FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Barnewall, RE Comer, JE Miller, BD Gutting, BW Wolfe, DN Director-Myska, AE Nichols, TL Taft, SC AF Barnewall, Roy E. Comer, Jason E. Miller, Brian D. Gutting, Bradford W. Wolfe, Daniel N. Director-Myska, Alison E. Nichols, Tonya L. Taft, Sarah C. TI Achieving consistent multiple daily low-dose Bacillus anthracis spore inhalation exposures in the rabbit model SO FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; inhalation exposures; low-dose; subchronic exposures; spores; anthrax; aerosol system ID BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; PROTECTS RABBITS; GUINEA-PIGS; VACCINE; AEROSOLIZATION; MICROORGANISMS; IMMUNIZATION; MANAGEMENT; CHALLENGE AB Repeated low-level exposures to biological agents could occur before or after the remediation of an environmental release. This is especially true for persistent agents such as B. anthracis spores, the causative agent of anthrax. Studies were conducted to examine aerosol methods needed for consistent daily low aerosol concentrations to deliver a low-dose (less than 106 colony forming units (CFU) of B. anthracis spores) and included a pilot feasibility characterization study, acute exposure study, and a multiple 15 day exposure study. This manuscript focuses on the state-of-the-science aerosol methodologies used to generate and aerosolize consistent daily low aerosol concentrations and resultant low inhalation doses to rabbits. The pilot feasibility characterization study determined that the aerosol system was consistent and capable of producing very low aerosol concentrations. In the acute, single day exposure experiment, targeted inhaled doses of 1 x 102, 1 x 103, 1 x 104, and 1 x 105 CFU were used. In the multiple daily exposure experiment, rabbits were exposed multiple days to targeted inhaled doses of 1 x 102, 1 x 103, and 1 x 104 CFU. In all studies, targeted inhaled doses remained consistent from rabbit-to-rabbit and day-to-day. The aerosol system produced aerosolized spores within the optimal mass median aerodynamic diameter particle size range to reach deep lung alveoli. Consistency of the inhaled dose was aided by monitoring and recording respiratory parameters during the exposure with real-time plethysmography. Overall, the presented results show that the animal aerosol system was stable and highly reproducible between different studies and over multiple exposure days. C1 [Barnewall, Roy E.; Comer, Jason E.; Miller, Brian D.] Battelle Mem Inst, Battelle Biomed Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Gutting, Bradford W.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Dept Def, Dahlgren, VA USA. [Wolfe, Daniel N.; Director-Myska, Alison E.] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Dept Def, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. [Nichols, Tonya L.; Taft, Sarah C.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Taft, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr,MS NG-16, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM taft.sarah@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development [DW9792208901]; Defense Technical Information Center; Battelle Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense Information Analysis Center (CBRNIAC) [SP0-700-00-D-3180]; Department of Defense's Defense Threat Reduction Agency; EPA [BA06TAS022, CBS.PHYSIO.01.10.SW.005] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development co-funded and managed the research described herein under Interagency Agreement DW9792208901 with the Defense Technical Information Center, and in turn through Battelle Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense Information Analysis Center (CBRNIAC) Contract SP0-700-00-D-3180. The Department of Defense's Defense Threat Reduction Agency collaborated with EPA to fund the research herein under project numbers BA06TAS022 and CBS.PHYSIO.01.10.SW.005. No official endorsement should be inferred. EPA does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 2235-2988 J9 FRONT CELL INFECT MI JI Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 2 AR UNSP 71 DI 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00071 PG 9 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 221AI UT WOS:000324628800001 PM 22919662 ER PT J AU Gutting, BW Nichols, TL Channel, SR Gearhart, JM Andrews, GA Berger, AE Mackie, RS Watson, BJ Taft, SC Overheim, KA Sherwood, RL AF Gutting, Bradford W. Nichols, Tonya L. Channel, Stephen R. Gearhart, Jeffery M. Andrews, George A. Berger, Alan E. Mackie, Ryan S. Watson, Brent J. Taft, Sarah C. Overheim, Katie A. Sherwood, Robert L. TI Inhalational anthrax (Ames aerosol) in naive and vaccinated New Zealand rabbits: characterizing the spread of bacteria from lung deposition to bacteremia SO FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inhalational; anthrax; Ames; rabbit; deposition; lung; lymph; blood ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; IN-VIVO; INCUBATION PERIOD; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; PULMONARY ANTHRAX; HOST RESPONSE; MURINE MODEL; MOUSE MODEL; SPORES; GERMINATION AB There is a need to better understand inhalational anthrax in relevant animal models. This understanding could aid risk assessment, help define therapeutic windows, and provide a better understanding of disease. The aim here was to characterize and quantify bacterial deposition and dissemination in rabbits following exposure to single high aerosol dose (>100 LD50) of Bacillus anthracis (Ames) spores immediately following exposure through 36 h. The primary goal of collecting the data was to support investigators in developing computational models of inhalational anthrax disease. Rabbits were vaccinated prior to exposure with the human vaccine (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed, AVA) or were sham-vaccinated, and were then exposed in pairs (one sham and one AVA) so disease kinetics could be characterized in equally-dosed hosts where one group is fully protected and is able to clear the infection (AVA-vaccinated), while the other is susceptible to disease, in which case the bacteria are able to escape containment and replicate uncontrolled (sham-vaccinated rabbits). Between 4-5% of the presented aerosol dose was retained in the lung of sham- and AVA-vaccinated rabbits as measured by dilution plate analysis of homogenized lung tissue or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. After 6 and 36 h, >80% and >96%, respectively, of the deposited spores were no longer detected in BAL, with no detectable difference between sham- or AVA-vaccinated rabbits. Thereafter, differences between the two groups became noticeable. In sham-vaccinated rabbits the bacteria were detected in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLN) 12 h post-exposure and in the circulation at 24 h, a time point which was also associated with dramatic increases in vegetative CFU in the lung tissue of some animals. In all sham-vaccinated rabbits, bacteria increased in both TBLN and blood through 36 h at which point in time some rabbits succumbed to disease. In contrast, AVA-vaccinated rabbits showed small numbers of CFU in TBLN between 24 and 36 h post-exposure with small numbers of bacteria in the circulation only at 24 h post-exposure. These results characterize and quantify disease progression in naive rabbits following aerosol administration of Ames spores which may be useful in a number of different research applications, including developing quantitative models of infection for use in human inhalational anthrax risk assessment. C1 [Gutting, Bradford W.; Andrews, George A.; Berger, Alan E.; Mackie, Ryan S.; Watson, Brent J.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Nichols, Tonya L.; Taft, Sarah C.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Channel, Stephen R.] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Edgewood, MD USA. [Overheim, Katie A.; Sherwood, Robert L.] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Gutting, BW (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgren Div, CBR Concepts & Expt Branch, 4045 Higley Rd,Suite 345, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM dlgr_nswc_z20@navy.mil FU Environmental Protection Agency [DW17922155-01-1]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [BA06TAS022] FX This work was supported by the Environmental Protection Agency (DW17922155-01-1) and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (BA06TAS022). NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 2235-2988 J9 FRONT CELL INFECT MI JI Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 2 AR UNSP 87 DI 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00087 PG 12 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 221AI UT WOS:000324628800014 PM 22919678 ER PT J AU Katz, LM Frank, JE McGwin, G Finch, A Gordon, CJ AF Katz, Laurence M. Frank, Jonathan E. McGwin, Gerald, Jr. Finch, Alex Gordon, Christopher J. TI Induction of a Prolonged Hypothermic State by Drug-induced Reduction in the Thermoregulatory Set-Point SO THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA AND TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Background: The marked improvement in outcome following induction of hypothermia after cardiac arrest has spurred the search for better methods to induce cooling. A regulated decrease in core temperature mediated by a drug-induced reduction in the set point for thermoregulation may be an ideal means of inducing hypothermia. To this end, the exploratory drug HBN-1 was assessed as a means to induce mild and prolonged hypothermia. Methods: Free moving rats were infused i.v. for 12 hours with: a vehicle at room temperature (normothermia), a vehicle chilled to 4 degrees C (forced hypothermia), or HBN-1 (mixture of ethanol, lidocaine, and vasopressin) at room temperature. Core (intra-abdominal) temperature (T-c) was measured telemetrically, tail skin temperature (T-tail) by infrared thermography, metabolic rate (MR) was estimated with indirect calorimetery, and shivering was scored visually. Results: HBN-1 elicited a reduction in T-c from 37.5 degrees C to 34 degrees C within 80 minutes after initiation of the infusion; T-c was maintained between 33 degrees C and 34 degrees C for more than 13 hours. HBN-1 infusion was associated with a reduction in MR (p=0.0006), a slight reduction in T-tail, and no evidence of shivering (p<0.001). The forced hypothermia group displayed shivering (p<0.001), a significant increase in MR, and a decrease in T-tail, indicative of peripheral vasoconstriction to reduce heat loss. Conclusion: HBN-1 infusion induced a mild and prolonged hypothermia in free moving, unanesthetized rats characterized by modulation of thermoeffectors to reduce heat gain and increase heat loss. HBN-1 thus appears to elicit regulated hypothermia and may provide a new method for achieving a prolonged state of therapeutic hypothermia. C1 [Katz, Laurence M.; Frank, Jonathan E.; Finch, Alex] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [McGwin, Gerald, Jr.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Gordon, Christopher J.] US EPA, Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Katz, LM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, 170 Manning Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Lkatz@med.unc.edu FU National Institute of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke FX The study was supported by a grant from The National Institute of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2153-7658 EI 2153-7933 J9 THER HYPOTHERMIA TEM JI Ther. Hypothermia Temp. Manag. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 2 IS 2 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1089/ther.2012.0011 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA V38PK UT WOS:000209355100005 PM 23667774 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ AF Ghio, Andrew J. TI Anemia and global iron fortification and supplementation SO ANNALS OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID SERUM FERRITIN; RISK; DISEASE; STORES; MEN C1 [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0939-5555 J9 ANN HEMATOL JI Ann. Hematol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 91 IS 6 BP 957 EP 958 DI 10.1007/s00277-011-1335-8 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 939HT UT WOS:000303800800017 PM 21938446 ER PT J AU Calfee, MW Wendling, M AF Calfee, M. Worth Wendling, M. TI The effects of environmental conditions on persistence and inactivation of Brucella suis on building material surfaces SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological agent; Brucella suis; brucellosis; decontamination; persistence ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; AGENTS; DISINFECTANTS; SPORES AB Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of environmental conditions and material type on persistence and inactivation of Brucella suis. Methods and Results: Brucella suis (approx. 1 x 108 CFU) was spiked onto surfaces (glass, aluminium and wood) by liquid inoculation. Persistence was evaluated over 56 days at 22 +/- 2 degrees C, 40 +/- 15% r.h. and 5 +/- 3 degrees C, 30 +/- 15% r.h. In addition, three readily available decontaminants (pH-adjusted bleach, 70% ethanol and 1% citric acid) were evaluated for their effectiveness at inactivating Br. suis on these materials. Decontaminations were conducted following 0 and 28 days exposure to the two conditions. Results indicated that Br. suis can persist on environmental surfaces for at least 56 days. Persistence was highest at low temperature. Decontamination was most challenging on wood with all three decontaminants. Conclusions: Following a Br. suis contamination incident, passive decontamination (through attenuation) may not be feasible, as this organism can persist for months. In addition, the results suggest that some sporicidal decontaminants may be ineffective on materials such as wood, even for vegetative biological agents such as Br. suis. Significance and Impact of Study: This study aids incident commanders and remediation experts to make informed decisions regarding decontamination after a biological contamination incident. C1 [Calfee, M. Worth] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wendling, M.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Calfee, MW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr MD E343 06, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM calfee.worth@epa.gov FU Battelle Memorial Institute [EP-C-10-001] FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and directed the research described herein under EP-C-10-001 with Battelle Memorial Institute. It has been subject to an administrative review but does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. No official endorsement should be inferred. EPA does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 54 IS 6 BP 504 EP 510 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2012.03237.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 940UF UT WOS:000303917900004 PM 22409312 ER PT J AU Murray-Hudson, M Lane, CR North, S Brown, MT AF Murray-Hudson, M. Lane, C. R. North, S. Brown, M. T. TI Macrophyte Species Distribution, Indices of Biotic Integrity, and Sampling Intensity in Isolated Florida Marshes SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Marsh; Flatwoods pond; Species distribution; Sampling effort; Indicator species ID ISOLATED WETLANDS; WATER-DEPTH; USA; TOLERANCE; CYPRESS; PLANTS AB This study examined the distribution of wetland plants used in macrophyte-based index of biotic integrity (IBI) metrics to determine the effectiveness of zone sampling in assessing wetland condition. Using sampling data from a previous study of 74 emergent isolated wetlands, macrophyte taxonomic data and resulting IBI metrics were analyzed for various wetland zones and compared against the original site metrics. Zones were defined by parsing each sampling transect (from wetland edge to center) into thirds-creating an outer, intermediate, and inner zone-and constructing two additional zones representing two-thirds of the original sampling area-an outer plus intermediate zone and an intermediate plus inner zone. While a highly-significant decrease in mean species richness was observed from the wetland exterior to interior, there were no significant differences between metric values derived from site data and those derived from zone data. Linear correlations between metrics from the outer zone and site data were highly significant ( > 0.94), but linear correlation strength decreased with the intermediate and inner zones, respectively. Thus, macrophyte-based indicators of biological integrity can be efficiently assessed by sampling the outer third of a wetland-a 66% reduction in the area and effort required to monitor isolated wetland condition. C1 [Lane, C. R.; North, S.] US EPA, Dynamac Corp, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Murray-Hudson, M.; Brown, M. T.] Univ Florida, Howard T Odum Ctr Wetlands, Phelps Lab 100, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lane, CR (reprint author), US EPA, Dynamac Corp, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 579, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lane.charles@epa.gov RI Murray-Hudson, Michael/N-1140-2013 OI Murray-Hudson, Michael/0000-0001-6873-0913 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-06-096] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract number EP-D-06-096 to Dynamac Corporation. Although reviewed by the US EPA and approved for publication, this manuscript does not necessarily reflect official US EPA policy. Justicia Rhodus, Dynamac Corporation, provided technical review and editing services, although any inadequacies in this manuscript remain our own. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 449 EP 460 DI 10.1007/s13157-012-0278-8 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940IV UT WOS:000303884100005 ER PT J AU Pawel, DJ Puskin, JS AF Pawel, David J. Puskin, Jerome S. TI US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY RADIOGENIC RISK MODELS AND PROJECTIONS FOR THE US POPULATION SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cancer; health effects; radiation risk; risk estimates ID SOLID CANCER INCIDENCE; ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; POOLED ANALYSIS; RADIATION AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has updated its estimates of cancer incidence and mortality risks due to low doses of ionizing radiation for the U.S. population as well as their scientific basis. For the most part, these estimates were calculated using models recommended in the recent National Academy of Sciences' (BEIR VII) report on health effects from low levels of ionizing radiation. However, a number of modifications and extensions to the BEIR VII approach have been implemented. Most notably, risk estimates are included for: 1) alpha particles; 2) additional cancer sites (basal cell carcinomas, kidney cancer, bone sarcomas); and 3) cancers from prenatal exposures. In addition, unlike in BEIR VII, the primary numerical estimates of lifetime risk are for a stationary population instead of the U.S. census population. For uniform whole-body exposures of low dose gamma radiation to the entire population, the cancer incidence risk coefficient (Gy(-1)) is 1.16 x 10(-1) (5.6 x 10(-2) to 2.1 x 10(-1)), where the numbers in parentheses represent an estimated 90% uncertainty interval. The corresponding coefficient for cancer mortality (Gy(-1)) is about one-half that for incidence: 5.8 x 10(-2) (2.8 x 10(-2) to 1.0 x 10(-1)). In addition, a somewhat altered and expanded analysis of uncertainties in the cancer risk estimates is provided. It is anticipated that results summarized here will be applied to update the Agency's next revision of Federal Guidance Report 13, which tabulates cancer risk coefficients for specific radionuclides. Health Phys. 102(6):646-656;2012 C1 [Pawel, David J.; Puskin, Jerome S.] US Environm Protect Agcy MC 6608J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Pawel, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW,MC 6608J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM pawel.david@epa.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 BP 646 EP 656 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e318242794c PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 937OD UT WOS:000303666900006 ER PT J AU Ni, L Lau, SK Li, H Zhang, T Stansbury, JS Shi, J Neal, J AF Ni, L. Lau, S. K. Li, H. Zhang, T. Stansbury, J. S. Shi, Jonathan Neal, Jill TI Feasibility study of a localized residential grey water energy-recovery system SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Energy management systems; Energy-recovery; Heat pumps; Heat recovery units; Water heaters; Grey water ID DOMESTIC HOT-WATER; AIR-CONDITIONER; HEAT-EXCHANGER; WASTE-WATER AB In order to improve the overall efficiency of building energy usage, a grey water energy-recovery system, which adopted a multiple-function heat pump system, was proposed for domestic water heating, and space heating and cooling of buildings. A numerical model has been developed for investigation of annual energy and water consumptions of the proposed system and the conventional building energy system with gas furnace space heating, package air-conditioning, and electricity water heater for hot water heating. Based on a case study of a typical residential house with four family members and three bedrooms in New York, NY, results show that the overall source energy consumption with the proposed system decreases 33.9% for space heating and cooling and hot water heating, and also the potable water consumption reduces 27.2% compared with those of the conventional system. An extended study with fourteen other cities was performed in various climate zones in the U.S. Among these 15 cities, the savings in source energy and potable water consumption have ranges of 17%-57.9% and 15%-34.1%, respectively. The results also show the proposed system can provide substantial energy and potable water savings, particularly with moderate outdoor temperature. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lau, S. K.; Li, H.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Charles W Durham Sch Architectural Engn & Constru, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Ni, L.] Harbin Inst Technol, Dept Bldg Thermal Engn, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China. [Zhang, T.; Stansbury, J. S.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Civil Engn, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Shi, Jonathan] Univ Florida, Coll Design Construct & Planning, Gainesville, FL USA. [Neal, Jill] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Lau, SK (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Charles W Durham Sch Architectural Engn & Constru, 1110 S 67th Sr, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. EM slau3@unl.edu OI Lau, Siu-Kit/0000-0002-2357-8281 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR-83419301]; Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences Research FX The financial supports of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (CR-83419301) and Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences Research are gratefully acknowledged. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 39 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.01.031 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA 924DD UT WOS:000302670200008 ER PT J AU Notarnicola, B Hayashi, K Curran, MA Huisingh, D AF Notarnicola, Bruno Hayashi, Kiyotada Curran, Mary Ann Huisingh, Donald TI Progress in working towards a more sustainable agri-food industry SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE Life cycle assessment; Food; Bio-based materials; Sustainable agriculture; Genetically modified; Growth hormones; Pesticides; Terminator genes ID BIODIVERSITY AB The human health and environmental issues related to food, feed, and bio-based systems, range widely from greenhouse gas emissions and energy use to land use, water availability, soil quality, water quality and quantity, biodiversity losses, and chemical exposure. Threats that stem from other issues, including food quality and food security, the development of genetically modified organisms, desertification, pesticide exposure, antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms, growth hormone residues in food, etc., are of concern. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology provides the organizing framework to holistically evaluate the environmental impacts of products and production systems, whether it's to make a durable, disposable or edible good. The use of LCA in environmental management and sustainability has grown rapidly in recent years as demonstrated by the increasing number of published papers on LCA methodology and case studies, which totaled over 4,500 by 2010. Recognizing the need to focus on the impacts of the agri-food industry, this special issue was developed by selecting sixteen papers from the 85 presented at the Bari LCA Food 2010 conference, and publishing them with eight papers submitted as part of the normal flow to the journal of Cleaner Production on food-related subjects. The papers in this special issue include case studies from LCAs on relevant dimensions of production of a wide array of types of food, discussions on methodological issues, especially water and land use, the application of product certification schemes, and food preservation. The editors of this special issue acknowledge that progress has been made in strengthening the LCA tools but challenge all LCA practitioners and researchers to push the envelope on LCA methodology and encourage them to develop tools that dynamically address the diverse, rapidly evolving issues related to agricultural products that are not currently addressed. It is hoped the challenges that are outlined in this Special Issue will stimulate many to make progress on improving the food LCA tools prior to the next food LCA conference in this series, which will be held in Saint-Malo. France, on 2-4 October 2012. For more information, visit: https://colloque.inra.fr/lcafood2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Curran, Mary Ann] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Notarnicola, Bruno] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Ionian Dept Law Econ & Environm, Bari, Italy. [Hayashi, Kiyotada] Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Agr Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058666, Japan. [Huisingh, Donald] Univ Tennessee, Inst Secure & Sustainable Environm, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Curran, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM brunonotarnicola@gmail.com; Hayashi@affrc.go.jp; Curran.MaryAnn@epa.gov; donaldhuisingh@comcast.net OI Curran, Mary Ann/0000-0001-8565-9928 NR 28 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 17 U2 127 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 28 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.02.007 PG 8 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 920VT UT WOS:000302437300001 ER PT J AU Jagai, JS Sarkar, R Castronovo, D Kattula, D McEntee, J Ward, H Kang, G Naumova, EN AF Jagai, Jyotsna S. Sarkar, Rajiv Castronovo, Denise Kattula, Deepthi McEntee, Jesse Ward, Honorine Kang, Gagandeep Naumova, Elena N. TI Seasonality of Rotavirus in South Asia: A Meta-Analysis Approach Assessing Associations with Temperature, Precipitation, and Vegetation Index SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HOSPITAL-BASED SURVEILLANCE; AGED LESS-THAN-5 YEARS; ACUTE WATERY DIARRHEA; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; GLOBAL SEASONALITY; CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; GENOMIC DIVERSITY; NORTHERN INDIA; DISEASE BURDEN; BIRTH COHORT AB Background: Rotavirus infection causes a significant proportion of diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide leading to dehydration, hospitalization, and in some cases death. Rotavirus infection represents a significant burden of disease in developing countries, such as those in South Asia. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis to examine how patterns of rotavirus infection relate to temperature and precipitation in South Asia. Monthly rotavirus data were abstracted from 39 published epidemiological studies and related to monthly aggregated ambient temperature and cumulative precipitation for each study location using linear mixed-effects models. We also considered associations with vegetation index, gathered from remote sensing data. Finally, we assessed whether the relationship varied in tropical climates and humid mid-latitude climates. Results: Overall, as well as in tropical and humid mid-latitude climates, low temperature and precipitation levels are significant predictors of an increased rate of rotaviral diarrhea. A 1 degrees C decrease in monthly ambient temperature and a decrease of 10 mm in precipitation are associated with 1.3% and 0.3% increase above the annual level in rotavirus infections, respectively. When assessing lagged relationships, temperature and precipitation in the previous month remained significant predictors and the association with temperature was stronger in the tropical climate. The same association was seen for vegetation index; a seasonal decline of 0.1 units results in a 3.8% increase in rate of rotavirus. Conclusions: In South Asia the highest rate of rotavirus was seen in the colder, drier months. Meteorological characteristics can be used to better focus and target public health prevention programs. C1 [Jagai, Jyotsna S.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jagai, Jyotsna S.; Ward, Honorine; Naumova, Elena N.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Sarkar, Rajiv; Kattula, Deepthi; Ward, Honorine; Kang, Gagandeep; Naumova, Elena N.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. [Castronovo, Denise] Mapping Sustainabil LLC, Jupiter, FL USA. [McEntee, Jesse] Cardiff Univ, ESRC Ctr Business Relationships Accountabil Susta, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. [Naumova, Elena N.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Sch Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Jagai, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM jagai.jyotsna@epa.gov; elena.naumova@tufts.edu OI Naumova, Elena/0000-0002-9562-4734; Kang, Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [NIEHS ES 013171]; CDC/IMCR; National Institutes of Health (NIH); Ruth L. Kirschstein NIH National Research Trainee Fellowship [T90-DK070117-05]; FIC Global Infectious Disease Research Training grant [D43 TW007392]; PHS grant "Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in India" [R03 TW2711]; PHS grant "Immune Response to Cryptosporidium in a Birth Cohort of Children of South India" [NIAID R01 AI072222]; CDC/Indo-US Concept "Environmental Indicators for Diarrheal Infections in South India"; Global Infectious Disease Research Training Grant [D43TW007392] FX This work was funded in part by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS ES 013171, ENN); CDC/IMCR, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ruth L. Kirschstein NIH National Research Trainee Fellowship (T90-DK070117-05, JSJ); FIC Global Infectious Disease Research Training grant (D43 TW007392, RS); PHS grants "Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in India" (R03 TW2711, GK) and "Immune Response to Cryptosporidium in a Birth Cohort of Children of South India" (NIAID R01 AI072222, HW); CDC/Indo-US Concept "Environmental Indicators for Diarrheal Infections in South India" (ENN); and the Global Infectious Disease Research Training Grant (D43TW007392; GK). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 82 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 31 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e38168 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0038168 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959TY UT WOS:000305338500098 PM 22693594 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Sobus, JR Pleil, JD Madden, MC AF Ghio, Andrew J. Sobus, Jon R. Pleil, Joachim D. Madden, Michael C. TI Controlled human exposures to diesel exhaust SO SWISS MEDICAL WEEKLY LA English DT Review DE vehicle emissions; air pollution; particulate matter; asthma; oxidants ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; HEALTHY-HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; AIR-POLLUTION; PARTICULATE MATTER; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; PULMONARY-DISEASE AB Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate compounds resulting from an incomplete combustion of diesel fuel. Controlled human exposures to diesel exhaust and diesel exhaust particles (DEP) have contributed to understanding health effects. Such acute exposure studies of healthy subjects to diesel exhaust and DEP demonstrate a pro-inflammatory effect in the lung and systemically but only at higher concentrations (with a threshold dose approximating 300 mu g/m(3)). Unexpectedly, there appears to be a lack of an inflammatory response to diesel exhaust and DEP in asthmatic individuals. Controlled human exposure studies of cardiovascular effects show that, comparable to other particle-associated exposures, diesel exhaust has a capacity to precipitate coronary artery disease. In addition, there is a relationship between diesel exhaust and DEP exposure and vascular endpoints; these effects in diesel exhaust may be diminished with removal of DEP. Many extra-pulmonary health effects of diesel exhaust exposure, including systemic inflammation, pro-thrombotic changes, and cardiovascular disease, are considered consequent to pro-inflammatory events and inflammation in the lung. Future research will focus on the relative importance of diesel exhaust components, potential interactions between components and other pollutants, effects in sensitive individuals, and effects of longer or repeated exposures. C1 [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 NR 80 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 28 PU E M H SWISS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS LTD PI MUTTENZ PA FARNSBURGERSTR 8, CH-4132 MUTTENZ, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-7860 J9 SWISS MED WKLY JI Swiss Med. Wkly. PD MAY 31 PY 2012 VL 142 AR w13597 DI 10.4414/smw.2012.13597 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 952RV UT WOS:000304810800011 PM 22653425 ER PT J AU Agarwal, SK Jothi, R AF Agarwal, Sunita K. Jothi, Raja TI Genome-Wide Characterization of Menin-Dependent H3K4me3 Reveals a Specific Role for Menin in the Regulation of Genes Implicated in MEN1-Like Tumors SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; ENDOCRINE-NEOPLASIA TYPE-1; HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE COMPLEX; PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS; SUPPRESSOR MENIN; EXPRESSED GENES; IN-VITRO; DIFFERENTIATION; MICE; LEUKEMIA AB Inactivating mutations in the MEN1 gene predisposing to the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome can also cause sporadic pancreatic endocrine tumors. MEN1 encodes menin, a subunit of MLL1/MLL2-containing histone methyltransferase complexes that trimethylate histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3). The importance of menin-dependent H3K4me3 in normal and transformed pancreatic endocrine cells is unclear. To study the role of menin-dependent H3K4me3, we performed in vitro differentiation of wild-type as well as menin-null mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) into pancreatic islet-like endocrine cells (PILECs). Gene expression analysis and genome-wide H3K4me3 ChIP-Seq profiling in wild-type and menin-null mESCs and PILECs revealed menin-dependent H3K4me3 at the imprinted Dlk1-Meg3 locus in mESCs, and all four Hox loci in differentiated PILECs. Specific and significant loss of H3K4me3 and gene expression was observed for genes within the imprinted Dlk1-Meg3 locus in menin-null mESCs and the Hox loci in menin-null PILECs. Given that the reduced expression of genes within the DLK1-MEG3 locus and the HOX loci is associated with MEN1-like sporadic tumors, our data suggests a possible role for menin-dependent H3K4me3 at these genes in the initiation and progression of sporadic pancreatic endocrine tumors. Furthermore, our investigation also demonstrates that menin-null mESCs can be differentiated in vitro into islet-like endocrine cells, underscoring the utility of menin-null mESC-derived specialized cell types for genome-wide high-throughput studies. C1 [Agarwal, Sunita K.] NIDDK, Metab Dis Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Jothi, Raja] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Syst Biol Sect, Biostat Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Agarwal, SK (reprint author), NIDDK, Metab Dis Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM SunitaA@mail.nih.gov; jothi@mail.nih.gov RI Jothi, Raja/G-3780-2015; Agarwal, Sunita/D-1428-2016 OI Agarwal, Sunita/0000-0002-7557-3191 FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [1ZIADK075035-03]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1ZIAES102625-03] FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (SKA; Project number: 1ZIADK075035-03), and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (RJ; Project number: 1ZIAES102625-03). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 30 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e37952 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0037952 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959YF UT WOS:000305353400061 PM 22666422 ER PT J AU Field, MS Leij, FJ AF Field, Malcolm S. Leij, Feike J. TI Solute transport in solution conduits exhibiting multi-peaked breakthrough curves SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dual-advection dispersion equation; Multi-peaked breakthrough curves; Solution conduits ID TRACER INJECTION TESTS; FIELD; FRACTURES; MODEL AB Solute transport in karst aquifers is primarily constrained to solution conduits where transport is rapid, turbulent, and relatively unrestrictive. Breakthrough curves generated from tracer tests are typically positively-skewed and may exhibit multiple peaks. In order to understand the circumstances under which multi-peaked positively skewed breakthrough curves occur, physical experiments utilizing singleand multiple-flow channels were conducted. Experiments also included waterfalls, short-term solute detention in pools, and flow obstructions. Results demonstrated that breakthrough curve skewness nearly always occurs to some degree but is magnified as immobile-flow regions are encountered. Multi-peaked breakthrough curves occurred when flow in the main channel became partially occluded from blockage in the main channel that forced divergence of solute into auxiliary channels and when waterfalls and detention in pools occurred. Currently, multi-peaked breakthrough curves are fitted by a multi-dispersion model in which a series of curves generated by the advection-dispersion equation are fitted to each measured peak by superimposing the measured breakthrough curve to obtain a combined model fit with a consequent set of estimated velocities and dispersions. In this paper, a dual-advection dispersion equation with first-order mass transfer between conduits was derived. The dual-advection dispersion equation was then applied to the multi-peaked breakthrough curves obtained from the physical experiments in order to obtain some insight into the operative solute-transport processes through the acquisition of a consequent set of velocities, dispersions, and related parameters. Successful application of the dual-advection, dispersion equation to a tracer test that exhibited dual peaks for a karst aquifer known to consist of two connected but mostly separate conduits confirmed the appropriateness of using a multi-dispersion type model when conditions warrant. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Field, Malcolm S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Leij, Feike J.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Civil Engn & Construct Engn Management, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Field, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623P, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM field.malcolm@epa.gov; fleij@csulb.edu OI Field, Malcolm/0000-0002-8350-417X NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 29 PY 2012 VL 440 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.03.018 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 948PB UT WOS:000304514000003 ER PT J AU Ssegane, H Tollner, EW Mohamoud, YM Rasmussen, TC Dowd, JF AF Ssegane, H. Tollner, E. W. Mohamoud, Y. M. Rasmussen, T. C. Dowd, J. F. TI Advances in variable selection methods I: Causal selection methods versus stepwise regression and principal component analysis on data of known and unknown functional relationships SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Causal variable selection; Stepwise regression; Principal component analysis; Watershed variables; Streamflow percentiles ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; FLOW-DURATION CURVES; UNGAUGED CATCHMENTS; HYDROLOGICAL MODEL; REGIONALIZATION; STREAMFLOW; BASINS; CLASSIFICATION; UNCERTAINTY; ALGORITHMS AB Hydrological predictions at a watershed scale are commonly based on extrapolation and upscaling of hydrological behavior at plot and hillslope scales. Yet, dominant hydrological drivers at a hillslope may not be as dominant at the watershed scale because of the heterogeneity of watershed characteristics. With the availability of quantifiable watershed data (watershed descriptors and streamflow indices), variable selection can provide insight into the dominant watershed descriptors that drive different streamflow regimes. Stepwise regression and principal components analysis have long been used to select descriptive variables for relating runoff to climate and watershed descriptors. Questions have remained regarding the robustness of the selected descriptors. This paper evaluates five new approaches: Grow-Shrink, GS; a variant of Incremental Association Markov Boundary, interIAMBnPC; Local Causal Discovery, LCD2; HITON Markov Blanket, HITON-MB: and First-Order Utility, FOU. We demonstrate their performance by quantifying their accuracy, consistency and predictive potential compared to stepwise regression and principal component analysis on two known functional relationships. The results show that the variables selected by HITON-MB and the first-order utility are the most accurate while variables selected by Stepwise regression, although not accurate have a high predictive potential. Therefore, a model with high predictive power may not necessary represent the underlying hydrological processes of a watershed system. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ssegane, H.; Tollner, E. W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Mohamoud, Y. M.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Rasmussen, T. C.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Dowd, J. F.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Tollner, EW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM seganeh@uga.edu; btollner@engr.uga.edu; Mohamoud.Yusuf@epamail.epa.gov; trasmuss@uga.edu; jdowd@uga.edu RI Ssegane, Herbert/K-8098-2014 NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 17 PY 2012 VL 438 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.01.008 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 948MF UT WOS:000304506600003 ER PT J AU Ssegane, H Tollner, EW Mohamoud, YM Rasmussen, TC Dowd, JF AF Ssegane, H. Tollner, E. W. Mohamoud, Y. M. Rasmussen, T. C. Dowd, J. F. TI Advances in variable selection methods II: Effect of variable selection method on classification of hydrologically similar watersheds in three Mid-Atlantic ecoregions SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Watershed classification; Hydrological simillarity; Streamflow indices; Causal variable selection; Stepwise regression; Principal component analysis ID FLOOD FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; HOMOGENEOUS REGIONS; MODEL PARAMETERS; REGIONALIZATION; CATCHMENTS; STREAMFLOW; BASINS; ALGORITHMS AB Hydrological flow predictions in ungauged and sparsely gauged watersheds use regionalization or classification of hydrologically similar watersheds to develop empirical relationships between hydrologic, climatic, and watershed variables. The watershed classifications may be based on geographic proximity, regional frameworks such as ecoregions or classification using cluster analysis of watershed descriptors. General approaches used in classifying hydrologically similar watersheds use climatic and watershed variables or statistics of streamflow data. Use of climatic and watershed descriptors requires variable selection to minimize redundancy from a large pool of potential variables. This study compares classification performance of four variable groups to identify homogeneous watersheds in three Mid-Atlantic ecoregions (USA): Appalachian Plateau, Piedmont, and Ridge and Valley. The variable groups included: (1) variables that define watershed geographic proximity; (2) variables that define watershed hypsometry; (3) variables selected using causal selection algorithms; and (4) variables selected using principal component analysis (PCA) and stepwise regression. The classification results were compared to reference watersheds classified as homogeneous using three streamflow indices: Slope of flow duration curve; Baseflow index; and Streamflow elasticity using a similarity index (SI). Classification performance was highest using variables selected by causal algorithms (e.g.. HITON-MB method, SI = 0.71 for Appalachian Plateau, SI = 0.90 for Piedmont, and SI = 0.72 for Ridge and Valley) compared to variables selected by stepwise regression (SI = 0.72 for Appalachian Plateau, SI = 0.87 for Piedmont, and SI = 0.64 for Ridge and Valley) and PCA (SI = 0.71 for Appalachian Plateau, SI = 0.76 for Piedmont, and SI = 0.57 for Ridge and Valley). (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ssegane, H.; Tollner, E. W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Mohamoud, Y. M.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Rasmussen, T. C.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Dowd, J. F.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Tollner, EW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM seganeh@uga.edu; btollner@engr.uga.edu; Mohamoud.Yusuf@epamail.epa.gov; trasmuss@uga.edu; jdowd@uga.edu RI Ssegane, Herbert/K-8098-2014 NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 17 PY 2012 VL 438 BP 26 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.01.035 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 948MF UT WOS:000304506600004 ER PT J AU Virkutyte, J Al-Abed, SR Dionysiou, DD AF Virkutyte, Jurate Al-Abed, Souhail R. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Depletion of the protective aluminum hydroxide coating in TiO2-based sunscreens by swimming pool water ingredients SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sunscreen lotion; Nanosized TiO2; Swimming pool water; Al(OH)(3) layer ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; TIO2 PARTICLES; PIGMENTARY PROPERTIES; HYDROUS ALUMINA; RUTILE TIO2; DNA-DAMAGE; NANOPARTICLES; DEGRADATION; SURFACES; OXIDE AB In sunscreen lotion (SSL) formulations, titanium dioxide (nTiO(2)) nanoparticles are coated with an Al(OH)(3) layer to shield against the harmful effects of hydroxyl radicals ((OH)-O-center dot). superoxide anion radicals (O-2(-center dot)), and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g. H2O2) generated when TiO2 nanoparticles are exposed to UV radiation. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure their structural stability in the environment where the protective layer may be compromised and adverse health and environmental effects can occur. The main focal point of our work was to research the stability of the Al(OH)(3) layer in swimming pool water. Thus 2 g L-1 of SSL was subjected to treatment with swimming pool water (SPW) containing from 0.2 to 7 ppm chlorine (HOCl/OCl-) concentrations. The changes in the protective coating of TiO2 nanoparticles were analyzed using several X-ray based microscopic techniques in addition to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Zeta potential measurements. Results indicated that an increase in chlorine concentration in SPW significantly affected the integrity of the Al(OH)(3) protective layer and increased zeta potential from -64 mV to nearly -8 mV, rendering rather unstable TiO2 nanoparticles. The highest redistribution of Al (At%) from similar to 4 to as high as 15.6 was achieved when SSL was subjected to 3.5 and 7 ppm of chlorine in SPW. Results strongly suggest that water chemistry influences the characteristics of TiO2 in sunscreen environment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Virkutyte, Jurate] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, OH FX This research was funded and conducted by the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, OH. This paper has not been subjected to internal policy review of the U.S. EPA. Therefore, the research results do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency or its policy. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors are thankful to Dr. Ratandeep Kukreja for HR-TEM and SEM measurements, and Ms. Geshan Zhang for providing radical production analysis. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1385-8947 J9 CHEM ENG J JI Chem. Eng. J. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 191 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.cej.2012.02.074 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 952LF UT WOS:000304793300011 ER PT J AU Carey, AM Scheckel, KG Lombi, E Newville, M Choi, Y Norton, GJ Price, AH Meharg, AA AF Carey, Anne-Marie Scheckel, Kirk G. Lombi, Enzo Newville, Matt Choi, Yongseong Norton, Gareth J. Price, Adam H. Meharg, Andrew A. TI Grain Accumulation of Selenium Species in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOOD-CHAIN SELENIUM; MATURING WHEAT; HUMAN HEALTH; PHLOEM TRANSPORT; SPECIATION; TRANSLOCATION; SHOOTS; PLANTS; SELENATE; RUBIDIUM AB Efficient Se biofortification programs require a thorough understanding of the accumulation and distribution of Se species within the rice grain. Therefore, the translocation of Se species to the filling grain and their spatial unloading were investigated. Se species were supplied via cut flag leaves of intact plants and excised panicle stems subjected to a +/- stem-girdling treatment during grain fill. Total Se concentrations in the flag leaves and grain were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spatial accumulation was investigated using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microtomography. Selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenomethylcysteine (SeMeSeCys) were transported to the grain more efficiently than selenite and selenate. SeMet and SeMeSeCys were translocated exclusively via the phloem, while inorganic Se was transported via both the phloem and xylem. For SeMet- and SeMeSeCys-fed grain, Se dispersed throughout the external grain layers and into the endosperm and, for SeMeSeCys, into the embryo. Selenite was retained at the point of grain entry. These results demonstrate that the organic Se species SeMet and SeMeSeCys are rapidly loaded into the phloem and transported to the grain far more efficiently than inorganic species. Organic Se species are distributed more readily, and extensively, throughout the grain than selenite. C1 [Carey, Anne-Marie; Norton, Gareth J.; Price, Adam H.; Meharg, Andrew A.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [Lombi, Enzo] Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. [Newville, Matt; Choi, Yongseong] Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Meharg, AA (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Cruickshank Bldg,St Machar Dr, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. EM a.meharg@abdn.ac.uk RI Norton, Gareth/D-7512-2012; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; Lombi, Enzo/F-3860-2013; Meharg, Andrew/F-8182-2014; OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Lombi, Enzo/0000-0003-3384-0375; Meharg, Andrew/0000-0003-2019-0449; Norton, Gareth/0000-0003-4560-170X; Carey, Anne-Marie/0000-0001-6409-6580 FU Biological and Biochemical Science Research Council (BBSRC); National Science Foundation-Earth Sciences [EAR-0622171]; Department of Energy-Geosciences [DE-FG02-94ER14466]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), through its Office of Research and Development FX This research was partly funded by a Biological and Biochemical Science Research Council - Doctorate Training Grant (BBSRC-DTG). Portions of this work were performed at GeoSoilEnviroCARS (sector 13), at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. GeoSoilEnviroCARS is supported by the National Science Foundation-Earth Sciences (Grant EAR-0622171) and Department of Energy-Geosciences (Grant DE-FG02-94ER14466). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed a portion of the research. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 9 U2 96 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 10 BP 5557 EP 5564 DI 10.1021/es203871j PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941LM UT WOS:000303964700041 PM 22502742 ER PT J AU Pinder, RW Davidson, EA Goodale, CL Greaver, TL Herrick, JD Liu, LL AF Pinder, Robert W. Davidson, Eric A. Goodale, Christine L. Greaver, Tara L. Herrick, Jeffrey D. Liu, Lingli TI Climate change impacts of US reactive nitrogen SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS INVENTORY; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; OXIDE EMISSIONS; CARBON STORAGE; UNITED-STATES; DEPOSITION; AMMONIUM; CANOPY; MODEL AB Fossil fuel combustion and fertilizer application in the United States have substantially altered the nitrogen cycle, with serious effects on climate change. The climate effects can be short- lived, by impacting the chemistry of the atmosphere, or long- lived, by altering ecosystem greenhouse gas fluxes. Here we develop a coherent framework for assessing the climate change impacts of US reactive nitrogen emissions, including oxides of nitrogen, ammonia, and nitrous oxide (N2O). We use the global temperature potential (GTP), calculated at 20 and 100 y, in units of CO2 equivalents (CO(2)e), as a common metric. The largest cooling effects are due to combustionsources of oxides of nitrogen altering tropospheric ozone and methane concentrations and enhancing carbon sequestration in forests. The combined cooling effects are estimated at - 290 to - 510 Tg CO(2)e on a GTP(20) basis. However, these effects are largely short- lived. On a GTP(100) basis, combustion contributes just- 16 to- 95 Tg CO(2)e. Agriculture contributes to warming on both the 20- y and 100- y timescales, primarily through N2O emissions from soils. Under current conditions, these warming and cooling effects partially offset each other. However, recent trends show decreasing emissions from combustion sources. To prevent warming from US reactive nitrogen, reductions in agricultural N2O emissions are needed. Substantial progress toward this goal is possible using current technology. Without such actions, even greater CO2 emission reductions will be required to avoid dangerous climate change. C1 [Pinder, Robert W.; Greaver, Tara L.; Herrick, Jeffrey D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Davidson, Eric A.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Goodale, Christine L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Liu, Lingli] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. RP Pinder, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27711 USA. EM pinder.rob@epa.gov RI Liu, Lingli/A-7771-2008; Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013 OI Liu, Lingli/0000-0002-5696-3151; Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697 NR 49 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 113 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 20 BP 7671 EP 7675 DI 10.1073/pnas.1114243109 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 946QW UT WOS:000304369800030 PM 22547815 ER PT J AU Valsania, MC Fasano, F Richardson, SD Vincenti, M AF Valsania, Maria C. Fasano, Francesca Richardson, Susan D. Vincenti, Marco TI Investigation of the degradation of cresols in the treatments with ozone SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cresol; Ozone; Degradation intermediate; Disinfection by-products; DBPs; Chloroformates ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; HIGHLY-FLUORINATED CHLOROFORMATES; DISSOCIATING ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DRINKING-WATER; DERIVATIZING AGENTS; INORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; RATE CONSTANTS; O-CRESOL; P-CRESOL AB The reaction between ozone and the three cresol isomers was investigated in pure water. Cresols were selected as model substrates representing an important component of humic material. Cresols carry both a hydroxyl and a methyl group, each theoretically increasing the reactivity of ozone with the aromatic ring. Direct comparison of the aromatic ring and the methyl group reactivities was made possible by the analysis of reaction products. The substrate degradation kinetics was studied by preparing aqueous solutions of each cresol and treating them with ozone for increasing time periods. It had been hypothesized that hydroxybenzaldehydes and hydroxybenzoic acids could be possible degradation intermediates of cresols. To verify this hypothesis, the degradation kinetics of three hydroxybenzaldehydes and two hydroxybenzoic acids were also studied. The reaction products were studied using gas chromatography (GC)-electron capture negative ionization (ECNI)-mass spectrometry (MS) analysis after direct derivatization of the samples with 5-chloro-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentyl chloroformate (ClOFPCF). This new analytical approach enables the extraction and analysis of highly polar polycarboxylic and hydroxycarboxylic acids, as well as highly polar aldehydes and hydroxy aldehydes that are difficult to extract and measure using conventional methods. As such, this new approach offered insights into ozone reaction intermediates that had been previously hypothesized, but not confirmed. Several highly hydrophilic degradation intermediates were identified, including malic, citraconic, itaconic, malonic, methylmuconic, and tartronic acid, but no hydroxybenzaldehydes were observed. The results support a 3-stage mechanism previously hypothesized, which involves ring-opening of the phenolic group, followed by the generation of several intermediates of increasing oxidation state, finally leading to relatively stable products, such as malonic and oxalic acids. We demonstrated that oxidation of the methyl group does not occur during cresol degradation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fasano, Francesca; Vincenti, Marco] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim, I-10126 Turin, Italy. [Valsania, Maria C.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Traumatol Ortopedia & Med Lavoro, I-10126 Turin, Italy. [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Vincenti, M (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim, Via Pietro Giuria 5, I-10126 Turin, Italy. EM mariacarmen.valsania@unito.it; Richardson.Susan@epamail.epa.gov; marco.vincenti@unito.it RI Vincenti, Marco/M-3495-2015 OI Vincenti, Marco/0000-0002-6275-7194 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.-EPA) [R-82795101-1]; M.I.U.R FX Financial support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.-EPA; Cooperative Agreement No. R-82795101-1) and from M.I.U.R. is gratefully acknowledged. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. EPA's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. EPA. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 54 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2795 EP 2804 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.02.040 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 929BE UT WOS:000303035400029 PM 22417742 ER PT J AU Achee, NL Bangs, MJ Farlow, R Killeen, GF Lindsay, S Logan, JG Moore, SJ Rowland, M Sweeney, K Torr, SJ Zwiebel, LJ Grieco, JP AF Achee, Nicole L. Bangs, Michael J. Farlow, Robert Killeen, Gerry F. Lindsay, Steve Logan, James G. Moore, Sarah J. Rowland, Mark Sweeney, Kevin Torr, Steve J. Zwiebel, Laurence J. Grieco, John P. TI Spatial repellents: from discovery and development to evidence-based validation SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Public health; Spatial repellents; Vector control; Vector behaviour modification ID RESISTANT ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; MALARIA CONTROL; INSECT REPELLENT; HOST-SEEKING; BED NETS; BEHAVIOR; DDT; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITOS; VECTORS AB International public health workers are challenged by a burden of arthropod-borne disease that remains elevated despite best efforts in control programmes. With this challenge comes the opportunity to develop novel vector control paradigms to guide product development and programme implementation. The role of vector behaviour modification in disease control was first highlighted several decades ago but has received limited attention within the public health community. This paper presents current evidence highlighting the value of sub-lethal agents, specifically spatial repellents, and their use in global health, and identifies the primary challenges towards establishing a clearly defined and recommended role for spatial repellent products in disease control. C1 [Achee, Nicole L.; Grieco, John P.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Bangs, Michael J.] Jl Kertajasa, Publ Hlth & Malaria Control, Kuala Kencana 99920, Papua, Indonesia. [Farlow, Robert] R Farlow Consulting LLC, Burkeville, TX 75932 USA. [Killeen, Gerry F.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Vector Grp, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Lindsay, Steve; Logan, James G.; Moore, Sarah J.; Rowland, Mark] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, Dept Dis Control, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Sweeney, Kevin] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Registrat Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Torr, Steve J.] Univ Greenwich, Nat Resources Inst, Chatham ME4 4TB, Kent, England. [Zwiebel, Laurence J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Achee, NL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM nachee@usuhs.mil OI Zwiebel, Laurence/0000-0001-6686-7289; Torr, Stephen/0000-0001-9550-4030 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI056402] NR 41 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 32 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD MAY 14 PY 2012 VL 11 AR 164 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-11-164 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 012YU UT WOS:000309273400001 PM 22583679 ER PT J AU Weber, MA Mozumder, P Berrens, RP AF Weber, Matthew A. Mozumder, Pallab Berrens, Robert P. TI Accounting for unobserved time-varying quality in recreation demand: An application to a Sonoran Desert wilderness SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COUNT DATA MODELS; RANDOM UTILITY; WELFARE ESTIMATION; BEHAVIOR AB Environmental variables can be important factors in recreation demand. Analysts wishing to quantify environmental quality impacts face the difficult issue of isolating them from unobserved variables. Quality changes may occur in space, varying between sites, or in time, varying between occasions. In this zonal travel cost analysis, fixed effects are used to control for time-varying factors at a single site, adapting a technique previously applied to control for unobserved factors across sites. Graphical analysis and a second stage regression on time-specific constants are used as diagnostic tools to guide a demand specification directly including both environmental and access predictors. The approach is developed and applied using a multiyear panel data set for a wilderness destination in the Sonoran Desert featuring a perennial stream. Empirical estimates are also provided for the recreational value of a trip day to a Sonoran Desert site with instream flows. C1 [Weber, Matthew A.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Berrens, Robert P.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Econ, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Mozumder, Pallab] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, MARC 365, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Weber, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM weber.matthew@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development; Department of Energy at Environmental Institute (TEI), University of MA; College of Arts and Science at FL International University; Department of Economics at the University of NM FX We would like to thank the Bureau of Land Management, Safford Field Office and Brandenburg Ranger Station, AZ, for their cooperation. A Post Doctoral fellowship with the U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development provided support for Matthew Weber. Pallab Mozumder acknowledges a Post Doctoral Fellowship (Environmental Modeling and Monitoring Group, sponsored by the Department of Energy) at the Environmental Institute (TEI), University of MA, and a College of Arts and Science's Summer Research grant at FL International University for supporting his research. A joint venture agreement (06-JV-199) between the U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (Carolyn Sieg, Flagstaff, AZ) and the Department of Economics at the University of NM provided research support for Robert Berrens for this project. We thank the Associate Editor and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, and finally, William Greene for providing support and enhancements for the econometric software LimDep. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 9 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W05515 DI 10.1029/2010WR010237 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 942AZ UT WOS:000304013200001 ER PT J AU Kamel, A Podhomiak, L Wylie, P AF Kamel, Alaa Podhomiak, Lynda Wylie, Philip TI Program Introduction for the 48th Annual Florida Pesticide Residue Workshop SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kamel, Alaa; Podhomiak, Lynda] US EPA, Analyt Chem Branch, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Wylie, Philip] Agilent Technol, Chem Anal Grp, Wilmington, DE 19808 USA. RP Kamel, A (reprint author), US EPA, Analyt Chem Branch, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, 701 Mapes Rd, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM kamel.alaa@epa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 9 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 18 BP 4423 EP 4424 DI 10.1021/jf205235s PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 937XB UT WOS:000303696000001 ER PT J AU Dively, GP Kamel, A AF Dively, Galen P. Kamel, Alaa TI Insecticide Residues in Pollen and Nectar of a Cucurbit Crop and Their Potential Exposure to Pollinators SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE neonicotinoid residues; pollen; nectar; pollinators; Cucurbitaceae ID DRIP CHEMIGATION; APIS-MELLIFERA; SEED; SOIL; PLANTS; BEE; L. AB Neonicotinoids are systemic insecticides widely used on many pollinated agricultural crops, and increasing evidence indicates that they move to some extent into pollen and nectar. This study measured levels of neonicotinoid residues in pollen and nectar from a pumpkin crop treated with formulated products containing imidacloprid, dinotefuran, and thiamethoxam using different timings and application methods. Environmental conditions have a significant effect on overall residue levels; nectar residues were 73.5-88.8% less than pollen residues, and metabolites accounted for 15.5-27.2% of the total residue amounts. Foliar-applied treatments and chemigated insecticides applied through drip irrigation during flowering resulted in the highest residues of parent insecticide and metabolites, which may reach average levels up to 122 ng/g in pollen and 17.6 ng/g in nectar. The lowest levels of residues were detected in treatment regimens involving applications of insecticides at planting, as either seed dressing, bedding tray drench, or transplant water treatment. C1 [Kamel, Alaa] US EPA, Analyt Chem Branch, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Dively, Galen P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Kamel, A (reprint author), US EPA, Analyt Chem Branch, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM kamel.alaa@epa.gov FU Strategic Agricultural Initiative; EPA Region III [X8-97376101]; Eastern Apicultural Society Foundation for Honey Bee Research FX The field trial part of this work was funded by the Strategic Agricultural Initiative Grants Program, EPA Region III (Project X8-97376101) and the Eastern Apicultural Society Foundation for Honey Bee Research. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the opinion of the U.S. EPA. No official agency endorsement should be inferred. NR 24 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 120 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 9 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 18 BP 4449 EP 4456 DI 10.1021/jf205393x PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 937XB UT WOS:000303696000005 PM 22452667 ER PT J AU Rezvani, AH Timofeeva, O Sexton, HG DeCuir, D Xiao, YX Gordon, CJ Kellar, KJ Levin, ED AF Rezvani, Amir H. Timofeeva, Olga Sexton, Hannah G. DeCuir, Damien Xiao, Yingxian Gordon, Christopher J. Kellar, Kenneth J. Levin, Edward D. TI Effects of sazetidine-A, a selective alpha 4 beta 2*nicotinic receptor desensitizing agent, on body temperature regulation in mice and rats SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hypothermia; Thermoregulation; Nicotine; Telemetry; DH beta E; MLA; Body temperature ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; AMOP-H-OH; INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA; LABORATORY MAMMALS; VARENICLINE; DEPRESSION; CHEMISTRY; SUBUNIT; AGONIST; BRAIN AB Nicotine-induced hypothermia is well established, but the nicotinic receptor actions underlying this effect are not clear. Nicotine causes activation and desensitization at a variety of nicotinic receptor subtypes. Sazetidine-A[6-(5(((S)-azetidine-2-yl)methoxy)pyridine-3-y1)hex-5-yn-1-ol] is a novel compound that potently and selectively desensitizes alpha 4 beta 2* nicotinic receptors. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effects of sazetidine-A, on core body temperature (Tc) in mice and rats. Sazetidine-A effects on Tc and the interactions of sazetidine-A with nicotine and selective nicotinic antagonists were investigated to determine the receptor actions underlying nicotine-induced hypothermia. Adult male mice were injected with different dose of nicotine (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg), sazetidine-A (0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg), a mixture of nicotine (0.4 or 0.8 mg/kg) and sazetidine-A (0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg) or saline and Tc was monitored telemetrically. In another set of experiments, the interaction between sazetidine-A and dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DF beta E), an alpha 4 beta 2* nicotinic receptors antagonist, and methyllycaconitine (MLA), an (alpha 7 antagonist, was investigated. Tc of mice was monitored following DIVE (1, 3 and 6 mg/kg), a combination of DHOE (3 mg/kg) and sazetidine-A (0.6 mg/kg), MLA (1.5, 3 or 6 mg/kg) or combination of MLA (6 mg/kg) and sazetidine (0.6 mg/kg) or saline. The acute effect of sazetidine-A (1, 3, and 6 mg/kg) on rats Tc was also studied. Acute sazetidine-A caused a pronounced and long-lasting hypothermia in mice; Tc decreased to about 28 degrees C at 100 min and recovered within 230 min. The hypothermic effect of sazetidine in rats was much less in magnitude (about 3 degrees C) and shorter in duration compared with that in mice. Nicotine co-administration with low doses of sazetidine potentiated the magnitude and duration of hypothermia in mice. The alpha 4 beta 2* nicotinic receptors antagonist DH beta E significantly prolonged sazetidine-A-induced hypothermia but did not increase its depth. The alpha 7 antagonist MLA caused a modest degree of hypothermia with relatively short duration in mice. MLA failed to counteract the sazetidine-A-induced hypothermia. Overall, our results show that pharmacological modulation of alpha 4 beta 2* nicotinic receptors elicits changes in body temperature that may involve desensitization of these receptors. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rezvani, Amir H.; Timofeeva, Olga; Sexton, Hannah G.; DeCuir, Damien; Levin, Edward D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Xiao, Yingxian; Kellar, Kenneth J.] Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Washington, DC USA. [Gordon, Christopher J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rezvani, AH (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Box 104790, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM azadi@duke.edu FU NIH [DA027990] FX This project was supported by NIH grant DA027990. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2999 J9 EUR J PHARMACOL JI Eur. J. Pharmacol. PD MAY 5 PY 2012 VL 682 IS 1-3 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.02.031 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 928KU UT WOS:000302982400015 PM 22387853 ER PT J AU Sharma, VK Triantis, TM Antoniou, MG He, XX Pelaez, M Han, CS Song, WH O'Shea, KE de la Cruz, AA Kaloudis, T Hiskia, A Dionysiou, DD AF Sharma, Virender K. Triantis, Theodoros M. Antoniou, Maria G. He, Xuexiang Pelaez, Miguel Han, Changseok Song, Weihua O'Shea, Kevin E. de la Cruz, Armah A. Kaloudis, Triantafyllos Hiskia, Anastasia Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Destruction of microcystins by conventional and advanced oxidation processes: A review SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Cyanotoxins; Microcystins; Microcystin-LR; Conventional oxidation methods; Advanced oxidation process ID ULTRASONICALLY INDUCED DEGRADATION; WATER-TREATMENT PROCESSES; ENHANCED PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION; DRINKING-WATER; CYANOBACTERIAL TOXINS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; POTASSIUM-PERMANGANATE; CHLORINE DIOXIDE AB Cyanobacteria blooms pose an environmental hazard because of the release of water soluble toxic compounds, called cyanotoxins. Microcystins (MCs), hepatotoxic cyclic peptide toxins, are the most widespread cyanotoxins with microcystin-LR (MC-LR) the most common and toxic variant. Health effects of MCs have resulted in the need of using efficient treatment methods for the removal of this class of toxins in water supplies. While physical treatment methods can remove MCs at full or some extent from contaminated water, their function is primary separation of the whole toxins as intact molecules and further processing is required. On the other hand, chemical oxidation processes are a promising alternative treatment option due to the potential of complete destruction of the MCs, transformation to less toxic by-products, and even complete mineralization. MCs reactivity towards different conventional oxidants is strongly affected by water quality parameters like pH. DOC and oxidant dose. Although there is a general trend for MCs oxidation (ozone > permanganate > chlorine >>> chlorine-based oxidants), the selection of the appropriate oxidant for toxin elimination during water treatment should be assessed for each particular source of water. Although advanced oxidation processes are generally more effective on MCs degradation than conventional oxidation processes, scale-up studies are needed before these methods are considered as economically-feasible and practical sustainable alternatives in water treatment facilities. In this review, recent literature concerning treatment of MCs in water by conventional and advanced oxidation processes are reviewed and discussed in terms of the degree of degradation, reaction kinetics, identity and toxicity of oxidation by-products and possible degradation pathways. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Triantis, Theodoros M.; Hiskia, Anastasia] Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Inst Phys Chem, Lab Catalyt Photocatalyt Proc Solar Energy Enviro, Athens, Greece. [Sharma, Virender K.] Florida Inst Technol, Ctr Ferrate Excellence, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Sharma, Virender K.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Antoniou, Maria G.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Environm Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Pelaez, Miguel; Han, Changseok; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Engn Res Ctr 705, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Song, Weihua] Fudan Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [O'Shea, Kevin E.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33183 USA. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kaloudis, Triantafyllos] Athens Water Supply & Sewerage Co EYDAP SA, Organ Micropollutants Lab, Athens 13674, Greece. RP Hiskia, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Inst Phys Chem, Lab Catalyt Photocatalyt Proc Solar Energy Enviro, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece. EM vsharma@fit.edu; maraa@env.dtu.dk; wsong@fudan.edu.cn; osheak@fiu.edu; Delacruz.Armah@epamail.epa.gov; kaloudis@eydap.gr; hiskia@chem.demokritos.gr; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu RI Song, Weihua/B-6931-2011; TRIANTIS, THEODOROS/C-3471-2015; He, Xuexiang/D-7564-2017; OI Antoniou, Maria G./0000-0003-0738-6068; Kaloudis, Triantafyllos/0000-0003-1909-0256; Song, Weihua/0000-0001-7633-7919; TRIANTIS, THEODOROS/0000-0002-7899-176X; Sharma, Virender/0000-0002-5980-8675 FU National Science Foundation [CBET 1033317]; European Commission [227017]; Research DG of the European Commission; NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Physical Chemistry FX The groups of D.D. Dionysiou and K.E. O'Shea acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (US-Ireland Collaborative Research; CBET 1033317). The groups of A. Hiskia and D.D. Dionysiou acknowledge support from the European Commission (Clean Water Grant Agreement number 227017). Clean Water is a Collaborative Project co-funded by the Research DG of the European Commission within the joint RID activities of the Environment. T.M. Triantis is grateful to NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Physical Chemistry, for postdoctoral fellowship. NR 139 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 27 U2 232 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5866 J9 SEP PURIF TECHNOL JI Sep. Purif. Technol. PD MAY 3 PY 2012 VL 91 SI SI BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.02.018 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 941IY UT WOS:000303958100002 ER PT J AU Bronshtein, A Chuang, JC Van Emon, JM Altstein, M AF Bronshtein, Alisa Chuang, Jane C. Van Emon, Jeanette M. Altstein, Miriam TI Development of a Multianalyte Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Permethrin and Aroclors and Its Implementation for Analysis of Soil/Sediment and House Dust Extracts SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aroclors; permethrin; multianalyte ELISA; residue analysis; soil/sediment residue analysis ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS; SAMPLES; ELISA; SOIL; IMMUNOASSAY; PESTICIDES; DIOXINS; FUTURE AB Development of a multianalyte enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of permethrin and aroclors 1248 or 1254 and implementation of the assay for analysis of soil/sediment samples are described. The feasibility of using the multianalyte ELISA to monitor aroclors 1254 and permethrin simultaneously was tested with permethrin and aroclor standards and with aroclor- and permethrin-containing soil/sediment and house dust samples. Comparison of the I-50 and I-20 values of the multianalyte with those of a single-analyte assay revealed similar results, and multianalyte ELISA determination of analyte amounts in soil/sediment dust samples yielded similar results to those of a single-analyte assay. A single-analyte assay of permethrin content in permethrin-containing dust samples showed that the ELISA can determine the analyte accurately in samples with dust matrix contents ranging from 6.25 to 100 mg as indicated by the good correlation between the results of the immunoassay and those of the gas chromatography analysis. C1 [Bronshtein, Alisa; Altstein, Miriam] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Chuang, Jane C.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Van Emon, Jeanette M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Altstein, M (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM vinnie2@agri.gov.il FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-W-09-024] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under Contract #EP-W-09-024. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 2 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 17 BP 4235 EP 4242 DI 10.1021/jf300043g PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 933LK UT WOS:000303362800009 PM 22420505 ER PT J AU Milanovich, JR Maerz, JC AF Milanovich, Joseph R. Maerz, John C. TI ASSESSING THE USE OF NON-LETHAL TAIL CLIPS FOR MEASURING STABLE ISOTOPES OF PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon; diet; nitrogen; Plethodontidae; salamanders; stable isotopes; trophic ID DESMOGNATHUS-QUADRAMACULATUS; CHELONIA-MYDAS; HABITAT USE; FOOD WEBS; DIET; DELTA-C-13; TISSUES; ASSUMPTIONS; POPULATION; DELTA-N-15 AB Stable isotopes are increasingly used in ecology to study the diets, trophic position, and migratory patterns of wildlife including herpetofauna. When using stable isotopes, it is important to consider which tissues can or should be sampled, and how selecting tissues may affect the inferences drawn from stable isotope data. Amphibians offer fewer tissues than other larger organisms that can be harvested in sufficient quantity without killing the animal; however, many salamanders have tails that readily autotomize and regenerate. We used three species of plethodontid salamander (Plethodon cinereus, P. metcalfi, and Desmognathus quadramaculatus) to determine whether distal tail tissue had carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values comparable to commonly used tissues (liver and whole carcass [minus the liver and gonads]) that must be collected lethally. We found that variation in carbon values (delta C-13) within and among tissues was negatively correlated with C:N (an indication of high lipid content). Nitrogen (delta N-15) and Carbon (delta C-13) values (once adjusted for C: N) of tail tissue were positively correlated with values for carcass tissue, and tail delta N-15 values were positively correlated and biased with delta N-15 values for liver tissue. Adjusted delta C-13 values for tail tissue were unbiased and had weaker positive correlations with delta C-13 values for liver tissue compared to whole carcass. The weak correlation between adjusted delta C-13 values of tail and liver tissues may reflect differences in turnover rates between the two tissues. Our data show that, with calibration, non-lethal collection of tail clips is a suitable substitute to lethal tissue collection for measuring delta C-13 and delta N-15 of plethodontid salamanders. C1 [Milanovich, Joseph R.; Maerz, John C.] Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Milanovich, Joseph R.] US EPA, Sustainable Environm Branch, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Milanovich, JR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM milanovich.joe@epa.gov FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the United States Environmental Protection Agency; IACUC AUP [A2006-10041]; NSF-DEB [DEB0542974] FX We thank Jayna DeVore, Andrew Grosse, Kerry Holcolmb, Tom Lurhing, Bill Peterman, Daniel Solenberger, and Sean Sterrett for field assistance and Kyle Barrett, Andy Davis, and the Maerz Herpetology Laboratory at The University of Georgia in Athens for helpful editorial comments. Completion of this work was accomplished while J.R.M. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The project was conducted under IACUC AUP#A2006-10041 and was supported in part by NSF-DEB DEB0542974 to J.C.M. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 25 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 061KC UT WOS:000312845900008 ER PT J AU Magalad, VT Pattanashetti, SS Gokavi, GS Nadagouda, MN Aminabhavi, TM AF Magalad, Veeresh T. Pattanashetti, Seema S. Gokavi, Gavisiddappa S. Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Aminabhavi, Tejraj M. TI Proton conducting properties of nanocomposite membranes of chitosan SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Preyssler type heteropolyacid; Chitosan; Nanocomposite membranes; Proton conductivity ID PERVAPORATION DEHYDRATION; BLEND MEMBRANES; SODIUM ALGINATE; ETHANOL; SEPARATION AB Nanocomposite membranes of chitosan prepared in our earlier paper (see Ref. [1]) by incorporating different concentrations of Preyssler type heteropolyacid, H-14[NaP5W30O110] (H-14-P-5) nanoparticles have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Fritz), thermogravimetry (TGA) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Proton conductivity data of these membranes measured at varying temperatures have shown a systematic improvement in proton conductivity over that of the nascent chitosan membrane. Arrhenius activation parameter values obtained have been discussed in terms of the conduction transport mechanisms. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pattanashetti, Seema S.; Gokavi, Gavisiddappa S.; Aminabhavi, Tejraj M.] Shivaji Univ, Dept Chem, Kolhapur 416004, Maharashtra, India. [Magalad, Veeresh T.] Tontadarya Coll Engn, Dept Chem, Gadag 582101, India. [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Gokavi, GS (reprint author), Shivaji Univ, Dept Chem, Kolhapur 416004, Maharashtra, India. EM gsgokavi@hotmail.com; aminabhavi@yahoo.com FU Department of Science and Technology; University of Grants Commission, New Delhi, India FX Authors (GSG and VTM) appreciate the financial assistance from Department of Science and Technology and (GSG and SSP) University of Grants Commission, New Delhi, India. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1385-8947 J9 CHEM ENG J JI Chem. Eng. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 189 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.cej.2012.02.002 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 937DN UT WOS:000303639300001 ER PT J AU Qaiser, K Yuan, Y Lopez, RD AF Qaiser, K. Yuan, Y. Lopez, R. D. TI URBANIZATION IMPACTS ON FLOODING IN THE KANSAS RIVER BASIN AND EVALUATION OF WETLANDS AS A MITIGATION MEASURE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Flooding; HEC-HMS; HEC-RAS; Kansas River; Urbanization; Wetlands ID NEXRAD RAINFALL; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB This study evaluates the impacts of future land use changes on flooding in the Kansas River basin. It also describes the impacts of wetlands on flood reduction. The study presents Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) based runoff modeling and Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) based flood analysis results for SCS 100-year 24 h design storms over the next 30 years. Land use changes in the basin mainly consist of gradual urbanization and densification from low to high intensity urban development by 2040. The models were calibrated and validated for past events and then run for future land use scenarios (2020, 2030, and 2040). The future land use scenarios were developed using GIS. Results demonstrate an appreciable increase in peak discharge and flood inundation extents for the future scenarios. From the baseline scenario to the 2040 scenario, for the different storms, there was a 10% to 19% increase in peak discharge, a 2% to 7% increase in water elevations, and a 5% to 8% increase in inundation area. A considerable reduction in peak discharges and inundation extents was achieved after the wetland area was increased to 6%, 8%, and 10% from the original 5% for the 2020, 2030, and 2040 scenarios, respectively. There was a 12% to 18% decrease in peak discharge, a 1% to 15% decrease in water elevations, and a 15% to 19% decrease in inundation area. This research demonstrates the importance of including wetlands in designing flood mitigation alternatives. C1 [Yuan, Y.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Qaiser, K.] Atkins, Reno, NV USA. [Lopez, R. D.] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Yuan, Y (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM yuan.yongping@epa.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 55 IS 3 BP 849 EP 859 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 977ET UT WOS:000306639900012 ER PT J AU Norman, LM Villarreal, ML Lara-Valencia, F Yuan, YP Nie, WM Wilson, S Amaya, G Sleeter, R AF Norman, Laura M. Villarreal, Miguel L. Lara-Valencia, Francisco Yuan, Yongping Nie, Wenming Wilson, Sylvia Amaya, Gladys Sleeter, Rachel TI Mapping socio-environmentally vulnerable populations access and exposure to ecosystem services at the U.S.-Mexico borderlands SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem services; Human well-being; Vulnerability; Sustainability; Equity; Environmental justice ID AMBOS-NOGALES; HEALTH; RESILIENCE; JUSTICE; SUSTAINABILITY; HAZARDS; EQUITY AB Socio-environmental vulnerable populations are often unrepresented in land-use planning yet have great potential for loss when exposed to changes in ecosystem services. Administrative boundaries, cultural differences, and language barriers increase the disassociation between land-use management and marginalized populations living in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands. This paper describes the development of a Modified Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Index (M-SEVI), using determinants from binational census and neighborhood data that describe levels of education, access to resources, migratory status, housing, and number of dependents, to provide a simplified snapshot of the region's populace that can be used in binational planning efforts. We apply this index at the SCW, located on the border between Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico. For comparison, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool is concurrently applied to assess the provision of erosion- and flood control services over a 9-year period. We describe how this coupling of data can form the base for an ecosystem services assessment across political boundaries that can be used by land-use planners. Results reveal potential disparities in environmental risks and burdens throughout the binational watershed in residential districts surrounding and between urban centers. The M-SEVI can be used as an important first step in addressing environmental justice for binational decision-making. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Norman, Laura M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Villarreal, Miguel L.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lara-Valencia, Francisco] Arizona State Univ, Sch Transborder Studies, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Yuan, Yongping; Nie, Wenming] US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Wilson, Sylvia] US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, Austin, TX USA. [Amaya, Gladys] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Sleeter, Rachel] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Norman, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 102K, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM lnorman@usgs.gov; miguel@email.arizona.edu; fcolara@asu.edu; yuan.yongping@epa.gov; Nie.Wenming@epamail.epa.gov; snwilson@usgs.gov; gladysa@email.arizona.edu; rsleeter@usgs.gov OI Villarreal, Miguel/0000-0003-0720-1422 NR 80 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 34 BP 413 EP 424 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.01.006 PG 12 WC Geography SC Geography GA 971JE UT WOS:000306199400041 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, MG Best, DS Cooper, RL Laws, SC AF Hotchkiss, Michelle Gatien Best, Deborah S. Cooper, Ralph L. Laws, Susan C. TI Atrazine does not induce pica behavior at doses that increase hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and cause conditioned taste avoidance SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atrazine; Diamino-s-chlorotriazine; Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; Conditioned taste avoidance; Pica behavior ID FEMALE WISTAR RATS; PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT; THYROID-FUNCTION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; INGESTIVE BEHAVIOR; LITHIUM-CHLORIDE; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; ANIMAL-MODEL; CISPLATIN; ONDANSETRON AB Previous work has shown that a single oral administration of atrazine (ATR), a chlorotriazine herbicide, causes rapid increases in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), serum corticosterone (CORT) and progesterone. The mechanism for these effects is unknown. To test whether administration of ATR causes hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation through the production of a generalized stress response resulting from gastrointestinal distress, we conducted both conditioned taste avoidance (CTA) and pica behavior experiments. Body temperature data were also collected to detect the presence of stress-induced hyperthermia. Adult male Wistar rats were given a single oral dose of ATR (0, 5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) or the primary ATR metabolite diamino-s-chlorotriazine (DACT; 135 mg/kg). Increases were observed in ACTH (LOEL, 12.5 mg/kg), CORT (LOEL, 5 mg/kg) and progesterone (LOEL, 5 mg/kg) 15 min following a single dose of ATR. DACT (135 mg/kg) increased ACTH (1.3-fold), CORT (2.9-fold) and progesterone (1.9-fold) above vehicle control concentrations, but the magnitude of the responses was much lower than that observed for an equal molar dose of ATR (200 mg/kg; 7.0, 9.0 and 11.0-fold above ACTH, CORT, progesterone controls, respectively). CIA results demonstrated conditioned taste avoidance to ATR, with a NOEL of 5 mg/kg. Animals dosed with DACT developed avoidance responses comparable to the highest dose of ATR. In the pica experiment, lower doses (5-50 mg/kg) of ATR had no effect on pica behavior, as measured 6 and 24 h post-dosing, nor did DACT. However, the highest dose of ATR (200 mg/kg) did induce pica behavior at both time points. No differences in body temperature were observed. Overall, results indicate that increases in ACTH and CORT secretion following administration of ATR occur at doses that are without effect on the display of pica behavior, indicating that the HPA-axis activation caused by ATR is not likely the result of gastrointestinal distress. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hotchkiss, Michelle Gatien; Best, Deborah S.; Cooper, Ralph L.; Laws, Susan C.] US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Laws, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, MD-72,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM laws.susan@epa.gov NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 3 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.03.001 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 970QE UT WOS:000306146600001 PM 22430068 ER PT J AU Bushnell, P AF Bushnell, Philip TI The Acute Hazard of Inhaled Volatile Organic Chemicals: Understated or Overblown? SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society (NBTS)/52nd Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/25th Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc (NBTS), Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Bushnell, Philip] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 3 BP 368 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.05.003 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 970QE UT WOS:000306146600011 ER PT J AU Schaefer, T Grace, C Graham, D Skelton, M Williams, M Vorhees, C AF Schaefer, Tori Grace, Curtis Graham, Devon Skelton, Matthew Williams, Michael Vorhees, Charles TI Illicit and prescription drugs targeting the developing serotonergic system have deleterious effects on cognition SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society (NBTS)/52nd Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/25th Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc (NBTS), Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Schaefer, Tori; Skelton, Matthew; Williams, Michael; Vorhees, Charles] Cincinnati Childrens Res Fdn, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Grace, Curtis] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Graham, Devon] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. OI Graham, Devon/0000-0003-0318-4602 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 3 BP 373 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.05.020 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 970QE UT WOS:000306146600028 ER PT J AU Kraft, A Bale, A AF Kraft, Andrew Bale, Ambuja TI Ex vivo models and chemical neurotoxicity assessment SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society (NBTS)/52nd Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/25th Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc (NBTS), Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Kraft, Andrew; Bale, Ambuja] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 3 BP 379 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.05.037 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 970QE UT WOS:000306146600045 ER PT J AU Szabo, D Shah, R Sumner, S Birnbaum, L AF Szabo, David Shah, Ruchir Sumner, Susan Birnbaum, Linda TI Systems biology approach for better understanding of mechanisms of neurodevelopment toxicity: A case study using the major flame retardant HBCD SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society (NBTS)/52nd Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/25th Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc (NBTS), Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Szabo, David] US EPA, ORISE, NCEA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Shah, Ruchir] RTP, SRA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Sumner, Susan] RTP, RTI, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Birnbaum, Linda] NIEHS, NCI, RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 3 BP 379 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.05.036 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 970QE UT WOS:000306146600044 ER PT J AU Segal, D AF Segal, Deborah TI Interaction of nonchemical stressors with developmental neurotoxicants SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society (NBTS)/52nd Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/25th Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc (NBTS), Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Segal, Deborah] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 3 BP 380 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.05.039 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 970QE UT WOS:000306146600047 ER PT J AU Trecki, J AF Trecki, Jordan TI Statistical significance versus biological relevance: A case study in neurobehavioral testing SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society (NBTS)/52nd Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/25th Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc (NBTS), Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Trecki, Jordan] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 3 BP 380 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.05.038 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 970QE UT WOS:000306146600046 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, RN Ellingson, L Liu, X Patrangenaru, V Crane, M AF Bhattacharya, R. N. Ellingson, L. Liu, X. Patrangenaru, V. Crane, M. TI Extrinsic analysis on manifolds is computationally faster than intrinsic analysis with applications to quality control by machine vision SO APPLIED STOCHASTIC MODELS IN BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY LA English DT Article DE extrinsic and intrinsic analysis; directional data analysis; shape analysis of planar closed curves; Kendall's shape spaces; statistical size-and-shape analysis; 3D-projective shape analysis; nonparametric inference; quality control; machine vision ID HOMOGENEOUS RIEMANNIAN-MANIFOLDS; CARTAN TRIPLES; LARGE-SAMPLE; DIRECTIONS; LOCATION; IMAGES; SPACES AB In our technological era, non-Euclidean data abound, especially because of advances in digital imaging. Patrangenaru (Asymptotic statistics on manifolds, PhD Dissertation, 1998) introduced extrinsic and intrinsic means on manifolds, as location parameters for non-Euclidean data. A large sample nonparametric theory of inference on manifolds was developed by Bhattacharya and Patrangenaru (J. Stat. Plann. Inferr., 108, 2335, 2002; Ann. Statist., 31, 129, 2003; Ann. Statist., 33, 12111245, 2005). A flurry of papers in computer vision, statistical learning, pattern recognition, medical imaging, and other computational intensive applied areas using these concepts followed. While pursuing such location parameters in various instances of data analysis on manifolds, scientists are using intrinsic means, almost without exception. In this paper, we point out that there is no unique intrinsic analysis because the latter depends on the choice of the Riemannian metric on the manifold, and in dimension two or higher, there are infinitely such nonisometric choices. Also, using John Nash's celebrated isometric embedding theorem and an equivariant version, we show that for each intrinsic analysis there is an extrinsic counterpart that is computationally faster and give some concrete examples in shape and image analysis. The computational speed is important, especially in automated industrial processes. In this paper, we mention two potential applications in the industry and give a detailed presentation of one such application, for quality control in a manufacturing process via 3D projective shape analysis from multiple digital camera images. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Ellingson, L.; Liu, X.; Patrangenaru, V.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Bhattacharya, R. N.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Crane, M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Patrangenaru, V (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM vic@stat.fsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMS-0805977, DMS-0806011, NSF-DMS-0713012]; National Security Agency [MSP-H98230-08-1-005] FX We would like to thank the editor and the referees for suggestions that helped improve the manuscript and Frits H. Ruymgaart and Jinfeng Zhang for discussions on related joint projects. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Grants DMS-0805977, DMS-0806011, NSF-DMS-0713012 and the National Security Agency Grant MSP-H98230-08-1-005. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1524-1904 J9 APPL STOCH MODEL BUS JI Appl. Stoch. Models. Bus. Ind. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 SI SI BP 222 EP 235 DI 10.1002/asmb.910 PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 961FZ UT WOS:000305450900004 ER PT J AU Piper, WH Grear, JS Meyer, MW AF Piper, Walter H. Grear, Jason S. Meyer, Michael W. TI Juvenile survival in common loons Gavia immer: effects of natal lake size and pH SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; MERCURY EXPOSURE; YELLOW PERCH; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SITE FAMILIARITY; COHORT VARIATION; TERRITORY SIZE; BIRD MORTALITY AB Survival is a vexing parameter to measure in many young birds because of dispersal and delayed impacts of natal rearing conditions on fitness. Drawing upon marking and resighting records from an 18-yr study of territorial behavior, we used CormackJollySeber analysis with Program MARK to estimate juvenile survival and its predictors in a population of common loons Gavia immer. In addition, we investigated predictors of chick mass, survival and inter-sibling size disparity in two-chick broods. Both small size and low pH of natal lakes predicted poor survival among chicks and juveniles; thus, features of the natal environment have both immediate and lasting effects on fitness. The pH x stage interaction retained in our MARK models indicates that the detrimental impact of lake chemistry on fitness diminishes with time; the retention of pH X lake size as a predictor of chick mass and condition pinpoints small lakes as those where acidity impacts chicks most severely. Our adjusted estimate of 0.53 probability of for survival to age 3 suggests that loon populations are healthier than often supposed. C1 [Piper, Walter H.] Chapman Univ, Schmid Coll Sci & Technol, Orange, CA 92866 USA. [Grear, Jason S.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Meyer, Michael W.