI BP 434 EP 443 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000136 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 597GA UT WOS:000277743400008 ER PT J AU Stander, EK Borst, M AF Stander, Emilie K. Borst, Michael TI Hydraulic Test of a Bioretention Media Carbon Amendment SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Stormwater management; Bioretention media; Carbon amendment ID WATER-QUALITY IMPROVEMENT; URBAN STORMWATER RUNOFF; PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL; POLLUTANT REMOVAL; NITROGEN REMOVAL; NORTH-CAROLINA; RAIN GARDEN; FIELD; PERFORMANCE; RETENTION AB Rain gardens effectively remove some stressors from storm water, but in most cases they show much smaller removal rates of nitrate, likely due to the high sand and low organic matter content of rain garden media inhibiting denitrification. A bench-scale experiment was conducted to test the drainage capability of media containing shredded newspaper layers as a carbon amendment. Storm water was introduced at low and high rates to bins containing zero, one, and two layers of newspaper at varying depths. While there were differences in effluent volumes and flow rates between control and newspaper treatments, surface ponding occurred in all three treatments, suggesting that some other factor besides the newspaper had an effect on drainage properties. Grain size and clay mineralogy analyses indicated the migration of finer particles into the deeper soils, which could have inhibited drainage. C1 [Stander, Emilie K.; Borst, Michael] US EPA, Urban Watershed Management Branch, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP Stander, EK (reprint author), US EPA, Urban Watershed Management Branch, 2890 Woodbridge Ave, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. EM stander.emilie@epa.gov; borst.mike@epa.gov FU Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA FX This research at the Urban Watershed Management Branch, Edison, N.J., is supported by the Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA. We thank Clarence Smith, John Lapinski, Christa Casciolini, and Mike Cerrato at PARS Environmental for the sample collection under EPA Contract No. EP-C-04-064. We also thank Kirk Scheckel at EPA's LRPCD for conducting the clay mineralogy analysis. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 23 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 15 IS 6 SI SI BP 531 EP 536 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000133 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 597GA UT WOS:000277743400018 ER PT J AU Jalili, A Pashenkov, M Kriehuber, E Wagner, C Nakano, H Stingl, G Wagner, SN AF Jalili, Ahmad Pashenkov, Mikhail Kriehuber, Ernst Wagner, Christine Nakano, Hideki Stingl, Georg Wagner, Stephan N. TI Induction of Targeted Cell Migration by Cutaneous Administration of a DNA Vector Encoding a Biologically Active Chemokine CCL21 SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA CELLS; LYMPHOID-TISSUE CHEMOKINE; HIGH ENDOTHELIAL VENULES; MICE LACKING EXPRESSION; MEMORY T-CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; CD40 LIGATION; PERIPHERAL-TISSUES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MEDIATED CONTROL AB Skin inflammation can induce local expression of CCL21, which is subsequently drained to lymph nodes (LNs) influencing their cellular composition. To determine whether the same can be achieved by dermal administration of a plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding CCL21, we generated a pDNA-based gene construct allowing high-level expression of CCL21. Expression and secretion of biologically active CCL21 were confirmed in vitro by immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis, ELISA, and transwell chemotactic assays. In vivo experiments showed cellular expression of transgenic CCL21 after particle-mediated gene gun delivery of pDNA into skin. CCL21 was expressed in the epidermis, consequently secreted into the upper dermis, and transported into the draining LNs, which resulted in increased CCL21 concentration, total cell number, and frequencies of CD11c(+) DCs and CD4(+)/CD62L(+) naive, CD4(+)/CD62L(-), and CD8(+)/CD62L(-) effector memory T-cells (expressing CCL21 receptors CCR7 or CXCR3), as well as retention of adoptively transferred T-lymphocytes, in the draining LNs of plt/plt mice (lacking endogenous expression of CCL21). Our studies show that biologically active CCL21 can be overexpressed by genetic means in vitro and in vivo. This strategy allows reconstitution of a genetic defect and colocalization of different cell types in the secondary lymphoid organs, an important prerequisite for targeted cell migration. C1 [Jalili, Ahmad; Pashenkov, Mikhail; Kriehuber, Ernst; Wagner, Christine; Stingl, Georg; Wagner, Stephan N.] Med Univ Vienna, Dept Dermatol, DIAID, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Nakano, Hideki] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Jalili, A (reprint author), Med Univ Vienna, Dept Dermatol, DIAID, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Wahringer Gurtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. EM ahmad.jalili@meduniwien.ac.at; stephan.wagner@meduniwien.ac.at OI Wagner, Stephan/0000-0003-4941-7029 FU Austrian Academy of Sciences (Vienna, Austria) [20040] FX We are grateful to Robert Zaugg (Vical Incorp., San Diego, CA) for providing the VR1012 pDNA vector and Dr Kirsten Merz for critically reading the paper. This work was supported by a grant (20040) from the Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (Vienna, Austria). NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 130 IS 6 BP 1611 EP 1623 DI 10.1038/jid.2010.31 PG 13 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 596DS UT WOS:000277665200019 PM 20182442 ER PT J AU Villegas, EN Augustine, SAJ Villegas, LF Ware, MW See, MJ Lindquist, HDA Schaefer, FW Dubey, JP AF Villegas, Eric N. Augustine, Swinburne A. J. Villegas, Leah Fohl Ware, Michael W. See, Mary Jean Lindquist, H. D. Alan Schaefer, Frank W., III Dubey, J. P. TI Using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and cell culture plaque assays to determine resistance of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts to chemical sanitizers SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Viability; Disinfection; SporoSAG; RT-PCR; Oocyst ID SEVERE ACQUIRED TOXOPLASMOSIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; MESSENGER-RNA; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; FRENCH-GUIANA; INFECTIVITY; INACTIVATION; VIABILITY; WATER AB Toxoplasma gondii oocysts are highly resistant to many chemical sanitizers. Methods used to determine oocyst infectivity have relied primarily on mouse, chicken, and feline bioassays. Although considered gold standards, they only provide a qualitative assessment of oocyst viability. In this study, two alternative approaches were developed to quantitate viable T gondii oocysts following treatment with several common sanitizers. The first is a quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay targeting the ACT1 and SporoSAG genes to enumerate viable T. gondii oocysts. RT-qPCR C(T) values between Wescodyne (R), acidified ethanol, or heat treated oocysts were not significantly different as compared with untreated controls. By contrast, treatment with formalin or Clorox (R) resulted in a 2-log(10) reduction in C(T) values. An in vitro T. gondii oocyst plaque assay (TOP-assay) was also developed to measure oocyst viability. This assay used a combination of bead milling and bile digestion, followed by culturing the excysted sporozoites in a confluent fibroblast cell monolayer. Results showed that no significant reduction in sporozoite viability was detected in acidified ethanol or Wescodyne (R) treated oocysts while at least a 2-log(10) reduction in plaques formed was observed with Clorox (R) treated oocysts. Moreover, formalin or heat treatment of oocysts resulted in at least a 5-log(10) reduction in plaques formed. This study demonstrates that an mRNA-based PCR viability assay targeting the ACT1 or SporoSAG genes is a relatively rapid technique compared to in vitro and in vivo assays. In addition, the TOP-assay proved very effective and sensitive at quantifying oocyst viability when compared with animal bioassays. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Villegas, Eric N.] US EPA, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Villegas, Eric N.; See, Mary Jean] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, McMicken Coll Arts & Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Lindquist, H. D. Alan; Schaefer, Frank W., III] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Villegas, EN (reprint author), US EPA, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MS 320,26 W Martin Luther King Dr Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM villegas.eric@epa.gov RI Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015 OI Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [DW-12-92289801-0] FX We would like to thank Dr. Michael White for the SporoSAG construct, Drs. Gene Rice and Sam Hayes for technical review of the manuscript. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under an interagency agreement number DW-12-92289801-0 to USDA. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Note that approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Current address: LFV, Shaw Environmental and Infrastructure, Inc., Cincinnati, OH; MJS, Dynamac, Inc. Cincinnati, OH. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 3 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.03.023 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 604RU UT WOS:000278297000002 PM 20385175 ER PT J AU Goldsmith, MR Transue, TR Chang, DT Tornero-Velez, R Breen, MS Dary, CC AF Goldsmith, Michael-Rock Transue, Thomas R. Chang, Daniel T. Tornero-Velez, Rogelio Breen, Michael S. Dary, Curtis C. TI PAVA: physiological and anatomical visual analytics for mapping of tissue-specific concentration and time-course data SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Physiologically-annotated data; Dosimetry; Visualization; Visual analytics; Anatomical; Physiological; Server-side application; Model animation; Concentration time-course; Disease progression timelines; Model rendering; PBPK; PBTK ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; MODEL; CYTOCHROME-P450; VISUALIZATION AB We describe the development and implementation of a Physiological and Anatomical Visual Analytics tool (PAVA), a web browser-based application, used to visualize experimental/simulated chemical time-course data (dosimetry), epidemiological data and Physiologically-Annotated Data (PAD). Using continuous color mapping scheme both spatial (organ shape and location) and temporal (time-course/kinetics) data was cast onto an abstract, layered, 2D visual representation of the human anatomy and physiology. This approach is aligned with the compartment-level of detail afforded by Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of chemical disposition. In this tutorial we provide several illustrative examples of how PAVA may be applied: (1) visualization of multiple organ/tissue simulated dosimetry of a previously published oral exposure route ethanol PBPK model, (2) visualization of PAD such as organ-specific disease time-lines or (3) tissue-specific mRNA expression-level profiles (e.g. phase I/II metabolic enzymes and nuclear receptors) to draw much needed molecular biological conclusions at organ-level resolution conducive to model development. Furthermore, discussion is raised on how graphical representations of PBPK models, and the use of PAVA more generally to visualize PAD, can be of benefit. We believe this novel platform-independent tool for visualizing PAD on physiologically-relevant representations of human anatomy will become a valuable visual analytic addition to the tool-kits of modern exposure scientists, computational biologists, toxicologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, epidemiologists and pathologists alike in visually translating, representing and mining complex PAD relationships required to understand systems biology or manage chemical risk. C1 [Goldsmith, Michael-Rock; Chang, Daniel T.; Tornero-Velez, Rogelio; Breen, Michael S.; Dary, Curtis C.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Transue, Thomas R.] Lockheed Martin Informat Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Goldsmith, MR (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Goldsmith.rocky@epa.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1567-567X J9 J PHARMACOKINET PHAR JI J. Pharmacokinet. Pharmacodyn. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 3 BP 277 EP 287 DI 10.1007/s10928-010-9160-6 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 614DB UT WOS:000279034400004 PM 20495853 ER PT J AU Jeyalingam, T Aghdassi, E Su, J Wither, J Clarke, A Cooper, G Rioux, J Fortin, PR AF Jeyalingam, Thurarshen Aghdassi, Ellie Su, Jiandong Wither, Joan Clarke, Ann Cooper, Glinda Rioux, John Fortin, Paul R. CA CaNIOS 1000 Faces Investigators TI Quality of Life of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Their Family Members SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the Canadian-Rheumatology-Association CY FEB 03-06, 2010 CL Quebec, CANADA SP Canadian Rheumatol Assoc C1 [Jeyalingam, Thurarshen; Su, Jiandong; Fortin, Paul R.; CaNIOS 1000 Faces Investigators] Toronto Western Hosp, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. [Aghdassi, Ellie; Wither, Joan] Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Clarke, Ann] McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Cooper, Glinda] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Rioux, John] Montreal Heart Inst, Montreal, PQ H1T 1C8, Canada. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 6 MA 46 BP 1289 EP 1290 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 616FO UT WOS:000279194600086 ER PT J AU Jones, SE Smith, AM Wheeler, LS McManus, T AF Jones, Sherry Everett Smith, Alisa M. Wheeler, Lani S. McManus, Tim TI School Policies and Practices That Improve Indoor Air Quality* SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE environmental health; child and adolescent health and health policy ID HEALTH POLICIES; PROGRAMS AB METHODS: This study analyzed school-level data from the 2006 School Health Policies and Programs Study, a national study of school health programs and policies at the state, district, and school levels. Using chi-square analyses, the rates of policies and practices that promote indoor air quality were compared between schools with and schools without a formal indoor air quality program. RESULTS: The findings of this study show that 51.4% of schools had a formal indoor air quality management program, and that those schools were significantly more likely than were schools without a program to have policies and use strategies to promote superior indoor air quality. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that schools with a formal indoor air quality program are more likely support policies and engage in practices that promote superior indoor air quality. C1 [Jones, Sherry Everett; McManus, Tim] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30041 USA. [Smith, Alisa M.; Wheeler, Lani S.] US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Indoor Environm Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Jones, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS K33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sce2@cdc.gov; smith.alisa@epa.gov; lswheeler@aap.net; TMcManus@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD JUN PY 2010 VL 80 IS 6 BP 280 EP 286 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 596UO UT WOS:000277711200003 ER PT J AU O'Leary, TJ Slutsky, JR Bernard, MA AF O'Leary, Timothy J. Slutsky, Jean R. Bernard, Marie A. TI Comparative Effectiveness Research Priorities at Federal Agencies: The View from the Department of Veterans Affairs, National Institute on Aging, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE patient outcomes; comparative effectiveness; research ID LIPID-LOWERING TREATMENT; ATTACK TRIAL ALLHAT; MAJOR OUTCOMES AB In the last year, attention has been focused on translating federally sponsored health research into better health for Americans. Since the passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) on February 17, 2009, ARRA funds to support Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) have increased this focus. A large proportion of topical areas of interest in CER affects the older segment of the population. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) have supported robust research portfolios focused on aging populations that meet the varying definitions of CER. This short article briefly describes the research missions of the AHRQ, NIA, and VA. The various definitions of CER as the Congressional Budget Office, the Institute of Medicine, and the ARRA-established Federal Coordinating Council have put forward, as well as important topics for which CER is particularly needed, are then reviewed. Finally, approaches in which the three agencies support CER involving the aging population are set forth and opportunities for future CER research outlined. J Am Geriatr Soc 58: 1187-1192, 2010. C1 [Bernard, Marie A.] NIA, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [O'Leary, Timothy J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Slutsky, Jean R.] Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Ctr Outcomes & Evidence, Rockville, MD USA. RP Bernard, MA (reprint author), NIA, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Bldg 31,5C-35,31 Ctr Dr,MSC 2292, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mbernard@nia.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 AG999999] NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1187 EP 1192 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02939.x PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 604WO UT WOS:000278309400025 PM 20936736 ER PT J AU Bryce, SA Lomnicky, GA Kaufmann, PR AF Bryce, Sandra A. Lomnicky, Gregg A. Kaufmann, Philip R. TI Protecting sediment-sensitive aquatic species in mountain streams through the application of biologically based streambed sediment criteria SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE sediment criteria; stream physical habitat; fine sediment; silt; sand; habitat quality; quantile regression; index of biotic integrity; IBI ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; UNITED-STATES; FINE-SEDIMENT; ELECTROFISHING EFFORT; WESTERN OREGON; REGRESSION QUANTILES; DEPOSITED SEDIMENT; HEADWATER STREAMS; FISH COMMUNITIES; INDICATOR VALUES AB We evaluated several lines of evidence to identify bedded fine sediment levels that should protect and maintain self-sustaining populations of native, sediment-sensitive aquatic species in the western US. To identify these potential criterion values for streambed sediments <= 0.06 mm (fines) and <= 2 mm (sand and fines) diameter, we examined: 1) the range of areal % fines and areal % sand and fines values at 169 least-disturbed reference sites in our sample, 2) sediment tolerance values calculated for a selection of sediment-sensitive aquatic vertebrate and macroinvertebrate taxa for both particle size ranges, 3) quantile regression predictions of the declines in vertebrate and macroinvertebrate Indices of Biotic Integrity (IBIs) at progressively higher ambient levels of streambed sediment from synoptic survey data acquired in 557 mountain stream sampling sites in 12 western states, 4) a literature review of the effects of sand and fines on the survival of salmonid eggs to hatching, and 5) a literature review of studies that quantitatively linked macroinvertebrate response to the pertinent size ranges of streambed sediment in mountain streams. Predicted maximum vertebrate Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) declined 4.4 points (SE = 1.0) and macroinvertebrate IBI declined 4.0 points (SE = 0.60) for each 10% increase in % fines. Similarly, for each 10% increase in % sand and fines, the predicted maximum vertebrate IBI decreased 3.7 points (SE = 0.50) and macroinvertebrate IBI decreased 3.0 points (SE = 0.50). Combining all lines of evidence, we concluded that for sediment-sensitive aquatic vertebrates, minimum-effect sediment levels were 5% and 13% for % fines and % sand and fines, respectively, both expressed as areal percentages of the wetted streambed surface. For aquatic macroinvertebrates, minimum-effect levels for the 2 sediment size classes were 3% and 10%, respectively. We encourage managers to consider these biologically based minimum-effect values when developing sediment criteria for mountain streams. Quantifying and comparing both vertebrate and macroinvertebrate assemblage responses to streambed sedimentation informs the criteria-setting process and allows managers to set stream restoration priorities. C1 [Bryce, Sandra A.; Lomnicky, Gregg A.] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Kaufmann, Philip R.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Bryce, SA (reprint author), Dynamac Corp, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM bryce.sandy@epa.gov; lomnicky.gregg@epa.gov; kaufmann.phil@epa.gov FU US EPA [EP-D-06-013] FX We thank the US EPA's EMAP, including its tribal, state, and federal agency collaborators, for survey data, and Paul Ringold, Project Officer, for his support of this research. We are also grateful to John Van Sickle for statistical advice. Revisions suggested by Chris Mebane and Bob Ozretich improved the manuscript, as did the comments provided by the associate editor and 2 anonymous reviewers. The research in this article was funded wholly or in part by the US EPA through contract EP-D-06-013 to Dynamac Corporation. This document was prepared at the EPA NHEERL, Western Ecology Division, in Corvallis, Oregon. It has been subjected to peer and administrative review and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views or policy of the Agency. NR 76 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 28 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 29 IS 2 BP 657 EP 672 DI 10.1899/09-061.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 593PT UT WOS:000277472300022 ER PT J AU Fritz, KM Fulton, S Johnson, BR Barton, CD Jack, JD Word, DA Burke, RA AF Fritz, Ken M. Fulton, Stephanie Johnson, Brent R. Barton, Chris D. Jack, Jeff D. Word, David A. Burke, Roger A. TI Structural and functional characteristics of natural and constructed channels draining a reclaimed mountaintop removal and valley fill coal mine SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE mountaintop removal; valley fill; coal mining; litter breakdown; organic matter processing; hydrologic permanence; reclaimed mine; rapid functional methods; stream assessment; mitigation ID SOUTHERN WEST-VIRGINIA; LEAF-LITTER BREAKDOWN; HEADWATER STREAMS; EASTERN KENTUCKY; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ZEALAND; LAND-USE; DRAINAGE; FOREST; USA AB Mountaintop removal and valley fill (MTR/VF) coal mining has altered the landscape of the Central Appalachian region in the USA. Among the changes are large-scale topographic recontouring, burial of headwater streams, and degradation of downstream water quality. The goals of our study were to: 1) compare the structure and function of natural and constructed stream channels in forested and MTR/VF catchments across ephemeral, intermittent, and perennial flow regimes and 2) assess the relationship between leaf litter breakdown and structural measures, such as the habitat assessments currently used by regulatory agencies. Specific conductance of stream water was, on average, 36 to 57x higher at perennial reaches below valley fills than at perennial reaches in forested catchments, whereas pH was circumneutral in both catchment types. Channel habitat and invertebrate assemblages in litter bags differed between forested streams and constructed channels in VF catchments. Invertebrate density, diversity, and biomass were typically higher in litter bags from forested catchments than from VF catchments. No differences in fungal biomass, estimated as ergosterol concentration, were detected between litter bags from forested and VF catchments. Breakdown of oak (Quercus alba) leaves was slower at perennial and intermittent reaches in VF catchments than at perennial and intermittent reaches in forested catchments. However, breakdown rates did not differ between ephemeral reaches on VFs and in forested catchments. Breakdown rates of oak leaves were significantly correlated to conductivity at perennial and intermittent reaches and to shredder diversity across all reaches, but were not correlated with habitat assessment scores currently being used to determine compensatory mitigation. Landuse changes associated with MTR/VF have detrimental consequences to headwater stream function that are not adequately evaluated using the prevalent habitat assessment. C1 [Fritz, Ken M.; Johnson, Brent R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Fulton, Stephanie] US EPA, Watershed Protect Div, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Barton, Chris D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Jack, Jeff D.; Word, David A.] Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Burke, Roger A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Fritz, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM fritz.ken@epa.gov; fulton.stephanie@epa.gov; johnson.brent@epa.gov; barton@uky.edu; daword@gmail.com; burke.roger@epa.gov RI Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013 NR 72 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 38 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 29 IS 2 BP 673 EP 689 DI 10.1899/09-060.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 593PT UT WOS:000277472300023 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Sangani, RG Brighton, LE Carson, JL AF Ghio, Andrew J. Sangani, Rahul G. Brighton, Luisa E. Carson, John L. TI MRT Letter: Auto-Fluorescence by Human Alveolar Macrophages After In Vitro Exposure to Air Pollution Particles SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Article DE particulate matter; air pollution; alveolar macrophages; human ID CIGARETTE SMOKERS; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; AUTOFLUORESCENCE; NONSMOKERS; LUNG; MORPHOLOGY; SMOKING; INVITRO AB Macrophages from smokers demonstrate an increased auto-fluorescence. Similarly, auto-fluorescence follows in vitro exposure of macrophages to cigarette smoke condensate (i.e., the particulate fraction of cigarette smoke). The composition of particles in cigarette smoke can be comparable to air pollution particles. We tested the postulate that macrophages exposed to air pollution particles could demonstrate auto-fluorescence. Healthy nonsmoking and healthy smoking volunteers (both 18-40 years of age) underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and alveolar macrophages isolated. Macrophages were incubated at 37 degrees C in 5% CO(2) with either PBS or 100 mu g/mL particle for both 1 and 24 h. Particles included a residual oil fly ash, Mt. St. Helens volcanic ash, and ambient air particles collected from St. Louis, Miss ouri and Salt Lake City, Utah. At the end of incubation, 50 mu L of the cell suspension was cytocentrifuged and examined at modes for viewing fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and rhodamine fluorescence. Both emission source air pollution particles demonstrated FITC and rhodamine auto-fluorescence at 1 and 24 h, but the signal following incubation of the macrophages with oil fly ash appeared greater. Similarly, the ambient particles were associated with auto-fluorescence by the alveolar macrophages and this appeared to be dose-dependent. We conclude that exposure of macrophages to air pollution particles can be associated with auto-fluorescence in the FITC and rhodamine modes. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:579-582, 2010. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Ghio, Andrew J.; Sangani, Rahul G.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brighton, Luisa E.; Carson, John L.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), Human Studies Facil, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1059-910X J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 73 IS 6 BP 579 EP 582 DI 10.1002/jemt.20804 PG 4 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA 609FM UT WOS:000278641200001 PM 19941295 ER PT J AU Whirledge, S Cidlowski, JA AF Whirledge, S. Cidlowski, J. A. TI Glucocorticoids, stress, and fertility SO MINERVA ENDOCRINOLOGICA LA English DT Review DE Glucocorticoids; Hypothalamus; Pituitary gland; Ovary; Uterus ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; RAT LEYDIG-CELLS; PITUITARY-ADRENAL-FUNCTION; SURFACE EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GRANULOSA-LUTEIN CELLS; 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; PRENATAL STRESS; GONADOTROPIN-SECRETION; MESSENGER-RNA AB Modifications of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and associated changes in circulating levels of glucocorticoids form a key component of the response of an organism to stressful challenges. Increased levels of glucocorticoids promote gluconeogenesis, mobilization of amino acids, and stimulation of fat breakdown to maintain circulating levels of glucose necessary to mount a stress response. In addition to profound changes in the physiology and function of multiple tissues, stress and elevated glucocorticoids can also inhibit reproduction, a logical effect for the survival of self. Precise levels of glucocorticoids are required for proper gonadal function; where the balance is disrupted, so is fertility. Glucocorticoids affect gonadal function at multiple levels in hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis: 1) the hypothalamus (to decrease the synthesis and release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH]; 2) the pituitary gland (to inhibit the synthesis and release of luteinizing hormone [LH] and follicle stimulating hormone [FSH]); 3) the testis/ovary (to modulate steroidogenesis and/or gametogenesis directly). Furthermore, maternal exposure to prenatal stress or exogenous glucocorticoids can lead to permanent modification of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function and stress-related behaviors in offspring. Glucocorticoids are vital to many aspects of normal brain development, but fetal exposure to superabundant glucocorticoids can result in life-long effects on neuroendocrine function. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms believed to mediate glucocorticoid inhibition of reproductive functions and the anatomical sites at which these effects take place. C1 [Whirledge, S.; Cidlowski, J. A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Durham, NC USA. RP Cidlowski, JA (reprint author), NIEHS, NIH, MD F3-07,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cidlows1@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Robert Oakley for discussion and assistance with manuscript preparation. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 105 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 25 PU EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA PI TURIN PA CORSO BRAMANTE 83-85 INT JOURNALS DEPT., 10126 TURIN, ITALY SN 0391-1977 J9 MINERVA ENDOCRINOL JI Minerva Endocrinol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 35 IS 2 BP 109 EP 125 PG 17 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 626YN UT WOS:000280004600007 PM 20595939 ER PT J AU Zhang, D Hu, XM Qian, L O'Callaghan, JP Hong, JS AF Zhang, Dan Hu, Xiaoming Qian, Li O'Callaghan, James P. Hong, Jau-Shyong TI Astrogliosis in CNS Pathologies: Is There A Role for Microglia? SO MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Astrocyte; GFAP; Astrogliosis; Microglia; Cytokine ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; FACTOR-ALPHA; REACTIVE ASTROGLIOSIS; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR AB Astrogliosis, a cellular reaction with specific structural and functional characteristics, represents a remarkably homotypic response of astrocytes to all kinds of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. Astrocytes play diverse functions in the brain, both harmful and beneficial. Mounting evidence indicates that astrogliosis is an underlying component of a diverse range of diseases and associated neuropathologies. The mechanisms that lead to astrogliosis are not fully understood, nevertheless, damaged neurons have long been reported to induce astrogliosis and astrogliosis has been used as an index for underlying neuronal damage. As the predominant source of proinflammatory factors in the CNS, microglia are readily activated under certain pathological conditions. An increasing body of evidence suggests that release of cytokines and other soluble products by activated microglia can significantly influence the subsequent development of astrogliosis and scar formation in CNS. It is well known that damaged neurons activate microglia very quickly, therefore, it is possible that activated microglia contribute factors/mediators through which damaged neuron induce astrogliosis. The hypothesis that activated microglia initiate and maintain astrogliosis suggests that suppression of microglial overactivation might effectively attenuate reactive astrogliosis. Development of targeted anti-microglial activation therapies might slow or halt the progression of astrogliosis and, therefore, help achieve a more beneficial environment in various CNS pathologies. C1 [Zhang, Dan; Hu, Xiaoming; Qian, Li; Hong, Jau-Shyong] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hu, Xiaoming] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Hu, Xiaoming] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh Inst Neurodegenerat Dis, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Qian, Li] Univ N Carolina, Comprehens Ctr Inflammatory Disorders, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [O'Callaghan, James P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Zhang, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM zhangd2@niehs.nih.gov RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES090082-12, ZIA ES090082-13] NR 109 TC 116 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 14 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0893-7648 J9 MOL NEUROBIOL JI Mol. Neurobiol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 41 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 232 EP 241 DI 10.1007/s12035-010-8098-4 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 601WI UT WOS:000278095800018 PM 20148316 ER PT J AU Olshan, AF Luben, TJ Hanley, NM Perreault, SD Chan, RL Herring, AH Basta, PV DeMarini, DM AF Olshan, Andrew F. Luben, Thomas J. Hanley, Nancy M. Perreault, Sally D. Chan, Ronna L. Herring, Amy H. Basta, Patricia V. DeMarini, David M. TI Preliminary examination of polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTZ1 in relation to semen quality SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; Human; Male; Reproduction; Semen; Sperm count; Genetic; Polymorphism; Glutathione-S-transferase ID GLUTATHIONE-TRANSFERASE-ZETA; ENVIRONMENTAL DDT EXPOSURE; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; AIR-POLLUTION; GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; S-TRANSFERASES; BREAST-CANCER; HUMAN SPERM; DNA-DAMAGE AB Background. Environmental, lifestyle, and occupational exposures on semen quality have been investigated in epidemiological studies with inconsistent results Genetic factors involved in toxicant activation and detoxification have been examined in relation to the risk of outcomes such as cancer, cardiovascular, and neurologic disorders. However, the effect of common genetic variants in the metabolism of toxicants on semen quality parameters has rarely been evaluated. In this analysis, we evaluated functional SNPs of three genes of the glutathione-S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTZ1) enzyme family Methods: Participants were 228 presumed fertile men recruited as part of a community-based study Semen outcome data from this study included total sperm count and concentration, sperm morphology, and sperm DNA integrity and chromatin maturity DNA was obtained from 162 men from a mouth-rinse sample and genotyped for the presence of GSTT1-1 and GSTM1-1 null genotypes and the GSTZ1 SNPs at positions 94 (rs3177427) and 124 (rs3177429). We used multivariable linear regression to assess the relationship between each genotype and sperm outcomes Results. Overall, our results did not reveal a consistent pattern between GSTM1 and GSTZ genotypes and increased occurrence of adverse sperm outcomes However, the GSTT1 non-null genotype yielded the coefficients with the largest magnitude for sperm count and sperm concentration (beta = -0 528, 95% CI -1 238 to 0 199 and beta = -0 353,95% CI -0.708 to 0.001. respectively), suggesting that it might be adverse Conclusions These results indicate that common polymorphisms in GST genes do not negatively impact sperm parameters in healthy men with good semen quality Contrary to expectations, the GSTT1 non-null genotype was associated with reduced sperm concentration and count in semen Further study with a larger study size and inclusion of gene-exposure interactions is warranted (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Olshan, Andrew F.; Luben, Thomas J.; Chan, Ronna L.; Basta, Patricia V.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Herring, Amy H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Perreault, Sally D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hanley, Nancy M.; DeMarini, David M.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Olshan, AF (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, CB 7435,2101B McGavran Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU US Environmental Protection Agency [R-82932701]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES10126, T32ES007018]; American Water Works Association Research Foundation [CR825625-01, CR827268-01, CR828216-01] FX We wish to acknowledge J. Smith and Y. Shen for programming and statistical contributions to this project. We also gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Lyle Lansdell with the study conduct. This research was supported in part by grants from the US Environmental Protection Agency (R-82932701), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30ES10126, T32ES007018), and American Water Works Association Research Foundation (CR825625-01, CR827268-01, CR828216-01). NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 688 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.03.002 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 609BX UT WOS:000278631100007 PM 20214911 ER PT J AU Harrill, JA Freudenrich, TM Machacek, DW Stice, SL Mundy, WR AF Harrill, Joshua A. Freudenrich, Theresa M. Machacek, Dave W. Stice, Steven L. Mundy, William R. TI Quantitative assessment of neurite outgrowth in human embryonic stem cell-derived hN2 (TM) cells using automated high-content image analysis SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neurite outgrowth; High-content analysis; Human embryonic stem cell-derived neural culture ID CULTURED HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3; FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR; PC12 CELLS; IN-VITRO; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; DENDRITIC GROWTH; NESTIN EXPRESSION; BETA-CATENIN AB Throughout development neurons undergo a number of morphological changes including neurite outgrowth from the cell body. Exposure to neurotoxic chemicals that interfere with this process may result in permanent deficits in nervous system function. Traditionally, rodent primary neural cultures and immortalized human and non-human clonal cell lines have been used to investigate the molecular mechanisms controlling neurite outgrowth and examine chemical effects on this process. The present study characterizes the molecular phenotype of hN2 (TM) human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neural cells and uses automated high-content image analysis to measure neurite outgrowth in vitro. At 24 h post-plating hN2 (TM) cells express a number of protein markers indicative of a neuronal phenotype, including: nestin. beta(III)-tubulin, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and phosphorylated neurofilaments. Neurite outgrowth in hN2 (TM) cells proceeded rapidly, with a majority of cells extending one to three neurites by 48 h in culture. In addition, concentration-dependent decreases in neurite outgrowth and ATP-content were observed following treatment of hN2 (TM) cells with either bisindolylmaleimide I, U0126, lithium chloride, sodium orthovanadate and brefeldin A, all of which have previously been shown to inhibit neurite outgrowth in primary rodent neural cultures. Overall, the molecular phenotype, rate of neurite outgrowth and sensitivity of hN2 (TM) cells to neurite outgrowth inhibitors were comparable to other in vitro models previously characterized in the literature. hN2 (TM) cells provide a model in which to investigate chemical effects on neurite outgrowth in a non-transformed human-derived cells and provide an alternative to the use of primary rodent neural cultures or immortalized clonal cell lines. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Harrill, Joshua A.; Freudenrich, Theresa M.; Mundy, William R.] US EPA, Syst Biol Branch, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Machacek, Dave W.; Stice, Steven L.] ArunA Biomed, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Stice, Steven L.] Univ Georgia, Regenerat Biosci Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mundy, WR (reprint author), US EPA, Syst Biol Branch, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mundy.william@epa.gov NR 80 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 BP 277 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2010.02.003 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 600EE UT WOS:000277966600004 PM 20188755 ER PT J AU Rossi, L AF Rossi, L. TI EPA approaches for evaluating antibiotic uses in the context of FIFRA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 07-11, 2010 CL Charlotte, NC SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Rossi, L.] US EPA, Crystal City, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2010 VL 100 IS 6 SU S BP S166 EP S166 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 822JU UT WOS:000295042001106 ER PT J AU Lee, C Teng, Q Huang, WL Zhong, RQ Ye, ZH AF Lee, Chanhui Teng, Quincy Huang, Wenlin Zhong, Ruiqin Ye, Zheng-Hua TI The Arabidopsis Family GT43 Glycosyltransferases Form Two Functionally Nonredundant Groups Essential for the Elongation of Glucuronoxylan Backbone SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY WALL SYNTHESIS; REDUCING END-GROUPS; BIOSYNTHESIS; XYLAN; CELLULOSE; SYNTHASE; POPLAR; MUTANT; GENES; XYLOSYLTRANSFERASE AB There exist four members of family GT43 glycosyltransferases in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome, and mutations of two of them, IRX9 and IRX14, have previously been shown to cause a defect in glucuronoxylan (GX) biosynthesis. However, it is currently unknown whether IRX9 and IRX14 perform the same biochemical function and whether the other two GT43 members are also involved in GX biosynthesis. In this report, we performed comprehensive genetic analysis of the functional roles of the four Arabidopsis GT43 members in GX biosynthesis. The I9H (IRX9 homolog) and I14H (IRX14 homolog) genes were shown to be specifically expressed in cells undergoing secondary wall thickening, and their encoded proteins were targeted to the Golgi, where GX is synthesized. Overexpression of I9H but not IRX14 or I14H rescued the GX defects conferred by the irx9 mutation, whereas overexpression of I14H but not IRX9 or I9H complemented the GX defects caused by the irx14 mutation. Double mutant analyses revealed that I9H functioned redundantly with IRX9 and that I14H was redundant with IRX14 in their functions. In addition, double mutations of IRX9 and IRX14 were shown to cause a loss of secondary wall thickening in fibers and a much more severe reduction in GX amount than their single mutants. Together, these results provide genetic evidence demonstrating that all four Arabidopsis GT43 members are involved in GX biosynthesis and suggest that they form two functionally nonredundant groups essential for the normal elongation of GX backbone. C1 [Lee, Chanhui; Zhong, Ruiqin; Ye, Zheng-Hua] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Teng, Quincy; Huang, Wenlin] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ye, ZH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM zhye@plantbio.uga.