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Piper, WH (reprint author), Chapman Univ, Schmid Coll Sci & Technol, Orange, CA 92866 USA. EM wpiper@chapman.edu FU National Science Foundation [IBN-0316442, DEB-0717055]; National Geographic Society; Disney Conservation Fund; Chapman Univ; EPA FX We thank C. Walcott for valuable field collaboration and countless others for help with field observations, especially F. Spilker, N. Banfield, J. Mager, K. Tischler, M. Klich, A. Reinke, M. Schwabenlander, A. Dolsen and E. Harrington. P. Arcese, J. Nye, R. McKinney and B. Kreakie made helpful comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by National Science Foundation (IBN-0316442 and DEB-0717055), National Geographic Society, Disney Conservation Fund and Chapman Univ. This is contribution number AED-12-0001 of the Atlantic Ecology Division of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Although the analysis in this article was partially supported by EPA, it has not been subjected to agency review and does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency. NR 79 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 43 IS 3 BP 280 EP 288 DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2012.05633.x PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 957TF UT WOS:000305185000010 ER PT J AU Sakamuru, S Li, X Attene-Ramos, MS Huang, RL Lu, JM Shou, L Shen, M Tice, RR Austin, CP Xia, MH AF Sakamuru, Srilatha Li, Xiao Attene-Ramos, Matias S. Huang, Ruili Lu, Jianming Shou, Louie Shen, Min Tice, Raymond R. Austin, Christopher P. Xia, Menghang TI Application of a homogenous membrane potential assay to assess mitochondrial function SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Mito-MPS; mitochondrial membrane potential assay; quantitative high-throughput screening; 1,536-well plate ID CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES; PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; OXIDATIVE-PHOSPHORYLATION; CANCER-CELLS; APOPTOSIS; INHIBITORS; MECHANISM; TYRPHOSTINS; INDUCTION; DISCOVERY AB Decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction that could lead to cell death. The MMP is generated by an electrochemical gradient via the mitochondrial electron transport chain coupled to a series of redox reactions. Measuring the MMP in living cells is commonly used to assess the effect of chemicals on mitochondrial function; decreases in MMP can be detected using lipophilic cationic fluorescent dyes. To identify an optimal dye for use in a high-throughput screening (HTS) format, we compared the ability of mitochondrial membrane potential sensor (Mito-MPS), 5,5', 6,6'- tetrachloro-1,1', 3,3' tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyanine iodide, rhodamine 123, and tetramethylrhodamine to quantify a decrease in MMP in chemically exposed HepG2 cells cultured in 1,536-well plates. Under the conditions used, the optimal dye for this purpose is Mito-MPS. Next, we developed and optimized a homogenous cell-based Mito-MPS assay for use in 1,536-well plate format and demonstrated the utility of this assay by screening 1,280 compounds in the library of pharmacologically active compounds in HepG2 cells using a quantitative high-throughput screening platform. From the screening, we identified 14 compounds that disrupted the MMP, with half-maximal potencies ranging from 0.15 to 18 mu M; among these, compound clusters that contained tyrphostin and 3'-substituted indolone analogs exhibited a structure-activity relationship. Our results demonstrate that this homogenous cell-based Mito-MPS assay can be used to evaluate the ability of large numbers of chemicals to decrease mitochondrial function. C1 [Xia, Menghang] NIH, Natl Ctr Adv Translat Sci, NIH Chem Genom Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Li, Xiao] BD Diagnost Diagnost Syst, Sparks, MD USA. [Lu, Jianming] Codex Biosolut, Montgomery Village, MD USA. [Tice, Raymond R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Xia, MH (reprint author), NIH, Natl Ctr Adv Translat Sci, NIH Chem Genom Ctr, 9800 Med Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Y3-ES-7020-01]; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program (interagency agreement #Y3-ES-7020-01) of the Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD MAY PY 2012 VL 44 IS 9 BP 495 EP 503 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00161.2011 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 958WI UT WOS:000305271300003 PM 22433785 ER PT J AU Sipes, NS Martin, MT Knudsen, TB AF Sipes, N. S. Martin, M. T. Knudsen, T. B. TI Species-Specific Predictive Signatures of Developmental Toxicity Using the ToxCast (TM) Chemical Library SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sipes, N. S.; Martin, M. T.; Knudsen, T. B.] US EPA, ORD, NCCT, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Martin, Matthew/A-1982-2013 OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-8096-9908 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 94 IS 5 SI SI BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 956FF UT WOS:000305074800032 ER PT J AU Makris, SL Kraft, A Segal, D Christensen, K Cooper, GS AF Makris, S. L. Kraft, A. Segal, D. Christensen, K. Cooper, G. S. TI Weight of Evidence Evaluation of Noncancer Health Effects after di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) Exposure SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Makris, S. L.; Kraft, A.; Segal, D.; Christensen, K.; Cooper, G. S.] US EPA, NCEA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 94 IS 5 SI SI BP 323 EP 323 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 956FF UT WOS:000305074800060 ER PT J AU Watkins, AM Wood, CR Abbott, BD AF Watkins, A. M. Wood, C. R. Abbott, B. D. TI An In Vitro Adipocyte Model for Evaluating the Effects of Environmental Obesogens SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Watkins, A. M.; Wood, C. R.; Abbott, B. D.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, TAD,Dev Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 94 IS 5 SI SI BP 323 EP 323 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 956FF UT WOS:000305074800059 ER PT J AU Bateson, TF Glenn, B Bayliss, D Xu, D Sinha, B AF Bateson, T. F. Glenn, B. Bayliss, D. Xu, D. Sinha, B. TI Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Formaldehyde Exposure on the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bateson, T. F.; Glenn, B.; Bayliss, D.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Xu, D.; Sinha, B.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 94 IS 5 SI SI BP 324 EP 324 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 956FF UT WOS:000305074800061 ER PT J AU Ellis-Hutchings, RG Settivari, RS Mccoy, AT Kleinstreuer, NC Marshall, VA Knudsen, TB Carney, EW AF Ellis-Hutchings, R. G. Settivari, R. S. Mccoy, A. T. Kleinstreuer, N. C. Marshall, V. A. Knudsen, T. B. Carney, E. W. TI Linking ToxCast (TM) Signatures with Functional Consequences: Proof-of-Concept Study Using Known Inhibitors of Vascular Development SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ellis-Hutchings, R. G.; Settivari, R. S.; Mccoy, A. T.; Marshall, V. A.; Carney, E. W.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Kleinstreuer, N. C.; Knudsen, T. B.] US EPA, NCCT, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Settivari, Raja/I-5200-2012 OI Settivari, Raja/0000-0001-9003-5917 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 94 IS 5 SI SI BP 331 EP 331 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 956FF UT WOS:000305074800075 ER PT J AU Narotsky, MG AF Narotsky, M. G. TI Comparison of Birth- and Conception-Based Definitions of Postnatal Age in Developmental and Reproductive Rodent Toxicity Studies: Influence of Gestation Length and Timing of Neonatal Examinations on Litter Data in Controls SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Narotsky, M. G.] US EPA, ORD, Tox Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 94 IS 5 SI SI BP 332 EP 332 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 956FF UT WOS:000305074800077 ER PT J AU Kang-Sickel, JC Adams, LS Guyton, KZ Makris, SL AF Kang-Sickel, J. C. Adams, L. S. Guyton, K. Z. Makris, S. L. TI Survey of Developmental Toxicity Outcomes Attributed to a Single Dose or Limited-Duration Exposure SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kang-Sickel, J. C.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Washington, DC USA. [Adams, L. S.] Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Kang-Sickel, J. C.; Adams, L. S.; Guyton, K. Z.; Makris, S. L.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 94 IS 5 SI SI BP 350 EP 350 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 956FF UT WOS:000305074800111 ER PT J AU Tang, CL Crosby, BT Wheaton, JM Piechota, TC AF Tang, Chunling Crosby, Benjamin T. Wheaton, Joseph M. Piechota, Thomas C. TI Assessing streamflow sensitivity to temperature increases in the Salmon River Basin, Idaho SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE streamflow; temperature increase; hydrology model; spatial and temporal scales; center time ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; WATER-RESOURCES; VARIABILITY; IMPACTS; NCEP/NCAR; PROJECT; FLUXES AB Increased temperatures are occurring in the Salmon River Basin (SRB) of Idaho and are anticipated to continue increasing in the future, leading to complex changes in climate and water resources. To address these concerns, the objective of this study was to evaluate streamflow changes/sensitivity when temperatures increase. A hydrological model, the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, was applied to simulate streamflow under thirty temperature increase scenarios (i.e., rising 0.1 degrees C per step to 3 degrees C). It was found that the annual mean streamflow decreased whenever temperatures increased in the SRB. Streamflow increases in winter and decreases in spring and summer but is barely affected by temperature in autumn. On a monthly basis, streamflow responses varied in response to rising temperatures. When temperature increased, the streamflow increase occurred from November to February, and it decreased from May to July. The analysis also discovered linear relationships between rising temperatures and streamflow changes throughout the year, with the exception of June and July, which revealed logarithmic correlations. Results obtained by daily streamflow analysis showed that center time occurred 10-30 d earlier when temperatures increased 2 degrees C and 15-45 d earlier when temperatures increased 3 degrees C. Finally, the Richards-Barker Index (R-B Index), a flashiness index, also increased with rising temperatures, and a higher R-B Index causes bank erosion problems. Changes in the streamflow due to the temperature increases have a significant implication both for the water management and ecological processes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tang, Chunling; Crosby, Benjamin T.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Wheaton, Joseph M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Piechota, Thomas C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89054 USA. RP Tang, CL (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Code E243-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM tangchun@isu.edu RI Wheaton, Joseph/F-1965-2010 OI Wheaton, Joseph/0000-0002-8361-8150 FU U.S. National Science Foundation (EPSCoR); Idaho State University FX This research is supported by U.S. National Science Foundation (EPSCoR). The authors thank the support of the Idaho State University, and the University of Nevada, Las Vegas sabbatical assistance. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD MAY PY 2012 VL 88-89 BP 32 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.03.002 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 953ED UT WOS:000304848800004 ER PT J AU Nahlik, AM Kentula, ME Fennessy, MS Landers, DH AF Nahlik, Amanda M. Kentula, Mary E. Fennessy, M. Siobhan Landers, Dixon H. TI Where is the consensus? A proposed foundation for moving ecosystem service concepts into practice SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Beneficiaries; Classification; Definition; Final Ecosystem Goods and Services (FEGS); Frameworks; Implementation plan ID ECONOMIC VALUE; UNITED-STATES; VALUATION; VALUES; CLASSIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; METAANALYSIS; FRAMEWORK; MARKETS AB Inconsistent terms, definitions, and classifications hinder advancement of the study and application of ecosystem services. A unified approach among disciplines involved in researching and implementing ecosystem services is imperative to moving concepts into practice. An operational definition needs to be adopted by the ecosystem service community as the basis of a classification system so that ecosystem goods and services may be measured by ecologists, valued by economists, and utilized by decision-makers. We propose a transdisciplinary approach centered upon shared principles, an ecosystem services definition, and a classification system. This shared foundation provides a common set of ecosystem goods and services that serves as the focus for and connection among multiple disciplines. This foundation is specific enough to be operational while remaining relevant to a multitude of ecosystem service objectives for which frameworks and implementation plans may be developed. Although numerous ecosystem service frameworks exist in the literature, many of them are non-operational or are focused toward a single discipline. An evaluation of these frameworks identifies knowledge gaps and suggests how we may advance ecosystem services into practice. Our evaluation demonstrates that foundational concepts (especially a definition and classification system, and community involvement) are often poorly addressed in ecosystem service frameworks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nahlik, Amanda M.; Kentula, Mary E.; Landers, Dixon H.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Fennessy, M. Siobhan] Kenyon Coll, Dept Biol, Gambier, OH 43022 USA. RP Nahlik, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM nahlik.amanda@epa.gov; kentula.mary@epa.gov; fennessym@kenyon.edu; landers.dixon@epa.gov NR 52 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 5 U2 85 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 77 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.01.001 PG 9 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 949NP UT WOS:000304583200005 ER PT J AU Jagai, JS Griffiths, JK Kirshen, PK Webb, P Naumova, EN AF Jagai, Jyotsna S. Griffiths, Jeffrey K. Kirshen, Paul K. Webb, Patrick Naumova, Elena N. TI Seasonal Patterns of Gastrointestinal Illness and Streamflow along the Ohio River SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Environmental Health Research CY SEP 18-21, 2011 CL Jackson, MS SP Jackson State Univ (JSU), Natl Inst Hlth, RCMI-Ctr Environm Hlth, U S Dept Educ, Title III Grad Educ Program, U S Environm Protect Agcy, JSU Off Acad Affairs, JSU Off Res & Fed Relat DE drinking water quality; gastrointestinal infections; hydrology; pathogens; seasonality; streamflow ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; DRINKING-WATER TURBIDITY; UNITED-STATES; STORMWATER RUNOFF; GIARDIA; INFECTION; SUPPLIES; DISEASES; GASTROENTERITIS; CONTAMINATION AB Waterborne gastrointestinal (GI) illnesses demonstrate seasonal increases associated with water quality and meteorological characteristics. However, few studies have been conducted on the association of hydrological parameters, such as streamflow, and seasonality of GI illnesses. Streamflow is correlated with biological contamination and can be used as proxy for drinking water contamination. We compare seasonal patterns of GI illnesses in the elderly (65 years and older) along the Ohio River for a 14-year period (1991-2004) to seasonal patterns of streamflow. Focusing on six counties in close proximity to the river, we compiled weekly time series of hospitalizations for GI illnesses and streamflow data. Seasonal patterns were explored using Poisson annual harmonic regression with and without adjustment for streamflow. GI illnesses demonstrated significant seasonal patterns with peak timing preceding peak timing of streamflow for all six counties. Seasonal patterns of illness remain consistent after adjusting for streamflow. This study found that the time of peak GI illness precedes the peak of streamflow, suggesting either an indirect relationship or a more direct path whereby pathogens enter water supplies prior to the peak in streamflow. Such findings call for interdisciplinary research to better understand associations among streamflow, pathogen loading, and rates of gastrointestinal illnesses. C1 [Jagai, Jyotsna S.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Griffiths, Jeffrey K.; Naumova, Elena N.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Kirshen, Paul K.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Griffiths, Jeffrey K.; Webb, Patrick] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Griffiths, Jeffrey K.; Naumova, Elena N.] Tufts Univ, Sch Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Jagai, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM jagai.jyotsna@epa.gov; jeffrey.griffiths@tufts.edu; paul.kirshen@unh.edu; patrick.webb@tufts.edu; elena.naumova@tufts.edu OI Naumova, Elena/0000-0002-9562-4734 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [T90 DK070117, T90 DK070117-05]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 013171, R01 ES013171] NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD MAY PY 2012 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1771 EP 1790 DI 10.3390/ijerph9051771 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 948ZJ UT WOS:000304543200018 PM 22754472 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, D Bienstock, RJ Schaaper, RM AF Ahluwalia, Deepti Bienstock, Rachelle J. Schaaper, Roe M. TI Novel mutator mutants of E-coli nrdAB ribonucleotide reductase: Insight into allosteric regulation and control of mutation rates SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE Ribonucleotide reductase; dNTP pools; DNA replication fidelity; Allosteric regulation ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDE POOL IMBALANCE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA DEPLETION; PROTEIN DOCKING PREDICTIONS; POLYMERASE III HOLOENZYME; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; REPLICATION FIDELITY; EFFECTOR-BINDING; LAGGING-STRAND; MUTAGENESIS; OLIGOMERIZATION AB Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is the enzyme critically responsible for the production of the 5'-deoxynucleoside-triphosphates (dNTPs), the direct precursors for DNA synthesis. The dNTP levels are tightly controlled to permit high efficiency and fidelity of DNA synthesis. Much of this control occurs at the level of the RNR by feedback processes, but a detailed understanding of these mechanisms is still lacking. Using a genetic approach in the bacterium Escherichia coli, a paradigm for the class Ia RNRs, we isolated 23 novel RNR mutants displaying elevated mutation rates along with altered dNTP levels. The responsible amino-acid substitutions in RNR reside in three different regions: (i) the (d)ATP-binding activity domain, (ii) a novel region in the small subunit adjacent to the activity domain, and (iii) the dNTP-binding specificity site, several of which are associated with different dNTP pool alterations and different mutational outcomes. These mutants provide new insight into the precise mechanisms by which RNR is regulated and how dNTP pool disturbances resulting from defects in RNR can lead to increased mutation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ahluwalia, Deepti; Schaaper, Roe M.] Natl Inst Environm & Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Bienstock, Rachelle J.] Natl Inst Environm & Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Schaaper, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm & Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM schaaper@niehs.nih.gov OI Bienstock, Rachelle/0000-0001-5228-3610 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [Z01 ES065086] FX We thank Drs. W. Copeland, M. Resnick, and S. Wilson of the NIEHS for their helpful comments on the manuscript for this paper and Dr. J. Stubbe and her laboratory for the coordinates of the Uhlin and Eklund model. This work was supported by project Z01 ES065086 of the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 EI 1568-7856 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 11 IS 5 BP 480 EP 487 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2012.02.001 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 948HP UT WOS:000304494500004 PM 22417940 ER PT J AU Cisewski, J Snyder, E Hannig, J Oudejans, L AF Cisewski, Jessi Snyder, Emily Hannig, Jan Oudejans, Lukas TI Support vector machine classification of suspect powders using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectral data SO JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE classification; support vector machine; wavelet; dimension reduction; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ID PLASMA; SPORES AB Classification of suspect powders, by using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectra, to determine if they could contain Bacillus anthracis spores is difficult because of the variability in their composition and the variability typically associated with LIBS analysis. A method that builds a support vector machine classification model for such spectra relying on the known elemental composition of the Bacillus spores was developed. A wavelet transformation was incorporated in this method to allow for possible thresholding or standardization, then a linear model technique using the known elemental structure of the spores was incorporated for dimension reduction, and a support vector machine approach was employed for the final classification of the substance. The method was applied to real data produced from an LIBS device. Several methods used to test the predictive performance of the classification model revealed promising results. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Cisewski, Jessi; Hannig, Jan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Stat & Operat Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Snyder, Emily; Oudejans, Lukas] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Cisewski, J (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Stat & Operat Res, 318 Hanes Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM cisewski@email.unc.edu FU National Science Foundation [1007543, 1016441]; US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development under ARCADIS GM [EP-C-04-023] FX The research of Jan Hannig and Jessi Cisewski was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant nos. 1007543 and 1016441. The authors wish to thank Professor M. R. Leadbetter (Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) for his contribution during the initial stages of this project. Emily Snyder and Lukas Oudejans wish to thank the assistance of Steve Terll, Matt Clayton, and Craig Williams of ARCADIS US, Inc. in creating pellets and recording of LIBS spectra.; The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development completed the research described here under ARCADIS G&M contract EP-C-04-023. It has been reviewed by the US Environmental Protection Agency's National Homeland Security Research Center and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0886-9383 J9 J CHEMOMETR JI J. Chemometr. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 26 IS 5 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.1002/cem.2422 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 945EP UT WOS:000304255900003 ER PT J AU Ferraro, SP Cole, FA AF Ferraro, Steven P. Cole, Faith A. TI Ecological periodic tables for benthic macrofaunal usage of estuarine habitats: Insights from a case study in Tillamook Bay, Oregon, USA SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecological periodic tables; benthic macrofauna; habitats; estuaries; USA, Oregon, Tillamook Bay; USA, Washington, Willapa Bay; USA, Washington, Grays Harbor ID ZOSTERA-JAPONICA; SEAGRASS LANDSCAPES; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WILLAPA BAY; BEDS; WASHINGTON; PATTERNS; DENSITY; FAUNA AB This study validates the ecological relevance of estuarine habitat types to the benthic macrofaunal community and, together with previous similar studies, suggests they can serve as elements in ecological periodic tables of benthic macrofaunal usage in the bioregion. We compared benthic macrofaunal Bray-Curtis similarity and the means of eight benthic macrofaunal community measures across seven habitat types in Tillamook Bay, Oregon, USA: intertidal eelgrass (Zostera marina), dwarf eelgrass (Zostera japonica), oyster (Crassostrea gigas) ground culture, burrowing mud shrimp (Upogebia pugettensis), burrowing ghost shrimp (Neotrypaea californiensis), sand and subtidal. Benthic macrofaunal Bray-Curtis similarity differed among all the habitats except ghost shrimp and sand. The habitat rank order on mean benthic macrofaunal species richness, abundance and biomass was dwarf eelgrass approximate to oyster >= mud shrimp approximate to eelgrass > sand approximate to ghost shrimp approximate to subtidal. The benthic macrofaunal habitat usage pattern in Tillamook Bay was, with a few exceptions, similar to that in two other US Pacific Northwest estuaries. The exceptions indicate variants of eelgrass and ghost shrimp habitat that differ in benthic macrofaunal usage perhaps due to differences in the coarseness of the sand fraction of the sediments in which they live. The similarities indicate periodic benthic macrofaunal usage patterns across the other habitat types extend over a wider geographic scale and range of environmental conditions than previously known. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ferraro, Steven P.; Cole, Faith A.] US EPA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Ferraro, SP (reprint author), US EPA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM ferraro.steven@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development FX We thank P. M. Chapman, two anonymous reviewers and the editor for reviewing the manuscript, J. Lamberson, M. Vance, S. Noack, J. Jones, J. Pelletier, J. Sewell, G. Paradis, C. Beyer, B. Coleman, G. Russell, P. Clinton, J. Ljubenkov, R. Zane and S. Weeks for their technical assistance, and Tillamook Bay property owners for their cooperation. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, funded this research, which has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 102 BP 70 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2012.03.009 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 936ZN UT WOS:000303628900007 ER PT J AU Bandilla, KW Kraemer, SR Birkholzer, JT AF Bandilla, Karl W. Kraemer, Stephen R. Birkholzer, Jens T. TI Using semi-analytic solutions to approximate the area of potential impact for carbon dioxide injection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Area of potential impact; Geologic carbon sequestration; Threshold critical pressure increase; CO2 plume extent ID CO2; SEQUESTRATION; STORAGE; TECHNOLOGIES; AQUIFERS AB This study examines using the threshold critical pressure increase and the extent of the carbon dioxide (CO2) plume to delineate the area of potential impact (AoPI) for geologic CO2 storage projects. The combined area covering both the CO2 plume and the region where the pressure is greater than the threshold critical pressure increase is defined as the AoPI. The threshold critical pressure increase is defined as the pressure needed to lift formation brine up the length of an unplugged well to an underground source of drinking water. Using parameter values based on existing and planned CO2 injection sites, in combination with a simple conceptual model, semi-analytic solutions are used to find the radial pressure response and spread of the CO2 plume. A set of sensitivity analyses investigates the parameters that have the strongest impact on the size of the AoPI. The sensitivity analyses show that the injection formation salinity and the vertical distance between injection formation and drinking water source have a strong impact on the threshold critical pressure increase. In addition, the formation permeability has a strong impact on the radius at which the threshold critical pressure is reached, as does the amount of diffuse leakage into neighboring formations. The radius of the CO2 plume is mainly impacted by the available storage space (thickness and porosity), the formation permeability and the injection rate. The radius of the AoPI is determined by the threshold critical pressure increase in about half of 1458 sensitivity cases, the rest are determined by the maximum extent of the free phase CO2 plume. When brine leakage into and through the cap rock is considered, the size of the AoPI is determined by the threshold critical pressure increase for only about 29% of the cases. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bandilla, Karl W.] US EPA, Natl Res Council, ORD, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Birkholzer, Jens T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bandilla, KW (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM karl.bandilla@gmail.com RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011 OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912 FU US Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development Laboratory in Athens, GA FX Karl Bandilla's research was administered through the National Research Council's Research Associateship Program, with funding supplied by the US Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development Laboratory in Athens, GA. The authors would like to thank Quanlin Zhou of Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory for help implementing the equations of state for brine and CO2. The Python code CAMELOT (code.google.com/p/camelotpy) was used for all the calculations of this study. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the US Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD MAY PY 2012 VL 8 BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2012.02.009 PG 9 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 941NT UT WOS:000303970600019 ER PT J AU Burd, CJ Ward, JM Crusselle-Davis, VJ Kissling, GE Phadke, D Shah, RR Archer, TK AF Burd, Craig J. Ward, James M. Crusselle-Davis, Valerie J. Kissling, Grace E. Phadke, Dhiral Shah, Ruchir R. Archer, Trevor K. TI Analysis of Chromatin Dynamics during Glucocorticoid Receptor Activation SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; IN-VIVO; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; BREAST-CANCER; MMTV PROMOTER; GENE; COACTIVATORS; COMPLEX; BINDING AB Steroid hormone receptors initiate a genetic program tightly regulated by the chromatin environment of the responsive regions. Using the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as a model factor for transcriptional initiation, we classified chromatin structure through formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE). We looked at dynamic changes in FAIRE signals during GR activation specifically at regions of receptor interaction. We found a distribution of GR-responsive regions with diverse responses to activation and chromatin modulation. The majority of GR binding regions demonstrate increases in FAIRE signal in response to ligand. However, the majority GR-responsive regions shared a similar FAIRE signal in the basal chromatin state, suggesting a common chromatin structure for GR recruitment. Supporting this notion, global FAIRE sequencing (seq) data indicated an enrichment of signal surrounding the GR binding site prior to activation. Brg-1 knockdown showed response element-specific effects of ATPase-dependent chromatin remodeling. FAIRE induction was universally decreased by Brg-1 depletion, but to varying degrees in a target specific manner. Taken together, these data suggest classes of nuclear receptor response regions that react to activation through different chromatin regulatory events and identify a chromatin structure that classifies the majority of response elements tested. C1 [Burd, Craig J.; Crusselle-Davis, Valerie J.; Archer, Trevor K.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromatin & Gene Express Grp, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kissling, Grace E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Phadke, Dhiral; Shah, Ruchir R.] SRA Int, Durham, NC USA. RP Archer, TK (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromatin & Gene Express Grp, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM archer1@niehs.nih.gov OI Burd, Craig/0000-0002-6899-6751 FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES071006-11] FX This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01 ES071006-11). NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 EI 1098-5549 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1805 EP 1817 DI 10.1128/MCB.06206-11 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 939TP UT WOS:000303840100004 PM 22451486 ER PT J AU Daughton, CG AF Daughton, Christian G. TI Using biomarkers in sewage to monitor community-wide human health: Isoprostanes as conceptual prototype SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Exposure assessment; Sewage epidemiology; Public health; Oxidative stress; Isoprostanes; Biomarkers ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OXIDATIVE STRESS BIOMARKERS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION PRODUCTS; CUMULATIVE RISK-ASSESSMENT; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN URINE; IN-VIVO; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; CLINICAL-IMPLICATIONS; REFERENCE VALUES AB Timely assessment of the aggregate health of small-area human populations is essential for guiding the optimal investment of resources needed for preventing, avoiding, controlling, or mitigating exposure risks. Seeking those interventions yielding the greatest benefit with respect to allocation of resources is essential for making progress toward community sustainability, promoting social justice, and maintaining or improving health and well-being. More efficient approaches are needed for revealing cause-effect linkages between environmental stressors and human health and for measuring overall aggregate health of small-area populations. A new concept is presented - community health assessment via Sewage Chemical Information Mining (SCIM) - for quickly gauging overall, aggregate health status or trends for entire small-area populations. The approach - BioSCIM - would monitor raw sewage for specific biomarkers broadly associated with human disease, stress, or health. A wealth of untapped chemical information resides in raw sewage, a portion comprising human biomarkers of exposure and effects. BioSCIM holds potential for capitalizing on the presence of biomarkers in sewage for accomplishing any number of objectives. One of the many potential applications of BioSCIM could use various biomarkers of stress resulting from the collective excretion from all individuals in a local population. A prototype example is presented using a class of biomarkers that measures collective, systemic oxidative stress - the isoprostanes (prostaglandin-like free-radical catalyzed oxidation products from certain polyunsaturated fatty acids). Sampling and analysis of raw sewage hold great potential for quickly determining aggregate biomarker levels for entire communities. Presented are the basic principles of BioSCIM, together with its anticipated limitations, challenges, and potential applications in assessing community-wide health. Community health assessment via BioSCIM could allow rapid assessments and intercomparisons of health status among distinct populations, revealing hidden or emerging trends or disparities and aiding in evaluating correlations (or hypotheses) between stressor exposures and disease. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Daughton, CG (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM daughton.christian@epa.gov OI Daughton, Christian/0000-0002-0302-7730 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development (ORD); ORD's Pathfinder Innovation Program FX U.S. EPA Notice: The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development (ORD) funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. This work was supported by ORD's Pathfinder Innovation Program, which was launched in October, 2010. The assistance of MST Scuderi (SEEP, US EPA, Las Vegas) in maintenance of the EndNote bibliographic database and with proof reading is greatly appreciated. NR 221 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 424 BP 16 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.038 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941IM UT WOS:000303956900003 PM 22425170 ER PT J AU Jensen, MS Wilcox, AJ Olsen, J Bonde, JP Thulstrup, AM Ramlau-Hansen, CH Henriksen, TB AF Jensen, Morten Sondergaard Wilcox, Allen J. Olsen, Jorn Bonde, Jens Peter Thulstrup, Ane Marie Ramlau-Hansen, Cecilia Host Henriksen, Tine Brink TI Cryptorchidism and Hypospadias in a Cohort of 934,538 Danish Boys: The Role of Birth Weight, Gestational Age, Body Dimensions, and Fetal Growth SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anthropometry; birth weight; cryptorchidism; fetal growth retardation; gestational age; hypospadias; siblings; twins ID RISK-FACTORS; PROGRAMMING WINDOW; TESTICULAR CANCER; UNITED-STATES; NEWBORN BOYS; INFANTS; TWINS; MASCULINIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; METAANALYSIS AB Early delivery and low birth weight are strong predictors of the urogenital anomalies cryptorchidism (undescended testis) and hypospadias. Understanding these associations may lead to important etiologic clues. Therefore, the authors revisited the prevailing hypotheses regarding fetal growth restriction as a risk factor for urogenital anomalies. They studied a population of 934,538 Danish boys born alive between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 2008. Cryptorchidism and hypospadias were associated with low weight-for-gestational-age, an indicator of fetal growth restriction, and furthermore the authors observed strong interaction with early delivery. Low birth weight in a singleton compared with the mean birth weight of all singleton brothers in the family or in a twin compared with the male co-twin was associated with higher risk of urogenital anomalies, suggesting an effect of relative fetal growth restriction within families. Contrary to previous reports, newborns' body dimensions assessed independently of birth weight were not associated with urogenital anomalies. The hypothesis that shared factors cause both fetal growth restriction and urogenital anomalies was supported by comparison of urogenital anomaly risks in singletons and twins and by patterns of cryptorchidism and hypospadias co-occurrence in individuals. These novel insights might also extend to other male reproductive conditions with prenatal etiology. C1 [Jensen, Morten Sondergaard; Henriksen, Tine Brink] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Perinatal Epidemiol Res Unit, Dept Pediat, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. [Jensen, Morten Sondergaard; Thulstrup, Ane Marie] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Occupat Med, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. [Wilcox, Allen J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC USA. [Olsen, Jorn; Ramlau-Hansen, Cecilia Host] Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Aarhus, Denmark. [Bonde, Jens Peter] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Jensen, MS (reprint author), Aarhus Univ Hosp, Perinatal Epidemiol Res Unit, Dept Pediat, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. EM morten@sondergaard-jensen.dk RI Lindhard, Morten/B-1963-2008; OI Lindhard, Morten/0000-0002-5685-8845; Sondergaard Jensen, Morten/0000-0003-4225-1388; Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 FU Aarhus University, Faculty of Health Sciences; Dagmar Marshall Foundation; Aarhus University Research Foundation; Foundation for Advancement of Medical Science; Knud Hojgaard's Foundation; Jacob Madsen and Olga Madsen's Foundation; Christian and Ottilia Brorson's Scholarship for Young Scientists; Danish Ramazzini Centre; C. C. Klestrup and Henriette Klestrup's Memorial Foundation; Carl and Ellen Hertz's Scholarship for Danish Medical Science FX Aarhus University, Faculty of Health Sciences, supported this work by providing Dr. Morten Sondergaard Jensen with a PhD scholarship. Additional financial support was provided by the Dagmar Marshall Foundation; the Aarhus University Research Foundation; the Foundation for Advancement of Medical Science; Knud Hojgaard's Foundation; Jacob Madsen and Olga Madsen's Foundation; Christian and Ottilia Brorson's Scholarship for Young Scientists; the Danish Ramazzini Centre; C. C. Klestrup and Henriette Klestrup's Memorial Foundation; and Carl and Ellen Hertz's Scholarship for Danish Medical Science. NR 49 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 175 IS 9 BP 917 EP 925 DI 10.1093/aje/kwr421 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 937IU UT WOS:000303653000009 PM 22454385 ER PT J AU Wilcox, AJ Baird, DD AF Wilcox, Allen J. Baird, Donna D. TI RE: "THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LIVING THROUGH A PROLONGED ECONOMIC DEPRESSION AND THE MALE:FEMALE BIRTH RATIO-A LONGITUDINAL STUDY FROM CUBA, 1960-2008" AND "INVITED COMMENTARY: NATURAL VERSUS UNNATURAL SEX RATIOS-A QUANDARY OF MODERN TIMES" REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Wilcox, Allen J.; Baird, Donna D.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC 27709 USA. RP Wilcox, AJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC 27709 USA. EM wilcox@niehs.nih.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 175 IS 9 DI 10.1093/aje/kws143 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 937IU UT WOS:000303653000016 ER PT J AU Robins, NA Hagan, NA AF Robins, Nicholas A. Hagan, Nicole A. TI Mercury Production and Use in Colonial Andean Silver Production: Emissions and Health Implications SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE health effects; Huancavelica, Peru; mercury emissions; mercury production; Potosi, Bolivia; silver production ID POLLUTION; GOLD; HUANCAVELICA; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; MINES; VAPOR AB BACKGROUND: Colonial cinnabar mining and refining began in Huancavelica, Peru, in 1564. With a local source of mercury, the amalgamation process was adopted to refine silver in Potosi, Bolivia, in the early 1570s. As a result, large quantities of mercury were released into the environment. OBJECTIVES: We used archival, primary, and secondary sources to develop the first estimate of mercury emissions from cinnabar refining in Huancavelica and to revise previous estimates of emissions from silver refining in Potosi during the colonial period (1564-1810). DISCUSSION: Although other estimates of historical mercury emissions have recognized Potosi as a significant source, Huancavelica has been overlooked. In addition, previous estimates of mercury emissions from silver refining under estimated emissions because of unrecorded (contra band) production and volatilization of mercury during processing and recovery. Archival descriptions document behavioral and health issues during the colonial period that are consistent with known effects of mercury intoxication. CONCLUSIONS: According to our calculations, between 1564 and 1810, an estimated 17,000 metric tons of mercury vapor were emitted from cinnabar smelting in Huancavelica, and an estimated 39,000 metric tons were released as vapor during silver refining operations in Potosi. Huancavelica and Potosi combined contributed > 25% of the 196,000 metric tons of mercury vapor emissions in all of Latin America between 1500 and 1800. The historical record is laden with evidence of mercury intoxication consistent with effects recognized today. Our estimates serve as the foundation of investigations of present-day contamination in Huancavelica and Potosi resulting from historical emissions of mercury. C1 [Robins, Nicholas A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hist, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Robins, Nicholas A.; Hagan, Nicole A.] US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Robins, NA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hist, Withers Hall 467, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM narobins@ncsu.edu FU National Archive and Library of Bolivia; Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education; Fulbright research grant FX N.A.R. thanks M. I. Calvimonte, director of the National Archive and Library of Bolivia, as well as her staff, for their support of the research for this article; R.J. Ruiz Ortiz, director of the Casa Nacional de Moneda in Potosi, and J.A. Fuertes Lopez, director of the Casa Nacional's Historical Archive, as well as his staff, for their assistance with this research; and D. Ballivian, J. Graff, and K. DeWindt for their assistance. Both authors thank M. Morris, G. Woodall, and J. Vandenberg for their assistance and comments in the development of the manuscript.; This research was supported in part by Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education fellowships at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development and by a Fulbright research grant to N.A.R. for work related to this project. NR 77 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 22 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 120 IS 5 BP 627 EP 631 DI 10.1289/ehp.1104192 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 935UF UT WOS:000303546000023 PM 22334094 ER PT J AU Rivera-Nunez, Z Wright, JM Blount, BC Silva, LK Jones, E Chan, RL Pegram, RA Singer, PC Savitz, DA AF Rivera-Nunez, Zorimar Wright, J. Michael Blount, Benjamin C. Silva, Lalith K. Jones, Elizabeth Chan, Ronna L. Pegram, Rex A. Singer, Philip C. Savitz, David A. TI Comparison of Trihalomethanes in Tap Water and Blood: A Case Study in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE blood THM; blood-water correlations; brominated THMs; noningestion water activities; trihalomethanes ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; PUBLIC DRINKING-WATER; INDOOR SWIMMING POOLS; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; BLADDER-CANCER; FETAL-GROWTH; BIRTH OUTCOMES; BUTYL ETHER; BROMODICHLOROMETHANE; CHLOROFORM AB BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have used various measures to characterize trihalomethane (THM) exposures, but the relationship of these indicators to exposure biomarkers remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: We examined temporal and spatial variability in baseline blood THM concentrations and assessed the relationship between these concentrations and several exposure indicators (tap water concentration, water-use activities, multiroute exposure metrics). METHODS: We measured water-use activity and THM concentrations in blood and residential tap water from 150 postpartum women from three U.S. locations. RESULTS: Blood Sigma THM [sum of chloroform (TCM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), and bromoform (TBM)] concentrations varied by site and season. As expected based on variable tap water concentrations and toxicokinetic properties, the proportion of brominated species (BDCM, DBCM, and TBM) in blood varied by site (site 1, 24%; site 2, 29%; site 3, 57%) but varied less markedly than in tap water (site 1, 35%; site 2, 75%; site 3, 68%). The blood-water Sigma THM Spearman rank correlation coefficient was 0.36, with correlations higher for individual brominated species (BDCM, 0.62; DBCM, 0.53; TBM, 0.54) than for TCM (0.37). Noningestion water activities contributed more to the total exposure metric than did ingestion, but tap water THM concentrations were more predictive of blood THM levels than were metrics that incorporated water use. CONCLUSIONS: Spatial and temporal variability in THM concentrations was greater in water than in blood. We found consistent blood-water correlations across season and site for BDCM and DBCM, and multivariate regression results suggest that water THM concentrations may be an adequate surro gate for baseline blood levels. C1 [Wright, J. Michael] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Rivera-Nunez, Zorimar] CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Blount, Benjamin C.; Silva, Lalith K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jones, Elizabeth] Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Chan, Ronna L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Pegram, Rex A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Singer, Philip C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Savitz, David A.] Brown Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Savitz, David A.] Brown Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Wright, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin King Dr,MS A-110, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wright.michael@epa.gov FU American Water Works Association Research Foundation [2579]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR825625-01, CR827268-01, CR828216-01]; Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill [P30E510126] FX This work was supported jointly by the American Water Works Association Research Foundation (project 2579) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under cooperative agreements CR825625-01, CR827268-01, and CR828216-01 with the Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill (P30E510126). NR 59 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 21 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 120 IS 5 BP 661 EP 667 DI 10.1289/ehp.1104347 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 935UF UT WOS:000303546000028 PM 22281753 ER PT J AU Binstock, D Gutknecht, W Sorrell, K Haas, C Winstead, W McCombs, M Brown, G Salmons, C Harper, SL AF Binstock, David Gutknecht, William Sorrell, Kristen Haas, Curtis Winstead, Wayne McCombs, Michelle Brown, Gordon Salmons, Cynthia Harper, Sharon L. TI Development and preparation of lead-containing paint films and diagnostic test materials SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-LEAD; COLLECTION; BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN AB Lead in paint continues to be a threat to children's health in cities across the United States, which means there is an ongoing need for testing and analysis of paint. This ongoing analytical effort and especially development of new methods continue to drive the need for diagnostic testing materials that provide the analytical challenges of real-world paints. To this end, 31 different types of paint test materials were developed and prepared. Preparation of the materials included development of lead-containing paint films yielding an overall relative standard error for one individual test sample being less than 10%. The 31 diagnostic test materials prepared with these paint films included two lead pigments; lead concentrations from nominally 0 to 2.0 mg lead/cm(2) (0 to 5% lead by weight); overlayers of both "lead-free," oil-based and water-based paints; Al, Ba, and Mg as potential chemical interferents; red and black potential color interferents; and substrates of wood, metal, masonry, and plaster. These materials challenge each step in method development and evaluation, including paint sample collection and preparation, lead extraction, and measurement of solubilized lead. When the materials were used to test performance of a new lead-in-paint testing method based on extraction using a rotor/stator method and measurement using turbidimetry, the results agreed to within +/- 20% of the expected lead values for 30 out of 31 of the diagnostic test materials, thereby demonstrating their levels of quality and utility. C1 [Binstock, David; Gutknecht, William; Sorrell, Kristen; Haas, Curtis; Winstead, Wayne; McCombs, Michelle; Brown, Gordon; Salmons, Cynthia] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Harper, Sharon L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Binstock, D (reprint author), RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Binnie@rti.org FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-05-065]; RTI [SUB1174861RB] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under Contract Number EP-D-05-065 to Alion Science and Technology, Inc., and RTI Subcontract Number SUB1174861RB. It has been subjected to Agency Review and approved for publication. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1417 EP 1427 DI 10.1039/c2em11004k PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 935EM UT WOS:000303501800017 PM 22460838 ER PT J AU Boninger, ML Brienza, D Charlifue, S Chen, YY Curley, KC Graves, DE Groah, S Heinemann, AW Hudson, LM Jackson, AB Johnson, KL Kalpakjian, CZ Kusiak, A Larson, KE Agustin, TS Sherwood, AM Shinowara, N Stripling, T Tate, D AF Boninger, M. L. Brienza, D. Charlifue, S. Chen, Y-Y Curley, K. C. Graves, D. E. Groah, S. Heinemann, A. W. Hudson, L. M. Jackson, A. B. Johnson, K. L. Kalpakjian, C. Z. Kusiak, A. Larson, K. E. Agustin, T. S. Sherwood, A. M. Shinowara, N. Stripling, T. Tate, D. TI State of the Science Conference in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation 2011: introduction SO SPINAL CORD LA English DT Editorial Material DE spinal cord injury; rehabilitation; research funding ID MODEL SYSTEMS C1 [Heinemann, A. W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Ctr Rehabil Outcomes Res, Feinberg Sch Med,Rehabil Inst Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Boninger, M. L.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Boninger, M. L.] VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Human Engn Res Labs, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Brienza, D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Rehabil Sci & Technol, Rehabil Engn Res Ctr Spinal Cord Injury, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Charlifue, S.] Craig Hosp, SCI Model Syst, Englewood, CO USA. [Chen, Y-Y] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Birmingham, AL USA. [Curley, K. C.] USA, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Med Res & Mat Command, ATTN MCMR RTC, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Curley, K. C.] Ctr Disaster & Humanitarian Assistance Med, Dept Sci & Med, Bethesda, MD USA. [Curley, K. C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Biomed Informat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Curley, K. C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Mil & Emergency Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Graves, D. E.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Groah, S.] Natl Rehabil Hosp, Washington, DC USA. [Hudson, L. M.] Shepherd Ctr, SE Reg SCI Model Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jackson, A. B.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Med, Dept PM&R, Birmingham, AL USA. [Johnson, K. L.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Rehabil Med, Div Rehabil Counseling, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kalpakjian, C. Z.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kusiak, A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Larson, K. E.] NSCIA, Elmhurst, NY USA. [Agustin, T. S.] Natl Inst Disabil & Rehabil Res, OSERS US Dept Educ, Washington, DC USA. [Sherwood, A. M.] Baylor Coll Med, Washington, DC USA. [Shinowara, N.] NICHD, Natl Ctr Med Rehabil Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Stripling, T.] Larkview Court, Fairfax Stn, VA USA. [Tate, D.] Univ Michigan, Michigan Burlington Off Ctr, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Heinemann, AW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Ctr Rehabil Outcomes Res, Feinberg Sch Med,Rehabil Inst Chicago, 345 E Super St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM a-heinemann@northwestern.edu RI Heinemann, Allen /K-6283-2012; OI Heinemann, Allen /0000-0003-2782-7326; Sherwood, Arthur/0000-0002-0110-4317; Boninger, Michael/0000-0001-6966-919X FU NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000005]; NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR024153] NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1362-4393 J9 SPINAL CORD JI Spinal Cord PD MAY PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 SI SI BP 342 EP 343 DI 10.1038/sc.2012.13 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 938ZF UT WOS:000303771700002 PM 22450887 ER PT J AU Freeman, LEB DeRoos, AJ Koutros, S Blair, A Ward, MH Alavanja, M Hoppin, JA AF Freeman, Laura E. Beane DeRoos, Anneclaire J. Koutros, Stella Blair, Aaron Ward, Mary H. Alavanja, Michael Hoppin, Jane A. TI Poultry and livestock exposure and cancer risk among farmers in the agricultural health study SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Livestock; Poultry; Cancer; Cohort study; Agriculture ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; LUNG-CANCER; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; PET BIRDS; AVIAN EXPOSURE; MORTALITY; OPERATIONS; ENDOTOXIN; WORKERS AB The purpose of this study is to evaluate cancer risk associated with raising animals as commodities, which is associated with a variety of exposures, such as infectious agents and endotoxins. Information was available for 49,884 male farmers in the Agricultural Health Study, who reported livestock and poultry production at enrollment (1993-1997). Cancer incidence data were obtained through annual linkage to state registries. Using Poisson regression analyses, we evaluated whether the number and type of animals raised on the farm impacted cancer risk. Overall, 31,848 (63.8%) male farmers reported raising any animals. Lung cancer risk decreased with increasing number of livestock on the farm (p trend = 0.04) and with raising poultry (Relative Risk (RR) = 0.6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4-0.97). Raising poultry was associated with an increased risk of colon cancer (RR = 1.4; 95% CI: 0.99-2.0) with further increased with larger flocks (p trend = 0.02). Risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma was also elevated in those who raised poultry (RR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0-2.4), but there was no evidence of increased risk with larger flocks (p trend = 0.5). Raising sheep was associated with a significantly increased risk of multiple myeloma (RR = 4.9; 95% CI: 2.4-12.0). Performing veterinary services increased the risk of Hodgkin lymphoma (RR = 12.2; 95% CI: 1.6-96.3). We observed an inverse association between raising poultry and livestock and lung cancer risk and some evidence of increased risk of specific lymphohematopoietic malignancies with specific types of animals and performing veterinary services. Further research into associations between raising animals and cancer risk should focus on identification of etiologic agents. C1 [Freeman, Laura E. Beane; Koutros, Stella; Blair, Aaron; Ward, Mary H.; Alavanja, Michael] NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Freeman, Laura E. Beane; Koutros, Stella; Blair, Aaron; Ward, Mary H.; Alavanja, Michael; Hoppin, Jane A.] Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. [DeRoos, Anneclaire J.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [DeRoos, Anneclaire J.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Hoppin, Jane A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Freeman, LEB (reprint author), NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd,MSC 7240, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM freemala@mail.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health (National Cancer Institute) [Z01 CP010119]; National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) [Z01 ES049030] FX This work was supported by funds from the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (National Cancer Institute Z01 CP010119 and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Z01 ES049030). All data used in these analyses were based on AHS data release P1REL201005.00. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAY PY 2012 VL 23 IS 5 BP 663 EP 670 DI 10.1007/s10552-012-9921-1 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 934CI UT WOS:000303418200001 ER PT J AU Fann, N Lamson, AD Anenberg, SC Wesson, K Risley, D Hubbell, BJ AF Fann, Neal Lamson, Amy D. Anenberg, Susan C. Wesson, Karen Risley, David Hubbell, Bryan J. TI Response to Cox Letter: "Miscommunicating Risk, Uncertainty, and Causation: Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality Risk as an Example" SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID MATTER C1 [Fann, Neal; Lamson, Amy D.; Anenberg, Susan C.; Wesson, Karen; Hubbell, Bryan J.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Risley, David] US EPA, Off Atmospher Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Fann, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Fann, Neal/0000-0002-6724-8575; Hubbell, Bryan/0000-0002-7963-3438 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 768 EP 770 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01807.x PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 934IQ UT WOS:000303438200003 ER PT J AU Newbold, SC AF Newbold, Stephen C. TI Examining the Health-Risk Tradeoffs of Mandatory Bicycle Helmet Laws SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID IMPROVE PUBLIC-HEALTH; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Newbold, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, EPA W Bldg 4316T,1301 Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM newbold.steve@epa.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 791 EP 798 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01770.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 934IQ UT WOS:000303438200006 PM 22324749 ER PT J AU Rusyn, I Sedykh, A Low, Y Guyton, KZ Tropsha, A AF Rusyn, Ivan Sedykh, Alexander Low, Yen Guyton, Kathryn Z. Tropsha, Alexander TI Predictive Modeling of Chemical Hazard by Integrating Numerical Descriptors of Chemical Structures and Short-term Toxicity Assay Data SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE QSAR; toxicity screening; hybrid modeling ID DRUG-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY; NONGENOTOXIC HEPATOCARCINOGENICITY; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; MECHANISTIC ASSESSMENT; SYSTEMS TOXICOLOGY; QSAR MODELS; TOXICOGENOMICS; LIVER AB Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models are widely used for in silico prediction of in vivo toxicity of drug candidates or environmental chemicals, adding value to candidate selection in drug development or in a search for less hazardous and more sustainable alternatives for chemicals in commerce. The development of traditional QSAR models is enabled by numerical descriptors representing the inherent chemical properties that can be easily defined for any number of molecules; however, traditional QSAR models often have limited predictive power due to the lack of data and complexity of in vivo endpoints. Although it has been indeed difficult to obtain experimentally derived toxicity data on a large number of chemicals in the past, the results of quantitative in vitro screening of thousands of environmental chemicals in hundreds of experimental systems are now available and continue to accumulate. In addition, publicly accessible toxicogenomics data collected on hundreds of chemicals provide another dimension of molecular information that is potentially useful for predictive toxicity modeling. These new characteristics of molecular bioactivity arising from short-term biological assays, i.e., in vitro screening and/or in vivo toxicogenomics data can now be exploited in combination with chemical structural information to generate hybrid QSAR like quantitative models to predict human toxicity and carcinogenicity. Using several case studies, we illustrate the benefits of a hybrid modeling approach, namely improvements in the accuracy of models, enhanced interpretation of the most predictive features, and expanded applicability domain for wider chemical space coverage. C1 [Rusyn, Ivan; Low, Yen] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Sedykh, Alexander; Low, Yen; Tropsha, Alexander] Univ N Carolina, Div Chem Biol & Med Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Guyton, Kathryn Z.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Rusyn, I (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM iir@unc.edu RI Tropsha, Alexander/G-6245-2014; Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016 FU National Institutes of Health (NTH) [R01 ES015241]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [RD83382501] FX This work was supported, in part, by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NTH) (R01 ES015241) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (RD83382501). NR 68 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 44 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 127 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfs095 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 935AT UT WOS:000303490100001 PM 22387746 ER PT J AU Rider, CV Dourson, ML Hertzberg, RC Mumtaz, MM Price, PS Simmons, JE AF Rider, Cynthia V. Dourson, Michael L. Hertzberg, Richard C. Mumtaz, Moiz M. Price, Paul S. Simmons, Jane Ellen TI Incorporating Nonchemical Stressors Into Cumulative Risk Assessments SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE joint action; exposure; dose response; modeling ID HEALTH; PESTICIDE; FRAMEWORK; EXPOSURES; AGGREGATE AB The role of nonchemical stressors in modulating the human health risk associated with chemical exposures is an area of increasing attention. On 9 March 2011, a workshop titled "Approaches for Incorporating Nonchemical Stressors into Cumulative Risk Assessment" took place during the 50th Anniversary Annual Society of Toxicology Meeting in Washington D.C. Objectives of the workshop included describing the current state of the science from various perspectives (i.e., regulatory, exposure, modeling, and risk assessment) and presenting expert opinions on currently available methods for incorporating nonchemical stressors into cumulative risk assessments. Herein, distinct frameworks for characterizing exposure to, joint effects of, and risk associated with chemical and nonchemical stressors are discussed. C1 [Rider, Cynthia V.] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dourson, Michael L.] Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment TERA, Cincinnati, OH 45211 USA. [Hertzberg, Richard C.] Biomath Consulting, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Mumtaz, Moiz M.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Price, Paul S.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Simmons, Jane Ellen] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rider, CV (reprint author), NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233,MD K2-12, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM ridercv@niehs.nih.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 127 IS 1 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfs088 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 935AT UT WOS:000303490100002 PM 22345310 ER PT J AU Hester, S Moore, T Padgett, WT Murphy, L Wood, CE Nesnow, S AF Hester, Susan Moore, Tanya Padgett, William T. Murphy, Lynea Wood, Charles E. Nesnow, Stephen TI The Hepatocarcinogenic Conazoles: Cyproconazole, Epoxiconazole, and Propiconazole Induce a Common Set of Toxicological and Transcriptional Responses SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE conazoles; cyproconazole; epoxiconazole; propiconazole; transcriptional analyses; hepatocarcinogenic; cell proliferation; liver; mice; all-trans-retinoic acid; cholesterol; Ki67 ID GROWTH-FACTOR-ALPHA; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; CYTOCHROME-P450 GENE-EXPRESSION; HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; NF-KAPPA-B; MOUSE-LIVER; CELL-PROLIFERATION; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITIES; IN-VIVO AB Conazoles are fungicides used as agricultural pesticides and pharmaceutical products. We investigated whether a common core of toxicological and transcriptional responses underlies the observed carcinogenic effects of three conazoles: cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, and propiconazole. In studies where mice were fed diets of these conazoles for 30 days, we found a common set of toxicological effects altered by these conazoles: hepatomegaly, hepatocellular hypertrophy, decreased serum cholesterol, decreased hepatic levels of all-trans-retinoic acid, and increased hepatic cell proliferation. Microarray-based transcriptional analysis revealed 330 significantly altered probe sets common to these conazoles, many of which showed strong dose responses for cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, and oxidative stress genes. More detailed analyses identified a subset of 80 altered genes common to the three conazoles that were associated with cancer. Pathways associated with these genes included xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, cell signaling, and cell proliferation. A common TGF alpha-centric pathway was identified within the 80-gene set, which, in combination with the toxicological and other transcriptomic findings, provides a more refined toxicity profile for these carcinogenic conazoles. C1 [Hester, Susan; Moore, Tanya; Padgett, William T.; Murphy, Lynea; Wood, Charles E.; Nesnow, Stephen] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hester, S (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, B105-03,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hester.susan@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 53 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 32 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 127 IS 1 BP 54 EP 65 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfs086 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 935AT UT WOS:000303490100006 PM 22334560 ER PT J AU Channell, MM Paffett, ML Devlin, RB Madden, MC Campen, MJ AF Channell, Meghan M. Paffett, Michael L. Devlin, Robert B. Madden, Michael C. Campen, Matthew J. TI Circulating Factors Induce Coronary Endothelial Cell Activation Following Exposure to Inhaled Diesel Exhaust and Nitrogen Dioxide in Humans: Evidence From a Novel Translational In Vitro Model SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE diesel; nitrogen dioxide; cardiovascular; air pollution; endothelial activation; ICAM-1; VCAM-1; translational; interleukin-8 ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; CARDIAC OXIDATIVE STRESS; NF-KAPPA-B; VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; INFLAMMATION; PARTICLES; INHALATION; POLLUTANTS AB The vascular toxicity of inhaled agents may be caused by soluble factors that are released into the systemic circulation. To confirm this in a straightforward manner, we obtained plasma from healthy human volunteers before and after exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Plasma samples were obtained from human volunteers exposed to 100 mu g/m(3) DE or filtered air for 2 h. A second cohort was exposed to 500 ppb NO2 or filtered air in an identical protocol. Primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (hCAECs) were grown to confluence and treated for 24 h with a 10 or 30% (in media) mixture of plasma obtained before, immediately post or 24 h postexposure to pollutant exposures. Messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated from hCAECs following the incubation and probed for intracellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) expression. ICAM-1 mRNA expression was increased by plasma obtained at both timepoints following the NO2 exposures. VCAM-1 was significantly elevated in cells treated with plasma obtained 24 h following diesel exposure and at both timepoints following NO2 exposure. Interleukin-8 protein was elevated in the hCAEC supernatant when cells were incubated with plasma from NO2 exposures. These data indicate that proinflammatory circulating factors are elevated acutely following exposure to both DE and a primary component thereof, NO2. These functional translational assays offer novel approaches to assessing the cardiovascular risk associated with air pollution exposure. C1 [Channell, Meghan M.; Paffett, Michael L.; Campen, Matthew J.] Univ New Mexico, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Devlin, Robert B.; Madden, Michael C.