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy-Bioscience Division [DE-FG02-03ER15415]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Office of Research and Development and Office of Science Council Policy) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy-Bioscience Division (grant no. DE-FG02-03ER15415 to Z.-H.Y.) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Office of Research and Development and Office of Science Council Policy to Q. T.). NR 50 TC 57 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 153 IS 2 BP 526 EP 541 DI 10.1104/pp.110.155309 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 605IC UT WOS:000278340200017 PM 20335400 ER PT J AU Chen, L Bi, JJ Nakai, M Bunick, D Couse, JF Korach, KS Nowak, RA AF Chen, Li Bi, Jiajia Nakai, Masaaki Bunick, David Couse, John F. Korach, Kenneth S. Nowak, Romana A. TI Expression of basigin in reproductive tissues of estrogen receptor-alpha or -beta null mice SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE INDUCER; ADULT MALE-MOUSE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN SUPERFAMILY; EFFERENT DUCTULES; CYCLOPHILIN-A; CELLS; GENE; MEMBER; LACKING; CD147 AB Basigin plays important roles in both male and female reproduction because basigin (Bsg) null male and female mice are infertile. The aim of the present study was to determine whether basigin expression in reproductive organs requires estrogen receptor-alpha (ESR1, ER alpha) or -beta (ESR2, ER beta). Expression of basigin protein in the testis, ovary, and male and female reproductive tracts was studied in adult wild-type (WT), Esr1-null (alpha ERKO), and Esr2-null (beta ERKO) mice by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Basigin mRNA levels in ovary and uterus were examined by quantitative RT-PCR. In females, basigin protein expression was observed mainly in granulosa and interstitial cells of the ovary and epithelial cells of the proximal oviduct in all genotypes. Basigin protein was also expressed in the uterine epithelium at proestrus and estrus in WT and beta ERKO mice but not in alpha ERKO mice. However, a higher level of basigin mRNA was observed in uteri of alpha ERKO mice compared with WT and beta ERKO mice. In males, basigin was expressed in Leydig cells and all germ cells except spermatogonia in all genotypes. Basigin was present in epithelial cells lining the efferent ductules in WT and beta ERKO mice, but expression was greatly reduced in alpha ERKO mice. In epididymal ducts, basigin expression was observed in epithelial cells in the caput and cauda in all genotypes. These data suggest that expression of basigin protein requires ESR1, but not ESR2, in the uterus and efferent ductules, but is independent of estrogen receptor in the ovary, oviduct, testis, and epididymis. Reproduction (2010) 139 1057-1066 C1 [Chen, Li; Bi, Jiajia; Nakai, Masaaki; Nowak, Romana A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bunick, David] Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Couse, John F.; Korach, Kenneth S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Nowak, RA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, 328 Mumford Hall, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ranowak@uiuc.edu OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X FU Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD/NIH [U54 HD40093] FX This research was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD/NIH through cooperative agreement (U54 HD40093) as part of the Specialized Cooperative Centers Program in Reproduction and Infertility Research. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD JUN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1057 EP 1066 DI 10.1530/REP-10-0069 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 597SK UT WOS:000277781400013 PM 20388736 ER PT J AU Godin, SJ DeVito, MJ Hughes, MF Ross, DG Scollon, EJ Starr, JM Setzer, RW Conolly, RB Tornero-Velez, R AF Godin, Stephen J. DeVito, Michael J. Hughes, Michael F. Ross, David G. Scollon, Edward J. Starr, James M. Setzer, R. Woodrow Conolly, Rory B. Tornero-Velez, Rogelio TI Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Deltamethrin: Development of a Rat and Human Diffusion-Limited Model SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE deltamethrin; physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling; pyrethroids; bioavailability; extrapolation ID PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; MOTOR FUNCTION; METABOLISM; EXPOSURE; TOXICOKINETICS; NEUROTOXICITY; ESFENVALERATE; CYPERMETHRIN; POPULATION AB Mirfazaelian et al. developed a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for the pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin in the rat. This model describes gastrointestinal (GI) tract absorption as a saturable process mediated by phase III efflux transporters which pump deltamethrin out of the intestinal enterocytes into the GI tract lumen, resulting in minimal net absorption at low concentrations and increasing absorption at higher concentrations. In the present study, the dose dependency in absorption of deltamethrin was examined in male Long Evans rats using po exposures predicted by the Mirfazaelian model to yield different po bioavailability values. No difference in the bioavailability from single po doses of 0.3 and 3.0 mg/kg deltamethrin was observed. Based on this finding, the Mirfazaelian PBPK model was modified to exclude a saturable absorption process. Other changes to the Mirfazaelian model included describing all tissue compartments with diffusion-limited kinetics and a single blood compartment. These changes improved model predictions of deltamethrin tissue concentration data from the present study and the literature. The rat model was then scaled to humans. The model predicted a twofold greater peak deltamethrin brain concentration and threefold greater area under the curve (AUC(0-48 h)) for humans following an po exposure of 1 mg/kg. Based on this model, humans would have greater distribution of deltamethrin to the brain for the same administered po dose compared to rats. The relative sensitivity to deltamethrin between rats and humans depends on both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences. Species differences in the pharmacodynamic responses to deltamethrin between rats and humans remain uncharacterized. C1 [Godin, Stephen J.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [DeVito, Michael J.; Hughes, Michael F.; Ross, David G.; Scollon, Edward J.] Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Starr, James M.; Tornero-Velez, Rogelio] Burroughs Wellcome Co, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Setzer, R. Woodrow; Conolly, Rory B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP DeVito, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Toxicol Branch, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM devitom@niehs.nih.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; NHEEERL-DESE [EPA CT826513] FX FUNDING; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; NHEEERL-DESE (EPA CT826513 to S.J.G.). NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 115 IS 2 BP 330 EP 343 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq051 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 600OR UT WOS:000277997100004 PM 20200215 ER PT J AU Kim, KB Anand, SS Kim, HJ White, CA Fisher, JW Tornero-Velez, R Bruckner, JV AF Kim, Kyu-Bong Anand, Sathanandam S. Kim, Hyo J. White, Catherine A. Fisher, Jeffrey W. Tornero-Velez, Rogelio Bruckner, James V. TI Age, Dose, and Time-Dependency of Plasma and Tissue Distribution of Deltamethrin in Immature Rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE pyrethroid; deltamethrin; toxicokinetics; metabolic inactivation; children's risk assessment; neurotoxicity ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; CARE-CENTERS; IN-VITRO; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; NEUROTOXICITY; METABOLISM; PESTICIDES; URBAN AB The major objective of this project was to characterize the systemic disposition of the pyrethroid, deltamethrin (DLT), in immature rats, with emphasis on the age dependence of target organ (brain) dosimetry. Postnatal day (PND) 10, 21, and 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats received 0.4, 2, or 10 mg DLT/kg by gavage in glycerol formal. Serial plasma, brain, fat, liver, and skeletal muscle samples were collected for up to 510 h and analyzed for DLT and/or 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA) content by high-performance liquid chromatography. Toxicokinetic data from previous experiments of the same design with young adult (PND 90) rats (Kim, K.-B., Anand, S. S., Kim, H. J., White, C. A., and Bruckner, J. V. [2008]. Toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of deltamethrin in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol. Sci. 101, 197-205) were used to compare to immature rat data. Plasma and tissue DLT levels were inversely related to age. Preweanlings and weanlings showed markedly elevated brain concentrations and pronounced salivation, tremors, choreoathetosis, and eventual fatalities. Plasma DLT levels did not reliably reflect brain levels over time. Plasma:brain ratios were time and dose dependent, but apparently not age dependent. Brain levels were better correlated with the magnitude of salivation and tremors than plasma levels. Hepatic intrinsic clearance of DLT progressively increased during maturation, as did the hepatic extraction ratio. Thus, limited capacity to metabolically inactivate DLT appeared primarily responsible for the inordinately high target organ doses and acute neurotoxicity in pups and weanling rats. Hepatic blood flow was not rate limiting in any age group. Limited DLT hydrolysis was manifest in vivo in the pups by relatively low plasma PBA levels. Elevated exposure of the immature brain to a pyrethroid may prove to be of consequence for long-term, as well as short-term neurotoxicity. C1 [Kim, Hyo J.; White, Catherine A.; Bruckner, James V.] Univ Georgia, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kim, Kyu-Bong] Inje Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Engn, Gimhae 621749, Gyongam, South Korea. [Anand, Sathanandam S.] Dupont Haskell Global Ctr Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19714 USA. [Fisher, Jeffrey W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Coll Publ Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Tornero-Velez, Rogelio] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bruckner, JV (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM bruckner@rx.uga.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R830800] FX U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (STAR grant R830800). NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 115 IS 2 BP 354 EP 368 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq074 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 600OR UT WOS:000277997100006 PM 20211939 ER PT J AU Gray, LE Ryan, B Hotchkiss, AK Crofton, KM AF Gray, Leon E., Jr. Ryan, Bryce Hotchkiss, Andrew K. Crofton, Kevin M. TI Rebuttal of "Flawed Experimental Design Reveals the Need for Guidelines Requiring Appropriate Positive Controls in Endocrine Disruption Research" by vom Saal SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Letter ID 2-GENERATION REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; WIDESPREAD SEXUAL DISRUPTION; XENOESTROGEN BISPHENOL-A; DAILY SPERM PRODUCTION; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; BROWN-NORWAY RAT; CD-1 SWISS MICE; ETHINYL ESTRADIOL; MOLECULAR MECHANISMS C1 [Gray, Leon E., Jr.; Hotchkiss, Andrew K.; Crofton, Kevin M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ryan, Bryce] Univ Redlands, Dept Biol, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM emgray@mindspring.com NR 81 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 115 IS 2 BP 614 EP 620 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq073 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 600OR UT WOS:000277997100034 ER PT J AU Carleton, JN Montas, HJ AF Carleton, James N. Montas, Hubert J. TI An analysis of performance models for free water surface wetlands SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bicontinuum; CSTR; DND; FWS models; Relaxed TIS; Short-circuiting ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; ORLANDO EASTERLY WETLAND; TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENT; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL; WASTE-WATER; RESIDENCE TIME; FLOW VELOCITY; DENITRIFICATION; TRANSPORT AB Although treatment wetlands are intended to attenuate pollutants, reliably predicting their performance remains a challenge because removal processes are often complex, spatially heterogeneous, and incompletely understood. Although initially popular for characterizing wetland performance, plug flow reactor models are problematic because their parameters exhibit correlation with hydraulic loading. One-dimensional advective-dispersive-reactive models may also be inadequate when longitudinal dispersion is non-Fickian as a result of pronounced transverse gradients in velocity (preferential flow). Models that make use of residence time distributions have shown promise in improving wetland performance characterization, however their applicability may be limited by certain inherent assumptions, e.g. that transverse mixing is nil. A recently-developed bicontinuum (mobile mobile) model that addresses some of these weaknesses may hold promise for improving wetland performance modeling, however this model has yet to be tested against real-world wetland data. This paper examines the state of the science of free water surface wetland hydrodynamics and transport modeling, discusses the strengths and weaknesses of various steady state models, and compares them to each other in terms of each model's ability to represent data sets from monitored wetlands. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Carleton, James N.] US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Montas, Hubert J.] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Carleton, JN (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Mail Code 4305T,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM carleton.jim@epa.gov FU National Science Foundation [0134424] FX We are grateful to Drs. Kaye Brubaker, Dave Tilley, Adel Shirmohammadi, and Court Stevenson for their helpful feedback and suggestions. The second author acknowledges National Science Foundation support under Grant No. 0134424. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors alone, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the National Science Foundation, or the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 44 IS 12 BP 3595 EP 3606 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2010.04.008 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 618UZ UT WOS:000279382500006 PM 20447673 ER PT J AU Abdollahi-Nasab, A Boufadel, MC Li, HL Weaver, JW AF Abdollahi-Nasab, Ali Boufadel, Michel C. Li, Hailong Weaver, James W. TI Saltwater flushing by freshwater in a laboratory beach SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Density effect; Freshwater/saltwater interface; Saltwater flushing by freshwater; Laboratory beach; MARUN numerical model ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW MODELS; COASTAL OCEAN; HENRY PROBLEM; AQUIFERS; WORTHINESS; INTRUSION; EQUATION; INPUTS AB Experiments were conducted to investigate the flushing of saltwater out of a laboratory aquifer (or beach) by freshwater propagating seaward. After a steady state distribution was achieved with a seaward hydraulic gradient, freshwater was introduced while keeping the total head constant at each boundary. This caused the propagation of freshwater seaward. Two initial uniform concentrations were used: Case 1: 2.0 g/L (low salinity case) and Case 2: 34.0 g/L (high salinity case). The observed salinity and pressure data were closely reproduced using the MARUN (Boufadel et al. 1999a) numerical code. The results indicated that buoyancy plays an important role for Case 2 but is negligible for Case 1. The results also indicated that the flow in the offshore beach aquifer (submerged portion of beach) was negligible especially for Case 2. For this case, the pressure increased with time until reaching a peak and then decreased (i.e., humps were formed). This was not observed in the low salinity case. Investigations revealed that the increase in pressure is due to a combination of remnant high salinity and a rise in the water table at that location. Numerical investigations revealed that for the same difference in total head, the seaward flow of freshwater increases with a decrease in the seawater salinity. The increase, however, was nonlinear as a function of seawater density. For example, the discharge in the high salinity case was 20% lower than that in the low salinity case. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Li, Hailong] China Univ Geosci Beijing, Sch Water Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Abdollahi-Nasab, Ali; Boufadel, Michel C.; Li, Hailong] Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Weaver, James W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Li, HL (reprint author), China Univ Geosci Beijing, Sch Water Resources & Environm Sci, 29 Xue Yuan Rd, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM abdollahi@temple.edu; boufadel@temple.edu; hailongli@cugb.edu.cn; Weaver.Jim@epamail.epa.gov RI Li, Hailong/H-8484-2013 OI Li, Hailong/0000-0002-2894-0817 FU US Department of Environmental Protection; Exxon Valdez Trustee Council [070836]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40672167] FX Funding for this work was provided by the US Department of Environmental Protection and by the Exxon Valdez Trustee Council under Project Number 070836. However, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Council, and no official endorsement should be inferred. This research was also partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40672167). We are very grateful for the helpful review comments from the editor and two anonymous reviewers. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 28 PY 2010 VL 386 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.12.005 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 608IL UT WOS:000278577000001 ER PT J AU Podhorniak, LV Kamel, A Rains, DM AF Podhorniak, Lynda V. Kamel, Alaa Rains, Diane M. TI Determination of Formetanate Hydrochloride in Fruit Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Selective Detection or-Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Florida Pesticide Residue Workshop (FPRW 2009) CY 2009 CL St Pete Beach, FL DE Formetanate hydrochloride; QuEChERS; LC-MS; LC-MS/MS; fruit; sub parts per billion; pesticide residues ID FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; MULTIRESIDUE METHOD; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESIDUES; PRODUCE AB A rapid multiresidue method that captures residues of the insecticide formetanate hydrochloride (FHCI) in selected fruits is described. The method was used to provide residue data for dietary exposure determinations of FHCI. Using an acetonitrile extraction with a dispersive cleanup based on AOAC International method 2007.01, also known as QuEChERS, which was further modified and streamlined, thousands of samples were successfully analyzed for FHCI residues. FHCI levels were determined both by liquid chromatography single-stage mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The target limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) achieved for FHCI were 3.33 and 10 ng/g, respectively, with LC-MS and 0.1 and 0.3 ng/g, respectively, with LC-MS/MS. Recoveries at these previously unpublished levels ranged from 95 to 109%. A set of 20-40 samples can be prepared in one working day by two chemists. C1 [Podhorniak, Lynda V.; Kamel, Alaa; Rains, Diane M.] US EPA, Analyt Chem Branch, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. RP Podhorniak, LV (reprint author), US EPA, Analyt Chem Branch, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, 701 Mapes Rd, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 26 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 10 BP 5862 EP 5867 DI 10.1021/jf9038524 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 596YN UT WOS:000277721900002 PM 20394429 ER PT J AU Kamel, A AF Kamel, Alaa TI Refined Methodology for the Determination of Neon icotinoid Pesticides and Their Metabolites in Honey Bees and Bee Products by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Florida Pesticide Residue Workshop (FPRW 2009) CY 2009 CL St Pete Beach, FL DE Honey bee; bee pollen; bee honey; colony collapse disorder (CCD); pollinator decline; neonicotinoids; QuEChERS; LC-MS/MS ID APIS-MELLIFERA; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTOR; PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTOR; EXTRACTION; RESIDUES; THIAMETHOXAM; INSECTICIDES; TOXICITY; PLANTS AB An analytical method was refined for the extraction and determination of neonicotinoid pesticide residues and their metabolites in honey bees and bee products. Samples were extracted with 2% triethylamine (TEA) in acetonitrile (ACN) followed by salting out, solid phase extraction (SPE) cleanup, and detection using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method was validated in triplicate at three fortification concentrations in each matrix. Good recoveries were observed for most analytes and ranged between 70 and 120% with relative standard deviations between replicates of <20% in most cases. The method limits of detection were 0.2 ng/g for the parent neonicotinoid pesticides and ranged between 0.2 and 15 ng/g for the neonicotinoid metabolites. This refined method provides lower detection limits and improved recovery of neonicotinoids and their metabolites, which will help researchers evaluate subchronic effects of these pesticides, address data gaps related to colony collapse disorder (CCD), and determine the role of pesticides in pollinator decline. C1 US EPA, Analyt Chem Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. RP Kamel, A (reprint author), US EPA, Analyt Chem Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, 701 Mapes Rd, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM kamel.alaa@epa.gov NR 17 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 8 U2 95 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 26 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 10 BP 5926 EP 5931 DI 10.1021/jf904120n PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 596YN UT WOS:000277721900007 PM 20163114 ER PT J AU Mackenzie, B Shawki, A Ghio, AJ Stonehuerner, JD Zhao, L Ghadersohi, S Garrick, LM Garrick, MD AF Mackenzie, Bryan Shawki, Ali Ghio, Andrew J. Stonehuerner, Jacqueline D. Zhao, Lin Ghadersohi, Saied Garrick, Laura M. Garrick, Michael D. TI Calcium-channel blockers do not affect iron transport mediated by divalent metal-ion transporter-1 SO BLOOD LA English DT Letter ID NIFEDIPINE; ISOFORMS; PRODUCTS C1 [Mackenzie, Bryan; Shawki, Ali] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mol & Cellular Physiol, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.; Stonehuerner, Jacqueline D.] US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Zhao, Lin; Garrick, Laura M.; Garrick, Michael D.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biochem, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. [Ghadersohi, Saied] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biochem & Biomed Sci, Pharmacol & Toxicol Program, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. [Garrick, Laura M.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Med, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. [Garrick, Michael D.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Pediat, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. RP Mackenzie, B (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mol & Cellular Physiol, Coll Med, POB 670576, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM bryan.mackenzie@uc.edu; mgarrick@buffalo.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK059794, R01 DK080047] NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD MAY 20 PY 2010 VL 115 IS 20 BP 4148 EP 4149 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 599OS UT WOS:000277923600020 PM 20489062 ER PT J AU Gassara, F Brar, SK Tyagi, RD Verma, M Surampalli, RY AF Gassara, Fatma Brar, Satinder K. Tyagi, R. D. Verma, M. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Screening of agro-industrial wastes to produce ligninolytic enzymes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium SO BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Ligninolytic enzymes; Agro-industrial wastes; Inducers; Phanerochaete chrysosporium ID WHITE-ROT FUNGI; APPLE POMACE; TRAMETES-VERSICOLOR; PLEUROTUS-OSTREATUS; CANDIDA-UTILIS; LACCASE GENE; PEROXIDASE; SUBSTRATE; EXTRACTION; CULTURE AB Ligninolytic enzyme production by solid-state cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 was investigated by employing different agro-industrial wastes, such as fishery residues, brewery waste, apple waste (pomace) and pulp and paper industry sludge. Different enzyme inducers, such as veratryl alcohol, Tween-80 and CuSO(4) at concentrations of 2 mM, 0.5% (v/w) and 3 mmole/kg, respectively were also tested. Use of veratryl alcohol and Tween-80 resulted in maximum manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity of 17.36 +/- 0.5, 540.2 +/- 5.1, 631.25 +/- 14, and 507.5 +/- 26.87 U/gds (units/gram dry substrate), respectively, for different wastes. Maximum lignin peroxidase (UP) activity of 141.38 +/- 3.39 and 14.1 +/- 0.5 U/gds was attained with pomace and pulp and paper, respectively. Laccase activities were found to be insignificant for all wastes. Addition of Tween-80 and CuSO(4) resulted in highest values of MnP activity of 17.4 +/- 0.6, 291 +/- 2.8, 213.5 +/- 3, and 213.2 +/- 3.2 U/gds for fishery waste, brewery waste, pomace and pulp and paper industry sludge, respectively. Addition of CuSO(4) to the culture medium enhanced laccase activity. Maximum laccase activities of 738.97 +/- 9.2, 719.97 +/- 14.6, 308.8 +/- 12.1, and 94.44 +/- 1.2 U/gds were obtained for brewery waste, pomace, pulp and paper industry sludge and fishery waste, respectively. Brewery wastes and pomace served as excellent sources for the production of MnP, LiP and laccases. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gassara, Fatma; Brar, Satinder K.; Tyagi, R. D.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Verma, M.] Inst Rech & Dev Agroenvironm Inc, Quebec City, PQ G1P 3W8, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Brar, SK (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM satinder.brar@ete.inrs.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [355254]; FQRNT [ENC 125216]; MAPAQ [809051] FX The authors are sincerely thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grant 355254, Canada Research Chair), FQRNT (ENC 125216) and MAPAQ (No. 809051) for financial support. The views or opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors. NR 34 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1369-703X J9 BIOCHEM ENG J JI Biochem. Eng. J. PD MAY 15 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 3 BP 388 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.bej.2010.01.015 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 597SW UT WOS:000277782900012 ER PT J AU Leusch, FDL De Jager, C Levi, Y Lim, R Puijker, L Sacher, F Tremblay, LA Wilson, VS Chapman, HF AF Leusch, Frederic D. L. De Jager, Christiaan Levi, Yves Lim, Richard Puijker, Leo Sacher, Frank Tremblay, Louis A. Wilson, Vickie S. Chapman, Heather F. TI Comparison of Five in Vitro Bioassays to Measure Estrogenic Activity in Environmental Waters SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID E-SCREEN ASSAY; LUCIFERASE REPORTER; ANDROGENIC ACTIVITY; MUNICIPAL SEWAGE; PLANT EFFLUENTS; YEAST ASSAY; CELL-LINE; CHEMICALS; FISH; IDENTIFICATION AB Bioassays are well established in the pharmaceutical industry and single compound analysis, but there is still uncertainty about their usefulness in environmental monitoring. We compared the responses of five bioassays designed to measure estrogenic activity (the yeast estrogen screen, ER-CALUX, MELN, T47D-KBluc, and E-SCREEN assays) and chemical analysis on extracts from four different water sources (groundwater, raw sewage, treated sewage, and river water). All five bioassays displayed similar trends and there was good agreement with analytical chemistry results. The data from the ER-CALUX and E-SCREEN bioassays were robust and predictable, and well-correlated with predictions from chemical analysis. The T47D-KBluc appeared likewise promising, but with a more limited sample size it was less compelling. The YES assay was less sensitive than the other assays by an order of magnitude, which resulted in a larger number of nondetects. The MELN assay was less predictable, although the possibility that this was due to laboratory-specific difficulties cannot be discounted. With standardized bioassay data analysis and consistency of operating protocols, bioanalytical tools are a promising advance in the development of a tiered approach to environmental water quality monitoring. C1 [Leusch, Frederic D. L.; Lim, Richard] Global Water Res Coalit, London, England. [Leusch, Frederic D. L.; Chapman, Heather F.] Griffith Univ, Smart Water Res Ctr, Gold Coast, Australia. [De Jager, Christiaan] Univ Pretoria, Sch Hlth Syst & Publ Hlth, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Levi, Yves] Univ Paris 11, Fac Pharm, Paris, France. Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. [Puijker, Leo] KWR, Watercycle Res Inst, Nieuwegein, Netherlands. [Sacher, Frank] DVGW Technol Zentrum Wasser, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Tremblay, Louis A.] Landcare Res Ltd, Lincoln, New Zealand. [Wilson, Vickie S.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Leusch, FDL (reprint author), Global Water Res Coalit, London, England. EM f.leusch@griffith.edu.au RI Leusch, Frederic/A-2806-2011; Levi, Yves/E-4917-2010; Lim, Richard/A-1481-2011; OI Leusch, Frederic/0000-0002-6934-4587; Lim, Richard/0000-0002-4916-5688; Tremblay, Louis/0000-0002-3586-3995; Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 FU Global Water Research Coalition members Water Research Foundation; UK Water Industry Research; Water Environment Research Foundation; CRC for Water Quality and Treatment and Water Services Association of Australia FX This project was jointly funded by the Global Water Research Coalition members Water Research Foundation, UK Water Industry Research, Water Environment Research Foundation, CRC for Water Quality and Treatment and Water Services Association of Australia. We thank Natalie Aneck-Hahn, Kathy Bobseine, Chad Blystone, Anne Colville, Viviane Huteati, Benjamin Tan, Katherine Trought, and Catherine van Zijl for assistance in the laboratory and Frans Schulting, Margaret Stewart, Seth Kullman, Deb Lester, Elaine Francis, Djanette Khiari, Gordon Wheale, Issy Cafoor, Peter Donlon, and Maud Achard for editorial comments. NR 35 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 72 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 10 BP 3853 EP 3860 DI 10.1021/es903899d PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 593YP UT WOS:000277499500034 PM 20423077 ER PT J AU Masih, J Masih, A Kulshrestha, A Singhvi, R Taneja, A AF Masih, Jamson Masih, Amit Kulshrestha, Aditi Singhvi, Raj Taneja, Ajay TI Characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor and outdoor atmosphere in the North central part of India SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE PAHs; Indoor/outdoor correlation; Indoor air quality ID FINE ORGANIC AEROSOL; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; URBAN ATMOSPHERE; AMBIENT AIR; PAH SOURCE; COMBUSTION; PARTICULATE; EMISSIONS; EXPOSURE; POLLUTION AB Twenty-three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured simultaneously in indoor and outdoor environment of ten homes at urban and roadside sites in the north central part of India during winter season (November 2006 to February 2007). The average concentration of total PAH (TPAH) was 1946.84 ng/m(3) in kitchen, 1666.78 ng/m(3) in living room and 1212.57 ng/m(3) in outdoors at urban site, whereas at roadside site it was 2824.87 ng/m(3), 2161.26 ng/m(3), and 3294.28 ng/m(3) in kitchen, living room and outdoors respectively. The two, three and four ring PAHs were predominant in vapour phase, while the five, six ring PAHs were primarily associated with the particulate phase. The concentration trends of the PAHs in present study were naphthalene > 2-methylnaphthalene > 1-methylnaphthalene > biphenyl > acenaphthylene in indoor and outdoor environment of both the sites. The spatial trend of total PAHs concentrations in the house located at urban sites, was kitchen > living room > outdoors whereas at roadside site, the trend was outdoors > kitchen > living room. Correlation analysis has been used to identify the sources of PAHs. The correlation between CO(2) and ratio of living room/outdoors (L/O) and kitchen/outdoor (K/O) of total PAHs concentration for two sites was found to be significant. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Masih, Jamson; Masih, Amit; Kulshrestha, Aditi; Taneja, Ajay] Dr BR Ambedkar Univ, Dept Chem, St Johns Coll, Sch Chem Sci, Agra 282005, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Singhvi, Raj] US EPA, Environm Response Team, Edison, NJ USA. RP Taneja, A (reprint author), Dr BR Ambedkar Univ, Dept Chem, St Johns Coll, Sch Chem Sci, Agra 282005, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM jamsonmasihmd@yahoo.co.in; ataneja5@hotmail.com FU University grant Commission (UGC) [34-375/2008] FX Financial support is duly acknowledged of University grant Commission (UGC) sponsored project No. 34-375/2008 (SR). We thank Dr. F.M. Prasad (Principal), and Dr. Ashok Kumar (Head, Department of Chemistry), St. John's College, Agra for providing us the necessary facilities. We are also grateful to V. Kansal, D. Killeen, Lockheed Martin, J. Sorok of Response Engineering and Analytical Contract (REAC), Environment Protection Agency (EPA) and Environmental Response Team (ERT) for analyzing our samples. Authors are also grateful to Dr. S.P. Singh, (Associate Professor) Department of English, St. John's College Agra, for checking the language used in the manuscript. NR 53 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD MAY 15 PY 2010 VL 177 IS 1-3 BP 190 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.017 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 576OP UT WOS:000276154500023 PM 20042275 ER PT J AU Fan, CY Besas, J Kodavanti, PRS AF Fan, Chun-Yang Besas, Jonathan Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S. TI Changes in mitogen-activated protein kinase in cerebellar granule neurons by polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (FBDEs); Neurotoxicity; Intracellular signaling; Cytotoxicity; MAP kinases; Calcium signaling ID HUMAN ASTROCYTOMA-CELLS; IN-VITRO; FLAME RETARDANTS; CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS; RAT CEREBELLUM; MAP KINASES; PC12 CELLS; CONGENERS; NEUROTOXICITY; PATHWAY AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as additive flame retardants and have been detected in human blood, adipose tissue, and breast milk. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the effects of PBDEs are similar to the known human developmental neurotoxicants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on a molar basis. Previously, we reported that PBDE mixtures and congeners, perturbed calcium homeostasis which is critical for the development and function of the nervous system. In the present study, we tested whether environmentally relevant PBDE/PCB mixtures and congeners affected mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, which are down-stream events of calcium signaling in cerebellar granule neuronal cultures. In this study, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK)1/2, a widely studied MAPK cascade and known to be involved in learning and memory, levels were quantitated using western blot technique with phospho-specific antibodies. Glutamate (a positive control) increased pERK1/2 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner reaching maximum activation at 5-30 min of exposure and at doses >= 10 mu M. Both Aroclor 1254 (a commercial penta PCB mixture) and DE-71 (a commercial penta PBDE mixture) elevated phospho-ERK1/2, producing maximum stimulation at 30 min and at concentrations >= 3 mu g/ml; Aroclor 1254 was more efficacious than DE-71. DE-79 (an octabrominated diphenyl ether mixture) also elevated phospho-ERK1/2, but to a lesser extent than that of DE-71. PBDE congeners 47, 77, 99, and 153 also increased phospo-ERK1/2 in a concentration-dependent manner. The data indicated that PBDE congeners are more potent than the commercial mixtures. PCB 47 also increased phospho-ERK1/2 like its structural analog PBDE 47, but to a lesser extent, suggesting that these chemicals affect similar pathways. Cytotoxicity, measured as %LDH release, data showed that higher concentrations (>30 mu M) and longer exposures (>30 min) are required to see cell death. These results show that PBDE mixtures and congeners activate MAPK pathway at concentrations where no significant cytotoxicity was observed, suggesting that perturbed intracellular signaling including MAPK pathway might be involved in the initiation of adverse effects, including learning and memory, related to these persistent chemicals. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fan, Chun-Yang; Besas, Jonathan; Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S.] US EPA, Neurotoxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, NHEERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Fan, Chun-Yang] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Kodavanti, PRS (reprint author), US EPA, Neurotoxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, NHEERL ORD, B 105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.prasada@epa.gov FU EPA [CR 833237, EP07D000643] FX The authors thank Great Lakes Chemical Corporation for providing a sample of PBDE mixtures. Mr. Thomas Ward and Ms. Theresa Freudenrich are acknowledged for their excellent technical assistance and Drs. Tammy Stoker and Joyce Royland for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Chun-Yang Fan is funded by a training grant: EPA CR 833237. Jonathan Besas is funded by EPA contract # EP07D000643. NR 60 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAY 15 PY 2010 VL 245 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2010.02.008 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 596GU UT WOS:000277674000001 PM 20171977 ER PT J AU Drobna, Z Walton, FS Harmon, AW Thomas, DJ Styblo, M AF Drobna, Zuzana Walton, Felecia S. Harmon, Anne W. Thomas, David J. Styblo, Miroslav TI Interspecies differences in metabolism of arsenic by cultured primary hepatocytes SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Primary hepatocytes; Metabolism; As3mt; Mammalian species ID OXIDATION-STATE METHYLTRANSFERASE; ENZYMATIC METHYLATION; CYSTEINE RESIDUES; IN-VITRO; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; REDUCTASE; MARMOSET; MONKEYS; CELLS AB Biomethylation is the major pathway for the metabolism of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in many mammalian species, including the human. However, significant interspecies differences have been reported in the rate of in vivo metabolism of iAs and in yields of iAs metabolites found in urine. Liver is considered the primary site for the methylation of iAs and arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3mt) is the key enzyme in this pathway. Thus, the As3mt-catalyzed methylation of iAs in the liver determines in part the rate and the pattern of iAs metabolism in various species. We examined kinetics and concentration-response patterns for iAs methylation by cultured primary hepatocytes derived from human, rat, mice, dog, rabbit, and rhesus monkey. Hepatocytes were exposed to [(73)As]arsenite (iAs(III); 0.3, 0.9, 3.0, 9.0 or 30 nmol As/mg protein) for 24 h and radiolabeled metabolites were analyzed in cells and culture media. Hepatocytes from all six species methylated iAs(III) to methylarsenic (MAs) and dimethylarsenic (DMAs). Notably, dog, rat and monkey hepatocytes were considerably more efficient methylators of iAs(III) than mouse, rabbit or human hepatocytes. The low efficiency of mouse, rabbit and human hepatocytes to methylate iAs(III) was associated with inhibition of DMAs production by moderate concentrations of iAs(III) and with retention of iAs and MAs in cells. No significant correlations were found between the rate of iAs methylation and the thioredoxin reductase activity or glutathione concentration, two factors that modulate the activity of recombinant As3mt. No associations between the rates of iAs methylation and As3mt protein structures were found for the six species examined. Immunoblot analyses indicate that the superior arsenic methylation capacities of dog, rat and monkey hepatocytes examined in this study may be associated with a higher As3mt expression. However, factors other than As3mt expression may also contribute to the interspecies differences in the hepatocyte capacity to methylate iAs. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Drobna, Zuzana; Walton, Felecia S.; Harmon, Anne W.; Styblo, Miroslav] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div,Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Styblo, Miroslav] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Styblo, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, CB 7461,2302 MHRC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM styblo@med.unc.edu FU NIH [1R01 ES010845]; Clinical Nutrition Research Center [DK 56350] FX We thank Professor R.M. Weinshilboum (Mayo Clinic College of Medicine) for the generous gift of the rabbit anti human AS3MT antibody and Dr. David Paul (UNC Nutrition) for his help with quantitative analysis of immunoblot signals. This work has been supported in part by NIH grant 1R01 ES010845 to M.S. and a Clinical Nutrition Research Center Grant DK 56350. This manuscript has been reviewed in accordance with the policy of the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, neither does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAY 15 PY 2010 VL 245 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2010.01.015 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 596GU UT WOS:000277674000005 PM 20138079 ER PT J AU Liu, SB Hu, H Pederset, LG AF Liu, Shubin Hu, Hao Pederset, Lee G. TI Steric, Quantum, and Electrostatic Effects on S(N)2 Reaction Barriers in Gas Phase SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL-ROTATION BARRIERS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CORRELATION-ENERGY; KINETIC-ENERGY; FISHER INFORMATION; TRANSITION-STATES; IONIC REACTIONS; SN2 REACTIONS; SQUARE-ROOT; TERMS AB Biomolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions, S(N)2, are fundamental and commonplace in chemistry. It is the well-documented experimental finding in the literature that vicinal substitution with bulkier groups near the reaction center significantly slows the reaction due to steric hindrance, but theoretical understanding in the quantitative manner about factors dictating the S(N)2 reaction barrier height is still controversial. In this work, employing the new quantification approach that we recently proposed for the steric effect from the density functional theory framework, we investigate the relative contribution of three independent effects steric, electrostatic, and quantum to the S(N)2 barrier heights in gas phase for substituted methyl halide systems, R1R2R3CX, reacting with the fluorine anion, where R-1, R-2, and R-3 denote substituting groups and X = F or Cl. We found that in accordance with the experimental finding, for these systems, the steric effect dominates the transition state barrier, contributing positively to barrier heights, but this contribution is largely compensated by the negative, stabilizing contribution from the quantum effect due to the exchange-correlation interactions. Moreover, we find that it is the component from the electrostatic effect that is linearly correlated with the S(N)2 barrier height for the systems investigated in the present study. In addition, we compared our approach with the conventional method of energy decomposition in density functional theory as well as examined the steric effect from the wave function theory for these systems via natural bond orbital analysis. C1 [Liu, Shubin] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Res Comp, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Hu, Hao] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Chem, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Pederset, Lee G.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Pederset, Lee G.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Liu, SB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Res Comp, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM shubin@email.unc.edu RI Liu, Shubin/B-1502-2009; Hu, Hao/A-2307-2008 OI Liu, Shubin/0000-0001-9331-0427; FU UNC EFRC; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001011]; National Institute of Health [HL-06350]; NSF [FRG DMR-0804549]; NIH, NIEHS FX Helpful discussion with Daniel Ess, Robert G. Parr, and Cynthia K. Schauer of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Robert C. Morrison of East Carolina University; Paul W. Ayer of McMaster University, Canada; and Stephen L. Craig of Duke University is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported in part by UNC EFRC: Solar Fuels and Next Generation Photovoltaics, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-SC0001011; the National Institute of Health (HL-06350); NSF (FRG DMR-0804549); and the Intramural Research Program of NIH, NIEHS. We acknowledge the use of the computational resources provided by the Research Computing Center at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Part of the work was presented in the 50th Sanibel Symposium at St. Thomas Island, GA. NR 60 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 13 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 18 BP 5913 EP 5918 DI 10.1021/jp101329f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 591DX UT WOS:000277280400035 PM 20377265 ER PT J AU Chang, NB Yang, YJ Daranpob, A AF Chang, Ni-Bin Yang, Y. Jeffrey Daranpob, Ammarin TI Middle-term metropolitan water availability index assessment based on synergistic potential of multi-sensor data (vol 4, 043519, 2010) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Correction C1 [Chang, Ni-Bin; Daranpob, Ammarin] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Yang, Y. Jeffrey] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Chang, NB (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM nchang@mail.ucf.edu; Yang.Jeff@epamail.epa.gov; ammarin_r@hotmail.com NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD MAY 11 PY 2010 VL 4 AR 040102 DI 10.1117/1.3442413 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 601IB UT WOS:000278050700001 ER PT J AU Cao, C Huang, XS Han, YY Wan, YS Birnbaumer, L Feng, GS Marshall, J Jiang, MS Chu, WM AF Cao, Cong Huang, Xuesong Han, Yuyuan Wan, Yinsheng Birnbaumer, Lutz Feng, Geng-Sheng Marshall, John Jiang, Meisheng Chu, Wen-Ming TI G alpha(i1) and G alpha(i3) Are Required for Epidermal Growth Factor-Mediated Activation of the Akt-mTORC1 Pathway (vol 266, pg 249, 2008) SO SCIENCE SIGNALING LA English DT Correction ID FOXO TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS; PERTUSSIS-TOXIN; FACTOR RECEPTOR; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; KINASE ACTIVATION; TYROSINE KINASE; RAT HEPATOCYTES AB The precise mechanism whereby epidermal growth factor (EGF) activates the serine-threonine kinase Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) remains elusive. Here, we report that the alpha subunits of the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) G alpha(i1) and G alpha(i3) are critical for this activation process. Both G alpha(i1) and G alpha(i3) formed complexes with growth factor receptor binding 2 (Grb2)-associated binding protein 1 (Gab1) and the EGF receptor (EGFR) and were required for the phosphorylation of Gab1 and its subsequent interaction with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in response to EGF. Loss of G alpha(i1) and G alpha(i3) severely impaired the activation of Akt and of p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1, downstream targets of mTORC1, in response to EGF, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, and transforming growth factor alpha, but not insulin, insulin-like growth factor, or platelet-derived growth factor. In addition, ablation of G alpha(i1) and G alpha(i3) largely inhibited EGF-induced cell growth, migration, and survival, and the accumulation of cyclin D1. Overall, this study suggests that G alpha(i1) and G alpha(i3) lie downstream of EGFR, but upstream of Gab1-mediated activation of Akt and mTORC1, thus revealing a role for G(alpha i) proteins in mediating EGFR signaling. C1 [Cao, Cong; Huang, Xuesong; Han, Yuyuan; Chu, Wen-Ming] Brown Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Cao, Cong; Chu, Wen-Ming] Brown Univ, Pathobiol Grad Program, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Wan, Yinsheng] Providence Coll, Dept Biol, Providence, RI 02918 USA. [Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Feng, Geng-Sheng] Burnham Inst Med Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Marshall, John] Brown Univ, Dept Mol Pharmacol Physiol & Biotechnol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Jiang, Meisheng] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Chu, WM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM wen-ming_chu@brown.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1937-9145 J9 SCI SIGNAL JI Sci. Signal. PD MAY 11 PY 2010 VL 3 IS 121 AR er2 DI 10.1126/scisignal.3121er2 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 594UQ UT WOS:000277564900005 ER PT J AU Massie, GN Ware, MW Villegas, EN Black, MW AF Massie, Gloeta N. Ware, Michael W. Villegas, Eric N. Black, Michael W. TI Uptake and transmission of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by migratory, filter-feeding fish SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma; Fish; Paratenic; Marine; PCR; Biotic vector ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; SEA OTTERS; WATER; CALIFORNIA; PCR; MORTALITY; INFECTION; PURIFICATION; PATTERNS AB From bottlenose dolphins, to walruses, to sea otters, the parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is infecting marine mammals around the world. Whereas the terrestrial transmission pathways of T. gondii are well-described, the transmission pathway by which marine mammals are being infected is unknown. We hypothesize that migratory filter feeders, specifically northern anchovies (Engraulis mordax) and Pacific sardines (Sardinops sagax), are serving as biotic vectors for T. gondii within the marine environment. By filtering oocysts from seawater, these fishes could be transporting the oocysts from nearshore to pelagic environments. In this study, we experimentally exposed northern anchovies and Pacific sardines to T. gondii oocysts under laboratory conditions. Following exposure, the fishes' alimentary canals were harvested and assayed for the presence of T. gondii by PCR. Fish exposed to as few as 1197 oocysts/L seawater tested positive for T. gondii by PCR. In total, the PCR assay detected T. gondii DNA in 66% (40/61) of the exposed fishes. Oocyst infectivity was confirmed by mouse bioassay: 30% (7/23) of mice developed toxoplasmosis when fed fish exposed to 100,000 oocysts/L This study demonstrates that both northern anchovies and Pacific sardines can filter T. gondii oocysts out of seawater under experimental conditions. Our experiments with anchovies demonstrated that the oocysts persisted in the fish for at least 8 h post-exposure and our experiments with sardines demonstrated that the oocysts remained infectious inside the fish's alimentary canals. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Massie, Gloeta N.; Black, Michael W.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Ware, Michael W.; Villegas, Eric N.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Black, MW (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, Fisher Sci Bldg 33,Rm 380,1 Grand Ave, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. EM mblack@calpoly.edu RI Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015 OI Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588 NR 39 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 11 PY 2010 VL 169 IS 3-4 BP 296 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.01.002 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 597DQ UT WOS:000277736800009 PM 20097009 ER PT J AU Vincenti, M Fasano, F Valsania, MC Guarda, P Richardson, SD AF Vincenti, Marco Fasano, Francesca Valsania, Maria Carmen Guarda, Pierantonio Richardson, Susan D. TI Application of the novel 5-chloro-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentyl chloroformate derivatizing agent for the direct determination of highly polar water disinfection byproducts SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th European Conference on Analytical Chemistry (Euroanalysis) CY SEP 06-10, 2009 CL Innsbruck, AUSTRIA DE Humic substances; Water disinfection byproducts; Derivatization; Chloroformate; Hydrophilic compounds; ECNI ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; DRINKING-WATER; HYDROPHILIC COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AMINO-ACIDS; PENTAFLUOROPROPYL CHLOROFORMATE; FLUORINATED CHLOROFORMATES; MEDIATED DERIVATIZATION; EMERGING CONTAMINANTS; MS ANALYSIS AB A novel derivatizing agent, 5-chloro-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl chloroformate (ClOFPCF), was synthesized and tested as a reagent for direct water derivatization of highly polar and hydrophilic analytes. Its analytical performance satisfactorily compared to a perfluorinated chloroformate previously described, namely 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl chloroformate (OFPCF). The chemical properties (reactivity, selectivity, derivatization products, and their chromatographic and spectral features) for ClOFPCF were investigated using a set of 39 highly polar standard analytes, including, among others, hydroxylamine, malic and succinic acids, resorcinol, hydroxybenzaldehyde, and dihydroxybenzoic acid. Upon derivatization, the analytes were extracted from the aqueous solvent and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) in the electron-capture negative ionization (ECNI) mode. Positive chemical ionization (PCI)-MS was used for confirming the molecular ions, which were virtually absent in the ECNI mass spectra. ClOFPCF showed good reaction efficiency, good chromatographic and spectroscopic properties (better than with OFPCF), good linearity in calibration curves, and low detection limits (0.3-1 mu g/L). A unique feature of the derivatizations with ClOFPCF, and, in general, highly fluorinated chloroformates, is their effectiveness in reacting with carboxylic, hydroxylic, and aminic groups at once, forming multiply-substituted non-polar derivatives that can be easily extracted from the aqueous phase and determined by GC-ECNI-MS. The entire procedure from raw aqueous sample to ready-to-inject hexane solution of the derivatives requires less than 10 min. Another benefit of this procedure is that it produced stable derivatives, with optimal volatility for GC separation, and high electron affinity, which allows their detection as negative ions at trace level. In addition, their mass spectra exhibits chlorine isotopic patterns that clearly indicate how many polar hydrogens of the analyte undergo derivatization. Finally, derivatization with ClOFPCF was used successfully to identify 13 unknown highly polar disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in ozonated fulvic and humic acid aqueous solutions and in real ozonated drinking water. C1 [Vincenti, Marco; Fasano, Francesca] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim Analit, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Valsania, Maria Carmen] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Traumatol Ortopedia & Med Lavoro, I-10126 Turin, Italy. [Guarda, Pierantonio] Solvay Solexis SpA, I-20021 Milan, Italy. [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Vincenti, M (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim Analit, Via Pietro Giuria 5, I-10125 Turin, Italy. EM marco.vincenti@unito.it RI Vincenti, Marco/M-3495-2015 OI Vincenti, Marco/0000-0002-6275-7194 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.-EPA) [R-82795101-1]; M.I.U.R.; Regione Piemonte FX Financial support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.-EPA; Cooperative Agreement No. R-82795101-1), from M.I.U.R. and Regione Piemonte is gratefully acknowledged. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U. S. EPA's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U. S. EPA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 397 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-3477-2 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 584GI UT WOS:000276738800008 PM 20169335 ER PT J AU Keller, JM Calafat, AM Kato, K Ellefson, ME Reagen, WK Strynar, M O'Connell, S Butt, CM Mabury, SA Small, J Muir, DCG Leigh, SD Schantz, MM AF Keller, Jennifer M. Calafat, Antonia M. Kato, Kayoko Ellefson, Mark E. Reagen, William K. Strynar, Mark O'Connell, Steven Butt, Craig M. Mabury, Scott A. Small, Jeff Muir, Derek C. G. Leigh, Stefan D. Schantz, Michele M. TI Determination of perfluorinated alkyl acid concentrations in human serum and milk standard reference materials SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials CY JUL 07-10, 2009 CL Keble Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND HO Keble Coll DE Perfluorinated contaminants; Organic contaminants; Reference materials; Human samples; Blood; Intercomparison exercise ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; HUMAN BLOOD; POLYFLUOROALKYL CHEMICALS; ORGANIC-ACIDS; HUMAN SAMPLES; HUMAN PLASMA; EXPOSURE; PERFLUOROCARBOXYLATES AB Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) are certified reference materials produced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology that are homogeneous materials well characterized with values for specified properties, such as environmental contaminant concentrations. They can be used to validate measurement methods and are critical in improving data quality. Disagreements in perfluorinated alkyl acid (PFAA) concentrations measured in environmental matrices during past interlaboratory comparisons emphasized the need for SRMs with values assigned for PFAAs. We performed a new interlaboratory comparison among six laboratories and provided, for the first time, value assignment of PFAAs in SRMs. Concentrations for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and other PFAAs in two human serum and two human milk SRMs are reported. PFAA using different analytical methods in six laboratories and for milk SRM 1954 in three laboratories. The interlaboratory relative standard deviation for PFOS in SRM 1957 was 7%, which is an improvement over past interlaboratory studies. Matrix interferences are discussed, as well as temporal trends and the percentage of branched vs. linear isomers. The concentrations in these SRMs are similar to the present-day average concentrations measured in human serum and milk, resulting in representative and useful control materials for PFAA human monitoring studies. C1 [Keller, Jennifer M.; O'Connell, Steven] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.; Kato, Kayoko] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ellefson, Mark E.; Reagen, William K.] 3M Co, Environm Lab, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Strynar, Mark] Environm Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Butt, Craig M.; Mabury, Scott A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. [Leigh, Stefan D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Small, Jeff; Muir, Derek C. G.] Environm Canada, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Burlington, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Schantz, Michele M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Keller, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Jennifer.keller@noaa.gov RI Butt, Craig/A-9639-2010; Butt, Craig/E-4213-2013; OI Butt, Craig/0000-0001-5033-8745; Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776 NR 50 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 397 IS 2 BP 439 EP 451 DI 10.1007/s00216-009-3222-x PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 584QW UT WOS:000276768400005 PM 19862506 ER PT J AU Rastogi, VK Ryan, SP Wallace, L Smith, LS Shah, SS Martin, GB AF Rastogi, Vipin K. Ryan, Shawn P. Wallace, Lalena Smith, Lisa S. Shah, Saumil S. Martin, G. Blair TI Systematic Evaluation of the Efficacy of Chlorine Dioxide in Decontamination of Building Interior Surfaces Contaminated with Anthrax Spores SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS SPORES; GAS; SANITIZER; CEREUS; STEEL; VAPOR AB Efficacy of chlorine dioxide (CD) gas generated by two distinct generation systems, Sabre (wet system with gas generated in water) and ClorDiSys (dry system with gas generated in air), was evaluated for inactivation of Bacillus anthracis spores on six building interior surfaces. The six building materials included carpet, acoustic ceiling tile, unpainted cinder block, painted I-beam steel, painted wallboard, and unpainted pinewood. There was no statistically significant difference in the data due to the CD generation technology at a 95% confidence level. Note that a common method of CD gas measurement was used for both wet and dry CD generation types. Doses generated by combinations of different concentrations of CD gas (500, 1,000, 1,500, or 3,000 parts per million of volume [ppmv]) and exposure times (ranging between 0.5 and 12 h) were used to evaluate the relative role of fumigant exposure period and total dose in the decontamination of building surfaces. The results showed that the time required to achieve at least a 6-log reduction in viable spores is clearly a function of the material type on which the spores are inoculated. The wood and cinder block coupons required a longer exposure time to achieve a 6-log reduction. The only material showing a clear statistical difference in rate of decay of viable spores as a function of concentration was cinder block. For all other materials, the profile of spore kill (i.e., change in number of viable spores with exposure time) was not dependent upon fumigant concentration (500 to 3,000 ppmv). The CD dose required for complete spore kill on biological indicators (typically, 1E6 spores of Bacillus atrophaeus on stainless steel) was significantly less than that required for decontamination of most of the building materials tested. C1 [Rastogi, Vipin K.; Wallace, Lalena; Smith, Lisa S.; Shah, Saumil S.] USA, Res & Technol Directorate, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Ryan, Shawn P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Martin, G. Blair] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rastogi, VK (reprint author), USA, Res & Technol Directorate, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, E-3400 Kingscreek St N, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM vipin.rastogi@us.army.mil RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and collaborated with the Department of the Army, Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, in the research described herein under Interagency Agreement DW-21-93991701. It has been subject to an administrative review but does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. No official endorsement should be inferred. EPA does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 76 IS 10 BP 3343 EP 3351 DI 10.1128/AEM.02668-09 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 592OF UT WOS:000277388200031 PM 20305025 ER PT J AU Rygiewicz, PT Monleon, VJ Ingham, ER Martin, KJ Johnson, MG AF Rygiewicz, Paul T. Monleon, Vicente J. Ingham, Elaine R. Martin, Kendall J. Johnson, Mark G. TI Soil life in reconstructed ecosystems: Initial soil food web responses after rebuilding a forest soil profile for a climate change experiment SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amoebae; Atmospheric CO(2) concentration; Atmospheric temperature; Bacterial biomass; Climate change; Flagellates; Fungal biomass; Nematodes; Protozoa; Soil physical disturbance ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT; TEMPERATURE; NITROGEN; FUNGAL; CULTIVATION; SEEDLINGS; BIOMASS; MATS AB Disrupting ecosystem components, while transferring and reconstructing them for experiments can produce myriad responses. Establishing the extent of these biological responses as the system approaches a new equilibrium allows us more reliably to emulate comparable native systems. That is, the sensitivity of analyzing ecosystem processes in a reconstructed system is improved by excluding the period when observed phenomena are primarily responses caused by establishing the experiment rather than effects of imposed treatments; achieved by determining the extent of ally pulse of activity caused by preparatory procedures. A native forest soil was physically disrupted when it was collected, sieved, and then rebuilt in lysimeters in a controlled-environment study evaluating the influence of elevated atmospheric CO(2) concentration and elevated atmospheric temperature on the reconstructed soil that was planted with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco) seedlings. Generally, soil food web populations responded in two phases during the exposure as indicated by preliminary evaluation of the 4.5-year dataset. Also, previous work indicated that relatively elevated soil CO(2) effluxes occurred during the first phase, suggesting that food web populations may have responded to carbon sources made available when the soil was harvested and its profile reconstructed in the lysimeters. Results are presented for bacterial and fungal biomass, numbers of protozoa and nematodes to gain insight on whether the first phase responses are attributable to the acute stress of physically disrupting the soil. We found clear relationships between changes in predator and prey populations. A prominent spike for many of the food web populations occurred the year after the climate exposures began. Except for total bacterial biomass and total fungal-hyphae biomass, overall food web responses generally were unrelated to treatments. It appears that initial food web population responses were related to increased availability of soil carbon caused by establishing the experiment. Our results provide insights into determining the length of time to maintain reconstructed forest ecosystems before responses are observed related to experimental treatments. It appears that as long as 3 years elapsed before the soil food web appeared to recover from the acute physical disturbance; 1 year of recovery prior to commencing the climate exposures to allow the soil to rest after it was reconstructed, plus approximately the first 2 years of maintaining the climate treatments. Accounting for consequences of such periods of adjustment is critical for forecasting whether comparable natural ecosystems will be net sources or sinks of elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO(2). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rygiewicz, Paul T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Monleon, Vicente J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Ingham, Elaine R.] Soil Foodweb Oregon LLC, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Martin, Kendall J.] William Paterson Univ, Dept Biol, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA. RP Rygiewicz, PT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM rygiewicz.paul@epamail.epa.gov OI Martin, Kendall/0000-0003-4833-4301 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Drs. R. Gibble and J. Entry for very insightful reviews of an earlier version of this document and the two anonymous reviewers provided by the journal. This research was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The research described was conducted at the EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, in part, through contracts 68-C4-0019 to ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., and contract 68-C6-0005 to Dynamac Corporation. It was subjected to review by the EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of either agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 26 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.01.006 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 585YZ UT WOS:000276868300003 ER PT J AU Jaoui, M Corse, EW Lewandowski, M Offenberg, JH Kleindienst, TE Edney, EO AF Jaoui, Mohammed Corse, Eric W. Lewandowski, Michael Offenberg, John H. Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Edney, Edward O. TI Formation of organic tracers for isoprene SOA under acidic conditions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PM2.5; Secondary organic aerosol; Isoprene; Organic tracers; Acidic sulfate; SO2 ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; AEROSOL FORMATION; SECONDARY AB The chemical compositions of a series of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) samples, formed by irradiating mixtures of isoprene and NO in a smog chamber in the absence or presence of acidic aerosols, were analyzed using derivatization-based GC-MS methods. In addition to the known isoprene photooxidation products 2-methylglyceric acid, 2-methylthreitol, and 2-methylerythritol, three other peaks of note were detected: one of these was consistent with a silylated-derivative of sulfuric acid, while the remaining two were other oxidized organic compounds detected only when acidic aerosol was present. These two oxidation products were also detected in field samples, and their presence was found to be dependent on both the apparent degree of aerosol acidity as well as the availability of isoprene aerosol. The average concentrations of the sum of these two compounds in the ambient PM2.5 samples ranged from below the GC-MS detection limit during periods when the isoprene emission rate or apparent acidity were low to approximately 200 ng m(-3) (calibrations being based on a surrogate compound) during periods of high isoprene emissions. These compounds presently unidentified have the potential to serve as organic tracers of isoprene SOA formed exclusively in the presence of acidic aerosol and may also be useful in assessments in determining the importance and impact of aerosol acidity on ambient SOA formation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jaoui, Mohammed; Corse, Eric W.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Lewandowski, Michael; Offenberg, John H.; Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.; Edney, Edward O.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jaoui, M (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technol, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jaoui.mohammed@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 FU Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, LADCO [STI-903520-2942-FR]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-05-065] FX The authors would like to thank James J. Schauer and Rebecca J. Sheesley of the University of Wisconsin-Madison for providing samples from the Midwest Urban Organics Study. Funding for this study was provided by the Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, LADCO, (STI-903520-2942-FR).; The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under Contract EP-D-05-065 to Alion Science and Technology. The manuscript is subjected to external peer review and has been cleared for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 44 IS 14 BP 1798 EP 1805 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.01.018 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 593QW UT WOS:000277476200011 ER PT J AU Van Ginkel, SW Lamendella, R Kovacik, WP Domingo, JWS Rittmann, BE AF Van Ginkel, Steven W. Lamendella, Regina Kovacik, William P., Jr. Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Rittmann, Bruce E. TI Microbial community structure during nitrate and perchlorate reduction in ion-exchange brine using the hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microbial ecology; Nitrate; Perchlorate; Membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR); Ion-exchange brine ID SALINE-WASTE-WATER; DENITRIFICATION; NOV.; PCR AB Detoxification of perchlorate by microbial communities under denitrifying conditions has been recently reported, although the identity of the mixed populations involved in perchlorate reduction is not well understood. In order to address this, the bacterial diversity of membrane biofilm reactors (MBfR) set up under autotrophic denitrifying and perchlorate-reducing conditions were examined by analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of clone libraries. Inocula from diverse locations were tested for their ability to reduce nitrate and perchlorate in synthetic ion exchange spent brine (45 g/l NaCl) using H(2)-based MBfRs. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that proteobacterial species dominated the biofilm communities, particularly nitrate-reducing gamma-proteobacteria. Even though the inocula to the MBfRs came from different sources, clones closely related to Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus represented 53% of all clones in the MBfR biofilms. The clone libraries contained no known perchlorate-reducing bacteria, which suggest that denitrifiers carried out perchlorate reduction, probably by secondary-utilization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Van Ginkel, Steven W.; Rittmann, Bruce E.] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Van Ginkel, Steven W.; Lamendella, Regina; Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kovacik, William P., Jr.] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. RP Van Ginkel, SW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Biodesign Inst, POB 875701, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM steppen@asu.edu NR 20 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 8 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 101 IS 10 BP 3747 EP 3750 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.028 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 568YS UT WOS:000275563200063 PM 20093013 ER PT J AU Shepard, TH Barr, M Brent, RL Hendrickx, A Kochhar, D Oakley, G Scott, WJ Rogers, JM AF Shepard, Thomas H. Barr, Mason, Jr. Brent, Robert L. Hendrickx, Andrew Kochhar, Devendra Oakley, Godfrey Scott, William J., Jr. Rogers, John M. TI An Updated History of the Teratology Society SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Review AB BACKGROUND: The 49-year history of the Teratology Society is reviewed. An abbreviated history is outlined in table form, with listings of the Warkany Lectures, the Continuing Education Courses, and officers of the society. The original article was updated to include the years 2000 to 2010. METHODS: A year-by-year description of the events is given, including the scientific and social content of the annual meetings and changes in the business of the society, in many cases using comments from the past presidents. The valuable and unique diversity of the members is discussed and illustrated, presenting the disciplines and main research areas of the presidents. The number of submitted abstracts and the various categories are tabulated, averaging the number and type over successive periods. A significant increase in the number of abstracts dealing with epidemiology and developmental biology is evident. The society's development is compared to that of a human, and the question was asked by Shephard et al. (2000): Have we reached the maturational stage of old age or senescence, or is the society still maturing gracefully? This question needs further discussion by all the members. By 2010, many positive changes are happening to revitalize the society. RESULTS: During the past 50 years, we have developed the scientific basis to prevent birth defects caused by rubella, alcoholism, and folate deficiency, as well as other prenatal exposures. We are now taking advantage of advances in many fields to begin shaping the Teratology Society of the 21st century. CONCLUSIONS: We must now engage in political battles to obtain the resources needed to conduct further research and to implement prevention programs, as well as to provide care and rehabilitation for persons with birth defects. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 88:263-285, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Rogers, John M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Shepard, Thomas H.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Barr, Mason, Jr.] Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Brent, Robert L.] DuPont Hosp Children, Wilmington, DE USA. [Hendrickx, Andrew] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kochhar, Devendra] Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Pathol Anat & Cell Biol, Philadelphia, PA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Scott, William J., Jr.] Childrens Hosp Res Fdn, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. RP Rogers, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, MD 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rogers.john@epa.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 88 IS 5 BP 263 EP 285 PG 23 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 605AV UT WOS:000278320600001 PM 20506459 ER PT J AU Knudsen, TB AF Knudsen, T. B. TI Pathway Profiling and Tissue Modeling Using ToxCast (TM) HTS Data SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Knudsen, T. B.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 88 IS 5 BP 344 EP 344 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 605AV UT WOS:000278320600039 ER PT J AU Kleinstreuer, N Dix, D Judson, R Kavlock, R Sipes, N Reif, D Chandler, K Rountree, M Dewoskin, R Singh, A Spencer, R Knudsen, T AF Kleinstreuer, N. Dix, D. Judson, R. Kavlock, R. Sipes, N. Reif, D. Chandler, K. Rountree, M. Dewoskin, R. Singh, A. Spencer, R. Knudsen, T. TI A Toxicity Signature for Species-Specific Disruption of Embryonic Vasculogenesis Derived from ToxCast (TM) In Vitro Profiling Data SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kleinstreuer, N.; Dix, D.; Judson, R.; Kavlock, R.; Sipes, N.; Reif, D.; Chandler, K.; Rountree, M.; Knudsen, T.] US EPA, NCCT, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dewoskin, R.] US EPA, NCEA, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Chandler, K.] US EPA, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Singh, A.; Spencer, R.] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 88 IS 5 BP 349 EP 349 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 605AV UT WOS:000278320600044 ER PT J AU Chandler, K Hunter, S Jeffay, S Nichols, H Hoopes, M Barrier, M Habig, J Knudsen, T AF Chandler, K. Hunter, S. Jeffay, S. Nichols, H. Hoopes, M. Barrier, M. Habig, J. Knudsen, T. TI High-Throughput Screening of ToxCast (TM) Phase I Chemicals in an Embryonic Stem Cell Assay Reveals Potential Disruption of a Critical Developmental Signaling Pathway SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chandler, K.; Hunter, S.; Jeffay, S.; Nichols, H.; Hoopes, M.; Barrier, M.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Chandler, K.; Knudsen, T.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Habig, J.] Endogenics, Eagle, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 88 IS 5 BP 350 EP 350 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 605AV UT WOS:000278320600046 ER PT J AU Abbott, BD Wood, CR Watkins, AM Das, KP Lau, CS AF Abbott, B. D. Wood, C. R. Watkins, A. M. Das, K. P. Lau, C. S. TI Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha (PPAR alpha), Beta (PPAR beta), and Gamma (PPAR gamma) Expression in Human Fetal Tissues SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Abbott, B. D.; Wood, C. R.; Watkins, A. M.; Das, K. P.; Lau, C. S.] US EPA, NHEERL, Toxic Assessment Div, Dev Biol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 88 IS 5 BP 352 EP 352 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 605AV UT WOS:000278320600050 ER PT J AU Sipes, NS Rountree, MR Kleinstreuer, NC Dix, DJ Judson, RS Kavlock, RJ Swat, M Glazier, JA Dewoskin, RS Singh, AV Spencer, RM Knudsen, TB AF Sipes, N. S. Rountree, M. R. Kleinstreuer, N. C. Dix, D. J. Judson, R. S. Kavlock, R. J. Swat, M. Glazier, J. A. Dewoskin, R. S. Singh, A., V Spencer, R. M. Knudsen, T. B. TI Development of a Computational (In Silico) Model of Ocular Teratogenesis SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sipes, N. S.; Rountree, M. R.; Kleinstreuer, N. C.; Dix, D. J.; Judson, R. S.; Kavlock, R. J.; Knudsen, T. B.] NCCT, ORD, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Dewoskin, R. S.] NCEA, ORD, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Singh, A., V; Spencer, R. M.] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Swat, M.; Glazier, J. A.] Indiana Univ, Biocomplex Inst, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN USA. RI Singh, Amar/K-4400-2013 OI Singh, Amar/0000-0003-3780-8233 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 88 IS 5 BP 356 EP 356 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 605AV UT WOS:000278320600059 ER PT J AU Fenton, SC Rudel, RA Euling, SY Makris, SL AF Fenton, S. E. Rudel, R. A. Euling, S. Y. Makris, S. L. TI Mammary Gland Development As a Sensitive Indicator of Early Life Exposures: Recommendations from an Interdisciplinary Workshop SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fenton, S. E.] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Rudel, R. A.] Silent Spring Inst, Newton, MA USA. [Euling, S. Y.; Makris, S. L.] NCEA, US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 88 IS 5 BP 359 EP 359 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 605AV UT WOS:000278320600065 ER PT J AU Narotsky, MG Klinefelter, GR Goldman, JM Strader, LF Suarez, JD Pressman, JG Mitner, RJ Speth, TF Teuschler, LK Rice, GE Richardson, SD Best, DS McDonald, A Murr, AS Hunter, ES Simmons, JE AF Narotsky, M. G. Klinefelter, G. R. Goldman, J. M. Strader, L. F. Suarez, J. D. Pressman, J. G. Mitner, R. J. Speth, T. F. Teuschler, L. K. Rice, G. E. Richardson, S. D. Best, D. S. McDonald, A. Murr, A. S. Hunter, E. S. Simmons, J. E. TI Assessment of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Mixtures of Regulated Drinking Water Chlorination By-Products in a Multigenerational Rat Bioassay SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Narotsky, M. G.; Klinefelter, G. R.; Goldman, J. M.; Strader, L. F.; Suarez, J. D.; Best, D. S.; McDonald, A.; Murr, A. S.; Hunter, E. S.; Simmons, J. E.] Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, US EPA, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Pressman, J. G.; Mitner, R. J.; Speth, T. F.] Nat Risk Management Res Lab, US EPA, ORD, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Teuschler, L. K.; Rice, G. E.] Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, US EPA, ORD, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Richardson, S. D.] Nat Exposure Res Lab, US EPA, ORD, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 88 IS 5 BP 360 EP 360 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 605AV UT WOS:000278320600066 ER PT J AU Dzubow, RC AF Dzubow, R. C. TI Legislative Initiatives in the 111(th) US Congress Related to Early Lifestage Exposures to Chemicals SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dzubow, R. C.] Brookings Inst, Legis Congress Fellowship, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Dzubow, R. C.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 88 IS 5 BP 374 EP 374 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 605AV UT WOS:000278320600091 ER PT J AU Singh, AV Sipes, NS Kleinstreuer, N Knudsen, TB Shah, I AF Singh, A., V Sipes, N. S. Kleinstreuer, N. Knudsen, T. B. Shah, I TI Literature Mining and Knowledge Discovery Tools for Virtual Tissues Knowledgebase (VTKB) SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Singh, A., V] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Sipes, N. S.; Kleinstreuer, N.; Knudsen, T. B.; Shah, I] US EPA, Nat Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Singh, Amar/K-4400-2013 OI Singh, Amar/0000-0003-3780-8233 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 88 IS 5 BP 389 EP 389 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 605AV UT WOS:000278320600121 ER PT J AU Chovau, S Dobrak, A Figoli, A Galiano, F Simone, S Drioli, E Sikdar, SK Van der Bruggen, B AF Chovau, S. Dobrak, A. Figoli, A. Galiano, F. Simone, S. Drioli, E. Sikdar, S. K. Van der Bruggen, B. TI Pervaporation performance of unfilled and filled PDMS membranes and novel SBS membranes for the removal of toluene from diluted aqueous solutions SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE PDMS membranes; SBS membranes; Pervaporation; VOCs removal; Downstream pressure effect; CBV 3002 fillers; Membrane performance ID SOLVENT-RESISTANT NANOFILTRATION; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MULTICOMPONENT PERVAPORATION; ORGANOPHILIC PERVAPORATION; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; WATER; SEPARATION; ZEOLITE; VOCS; DIFFUSION AB In this study, the influence of downstream pressure on the pervaporative removal of toluene from water was investigated. An unfilled and CBV 3002-filled PDMS membranes were compared with novel dense and porous SBS membranes. Experiments were performed by varying the downstream pressure from 1 to 40 mbar. The effect of fillers incorporation into the polymeric network of PDMS-based membranes was also studied. It was found that the performance factors of all examined membranes were dependent on downstream pressure. Both the water and toluene flux decreased with increasing downstream pressure, the former being more pronounced, resulting in increased membrane separation factors. Moreover, the partial fluxes of all examined membranes were linearly dependent on the vapor pressure difference between permeate and feed. From the analysis of the intrinsic membrane properties it was found that toluene sorption was enhanced at higher downstream pressures. This resulted in membrane swelling, and hence higher water permeability than expected; nevertheless increased the membrane selectivity. Incorporation of the CBV 3002 fillers into the PDMS network enhanced both toluene removal rate and separation performance as well as intrinsic membrane properties. For the porous SBS membrane the highest toluene flux and permeability was obtained, but the lowest separation efficiency. The dense SBS membrane showed similar separation factors as the PDMS-based membranes, although a significantly higher toluene removal rate was observed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chovau, S.; Dobrak, A.; Van der Bruggen, B.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Appl Phys Chem & Environm Technol, Dept Chem Engn, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Figoli, A.; Galiano, F.; Simone, S.; Drioli, E.] Univ Calabria, Res Inst Membrane Technol ITM CNR, I-87030 Cosenza, Italy. [Sikdar, S. K.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Figoli, A (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Appl Phys Chem & Environm Technol, Dept Chem Engn, W de Croylaan 46, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM a.figoli@itm.cnr.it OI FIGOLI, ALBERTO/0000-0002-3347-0506 FU K.U.Leuven Research Council [OT/06/37]; Erasmus Mobility program FX The K.U.Leuven Research Council is gratefully acknowledged for financial support (OT/06/37). The Erasmus Mobility program is also gratefully acknowledged for the grant given to S. Chovau for performing the experimental work at ITM-CNR in Italy. NR 52 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1385-8947 J9 CHEM ENG J JI Chem. Eng. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 159 IS 1-3 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.cej.2010.02.020 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 594NQ UT WOS:000277544800006 ER PT J AU Jacobs, AD Kentula, ME Herlihy, AT AF Jacobs, Amy Deller Kentula, Mary E. Herlihy, Alan T. TI Developing an index of wetland condition from ecological data: An example using HGM functional variables from the Nanticoke watershed, USA SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Wetland assessment; HGM; Nanticoke watershed; Wetland condition; Wetland function ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; PENNSYLVANIA; INDICATORS; DELAWARE; SCALE; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; MARYLAND; STREAMS; DESIGNS AB Demand for data on the ecological condition of wetlands is increasing as state and federal management programs recognize its value in reporting on the ambient condition of the resource, targeting restoration and protection efforts. evaluating the effects of mitigation and restoration practices, supporting regulatory decisions, and tracking the impact of land use decisions. We developed an approach for generating a single measure of wetland condition from ecological variables used in hydrogeomorphic (HGM) assessment. An Index of Wetland Condition (IWC) was developed from HGM field data collected to assess freshwater, non-tidal flat, riverine, and depression wetlands in the Nanticoke River watershed. The HGM variables were screened and scored based on a range check, responsiveness, and metric redundancy, employing a method used to develop indices of biotic integrity. Weights of the individual variables were adjusted to reflect our understanding of wetland ecology and to include variables that represented the vegetation, hydrology, and buffer of a wetland. The final IWC score discriminated high, medium, and low site disturbance classes in flat and riverine wetlands and high and low disturbance classes in depressions, one-way ANOVA F-values ranged from 44.5 to 79.1 (all p <0.0001). The combination of the IWC and HGM assessments provides a comprehensive evaluation of the wetland resource. HGM produces information oil specific wetland functions. The IWC concisely conveys the ecological condition of the resource and maximizes the utility of the data collected in all HGM assessment. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jacobs, Amy Deller] Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Div Water Resources, Dover, DE 19904 USA. [Kentula, Mary E.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Herlihy, Alan T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Jacobs, AD (reprint author), Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Div Water Resources, 820 Silver Lake Blvd,Suite 220, Dover, DE 19904 USA. EM amy.jacobs@state.de.us; kentula.mary@epamail.epa.gov; herlihy.alan@epamail.epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [RM-83143501]; Oregon State University [CR-831682-01] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through grant agreement RM-83143501, and cooperative agreements CR-831682-01 with Oregon State University. This paper was subjected to the EPA's peer and administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. We are particularly thankful and indebted to the many people that assisted with data collection as part of the assessment of wetland condition in the Nanticoke Watershed including Chris Bason, Lori Beasley, Stephanie Blades, David Bliel, Griff Gilbert, Pat Groller, Jeff Lin, Bill Reybold, Abby Rokosch, Ted Weber, Christine Whitcraft, and Mike Yarcusko. We also thank Bob Ozretich. Shawn Dekeyser, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments to improve earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 703 EP 712 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.11.011 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 564NE UT WOS:000275220900016 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Garcia-Reyero, N Martinovic, D Mueller, ND Cavallin, JE Durhan, EJ Makynen, EA Jensen, KM Kahl, MD Blake, LS Perkins, EJ Ankley, GT AF Villeneuve, Daniel L. Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Martinovic, Dalma Mueller, Nathaniel D. Cavallin, Jenna E. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Jensen, Kathleen M. Kahl, Michael D. Blake, Lindsey S. Perkins, Edward J. Ankley, Gerald T. TI I. Effects of a dopamine receptor antagonist on fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, reproduction SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Endocrine disruption; Neurotransmitter; Antipsychotic; Neuroendocrine; Gonadotropin-releasing hormone; Fish; Fecundity; Secondary sex characteristics ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASE; SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN; HORMONE; FISH; 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; ENDOCRINOLOGY; KETOCONAZOLE; VINCLOZOLIN; INHIBITION; OVULATION AB Neurotransmitters such as dopamine play an important role in regulating fish reproduction. However, the potential for neuroendocrine active chemicals to disrupt fish reproduction has not been well studied, despite emerging evidence of their discharge into aquatic environments. This study is the first to apply the fathead minnow 21 d reproduction assay developed for the US Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program to evaluate the reproductive toxicity of a model neuroendocrine active chemical, the dopamine 2 receptor antagonist, haloperidol. Continuous exposure to up to 20 mu g haloperidol/L had no significant effects on fathead minnow fecundity, secondary sex characteristics, gonad histology, or plasma steroid and vitellogenin concentrations. The only significant effect observed was an increase in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (cGnRH) transcripts in the male brain. Results suggest that non-lethal concentrations of haloperidol do not directly impair fish reproduction. Potential effects of haloperidol on reproductive behaviors and gene expression were examined in a companion study. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Mueller, Nathaniel D.; Cavallin, Jenna E.; Durhan, Elizabeth J.; Makynen, Elizabeth A.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Kahl, Michael D.; Blake, Lindsey S.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia; Perkins, Edward J.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39108 USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Martinovic, Dalma] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov RI Mueller, Nathaniel/E-5864-2010; OI Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 FU US EPA National Center for Computational Toxicology; US Army Corps of Engineers FX The authors thank Katie J. Greene, Jeffrey D. Brodin, and Leah C. Wehmas for general laboratory assistance and Ann Linnum and Experimental Pathologies Laboratories for assistance with histological analyses. We thank IT Korte and L.W. Touart for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was supported in part by the US EPA National Center for Computational Toxicology and the Army Environmental Quality Program of the US Army Corps of Engineers. The manuscript has been reviewed in accordance with US EPA and US ACE guidelines and approved for publication. Approval does not indicate that the contents reflect the views of either Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 73 IS 4 BP 472 EP 477 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.09.007 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 588VW UT WOS:000277103600002 PM 19783049 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Garcia-Reyero, N Martinovic, D Mueller, ND Cavallin, JE Durhan, EJ Makynen, EA Jensen, KM Kahl, MD Blake, LS Perkins, EJ Ankley, GT AF Villeneuve, Daniel L. Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Martinovic, Dalma Mueller, Nathaniel D. Cavallin, Jenna E. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Jensen, Kathleen M. Kahl, Michael D. Blake, Lindsey S. Perkins, Edward J. Ankley, Gerald T. TI II: Effects of a dopamine receptor antagonist on fathead minnow dominance behavior and ovarian gene expression in the fathead minnow and zebrafish SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Endocrine disruption; Microarray; Species comparison; Neurotransmitter; Purine biosynthesis; Antipsychotic; Toxicogenomics; Neuroendocrine; Ovary; Gonadotropins ID LESCH-NYHAN-DISEASE; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; HUMAN PHARMACEUTICALS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; ANIMAL-MODEL; REPRODUCTION; FISH; SEROTONIN; NEURONS AB Neurotransmitters such as dopamine play an important role in reproductive behaviors and signaling. Neuroendocrine-active chemicals in the environment have potential to interfere with and/or alter these processes. A companion study with the dopamine 2 receptor antagonist, haloperidol, found no evidence of a direct effect of the chemical on fish reproduction. This study considered haloperidol's potential effects on behavior and ovarian gene expression. Male fathead minnows exposed to 50 mu g haloperidol/L for 96 h were found to be significantly more dominant than control males. In terms of molecular signaling, investigated using oligonucleotide microarrays, there was little similarity in the identity and functions of genes differentially expressed in the ovaries of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) versus zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed under the same conditions. Results suggest that non-lethal concentrations of haloperidol do not induce ovarian molecular responses that could serve as biomarkers of exposure to D2R antagonists, but may impact behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Mueller, Nathaniel D.; Cavallin, Jenna E.; Durhan, Elizabeth J.; Makynen, Elizabeth A.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Kahl, Michael D.; Blake, Lindsey S.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia; Perkins, Edward J.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39108 USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Martinovic, Dalma] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov RI Mueller, Nathaniel/E-5864-2010; OI Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 FU US EPA National Center for Computational Toxicology; US Army Corps of Engineers FX The authors thank Katie J. Greene, Jeffrey D. Brodin, and Leah C. Wehmas for general laboratory assistance and Dr. Li Liu for bioinformatic analyses to identify homologous microarray features. We thank J.J. Korte and L.W. Touart for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was supported in part by the US EPA National Center for Computational Toxicology and the Army Environmental Quality Program of the US Army Corps of Engineers. The manuscript has been reviewed in accordance with US EPA and US ACE guidelines and approved for publication. Approval does not indicate that the contents reflect the views of either Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 73 IS 4 BP 478 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.09.018 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 588VW UT WOS:000277103600003 PM 19896709 ER PT J AU Driscoll, SBK McArdle, ME Menzie, CA Reiss, M Steevens, JA AF Driscoll, Susan B. Kane McArdle, Margaret E. Menzie, Charles A. Reiss, Mark Steevens, Jeffery A. TI A framework for using dose as a metric to assess toxicity of fish to PAHs SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Dose; Fish; Sediment; PAH ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; FRESH-WATER; FOOD-WEB; EXPOSURE; GROWTH; BIOACCUMULATION; FLUORANTHENE; BIOMARKER; RESPONSES AB The effects of PAHs on fish have been described in the literature, but the ability to assess risk to juvenile and adult fish from exposure to PAHs the field is currently hindered by the lack of a predictive dose-response exposure model. The goal of this paper is to present a framework that can be used to convert concentrations of PAHs in environmental media (e.g., water, food, and sediment) to a dose metric that is predictive of adverse effects. Examples of toxicity studies that can be considered within the framework are presented. Additional toxicity studies are needed to establish the potency and range of toxic responses to mixtures of PAHs that fish encounter in the environment. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Driscoll, Susan B. Kane; McArdle, Margaret E.; Menzie, Charles A.] Exponent Inc, Maynard, MA 01754 USA. [Reiss, Mark] US EPA, Div Environm Planning & Protect, New York, NY 10007 USA. [Steevens, Jeffery A.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Driscoll, SBK (reprint author), Exponent Inc, 3 Clocktower Pl,Suite 205, Maynard, MA 01754 USA. EM sdriscoll@exponent.com FU US Army Corps of Engineers New York District; US Environmental Protection Agency FX We acknowledge the US Army Corps of Engineers New York District and the US Environmental Protection Agency for sponsoring this research. Permission has been granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this material. The work presented in this paper has been internally reviewed by US EPA, but its publication does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 73 IS 4 BP 486 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.11.004 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 588VW UT WOS:000277103600004 ER PT J AU Flynn, K Haasch, M Shadwick, DS Johnson, R AF Flynn, Kevin Haasch, Mary Shadwick, Doug S. Johnson, Rodney TI Real-time PCR-based prediction of gonad phenotype in medaka SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Endocrine disruption; Bioassay; Intersex; Trenbolone; Histology ID GROWTH PROMOTER 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; FATHEAD MINNOW; REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY; MELENGESTROL ACETATE; TRENBOLONE ACETATE; FISH; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; SPERMATOGENESIS; DIFFERENTIATION AB An important endpoint in aquatic bioassays for potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is the gonadal phenotype of exposed fish, with special interest in intersex and sex-reversed individuals. Traditionally, the assessment of gonad phenotype is done via histology, which involves specialized and time-consuming techniques. The method detailed here increases the efficiency of the analysis by first determining the relative expression of four genes involved in gonad development/maintenance in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), and then by using principal component analysis, assigning a phenotype to each gonad based upon the gene expression data. The gonad phenotype and the sexual genotype, which can be determined in medaka, can then be compared to assess potential adverse effects of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Flynn, Kevin; Haasch, Mary] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div,Natl Res Council, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Shadwick, Doug S.] Comp Sci Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Flynn, K (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div,Natl Res Council, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM flynn.kevin@epa.gov FU USEPA FX The research described in this document has been funded wholly by the USEPA. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 EI 1090-2414 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 73 IS 4 BP 589 EP 594 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.12.010 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 588VW UT WOS:000277103600017 PM 20074805 ER PT J AU Vijay, S DeCarolis, JF Srivastava, RK AF Vijay, Samudra DeCarolis, Joseph F. Srivastava, Ravi K. TI A bottom-up method to develop pollution abatement cost curves for coal-fired utility boilers SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Air pollution control; Nitrogen oxides; Marginal abatement cost curves ID DISTANCE FUNCTION-APPROACH; EMISSION CONTROL; ELECTRIC-POWER; SHADOW PRICES; DERIVATION; SULFUR; SO2 AB This paper illustrates a new method to create supply curves for pollution abatement using boiler-level data that explicitly accounts for technology cost and performance. The Coal Utility Environmental Cost (CUECost) model is used to estimate retrofit costs for five different NO control configurations on a large subset of the existing coal-fired, utility-owned boilers in the US. The resultant data are used to create technology-specific marginal abatement cost curves (MACCs) and also serve as input to an integer linear program, which minimizes system-wide control costs by finding the optimal distribution of NO(x) controls across the modeled boilers under an emission constraint. The result is a single optimized MACC that accounts for detailed, boiler-specific information related to NO(x) retrofits. Because the resultant MACCs do not take into account regional differences in air-quality standards or pre-existing NO(x) controls, the results should not be interpreted as a policy prescription. The general method as well as NO(x)-specific results presented here should be of significant value to modelers and policy analysts who must estimate the costs of pollution reduction. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [DeCarolis, Joseph F.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Vijay, Samudra; Srivastava, Ravi K.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Vijay, Samudra] ORISE, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP DeCarolis, JF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jdecarolis@ncsu.edu RI DeCarolis, Joseph/F-4869-2013; OI DeCarolis, Joseph/0000-0003-4677-4522 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD MAY PY 2010 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2255 EP 2261 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.12.013 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 578JL UT WOS:000276289500023 ER PT J AU Thompson, J Lorber, M Toms, LML Kato, K Calafat, AM Mueller, JF AF Thompson, Jack Lorber, Matthew Toms, Leisa-Maree L. Kato, Kayoko Calafat, Antonia M. Mueller, Jochen F. TI Use of simple pharmacokinetic modeling to characterize exposure of Australians to perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Perfluorooctanoic acid; PFOA; Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; PFOS; Pharmacokinetic modeling; Blood monitoring; Australia ID AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE; POLYFLUOROALKYL CHEMICALS; COMMUNITY EXPOSURE; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; SERUM-LEVELS; PERSPECTIVES; POPULATION; TOXICITY; WORKERS; HEALTH AB Perflurooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) have been used for a variety of applications including fluoropolymer processing, fire-fighting foams and surface treatments since the 1950s. Both PFOS and PFOA are polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs), man-made compounds that are persistent in the environment and humans; some PFCs have shown adverse effects in laboratory animals. Here we describe the application of a simple one compartment pharmacokinetic model to estimate total intakes of PFOA and PFOS for the general population of urban areas on the east coast of Australia. Key parameters for this model include the elimination rate constants and the volume of distribution within the body. A volume of distribution was calibrated for PFOA to a value of 170 ml/kg bw using data from two communities in the United States where the residents' serum concentrations could be assumed to result primarily from a known and characterized source, drinking water contaminated with PFOA by a single fluoropolymer manufacturing facility. For PFOS, a value of 230 ml/kg bw was used, based on adjustment of the PFOA value. Applying measured Australian serum data to the model gave mean standard deviation intake estimates of PFOA of 1.6 +/- 0.3 ng/kg bw/day for males and females >12 years of age combined based on samples collected in 2002-2003 and 1.3 +/- 0.2 ng/kg bw/day based on samples collected in 2006-2007. Mean intakes of PFOS were 2.7 +/- 0.5 ng/kg bw/day for males and females >12 years of age combined based on samples collected in 2002-2003, and 2.4 +/- 0.5 ng/kg bw/day for the 2006-2007 samples. ANOVA analysis was run for PFOA intake and demonstrated significant differences by age group (p = 0.03), sex (p = 0.001) and date of collection (p < 0.001). Estimated intake rates were highest in those aged >60 years, higher in males compared to females, and higher in 2002-2003 compared to 2006-2007. The same results were seen for PFOS intake with significant differences by age group (p<0.001), sex (p = 0.001) and date of collection (p = 0.016). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thompson, Jack; Toms, Leisa-Maree L.; Mueller, Jochen F.] Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. [Lorber, Matthew] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Kato, Kayoko; Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Thompson, J (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. EM jthompson@entox.uq.edu.au RI Mueller, Jochen/C-6241-2008; Thompson, Jack/A-8825-2011; Toms, Leisa-Maree/C-9530-2009; OI Toms, Leisa-Maree/0000-0002-1444-1638; Mueller, Jochen/0000-0002-0000-1973 NR 41 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 36 IS 4 BP 390 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2010.02.008 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 594HE UT WOS:000277526200012 PM 20236705 ER PT J AU Crump, KS Chen, C Chiu, WA Louis, TA Portier, CJ Subramaniam, RP White, PD AF Crump, Kenny S. Chen, Chao Chiu, Weihsueh A. Louis, Thomas A. Portier, Christopher J. Subramaniam, Ravi P. White, Paul D. TI What Role for Biologically Based Dose-Response Models in Estimating Low-Dose Risk? SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biologically based dose response; dose-response model; low-dose risk; risk assessment; two-stage model ID ALTERED LIVER FOCI; LUNG-CANCER; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; FORMALDEHYDE; CARCINOGENESIS; RAT; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; DIETHYLNITROSAMINE; PROBABILITY AB BACKGROUND: Biologically based dose-response (BBDR) models can incorporate data on biological processes at the cellular and molecular level to link external exposure to an adverse effect. Objectives: Our goal was to examine the utility of BBDR models in estimating low-dose risk. METHODS: We reviewed the utility of BBDR models in risk assessment. RESULTS: BBDR models have been used profitably to evaluate proposed mechanisms of toxicity and identify data gaps. However, these models have not improved the reliability of quantitative predictions of low-dose human risk. In this commentary we identify serious impediments to developing BBDR models for this purpose. BBDR models do not eliminate the need for empirical modeling of the relationship between dose and effect, but only move it from the whole organism to a lower level of biological organization. However, in doing this, BBDR models introduce significant new sources of uncertainty. Quantitative inferences are limited by inter- and intraindividual heterogeneity that cannot be eliminated with available or reasonably anticipated experimental techniques. BBDR modeling does not avoid uncertainties in the mechanisms of toxicity relevant to low-level human exposures. Although implementation of BBDR models for low-dose risk estimation have thus far been limited mainly to cancer modeled using a two-stage clonal expansion framework, these problems are expected to be present in all attempts at BBDR modeling. CONCLUSIONS: The problems discussed here appear so intractable that we conclude that BBDR models are unlikely to be fruitful in reducing uncertainty in quantitative estimates of human risk from low-level exposures in the foreseeable future. Use of in vitro data from recent advances in molecular toxicology in BBDR models is not likely to remove these problems and will introduce new issues regarding extrapolation of data from in vitro systems. C1 [Crump, Kenny S.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Chen, Chao; Chiu, Weihsueh A.; Subramaniam, Ravi P.; White, Paul D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Louis, Thomas A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Portier, Christopher J.] NIEHS, NIH, US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Crump, KS (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Railroad Ave,372 GT Madison Hall,POB 10348, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. EM kennycrump@email.com RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010 OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279 FU National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX The work performed by K.S.C. was supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program of the National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 118 IS 5 BP 585 EP 588 DI 10.1289/ehp.0901249 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 598OF UT WOS:000277846800019 PM 20056564 ER PT J AU La Merrill, M Harper, R Birnbaum, LS Cardiff, RD Threadgill, DW AF La Merrill, Michele Harper, Rachel Birnbaum, Linda S. Cardiff, Robert D. Threadgill, David W. TI Maternal Dioxin Exposure Combined with a Diet High in Fat Increases Mammary Cancer Incidence in Mice SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE COMT; CYP1B1; dioxin; high-fat diet; mammary cancer; puberty ID CATECHOL-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; BREAST-CANCER; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; ESTROGEN BIOACTIVATION; GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS; MESSENGER-RNA; RAT; RISK; EXPRESSION AB BACKGROUND: Results from previous studies have suggested that breast cancer risk correlates with total lifetime exposure to estrogens and that early-life 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ( TCDD) exposure or diets high in fat can also increase cancer risk. OBJECTIVES: Because both TCDD and diet affect the estrogen pathway, we examined how TCDD and a high-fat diet (HFD) interact to alter breast cancer susceptibility. METHODS: We exposed pregnant female FVB/NJ mice (12.5 days post-coitus) to 1 mu g/kg TCDD or vehicle; at parturition, the dams were randomly assigned to a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD). Female offspring were maintained on the same diets after weaning and were exposed to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene on post-natal days (PNDs) 35, 49, and 63 to initiate mammary tumors. A second cohort of females was treated identically until PND35 or PND49, when mammary gland morphology was examined, or PND50, when mammary gland mRNA was analyzed. RESULTS: We found that maternal TCDD exposure doubled mammary tumor incidence only in mice fed the HFD. Among HFD-fed mice, maternal TCDD exposure caused rapid mammary development with increased Cyp1b1 (cytochrome P450 1B1) expression and decreased Comt (catechol-O-methyltransferase) expression in mammary tissue. Maternal TCDD exposure also increased mammary tumor Cyp1b1 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the HFD increases sensitivity to maternal TCDD exposure, resulting in increased breast cancer incidence, by changing metabolism capability. These results provide a mechanism to explain epidemiological data linking early-life TCDD exposure and diets high in fat to increased risk for breast cancer in humans. C1 [Threadgill, David W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [La Merrill, Michele; Harper, Rachel; Threadgill, David W.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Genet, Ctr Environm & Hlth Susceptibil, Lineberger Canc Ctr,Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] NIEHS, NIH, US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Cardiff, Robert D.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Comparat Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Threadgill, DW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, CB 7614, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM threadgill@ncsu.edu RI Threadgill, David/N-4425-2013 OI Threadgill, David/0000-0003-3538-1635 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [CA105417, CA016086, ES010126]; U.S. Department of Defense [BC050873] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant CA105417 (D.W.T.), NIH center grants CA016086 and ES010126, and U.S. Department of Defense fellowship BC050873 (M.L.M.). NR 62 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 118 IS 5 BP 596 EP 601 DI 10.1289/ehp.0901047 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 598OF UT WOS:000277846800021 PM 20435547 ER PT J AU Avery, CL Mills, KT Williams, R McGraw, KA Poole, C Smith, RL Whitsel, EA AF Avery, Christy L. Mills, Katherine T. Williams, Ronald McGraw, Kathleen A. Poole, Charles Smith, Richard L. Whitsel, Eric A. TI Estimating Error in Using Residential Outdoor PM2.5 Concentrations as Proxies for Personal Exposures: A Meta-analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; measurement error; meta-analysis; PM2.5 ID AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION; PUBLICATION BIAS; ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; RESPIRATORY-DISEASES; INDOOR AIR; PARTICLES; ASSOCIATION; FINE; ARRHYTHMOGENESIS AB BACKGROUND: Studies examining the health effects of particulate matter <= 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) commonly use ambient PM2.5 concentrations measured at distal monitoring sites as proxies for personal exposure and assume spatial homogeneity of ambient PM2.5. An alternative proxy-the residential outdoor PM2.5 concentration measured adjacent to participant homes-has few advantages under this assumption. OBJECTIVES: We systematically reviewed the correlation between residential outdoor PM2.5 and personal PM2.5 ((r) over bar (j)) as a means of comparing the magnitude and sources of measurement error associated with their use as exposure surrogates. METHODS: We searched seven electronic reference databases for studies of the within-participant residential outdoor-personal PM2.5 correlation. RESULTS: The search identified 567 candidate studies, nine of which were abstracted in duplicate, that were published between 1996 and 2008. They represented 329 nonsmoking participants 6-93 years of age in eight U. S. cities, among whom (r) over bar (j) was estimated (median, 0.53; range, 0.25-0.79) based on a median of seven residential outdoor-personal PM2.5 pairs per participant. We found modest evidence of publication bias (symmetric funnel plot; p(Begg) = 0.4; p(Egger) = 0.2); however, we identified evidence of heterogeneity (Cochran's Q-test p = 0.05). Of the 20 characteristics examined, earlier study midpoints, eastern longitudes, older mean age, higher outdoor temperatures, and lower personal-residential outdoor PM2.5 differences were associated with increased within-participant residential outdoor-personal PM2.5 correlations. CONCLUSIONS: These findings were similar to those from a contemporaneous meta-analysis that examined ambient-personal PM2.5 correlations ((r) over barj = median, 0.54; range, 0.09-0.83). Collectively, the meta-analyses suggest that residential outdoor-personal and ambient-personal PM2.5 correlations merit greater consideration when evaluating the potential for bias in studies of PM2.5-mediated health effects. C1 [Avery, Christy L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Bank Amer Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Williams, Ronald] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [McGraw, Kathleen A.] Univ N Carolina, Hlth Sci Lib, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Smith, Richard L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Stat & Operat Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Whitsel, Eric A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. RP Avery, CL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Bank Amer Ctr, 137 E Franklin St,Suite 306, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. EM christy_avery@unc.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01-ES012238, P30-ES10126]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [T32-HL007055] FX This research was supported by grant R01-ES012238 and P30-ES10126 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and by grant T32-HL007055 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. NR 52 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 37 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 118 IS 5 BP 673 EP 678 DI 10.1289/ehp.0901158 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 598OF UT WOS:000277846800033 PM 20075021 ER PT J AU Jusko, TA De Roos, AJ Schwartz, SM Lawrence, BP Palkovicova, L Nemessanyi, T Drobna, B Fabisikova, A Kocan, A Sonneborn, D Jahnova, E Kavanagh, TJ Trnovec, T Hertz-Picciotto, I AF Jusko, Todd A. De Roos, Anneclaire J. Schwartz, Stephen M. Lawrence, B. Paige Palkovicova, Lubica Nemessanyi, Tomas Drobna, Beata Fabisikova, Anna Kocan, Anton Sonneborn, Dean Jahnova, Eva Kavanagh, Terrance J. Trnovec, Tomas Hertz-Picciotto, Irva TI A cohort study of developmental polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in relation to post-vaccination antibody response at 6-months of age SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE B-cell; Directed acyclic graph; Slovakia; Roma; Epidemiology; Biomarker; Infant ID TETANUS TOXOID CONJUGATE; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; EASTERN SLOVAKIA; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; MATERNAL IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNE FUNCTION; INFANTS; SERUM; IMMUNOTOXICITY; CHILDREN AB Background: Extensive experimental data in animals indicate that exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during pregnancy leads to changes in offspring immune function during the postnatal period. Whether developmental PCB exposure influences immunologic development in humans has received little study. Methods: The study population was 384 mother-infant pairs recruited from two districts of eastern Slovakia for whom prospectively collected maternal, cord, and 6-month infant blood specimens were available. Several PCB congeners were measured in maternal, cord, and 6-month infant sera by high-resolution gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Concentrations of IgG-specific anti-haemophilus influenzae type b, tetanus toxoid, and diphtheria toxoid were assayed in 6-month infant sera using ELISA methods. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the relation between maternal, cord, and 6-month infant PCB concentrations and the antibody concentrations evaluated at 6-months of age. Results: Overall, there was little evidence of an association between infant antibody concentrations and PCB measures during the pre- and early postnatal period. In addition, our results did not show specificity in terms of associations limited to a particular developmental period (e.g. pre- vs. postnatal), a particular antibody, or a particular PCB congener. Conclusions: At the PCB concentrations measured in this cohort, which are high relative to most human populations today, we did not detect an association between maternal or early postnatal PCB exposure and specific antibody responses at 6-months of age. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Jusko, Todd A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Jusko, Todd A.; De Roos, Anneclaire J.; Schwartz, Stephen M.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [De Roos, Anneclaire J.; Schwartz, Stephen M.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Program Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Lawrence, B. Paige] Univ Rochester, Dept Environm Med, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY USA. [Palkovicova, Lubica] Slovak Med Univ, Dept Environm Med, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Nemessanyi, Tomas; Jahnova, Eva] Slovak Med Univ, Dept Immunol & Immunotoxicol, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Drobna, Beata; Fabisikova, Anna; Kocan, Anton; Trnovec, Tomas] Slovak Med Univ, Dept Tox Organ Pollutants, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Sonneborn, Dean; Hertz-Picciotto, Irva] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kavanagh, Terrance J.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Jusko, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, POB 12233,MD A3-05,111 TW Alexander Dr,Rall Bld, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM juskota@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health [T32-ES007262, T32-RR023256, U01-ES016127, R01-CA096525]; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology; US State Department FX This research received support from National Institutes of Health grants T32-ES007262, T32-RR023256, U01-ES016127, and R01-CA096525 and from the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Support was also provided by a dissertation award from the University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology and a Fulbright Grant from the US State Department. This work is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 110 IS 4 BP 388 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2010.02.010 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 589ZC UT WOS:000277191700011 PM 20378105 ER PT J AU Lakind, JS Richardson, SD Blount, BC AF Lakind, Judy S. Richardson, Susan D. Blount, Benjamin C. TI The Good, the Bad, and the Volatile: Can We Have Both Healthy Pools and Healthy People? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDOOR SWIMMING POOLS; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; RECREATIONAL WATER; UNITED-STATES; ASTHMA; RISK; EXPOSURE; CHLOROFORM; SYMPTOMS; CHILDREN C1 [Lakind, Judy S.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, LaKind Associates LLC, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Blount, Benjamin C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lakind, JS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, LaKind Associates LLC, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM lakindassoc@comcast.net FU Research Foundation for Health and Environmental Effects (RFHEE) FX J. L. received support for this manuscript from the Research Foundation for Health and Environmental Effects (RFHEE). RFHEE was not involved in the design, collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; or in the preparation or approval of the manuscript. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. EPA's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. the findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of RFHEE or the official positions of the CDC or the U.S. EPA. NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 9 BP 3205 EP 3210 DI 10.1021/es903241k PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 588JX UT WOS:000277067000005 PM 20222731 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, B Weaver, JW AF Mukherjee, Biplab Weaver, James W. TI Aggregation and Charge Behavior of Metallic and Nonmetallic Nanoparticles in the Presence of Competing Similarly-Charged Inorganic Ions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLLOID AGGREGATION; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; STABILITY; KINETICS; NANOMATERIALS; ENVIRONMENT; FULLERENES; INVERSION; TRANSPORT; SURFACE AB The influence of competing, similarly charged, inorganic ions on the size and charge behavior of suspended titanium-dioxide (nTiO(2)), silver (nAg) and fullerene (nC(60)) nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated. Under pH and ionic conditions similar to natural water bodies, Ca(2+) induced aggregation of nTiO(2) and nAg NPs more strongly than K(+) and Na(divided by). Although K(+) and Na(+) had a similar effect on aggregation, K(+) provided better screening of the particle surface charge presumably because of its small hydrated radius. These effects were decidedly more prominent for TiO(2) than Ag. Anions (co-ions), SO(4)(2-) and Cl(-) affected the surface charge behavior of nTiO(2) but not of nAg NPs. The zeta potential (ZP) of nTiO(2) NPs was more negative at higher SO(4)(2-)/Cl(-) ratios than lower. When Mg(2+) was the counterion, charge inversion and rapid aggregation of nC(60) NPs occurred under alkaline conditions, with a more pronounced effect for Cl(-) than SO(4)(2-). Response dissimilarities suggest fundamental differences in the interfacial-interaction characteristics of these NPs in the aquatic environment with corresponding differences in transport of these particles. Our study also shows the important role played by the iso-electric point pH (pH(iep)) of the NPs in determining their aggregation kinetics in the environment. C1 [Mukherjee, Biplab] US EPA, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Weaver, James W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Mukherjee, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mukherjee.biplab@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA [CR 83323201] FX We thank Carl Issacson and Tantiana Burns (U.S. EPA) and Haijun Qian (Clemson University). This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. U.S. EPA provided Mukherjee's funding under CR 83323201. NR 26 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 6 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 9 BP 3332 EP 3338 DI 10.1021/es903456e PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 588JX UT WOS:000277067000024 PM 20369881 ER PT J AU Carlton, AG Pinder, RW Bhave, PV Pouliot, GA AF Carlton, Annmarie G. Pinder, Robert W. Bhave, Prakash V. Pouliot, George A. TI To What Extent Can Biogenic SOA be Controlled? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; CARBON; MODEL; HYDROCARBONS; OXIDATION; VEHICLES; NOX AB The implicit assumption that biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is natural and can not be controlled hinders effective air quality management. Anthropogenic pollution facilitates transformation of naturally emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the particle phase, enhancing the ambient concentrations of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA). It is therefore conceivable that some portion of ambient biogenic SOA can be removed by controlling emissions of anthropogenic pollutants. Direct measurement of the controllable fraction of biogenic SOA is not possible, but can be estimated through 3-dimensional photochemical air quality modeling. To examine this in detail, 22 CMAQ. model simulations were conducted over the continental U.S. (August 15 to September 4, 2003). The relative contributions of five emitted pollution classes (i.e., NOx, NH3, SOx, reactive non methane carbon (RNMC) and primary carbonaceous particulate matter (PCM)) on biogenic SOA were estimated by removing anthropogenic emissions of these pollutants, one at a time and all together. Model results demonstrate a strong influence of anthropogenic emissions on predicted biogenic SOA concentrations, suggesting more than 50% of biogenic SOA in the eastern U.S. can be controlled. Because biogenic SOA is substantially enhanced by controllable emissions, classification of SOA as biogenic or anthropogenic based solely on VOC origin is not sufficient to describe the controllable fraction. C1 [Carlton, Annmarie G.; Pinder, Robert W.; Bhave, Prakash V.; Pouliot, George A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Carlton, AG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM carlton.annmarie@epa.gov RI Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013; OI Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X; Pouliot, George/0000-0003-3406-4814 NR 41 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 5 U2 101 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 9 BP 3376 EP 3380 DI 10.1021/es903506b PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 588JX UT WOS:000277067000031 PM 20387864 ER PT J AU Bradford, DF Stanley, K McConnell, LL Tallent-Halsell, NG Nash, MS Simonich, SM AF Bradford, David F. Stanley, Kerri McConnell, Laura L. Tallent-Halsell, Nita G. Nash, Maliha S. Simonich, Staci M. TI SPATIAL PATTERNS OF ATMOSPHERICALLY DEPOSITED ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS AT HIGH ELEVATION IN THE SOUTHERN SIERRA NEVADA MOUNTAINS, CALIFORNIA, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Amphibian; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Polychlorinated biphenyl; Pesticide; Tadpole ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; CURRENT-USE PESTICIDES; PASSIVE AIR SAMPLERS; YELLOW-LEGGED FROGS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; CENTRAL VALLEY; NATIONAL-PARK; FISH; TRANSPORT AB Atmospherically deposited contaminants in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California. USA have been implicated as adversely affecting amphibians and fish, yet little is known about the distributions of contaminants within the mountains, particularly at high elevation. The hypothesis that contaminant concentrations in a high-elevation portion of the Sierra Nevada decrease with distance from the adjacent San Joaquin Valley was tested. Air, sediment, and tadpoles were sampled twice at 28 water bodies in 14 dispersed areas in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (2,785-3.375 in elevation; 43-82 km from Valley edge). Up to 15 chemicals were detected frequently in sediment and tadpoles, including current- and historic-use pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Only beta-endosulfan was found frequently in air. Concentrations of all chemicals detected were very low, averaging in the parts-per-billion range or less in sediment and tadpoles, and on the order of 10 pg/m(3) for beta-endosullan in air. Principal components analysis indicated that chemical compositions were generally similar among sites. suggesting that chemical transport patterns were likewise similar among sites. In contrast, transport processes did not appear to strongly influence concentration differences among sites, because variation in concentrations among nearby sites was high relative to sites far from each other. Moreover, a general relationship for concentrations as a function of distance from the valley was not evident across chemical, medium, and time. Nevertheless. concentrations for some chemical/medium/time combinations showed significant negative relationships with metrics for distance from the Valley. However, the magnitude of these distance effects among high-elevation sites was small relative to differences found in other studies between the valley edge and the nearest high-elevation sites. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1056-1066. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Bradford, David F.; Tallent-Halsell, Nita G.; Nash, Maliha S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Stanley, Kerri; Simonich, Staci M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McConnell, Laura L.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Simonich, Staci M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bradford, DF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM bradford.david@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), National Park Service [DW14989008]; U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES00210] FX The authors are grateful to Joanna Christion and Amanda Marusich of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) for meticulously conducting much of the field sampling, and to Harold Werner, Danny Boiano, and Annie Esperanza also of SEKI for facilitating the project in many ways. The authors also thank Hassan Basagic, Chad Cross, Rebecca Rising, Krystal Ward, and Carrie Vernon and other members of the SEKI helicopter crew for considerable help. We are grateful to Roland Knapp for sharing results for wetland/amphibian field surveys, Donald Sparling for providing tadpole staging data, and Carlos Davidson for discussing the project. James Seiber, Thomas Cahill, Walter Jarman, and Lara Hansen reviewed the research plan for the project, and Paula Allen, Deborah Chaloud, and Donald Spading provided comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. The research described herein was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) through Interagency Agreement DW14989008 with the National Park Service, and the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grant P30ES00210). The article has been approved for publication by the U.S. EPA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1056 EP 1066 DI 10.1002/etc.139 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 598NJ UT WOS:000277844200007 PM 20821540 ER PT J AU Keene, M Blumstein, DT AF Keene, Matt Blumstein, Daniel T. TI Environmental education: A time of change, a time for change SO EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING LA English DT Article ID RESTORATION PROJECTS; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION AB We join the authors in this special issue in their call to embrace a culture of evaluation. Obstacles to change are formidable. Educators debate their purpose - provide knowledge or achieve environmental goals - and we have limited evidence of the effectiveness of environmental programs and policies. Change requires collaboration across organizations and disciplines, targeted capacity building, and building systems of assessment into programs that enable more sophisticated evaluations. As in other fields, an evidence-based movement will increase the credibility and effectiveness of environmental education. A culture of evaluation offers educators a solid platform to collaboratively and efficiently achieve society's environmental goals. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Keene, Matt] US EPA, Evaluat Support Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Blumstein, Daniel T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Keene, M (reprint author), US EPA, Evaluat Support Div, 1200 Penn Ave,NW 1807T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM keene.matt@epa.gov; marmots@ucla.edu RI Blumstein, Daniel/B-6199-2012; OI Blumstein, Daniel/0000-0001-5793-9244 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-7189 J9 EVAL PROGRAM PLANN JI Eval. Program Plan. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 33 IS 2 BP 201 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2009.07.014 PG 4 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 561TX UT WOS:000275003200020 PM 19733396 ER PT J AU Hill, BH McCormick, FH Harvey, BC Johnson, SL Warren, ML Elonen, CM AF Hill, Brian H. McCormick, Frank H. Harvey, Bret C. Johnson, Sherri L. Warren, Melvin L. Elonen, Colleen M. TI Microbial enzyme activity, nutrient uptake and nutrient limitation in forested streams SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbial enzymes; nutrient uptake and limitation; streams ID TRANSPORT SYSTEM ACTIVITY; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; ADDITION EXPERIMENTS; TRANSIENT STORAGE; RIVERINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; TEMPORAL VARIATION; PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE; WETLAND SOILS; ORGANIC C; RETENTION AB 1. We measured NH(4)(+) and PO(4)(- 3) uptake length (S(w)), uptake velocity (V(f)), uptake rate (U), biofilm respiration and enzyme activity and channel geomorphology in streams draining forested catchments in the northwestern (Northern California Coast Range and Cascade Mountains) and southeastern (Appalachian and Ouachita mountains) regions of the United States. Our goal was to use measures of biofilm enzyme activity and nutrient uptake to assess nutrient limitation in forested streams across broad regional scales. 2. Geomorphological attributes, biofilm enzyme activity and NH(4)(+) uptake were significantly different among streams in the four study units. There was no study unit effect on PO(4)(-3) uptake. The proportion of the stream channel in pools, % woody debris, % canopy closure, median substrate size (d(50)), stream width (w), stream velocity (v), discharge (Q), dispersion coefficient (D) and transient storage (A(s)/A) were correlated with biofilm enzyme activity and nutrient uptake in some study units. 3. Canonical correlation analyses across study units revealed significant correlations of NH(4)-V(f) and PO(4)-V(f) with geomorphological attributes (w, d(50), D, % woody debris, channel slope and % pools) and biofilm phosphatase activity. 4. The results did not support our expectation that carbon processing rates by biofilm microbial assemblages would be governed by stream nutrient availability or that resulting biofilm enzyme activity would be an indicator of nutrient uptake. However, the relative abundances of peptidases, phosphatase and glycosidases did yield insight into potential N-, P-and C-limitation of stream biofilm assemblages, and our use of biofilm enzyme activity represents a novel application for understanding nutrient limitations in forested streams. 5. Regressions of V(f) and U against ambient NH(4)(+) and PO(4)(-3) indicated that none of our study streams was either NH(4)(+) or PO(4)(-3) saturated. The Appalachian, Ouachita and Coastal streams showed evidence of NH(4)(+) limitation; the Ouachita and Coastal streams were PO(4)(-3) limited. As a correlate of nutrient limitation and saturation in streams, ratios of total aminopeptidase and phosphatase activities and the ratio of NH4-u to PO(4)-u indicate these forested streams are predominantly N-limited, with only the streams draining Ouachita and Coastal catchments demonstrating appreciable levels of P-limitation. C1 [Hill, Brian H.; Elonen, Colleen M.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [McCormick, Frank H.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. [Harvey, Bret C.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA USA. [Johnson, Sherri L.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. [Warren, Melvin L.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Oxford, MS USA. RP Hill, BH (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM hill.brian@epa.gov RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research; Ouachita Mountains Ecosystem Management Research; Large-scale Research; Southern Research Station; U.S. Forest Service FX The authors wish to thank Alan Clingenpeel (Ouachita National Forest) and Jami Nettles (Weyerhaeuser Corporation) for numerous courtesies and the Weyerhaeuser Corporation and Green Diamond Resource Company for access to streams on their land. We are indebted to our field crews: Appalachians-Nathan Stover (U.S. Forest Service, Southern Research Station); Ouachitas-Mike Carpenter, Clifford Harwell, Gordon McWhirter, Jay Swofford, Jim Whiteside (US Forest Service, Southern Research Station) and Gary Miller (Weyerhaeuser Corporation); Coastal-Rodney Nakamoto and Jason White (U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station); and Cascades - Alex Stocker, Emily Hill and Seth White (U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station). Funding for this research was provided to the U.S. Forest Service by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Additional support was provided from the Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research and Ouachita Mountains Ecosystem Management Research Project, Large-scale Research, Southern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service. This document has been reviewed by the U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, NationalHealth and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 65 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1005 EP 1019 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02337.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 583EF UT WOS:000276655200007 ER PT J AU Chung, YJ Copeland, LB Doerfler, DL Ward, MDW AF Chung, Yong Joo Copeland, Lisa B. Doerfler, Donald L. Ward, Marsha D. W. TI The relative allergenicity of Stachybotrys chartarum compared to house dust mite extracts in a mouse model SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allergy; house dust mite; mold; mouse model; Stachybotrys chartarum ID NEUTROPHILIC INFLAMMATION; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; ALLERGIC RESPONSES; DETERGENT ENZYMES; BALB/C MICE; ASTHMA; SENSITIZATION; EXPOSURE; FUNGI; ACTIVATION AB A report by the Institute of Medicine suggested that more research is needed to better understand mold effects on allergic disease, particularly asthma development. The authors compared the ability of the fungus Stachybotrys chartarum (SCE) and house dust mite (HDM) extracts to induce allergic responses in BALB/c mice. The extracts were administered by intratracheal aspiration (IA) at several doses (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mu g) 4 times over a 4-week period. Three days after the last IA exposure, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected. The relative allergenicity of the extracts was evaluated based on the lowest dose that induced a significant response compared to control (0 mu g) and the linear regression slope analysis across the dose range. SCE induced a more robust response than HDM for BALF some inflammatory cells (macrophage and neutrophils), whereas HDM induced more robust BALF lymphocyte and eosinophil responses. Although SCE induced a more robust serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) response than did HDM, the induction of a similar response in a functional, antigen-specific IgE assay required approximately twice as much SCE as HDM. Even though SCE demonstrates the ability to induce allergic responses in the mouse model, considering the importance and relevance of eosinophil, lymphocyte, and antigen-specific IgE in allergic airway disease, it is concluded that HDM is more potent than SCE in the induction of allergic responses. These data suggest a threshold dose for SCE allergy induction. Furthermore, in damp water-damaged environments, exposure to S. chartarum might easily exceed the sensitization threshold for a susceptible population. C1 [Ward, Marsha D. W.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Cardiopulmonary & Immunotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ward, MDW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Cardiopulmonary & Immunotoxicol Branch, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ward.marsha@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described in this paper. It has been reviewed in accordance with the Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 22 IS 6 BP 460 EP 468 DI 10.3109/08958370903380712 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 633VR UT WOS:000280535400003 PM 20235799 ER PT J AU Potting, J Curran, MA von Blottnitz, H AF Potting, Jose Curran, Mary Ann von Blottnitz, Harro TI From life cycle talking to taking action SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Life cycle assessment; Life cycle management; Conference; Sustainability; Social impacts AB The biannual Life Cycle Management conference series aims to create a platform for users and developers of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and related tools to share their experiences. A key concern of the LCM community has been to move beyond the production of LCA reports toward using the developed knowledge. This paper reports and evaluates some of the main outcomes of the 4th International Life Cycle Management Conference (LCM 2009). Conference focus: While the focus of the conference was LCM, LCA remains a main analytical tool for supporting LCM. This is clearly shown by the overall program in which roughly half of the contributions focused on or used LCA. Some products and resources and environmental themes were markedly represented in the presentation subjects. Conference participation: The 180 delegates included 40 South Africans, 20 from other African countries, and 140 from as far afield as Brazil, Sweden, Japan, and Australia. The surveyable number of delegates and conference rooms, in combination with the well-balanced scientific and social program, facilitated optimal professional exchange and discussion. Conference structure: LCM 2009 featured some 140 contributions from 47 leading environmental practitioners, consultants, and academic researchers. The interactive conference format included three plenary sessions and training workshops. LCM 2009 successfully engaged with the critical questions of what it means to manage (not merely shift) the environmental and social impacts of global economic activity, what this entails for industry and public services in emerging economies, and how supply chains, networks, and partnerships can be stimulated and managed to deliver truly sustainable practice. C1 [Curran, Mary Ann] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Potting, Jose] Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [von Blottnitz, Harro] Univ Cape Town, Dept Chem Engn, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Curran, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM jose.potting@wur.nl; curran.maryann@epa.gov; Harro.VonBlottnitz@uct.ac.za NR 4 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0948-3349 J9 INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS JI Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 15 IS 4 BP 326 EP 329 DI 10.1007/s11367-010-0167-4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 584BM UT WOS:000276725000002 ER PT J AU Clark, RM Yang, YJ Impellitteri, CA Haught, RC Schupp, DA Panguluri, S Krishnan, ER AF Clark, Robert M. Yang, Y. Jeffrey Impellitteri, Christopher A. Haught, Roy C. Schupp, Donald A. Panguluri, Srinivas Krishnan, E. Radha TI Chlorine fate and transport in distribution systems: Experimental and modeling studies SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; FORMATION KINETICS; IRON RELEASE; DECAY; PIPE; DEMAND AB It has become generally accepted that water quality can deteriorate in a distribution system through microbiological and chemical reactions in the bulk phase and/or at the pipe wall. A serious aspect of water quality deterioration in a network is the loss of the disinfectant residual that can weaken the barrier against microbial contamination. The purpose of this study was to address the loss of free chlorine in corroded metal and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes subject to changes in velocity. The study demonstrated that in older unlined metal pipes, chlorine residuals disappear rapidly with increased velocity but remain stable in PVC pipe. It is clear from the experiments reported in this article that there are differences between the wall demand characteristics of unlined metallic and PVC pipe and that these differences have regulatory implications. The authors also found that although distribution system modeling is an important activity that should be maintained and even expanded, no model is perfect and utilities must maintain a carefully constructed calibration program when models are used. C1 [Clark, Robert M.; Haught, Roy C.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Schupp, Donald A.; Panguluri, Srinivas; Krishnan, E. Radha] Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Clark, RM (reprint author), 9627 Lansford Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA. EM rmclark@fuse.net FU USEPA FX The USEPA, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed or partially funded and collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to USEPA's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USEPA; therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation for use. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 102 IS 5 BP 144 EP + PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 603WN UT WOS:000278238900017 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, JW Free, ME Li, ZW Andrews, LN Nakano, H Cook, DN AF Hollingsworth, John W. Free, Meghan E. Li, Zhuowei Andrews, Laura Novack Nakano, Hideki Cook, Donald N. TI Ozone activates pulmonary dendritic cells and promotes allergic sensitization through a Toll-like receptor 4-dependent mechanism SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ANTIGEN; IL-10; B7-1; MICE C1 [Hollingsworth, John W.; Li, Zhuowei] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Free, Meghan E.; Andrews, Laura Novack; Nakano, Hideki; Cook, Donald N.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hollingsworth, JW (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM cookd@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA ES102025-04]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES16659, ES16126, R01 ES016126, R21 ES016659] NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 125 IS 5 BP 1167 EP 1170 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.03.001 PG 4 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 596LO UT WOS:000277686700033 PM 20394980 ER PT J AU Phillips, T Burns, A McManus, K Bontoyan, W AF Phillips, Tommy Burns, Adrian McManus, Kenneth Bontoyan, Warren TI Single-Laboratory Validation of a Method for the Determination of Phenols and Phenates in Disinfectant Formulations by Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING PHENOLS; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; O-PHENYLPHENOL; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POSTHARVEST FUNGICIDES; CITRUS-FRUITS; RESIDUES; THIABENDAZOLE; EXTRACTION AB A single-laboratory validation study was conducted for an LC method using UV detection for the simultaneous determination of the active ingredients o-phenylphenol (OPP), p-tert-amylphenol (PTAP), and o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol (OBPCP) in disinfectant formulations. Samples were extracted, the extracts diluted with acidified methanol, and the active ingredients separated by LC with a gradient mobile phase and quantified by using UV detection at 285 nm. For each active ingredient, the RSD was <= 3.7%, and the intermediate reproducibility was <= 3.4%. The active ingredient content of the spiked samples analyzed in this study ranged from 0.075 to 10.1% for the individual phenol active ingredients. The average recovery ranges were 86.7-104.9, 82.8-115.6, and 91.6-114.7% for the active ingredients OPP, PTAP, and OBPCP, respectively, for the concentration range of 0.075-10.1%. This method, with a relatively short chromatographic run time (about 15 min), proved to be reliable and convenient for analyses of products or samples containing all or a combination of these phenol active ingredients. C1 [Burns, Adrian] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Analyt Chem Branch, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Phillips, Tommy; McManus, Kenneth; Bontoyan, Warren] Maryland Dept Agr, State Chem Sect, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Burns, A (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Analyt Chem Branch, 701 Mapes Rd, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM Burns.Adrian@epamail.epa.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 93 IS 3 BP 1039 EP 1045 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 615MS UT WOS:000279140000042 PM 20629411 ER PT J AU Davidson, CI Hendrickson, CT Matthews, HS Bridges, MW Allen, DT Murphy, CF Allenby, BR Crittenden, JC Austin, S AF Davidson, Cliff I. Hendrickson, Chris T. Matthews, H. Scott Bridges, Michael W. Allen, David T. Murphy, Cynthia F. Allenby, Braden R. Crittenden, John C. Austin, Sharon TI Preparing future engineers for challenges of the 21st century: Sustainable engineering SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE Sustainability; Education; Green engineering; Sustainable engineering; Workshops ID EDUCATION AB The field of engineering is changing rapidly as the growing global population puts added demands on the earth's resources: engineering decisions must now account for limitations in materials and energy as well as the need to reduce discharges of wastes. This means educators must revise courses and curricula so engineering graduates are prepared for the new challenges as practicing engineers. The Center for Sustainable Engineering has been established to help faculty members accommodate such changes through workshops and new educational materials, including a free access website with peer-reviewed materials. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Davidson, Cliff I.; Hendrickson, Chris T.; Matthews, H. Scott] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Davidson, Cliff I.; Matthews, H. Scott] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Bridges, Michael W.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Eberly Ctr Teaching Excellence, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Allen, David T.; Murphy, Cynthia F.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Energy & Environm Resources, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Allenby, Braden R.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Sustainable Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Crittenden, John C.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Austin, Sharon] US EPA, Econ Exposure & Technol Div, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Davidson, CI (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM cliff@cmu.edu; cth@cmu.edu; hsm@cmu.edu; puentes115@gmail.com; allen@che.utexas.edu; cfmurphy@mail.utexas.edu; braden.allenby@asu.edu; john.crittenden@ce.gatech.edu; austin.sharon@epa.gov OI Hendrickson, Chris/0000-0002-9812-3580 FU NSF [DUE-0442618]; EPA [X3-83235101] FX Earlier versions of some of this work were presented at the 2009 American Society of Engineering Education conference [8] and the Indo-US Workshop on Designing Sustainable Products, Services, and Manufacturing Systems [9]. The Center for Sustainable Engineering is funded by NSF Grant DUE-0442618, and by EPA Grant Agreement X3-83235101. Although work in the Center has been funded in part by the EPA, this paper has not been subjected to the Agency's peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The logistics of the workshops were coordinated by Nichole Dwyer, Barbara Bugosh, Andrea Rooney, and Gloria Dadowski. The preparation of this paper was facilitated by Mireille Mobley. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 18 IS 7 SI SI BP 698 EP 701 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.12.021 PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 594ID UT WOS:000277529200013 ER PT J AU Ippolito, JA Barbarick, KA Paschke, MW Brobst, RB AF Ippolito, J. A. Barbarick, K. A. Paschke, M. W. Brobst, R. B. TI Infrequent composted biosolids applications affect semi-arid grassland soils and vegetation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Composted biosolids application; Long-term effects; Metals; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Plant species composition; Short-term effects; Soil carbon ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; AGRICULTURAL LAND; AVAILABILITY AB Monitoring of repeated composted biosolids applications is necessary for improving beneficial reuse program management strategies, because materials will likely be reapplied to the same site at a future point in time. A field trial evaluated a single and a repeated composted biosolids application in terms of long-term (13-14 years) and short-term (2-3 years) effects, respectively, on soil chemistry and plant community in a Colorado semi-arid grassland. Six composted biosolids rates (0, 2.5, 5,10, 21, 30 Mg ha(-1)) were surface applied in a split-plot design study with treatment (increasing compost rates) as the main factor and co-application time (1991, or 1991 and 2002) as the split factor applications. Short- and long-term treatment effects were evident in 2004 and 2005 for soil 0-8 cm depth pH, EC, NO3-N, NH4-N, total N, and AB-DTPA soil Cd, Cu, Mo, Zn, P. and Ba. Soil organic matter increases were still evident 13 and 14 years following composted biosolids application. The repeated composted biosolids application increased soil NO3-N and NH4-N and decreased AB-DTPA extractable Ba as compared to the single composted biosolids application in 2004; differences between short- and long-term applications were less evident in 2005. Increasing biosolids rates resulted in increased native perennial grass cover in 2005. Plant tissue Cu, Mo, Zn, and P concentrations increased, while Ba content decreased depending on specific plant species and year. Overall, the lack of many significant negative effects suggests that short- or long-term composted biosolids application at the rates studied did not adversely affect this semi-arid grassland ecosystem. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ippolito, J. A.] USDA, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Barbarick, K. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dep Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Paschke, M. W.] Colorado State Univ, Dep Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brobst, R. B.] US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Ippolito, JA (reprint author), USDA, NWISRL, 3793 North,3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jim.ippolito@ars.usda.gov RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013; Paschke, Mark/E-3799-2013 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740; Paschke, Mark/0000-0002-6345-5905 FU USDA-ARS; Colorado State University; US EPA Region 8 [CP978001-01]; City of Fort Collins, Colorado FX The USDA-ARS and Colorado State University gratefully acknowledges US EPA Region 8 (Grant #CP978001-01) for its financial, technical, and administrative assistance in funding and managing the project through which this information was discovered. We also thank the City of Fort Collins, Colorado for their continued support of this project. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1123 EP 1130 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.01.004 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 579LT UT WOS:000276372800009 PM 20097468 ER PT J AU Mayer, PM Groffman, PM Striz, EA Kaushal, SS AF Mayer, Paul M. Groffman, Peter M. Striz, Elise A. Kaushal, Sujay S. TI Nitrogen Dynamics at the Groundwater-Surface Water Interface of a Degraded Urban Stream SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; HYPORHEIC ZONE; RIPARIAN BUFFERS; LAND-USE; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; MONTANE STREAMS; LOWLAND STREAMS; NITRATE REMOVAL; N-RETENTION AB Few studies have quantified the impact of urbanization on the biogeochemistry of streams at the groundwater-surface water interface, a zone that may be critical for managing nitrogen transformations We investigated the groundwater ecosystem of Minebank Run. a geomorphically degraded urban stream near Baltimore, Maryland in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Our objectives were to identify the spatial and temporal extent of chemical, microbial, and hydrological factors known to influence denitrification, a microbial process that removes nitrate nitrogen (NO(3)(-)) Measurements of denitrification enzyme activity confirmed that subsurface sediments at Minebank Run, especially those with high concentrations of organic carbon, have the capacity to denitrify NO(3)(-) Levels of NO(3)(-) in groundwater were lower where more dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was available, suggesting that denitrification and removal of NO(3) in groundwater were limited by DOC availability Groundwater NO(3)(-) was highest when groundwater levels were highest, which, in turn, corresponded to high oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), indicative of high groundwater-surface water exchange Stream flow patterns controlled stream bank and bed infiltration and, subsequently, dictated groundwater levels Declines in water levels likely increased subsurface mixing, which led to low ORP conditions that sustained NO(3)(-) removal via denitrification The groundwater-surface water interface is a zone of active nitrogen transformation Management efforts that Increase DOC availability to denitrifiers, reduce stream-flow velocity and flashiness, and increase groundwater residence time will likely improve the nitrogen removal capacity of urban stream channels C1 [Mayer, Paul M.; Striz, Elise A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Mayer, PM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RI Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013; OI Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189; Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU U S Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); Office of Research and Development [829676-01-0]; U S Geological Survey [DW-14-93944801-0]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0423476] FX We are grateful for the invaluable efforts of E. Doheney, USGS, including contributions to field work, data collection, logistics, and study design. R Shedlock was instrumental in initiating this research. We thank K Bates, L Callaway, J Dillow, K Jewell, M McCutchen, M Mount, R Neill, and R Starsoneck for assistance In the field and lab We thank K. Forshay, C Miller, and S Stewart for improving manuscript drafts. We are grateful for the cooperation and assistance of Baltimore County Department of Environmental Protection and Resource Management and to Baltimore County Parks for site access Research funding was provided by U S Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Office of Research and Development to the Institute of Ecosystem Studies through Cooperative Agreement 829676-01-0 and to U S Geological Survey through Interagency Agreement DW-14-93944801-0 This research was also supported by the National Science Foundation Baltimore Long-Term Ecological Research program (DEB-0423476). This manuscript has not been subjected to USEPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the USEPA, and no official endorsement should be inferred NR 94 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 8 U2 77 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 810 EP 823 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0012 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 589EL UT WOS:000277129100006 PM 20400577 ER PT J AU Firestone, M AF Firestone, Michael TI Protecting children from environmental risks throughout each stage of their childhood SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Firestone, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Firestone.Michael@epamail.epa.gov NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 20 IS 3 BP 227 EP 228 DI 10.1038/jes.2010.10 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 586YU UT WOS:000276952700002 PM 20407448 ER PT J AU Hubal, EAC Richard, AM Shah, I Gallagher, J Kavlock, R Blancato, J Edwards, SW AF Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen Richard, Ann M. Shah, Imran Gallagher, Jane Kavlock, Robert Blancato, Jerry Edwards, Stephen W. TI Exposure science and the US EPA National Center for Computational Toxicology SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE exposure modeling; toxicology; bioinformatics; toxicogenomics ID TOXICITY DATA; COMPLEX AB The emerging field of computational toxicology applies mathematical and computer models and molecular biological and chemical approaches to explore both qualitative and quantitative relationships between sources of environmental pollutant exposure and adverse health outcomes. The integration of modern computing with molecular biology and chemistry will allow scientists to better prioritize data, inform decision makers on chemical risk assessments and understand a chemical's progression from the environment to the target tissue within an organism and ultimately to the key steps that trigger an adverse health effect. In this paper, several of the major research activities being sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency's National Center for Computational Toxicology are highlighted. Potential links between research in computational toxicology and human exposure science are identified. As with the traditional approaches for toxicity testing and hazard assessment, exposure science is required to inform design and interpretation of high-throughput assays. In addition, common themes inherent throughout National Center for Computational Toxicology research activities are highlighted for emphasis as exposure science advances into the 21st century. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2010) 20, 231-236; doi:10.1038/jes.2008.70; published online 5 November 2008 C1 [Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen; Richard, Ann M.; Shah, Imran; Kavlock, Robert; Blancato, Jerry] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gallagher, Jane; Edwards, Stephen W.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hubal, EAC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Mail Drop B205-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hubal.elaine@epa.gov OI Blancato, Jerry/0000-0002-7023-5767 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 20 IS 3 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.70 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 586YU UT WOS:000276952700004 ER PT J AU Hecht, AD Miller, CA AF Hecht, Alan D. Miller, C. Andrew TI Perspectives on achieving sustainable energy production and use SO JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article ID BIOFUELS AB The traditional definition of sustainability calls for policies and strategies that meet society's present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Through the 1970 National Environmental Policy Act, U. S. policy formally established the goal of creating and maintaining "conditions under which [humans] and nature can exist in productive harmony, and fulfill the social, economic and other requirements of present and future generations of Americans." However, we have not yet succeeded in making sustainability operational. The long-standing and current debates on setting energy policy, regulating greenhouse gases, and promoting alternate fuels illustrate the complexity of making sustainability operational. Achieving operational sustainability requires three critical elements: advances in science and technology, application of effective government regulations and policies, and green business practices. Not only are these elements necessary, all three must work together across the economy. A key lesson drawn from the history of environmental regulation and especially in the climate debate is that sustainability cannot be advanced without a convergence of government and business interests even when the requisite technology is available. The biofuel system presents an immediate and tangible test case for the successful interaction of these three critical elements. The massive investments in science and technology by both government and industry to develop new feedstocks and conversion methods are showing promise. From a regulatory perspective, existing statutes and new mandates impact all parts of the biofuel supply chain-a complex system involving feedstocks, conversion technologies, transport, storage, handling, and end use. Forward-looking businesses in the biofuel sector are integrating sustainability objectives into their business strategies, such as designing feedstock conversion processes to generate biofuel coproducts that can add substantial revenue. The combination and coordination of such activities have the potential to achieve sustainable biofuel production and to demonstrate the kind of critical approaches that are essential to making sustainability operational in this and other energy sectors. (C) 2010 U.S. Government. [doi: 10.1063/1.3384210] C1 [Hecht, Alan D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Miller, C. Andrew] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hecht, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI Miller, Andrew/C-5777-2011 FU EPA; National Caucus and Center on Black Aged, Inc. FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Edward B. Fallon, Ph.D., a Social Science Analyst in the SEE Program (sponsored by the EPA and the National Caucus and Center on Black Aged, Inc.) for his review and skillful editing of this manuscript. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1941-7012 J9 J RENEW SUSTAIN ENER JI J. Renew. Sustain. Energy PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 2 IS 3 AR 031002 DI 10.1063/1.3384210 PG 12 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 729BS UT WOS:000287923200003 ER PT J AU Garcia, VC Foley, KM Gego, E Holland, DM Rao, ST AF Garcia, Valerie C. Foley, Kristen M. Gego, Edith Holland, David M. Rao, S. Trivikrama TI A Comparison of Statistical Techniques for Combining Modeled and Observed Concentrations to Create High-Resolution Ozone Air Quality Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN-FILTER; METEOROLOGY; CMAQ; EMISSIONS AB Air quality surfaces representing pollutant concentrations across space and time are needed for many applications, including tracking trends and relating air quality to human and ecosystem health. The spatial and temporal characteristics of these surfaces may reveal new information about the associations between emissions, pollution levels, and human exposure and health outcomes that may not have been discernable before. This paper presents four techniques, ranging from simple to complex, to statistically combine observed and modeled daily maximum 8-hr ozone concentrations for a domain covering the greater New York State area for the summer of 2001. Cross-validation results indicate that, for the domain and time period studied, the simpler techniques (additive and multiplicative bias adjustment) perform as well as or better than the more complex techniques. However, the spatial analyses of the resulting ozone concentration surfaces revealed some problems with these simpler techniques in limited areas where the model exhibits difficulty in simulating the complex features such as those observed in the New York City area. C1 [Garcia, Valerie C.; Foley, Kristen M.; Holland, David M.; Rao, S. Trivikrama] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gego, Edith] Gego Associates, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Garcia, Valerie C.] US EPA, Atmospher Exposure Integrat Branch, AMAD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Garcia, VC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD E243-02,79 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM garcia.val@epa.gov NR 25 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 60 IS 5 BP 586 EP 595 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.60.5.586 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 592YS UT WOS:000277418500009 PM 20480858 ER PT J AU Yang, YJ AF Yang, Y. Jeffrey TI Redefine Water Infrastructure Adaptation to a Nonstationary Climate SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Yang, YJ (reprint author), US EPA, MS690,26W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM yang.jeff@epa.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 136 IS 3 BP 297 EP 298 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000068 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 583QJ UT WOS:000276693200001 ER PT J AU McMurray, RG McCurdy, T O'Brien, MA AF McMurray, Robert G. McCurdy, Thomas O'Brien, Meghan A. TI Resting Metabolic Rate And The Metabolic Equivalent (met) SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-College-Sports-Medicine/Inaugural World Congress on Exercise is Medicine CY JUN 05, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 [McMurray, Robert G.; O'Brien, Meghan A.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [McCurdy, Thomas] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM exphys@email.unc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 SU 1 MA 959 BP 117 EP 117 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 759FO UT WOS:000290226300331 ER PT J AU Ross, JA Leavitt, SA AF Ross, Jeffrey A. Leavitt, Sharon A. TI Analysis of the mutations induced by conazole fungicides in vivo SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article ID CPG DINUCLEOTIDES; METHYLATED CPG; MOUSE; SPECTRA; MUTAGENICITY; MICE AB The mouse liver tumorigenic conazole fungicides triadimefon and propiconazole have previously been shown to be in vivo mouse liver mutagens in the Big Blue (TM) transgenic mutation assay when administered in feed at tumorigenic doses, whereas the non-tumorigenic conazole myclobutanil was not mutagenic. DNA sequencing of the mutants recovered from each treatment group as well as from animals receiving control diet was conducted to gain additional insight into the mode of action by which tumorigenic conazoles induce mutations. Relative dinucleotide mutabilities (RDMs) were calculated for each possible dinucleotide in each treatment group and then examined by multivariate statistical analysis techniques. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of RDM values segregated two independent control groups together, along with the non-tumorigen myclobutanil. The two tumorigenic conazoles clustered together in a distinct grouping. Partitioning around mediods of RDM values into two clusters also groups the triadimefon and propiconazole together in one cluster and the two control groups and myclobutanil together in a second cluster. Principal component analysis of these results identifies two components that account for 88.3% of the variability in the points. Taken together, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that propiconazole- and triadimefon-induced mutations do not represent clonal expansion of background mutations and support the hypothesis that they arise from the accumulation of reactive electrophilic metabolic intermediates within the liver in vivo. C1 [Ross, Jeffrey A.; Leavitt, Sharon A.] US EPA, Carcinogenesis Branch, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ross, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Carcinogenesis Branch, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Ross.jeffrey@epa.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010 OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 FU National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory; US Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors wish to thank Ram Ramabhadran, David DeMarini, Stephen Nesnow, Nancy McCarroll and William Ward for their helpful comments on this manuscript. This manuscript has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0267-8357 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD MAY PY 2010 VL 25 IS 3 BP 231 EP 234 DI 10.1093/mutage/gep068 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 590PJ UT WOS:000277238800004 PM 20064898 ER PT J AU Bushnell, PJ Kavlock, RJ Crofton, KM Weiss, B Rice, DC AF Bushnell, Philip J. Kavlock, Robert J. Crofton, Kevin M. Weiss, Bernard Rice, Deborah C. TI Behavioral toxicology in the 21st century: Challenges and opportunities for behavioral scientists Summary of a symposium presented at the annual meeting of the Neurobehavioral Teratology Society, June, 2009 SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxicity testing; Toxicity pathway; Behavioral toxicology; Thyroid hormone pathway; Narcosis pathway; Phthalates; Alternative methods; Risk assessment ID THYROID-HORMONE DISRUPTION; ACUTE TOLUENE EXPOSURE; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; PHTHALATE EXPOSURE; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; INHALED ANESTHETICS; ACUTE NEUROTOXICITY; DOSIMETRIC ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS AB The National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies of Science recently published a report of its vision of toxicity testing in the 21st century. The report proposes that the current toxicity testing paradigm that depends upon whole-animal tests be replaced with a strategy based upon in vitro tests, in silico models and evaluations of toxicity at the human population level. These goals are intended to set in motion changes that will transform risk assessment into a process in which adverse effects on public health are predicted by quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models and data from suites of high-throughput in vitro tests. The potential roles for whole-animal testing in this futuristic vision are both various and undefined. A symposium was convened at the annual meeting of the Neurobehavioral Teratology Society in Rio Grande, Puerto Rico in June, 2009 to discuss the potential challenges and opportunities for behavioral scientists in developing and/or altering this strategy toward the ultimate goal of protecting public health from hazardous chemicals. R. Kavlock described the NRC vision, introduced the concept of the 'toxicity pathway' (a central guiding principle of the NRC vision), and described the current status of an initial implementation this approach with the EPA's ToxCast (R) program. K. Crofton described a pathway based upon disruption of thyroid hormone metabolism during development, including agents, targets, and outcomes linked by this mode of action. P. Bushnell proposed a pathway linking the neural targets and cellular to behavioral effects of acute exposure to organic solvents, whose predictive power is limited by our incomplete understanding of the complex CNS circuitry that mediates the behavioral responses to solvents. B. Weiss cautioned the audience regarding a pathway approach to toxicity testing, using the example of the developmental toxicity of phthalates, whose effects on mammalian sexual differentiation would be difficult to identify based on screening tests in vitro. Finally, D. Rice raised concerns regarding the use of data derived from toxicity screening tests to human health risk assessments. Discussion centered around opportunities and challenges for behavioral toxicologists regarding this impending paradigm shift. Opportunities include: identifying and characterizing toxicity pathways; informing the conditions and limits of extrapolation; addressing issues of susceptibility and variability; providing reality-checks on selected positives and negatives from screens; and performing targeted testing and dose-response assessments of chemicals flagged during screening. Challenges include: predicting behavior using models of complex neurobiological pathways; standardizing study designs and dependent variables to facilitate creation of databases; and managing the cost and efficiency of behavioral assessments. Thus, while progress is being made in approaching the vision of 21st century toxicology, we remain a long way from replacing whole-animal tests; indeed, some animal testing will be essential for the foreseeable future at least. Initial advances will likely provide better prioritization tools so that animal resources are used more efficiently and effectively. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Bushnell, Philip J.] US EPA, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kavlock, Robert J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Weiss, Bernard] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Rice, Deborah C.] Maine Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm & Occupat Hlth Program, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. RP Bushnell, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bushnell.philip@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 FU NIEHS [ES013247, ES015509]; ES01247 FX The organizers thank the Behavioral Toxicology Society for generous travel support and the Neurobehavioral Teratology Society for the opportunity to present this symposium. We also thank Drs. Ed Levin and William Mundy for reviews of a draft of this report. Dr. Weiss was supported in part by NIEHS grants ES013247 and ES015509 to B. Weiss and Center grant ES01247. NR 90 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 EI 1872-9738 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 313 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.02.002 PG 16 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 602XY UT WOS:000278173600001 PM 20171276 ER PT J AU Gilbert, ME MacPhail, R Baldwin, J Moser, VC Chernoff, N AF Gilbert, M. E. MacPhail, R. Baldwin, J. Moser, V. C. Chernoff, N. TI Moderate developmental undernutrition: Impact on growth and cognitive function in youth and old age SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Undernutrition; Prenatal stress; Brain; Cognition; Development; Learning and memory; Neurotoxicity; Obesity; Nutritional programming ID PRENATAL PROTEIN-MALNUTRITION; MORRIS WATER MAZE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; DEVELOPING BRAIN; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; BIRTH-WEIGHT; AGING RAT; FETAL; EXPOSURE; DECLINE AB Low weight at birth is a common adverse developmental effect reported in human populations and animal toxicity studies. Epidemiological evidence links low birth weight to a syndrome of metabolic changes that increase later risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. The present study used a four-treatment cross-over experimental design to evaluate the selective impact of early nutritional deficiency on metabolism and brain function across the lifespan of male Sprague Dawley rats. Undernutrition was induced prenatally by restricting maternal food intake to 50% of ad lib from GD3 to birth. Postnatal undernutrition was induced by fostering pups at birth to naive dams in large (n = 16) litters as opposed to small (n = 8) control litters. Body weights were monitored in the early neonatal period, in early adulthood beginning at 5 months and through to senescence at 21 months of age. In contrast to recent reports, no increase in the prevalence of obesity was seen in animals born to food restricted dams and reared under ad lib feeding conditions. Behavioral tests of locomotion, learning and memory were performed in young, middle-aged, and aged animals. No effects of pre or postnatal nutritional history were detected. Age-dependent reductions in locomotor activity were detected, as well as deficits in spatial learning as measured in the Morris water maze and in context fear conditioning. These findings indicate that moderate fetal undernutrition followed by neonatal adequate nutrition does not appear to lead to obesity or neurological dysfunction in young adulthood or old age. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Gilbert, M. E.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Neurotoxicol Branch MD B105 05, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gilbert, M. E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Baldwin, J.] Meredith Coll, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Gilbert, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Neurotoxicol Branch MD B105 05, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilbert.mary@epa.gov NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 362 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.12.008 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 602XY UT WOS:000278173600006 PM 20045049 ER PT J AU Moon, AF Mueller, GA Zhong, XJ Pedersen, LC AF Moon, Andrea F. Mueller, Geoffrey A. Zhong, Xuejun Pedersen, Lars C. TI A synergistic approach to protein crystallization: Combination of a fixed-arm carrier with surface entropy reduction SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE protein crystallography; surface entropy reduction; carrier-driven crystallization; MBP; fixed-arm; rescue strategy ID MALTOSE-BINDING-PROTEIN; CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; ANGSTROM CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; IN-SITU PROTEOLYSIS; F-V FRAGMENT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COUPLED-RECEPTOR; DRIVEN CRYSTALLIZATION; FUSION PROTEIN; PARACOCCUS-DENITRIFICANS AB Protein crystallographers are often confronted with recalcitrant proteins not readily crystallizable, or which crystallize in problematic forms. A variety of techniques have been used to surmount such obstacles: crystallization using carrier proteins or antibody complexes, chemical modification, surface entropy reduction, proteolytic digestion, and additive screening. Here we present a synergistic approach for successful crystallization of proteins that do not form diffraction quality crystals using conventional methods. This approach combines favorable aspects of carrier-driven crystallization with surface entropy reduction. We have generated a series of maltose binding protein (MBP) fusion constructs containing different surface mutations designed to reduce surface entropy and encourage crystal lattice formation. The MBP advantageously increases protein expression and solubility, and provides a streamlined purification protocol. Using this technique, we have successfully solved the structures of three unrelated proteins that were previously unattainable. This crystallization technique represents a valuable rescue strategy for protein structure solution when conventional methods fail. C1 [Moon, Andrea F.; Mueller, Geoffrey A.; Zhong, Xuejun; Pedersen, Lars C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Pedersen, LC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM pederse2@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) FX Grant sponsors: Research supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). NR 98 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 19 IS 5 BP 901 EP 913 DI 10.1002/pro.368 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 591DP UT WOS:000277279500001 PM 20196072 ER PT J AU Phillips, CL Nickerson, N Risk, D Kayler, ZE Andersen, C Mix, A Bond, BJ AF Phillips, Claire L. Nickerson, Nick Risk, David Kayler, Zachary E. Andersen, Chris Mix, Alan Bond, Barbara J. TI Soil moisture effects on the carbon isotope composition of soil respiration SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID LEAF-RESPIRED CO2; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; TREE PHOTOSYNTHESIS; OAK FOREST; DELTA-C-13; DISCRIMINATION; DIOXIDE; CANOPY; STRESS; EFFLUX AB The carbon isotopic composition (delta(13)C) of recently assimilated plant carbon is known to depend on water-stress, caused either by low soil moisture or by low atmospheric humidity. Air humidity has also been shown to correlate with the delta(13)C of soil respiration, which suggests indirectly that recently fixed photosynthates comprise a substantial component of substrates consumed by soil respiration. However, there are other reasons why the delta(13)CO(2) of soil efflux may change with moisture conditions, which have not received as much attention. Using a combination of greenhouse experiments and modeling, we examined whether moisture can cause changes in fractionation associated with (1) non-steady-state soil CO(2) transport, and (2) heterotrophic soil-respired delta(13)CO(2). In a first experiment, we examined the effects of soil moisture on total respired delta(13)CO(2) by growing Douglas fir seedlings under high and low soil moisture conditions. The measured delta(13)C of soil respiration was 4.7% more enriched in the low-moisture treatment; however, subsequent investigation with an isotopologue-based gas diffusion model suggested that this result was probably influenced by gas transport effects. A second experiment examined the heterotrophic component of soil respiration by incubating plant-free soils, and showed no change in microbial-respired delta(13)CO(2) across a large moisture range. Our results do not rule out the potential influence of recent photosynthates on soil-respired delta(13)CO(2), but they indicate that the expected impacts of photosynthetic discrimination may be similar in direction and magnitude to those from gas transport-related fractionation. Gas transport-related fractionation may operate as an alternative or an additional factor to photosynthetic discrimination to explain moisture-related variation in soil-respired delta(13)CO(2). Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Phillips, Claire L.] Terr Ecosyst Res Associates, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Phillips, Claire L.; Bond, Barbara J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Nickerson, Nick] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Nickerson, Nick; Risk, David] St Francis Xavier Univ, Environm Sci Res Ctr, Antigonish, NS B26 2W5, Canada. [Kayler, Zachary E.] Leibniz Ctr Agr Landscape Res, D-15374 Muncheberg, Germany. [Andersen, Chris] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Mix, Alan] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Phillips, CL (reprint author), Terr Ecosyst Res Associates, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM claire.phillips@teraglobalchange.org FU National Science Foundation [20 DEB-0132737, DEB-0416060]; Richardson Family Fellowship; Richard and Doris Waring; NSERC FX With great fondness and appreciation we acknowledge the memory of Elizabeth W. Sulzman, whose efforts to understand soil fluxes helped stimulate this inquiry. We thank William Rugh and Renee J. Brooks, from the Environmental Protection Agency, for their support in analyzing samples from the second experiment. Andrew Ross from the OSU/COAS Stable Isotope Mass Spectrometer Facility helped analyze samples for the first experiment. Model computation was performed on the Atlantic Computational Excellence Network (ACEnet). Funding was provided in part by the National Science Foundation (Grants 20 DEB-0132737 and DEB-0416060). CP received funding from the Richardson Family Fellowship and the Richard and Doris Waring travel grant. Funding for NN and DR was provided by NSERC. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1271 EP 1280 DI 10.1002/rcm.4511 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 592CM UT WOS:000277352700008 PM 20391598 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, S Conolly, RB Kaminski, NE Thomas, RS Andersen, ME Zhang, Q AF Bhattacharya, Sudin Conolly, Rory B. Kaminski, Norbert E. Thomas, Russell S. Andersen, Melvin E. Zhang, Qiang TI A Bistable Switch Underlying B-Cell Differentiation and Its Disruption by the Environmental Contaminant 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE TCDD; immunotoxicity; bistability; coupled feedback loops; dedifferentiation; cellular reprogramming ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; LIVED PLASMA-CELLS; LYMPHOCYTE TERMINAL DIFFERENTIATION; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; POSITIVE-FEEDBACK; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION; LINEAGE-COMMITMENT; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK AB The differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells upon antigen stimulation, a crucial step in the humoral immune response, is disrupted by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Several key regulatory proteins in the B-cell transcriptional network have been identified, with two coupled mutually repressive feedback loops among the three transcription factors B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6), B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1(Blimp-1), and paired box 5 (Pax5) forming the core of the network. However, the precise mechanisms underlying B-cell differentiation and its disruption by TCDD are not fully understood. Here we show with a computational systems biology model that coupling of the two feedback loops at the Blimp-1 node, through parallel inhibition of Blimp-1 gene activation by Bcl-6 and repression of Blimp-1 gene deactivation by Pax5, can generate a bistable switch capable of directing B cells to differentiate into plasma cells. We also use bifurcation analysis to propose that TCDD may suppress the B-cell to plasma cell differentiation process by raising the threshold dose of antigens such as lipopolysaccharide required to trigger the bistable switch. Our model further predicts that high doses of TCDD may render the switch reversible, thus causing plasma cells to lose immune function and dedifferentiate to a B cell-like state. The immunotoxic implications of these predictions are twofold. First, TCDD and related compounds would disrupt the initiation of the humoral immune response by reducing the proportion of B cells that respond to antigen and differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells. Second, TCDD may also disrupt the maintenance of the immune response by depleting the pool of available plasma cells through dedifferentiation. C1 [Bhattacharya, Sudin; Thomas, Russell S.; Andersen, Melvin E.; Zhang, Qiang] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Div Computat Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Conolly, Rory B.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, NHEERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kaminski, Norbert E.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Bhattacharya, S (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Div Computat Biol, 6 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM sbhattacharya@thehamner.org OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811; Thomas, Russell/0000-0002-2340-0301 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42 ES04911] FX Superfund Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P42 ES04911). NR 120 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 115 IS 1 BP 51 EP 65 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq035 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 584HN UT WOS:000276742200006 PM 20123757 ER PT J AU Luke, NS Sams, R DeVito, MJ Conolly, RB El-Masri, HA AF Luke, Nicholas S. Sams, Reeder, II DeVito, Michael J. Conolly, Rory B. El-Masri, Hisham A. TI Development of a Quantitative Model Incorporating Key Events in a Hepatotoxic Mode of Action to Predict Tumor Incidence SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE quantitative modeling; risk assessment; mode of action ID DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; CANCER-RISK ASSESSMENT; INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; INHALATION EXPOSURE; CHRONIC TOXICITY; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; CHLOROFORM INHALATION; DEPENDENT TRANSITIONS AB Biologically based dose-response (BBDR) modeling of environmental pollutants can be utilized to inform the mode of action (MOA) by which compounds elicit adverse health effects. Chemicals that produce tumors are typically labeled as either genotoxic or nongenotoxic. Though both the genotoxic and the nongenotoxic MOA may be operative as a function of dose, it is important to note that the label informs but does not define a MOA. One commonly proposed MOA for nongenotoxic carcinogens is characterized by the key events cytotoxicity and regenerative proliferation. The increased division rate associated with such proliferation can cause an increase in the probability of mutations, which may result in tumor formation. We included these steps in a generalized computational pharmacodynamic (PD) model incorporating cytotoxicity as a MOA for three carcinogens (chloroform, CHCl(3); carbon tetrachloride, CCL(4); and N,N-dimethylformamide, DMF). For each compound, the BBDR model is composed of a chemical-specific physiologically based pharmacokinetic model linked to a PD model of cytotoxicity and cellular proliferation. The rate of proliferation is then linked to a clonal growth model to predict tumor incidences. Comparisons of the BBDR simulations and parameterizations across chemicals suggested that significant variation among the models for the three chemicals arises in a few parameters expected to be chemical specific (such as metabolism and cellular injury rate constants). Optimization of model parameters to tumor data for CCL(4) and DMF resulted in similar estimates for all parameters related to cytotoxicity and tumor incidences. However, optimization of the CHCl(3) data resulted in a higher estimate for one parameter (BD) related to death of initiated cells. This implies that additional steps beyond cytotoxicity leading to induced cellular proliferation can be quantitatively different among chemicals that share cytotoxicity as a hypothesized carcinogenic MOA. C1 [Conolly, Rory B.; El-Masri, Hisham A.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Luke, Nicholas S.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Math, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Sams, Reeder, II] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [DeVito, Michael J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP El-Masri, HA (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Drop B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM el-masri.hisham@epa.gov NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 115 IS 1 BP 253 EP 266 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq021 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 584HN UT WOS:000276742200023 PM 20106946 ER PT J AU Evans, MV Caldwell, JC AF Evans, M. V. Caldwell, J. C. TI Evaluation of two different metabolic hypotheses for dichloromethane toxicity using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling for in vivo inhalation gas uptake data exposure in female B6C3F1 mice SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model; DCM; Dichloromethane; Methylene chloride; Metabolism; Atypical CYP kinetics ID ATYPICAL CYTOCHROME-P450 KINETICS; 2-YEAR DRINKING-WATER; METHYLENE-CHLORIDE; REVISED ASSESSMENT; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CANCER-RISK; RATS; GLUTATHIONE; VITRO; DIHALOMETHANES AB Dichloromethane (DCM, methylene chloride) is a lipophilic volatile compound readily absorbed and then metabolized to several metabolites that may lead to chronic toxicity in different target organs. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are useful tools for calculation of internal and target organ doses of parent compound and metabolites. PBPK models, coupled with in vivo inhalation gas-uptake data, can be useful to estimate total metabolism. Previously, such an approach was used to make predictions regarding the metabolism and to make subsequent inferences of DCM's mode of action for toxicity. However, current evidence warrants re-examination of this approach. The goal of this work was to examine two different hypotheses for DCM metabolism in mice. One hypothesis describes two metabolic pathways: one involving cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and a second glutathione (GSH). The second metabolic hypothesis describes only one pathway mediated by CYP2E1 that includes multiple binding sites. The results of our analysis show that the in vivo gas-uptake data fit both hypotheses well and the traditional analysis of the chamber concentration data is not sufficient to distinguish between them. Gas-uptake data were re-analyzed by construction of a velocity plot as a function of increasing DCM initial concentration. The velocity (slope) analysis revealed that there are two substantially different phases in velocity, one rate for lower exposures and a different rate for higher exposures. The concept of a "metabolic switch," namely that due to conformational changes in the enzyme after one site is occupied - a different metabolic rate is seen - is also consistent with the experimental data. Our analyses raise questions concerning the importance of GSH metabolism for DCM. Recent research results also question the importance of this pathway in the toxicity of DCM. GSH-related DNA adducts were not formed after in vivo DCM exposure in mice and DCM-induced DNA damage has been detected in human lung cultures without GSH metabolism. In summary, a revised/updated metabolic hypothesis for DCM has been examined using in vivo inhalation data in mice combined with PBPK modeling that is consistent with up-to-date models of the active site for CYP2E1 and suggests that this pathway is the major metabolizing pathway for DCM metabolism. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Evans, M. V.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Caldwell, J. C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Evans, MV (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM evans.marina@epa.gov NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 244 IS 3 BP 280 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2010.01.018 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 583UM UT WOS:000276705400005 PM 20153349 ER PT J AU de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD Westrick, J AF de la Cruz, Armah A. Dionysiou, Dionysios (Dion) D. Westrick, Judy TI Overview: Harmful algal blooms and natural toxins in fresh and marine waters - Exposure, occurrence, detection, toxicity, control, management and policy SO TOXICON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Dionysiou, Dionysios (Dion) D.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD MAY PY 2010 VL 55 IS 5 SI SI BP 907 EP 908 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.12.024 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 580GQ UT WOS:000276436400001 ER PT J AU McFarland, MJ Vasquez, IR Vutran, M Schmitz, M Brobst, RB AF McFarland, Michael J. Vasquez, Issaak Romero Vutran, MaiAnh Schmitz, Mark Brobst, Robert B. TI Use of Biosolids to Enhance Rangeland Forage Quality SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rangelands; biosolids; invasive species ID FOREST-FIRE; PLANT AB Biosolids land application was demonstrated to be a potentially cost-effective means for restoring forage productivity and enhancing soil-moisture-holding capacity on disturbed rangelands. By land-applying aerobically digested, anaerobically digested, composted, and lime-stabilized biosolids on rangeland test plots at rates of up to 20 times (20X) the estimated nitrogen-based agronomic rate, forage yields were found to increase from 132.8 kg/ha (118.2 lb/ac) ( control plots) to 1182.3 kg/ha (1052.8 lb/ac). Despite the environmental benefits associated with increased forage yield (e.g., reduced soil erosion, improved drainage, and enhanced terrestrial carbon sequestration), the type of forage generated both before and after biosolids land application was found to be dominated by invasive weeds, all of which were characterized as having fair to poor nutritional value. Opportunistic and shallow rooting invasive weeds not only have marginal nutritional value, they also limit the establishment of native perennial grasses and thus biodiversity. Many of the identified invasive species (e.g., Cheatgrass) mature early, a characteristic that significantly increases the fuel loads that support the increased frequency and extent of western wildfires. Water Environ. Res., 82, 455 ( 2010). C1 [McFarland, Michael J.; Vasquez, Issaak Romero; Vutran, MaiAnh] Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Brobst, Robert B.] US EPA, Denver, CO USA. [Schmitz, Mark] State Utah Dept Environm Qual, Div Water Qual, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP McFarland, MJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1405 Mt Logan Dr, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM farlandm@msn.com FU U.S. EPA Region 8 (Denver, Colorado); State of Utah Division of Water Quality (Salt Lake City, Utah); Utah Water Research Laboratory (Utah State University, Logan, Utah) FX The authors thank the following individuals for their support in planning and implementing the biosolids field demonstration program: Leland Myers (Central Davis Wastewater Treatment Plant, Kaysville, Utah), Reed Fisher (Central Valley Wastewater Treatment Plant, Salt Lake City, Utah), Dan Olson (Tooele Wastewater Treatment Plant, Tooele, Utah), Randy Cassidy and Todd Thackery (Ensign Ranches, Inc., Tooele County, Utah), and Mike Sharp (Parker Agricultural Services, LLC, Fort Collins, Colorado). The authors also acknowledge the graduate student financial support received by U.S. EPA Region 8 (Denver, Colorado), State of Utah Division of Water Quality (Salt Lake City, Utah), and the Utah Water Research Laboratory (Utah State University, Logan, Utah). NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 82 IS 5 BP 455 EP 461 DI 10.2175/106143009X12529484815872 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 585AY UT WOS:000276797900010 PM 20480767 ER PT J AU Faulkner, BR Olivas, Y Ware, MW Roberts, MG Groves, JF Bates, KS McCarty, SL AF Faulkner, Barton R. Olivas, Yolanda Ware, Michael W. Roberts, Michael G. Groves, Justin F. Bates, Kelly S. McCarty, Stephanie L. TI Removal efficiencies and attachment coefficients for Cryptosporidium in sandy alluvial riverbank sediment SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Colloid filtration theory; Riverbank filtration; Transport modeling; Colloid straining ID PARVUM OOCYSTS; POROUS-MEDIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSPORT; FILTRATION; SOIL; MOVEMENT; TIME; TEMPERATURE; DEPOSITION AB Riverbank filtration has been shown to be effective for removing viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Drinking water systems that employ riverbank filtration may receive additional treatment credits beyond that which they can obtain using traditional engineering approaches. In order to develop guidance for removal effectiveness, screening level predictive modeling by colloid filtration theory combined with advection and dispersion modeling is potentially useful. Currently, only few studies have measured basic effective colloid filtration parameters for Cryptosporidium oocysts with naturally occurring riverbank sediments. In the focus of this study we conducted flow column experiments in triplicate and measured effective attachment rate coefficients for sandy river sediments of the Southern Great Plains which are low in organic matter. We found that for sediment sampled from these high-energy rivers there was no apparent dependency of C. parvum removal with carbon content, bacterial colony forming units, or with gross texture properties of the sands. The differences in particle size distribution for the sediments suggested that straining did not play a role in removal efficiency. First-order colloid attachment rate coefficients followed lognormal distribution functions. The coefficients also appeared to be unrelated to the differences in particle size distributions of the sediments, bacterial counts, or levels of total carbon or total organic carbon. Using Monte Carlo analyses, the lowest observed 5th percentile was 8.0 x 10(-6) min(-1) and the highest observed 95th percentile was 1.6 x 10(-3). Total logio removals ranged from 23 to 200 m(-3). These results have application for screening level colloid filtration modeling of riverbank filtration in these systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Faulkner, Barton R.; Roberts, Michael G.; Groves, Justin F.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Olivas, Yolanda] Dept Publ Hlth, El Paso, TX 79905 USA. [Ware, Michael W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Bates, Kelly S.] Shaw Environm Inc, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [McCarty, Stephanie L.] E Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Faulkner, BR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM faulkner.bart@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors thank Dr. Phil Berger of the USEPA Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water for his encouragement in our implementing this work. The authors thank Russell Neill, USEPA-NRMRL, who conducted sediment core collection. Thanks are also extended to William Holmes, University of California, Davis, Stable Isotope Lab. We thank Michael Brooks, Susan Mravik, and Ann Azadpour-Keeley, USEPA/ORD, Ada, Oklahoma, for their helpful suggestions and input. We also especially thank two anonymous reviewers whose thoughtful reviews led to a greatly improved manuscript. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2725 EP 2734 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2010.02.001 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 599AK UT WOS:000277882000004 PM 20347113 ER PT J AU Huang, XM Auinger, P Eberly, S Oakes, D Schwarzschild, M Ascherio, A Mailman, R Chen, HL AF Huang, Xuemei Auinger, Peggy Eberly, Shirley Oakes, David Schwarzschild, Michael Ascherio, Alberto Mailman, Richard Chen, Honglei CA Parkinson Study Grp DATATOP Invest TI Serum Cholesterol as a Predictor of the Rate of Clinical Decline in Parkinson Disease: Results from DATATOP. SO MOVEMENT DISORDERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 24th Annual Symposium on Etiology, Pathogenesis and Treatment of Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders CY MAY 15, 2010 CL Irving, TX C1 [Huang, Xuemei; Mailman, Richard] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, Xuemei] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, Xuemei; Mailman, Richard] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, Xuemei] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, Xuemei] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Kinesiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, Xuemei] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Bioengn, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Auinger, Peggy] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Ctr Human Expt Therapeut, Rochester, NY USA. [Eberly, Shirley; Oakes, David] Univ Rochester, Dept Biostat, Rochester, NY USA. [Schwarzschild, Michael] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Sch Med, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Chen, Honglei] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-3185 J9 MOVEMENT DISORD JI Mov. Disord. PD APR 30 PY 2010 VL 25 IS 6 BP II EP II PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 591OS UT WOS:000277311500035 ER PT J AU Huang, Y Baker, RW Vane, LM AF Huang, Yu Baker, Richard W. Vane, Leland M. TI Low-Energy Distillation-Membrane Separation Process SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PERVAPORATION; DEHYDRATION; RECOVERY; DESIGN AB A low-energy separation process combining distillation and membrane vapor permeation is introduced as an alternative to conventional distillation. The process can be applied to any liquid mixture for which appropriate selective membranes are available. However, in this paper, the discussion is limited to water/organic solvent mixtures using membranes that preferentially permeate water. Such membranes are available. The process is illustrated with two mixtures: ethanol (light component)/water (heavy component) and acetic acid (heavy component)/water (light component) mixtures. In both cases, the combination process reduces the energy consumption of the separation to half that of simple distillation. C1 [Huang, Yu; Baker, Richard W.] Membrane Technol & Res Inc, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Vane, Leland M.] US EPA, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), Membrane Technol & Res Inc, 1360 Willow Rd,Suite 103, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ihuang@mtrinc.com; lee.vane@epa.gov NR 26 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD APR 21 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 8 BP 3760 EP 3768 DI 10.1021/ie901545r PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 581VW UT WOS:000276554200028 ER PT J AU Shank, GC Zepp, RG Vahatalo, A Lee, R Bartels, E AF Shank, G. Christopher Zepp, Richard G. Vahatalo, Anssi Lee, Rosalynn Bartels, Erich TI Photobleaching kinetics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter derived from mangrove leaf litter and floating Sargassum colonies SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CDOM; Photochemistry; Mangroves; Sargassum; Coral reefs; Dissolved inorganic carbon ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; APPARENT QUANTUM YIELD; CARBON-MONOXIDE; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; TROPICAL ESTUARY; EARLY DIAGENESIS; MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION; BACTERIAL METABOLISM; INORGANIC CARBON; ATLANTIC-OCEAN AB We examined the photoreactivity of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) derived from Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) leaf litter and floating Sargassum colonies as these marine plants can be important contributors to coastal and open ocean CDOM pools, respectively. Mangrove and Sargassum CDOM readily degraded when exposed to simulated solar irradiance (CPS SunTest solar simulator exposures). CDOM produced from brown mangrove leaves (representative of substantial senescence) exhibited shorter photobleaching half-lives (a(305) t(1/2)<50 h) than CDOM produced from yellow and orange (early and mid senescence) leaves (a(305) t(1/2)similar to 60-90 h). Mangrove CDOM photobleaching rates were higher in the mid-UVA (a(350)) than in the UVB (a(305)) spectral region. Photobleaching half-lives of Sargassum CDOM were mostly <40 hand more consistent across UVB (a(305)) and UVA (a(350)) wavelengths. Sargassum CDOM photomineralized during simulated solar irradiation producing DIC at rates exceeding 2500 nmol m l(-1) h(-1), indicating that regions of the surface ocean with large concentrations of this plant may provide a strong CO(2) source to the atmosphere. Sargassum CDOM photoreactions also produced CO more efficiently than terrestrial CDOM and much more efficiently than ambient CDOM in the open ocean. Thus, biological production of CDOM may be the rate-limiting step for photoproduction of DIC from Sargassum and other sources in the open ocean. An examination of CDOM photobleaching in Florida Keys coastal waters indicates that one month of summertime solar radiation may substantially increase UVB and UVA exposure to corals in shallow waters (<4 m), especially along the offshore reef tract. But, our results also indicate that when ambient CDOM levels are high, the corals are well-buffered against increases in ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) exposure even after periods of extended CDOM photobleaching. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shank, G. Christopher] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Zepp, Richard G.; Vahatalo, Anssi; Lee, Rosalynn] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Bartels, Erich] Trop Res Lab, Mote Marine Lab, Summerland Key, FL 33042 USA. RP Shank, GC (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM chris.shank@mail.utexas.edu FU National Research Council Research Associates at U.S. EPA, Athens, GA FX We thank Emily White, Ryan Jones, O'Niell Tedrow and Jack Varner for their technical assistance with the studies of Sargassum CDOM. G. C.S. and A.V. acknowledge the funding support as National Research Council Research Associates at U.S. EPA, Athens, GA. R.L. acknowledges her support as an EPA NNEMS Fellow during her studies. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. EPA. NR 69 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD APR 20 PY 2010 VL 119 IS 1-4 BP 162 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2010.01.003 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 597JS UT WOS:000277753700015 ER PT J AU Shank, GC Lee, R Vahatalo, A Zepp, RG Bartels, E AF Shank, G. Christopher Lee, Rosalynn Vahatalo, Anssi Zepp, Richard G. Bartels, Erich TI Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter from mangrove leaf litter and floating Sargassum colonies SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CDOM; Mangroves; Sargassum; Coral reefs; Dissolved organic matter ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TROPICAL ESTUARY; EARLY DIAGENESIS; OCEAN COLOR; PELAGIC SARGASSUM; SOUTHWEST FLORIDA; ATLANTIC BIGHT; NATURAL-WATERS; CDOM AB Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) strongly absorbs solar radiation in the blue-green and serves as the primary attenuator of water column ultraviolet radiation (UV-R). CDOM interferes with remote sensing of ocean chlorophyll and can control UV-R-induced damage to light-sensitive organisms including corals. We used laboratory incubations to evaluate CDOM production from senescing Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) leaf litter (yellow, orange, and brown) and floating Sargassum colonies. Mangroves exist at the land-ocean interface near coral reefs in sub-tropical and tropical regions while floating Sargassum colonies tend to congregate in sub-tropical ocean gyres. CDOM production (similar to 48 h) from mangrove leaves collected during a dry period in June 2004 (0.17 +/- 0.11 m(-1) g(-1) l h(-1)) was lower than production from leaves collected during a wet period in September 2003 (0.57 +/- 0.42 m(-1) g(-1) l h(-1)) suggesting that CDOM production from leaf litter fluctuates in response to environmental factors. CDOM production was greatest for the mid-senescence orange leaves and lowest for the severely senesced brown leaves in both experiments. Along the sub-tropical Florida Keys coral reef ecosystem, the primary source of CDOM is discharge from the shallow seagrass-dominated Florida Bay as evidenced by a strong correlation between field CDOM measurements and previously reported Florida Bay discharge volumes. However, field observations provide evidence that large expanses of red mangroves throughout the Keys could be important CDOM sources to the region's coral reefs during periods of reduced Florida Bay discharge. Floating Sargassum colonies also readily produced CDOM in laboratory incubations, but at much more variable rates than mangrove leaves. However, our calculations indicate that large mats of floating Sargassum could provide important CDOM quantities to oligotrophic oceanic waters including the Gulf of Mexico and North Atlantic. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shank, G. Christopher] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Lee, Rosalynn; Vahatalo, Anssi; Zepp, Richard G.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Bartels, Erich] Trop Res Lab, Mote Marine Lab, Summerland Key, FL 33042 USA. RP Shank, GC (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM chris.shank@mail.utexas.edu FU National Research Council Research Associates at U.S. EPA, Athens GA FX We thank Ryan Jones, O'Niell Tedrow, and Jack Varner for their technical assistance with the studies of Sargassum CDOM. G.C.S. and A. V. acknowledge funding support as National Research Council Research Associates at U.S. EPA, Athens GA. R.L. acknowledges her support as an EPA NNEMS Fellow during her studies. We also appreciate the constructive and thoughtful comments of two anonymous reviewers. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. EPA. NR 58 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 14 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD APR 20 PY 2010 VL 119 IS 1-4 BP 172 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2010.02.002 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 597JS UT WOS:000277753700016 ER PT J AU Lin, BB AF Lin, Brenda B. TI The role of agroforestry in reducing water loss through soil evaporation and crop transpiration in coffee agroecosystems SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Rainfed agriculture; Shade coffee systems; Water availability; Soil evaporation; Crop transpiration; Evaporative demand ID FOOD-PRODUCTION; HYDRAULIC LIFT; USE EFFICIENCY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SYSTEM; MEXICO; AGRICULTURE; TREES; RESOURCES; SECURITY AB With increasing patterns of climate change and variability, water resources for agriculture may become more unpredictable. The possibilities of decreased precipitation and increased competition for water resources will be especially important for farmers who depend on rainfed agriculture. A study of coffee agroforestry systems in Southern Mexico (Chiapas, Mexico) was conducted to examine the ability of shade trees to maintain water availability for the coffee crop in a shade agroecosystem. Soil moisture, soil evaporation rates, and the evaporative transpiration potential of coffee plants were measured to examine the amount of water available to coffee plants and potential amount of water lost by the soil and coffee plants in systems under varying levels of shade cover. Soil evaporation and evaporative demand for crop transpiration were compared in coffee systems under different levels of shade canopy during both the wet season and dry season between July 2004 and June 2005. With 60-80% shade cover, daily soil evaporation rates significantly decreased by 41% compared to the low shade site (10-30% shade), although high levels of soil moisture were maintained in the dry season with only 30-65% shade cover. Coffee transpiration demand was strongly affected by shade cover as shade cover affects microclimate and the radiant energy within the system. Microclimate factors (light, temperature, and air saturation vapor pressure deficit) showed strong correlations to evaporative demand as a result. Shade cover >= 0% showed significant reductions of 32% in evaporative transpiration demand when compared to the low shade site. The presence of shade cover in agroforestry systems is capable of reducing overall evaporative demand from soil evaporation and coffee transpiration, therefore offering a higher level of crop protection for farmers with agricultural vulnerability to reduced water resources. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, Brenda B.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lin, BB (reprint author), US EPA, 2 Potomac Yard N Bldg,2733 S Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM lin.brenda@epa.gov RI Lin, Brenda/A-8834-2011 OI Lin, Brenda/0000-0002-6011-9172 FU David L. Boren Fellowship; Lindbergh Foundation; NSF [DEB-0349388]; University of Michigan FX Thanks to I. Perfecto, J. Vandermeer, L Walters, and P. Richards for their comments on previous drafts. This research was funded by the David L. Boren Fellowship, the Lindbergh Foundation, and NSF grant DEB-0349388. I would like to acknowledge the University of Michigan for additional support, and ECOSUR Tapachula for technical support in Mexico, especially GH Dominguez, OG Lopez-Bautista, JA Garcia-Ballinas, G Ibarra-Nunez, and R. Bello. A special thanks to W. Peters, T. Edelman, and A. Gramlich for the use of their farms in this project. NR 51 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 84 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 150 IS 4 BP 510 EP 518 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.11.010 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 585ZL UT WOS:000276869800002 ER PT J AU Embry, MR Belanger, SE Braunbeck, TA Galay-Burgos, M Halder, M Hinton, DE Leonard, MA Lillicrap, A Norberg-King, T Whale, G AF Embry, Michelle R. Belanger, Scott E. Braunbeck, Thomas A. Galay-Burgos, Malyka Halder, Marlies Hinton, David E. Leonard, Marc A. Lillicrap, Adam Norberg-King, Teresa Whale, Graham TI The fish embryo toxicity test as an animal alternative method in hazard and risk assessment and scientific research SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Fish embryo toxicity test; Animal alternatives; Ecotoxicology; Risk assessment ID MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; BRACHYDANIO-RERIO; ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MODEL; CHEMICALS; STRATEGY; REDUCE; PAIN AB Animal alternatives research has historically focused on human safety assessments and has only recently been extended to environmental testing. This is particularly for those assays that involve the use of fish. A number of alternatives are being pursued by the scientific community including the fish embryo toxicity (FET) test, a proposed replacement alternative to the acute fish test. Discussion of the FET methodology and its application in environmental assessments on a global level was needed. With this emerging issue in mind, the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) and the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) held an International Workshop on the Application of the Fish Embryo Test as an Animal Alternative Method in Hazard and Risk Assessment and Scientific Research in March, 2008. The workshop included approximately 40 scientists and regulators representing government, industry, academia, and non-governmental organizations from North America, Europe, and Asia. The goal was to review the state of the science regarding the investigation of fish embryonic tests, pain and distress in fish, emerging approaches utilizing fish embryos, and the use of fish embryo toxicity test data in various types of environmental assessments (e.g., hazard, risk, effluent, and classification and labeling of chemicals). Some specific key outcomes included agreement that risk assessors need fish data for decision-making, that extending the FET to include eluethereombryos was desirable, that relevant endpoints are being used, and that additional endpoints could facilitate additional uses beyond acute toxicity testing. The FET was, however, not yet considered validated sensu OECD. An important action step will be to provide guidance on how all fish tests can be used to assess chemical hazard and to harmonize the diverse terminology used in test guidelines adopted over the past decades. Use of the FET in context of effluent assessments was considered and it is not known if fish embryos are sufficiently sensitive for consideration as a surrogate to the sub-chronic 7-day larval fish growth and survival test used in the United States, for example. Addressing these needs by via workshops, research, and additional data reviews were identified for future action by scientists and regulators. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Embry, Michelle R.] ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Belanger, Scott E.] Procter & Gamble Co, Cent Prod Safety, Miami Valley Innovat Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45253 USA. [Braunbeck, Thomas A.] Univ Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Galay-Burgos, Malyka] European Ctr Ecotoxicol & Toxicol Chem ECETOC, B-1160 Brussels, Belgium. [Halder, Marlies] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, In Vitro Methods Unit TP 580, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Hinton, David E.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Leonard, Marc A.] LOreal Rech Avancee, Unite Ecotoxicol, F-93601 Aulnay Sous Bois, France. [Lillicrap, Adam] AstraZeneca, Freshwater Quarry TQ5 8BA, Brixham, England. [Norberg-King, Teresa] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Whale, Graham] Shell Global Solut, Analyt Technol, Chester CH1 3SH, Cheshire, England. RP Embry, MR (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1156 15th St NW,Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM membry@ilsi.org; belanger.se@pg.com; braunbeck@zoo.uni-heidelberg.de; malyka.galay-burgos@ecetoc.org; marlies.halder@jrc.ec.europa.eu; dhinton@duke.edu; mleonard@rd.loreal.com; Adam.lillicrap@niva.no; norberg-king.teresa@epa.gov; graham.whale@shell.com OI Braunbeck, Thomas/0000-0002-1785-6759; Belanger, Scott/0000-0003-0369-9673 FU ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI); European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC); Procter Gamble; L'Oreal; European Commission FX The authors thank all of the workshop attendees for their participation and valuable scientific contributions, as well as the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI), the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC), Procter & Gamble, L'Oreal, and the European Commission Joint Research Centre for their generous support and sponsorship of this workshop. NR 63 TC 124 Z9 128 U1 12 U2 105 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 2 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.12.008 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 583HS UT WOS:000276665300001 PM 20061034 ER PT J AU Bower, JJ Zhou, YC Zhou, T Simpson, DA Arlander, SJ Paules, RS Cordeiro-Stone, M Kaufmann, WK AF Bower, Jacquelyn J. Zhou, Yingchun Zhou, Tong Simpson, Dennis A. Arlander, Sonnet J. Paules, Richard S. Cordeiro-Stone, Marila Kaufmann, William K. TI Revised genetic requirements for the decatenation G(2) checkpoint The role of ATM SO CELL CYCLE LA English DT Article DE ATM; ATR; CHK1; CHK2; CHEK1; CHEK2; p53; decatenation G(2) checkpoint; ICRF-193 ID TOPOISOMERASE-II-ALPHA; CELL-CYCLE CHECKPOINT; ONCOGENE-INDUCED SENESCENCE; HUMAN-DIPLOID FIBROBLASTS; DNA STRAND BREAKS; IONIZING-RADIATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; TYPE-16 E6; DAMAGE; INHIBITION AB The decatenation G(2) checkpoint is proposed to delay cellular progression from G(2) into mitosis when intertwined daughter chromatids are insufficiently decatenated. Previous studies indicated that the ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR) checkpoint kinase, but not the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase, was required for decatenation G(2) checkpoint function. Here, we show that the method used to quantify decatenation G(2) checkpoint function can influence the identification of genetic requirements for the checkpoint. Normal human diploid fibroblast (NHDF) lines responded to the topoisomerase II (topo II) catalytic inhibitor ICRF-193 with a stringent G(2) arrest and a reduction in the mitotic index. While siRNA-mediated depletion of ATR and CHEK1 increased the mitotic index in ICRF-193 treated NHDF lines, depletion of these proteins did not affect the mitotic entry rate, indicating that the decatenation G(2) checkpoint was functional. These results suggest that ATR and CHEK1 are not required for the decatenation G(2) checkpoint, but may influence mitotic exit after inhibition of topo II. A re-evaluation of ataxia telangiectasia (AT) cell lines using the mitotic entry assay indicated that ATM was required for the decatenation G(2) checkpoint. Three NHDF cell lines responded to ICRF-193 with a mean 98% inhibition of the mitotic entry rate. Examination of the mitotic entry rates in AT fibroblasts upon treatment with ICRF-193 revealed a significantly attenuated decatenation G(2) checkpoint response, with a mean 59% inhibition of the mitotic entry rate. In addition, a normal lymphoblastoid line exhibited a 95% inhibition of the mitotic entry rate after incubation with ICRF-193, whereas two AT lymphoblastoid lines displayed only 36% and 20% inhibition of the mitotic entry rate. Stable depletion of ATM in normal human fibroblasts with short hairpin RNA also attenuated decatenation G(2) checkpoint function by an average of 40%. Western immunoblot analysis demonstrated that treatment with ICRF-193 induced ATM autophosphorylation and ATM-dependent phosphorylation of Ser15-p53 and Thr68 in Chk2, but no appreciable phosphorylation of Ser139-H2AX or Ser345-Chk1. The results suggest that inhibition of topo II induces ATM to phosphorylate selected targets that contribute to a G(2) arrest independently of DNA damage. C1 [Bower, Jacquelyn J.; Zhou, Yingchun; Zhou, Tong; Simpson, Dennis A.; Cordeiro-Stone, Marila; Kaufmann, William K.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Bower, Jacquelyn J.; Cordeiro-Stone, Marila; Kaufmann, William K.] Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Cordeiro-Stone, Marila; Kaufmann, William K.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Hlth & Susceptibil, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Arlander, Sonnet J.; Paules, Richard S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Stress & Canc Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kaufmann, WK (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM wkarlk@med.unc.edu FU PHS [CA81343, ES10126, ES07017]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH FX Supported in part by PHS grants CA81343, ES10126, ES07017, and by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH (S.J.A. and R.S.P.). NR 58 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1538-4101 J9 CELL CYCLE JI Cell Cycle PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1617 EP 1628 DI 10.4161/cc.9.8.11470 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 592SK UT WOS:000277400100034 PM 20372057 ER PT J AU Dang, VD Walters, DM Lee, CM AF Dang, Viet D. Walters, David M. Lee, Cindy M. TI Transformation of Chiral Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in a Stream Food Web SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENANTIOMERIC COMPOSITION; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; TROPHIC POSITION; RAINBOW-TROUT; LAKE HARTWELL; ATROPISOMERS; SEDIMENT; BIOTRANSFORMATION; ACCUMULATION AB The enantiomeric composition of chiral PCB congeners was determined in Twelvemile Creek (Clemson, SC) to examine potential mechanisms of biotransformation in a stream food web. We measured enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of six PCB atropisomers (PCBs 84, 91, 95, 136, 149, and 174) in surface sediment, fine benthic organic matter (FBOM), coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM), periphyton, Asian clam, mayflies, yellowfin shiner, and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) using gas chromatography (GC-ECD). Nonracemic EFs of PCBs 91, 95, 136, and 149 were measured in almost all samples. Enantiomeric compositions of PCBs 84 and 174 were infrequently detected with racemic EFs measured in samples except for a nonracemic EF of PCB 84 in clams. Nonracemic EFs of PCBs 91, 136, and 149 in SPMDs may be due to desorption of nonracemic residues from FBOM. EFs for some atropisomers were significantly different among FBOM, CPOM, and periphyton, suggesting that their microbial communities have different biotransformation processes. Nonracemic EFs in clams and fish suggest both in vivo biotransformation and uptake of nonracemic residues from their food sources. Longitudinal variability in EFs was generally low among congeners observed in matrices. C1 [Dang, Viet D.; Lee, Cindy M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. [Walters, David M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lee, CM (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Earth Sci, 342 Comp Court, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. EM LC@clemson.edu RI Lee, Cindy/A-4615-2008; Walters, David/I-4914-2012; OI Lee, Cindy/0000-0003-4058-8251 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0828699]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [218-2095072] FX We appreciate the comments from the anonymous reviewers. Support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (CBET-0828699) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (contract 218-2095072). This research was subjected to U.S. EPA review and approved for publication. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2836 EP 2841 DI 10.1021/es902227a PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 581WK UT WOS:000276556000017 PM 20058914 ER PT J AU Walters, DM Mills, MA Fritz, KM Raikow, DF AF Walters, David M. Mills, Marc A. Fritz, Ken M. Raikow, David F. TI Spider-Mediated Flux of PCBs from Contaminated Sediments to Terrestrial Ecosystems and Potential Risks to Arachnivorous Birds SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SWALLOWS TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; HARTWELL SUPERFUND SITE; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSES; LONG-TERM RECOVERY; LAKE HARTWELL; FOOD WEBS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; INSECTS; DECHLORINATION AB We investigated aquatic insect utilization and PCB exposure in riparian spiders at the Lake Hartwell Superfund site (Clemson, SC). We sampled sediments, adult chironomids, terrestrial insects, riparian spiders (Tetragnathidae, Araneidae, and Mecynogea lemniscata), and upland spiders (Araneidae) along a sediment contamination gradient Stable isotopes (delta(13)C, delta(15)N) indicated that riparian spiders primarily consumed aquatic insects whereas upland spiders consumed terrestrial insects. PCBs in chironomids (mean 1240 ng/g among sites) were 2 orders of magnitude higher than terrestrial insects (15.2 ng/g), similar to differences between riparian (820-2012 ng/g) and upland spiders (30 ng/g). Riparian spider PCBs were positively correlated with sediment concentrations for all taxa (r(2) = 0.44-0.87). We calculated spider-based wildlife values (WVs, the minimum spider PCB concentrations causing physiologically significant doses in consumers) to assess exposure risks for arachnivorous birds. Spider concentrations exceeded WVs for most birds at heavily contaminated sites and were similar to 14-fold higher for the most sensitive species (chickadee nestlings, Poecile spp.). Spiders are abundant and ubiquitous in riparian habitats, where they depend on aquatic insect prey. These traits, along with the high degree of spatial correlation between spider and sediment concentrations we observed, suggest that they are model indicator species for monitoring contaminated sediment sites and assessing risks associated with contaminant flux into terrestrial ecosystems. C1 [Walters, David M.; Fritz, Ken M.; Raikow, David F.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Mills, Marc A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM waltersd@usgs.gov RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012; Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013; Mills, Marc/C-3449-2017 OI Mills, Marc/0000-0002-0169-3086 NR 48 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2849 EP 2856 DI 10.1021/es9023139 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 581WK UT WOS:000276556000019 PM 20025228 ER PT J AU Walters, DM Blocksom, KA Lazorchak, JM Jicha, T Angradi, TR Bolgrien, DW AF Walters, David M. Blocksom, Karen A. Lazorchak, James M. Jicha, Terri Angradi, Theodore R. Bolgrien, David W. TI Mercury Contamination in Fish in Midcontinent Great Rivers of the United States: Importance of Species Traits and Environmental Factors SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPHIC DYNAMICS; FOOD-WEB; WATER; BIOMAGNIFICATION; METHYLMERCURY; DEPOSITION; STREAMS; LAKES; US; BIOACCUMULATION AB We measured mercury (Hg) concentrations in whole fish from the Upper Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers to characterize the extent and magnitude of Hg contamination and to identify environmental factors influencing Hg accumulation. Concentrations were generally lower (80% of values between 20-200 ng g(-1) wet weight) than those reported for other regions (e.g., upper Midwest and Northeast U.S.). Mercury exceeded the risk threshold for belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon, the most sensitive species considered) in 33-75% of river length and 1-7% of river length for humans. Concentrations were lower in the Missouri than in the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, consistent with continental-scale patterns in atmospheric Hg deposition. Body size and trophic guild were the best predictors of Hg concentrations, which were highest in large-bodied top predators. Site geochemical and landscape properties were weakly related with fish Hg. Moreover, relationships often ran contrary to conventional wisdom, and the slopes of the relationships (positive or negative) were inconsistent among fish guilds and rivers. For example, sulfate is positively associated with fish Hg concentrations but was negatively correlated with Hg in five of six regression models of tissue concentrations. Variables such as pH, acid neutralizing capacity, and total phosphorus did not occur at levels associated with high fish Hg concentrations, partially explaining the relatively low Hg values we observed. C1 [Walters, David M.; Blocksom, Karen A.; Lazorchak, James M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Jicha, Terri; Angradi, Theodore R.; Bolgrien, David W.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM waltersd@usgs.gov RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012; OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX We thank the numerous field crews that collected samples, laboratory personnel that processed the samples, data specialists who managed the information, B. Cade for statistical advice, and S. Peterson for his comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed this research. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2947 EP 2953 DI 10.1021/es903754d PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 581WK UT WOS:000276556000033 PM 20297812 ER PT J AU Lee, SD Snyder, EG Willis, R Fischer, R Gates-Anderson, D Sutton, M Viani, B Drake, J MacKinney, J AF Lee, Sang Don Snyder, Emily G. Willis, Robert Fischer, Robert Gates-Anderson, Dianne Sutton, Mark Viani, Brian Drake, John MacKinney, John TI Radiological dispersal device outdoor simulation test: Cesium chloride particle characteristics SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Cesium chloride; Particle characterization; Radiological dispersal device; Computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy; Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS AB Particles were generated from the detonation of simulated radiological dispersal devices (RDDs) using non-radioactive CsCl powder and explosive C4. The physical and chemical properties of the resulting particles were characterized. Two RDD simulation tests were conducted at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: one of the simulated RDDs was positioned 1 m above a steel plate and the other was partially buried in soil. Particles were collected with filters at a distance of 150 m from the origin of the RDD device, and particle mass concentrations were monitored to identify the particle plume intensity using real time particle samplers. Particles collected on filters were analyzed via computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (CCSEM/EDX) to determine their size distribution, morphology, and chemical constituents. This analysis showed that particles generated by the detonation of explosives can be associated with other materials (e.g., soil) that are in close proximity to the RDD device and that the morphology and chemical makeup of the particles change depending on the interactions of the RDD device with the surrounding materials. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lee, Sang Don; Snyder, Emily G.; Willis, Robert] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Drake, John] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Fischer, Robert; Gates-Anderson, Dianne; Sutton, Mark] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Viani, Brian] Simbol Min Corp, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. [MacKinney, John] US Dept Homeland Secur, Washington, DC 20528 USA. RP Lee, SD (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD E343-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lee.sangdon@epa.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 176 IS 1-3 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.126 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 559PZ UT WOS:000274839700008 PM 19945219 ER PT J AU Pucheu-Haston, CM Copeland, LB Vallanat, B Boykin, E Ward, MDW AF Pucheu-Haston, Cherie M. Copeland, Lisa B. Vallanat, Beena Boykin, Elizabeth Ward, Marsha D. W. TI Biomarkers of acute respiratory allergen exposure: Screening for sensitization potential SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asthma; Biomarkers; Hazard screening; Intratracheal aspiration; Gene expression microarray; Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) ID LATE-PHASE REACTIONS; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; EOSINOPHIL RECRUITMENT; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; AIRWAY DISEASE; BALB/C MICE; RESPONSES; PULMONARY; ASTHMA AB Effective hazard screening will require the development of high-throughput or in vitro assays for the identification of potential sensitizers. The goal of this preliminary study was to identify potential biomarkers that differentiate the response to allergens vs non-allergens following an acute exposure in naive individuals. Female BALB/c mice received a single intratracheal aspiration exposure to Metarhizium anisopliae crude antigen (MACA) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) or HBSS alone. Mice were terminated after 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was evaluated to determine total and differential cellularity, total protein concentration and LDH activity. RNA was isolated from lung tissue for microarray analysis and qRT-PCR. MACA administration induced a rapid increase in BALF neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils and total protein compared to BSA or HBSS. Microarray analysis demonstrated differential expression of genes involved in cytokine production, signaling, inflammatory cell recruitment, adhesion and activation in 3 and 12 h MACA-treated samples compared to BSA or HBSS. Further analyses allowed identification of similar to 100 candidate biomarker genes. Eleven genes were selected for further assessment by qRT-PCR. Of these, 6 demonstrated persistently increased expression (Ccl17, Ccl22, Ccl7, Cxcl10, Cxcl2, Saa1), while C3ar1 increased from 6-24 h. In conclusion, a single respiratory exposure of mice to an allergenic mold extract induces an inflammatory response which is distinct in phenotype and gene transcription from the response to a control protein. Further validation of these biomarkers with additional allergens and irritants is needed. These biomarkers may facilitate improvements in screening methods. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Pucheu-Haston, Cherie M.; Copeland, Lisa B.; Vallanat, Beena; Boykin, Elizabeth; Ward, Marsha D. W.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Pucheu-Haston, Cherie M.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Pucheu-Haston, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Pucheu-Haston.Cherie@epa.gov RI Pucheu-Haston, Cherie/D-8322-2015 OI Pucheu-Haston, Cherie/0000-0003-1916-7188 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 244 IS 2 BP 144 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2009.12.027 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 583HO UT WOS:000276664800005 PM 20045013 ER PT J AU Tornero-Velez, R Mirfazaelian, A Kim, KB Anand, SS Kim, HJ Haines, WT Bruckner, JV Fisher, JW AF Tornero-Velez, Rogelio Mirfazaelian, Ahmad Kim, Kyu-Bong Anand, Sathanandam S. Kim, Hyo J. Haines, Wendy T. Bruckner, James V. Fisher, Jeffrey W. TI Evaluation of deltamethrin kinetics and dosimetry in the maturing rat using a PBPK model SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Deltamethrin; Pyrethroids; Toxicokinetics; PBPK modeling; Maturation; Children's risk assessment ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; AGE-DEPENDENT DIFFERENCES; ORGAN GROWTH FUNCTIONS; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; LIVER VOLUME; PHARMACOKINETIC DIFFERENCES; ENVIRONMENTAL AGENTS; CARE-CENTERS; IN-VITRO; CHILDREN AB Immature rats are more susceptible than adults to the acute neurotoxicity of pyrethroid insecticides like deltamethrin (DLM). A companion kinetics study (Kim et al., in press) revealed that blood and brain levels of the neuroactive parent compound were inversely related to age in rats 10, 21, 40 and 90 days old. The objective of the current study was to modify a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of DLM disposition in the adult male Sprague-Dawley rat (Mirfazaelian et al., 2006), so blood and target organ dosimetry could be accurately predicted during maturation. Age-specific organ weights and age-dependent changes in the oxidative and hydrolytic clearance of DLM were modeled with a generalized Michaelis-Menten model for growth and the summary equations incorporated into the PBPK model. The model's simulations compared favorably with empirical DLM time-courses in plasma, blood, brain and fat for the four age-groups evaluated (10, 21, 40 and 90 days old). PND 10 pups' area under the 24-h brain concentration time curve (AUC(0-24h)) was 3.8-fold higher than that of the PND 90 adults. Our maturing rat PBPK model allows for updating with age- and chemical-dependent parameters, so pyrethroid dosimetry can be forecast in young and aged individuals. Hence, this model provides a methodology for risk assessors to consider age-specific adjustments to oral Reference Doses on the basis of PK differences. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tornero-Velez, Rogelio] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mirfazaelian, Ahmad] Baghiatallah Univ Med Sci, Dept Chem Injuries, Tehran, Iran. [Kim, Kyu-Bong] Inje Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Pharmaceut Engn, Gimhae 621749, Gyungnam, South Korea. [Anand, Sathanandam S.] Dupont Haskell Global Ctr Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19714 USA. [Kim, Hyo J.; Bruckner, James V.] Univ Georgia, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Haines, Wendy T.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Fisher, Jeffrey W.] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Tornero-Velez, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM tornero-velez.rogelio@epa.gov; amirfazaelian@gmail.com; kimkb@rx.uga.edu; satheesh.s.anand@usa.dupont.com; hyokimm@yahoo.co.kr; toxicology@unc.edu; bruckner@rx.uga.edu; jwfisher@uga.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R830800]; UNC/EPA [EPA CT 827206, CT 829472, CT 902908] FX We thank Dr. Kevin Crofton and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. This work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (STAR Grant R830800). This does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Wendy T. Haines was supported by UNC/EPA Training Agreements EPA CT 827206, CT 829472, and CT 902908. NR 60 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 244 IS 2 BP 208 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2009.12.034 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 583HO UT WOS:000276664800012 PM 20045431 ER PT J AU Cuneo, MJ London, RE AF Cuneo, Matthew J. London, Robert E. TI Oxidation state of the XRCC1 N-terminal domain regulates DNA polymerase beta binding affinity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE disulfide switch; DNA repair; scaffolding protein ID STRAND-BREAK REPAIR; RAY SOLUTION SCATTERING; BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; DISULFIDE BONDS; PROTEIN; SWITCHES; PROGRAM; STRESS; SYSTEM; DAMAGE AB Formation of a complex between the XRCC1 N-terminal domain (NTD) and DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) is central to base excision repair of damaged DNA. Two crystal forms of XRCC1-NTD complexed with Pol beta have been solved, revealing that the XRCC1-NTD is able to adopt a redox-dependent alternate fold, characterized by a disulfide bond, and substantial variations of secondary structure, folding topology, and electrostatic surface. Although most of these structural changes occur distal to the interface, the oxidized XRCC1-NTD forms additional interactions with Pol beta, enhancing affinity by an order of magnitude. Transient disulfide bond formation is increasingly recognized as an important molecular regulatory mechanism. The results presented here suggest a paradigm in DNA repair in which the redox state of a scaffolding protein plays an active role in organizing the repair complex. C1 [Cuneo, Matthew J.; London, Robert E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP London, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM london@niehs.nih.gov OI Cuneo, Matthew/0000-0002-1475-6656 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors would like to thank the laboratory of Sam Wilson (NIEHS) for the human XRCC1 gene and the rat polymerase beta gene, Drs. Eugene DeRose and Joseph Krahn, NIEHS for helpful input on the NMR and crystallography studies, Dr. Lin Yang of the X9 beamline, at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, for assistance with data collection. Use of the X9 beamline is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 42 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 13 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 15 BP 6805 EP 6810 DI 10.1073/pnas.0914077107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 583AC UT WOS:000276642100046 PM 20351257 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, Y Moore, R Flavell, RA Lu, BF Negishi, M AF Yamamoto, Yukio Moore, Rick Flavell, Richard A. Lu, Binfeng Negishi, Masahiko TI Nuclear Receptor CAR Represses TNF alpha-Induced Cell Death by Interacting with the Anti-Apoptotic GADD45B SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; CROSS-TALK; LIVER; GENE; ACTIVATION; MICE; METABOLISM; MKK7/JNKK2; INDUCTION AB Background: Phenobarbital (PB) is the most well-known among numerous non-genotoxic carcinogens that cause the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PB activates nuclear xenobiotic receptor Constitutive Active/Androstane Receptor ( CAR; NR1I3) and this activation is shown to determine PB promotion of HCC in mice. The molecular mechanism of CAR-mediated tumor promotion, however, remains elusive at the present time. Here we have identified Growth Arrest and DNA Damage-inducible 45 beta (GADD45B) as a novel CAR target, through which CAR represses cell death. Methodology/Principal Findings: PB activation of nuclear xenobiotic receptor CAR is found to induce the Gadd45b gene in mouse liver throughout the development of HCC as well as in liver tumors. Given the known function of GADD45B as a factor that represses Mitogen-activated protein Kinase Kinase 7 - c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (MKK7-JNK) pathway-mediated apoptosis, we have now demonstrated that CAR interacts with GADD45B to repress Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha)-induced JNK1 phosphorylation as well as cell death. Primary hepatocytes, prepared from Car(+/+), Car(-/-), Gadd45b(+/+) and Gadd45b(-/-) mice, were treated with TNF alpha and Actinomycin D to induce phosphorylation of JNK1 and cell death. Co-treatment with the CAR activating ligand TCPOBOP (1,4 bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene) has resulted in repression of both phosphorylation and cell death in the primary hepatocytes from Car(+/+) but not Car(-/-) mice. Repression by TCPOBOP was not observed in those prepared from Gadd45b(-/-) mice. In vitro protein-protein interaction and phosphorylation assays have revealed that CAR interacts with MKK7 and represses the MKK7-mediated phosphorylation of JNK1. Conclusions/Significance: CAR can form a protein complex with GADD45B, through which CAR represses MKK7-mediated phosphorylation of JNK1. In addition to activating the Gadd45b gene, CAR may repress death of mouse primary hepatocytes by forming a GADD45B complex and repressing MKK7-mediated phosphorylation of JNK1. The present finding that CAR can repress cell death via its interaction with GADD45B provides an insight for further investigations into the CAR-regulated molecular mechanism by which PB promotes development of HCC. C1 [Yamamoto, Yukio; Moore, Rick; Negishi, Masahiko] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Flavell, Richard A.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Immunobiol Sect, New Haven, CT USA. [Lu, Binfeng] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Yamamoto, Y (reprint author), Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Med Res Inst, Med Top Track Program, Tokyo, Japan. EM negishi@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Institute of Environmental Health [Z01ES71005-01] FX This study was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health: Z01ES71005-01. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 12 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 4 AR e10121 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0010121 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 583UR UT WOS:000276705900006 PM 20404936 ER PT J AU Mundy, WR Radio, NM Freudenrich, TM AF Mundy, William R. Radio, Nicholas M. Freudenrich, Theresa M. TI Neuronal models for evaluation of proliferation in vitro using high content screening SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE High content screening; Proliferation; Neuronal models ID OCHRATOXIN-A; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; CELL-PROLIFERATION; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; BLASTOMA CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION; INHIBITION; GROWTH; NEUROGENESIS; TOXICITY AB In vitro test methods can provide a rapid approach for the screening of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to produce toxicity (hazard identification). In order to identify potential developmental neurotoxicants, a battery of in vitro tests for neurodevelopmental processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, growth, and synaptogenesis has been proposed. The development of in vitro approaches for toxicity testing will require choosing a model system that is appropriate to the endpoint of concern. This study compared several cell lines as models for neuronal proliferation. The sensitivities of neuronal cell lines derived from three species (PC12, rat; N1E-115, mouse; SH-SY5Y, human) to chemicals known to affect cell proliferation were assessed using a high content screening system. After optimizing conditions for cell growth in 96-well plates, proliferation was measured as the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) into replicating DNA during S phase. BrdU-labeled cells were detected by immunocytochemistry and cell counts were obtained using automated image acquisition and analysis. The three cell lines showed approximately 30-40% of the population in S phase after a 411 pulse of BrdU. Exposure to the DNA polymerase inhibitor aphidicolin for 20 h prior to the 4 h pulse of BrdU significantly decreased proliferation in all three cell lines. The sensitivities of the cell lines were compared by exposure to eight chemicals known to affect proliferation (positive controls) and determination of the concentration inhibiting proliferation by 50% of control (I(50)). PC12 cells were the most sensitive to chemicals; 6 out of 8 chemicals (aphidicolin, cadmium, cytosine arabinoside, dexamethasone, 5-fluorouracil, and methylmercury) inhibited proliferation at the concentrations tested. SH-SY5Y cells were somewhat less sensitive to chemical effects, with five out of eight chemicals inhibiting proliferation; dexamethasone had no effect, and cadmium inhibited proliferation only at concentrations that decreased cell viability. Data from the N1E-115 cell line was extremely variable between experiments, and only 4 out of 8 chemicals resulted in inhibition of proliferation. Chemicals that had not been previously shown to alter proliferation (negative controls) did not affect proliferation or cell viability in any cell line. The results show that high content screening can be used to rapidly assess chemical effects on proliferation. Three neuronal cell lines exhibited differential sensitivity to the effect of chemicals on this endpoint, with PC12 cells being the most sensitive to inhibition of proliferation. (C) Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Mundy, William R.; Radio, Nicholas M.; Freudenrich, Theresa M.