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27711 USA. RP Campen, MJ (reprint author), 1 Univ New Mexico, MSC09 5360, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM mcampen@salud.unm.edu FU National Institutes of Health [ES014369]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR [R83399001] FX National Institutes of Health (ES014369) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR Award (R83399001). NR 34 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 127 IS 1 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfs084 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 935AT UT WOS:000303490100018 PM 22331494 ER PT J AU Yokel, RA Au, TC MacPhail, R Hardas, SS Butterfield, DA Sultana, R Goodman, M Tseng, MT Dan, M Haghnazar, H Unrine, JM Graham, UM Wu, P Grulke, EA AF Yokel, Robert A. Au, Tu C. MacPhail, Robert Hardas, Santa S. Butterfield, D. Allan Sultana, Rukhsana Goodman, Michael Tseng, Michael T. Dan, Mo Haghnazar, Hamed Unrine, Jason M. Graham, Uschi M. Wu, Peng Grulke, Eric A. TI Distribution, Elimination, and Biopersistence to 90 Days of a Systemically Introduced 30 nm Ceria-Engineered Nanomaterial in Rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ceria; excretion; tissue distribution; rat; retention ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CEO2 NANOPARTICLES; IN-VITRO; PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; INHALATION TOXICITY; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Nanoceria is used as a catalyst in diesel fuel, as an abrasive in printed circuit manufacture, and is being pursued as an antioxidant therapeutic. Our objective is to extend previous findings showing that there were no reductions of cerium in organs of the mononuclear phagocyte (reticuloendothelial) system up to 30 days after a single nanoscale ceria administration. An similar to 5% aqueous dispersion of citrate-stabilized 30 nm ceria, synthesized and characterized in-house, or vehicle, was iv infused into rats terminated 1, 7, 30, or 90 days later. Cageside observations were obtained daily, body weight weekly. Daily urinary and fecal cerium outputs were quantified for 2 weeks. Nine organs were weighed and samples collected from 14 tissues/organs/systems, blood and cerebrospinal fluid for cerium determination. Histology and oxidative stress were assessed. Less than 1% of the nanoceria was excreted in the first 2 weeks, 98% in feces. Body weight gain was initially impaired. Spleen weight was significantly increased in some ceria-treated groups, associated with abnormalities. Ceria was primarily retained in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. There was little decrease of ceria in any tissue over the 90 days. Granulomas were observed in the liver. Time-dependent oxidative stress changes were seen in the liver and spleen. Nanoscale ceria was persistently retained by organs of the mononuclear phagocyte system, associated with adverse changes. The results support concern about the long-term fate and adverse effects of inert nanoscale metal oxides that distribute throughout the body, are persistently retained, and produce adverse changes. C1 [Yokel, Robert A.; Au, Tu C.; Dan, Mo; Haghnazar, Hamed] Univ Kentucky, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Acad Med Ctr, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Yokel, Robert A.; Dan, Mo] Univ Kentucky, Grad Ctr Toxicol, Acad Med Ctr, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [MacPhail, Robert] US EPA, Neurotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hardas, Santa S.; Butterfield, D. Allan; Sultana, Rukhsana; Goodman, Michael] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Butterfield, D. Allan] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Membrane Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Tseng, Michael T.] Univ Louisville, Dept Anat Sci & Neurobiol, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. [Unrine, Jason M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Graham, Uschi M.] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. [Wu, Peng; Grulke, Eric A.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Yokel, RA (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Acad Med Ctr, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM ryokel@email.uky.edu OI Unrine, Jason/0000-0003-3012-5261 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [RD-833772]; United States Environmental Protection Agency through STAR [RD-833772]; Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky; Office of the Dean, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky FX This work was supported by United States Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (grant number RD-833772). Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through STAR Grant RD-833772, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. Support was provided to T.C.A. (Summer Undergraduate Research Program) from The Pharmaceutical Sciences Department and Office of the Dean, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky. NR 72 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 42 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 127 IS 1 BP 256 EP 268 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfs067 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 935AT UT WOS:000303490100025 PM 22367688 ER PT J AU Meiman, PJ Davis, NR Brummer, JE Ippolito, JA AF Meiman, P. J. Davis, N. R. Brummer, J. E. Ippolito, J. A. TI Riparian Shrub Metal Concentrations and Growth in Amended Fluvial Mine Tailings SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Riparian restoration; Heavy metal toxicity; Aboveground metal concentrations; Belowground metal concentrations; Salix; Alnus; Betula; Dasiphora; Cornus ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; BETULA-PENDULA; CADMIUM; PB; ACCUMULATION; COPPER; SALIX; CD; CU AB Fluvial mine tailing deposition has caused extensive riparian damage throughout the western USA. Willows are often used for fluvial mine tailing revegetation, but some accumulate excessive metal concentrations potentially detrimental to browsers. This greenhouse experiment evaluated growth and metal accumulation of Geyer willow (Salix geyeriana Andersson), Drummond's willow (Salix drummondiana Barratt ex Hook.), diamondleaf willow (Salix planifolia Pursh), Bebb willow (Salix bebbiana Sarg.), thinleaf alder [Alnus incana (L.) Moench spp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung], water birch (Betula occidentalis Hook.), red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L. spp. sericea), and shrubby cinquefoil [(Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. ssp. floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz)]. Bare-root shrubs were grown in tailings collected from three acidic, metal-contaminated (i.e., Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) fluvial deposits near Leadville, Colorado, USA. Tailings were amended with only lime to raise the soil pH to 7 s.u., or with lime and composted biosolids (224 Mg ha(-1)). All shrubs survived in the amended tailings; composted biosolids had little effect on plant biomass. Aboveground and belowground biomass increased during the 2-month greenhouse study by 3-9 and 1.5-5 times initial values, respectively. Most shrubs accumulated Pb and Cu in roots, and belowground Pb concentrations in all shrubs were significantly reduced by the addition of composted biosolids. Compared to other species, alder and cinquefoil accumulated Pb in aboveground growth, and concentrations exceeded animal toxicity thresholds, but these shrubs normally comprise a small proportion of animal diets. Dogwood, alder, and cinquefoil contained low Cd concentrations in aboveground new growth, whereas Bebb and Geyer willow contained zootoxic concentrations. Dogwood, alder, and cinquefoil are three good candidates for mine tailing revegetation, especially in fluvial deposits with elevated Cd concentrations. C1 [Meiman, P. J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Davis, N. R.] US EPA, Denver, CO USA. [Brummer, J. E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ippolito, J. A.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. RP Meiman, PJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM pmeiman@warnercnr.colostate.edu FU Colorado State University Agricultural Experiment Station FX This research was funded by the Colorado State University Agricultural Experiment Station, with Dr. Lee Sommers as the Director. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 223 IS 4 BP 1815 EP 1828 DI 10.1007/s11270-011-0986-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 933TO UT WOS:000303385800031 ER PT J AU Solorzano-Ochoa, G de la Rosa, DA Maiz-Larralde, P Gullett, BK Tabor, DG Touati, A Wyrzykowska-Ceradini, B Fiedler, H Abel, T Carroll, WF AF Solorzano-Ochoa, Gustavo de la Rosa, David A. Maiz-Larralde, Pablo Gullett, Brian K. Tabor, Dennis G. Touati, Abderrahmane Wyrzykowska-Ceradini, Barbara Fiedler, Heidelore Abel, Todd Carroll, William F., Jr. TI Open burning of household waste: Effect of experimental condition on combustion quality and emission of PCDD, PCDF and PCB SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Open burning; Municipal solid waste; PCDD; PCDF; PCB; Stockholm Convention ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS AB Open burning for waste disposal is, in many countries, the dominant source of polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls (PCDD/PCDF/PCB) release to the environment. To generate emission factors for open burning, experimental pile burns of about 100 kg of household waste were conducted with emissions sampling. From these experiments and others conducted by the same authors it is found that less compaction of waste or active mixing during the fire - "stirring" - promotes better combustion (as evidenced by lower CO/CO2 ratio) and reduces emissions of PCDD/PCDF/PCB; an intuitive but previously undemonstrated result. These experiments also support previous results suggesting PCDD/PCDF/PCB generation in open burning - while still highly variable - tends to be greater in the later (smoldering) phases of burning when the CO/CO2 ratio increases. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Abel, Todd; Carroll, William F., Jr.] Amer Chem Council, Chlorine Chem Div, Washington, DC 20002 USA. [Solorzano-Ochoa, Gustavo; de la Rosa, David A.] Natl Ctr Environm Res & Training, Natl Inst Ecol, Coyoacan 04390, DF, Mexico. [Maiz-Larralde, Pablo] Gamatek, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. [Gullett, Brian K.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev E343 04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tabor, Dennis G.; Touati, Abderrahmane; Wyrzykowska-Ceradini, Barbara] ARCADIS US Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Fiedler, Heidelore] United Nations Environm Programme, DTIE Chem Branch, CH-1219 Chatelaine, GE, Switzerland. RP Carroll, WF (reprint author), Amer Chem Council, Chlorine Chem Div, 700 2nd St NE, Washington, DC 20002 USA. EM bill_carroll@oxy.com RI Fiedler, Heidelore/P-6115-2015; OI Fiedler, Heidelore/0000-0003-1496-9245; Carroll, William F/0000-0002-7051-3202 FU United Nations Environment Programme, Chemicals Branch; US EPA; Chlorine Chemistry Division, American Chemistry Council FX This study was financed by the United Nations Environment Programme, Chemicals Branch. Analytical work for PCDD/PCDF/PCB was financed and administered through a Materials Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between US EPA and the Chlorine Chemistry Division, American Chemistry Council. WFC thanks Patrick Dyke of PD Consulting for several helpful conversations. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAY PY 2012 VL 87 IS 9 BP 1003 EP 1008 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.038 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 932LN UT WOS:000303292700003 PM 22189377 ER PT J AU Magnuson, ML Satzger, RD Alcaraz, A Brewer, J Fetterolf, D Harper, M Hrynchuk, R McNally, MF Montgomery, M Nottingham, E Peterson, J Rickenbach, M Seidel, JL Wolnik, K AF Magnuson, Matthew L. Satzger, R. Duane Alcaraz, Armando Brewer, Jason Fetterolf, Dean Harper, Martin Hrynchuk, Ronald McNally, Mary F. Montgomery, Madeline Nottingham, Eric Peterson, James Rickenbach, Michael Seidel, Jimmy L. Wolnik, Karen TI Guidelines for the Identification of Unknown Samples for Laboratories Performing Forensic Analyses for Chemical Terrorism SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; chemical terrorism; unknown; unknown samples; identification; sample acceptance; analysis; reporting ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; CRITERIA AB Since the early 1990s, the FBI Laboratory has sponsored Scientific Working Groups to improve discipline practices and build consensus among the forensic community. The Scientific Working Group on the Forensic Analysis of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Terrorism developed guidance, contained in this document, on issues forensic laboratories encounter when accepting and analyzing unknown samples associated with chemical terrorism, including laboratory capabilities and analytical testing plans. In the context of forensic analysis of chemical terrorism, this guidance defines an unknown sample and addresses what constitutes definitive and tentative identification. Laboratory safety, reporting issues, and postreporting considerations are also discussed. Utilization of these guidelines, as part of planning for forensic analysis related to a chemical terrorism incident, may help avoid unfortunate consequences not only to the public but also to the laboratory personnel. C1 [Magnuson, Matthew L.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Satzger, R. Duane; Wolnik, Karen] US FDA, Forens Chem Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45237 USA. [Alcaraz, Armando] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Brewer, Jason; Fetterolf, Dean; Montgomery, Madeline; Rickenbach, Michael] Fed Bur Invest Lab, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. [Harper, Martin] NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Hrynchuk, Ronald] Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Natl Forens Serv, Winnipeg, MB R3N OE7, Canada. [McNally, Mary F.] USA, Dept Def, RDECOM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Nottingham, Eric] US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Peterson, James] Fed Bur Invest, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Seidel, Jimmy L.] US EPA, Off Criminal Enforcement Forens & Training, Forens Operat Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Magnuson, ML (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM magnuson.matthew@epa.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 57 IS 3 BP 636 EP 642 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.02014.x PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 928QX UT WOS:000302999000009 PM 22211294 ER PT J AU Tupin, EA Boyd, MA Mosser, JE Wieder, JS AF Tupin, Edward A. Boyd, Michael A. Mosser, Jennifer E. Wieder, Jessica S. TI US EPA RESPONSE TO THE FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACCIDENT SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topics; dose assessment; monitoring, air; public information AB During the spring of 2011, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) used its national radiation monitoring and sampling system, RadNet, to detect, identify, and inform the public about radioactive material in the United States resulting from Japan's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant release. The RadNet system monitors ambient air, drinking water, precipitation, and pasteurized milk for radionuclides. To supplement its existing stationary (fixed) continuous air monitoring system, EPA deployed additional air monitors to Saipan, Guam, and locations in the western United States. The Agency also accelerated the regular quarterly sampling of milk and drinking water and collected an additional round of samples. For two months, staff located at EPA's Headquarters Emergency Operations Center, west coast regional offices, and National Air and Radiation Environmental Lab worked seven days a week to handle the increased radiochemical sample analysis from air filters, precipitation, drinking water, and milk; provide interagency scientific input; and answer press and public inquiries. EPA's data was consistent with what was expected from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant release. The levels of radioactivity were so low that the readings from the near-real-time RadNet air monitors stayed within normal background ranges. Detailed sample analyses were needed to identify the radionuclides associated with the release. Starting at the end of April and continuing through May 2011, levels of radioactive material decreased as expected. Health Phys. 102(5):563-569; 2012 C1 [Tupin, Edward A.; Boyd, Michael A.; Mosser, Jennifer E.; Wieder, Jessica S.] US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Radiat Protect Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Tupin, EA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Radiat Protect Div, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 6608J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM tupin.edward@epa.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 102 IS 5 BP 563 EP 569 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e31824cc02e PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 925VG UT WOS:000302789300013 PM 22469933 ER PT J AU Zartarian, V Xue, JP Glen, G Smith, L Tulve, N Tornero-Velez, R AF Zartarian, Valerie Xue, Jianping Glen, Graham Smith, Luther Tulve, Nicolle Tornero-Velez, Rogelio TI Quantifying children's aggregate (dietary and residential) exposure and dose to permethrin: application and evaluation of EPA's probabilistic SHEDS-Multimedia model SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE probabilistic; exposure; model; aggregate; SHEDS; permethrin ID EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENTS; PYRETHROID PESTICIDES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CARE-CENTERS; CHLORPYRIFOS; CONTACT; HOMES; METHODOLOGY; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS AB Reliable, evaluated human exposure and dose models are important for understanding the health risks from chemicals. A case study focusing on permethrin was conducted because of this insecticide's widespread use and potential health effects. SHEDS-Multimedia was applied to estimate US population permethrin exposures for 3- to 5-year-old children from residential, dietary, and combined exposure routes, using available dietary consumption data, food residue data, residential concentrations, and exposure factors. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were conducted to identify key factors, pathways, and research needs. Model evaluation was conducted using duplicate diet data and biomonitoring data from multiple field studies, and comparison to other models. Key exposure variables were consumption of spinach, lettuce, and cabbage; surface-to-skin transfer efficiency; hand mouthing frequency; fraction of hand mouthed; saliva removal efficiency; fraction of house treated; and usage frequency. For children in households using residential permethrin, the non-dietary exposure route was most important, and when all households were included, dietary exposure dominated. SHEDS-Multimedia model estimates compared well to real-world measurements data; this exposure assessment tool can enhance human health risk assessments and inform children's health research. The case study provides insights into children's aggregate exposures to permethrin and lays the foundation for a future cumulative pyrethroid pesticides risk assessment. C1 [Zartarian, Valerie; Xue, Jianping; Tulve, Nicolle; Tornero-Velez, Rogelio] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Glen, Graham; Smith, Luther] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Zartarian, V (reprint author), US EPA, 5 PO Sq,Suite 100,ORA 20-1, Boston, MA 02109 USA. EM zartarian.valerie@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development [EP-D-05-065] FX We thank Andrew Geller, Brad Schultz, Roy Fortmann, Haluk Ozkaynak, and Kristin Isaacs from the EPA's Office of Research and Development for their support on the SHEDS model. We also acknowledge David Miller, Steve Nako, Matthew Crowley, David Hrdy, Dana Vogel, Charles Smith, Kelly Lowe, Victor Miller and others from the EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs for assisting with permethrin inputs and reviewing an early draft of this paper. We thank Mariko Porter of Alion for assistance with input preparation. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development conducted and partially funded the research described here under Contract EP-D-05-065 to Alion Science and Technology. NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 22 IS 3 BP 267 EP 273 DI 10.1038/jes.2012.12 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 926QZ UT WOS:000302847300007 PM 22434114 ER PT J AU Lawless, P Thornburg, J Rodes, C Williams, R AF Lawless, Phil Thornburg, Jonathan Rodes, Charles Williams, Ron TI Personal exposure monitoring wearing protocol compliance: An initial assessment of quantitative measurement SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE personal monitoring; quantitative protocol compliance; analytical methods ID PARTICULATE MATTER PANEL; AIR CONCENTRATIONS; UNITED-STATES; INDOOR; OUTDOOR; AMBIENT; PARTICLES; ASSOCIATION; POPULATIONS; BALTIMORE AB Personal exposure sampling provides the most accurate and representative assessment of exposure to a pollutant, but only if measures are implemented to minimize exposure misclassification and reduce confounders that may cause misinterpretation of the collected data. Poor compliance with personal sampler wearing protocols can create positive or negative biases in the reported exposure concentrations, depending on proximity of the participant or the personal sampler to the pollutant source when the monitor was not worn as instructed. This paper presents an initial quantitative examination of personal exposure monitor wearing protocol compliance during a longitudinal particulate matter personal exposure monitoring study of senior citizens of compromise health in North Carolina. Wearing compliance varied between participants because of gender or employment status, but not longitudinally or between cohorts. A minimum waking wearing compliance threshold, 0.4 for this study of senior citizens, is suggested to define when personal exposure measurements are representative of a participant's exposure. The ability to define a minimum threshold indicates data weighting techniques may be used to estimate a participant's exposure assuming perfect protocol compliance. C1 [Thornburg, Jonathan; Williams, Ron] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lawless, Phil; Rodes, Charles] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Williams, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD E-205-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM williams.ronald@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency, through Office of Research and Development [68-D-99-021, EP-D-04-065, EP-D-68-00-206, EP-D-04-068] FX The US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, partially funded the research described here through Contract 68-D-99-021 (RTI International), EP-D-04-065 and EP-D-68-00-206 (Alion Science and Technology), and EP-D-04-068 (Battelle Columbus Laboratories). Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. Carry Croghan and Carvin Stevens of the US EPA are acknowledged for their assistance in data validation. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 22 IS 3 BP 274 EP 280 DI 10.1038/jes.2012.8 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 926QZ UT WOS:000302847300008 PM 22377684 ER PT J AU Able, KW Vivian, DN Petruzzelli, G Hagan, SM AF Able, Kenneth W. Vivian, Deborah N. Petruzzelli, Gina Hagan, Stacy M. TI Connectivity Among Salt Marsh Subhabitats: Residency and Movements of the Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Salt marsh; Mummichog; Residency; Movements; Seascape; Subhabitats ID HABITAT USE PATTERNS; NEW-JERSEY ESTUARY; DELAWARE BAY; NEW-ENGLAND; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; COMMON REED; NEKTON USE; GROWTH; FISHES; USA AB We examined connectivity among marsh subhabitats to determine the structural limits and important components of a polyhaline salt marsh by studying the patterns of abundance, residency, and movement of a numerically and ecologically dominant nektonic fish (mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus). We captured, tagged (n = 14,040 individuals, 30-110 mm), and recaptured from Feb 2001 to Jul 2002, although most recaptures (75-95% by tagging location) occurred within 150 days. Seasonal residency and movements were common among most subhabitats based on catch per unit effort and recapture per unit effort. Thus, these (marsh pools, intertidal and subtidal creeks, and marsh surface) should be considered natural subhabitats within New England type salt marshes. Further, all these subhabitat types should be included in studies of salt marsh nekton and marsh restoration and creation activities. C1 [Able, Kenneth W.; Petruzzelli, Gina; Hagan, Stacy M.] Rutgers State Univ, Marine Field Stn, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. [Vivian, Deborah N.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Able, KW (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Marine Field Stn, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, 800 Great Bay Blvd, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. EM able@marine.rutgers.edu FU RUMFS FX All techniques used in this study were conducted under Rutgers University Animal Use Protocol no. 88-042. Numerous individuals from the Rutgers University Marine Field Station (RUMFS) assisted in the tagging and recapture over several seasons. Karen Hunter helped with the data compilation and analysis. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier draft. This study was supported by RUMFS and is Rutgers University Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Contribution no. 2012-2. NR 57 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2012 VL 35 IS 3 BP 743 EP 753 DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9471-x PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 921MH UT WOS:000302481200004 ER PT J AU Schroeder-Moreno, MS Greaver, TL Wang, SX Hu, SJ Rufty, TW AF Schroeder-Moreno, Michelle S. Greaver, Tara L. Wang, Shuxin Hu, Shujin Rufty, Thomas W. TI Mycorrhizal-mediated nitrogen acquisition in switchgrass under elevated temperatures and N enrichment SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE 15N tracer; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; global change; hyphal N transport; N deposition; sustainable biofuel production ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAS; ORGANIC MATERIAL; GROWTH-RESPONSES; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; PLANT-GROWTH; FUNGI REDUCE; HOST-PLANT; SOIL; HYPHAE; GRASSLAND AB Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can perform key roles in ecosystem functioning through improving host nutrient acquisition. Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plant growth, however, anthropogenic N loading (e.g. crop fertilization and deposition from combustion sources) is increasing so that N now threatens ecosystem sustainability around the world by causing terrestrial and aquatic eutrophication and acidification. It is important to better understand the capacity of AMF to directly uptake N from soils and transfer it to host plants because this process may increase N recycling and retention within ecosystems. In addition to understanding the role of AMF in the N cycle in the present day it is important to understand how AMF function may change as global change proceeds. Currently the net effects of N enrichment and elevated temperature predicted with global change on AMF are unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of N enrichment by simulated N-deposition loading, elevated temperatures expected by future global changes and their interactions on growth and AMF-mediated N acquisition of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum var. Alamo), an important species for biofuel production. Switchgrass plants were grown in microcosm units that divided mycorrhizal roots from AMF hyphae and organic residues enriched with 15N by compartments separated by an air gap to reduce N diffusion. While AMF did not enhance switchgrass biomass, mycorrhizas significantly increased 15N in shoots and total shoot N. Neither N enrichment nor elevated temperatures influenced this mycorrhizal-mediated N uptake and transfer. Results from this study can aid in developing sustainable bioethanol and switchgrass production practices that are less reliant on synthetic fertilizers and more dependent on internal N recycling from AMF. C1 [Schroeder-Moreno, Michelle S.; Wang, Shuxin; Rufty, Thomas W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Greaver, Tara L.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Durham, NC 27707 USA. [Hu, Shujin] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Schroeder-Moreno, MS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM michelle_schroeder@ncsu.edu FU National Center for Environmental (NCEA) of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through the NCSU Undergraduate Research Center; NCSU FX This study was supported by a contract from the National Center for Environmental (NCEA) of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and funds received by S. Wang through the NCSU Undergraduate Research Center. We gratefully acknowledge D. Watson for her assistance with all aspects of the study and thank J. Thomas, C. Saravitz, and J. Shurtleff at the NCSU phytotron facility for their support. Thanks are also extended to M. Jeannette in the Department of Crop Science and C. Osborne in the Biogeochemistry Analytical Service Laboratory in the Department of Marine, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences at NCSU for their help with N analyses. We are additionally thankful for the comments from the two anonymous reviewers. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 104 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1757-1693 EI 1757-1707 J9 GCB BIOENERGY JI GCB Bioenergy PD MAY PY 2012 VL 4 IS 3 BP 266 EP 276 DI 10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01128.x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 920IN UT WOS:000302397700004 ER PT J AU Calfee, MW Ryan, SP Wood, JP Mickelsen, L Kempter, C Miller, L Colby, M Touati, A Clayton, M Griffin-Gatchalian, N McDonald, S Delafield, R AF Calfee, M. W. Ryan, S. P. Wood, J. P. Mickelsen, L. Kempter, C. Miller, L. Colby, M. Touati, A. Clayton, M. Griffin-Gatchalian, N. McDonald, S. Delafield, R. TI Laboratory evaluation of large-scale decontamination approaches SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; biological agent; decontamination; facility remediation; foreign animal disease; spore; sporicide; wide-area incident ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS SPORES; NONPOROUS SURFACES; QUANTITATIVE PCR; INACTIVATION; DISINFECTANTS; HYPOCHLORITE; STRATEGIES; COLLECTION; RESISTANCE; EFFICACY AB Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of two spray-based decontamination methods for surface contamination reduction and to determine the potential for contamination spread by these methods. Methods and Results: Material coupons (treated plywood and concrete) were contaminated with c. 1 x 10(7) spores of Bacillus atrophaeus by aerosol deposition. Decontaminants (pH-adjusted bleach or Spor-Klenz (R) RTU) were applied to coupons by either backpack sprayer or gas-powered sprayer. Contact time, reapplication frequency and rinse method were also varied. In addition to surface removal efficacy, partitioning of contamination between the rinsate and aerosol fractions was determined. Results indicated that pH-adjusted bleach was effective (6 logs reduction) when two applications and a 30 min contact time were administered, regardless of the decontaminant application method or material. Spor-Klenz (R) RTU was effective on wood, but achieved <= 3 logs reduction on concrete. A shortened application procedure with pH-adjusted bleach resulted in lower efficacy on wood, and a greater apparent potential for contamination spread. Conclusions: Consideration of material surface type is important when selecting a decontaminant. Also, achieving conditions that effectively inactivate surface biological contamination are critical to preventing the spread of contamination. Significance and Impact of the Study: Results presented here are intended to help development of remediation plans following a biological contamination incident. C1 [Calfee, M. W.; Ryan, S. P.; Wood, J. P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mickelsen, L.] US EPA, Off Emergency Management, Natl Decontaminat Team, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kempter, C.] US EPA, Off Chem Safety & Pollut Prevent, Arlington, VA USA. [Miller, L.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Riverdale, MD USA. [Colby, M.] US Dept Homeland Secur, Sci & Technol Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Touati, A.; Clayton, M.; Griffin-Gatchalian, N.; McDonald, S.; Delafield, R.] Arcadis Geraghty & Miller Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Calfee, MW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, MD E343-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM calfee.worth@epa.gov OI Wood, Joseph/0000-0001-6316-9418 FU Interagency with the Science and Technology Directorate of the US Department of Homeland Security [HSHQDC-10-X-00148] FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development directed the research described herein under EP-C-09-027 with ARCADIS Inc. This project was funded through an Interagency with the Science and Technology Directorate of the US Department of Homeland Security under Award Number HSHQDC-10-X-00148. This manuscript has been subject to an administrative review but does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. No official endorsement should be inferred. EPA does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 112 IS 5 BP 874 EP 882 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05259.