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mundy, WR (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mundy.william@epa.gov NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD APR 11 PY 2010 VL 270 IS 2-3 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2010.02.004 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 588VZ UT WOS:000277103900009 PM 20149836 ER PT J AU Roelke, DL Eldridge, PM AF Roelke, Daniel L. Eldridge, Peter M. TI Losers in the 'Rock-Paper-Scissors' game: The role of non-hierarchical competition and chaos as biodiversity sustaining agents in aquatic systems SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Intransitive; Chaotic; Aperiodic dynamics; Alternative states; Richness; Predictability; Species supersaturation; R*; Resource competition; Metacommunity; Passive migration; Lateral mixing ID SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; PLANKTON DYNAMICS; PHYTOPLANKTON SUCCESSION; MULTISPECIES COMPETITION; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; MICROCOSM EXPERIMENTS; RESOURCE COMPETITION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; FLOODPLAIN LAKES AB Processes occurring within small areas (patch-scale) that influence species richness and spatial heterogeneity of larger areas (landscape-scale) have long been an interest of ecologists. This research focused on the role of patch-scale deterministic chaos arising in phytoplankton assemblages characteristic of "Rock-Paper-Scissors" population dynamics (i.e., competitively non-hierarchical). We employed a simple 2-patch model configuration with lateral mixing and through-flow, and tested the robustness of species richness at the scale of the landscape and spatial heterogeneity. Three different assemblages were used that in a dimensionless box model configuration exhibited chaotic behavior. Our results showed that when a spatial dimension was added to the model configuration, and when all species were shared between patches (i.e., no invading populations), chaos-induced species richness and spatial heterogeneity were quickly reduced with the onset of mixing. While assemblages in each patch were comprised of exactly the same species, they differed in their proportional population densities due to differing stages of succession and the incidence of alternative assemblage structures. Even at very low mixing rates (0.001 d(-1)), which produced low passive migration rates (0.1% of the total biomass per day), the incidence of high richness and heterogeneity decreased by similar to 80%. Interestingly, this sensitivity was not the same for the three assemblages tested. Declines in species richness and spatial heterogeneity associated with mixing were greater in assemblages comprised of competitively dissimilar species (based on the area occupied in the resource-tradeoff space defined by the R* model). The underlying mechanisms may involve the degree to which nutrient dynamics are altered with the arrival of immigrants. Our findings suggest that in partially to well-mixed aquatic systems, the roles of patch-scale non-hierarchical competition and chaos as factors maintaining species richness and spatial heterogeneity may be limited. However, in aquatic systems that experience periods of very low mixing, or even disconnection, non-hierarchical competition and chaos might indeed contribute significantly to biodiversity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Roelke, Daniel L.] Texas A&M Univ, Sect Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Biol, TAMUS 2258, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Roelke, Daniel L.] Texas A&M Univ, Sect Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Dept Oceanog, TAMUS 2258, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Eldridge, Peter M.] US EPA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Roelke, DL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Sect Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Biol, TAMUS 2258, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM droelke@tamu.edu RI Roelke, Daniel/B-5766-2008 NR 86 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR 10 PY 2010 VL 221 IS 7 BP 1017 EP 1027 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.02.005 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 572DT UT WOS:000275808200007 ER PT J AU Eldridge, PM Roelke, DL AF Eldridge, Peter M. Roelke, Daniel L. TI Origins and scales of hypoxia on the Louisiana shelf: Importance of seasonal plankton dynamics and river nutrients and discharge SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Model; Hypoxia; Nutrients; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Stoichiometry; River flow; Phytoplankton; Competition; Edibility; Sinking; Geochemistry; Global climate change; Ecosystem response ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; COASTAL WATERS; ORGANIC-MATTER; FOOD-WEB; PHYTOPLANKTON SUCCESSION; NONLIMITING NUTRIENTS; MICROCOSM EXPERIMENTS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BOTTOM WATER AB Management plans for the Mississippi River Basin call for reductions in nutrient concentrations up to 40% or more to reduce hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), while at the same time the government is considering new farm subsidies to promote development of biofuels from corn. Thus there are possibilities of both increasing and decreasing river nutrients depending on national priorities. River flow rates which also influence the extent of hypoxia on the shelf may be altered by global climate change. We have therefore developed a series of simulations to forecast ecosystem response to alterations in nutrient loading and river flow. We simulate ecosystem response and hypoxia events using a linked model consisting of multiple phytoplankton groups competing for nitrogen, phosphorus and light, zooplankton grazing that is influenced by prey edibility and stoichiometry, sub-pycnocline water-column metabolism that is influenced by sinking fecal pellets and algal cells, and multi-element sediment diagenesis. This model formulation depicts four areas of increasing salinity moving westward away from the Mississippi River point of discharge, where the surface mixed layer, four bottom layers and underlying sediments are represented in each area. The model supports the contention that a 40% decrease in river nutrient will substantially reduce the duration and areal extent of hypoxia on the shelf. But it also suggests that in low and middle salinity areas the hypoxia response is saturated with respect to nutrients, and that in high salinity regions small increases in nutrient and river flow will have disproportionally large effects on GOM hypoxia. The model simulations also suggest that river discharge is a stronger factor influencing hypoxia than river nutrients in the Mississippi River plume. Finally, the model simulations suggest that primary production in the low salinity regions is light limited while primary production in the higher salinity zones is phosphate limited during the May to October period when hypoxia is prevalent in the Mississippi River plume. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Roelke, Daniel L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Roelke, Daniel L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Eldridge, Peter M.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Roelke, DL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM droelke@tamu.edu RI Roelke, Daniel/B-5766-2008 FU Western Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA; Texas AM University FX Support for this research was from the Western Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, and from Texas A&M University through the Faculty Development Leave program. The manuscript has been subjected to the U.S. Environmental Agency's peer and administrative review, and approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 78 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR 10 PY 2010 VL 221 IS 7 BP 1028 EP 1042 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.054 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 572DT UT WOS:000275808200008 ER PT J AU Kovalenko, OA Caron, MJ Ulema, P Medrano, C Thomas, AP Kimura, M Bonini, MG Herbig, U Santos, JH AF Kovalenko, Olga A. Caron, Matthieu J. Ulema, Perihan Medrano, Carolina Thomas, Andrew P. Kimura, Masayuki Bonini, Marcelo G. Herbig, Utz Santos, Janine H. TI A mutant telomerase defective in nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling fails to immortalize cells and is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction SO AGING CELL LA English DT Article DE mitochondria; oxidative stress; senescence; telomerase ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DNA-DAMAGE; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; CELLULAR IMMORTALIZATION; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; GENOTOXIC STRESS; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; MTDNA DAMAGE; IN-VIVO AB Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase specialized in telomere synthesis. The enzyme is primarily nuclear where it elongates telomeres, but many reports show that the catalytic component of telomerase (in humans called hTERT) also localizes outside of the nucleus, including in mitochondria. Shuttling of hTERT between nucleus and cytoplasm and vice versa has been reported, and different proteins shown to regulate such translocation. Exactly why telomerase moves between subcellular compartments is still unclear. In this study we report that mutations that disrupt the nuclear export signal (NES) of hTERT render it nuclear but unable to immortalize cells despite retention of catalytic activity in vitro. Overexpression of the mutant protein in primary fibroblasts is associated with telomere-based cellular senescence, multinucleated cells and the activation of the DNA damage response genes ATM, Chk2 and p53. Mitochondria function is also impaired in the cells. We find that cells expressing the mutant hTERT produce high levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and have damage in telomeric and extratelomeric DNA. Dysfunctional mitochondria are also observed in an ALT (alternative lengthening of telomeres) cell line that is insensitive to growth arrest induced by the mutant hTERT showing that mitochondrial impairment is not a consequence of the growth arrest. Our data indicate that mutations involving the NES of hTERT are associated with defects in telomere maintenance, mitochondrial function and cellular growth, and suggest targeting this region of hTERT as a potential new strategy for cancer treatment. C1 [Kovalenko, Olga A.; Caron, Matthieu J.; Ulema, Perihan; Medrano, Carolina; Thomas, Andrew P.; Santos, Janine H.] Natl Inst Environm & Hlth Sci, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Kovalenko, Olga A.] Natl Inst Environm & Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Kimura, Masayuki] Natl Inst Environm & Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Bonini, Marcelo G.] Natl Inst Environm & Hlth Sci, Pharmacol Lab, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Herbig, Utz] Univ Hosp, Ctr Canc, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. [Herbig, Utz] Univ Hosp, Ctr Canc, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. RP Santos, JH (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Med Sci Bldg, H653,185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM santosja@umdnj.edu FU New Jersey Cancer Commission [808033, 09-1124-CCREO]; Army Research Office [56027LS]; Ellison Medical Foundation [AG-NS-0387-07] FX This work was partially supported by the New Jersey Cancer Commission [grant numbers 808033 to JHS and 09-1124-CCREO to UH], by the Army Research Office [grant number 56027LS to JHS] and by the Ellison Medical Foundation to UH [grant number AG-NS-0387-07]. NR 61 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1474-9718 J9 AGING CELL JI Aging Cell PD APR PY 2010 VL 9 IS 2 BP 203 EP 219 DI 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00551.x PG 17 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 570KU UT WOS:000275677000009 PM 20089117 ER PT J AU Garantziotis, S Li, Z Potts, EN Lindsey, JY Stober, VP Polosukhin, VV Blackwell, TS Schwartz, DA Foster, WM Hollingsworth, JW AF Garantziotis, Stavros Li, Zhuowei Potts, Erin N. Lindsey, James Y. Stober, Vandy P. Polosukhin, Vasiliy V. Blackwell, Timothy S. Schwartz, David A. Foster, W. Michael Hollingsworth, John W. TI TLR4 Is Necessary for Hyaluronan-mediated Airway Hyperresponsiveness after Ozone Inhalation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE environmental airways injury; asthma; toll-like receptor; macrophage; TNF-alpha ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; NF-KAPPA-B; LUNG INJURY; TNF-ALPHA; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; NITRIC-OXIDE; INFLAMMATION; MICE; EXPOSURE AB Rationale: Ozone is a common environmental air pollutant that contributes to hospitalizations for respiratory illness. The mechanisms, which regulate ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, remain poorly understood. We have previously reported that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) deficient animals are protected against ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and that hyaluronan (HA) mediates ozone-induced AHR. However, the relation between TLR4 and hyaluronan in the airway response to ozone remains unexplored. Objectives: We hypothesized that HA acts as an endogenous TLR4 ligand for the development of AHR after ozone-induced environmental airway injury. Methods: TLR4-deficient and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were exposed to either inhaled ozone or intratracheal HA and the inflammatory and AHR response was measured. Measurements and Main Results: TLR4-deficient mice have similar levels of cellular inflammation, lung injury, and soluble HA levels as those of C57BL/6 mice after inhaled ozone exposure. However, TLR4-deficient mice are partially protected from AHR after ozone exposure as well as after direct intratracheal instillation of endotoxin-free low molecular weight HA. Similar patterns of TLR4-dependent cytokines were observed in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid after exposure to either ozone or HA. Exposure to ozone increased immunohistological staining of TLR4 on lung macrophages. Furthermore, in vitro HA exposure of bone marrow derived macrophages induced NF-kappa B and production of a similar pattern of proinflammatory cytokines in a manner dependent on TLR4. Conclusions: Our observations support the observation that extracellular matrix HA contributes to ozone-induced airways disease. Furthermore, our results support that TLR4 contributes to the biological response to HA by mediating both the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the development of ozone-induced AHR. C1 [Li, Zhuowei; Potts, Erin N.; Lindsey, James Y.; Foster, W. Michael; Hollingsworth, John W.] Duke Univ, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Dept Med, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Garantziotis, Stavros; Stober, Vandy P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Polosukhin, Vasiliy V.; Blackwell, Timothy S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Allergy Pulm & Crit Care Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Schwartz, David A.] Natl Jewish Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Hollingsworth, JW (reprint author), Duke Univ, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Dept Med, Med Ctr, Box 103004, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM holli017@mc.duke.edu RI Garantziotis, Stavros/A-6903-2009 OI Garantziotis, Stavros/0000-0003-4007-375X FU National Institute of Environmental Health Services [ES16347, ES16126, ES16659]; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX Supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Services (ES16347, ES16126, ES16659). Support is also provided, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 48 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 181 IS 7 BP 666 EP 675 DI 10.1164/rccm.200903-0381OC PG 10 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 578AR UT WOS:000276266100007 PM 20007931 ER PT J AU Tran, LT O'Neill, RV Smith, ER AF Tran, Liem T. O'Neill, Robert V. Smith, Elizabeth R. TI Spatial pattern of environmental vulnerability in the Mid-Atlantic region, USA SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Vulnerability assessment; Vulnerability pattern; Environmental indicators ID SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE; LAND-USE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRAMEWORK AB The paper presents a comprehensive analysis to explore the environmental vulnerability pattern of the Mid-Atlantic region. It is a combination of several methods - stressor-resource overlay, state-space analysis, and clustering analysis - at different steps of the analysis. In addition, a generalized distance measure was utilized in the state-space analysis to handle the interdependency among variables without reducing their dimensionality. Results from the analysis provided valuable insights on the environmental conditions, in general, and the relative vulnerability pattern, in particular, of the Mid-Atlantic region. The suggested method offers a simple but effective way to understand the complex spatial pattern of environmental vulnerability at regional scale. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tran, Liem T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [O'Neill, Robert V.] TN & Associates, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Smith, Elizabeth R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Tran, LT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, 1000 Phillip Fulmer Way,BGB 311, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ltran1@utk.edu NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD APR PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2 BP 191 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2009.05.003 PG 12 WC Geography SC Geography GA 567IA UT WOS:000275438700001 ER PT J AU Dantin, DD Boustany, RG Lewis, MA Jordan, SJ Moss, RF Michot, TC AF Dantin, Darrin D. Boustany, Ronald G. Lewis, Michael A. Jordan, Stephen J. Moss, Rebecca F. Michot, Thomas C. TI Effects of Nutrient Pre-Exposure on Atrazine Toxicity to Vallisneria americana Michx. (Wild Celery) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEAGRASS; ENRICHMENT; LOUISIANA; GROWTH; NEKTON; BAY AB Accelerated eutrophication is common to many freshwater and marine environments and often co-occurs with the presence of anthropogenic chemicals. However, the toxic effects of common chemical stressors such as herbicides in the presence of elevated nutrients are not well understood for most aquatic flora, particularly vascular species. To provide insight, field-collected Vallisneria americana Michx. (wild celery) were sequentially exposed to three nutrient concentrations for 3 months and then to nominal 11 and 110 mu g L(-1) atrazine for 96 h. Nutrient concentrations (combined NH(4) (+), NO(2) (-), NO(3) (-), PO(4) (-)) were based on ambient concentrations in the St. Johns River (FL) and ranged from 0.013 to 0.668 mg L(-1). Nutrient pretreatment potentiated the toxicity of atrazine as determined by chlorophyll fluorescence activity. Electron transport rates (ETR) were significantly less (48-59%) for plants pretreated with low and ambient nutrient levels in the presence of an average of 107.5-128.1 mu g L(-1) atrazine. Significant ETR reductions were also observed for plants exposed to an average of 11.4 mu g L(-1) atrazine after exposure to nutrients three times the ambient concentration in the St. Johns River. The results indicate the importance of considering the presence of nutrients in chemical hazard assessments, particularly for phytotoxicants and nontarget vascular plants. C1 [Dantin, Darrin D.; Lewis, Michael A.; Jordan, Stephen J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Boustany, Ronald G.; Michot, Thomas C.] USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Moss, Rebecca F.] IAP World Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Dantin, DD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM dantin.darrin@epa.gov; ron.boustany@la.usda.gov; lewis.michael@epa.gov; jordan.steve@epa.gov; rebecca_moss@usgs.gov; tommy_michot@usgs.gov FU SJRWMD FX This research was a collaborative project between the USEPA Gulf Ecology Division (Gulf Breeze, FL) and the USGS National Wetlands Research Center (Lafayette, LA). Field collection assistance was provided by personnel from the St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD), Palatka, FL. Support for mesocosm operation provided by SJRWMD. Greenhouse facility provided by University of Louisiana, Lafayette, and maintained by USGS National Wetlands Research Center. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 622 EP 630 DI 10.1007/s00244-009-9399-3 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 581GV UT WOS:000276510700014 PM 19795158 ER PT J AU Haring, HJ Smith, ME Lazorchak, JM Crocker, PA Euresti, A Wratschko, MC Schaub, MC AF Haring, Herman J. Smith, Mark E. Lazorchak, James M. Crocker, Philip A. Euresti, Abel Wratschko, Melissa C. Schaub, Michael C. TI Comparison of Bulk Sediment and Sediment Elutriate Toxicity Testing Methods SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; RELATIVE SENSITIVITY; WATER; INVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITY; RESPONSES AB Numerous methods exist for assessing the potential toxicity of sediments in aquatic systems. In this study, the results from 10-day bulk sediment toxicity test methods using Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans were compared to results from 96-h Pimephales promelas and Ceriodaphnia dubia renewed acute toxicity tests conducted using elutriate samples prepared from the same sediments. The goal of the study was to determine if the results from the elutriate tests were comparable to those obtained from the bulk sediment tests. Of the 25 samples analyzed, 16 were found to be toxic to at least one of the species tested, in either elutriate or bulk sediment tests. The C. tentans 10-day bulk sediment test was the most sensitive, with 12 sediment samples exhibiting toxicity to this species, whereas the H. azteca bulk sediment test and C. dubia 96-h elutriate test were the least sensitive, exhibiting toxicity in only 7 of the 25 sediments tested. The P. promelas elutriate test found 8 of the 25 sediments to be toxic. Based on the total number of sites found to show toxicity, results from testing indicate 96-h elutriate tests show a level of sensitivity comparable to 10-day bulk sediment tests in assessing toxicity quantitatively. However, the methods did not always find toxicity at the same sites, suggesting that the ability of elutriate tests to predict toxicity (quantitatively) is not statistically correlated with bulk sediment methods. This would indicate that a suite of toxicity test methods would provide the most complete measure of site condition; however, in circumstances where bulk sediment testing is not feasible, elutriate tests can provide a practical and credible alternative for toxicity assessment. C1 [Haring, Herman J.; Smith, Mark E.; Lazorchak, James M.; Wratschko, Melissa C.] US EPA, McConnell Grp, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Crocker, Philip A.; Schaub, Michael C.] US EPA, Monitoring & Assessment Sect, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. [Euresti, Abel] US EPA, Houston, TX 77099 USA. RP Lazorchak, JM (reprint author), US EPA, McConnell Grp, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lazorchak.jim@epa.gov OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX The research reported in this document was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. This manuscript has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors would like to acknowledge the statistical technical support provided by Karen Blocksom, NERL USEPA, as well as the technical review provided and editing by Justicia Rhodus, Dynamac. The comments of two anonymous reviewers were most helpful. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 676 EP 683 DI 10.1007/s00244-009-9447-z PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 581GV UT WOS:000276510700019 PM 20039168 ER PT J AU Rodes, CE Lawless, PA Thornburg, JW Williams, RW Croghan, CW AF Rodes, Charles E. Lawless, Phil A. Thornburg, Jonathan W. Williams, Ronald W. Croghan, Carry W. TI DEARS particulate matter relationships for personal, indoor, outdoor, and central site settings for a general population SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Particulate; Exposure; Personal; Compliance; Smoking ID EXPOLIS SIMULATION-MODEL; TOBACCO-SMOKE; PM MASS; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; FINE PARTICLES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; HEALTH; PM2.5; BALTIMORE; AMBIENT AB This analysis provides the initial summary of PM(2.5) mass concentrations relationships for all seasons and participants for a general population in the Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS). The summary presented highlights the utility of the new methodologies applied, in addition to summarizing the particulate matter (PM) data. Results include the requirement to adjust the exposure data for monitor wearing compliance and measured environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) levels, even though the study design specified a nonsmoking household. A 40% wearing compliance acceptance level was suggested as necessary to balance minimizing exposure misclassification (from poor compliance) and having sufficient data to conduct robust statistical analyses. An ETS threshold level equivalent to adding more than 1.5 mu g m(-3) to the collected sample was found to be necessary to detect changes in the personal exposure factor (F(pex)). It is not completely clear why such a large threshold level was necessary. Statistically significant spatial PM2.5 gradients were identified in three of the six DEARS neighborhoods in Wayne County. These were expected, given the number of strong, localized PM sources in the Detroit (Michigan) metro area. Some residential outdoor bias levels compared with the central site at Allen Park exceeded 15%. After adjusting for ETS biases, the outdoor contributions to the personal exposure were typically larger by factors from 1.75 to 2.2 compared with those of the non-outdoor sources. The outdoor contribution was larger in the summer than in the winter, which is consistent with the fractions of time spent outdoors in the summer vs. the winter (6.7% vs. 1.1% of the time). Mean personal PM2.5 cloud levels for the general population DEARS cohort ranged from 1.5 to 3.8 (after ETS adjustment) and were comparable to those reported previously. The personal exposure collections indoors were typically at least 13 times greater than those contributed outdoors. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rodes, Charles E.; Thornburg, Jonathan W.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Lawless, Phil A.] RTI Int, Durham, NC USA. [Williams, Ronald W.; Croghan, Carry W.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rodes, CE (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 W Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM charlesr@rti.org RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-05-D-065] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and conducted the research described here under contract EP-05-D-065. This paper has not been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 33 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2010 VL 44 IS 11 SI SI BP 1386 EP 1399 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.02.002 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 584FO UT WOS:000276736600002 ER PT J AU Arnts, RR AF Arnts, Robert R. TI Evaluation of adsorbent sampling tube materials and Tenax-TA for analysis of volatile biogenic organic compounds SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Biogenic VOC; Tenax-TA; Terpenes; Sesquiterpenes ID AIR; SYSTEM AB Adsorbent tube materials, bed retainers and Tenax-TA were evaluated for their respective roles in adsorbing biogenic volatile organic compounds from air and their tendencies to cause chemical transformation of analytes upon thermal desorption. Stainless steel, Silcosteel (R) and Sulfinert (R) treated stainless steel tubes exhibited varying degrees of adsorption and reactivity towards some analytes. However, the typical short exposure of the sample stream to wall material before entering an adsorbent bed, minimizes the effect of these properties. Three forms of silica wool (untreated glass wool and siloxane-treated glass and fused silica wool), often used as adsorbent bed retainers, were evaluated and found to function as an adsorbent bed especially for oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Tenax-TA was evaluated in stainless steel tubes (untreated and treated) with a 2 mu m mesh woven wire disk (also untreated and treated) to circumvent the effects of using a silica wool bed retainer. Tenax-TA adsorbent in stainless steel, Silcosteel and Sulfinert tubes yielded equivalent results when compared with direct (cryogenic) pre-concentration analysis of a multi-component mixture of n-alkanes and selected biogenic VOC. Tenax-TA tubes that had been used for 15-20 bake out sample desorption cycles (field and laboratory sampling) were compared with freshly packed tubes and found to give equivalent results. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Arnts, RR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mail Drop E205-03,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM arnts.robert@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approval for publication. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2010 VL 44 IS 12 BP 1579 EP 1584 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.01.004 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 583MQ UT WOS:000276681100011 ER PT J AU Samy, S Mazzoleni, LR Mishra, S Zielinska, B Hallar, AG AF Samy, Shar Mazzoleni, Lynn R. Mishra, Subhashree Zielinska, Barbara Hallar, Anna G. TI Water-soluble organic compounds at a mountain-top site in Colorado, USA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Water-soluble organic compounds; WSOC; Cloud water chemistry; Storm Peak Laboratory; Organic acids; Carboxylic acids; Levoglucosan ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; PARTICULATE MATTER; BIOMASS COMBUSTION; ALPHA-PINENE AB Water extracts of atmospheric particulate matter (PM(2.5)) collected at the Storm Peak Laboratory (SPL) (3210 MSL, 40.45 degrees N, 106.74 degrees W) were analyzed for a wide variety of polar organic compounds. The unique geographical character of SPL allows for extended observations/sampling of the free tropospheric interface. Under variable meteorological conditions between January 9th and January14th 2007, the most abundant compounds were levoglucosan (9-72 ng m(-3)), palmitic acid (10-40 ng m-3) and succinic acid (18-27 ng m(-3)). Of 84 analytes included in the GC-MS method, over 50 individual water extractable polar organic compounds (POC) were present at concentrations greater than 0.1 ng m(-3). During a snow event (Jan. 11th-13th), the concentrations of several presumed atmospheric transformation compounds (dicarboxylic acids) were reduced. Lower actinic flux, reduced transport distance, and ice crystal scavenging may explain this variability. Diurnal averages over the sampling period revealed a higher total concentration of water extractable POC at night, 211 ng m(-3) (105-265 ng m(-3)), versus day, 160 ng m(-3) (137-205 ng m(-3)), which suggests a more aged nighttime aerosol character. This may be due to the increased daytime convective mixing of local primary emissions from the Yampa Valley. XAD resin extracts revealed a gas-phase partitioning of several compounds, and analysis of cloud water collected at this site in 2002 revealed a similar compound abundance trend. Levoglucosan, a wood smoke tracer was generally found to be the most abundant compound in both aerosol and cloud water samples. Variations in meteorological parameters and local/regional transport analysis play an important interpretive role in understanding these results. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Samy, Shar; Mishra, Subhashree; Zielinska, Barbara; Hallar, Anna G.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Mazzoleni, Lynn R.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Chem, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Hallar, Anna G.] Storm Peak Lab, Steamboat Springs, CO USA. RP Samy, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Samy.Shar@epa.gov RI Mazzoleni, Lynn/H-6545-2011; Hallar, Anna Gannet/I-9104-2012 OI Mazzoleni, Lynn/0000-0002-0226-7337; Hallar, Anna Gannet/0000-0001-9972-0056 FU NSF ATM [0451374]; University of Nevada; Reno; DRI FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Ian McCubbin, Dr. Melanie Wetzel, Dr. Randy Borys, and Dr. Doug Lowenthal for their support and advice at SPL Larry Sheetz and Anna Cunningham at DRI, provided essential support with sampling equipment. Dr. Mike Kaplan provided valuable insight on the dynamics discussion. Sounding observations were made by NCAR/EOL under the sponsorship of NSF ATM grant #0451374. Support for this research was also provided by the Atmospheric Sciences Program at the University of Nevada, Reno and DRI. A permittee of the MedicineBow Routt National Forests, DRI is an equal opportunity service NR 70 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2010 VL 44 IS 13 BP 1663 EP 1671 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.01.033 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 589OT UT WOS:000277162200009 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Bhattacharya, S Kline, DE Crawford, RB Conolly, RB Thomas, RS Kaminski, NE Andersen, ME AF Zhang, Qiang Bhattacharya, Sudin Kline, Douglas E. Crawford, Robert B. Conolly, Rory B. Thomas, Russell S. Kaminski, Norbert E. Andersen, Melvin E. TI Stochastic Modeling of B Lymphocyte Terminal Differentiation and Its Suppression by Dioxin SO BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-CELL DIFFERENTIATION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BLIMP-1; EUKARYOTIC GENE-EXPRESSION; HUMAN SOMATIC-CELLS; POSITIVE-FEEDBACK; LINEAGE-COMMITMENT; PROGENITOR CELLS; GROUCHO FAMILY; REPRESSION; NOISE AB Background: Upon antigen encounter, naive B lymphocytes differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells. This humoral immune response is suppressed by the environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and other dioxin-like compounds, which belong to the family of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists. Results: To achieve a better understanding of the immunotoxicity of AhR agonists and their associated health risks, we have used computer simulations to study the behavior of the gene regulatory network underlying B cell terminal differentiation. The core of this network consists of two coupled double-negative feedback loops involving transcriptional repressors Bcl-6, Blimp-1, and Pax5. Bifurcation analysis indicates that the feedback network can constitute a bistable system with two mutually exclusive transcriptional profiles corresponding to naive B cells and plasma cells. Although individual B cells switch to the plasma cell state in an all-or-none fashion when stimulated by the polyclonal activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS), stochastic fluctuations in gene expression make the switching event probabilistic, leading to heterogeneous differentiation response among individual B cells. Moreover, stochastic gene expression renders the dose-response behavior of a population of B cells substantially graded, a result that is consistent with experimental observations. The steepness of the dose response curve for the number of plasma cells formed vs. LPS dose, as evaluated by the apparent Hill coefficient, is found to be inversely correlated to the noise level in Blimp-1 gene expression. Simulations illustrate how, through AhR-mediated repression of the AP-1 protein, TCDD reduces the probability of LPS-stimulated B cell differentiation. Interestingly, stochastic simulations predict that TCDD may destabilize the plasma cell state, possibly leading to a reversal to the B cell phenotype. Conclusion: Our results suggest that stochasticity in gene expression, which renders a graded response at the cell population level, may have been exploited by the immune system to launch humoral immune response of a magnitude appropriately tuned to the antigen dose. In addition to suppressing the initiation of the humoral immune response, dioxin-like compounds may also disrupt the maintenance of the acquired immunity. C1 [Zhang, Qiang; Bhattacharya, Sudin; Thomas, Russell S.; Andersen, Melvin E.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Div Computat Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kline, Douglas E.; Crawford, Robert B.; Kaminski, Norbert E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kline, Douglas E.; Crawford, Robert B.; Kaminski, Norbert E.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Conolly, Rory B.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Div Computat Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM qzhang@thehamner.org OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811; Thomas, Russell/0000-0002-2340-0301 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42ES04911] FX We would like to thank the Superfund Research Program (P42ES04911) from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences for supporting this work. NR 104 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1752-0509 J9 BMC SYST BIOL JI BMC Syst. Biol. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 4 AR 40 DI 10.1186/1752-0509-4-40 PG 18 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 589AO UT WOS:000277116400001 PM 20359356 ER PT J AU Eisner, AD Rosati, J Wiener, R AF Eisner, A. D. Rosati, J. Wiener, R. TI Experimental and theoretical investigation of particle-laden airflow under a prosthetic mechanical foot in motion SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Reentrainment; Contaminant dispersion; Particles; Corner flow; Walking ID PARTICULATE MATTER; RESUSPENSION; DEPOSITION; SURFACES; SIZE; TRANSPORT AB This research effort was aimed at understanding how foot motion affects air transport and thus how walking affects contaminant dispersion. Particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) showed that during a rotational motion of the foot (typical footstep), a draft corner flow develops that carries particles from heel to toe. Foot contact with the floor may result in one or both of two types of reentrainment: (1) particles become airborne due to detachment from the floor, and (2) particles are first collected by the foot cover (e.g., Tyvek) and then detached from the foot into the airflow produced by the foot rotation. The airflow under the rotating foot was modeled as a rotating corner flow, and it was shown that such modeling can capture major characteristics of the airflow generated by the rotating foot and can explain how rotational foot motion contributes to reentrainment and dispersion of contaminants. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Eisner, A. D.] Alion Sci & Technol, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Rosati, J.; Wiener, R.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Eisner, AD (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technol, POB 12313, Durham, NC 27709 USA. EM eisner.alfred@epa.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD APR PY 2010 VL 45 IS 4 BP 878 EP 886 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.09.007 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 548FO UT WOS:000273945300010 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Climate geoengineering SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.go NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X EI 1618-9558 J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD APR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 SI SI BP 91 EP 92 PG 2 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 573YE UT WOS:000275952500003 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Climate geoengineering SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.go NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X EI 1618-9558 J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD APR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 SI SI BP 91 EP 91 PG 1 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 573YE UT WOS:000275952500002 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Climate warming effects on plants SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.go NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD APR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 SI SI BP 92 EP 92 PG 1 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 573YE UT WOS:000275952500005 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Global photovoltaic production SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.go NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD APR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 SI SI BP 92 EP 92 PG 1 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 573YE UT WOS:000275952500006 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Metrics for sustainable chemistry SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.go NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD APR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 SI SI BP 92 EP 92 PG 1 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 573YE UT WOS:000275952500004 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Hydrogen storage SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.go NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD APR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 SI SI BP 93 EP 94 PG 2 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 573YE UT WOS:000275952500009 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Bioengineered crop limitations SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.go NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD APR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 SI SI BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 573YE UT WOS:000275952500008 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Marine litter problems SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.go NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD APR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 SI SI BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 573YE UT WOS:000275952500007 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Virtual journal issues SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.go NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD APR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 SI SI BP 94 EP 95 PG 2 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 573YE UT WOS:000275952500012 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Methanol from carbon dioxide SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.go NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD APR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 SI SI BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 573YE UT WOS:000275952500010 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Changes in American agriculture to realize biofuel and bioploymer roles SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.go NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD APR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 SI SI BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 573YE UT WOS:000275952500011 ER PT J AU Xu, XZ Zhao, CX Wang, LY Tu, L Fang, XS Zheng, CL Edin, ML Zeldin, DC Wang, DW AF Xu, Xizhen Zhao, Chun Xia Wang, Luyun Tu, Ling Fang, Xiaosai Zheng, Changlong Edin, Matthew L. Zeldin, Darryl C. Wang, Dao Wen TI Increased CYP2J3 Expression Reduces Insulin Resistance in Fructose-Treated Rats and db/db Mice SO DIABETES LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; DEPENDENT ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; HUMAN TISSUE KALLIKREIN; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; FUNCTIONAL-SIGNIFICANCE AB OBJECTIVE-Accumulating evidence suggests that cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases metabolize arachidonic acid into epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which play crucial and diverse roles in cardiovascular homeostasis. The anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and pro-proliferative effects of EETs suggest a possible beneficial role for EETs on insulin resistance and diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-This study investigated the effects of CYP2J3 epoxygenase gene therapy on insulin resistance and blood pressure in diabetic db/db mice and in a model of fructose-induced hypertension and insulin resistance in rats. RESULTS-CYP2J3 gene delivery in vivo increased EET generation, reduced blood pressure, and reversed insulin resistance as determined by plasma glucose levels, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index, and glucose tolerance test. Furthermore, CYP2J3 treatment prevented fructose-induced decreases in insulin receptor signaling and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPKs) in liver, muscle, heart, kidney, and aorta. Thus, overexpression of CYP2J3 protected against diabetes and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues through activation of insulin receptor and AMPK pathways. CONCLUSIONS-These results highlight the beneficial roles of the CYP epoxygenase-EET system in diabetes and insulin resistance. Diabetes 59:997-1005, 2010 C1 [Xu, Xizhen; Zhao, Chun Xia; Wang, Luyun; Tu, Ling; Fang, Xiaosai; Zheng, Changlong; Wang, Dao Wen] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Dept Internal Med, Tongji Hosp, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Xu, Xizhen; Zhao, Chun Xia; Wang, Luyun; Tu, Ling; Fang, Xiaosai; Zheng, Changlong; Wang, Dao Wen] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Inst Hypertens, Tongji Hosp, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Edin, Matthew L.; Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wang, DW (reprint author), Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Dept Internal Med, Tongji Hosp, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. EM dwwang@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn OI Edin, Matthew/0000-0002-7042-500X FU National Education Ministration project; Nature Science Foundation [30930039, 30700377]; Wuhan project [200870834407]; 973 program [2007CB512004]; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This work was supported in part by funds from the National Education Ministration project, Nature Science Foundation Committee projects (Nos. 30930039 and 30700377), Wuhan project (200870834407), 973 program (2007CB512004), and the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 43 TC 56 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD APR PY 2010 VL 59 IS 4 BP 997 EP 1005 DI 10.2337/db09-1241 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 582MH UT WOS:000276601200025 PM 20068141 ER EF