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 923IJ UT WOS:000302612700004 PM 22332972 ER PT J AU Hobbie, EA Sanchez, FS Rygiewicz, PT AF Hobbie, Erik A. Sanchez, Fernando S. Rygiewicz, Paul T. TI Controls of isotopic patterns in saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Organic nitrogen use; Sporocarps; Protein; Chitin; Nitrogen isotopes; Carbon isotopes; Coniferous forests ID NATURAL N-15 ABUNDANCE; CULTIVATED MUSHROOMS; PLEUROTUS-OSTREATUS; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; EXPLORATION TYPES; SOIL PROFILES; FRUIT BODIES; C-13 CONTENT; CARBON AB Isotopes of nitrogen (delta N-15) and carbon (delta C-13) in ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi contain important information about ecological functioning, but the complexity of physiological and ecosystem processes contributing to fungal carbon and nitrogen dynamics has limited our ability to explain differences across taxa. Here, we measured delta N-15 and delta C-13 in needles, litter, soil, wood, fungal caps, and fungal stipes at numerous forested sites in Oregon, USA to determine how functional attributes and biochemical processes may influence isotopic values. Ectomycorrhizal fungi were classified by hydrophobicity of ectomycorrhizae and by patterns of hyphal exploration: saprotrophic fungi were classified into wood decay and litter decay fungi. For delta N-15, caps of hydrophobic taxa averaged 8.6 parts per thousand, hydrophilic taxa 3.2 parts per thousand and saprotrophic taxa 0.5 parts per thousand, whereas needles averaged 3 parts per thousand and soil at 5-12 cm averaged 2 parts per thousand. Caps were higher in delta N-15, delta C-13, %N, and %C than stipes by 1.7 parts per thousand, 0.6 parts per thousand 1.75%, and 2.61%, respectively, presumably because of greater protein content in caps than stipes. Isotopic enrichment of caps relative to stipes was greater in hydrophobic taxa (3.1 parts per thousand for N-15 and 0.8 parts per thousand, for C-13) than in hydrophilic taxa (1.1 parts per thousand for N-15 and 0.5 parts per thousand for C-13). In multiple regressions, 45% of variance in delta N-15(cap-stipe) and 30% of variance in delta C-13(cap-stipe) was accounted for by various elemental, isotopic, and categorical variables. We estimated that fungal protein was enriched in N-15 relative to fungal chitin by 15 parts per thousand in hydrophobic taxa and by 7 parts per thousand in hydrophilic taxa. Fungal protein was enriched in C-13 by 4.2 +/- 0.5 parts per thousand relative to carbohydrates. Isotopic signatures of sources and isotopic fractionation during metabolic processing influence both isotopic patterns of sporocarps and the isotopic partitioning between caps and stipes; functional groups differed in processing of both nitrogen isotopes and carbon isotopes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hobbie, Erik A.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sanchez, Fernando S.; Rygiewicz, Paul T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hobbie, EA (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM erik.hobbie@unh.edu FU US Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. NSF Division of Environmental Biology; Scientist Committee of NATO; Harvard University FX We thank John Hobbie, Luke Nave, Andy Ouimette, Don Phillips, Stephen Trudell, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on prior versions. The US Environmental Protection Agency partially funded this research, which has been reviewed and approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This work was also supported by two grants from the U.S. NSF Division of Environmental Biology, by a research fellowship to F.S. by the Scientist Committee of NATO, and by a Bullard Fellowship to E.H. from Harvard University. NR 57 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 70 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 48 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.014 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 921AA UT WOS:000302449200008 ER PT J AU Colford, JM Schiff, KC Griffith, JF Yau, V Arnold, BF Wright, CC Gruber, JS Wade, TJ Burns, S Hayes, J McGee, C Gold, M Cao, YP Noble, RT Haugland, R Weisberg, SB AF Colford, John M., Jr. Schiff, Kenneth C. Griffith, John F. Yau, Vince Arnold, Benjamin F. Wright, Catherine C. Gruber, Joshua S. Wade, Timothy J. Burns, Susan Hayes, Jacqueline McGee, Charles Gold, Mark Cao, Yiping Noble, Rachel T. Haugland, Richard Weisberg, Stephen B. TI Using rapid indicators for Enterococcus to assess the risk of illness after exposure to urban runoff contaminated marine water SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gastrointestinal illness; Recreational water quality; Diarrhea; Indicator organisms; qPCR ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; SUNLIGHT INACTIVATION; RECREATIONAL BEACHES; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; QUANTITATIVE PCR; OCEAN WATER; FRESH-WATER; SURF ZONE; QUALITY AB Background: Traditional fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) measurement is too slow (>18 h) for timely swimmer warnings. Objectives: Assess relationship of rapid indicator methods (qPCR) to illness at a marine-beach impacted by urban runoff. Methods: We measured baseline and two-week health in 9525 individuals visiting Doheny Beach 2007-08. Illness rates were compared (swimmers vs. non-swimmers). FIB measured by traditional (Enterococcus spp. by EPA Method 1600 or Enterolert (TM), fecal coliforms, total coliforms) and three rapid qPCR assays for Enterococcus spp. (Taqman, Scorpion-1, Scorpion-2) were compared to health. Primary bacterial source was a creek flowing untreated into ocean; the creek did not reach the ocean when a sand berm formed. This provided a natural experiment for examining FIB-health relationships under varying conditions. Results: We observed significant increases in diarrhea (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.29-2.80 for swallowing water) and other outcomes in swimmers compared to non-swimmers. Exposure (body immersion, head immersion, swallowed water) was associated with increasing risk of gastrointestinal illness (GI). Daily GI incidence patterns were different: swimmers (2-day peak) and non-swimmers (no peak). With berm-open, we observed associations between GI and Traditional and rapid methods for Enterococcus; fewer associations occurred when berm status was not considered. Conclusions: We found increased risk of GI at this urban runoff beach. When FIB source flowed freely (berm-open), several traditional and rapid indicators were related to illness. When FIB source was weak (berm-closed) fewer illness associations were seen. These different relationships under different conditions at a single beach demonstrate the difficulties using these indicators to predict health risk. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Colford, John M., Jr.; Yau, Vince; Arnold, Benjamin F.; Wright, Catherine C.; Gruber, Joshua S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schiff, Kenneth C.; Griffith, John F.; Cao, Yiping; Weisberg, Stephen B.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Wade, Timothy J.] US EPA, Natl Environm Hlth Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27711 USA. [Burns, Susan; Hayes, Jacqueline] Univ Calif Berkeley, Survey Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McGee, Charles] Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Fountain Valley, CA 92708 USA. [Gold, Mark] Heal Bay, Santa Monica, CA 90401 USA. [Noble, Rachel T.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Haugland, Richard] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Colford, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 101 Haviland,MC 7358, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcolford@berkeley.edu RI Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008; Griffith, John/B-6110-2011 OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425; Griffith, John/0000-0002-9542-6519 FU National Institute of Health [R01-ES013515]; California State Water Resources Control Board; US Environmental Protection Agency; City of Dana Point FX Partial funding was provided by the National Institute of Health (R01-ES013515), the California State Water Resources Control Board, the US Environmental Protection Agency, and the City of Dana Point. NR 38 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 7 BP 2176 EP 2186 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.033 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 923UL UT WOS:000302645300015 PM 22356828 ER PT J AU Jones, EH Su, CM AF Jones, Edward H. Su, Chunming TI Fate and transport of elemental copper (Cu-0) nanoparticles through saturated porous media in the presence of organic materials SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CuO nanoparticles; Fate and transport; Natural Organic Matter; Colloid Filtration Theory ID MODIFIED FE-0 NANOPARTICLES; COLLOID FILTRATION THEORY; PARTICLE-SIZE; IONIC-STRENGTH; SAND COLUMNS; DEPOSITION; MATTER; AGGREGATION; FULLERENE; MECHANISMS AB Column experiments were performed to assess the fate and transport of nanoscale elemental copper (Cu-0) particles in saturated quartz sands. Both effluent concentrations and retention profiles were measured over a broad range of physicochemical conditions, which included pH, ionic strength, the presence of natural organic matter (humic and fulvic acids) and an organic buffer (Trizma). At neutral pHs, Cu-0 nanoparticles were positively charged and essentially immobile in porous media. The presence of natural organic matter, trizma buffer, and high pH decreased the attachment efficiency facilitating elemental copper transport through sand columns. Experimental results suggested the presence of both favourable and unfavourable nanoparticle interactions causes significant deviation from classical colloid filtration theory. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jones, Edward H.] US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev,Natl Res Council Resident Res Assoc, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Jones, EH (reprint author), US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev,Natl Res Council Resident Res Assoc, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM edwdjones@hotmail.com FU National Research Council; National Nanotechnology Initiative through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Resident Research Associateship Award at the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Centre, US EPA, Ada, OK. Laboratory sample digestion analysis was undertaken on-site by Shaw Environmental, Inc. The work upon which this paper is based was supported by the National Nanotechnology Initiative through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This work was not subjected to agency review and, therefore, doesn't necessarily reflect the views of the agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. Any product or trade name mentioned here is for information purposes only and not to constitute endorsement. We wish to thank Bridget Toews for her help with the column experiments. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 78 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 7 BP 2445 EP 2456 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.02.022 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 923UL UT WOS:000302645300041 PM 22386886 ER PT J AU Varma, RS AF Varma, Rajender S. TI Greener approach to nanomaterials and their sustainable applications SO CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The integration of 'Green Chemistry' principles into the rapidly evolving field of nanoscience is a necessity for the risk reduction. Several 'greener' pathways have been developed to generate nanoparticles in the matrix in which they are to be used thus reducing the exposure risk during handling. The use of naturally occurring biodegradable materials, such as vitamins, sugars, tea or polyphenol-rich agricultural residues, which serve as reducing and capping agents, is demonstrated and may help assist in designing nanomaterials with reduced toxicity. The sustainable use of such green-synthesized nanoparticles in environmental remediation applications and the utility of recyclable magnetic nanoparticles to accomplish nano-catalysis in benign media are highlighted. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 39 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2211-3398 J9 CURR OPIN CHEM ENG JI Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 1 IS 2 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.coche.2011.12.002 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA V39RS UT WOS:000209428700006 ER PT J AU Brooks, JR Wigington, PJ Phillips, DL Comeleo, R Coulombe, R AF Brooks, J. Renee Wigington, Parker J., Jr. Phillips, Donald L. Comeleo, Randy Coulombe, Rob TI Willamette River Basin surface water isoscape (delta O-18 and delta H-2): temporal changes of source water within the river SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE delta O-18; delta H-2; elevation gradient; Isoscapes Special Feature; mixing model; source water; stable isotopes; streamflow; western Oregon, USA ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; UNITED-STATES; METEORIC PRECIPITATION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; HYPORHEIC FLOW; CLIMATE; OREGON; HYDROLOGY; SYSTEM; CANADA AB Determining how water sources for rivers vary over time can greatly enhance our understanding and management of land use and climate change impacts on rivers. Because the stable isotope composition of precipitation can vary geographically, variation in the stable isotope composition of river water may be able to identify source water dynamics. We monitored the stable isotope values (delta O-18 and delta H-2) of river and stream water within the southern Willamette River Basin in western Oregon over two years. Within this basin, eighty-four percent of the isotopic variation in small tributary streams was explained by the mean elevation of the catchments, whereas seasonal variation was minimal. However, water within the Willamette River had distinct isotopic seasonal patterns that likely occurred because of changes in the mean elevation of source water for the river. River isotopic values were lowest during summer low flow and highest during February/March when snow accumulated in the mountains. We estimated that the mean elevation of the source water for the Willamette River shifted over 700 m, seasonally. During winter when rain occurred in the valley and snow accumulated in the mountains, the river reflected a mixture of low mountains and valley bottom precipitation. During the dry Mediterranean summer, 60-80% of the river water came from the snow zone above 1200 m, which is only 12% of the land area and accounts for 15.6% of the annual precipitation within the Willamette Basin. This high elevation area contains the High Cascades geological region with highly permeable bedrock that sustains late-summer baseflow compared to the Western Cascades with low permeable bedrock. Reliance on high-elevation water during summer low flow highlights the vulnerability of this system to influences of a warming climate, where snowpacks in the Cascade Mountains are predicted to decrease in the future. C1 [Brooks, J. Renee; Wigington, Parker J., Jr.; Phillips, Donald L.; Comeleo, Randy] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Brooks, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Brooks.ReneeJ@epa.gov OI Brooks, Renee/0000-0002-5008-9774 FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX This work was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency. This manuscript has been subjected to the Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. We would like to thank Blake Hatteberg, Gail Heine, and Lindsey Webb for help collecting samples. This work would not have been possible without dedicated work of Kent Rodecap and William Rugh for the analysis of water isotopes. John Van Sickle provided statistical advice on the regression models. We also thank Carol Kendall and Hank Johnson from the USGS for early discussions leading to this work, and for interest in continued monitoring of the Willamette River. Earlier versions of this manuscript were reviewed by Gordon Grant, Len Wassenaar, and Robert Ozretich. NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAY PY 2012 VL 3 IS 5 AR UNSP 39 DI 10.1890/ES11-00338.1 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256HY UT WOS:000327301600004 ER PT J AU Zheng, XF Hu, G AF Zheng, Xiaofeng Hu, Guang TI Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Stem Cell Biology; Issue 63; Molecular Biology; Genetics; Embryonic stem cell; ESC; self-renewal; differentiation; Oct4; GFP; reporter assay; RNAi AB Pluripotency and self-renewal are two defining characteristics of embryonic stem cells (ES cells). Understanding the underlying molecular mechanism will greatly facilitate the use of ES cells for developmental biology studies, disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine (reviewed in(1,2)). To expedite the identification and characterization of novel regulators of ES cell maintenance and self-renewal, we developed a fluorescence reporter-based assay to quantitatively measure the self-renewal status in mouse ES cells using the Oct4GiP cells(3). The Oct4GiP cells express the green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the Oct4 gene promoter region(4,5). Oct4 is required for ES cell self-renewal, and is highly expressed in ES cells and quickly down-regulated during differentiation(6,7). As a result, GFP expression and fluorescence in the reporter cells correlates faithfully with the ES cell identity(5), and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis can be used to closely monitor the self-renewal status of the cells at the single cell level(3,8). Coupled with RNAi, the Oct4GiP reporter assay can be used to quickly identify and study regulators of ES cell maintenance and self-renewal(3,8). Compared to other methods for assaying self-renewal, it is more convenient, sensitive, quantitative, and of lower cost. It can be carried out in 96-or 384-well plates for large-scale studies such as high-throughput screens or genetic epistasis analysis. Finally, by using other lineage-specific reporter ES cell lines, the assay we describe here can also be modified to study fate specification during ES cell differentiation. C1 [Zheng, Xiaofeng; Hu, Guang] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hu, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM hug4@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program [Z01ES102745] FX We thank Brad Lackford for reading and editing the manuscript. This research was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program Z01ES102745 (to G. H.). NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD MAY PY 2012 IS 63 AR UNSP e3987 DI 10.3791/3987 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V36PH UT WOS:000209223000043 ER PT J AU Frost, GJ Falke, SR Granier, C Keating, T Lamarque, JF Melamed, ML Middleton, P Petron, G Smith, SJ AF Frost, Gregory J. Falke, Stefan R. Granier, Claire Keating, Terry Lamarque, Jean-Francois Melamed, Megan L. Middleton, Paulette Petron, Gabrielle Smith, Steven J. TI New Directions: Toward a community emissions approach SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE Emissions; Science-policy; Air quality; Climate; Community approach ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ROAD C1 [Frost, Gregory J.; Granier, Claire; Petron, Gabrielle] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Frost, Gregory J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci CU CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Falke, Stefan R.] Northrop Grumman, Arlington, VA USA. [Granier, Claire] Univ Paris 06, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Keating, Terry] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Melamed, Megan L.] Univ Washington, IGAC Int Project Off, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Middleton, Paulette] Panorama Pathways, Boulder, CO USA. [Granier, Claire; Petron, Gabrielle] CU CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. [Smith, Steven J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Smith, Steven J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Frost, GJ (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM gregory.j.frost@noaa.gov; stefan.falke@ngc.com; claire.granier@noaa.gov; keating.terry@epa.gov; lamar@ucar.edu; megan@igacproject.org; paulette@panoramapathways.net; gabrielle.petron@noaa.gov; ssmith@pnl.gov RI Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 51 BP 333 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.055 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 921WK UT WOS:000302508600037 ER PT J AU Upadhyayula, VKK Meyer, DE Curran, MA Gonzalez, MA AF Upadhyayula, Venkata K. K. Meyer, David E. Curran, Mary Ann Gonzalez, Michael A. TI Life cycle assessment as a tool to enhance the environmental performance of carbon nanotube products: a review SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Review DE Carbon nanotubes technologies; Life cycle assessment; Environmental impact; Sustainability; CNT nanoproducts ID LARGE-SCALE SYNTHESIS; MASS-PRODUCTION; DRUG-DELIVERY; CVD SYNTHESIS; HIGH-PURITY; TOXICITY; COMPOSITES; GROWTH; NANOPRODUCTS; PURIFICATION AB The importance of evaluating the environmental performance of emerging carbon nanotube (CNT) products from a life cycle perspective is emphasized in this work. Design, development and deployment of CNT products offer many potential benefits to society, but not without negative impacts on public health and the environment. Cradle-to-grave life cycle assessments (LCAs) of CNT products should be performed to ensure that the negative impacts of these products do not transcend the benefits offered by them. Although the application of LCA to CNT products is still emerging, the review conducted by the authors of existing studies suggests that the manufacturing stage in a CNT product life cycle can dominate the environmental impacts, largely as a result of the energy-intensive processes involved in the production of both the CNTs themselves as well as subsequent consumer products. Furthermore this work highlights several key challenges currently encountered with the application of LCA to CNT products, including a lack of data availability and uncertainties associated with estimation of certain impact characterization factors (due to qualitative nature of CNTs). Finally, improving the environmental performance of CNT products using LCA will involve a collaborative effort early in the design process between technology developers and LCA practitioners. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Meyer, David E.; Curran, Mary Ann; Gonzalez, Michael A.] US EPA, Syst Anal Branch, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Upadhyayula, Venkata K. K.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ ORISE, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Upadhyayula, VKK (reprint author), US EPA, Syst Anal Branch, NRMRL, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Upadhyayula.Venkata@epa.gov RI Upadhyayula, Venkata Krishna/E-7549-2012; OI Curran, Mary Ann/0000-0001-8565-9928 FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development; National Risk Management Research Laboratory; U. S. Department of Energy [DW-89-92298301-0]; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency [DW-89-92298301-0] FX The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded the research described here. It has not been subjected to Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. This research was supported in part by an appointment of Venkata K.K. Upadhyayula in the Post-doctoral Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through Interagency Agreement No. DW-89-92298301-0 between the U. S. Department of Energy and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 86 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 26 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.12.018 PG 11 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902BQ UT WOS:000301014000005 ER PT J AU Di, XD Andrews, DMK Tucker, CJ Yu, LD Moore, AB Zheng, XL Castro, L Hermon, T Xiao, H Dixon, D AF Di, Xudong Andrews, Danica M. K. Tucker, Charles J. Yu, Linda Moore, Alicia B. Zheng, Xiaolin Castro, Lysandra Hermon, Tonia Xiao, Hang Dixon, Darlene TI A high concentration of genistein down-regulates activin A, Smad3 and other TGF-beta pathway genes in human uterine leiomyoma cells SO EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE activin A; genistein; leiomyoma; myometrium; oligonucleotide array sequence analysis; Smad3 protein; transforming growth factor beta ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; HORMONE ANALOG THERAPY; IN-VITRO; EXPRESSION; PROLIFERATION; MICROARRAY; METASTASIS; INHIBITION; FIBROIDS AB Previously, we found that high doses of genistein show an inhibitory effect on uterine leiomyoma (UtLM) cell proliferation. In this study, using microarray analysis and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (TM), we identified genes (up- or down-regulated, >= 1.5 fold, P <= 0.001), functions and signaling pathways that were altered following treatment with an inhibitory concentration of genistein (50 mu g/ml) in UtLM cells. Downregulation of TGF-beta signaling pathway genes, activin A, activin B, Smad3, TGF-beta 2 and genes related to cell cycle regulation, with the exception of the upregulation of the CDK inhibitor P15, were identified and validated by real-time RT-PCR studies. Western blot analysis further demonstrated decreased protein expression of activin A and Smad3 in genistein-treated UtLM cells. Moreover, we found that activin A stimulated the growth of UtLM cells, and the inhibitory effect of genistein was partially abrogated in the presence of activin A. Overexpression of activin A and Smad3 were found in tissue samples of leiomyoma compared to matched myometrium, supporting the contribution of activin A and Smad3 in promoting the growth of UtLM cells. Taken together, these results suggest that downregulation of activin A and Smad3, both members of the TGF-beta pathway, may offer a mechanistic explanation for the inhibitory effect of a high-dose of genistein on UtLM cells, and might be potential therapeutic targets for treatment of clinical cases of uterine leiomyomas. C1 [Di, Xudong; Yu, Linda; Moore, Alicia B.; Zheng, Xiaolin; Castro, Lysandra; Hermon, Tonia; Dixon, Darlene] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Pathogenesis Grp, Natl Toxicol Program NTP, Labs Branch,NTP,NIH,DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Andrews, Danica M. K.; Tucker, Charles J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Microarray Grp, Mol Toxicol Lab, NIH,DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Di, Xudong] Bur Hlth, Changzhou 213159, Peoples R China. [Xiao, Hang] Nanjing Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Toxicol, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Dixon, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Pathogenesis Grp, Natl Toxicol Program NTP, Labs Branch,NTP,NIH,DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dixon@niehs.nih.gov FU National Toxicology Program (NTP); NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) FX The authors would like to thank Ms. Maria Sifre for her expert assistance with the flow cytometry studies and acknowledge the editorial assistance of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Fellows Editorial Board. This research was supported by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). This article may be the work product of an employee or group of employees of the NIEHS, NTP, NIH, however, the statements, opinions or conclusions contained therein do not necessarily represent the statements, opinions or conclusions of NIEHS, NTP, NIH or the United States government. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU KOREAN SOC MED BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PI SEOUL PA #812 KOFST, 635-4 YOKSAM-DONG KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-3613 J9 EXP MOL MED JI Exp. Mol. Med. PD APR 30 PY 2012 VL 44 IS 4 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.3858/emm.2012.44.4.024 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 936UZ UT WOS:000303616800004 PM 22228119 ER PT J AU Zanou, N Schakman, O Louis, P Ruegg, UT Dietrich, A Birnbaumer, L Gailly, P AF Zanou, Nadege Schakman, Olivier Louis, Pierre Ruegg, Urs T. Dietrich, Alexander Birnbaumer, Lutz Gailly, Philippe TI Trpc1 Ion Channel Modulates Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway during Myoblast Differentiation and Muscle Regeneration SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; CELL-CYCLE ARREST; HELIX-LOOP-HELIX; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MYOGENIN EXPRESSION; MYOCYTE MATURATION; MOUSE EMBRYO; IGF-I; MYOD; ACTIVATION AB We previously showed in vitro that calcium entry through Trpc1 ion channels regulates myoblast migration and differentiation. In the present work, we used primary cell cultures and isolated muscles from Trpc1(-/-) and Trpc1(+/+) murine model to investigate the role of Trpc1 in myoblast differentiation and in muscle regeneration. In these models, we studied regeneration consecutive to cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury and observed a significant hypotrophy and a delayed regeneration in Trpc1(-/-) muscles consisting in smaller fiber size and increased proportion of centrally nucleated fibers. This was accompanied by a decreased expression of myogenic factors such as MyoD, Myf5, and myogenin and of one of their targets, the developmental MHC (MHCd). Consequently, muscle tension was systematically lower in muscles from Trpc1(-/-) mice. Importantly, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway, which plays a crucial role in muscle growth and regeneration, was down-regulated in regenerating Trpc1(-/-) muscles. Indeed, phosphorylation of both Akt and p70S6K proteins was decreased as well as the activation of PI3K, the main upstream regulator of the Akt. This effect was independent of insulin-like growth factor expression. Akt phosphorylation also was reduced in Trpc1(-/-) primary myoblasts and in control myoblasts differentiated in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ or pretreated with EGTA-AM or wortmannin, suggesting that the entry of Ca2+ through Trpc1 channels enhanced the activity of PI3K. Our results emphasize the involvement of Trpc1 channels in skeletal muscle development in vitro and in vivo, and identify a Ca2+-dependent activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway during myoblast differentiation and muscle regeneration. C1 [Zanou, Nadege; Schakman, Olivier; Louis, Pierre; Gailly, Philippe] Catholic Univ Louvain, Lab Cell Physiol, Inst Neurosci, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. [Ruegg, Urs T.] Univ Geneva, Geneva Lausanne Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Pharmacol Lab, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Dietrich, Alexander] Univ Munich, Walther Straub Inst Pharmakol & Toxikol, D-80336 Munich, Germany. [Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Zanou, N (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Lab Cell Physiol, Inst Neurosci, 55-40 Av Hippocrate, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. EM nadege.zanou@uclouvain.be; philippe.gailly@uclouvain.be RI Dietrich, Alexander/G-8619-2013; OI Dietrich, Alexander/0000-0002-1168-8707; RUEGG, Urs/0000-0001-6078-8280 FU National Institutes of Health [Z01-101684]; Association francaise contre les myopathies; Association Belge contre les Maladies Neuro-musculaires; General Direction of Scientific Research of the French Community of Belgium [ARC 10/15-029] FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health Z01-101684 (to L. B.). This work was also supported by the "Association francaise contre les myopathies", the "Association Belge contre les Maladies Neuro-musculaires", by Grant ARC 10/15-029 from the General Direction of Scientific Research of the French Community of Belgium. NR 50 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 27 PY 2012 VL 287 IS 18 BP 14524 EP 14534 DI 10.1074/jbc.M112.341784 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 941XU UT WOS:000304003200019 PM 22399301 ER PT J AU White, D Rashleigh, B AF White, Denis Rashleigh, Brenda TI Effects of stream topology on ecological community results from neutral models SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Neutral model; Topology; Species richness; Metacommunity; Stream network ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; NETWORK TOPOLOGY; DISPERSAL; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATION; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; NICHE AB While neutral theory and models have stimulated considerable literature, less well investigated is the effect of topology on neutral metacommunity model simulations. We implemented a neutral metacommunity model using two different stream network topologies, a widely branched network (wide tree) and a narrowly branched network (high tree), both represented as binary trees. The wide tree had fewer exceedances of carrying capacity, higher final number of individuals per community, and greater community (alpha) diversity than the high tree. The difference in diversity increased with increasing dispersal rate. We infer that the greater connectivity of the wide tree facilitated more even spatial dispersal, which limited carrying capacity exceedances and associated random deletions, which, in turn, resulted in higher diversity. Effects specifically due to topology should be considered in analyses of community patterns for mobile aquatic species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rashleigh, Brenda] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [White, Denis] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rashleigh, B (reprint author), US EPA, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM whitede@onid.orst.edu; rashleigh.brenda@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Dan McGarvey and two anonymous reviewers of an earlier draft for their helpful reviews. The late Raymond J. O'Connor provided the initial inspiration (to DW) for studying neutral models. His wisdom and fertile imagination are missed. The research described in this article has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR 24 PY 2012 VL 231 BP 20 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.01.022 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 929QT UT WOS:000303081300003 ER PT J AU Leij, FJ Toride, N Field, MS Sciortino, A AF Leij, Feike J. Toride, Nobuo Field, Malcolm S. Sciortino, Antonella TI Solute transport in dual-permeability porous media SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION; DIFFUSION; MOVEMENT; MODELS; SOIL AB A dual-advection dispersion equation (DADE) is presented and solved to describe solute transport in structured or layered porous media with different nonzero flow rates in two distinct pore domains with linear solute transfer between them. This dual-permeability model constitutes a generalized version of the advection-dispersion equation (ADE) for transport in uniform porous media and the mobile-immobile model (MIM) for transport in media with a mobile and an immobile pore domain. Analytical tools for the DADE have mostly been lacking. An analytical solution has therefore been derived using Laplace transformation with time and modal decomposition based on matrix diagonalization, assuming the same dispersivity for both domains. Temporal moments are derived for the DADE and contrasted with those for the ADE and the MIM. The effective dispersion coefficient for the DADE approaches that of the ADE for a similar velocity in both pore domains and large values for the first-order transfer parameter, and approaches that of the MIM for the opposite conditions. The solution of the DADE is used to illustrate how differences in pore water velocity between the domains and low transfer rates will lead to double peaks in the volume-or flux-averaged concentration profiles versus time or position. The DADE is applied to optimize experimental breakthrough curves for an Andisol with a distinct intra- and interaggregate porosity. The DADE improved the description of the breakthrough data compared to the ADE and the MIM. C1 [Leij, Feike J.; Sciortino, Antonella] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Civil Engn & Construct Engn Management, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Toride, Nobuo] Mie Univ, Fac Bioresources, Lab Soil Phys & Hydrol, Tsu, Mie 5148507, Japan. [Field, Malcolm S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Leij, FJ (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Civil Engn & Construct Engn Management, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM feike.leij@csulb.edu OI Field, Malcolm/0000-0002-8350-417X NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 19 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W04523 DI 10.1029/2011WR011502 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 930GF UT WOS:000303125000003 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JJ Shuster, WD Rebholz, JA AF Beaulieu, Jake J. Shuster, William D. Rebholz, Jacob A. TI Controls on gas transfer velocities in a large river SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TIDAL HUDSON RIVER; ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FRESH-WATER; SHIP WAKES; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; SURFACE TURBULENCE; AMAZONIAN RIVERS; EXCHANGE RATES; NATURAL-WATERS AB The emission of biogenic gases from large rivers can be an important component of regional greenhouse gas budgets. However, emission rate estimates are often poorly constrained due to uncertainties in the air-water gas exchange rate. We used the floating chamber method to estimate the gas transfer velocity (k) of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the Markland Pool of the Ohio River, a large tributary of the Mississippi River (U.S.A). We measured k every two weeks for a year at one site and at 15 additional sites distributed across the length of the pool during two summer surveys. We found that k was positively related to both water currents and wind speeds, with 46% of the gas transfer attributable to water currents at low wind speeds (e. g., 0.5 m s(-1)) and 11% at higher wind speeds (e. g., >2.0 m s(-1)). Gas transfer velocity was highly sensitive to wind, possibly because the direction of river flow was often directly opposed to the wind direction. Gas transfer velocity values derived for CH4 were consistently greater than those derived for CO2 when standardized to a Schmidt number of 600 (k(600)), possibly because the transfer of CH4, a poorly soluble gas, was enhanced by surfacing microbubbles. Additional research to determine the conditions that support microbubble enhanced gas transfer is merited. C1 [Beaulieu, Jake J.; Shuster, William D.; Rebholz, Jacob A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Beaulieu, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 419, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM beaulieu.jake@epa.gov NR 70 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 52 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD APR 18 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G02007 DI 10.1029/2011JG001794 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 930EU UT WOS:000303121100001 ER PT J AU Ault, AP Peters, TM Sawvel, EJ Casuccio, GS Willis, RD Norris, GA Grassian, VH AF Ault, Andrew P. Peters, Thomas M. Sawvel, Eric J. Casuccio, Gary S. Willis, Robert D. Norris, Gary A. Grassian, Vicki H. TI Single-Particle SEM-EDX Analysis of Iron-Containing Coarse Particulate Matter in an Urban Environment: Sources and Distribution of Iron within Cleveland, Ohio SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE AEROSOL SAMPLER; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; NORTH-AFRICAN DUST; AIR-POLLUTION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ASIAN DUST; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; TRANSITION-METALS; SOIL-MOISTURE AB The physicochemical properties of coarse-mode, iron-containing particles and their temporal and spatial distributions are poorly understood. Single-particle analysis combining X-ray elemental mapping and computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM-EDX) of passively collected particles was used to investigate the physicochemical properties of iron-containing particles in Cleveland, OH, in summer 2008 (Aug-Sept), summer 2009 (July-Aug), and winter 2010 (Feb-March). The most abundant classes of iron-containing particles were iron oxide fly ash, mineral dust, NaCl-containing agglomerates (likely from road salt), and Ca-S containing agglomerates (likely from slag, a byproduct of steel production, or gypsum in road salt). The mass concentrations of anthropogenic fly ash particles were highest in the Flats region (downtown) and decreased with distance away from this region. The concentrations of fly ash in the Flats region were consistent with interannual changes in steel production. These particles were observed to be highly spherical in the Flats region, but less so after transport away from downtown. This change in morphology may be attributed to atmospheric processing. Overall, this work demonstrates that the method of passive collection with single-particle analysis by electron microscopy is a powerful tool to study spatial and temporal gradients in components of coarse particles. These gradients may correlate with human health effects associated with exposure to coarse-mode particulate matter. C1 [Peters, Thomas M.; Sawvel, Eric J.] Univ Iowa, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Ault, Andrew P.; Grassian, Vicki H.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Casuccio, Gary S.] RJ Lee Grp Inc, Monroeville, PA 15146 USA. [Willis, Robert D.; Norris, Gary A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Peters, TM (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM thomas-m-peters@uiowa.edu; vicki-grassian@uiowa.edu RI Ault, Andrew/E-4594-2011 OI Ault, Andrew/0000-0002-7313-8559 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP09D000463, EP11D000010] FX The authors acknowledge the Central Microscopy Research Facility (CMRF) at the University of Iowa for assistance with microscopy measurements. Thomas Rebotier and David Musicant are acknowledged for useful conversations on clustering algorithms. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under contracts EP09D000463 and EP11D000010 to the University of Iowa. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 65 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 76 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 8 BP 4331 EP 4339 DI 10.1021/es204006k PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 926SB UT WOS:000302850300013 PM 22435663 ER PT J AU Bouchard, D Zhang, W Powell, T Rattanaudompol, US AF Bouchard, Dermont Zhang, Wei Powell, Tremaine Rattanaudompol, U-sa TI Aggregation Kinetics and Transport of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes at Low Surfactant Concentrations SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLLOID FILTRATION THEORY; DODECYL-SULFATE SDS; POROUS-MEDIA; HUMIC-ACID; DEPOSITION; MECHANISMS; DISPERSION; NANOMATERIALS; FLUORESCENCE; SUSPENSIONS AB Little is known about how low levels of surfactants can affect the colloidal stability of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and how surfactant-wrapping of SWNTs can impact ecological exposures in aqueous systems. In this study, SWNTs were suspended in water with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as a surface-active dispersing agent. The effect of SDS concentration on SWNT suspension stability was investigated with time-resolved dynamic light scattering (TRDLS) initial aggregation studies utilizing both monovalent (Na+) and divalent (Ca2+) cations. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) values increased with SDS concentration for the Na+ treatments, but the Ca2+ treatments were less sensitive to SDS concentration changes. Longer term stability studies with SDS concentrations orders of magnitude below the SDS critical micelle concentration demonstrated that SWNTs remained suspended for over six weeks in a surface water. Transport studies in a freshwater sediment similarly showed a SDS concentration-dependent mobility of SDS-wrapped SWNTs in that SWNTs showed a relatively greater retention at lower SDS concentrations (0.001%-0.05% w/v) than at a higher SDS concentration (0.1%). It is hypothesized that the stability and mobility of SWNT suspensions is directly related to the surface coverage of SDS on the SWNT surface that simultaneously increases electrosteric repulsion and decreases surface chemical heterogeneity. Overall, these studies demonstrate that low levels of surfactant are effective in stabilizing and mobilizing SWNTs in environmental media. C1 [Bouchard, Dermont; Powell, Tremaine] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Zhang, Wei] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Bouchard, D (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM bouchard.dermont@epa.gov RI Zhang, Wei/B-4219-2011 OI Zhang, Wei/0000-0002-2937-1732 NR 58 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 119 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 8 BP 4458 EP 4465 DI 10.1021/es204618v PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 926SB UT WOS:000302850300029 PM 22443301 ER PT J AU Shanley, JB Moore, R Smith, RA Miller, EK Simcox, A Kamman, N Nacci, D Robinson, K Johnston, JM Hughes, MM Johnston, C Evers, D Williams, K Graham, J King, S AF Shanley, James B. Moore, Richard Smith, Richard A. Miller, Eric K. Simcox, Alison Kamman, Neil Nacci, Diane Robinson, Keith Johnston, John M. Hughes, Melissa M. Johnston, Craig Evers, David Williams, Kate Graham, John King, Susannah TI MERGANSER: An Empirical Model To Predict Fish and Loon Mercury in New England Lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-HAMPSHIRE LAKES; FRESH-WATER FISH; METHYL-MERCURY; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; NORTHEASTERN USA; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT AB MERGANSER (MERcury Geo-spatial AssessmeNtS for the New England (Region) is an empirical least-squares multiple regression model using mercury (Hg) deposition and readily obtainable lake and watershed features to predict fish (fillet) and common loon (blood) Hg in New England lakes. We modeled lakes larger than 8 ha (4404 lakes), using 3470 fish (12 species) and 253 loon Hg concentrations from 420 lakes. MERGANSER predictor variables included Hg deposition, watershed alkalinity, percent wetlands, percent forest canopy, percent agriculture, drainage area, population density, mean annual air temperature, and watershed slope. The model returns fish or loon Hg for user-entered species and fish length. MERGANSER explained 63% of the variance in fish and loon Hg concentrations. MERGANSER predicted that 32-cm smallmouth bass had a median Hg concentration of 0.53 mu g g(-1) (root-mean-square error 0.27 mu g g(-1)) and exceeded EPA's recommended fish Hg criterion of 0.3 mu g g(-1) in 90% of New England lakes. Common loon had a median Hg concentration of 1.07 mu g g(-1) and was in the moderate or higher risk category of >1 mu g g(-1) Hg in 58% of New England lakes. MERGANSER can be applied to target fish advisories to specific unmonitored lakes, and for scenario evaluation, such as the effect of changes in Hg deposition, land use, or warmer climate on fish and loon mercury. C1 [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Moore, Richard; Robinson, Keith; Johnston, Craig] US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. [Smith, Richard A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Miller, Eric K.] Ecosyst Res Grp Ltd, Norwich, VT 05055 USA. [Simcox, Alison] US EPA Reg I, Boston, MA 02109 USA. [Kamman, Neil] Vermont Dept Environm Conservat, Waterbury, VT 05671 USA. [Nacci, Diane; Hughes, Melissa M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Johnston, John M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Evers, David; Williams, Kate] BioDivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. [Graham, John] NE States Coordinated Air Use Management, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [King, Susannah] New England Interstate Water Pollut Control Commi, Lowell, MA 01852 USA. RP Shanley, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 628, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. EM jshanley@usgs.gov FU EPA through its Advanced Monitoring Initiative and Global Earth Observation System of Systems (AMI/GEOSS) FX The EPA and the USGS gratefully acknowledge project management provided by Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM). We thank Jeri Weiss for her role in project initiation, Kathleen Fahey for project coordination, and Mark Borsuk and Greg Schwartz for useful discussions. Doug Burns, Chris Knightes, and three anonymous reviewers provided thoughtful comments on an earlier version of this paper. The EPA provided funding through its Advanced Monitoring Initiative and Global Earth Observation System of Systems (AMI/GEOSS) grant. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for presentation and publication. Daniel Poleschook, Jr. took the TOC art photo of the trout-eating loon. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 8 BP 4641 EP 4648 DI 10.1021/es300581p PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 926SB UT WOS:000302850300052 PM 22372609 ER PT J AU Valley, CT Porter, DF Qiu, C Campbell, ZT Hall, TMT Wickens, M AF Valley, Cary T. Porter, Douglas F. Qiu, Chen Campbell, Zachary T. Hall, Traci M. Tanaka Wickens, Marvin TI Patterns and plasticity in RNA-protein interactions enable recruitment of multiple proteins through a single site SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE mRNA turnover; RNA regulation; translation; 3 ' UTR elements ID PUMILIO-HOMOLOGY DOMAIN; YEAST 3-HYBRID SYSTEM; ELEGANS PUF PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA; BINDING PROTEIN; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS; WIDE IDENTIFICATION; IN-VIVO; FAMILY AB mRNA control hinges on the specificity and affinity of proteins for their RNA binding sites. Regulatory proteins must bind their own sites and reject even closely related noncognate sites. In the PUF [Pumilio and fem-3 binding factor (FBF)] family of RNA binding proteins, individual proteins discriminate differences in the length and sequence of binding sites, allowing each PUF to bind a distinct battery of mRNAs. Here, we show that despite these differences, the pattern of RNA interactions is conserved among PUF proteins: the two ends of the PUF protein make critical contacts with the two ends of the RNA sites. Despite this conserved "two-handed" pattern of recognition, the RNA sequence is flexible. Among the binding sites of yeast Puf4p, RNA sequence dictates the pattern in which RNA bases are flipped away from the binding surface of the protein. Small differences in RNA sequence allow new modes of control, recruiting Puf5p in addition to Puf4p to a single site. This embedded information adds a new layer of biological meaning to the connections between RNA targets and PUF proteins. C1 [Campbell, Zachary T.; Wickens, Marvin] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Valley, Cary T.] Univ Wisconsin, Grad Program Cellular & Mol Biol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Porter, Douglas F.] Univ Wisconsin, Integrated Program Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Qiu, Chen; Hall, Traci M. Tanaka] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wickens, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM wickens@biochem.wisc.edu FU National Institutes of Health [GM50942, GM095169]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences [5T32GM08349]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX We thank Dr. Lars Pedersen and the staff at the Southeast Regional Collaborative Access Team beamline for help with X-ray data collection and Dr. Vanderploeg for help with figures. Data were collected at Southeast Regional Collaborative Access Team 22-ID beamline at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Supporting institutions may be found at www.ser-cat.org/members.html. This work was supported by Grants GM50942 and GM095169 from the National Institutes of Health (to M. W. and Z.T.C. respectively), by a grant from the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (to T. M. T. H.), and by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences Grant 5T32GM08349 (to D. F. P.). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 50 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 17 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 16 BP 6054 EP 6059 DI 10.1073/pnas.1200521109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 931UZ UT WOS:000303246100036 PM 22467831 ER PT J AU Shannahan, JH Alzate, O Winnik, WM Andrews, D Schladweiler, MC Ghio, AJ Gavett, SH Kodavanti, UP AF Shannahan, Jonathan H. Alzate, Oscar Winnik, Witold M. Andrews, Debora Schladweiler, Mette C. Ghio, Andrew J. Gavett, Stephen H. Kodavanti, Urmila P. TI Acute phase response, inflammation and metabolic syndrome biomarkers of Libby asbestos exposure SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Libby amphibole; Acute phase response; Serum proteomics; Biomarkers ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IRON OVERLOAD; AIR-POLLUTION; RAT MODELS; F344 RATS; PULMONARY AB Identification of biomarkers assists in the diagnosis of disease and the assessment of health risks from environmental exposures. We hypothesized that rats exposed to Libby amphibole (LA) would present with a unique serum proteomic profile which could help elucidate epidemiologically-relevant biomarkers. In four experiments spanning varied protocols and temporality, healthy (Wistar Kyoto, WKY; and F344) and cardiovascular compromised (CVD) rat models (spontaneously hypertensive, SH: and SH heart failure. SHHF) were intratracheally instilled with saline (control) or LA. Serum biomarkers of cancer, inflammation, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the acute phase response (APR) were analyzed. All rat strains exhibited acute increases in alpha-2-macroglobulin, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Among markers of inflammation, lipocalin-2 was induced in WKY, SH and SHHF and osteopontin only in WKY after LA exposure. While rat strain- and age-related changes were apparent in MetS biomarkers, no LA effects were evident. The cancer marker mesothelin was increased only slightly at 1 month in WKY in one of the studies. Quantitative Intact Proteomic profiling of WKY serum at 1 day or 4 weeks after 4 weekly LA instillations indicated no oxidative protein modifications, however APR proteins were significantly increased. Those included serine protease inhibitor, apolipoprotein E, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, t-kininogen 1 and 2, ceruloplasmin, vitamin D binding protein, serum amyloid P, and more 1 day after last LA exposure. All changes were reversible after a short recovery regardless of the acute or long-term exposures. Thus. LA exposure induces an APR and systemic inflammatory biomarkers that could have implications in systemic and pulmonary disease in individuals exposed to LA. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Schladweiler, Mette C.; Gavett, Stephen H.; Kodavanti, Urmila P.] US EPA, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Alzate, Oscar] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Syst Prote Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Winnik, Witold M.; Andrews, Debora] US EPA, Res Core Unit, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Shannahan, Jonathan H.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Kodavanti.Urmila@epa.gov FU EPA/UNC, Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina [CR833237] FX This work was supported in part by the EPA/UNC Toxicology Research Program, Training Agreement CR833237, Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD APR 15 PY 2012 VL 260 IS 2 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2012.02.006 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 926HR UT WOS:000302822400002 PM 22366155 ER PT J AU Murphy, LA Moore, T Nesnow, S AF Murphy, Lynea A. Moore, Tanya Nesnow, Stephen TI Propiconazole-enhanced hepatic cell proliferation is associated with dysregulation of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway leading to activation of Erk1/2 through Ras farnesylation SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Propiconazole; AML12 cells; Cholesterol; Ras; Farnesylation; Liver; Mevalonic acid; Cancer ID TRIAZOLE CONAZOLE FUNGICIDES; INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS; MEVALONATE PATHWAY; MOUSE-LIVER; IN-VIVO; GENE-EXPRESSION; GROWTH; HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; MYCLOBUTANIL; TRIADIMEFON AB Propiconazole is a mouse hepatotumorigenic fungicide designed to inhibit CYP51, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of ergosterol in fungi and is widely used in agriculture to prevent fungal growth. Metabolomic studies in mice revealed that propiconazole increased levels of hepatic cholesterol metabolites and bile acids, and transcriptomic studies revealed that genes within the cholesterol biosynthesis, cholesterol metabolism and bile acid biosyntheses pathways were up-regulated. Hepatic cell proliferation was also increased by propiconazole. AML12 immortalized hepatocytes were used to study propiconazole's effects on cell proliferation focusing on the dysregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis and resulting effects on Ras farnesylation and Erk1/2 activation as a primary pathway. Mevalonate, a key intermediate in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, increases cell proliferation in several cancer cell lines and tumors in vivo and serves as the precursor for isoprenoids (e.g. farnesyl pyrophosphate) which are crucial in the farnesylation of the Ras protein by farnesyl transferase. Farnesylation targets Ras to the cell membrane where it is involved in signal transduction, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In our studies, mevalonic acid lactone (MVAL), a source of mevalonic acid, increased cell proliferation in AML12 cells which was reduced by farnesyl transferase inhibitors (L-744,832 or manumycin) or simvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, indicating that this cell system responded to alterations in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Cell proliferation in AML12 cells was increased by propiconazole which was reversed by co-incubation with L-744,832 or simvastatin. Increasing concentrations of exogenous cholesterol muted the proliferative effects of propiconazole and the inhibitory effects of L-733,832, results ascribed to reduced stimulation of the endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Western blot analysis of subcellular fractions from control, MVAL or propiconazole-treated cells revealed increased Ras protein in the cytoplasmic fraction of L-744,832-treated cells, while propiconazole or MVAL reversed these effects. Western blot analysis indicated that phosphorylation of Erk1/2, a protein downstream of Ras, was increased by propiconazole. These data indicate that propiconazole increases cell proliferation by increasing the levels of cholesterol biosynthesis intermediates presumably through a negative feedback mechanism within the pathway, a result of CYP51 inhibition. This feedback mechanism increases Erk1/2 signaling through mevalonate-mediated Ras activation. These results provide an explanation for the observed effects of propiconazole on hepatic cholesterol pathways and on the increased hepatic cell proliferation induced by propiconazole in mice. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Murphy, Lynea A.; Moore, Tanya; Nesnow, Stephen] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nesnow, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM nesnow.stephen@epa.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD APR 15 PY 2012 VL 260 IS 2 BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2012.02.003 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 926HR UT WOS:000302822400006 PM 22361350 ER PT J AU Chorley, B Thai, SF Jones, C Winkfield, E Moyer, M DeAngelo, A AF Chorley, Brian Thai, Sheau-Fung Jones, Carlton Winkfield, Ernest Moyer, Mary DeAngelo, Anthony TI Testing the carcinogenic potential of water disinfectant byproducts in a human colon mucosal culture system SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chorley, Brian; Thai, Sheau-Fung; Jones, Carlton; Winkfield, Ernest; DeAngelo, Anthony] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Moyer, Mary] Incell Corp, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD APR 15 PY 2012 VL 72 SU 8 MA 744 DI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2012-744 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V43SR UT WOS:000209701601317 ER PT J AU Dewi, FN Wood, CE Lees, CJ Wagner, JD Cline, JM AF Dewi, Fitriya N. Wood, Charles E. Lees, Cynthia J. Wagner, Janice D. Cline, J. Mark TI In-utero, but not pubertal, soy exposure suppresses estrogen-regulated gene expression in non-human primate breast SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dewi, Fitriya N.; Lees, Cynthia J.; Wagner, Janice D.; Cline, J. Mark] Wake Forest Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Wood, Charles E.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD APR 15 PY 2012 VL 72 SU 8 MA 4298 DI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2012-4298 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V43SQ UT WOS:000209701503411 ER PT J AU Kim, C Chapman, R Hu, W He, XZ Hosgood, HD Liu, LZ Lai, H Tian, LW Chen, W Rothman, N Lan, Q AF Kim, Christopher Chapman, Robert Hu, Wei He, Xingzhou Hosgood, H. Dean Liu, Larry Z. Lai, Hong Tian, Linwei Chen, Wei Rothman, Nathaniel Lan, Qing TI Indoor coal smoke exposure, tobacco use, and lung cancer risk in Xuanwei, China SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kim, Christopher; Hu, Wei; Hosgood, H. Dean; Rothman, Nathaniel; Lan, Qing] NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Chapman, Robert] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [He, Xingzhou] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Liu, Larry Z.] Pfizer, New York, NY USA. [Lai, Hong] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Tian, Linwei] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Chen, Wei] Forest Labs Inc, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD APR 15 PY 2012 VL 72 SU 8 MA 5478 DI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2012-5478 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V43SR UT WOS:000209701602140 ER PT J AU Ross, JA Leayitt, SA Schmid, JE Nelson, GB AF Ross, Jeffrey A. Leayitt, Sharon A. Schmid, Judith E. Nelson, Garret B. TI Quantitative changes in endogenous DNA adducts correlate with conazole mutagenicity and tumorigenicity in mouse liver SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ross, Jeffrey A.; Leayitt, Sharon A.; Schmid, Judith E.; Nelson, Garret B.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD APR 15 PY 2012 VL 72 SU 8 MA 2548 DI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2012-2548 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V43SR UT WOS:000209701600239 ER PT J AU Li, T Liang, J Ambrogelly, A Brennan, T Gloor, G Huisman, G Lalonde, J Lekhal, A Mijts, B Muley, S Newman, L Tobin, M Wong, G Zaks, A Zhang, XY AF Li, Tao Liang, Jack Ambrogelly, Alexandre Brennan, Tim Gloor, Guy Huisman, Gjalt Lalonde, James Lekhal, Azzeddine Mijts, Ben Muley, Sheela Newman, Lisa Tobin, Matt Wong, George Zaks, Aleksey Zhang, Xiyun TI Efficient, Chemoenzymatic Process for Manufacture of the Boceprevir Bicyclic [3.1.0]Proline Intermediate Based on Amine Oxidase-Catalyzed Desymmetrization SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID H BOND ACTIVATION; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; MONOAMINE-OXIDASE; MULTICOMPONENT REACTIONS; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; TERTIARY-AMINES; OXIDATION; TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINE; FUNCTIONALIZATION; ADJACENT AB The key structural feature in Boceprevir, Merck's new drug treatment for hepatitis C, is the bicyclic [3.1.0]profine moiety "P2". During the discovery and development stages, the P2 fragment was produced by a classical resolution approach. As the drug candidate advanced through clinical trials and approached regulatory approval and commercialization, Codexis and Schering-Plough (now Merck) jointly developed a chemoenzymatic asymmetric synthesis of P2 where the net reaction was an oxidative Strecker reaction. The key part of this reaction sequence is an enzymatic oxidative desymmetrization of the prochiral amine substrate. C1 [Li, Tao; Ambrogelly, Alexandre; Brennan, Tim; Gloor, Guy; Lekhal, Azzeddine; Wong, George; Zaks, Aleksey] Merck & Co Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. [Liang, Jack; Huisman, Gjalt; Lalonde, James; Mijts, Ben; Muley, Sheela; Newman, Lisa; Tobin, Matt; Zhang, Xiyun] Codexis Inc, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 Martin L King Dr W, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM li.tao@epa.gov NR 39 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 11 PY 2012 VL 134 IS 14 BP 6467 EP 6472 DI 10.1021/ja3010495 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 922CQ UT WOS:000302524800056 PM 22409428 ER PT J AU Pleil, JD Sobus, JR Sheppard, PR Ridenour, G Witten, ML AF Pleil, Joachim D. Sobus, Jon R. Sheppard, Paul R. Ridenour, Gary Witten, Mark L. TI Strategies for evaluating the environment-public health interaction of long-term latency disease: The quandary of the inconclusive case-control study SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Childhood leukemia; Cancer cluster; Epidemiology; Case-control; Ecologic study; Environmental exposure ID CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA CLUSTER; COBALT TUNGSTEN CARBIDE; SINGLE-CELL GEL; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; HARD METALS; NEVADA; FALLON; POWDER; ALLOY; LUNG AB Environmental links to disease are difficult to uncover because environmental exposures are variable in time and space, contaminants occur in complex mixtures, and many diseases have a long time delay between exposure and onset. Furthermore, individuals in a population have different activity patterns (e.g., hobbies, jobs, and interests), and different genetic susceptibilities to disease. As such, there are many potential confounding factors to obscure the reasons that one individual gets sick and another remains healthy. An important method for deducing environmental associations with disease outbreak is the retrospective case-control study wherein the affected and control subject cohorts are studied to see what is different about their previous exposure history. Despite success with infectious diseases (e.g., food poisoning, and flu), case-control studies of cancer clusters rarely have an unambiguous outcome. This is attributed to the complexity of disease progression and the long-term latency between exposure and disease onset. In this article, we consider strategies for investigating cancer clusters and make some observations for improving statistical power through broader non-parametric approaches wherein sub-populations (i.e., whole towns), rather than individuals, are treated as the cases and controls, and the associated cancer rates are treated as the dependent variable. We subsequently present some ecological data for tungsten and cobalt from studies by University of Arizona researchers who document elevated levels of tungsten and cobalt in Fallon, NV. These results serve as candidates for future hybrid ecologic case-control investigations of childhood leukemia clusters. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pleil, Joachim D.] US EPA, Methods Dev & Applicat Branch, HEASD NERL ORD D205 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sobus, Jon R.] US EPA, Exposure Measurements & Anal Branch, HEASD NERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sheppard, Paul R.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Witten, Mark L.] Odyssey Res Inst, Tucson, AZ 85710 USA. RP Pleil, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Methods Dev & Applicat Branch, HEASD NERL ORD D205 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pleil.joachim@epa.gov; sheppard@ltrr.arizona.edu OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 FU Cancer Research and Prevention Foundation; Gerber Foundation; US Environmental Protection Agency [AM-96963201] FX The authors are indebted to a number of experts in the various technical fields (biostatistics, epidemiology, risk assessment, and exposure assessment) for their excellent advice, arguments, and discussions; they are Stephen Rappaport (now at University of California in Berkeley), Douglas Crawford-Brown, and Gail Tudor from the School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, David Ashley and Ben Blount from Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, and Andrew Lindstrom from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Coauthors on original publications of the University of Arizona research on Fallon are acknowledged. Original ecologic research by the University of Arizona was funded in part by the Cancer Research and Prevention Foundation and the Gerber Foundation, neither of which is otherwise responsible for any content of this paper. This summary was funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency (AM-96963201, Fallon Leukemia Studies). This research has been subjected to (EPA) Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD APR 5 PY 2012 VL 196 IS 3 SI SI BP 68 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.02.020 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 941EJ UT WOS:000303946200004 PM 21382361 ER PT J AU Fox, JT Sakamuru, S Huang, RL Teneva, N Simmons, SO Xia, MH Tice, RR Austin, CP Myung, K AF Fox, Jennifer T. Sakamuru, Srilatha Huang, Ruili Teneva, Nedelina Simmons, Steven O. Xia, Menghang Tice, Raymond R. Austin, Christopher P. Myung, Kyungjae TI High-throughput genotoxicity assay identifies antioxidants as inducers of DNA damage response and cell death SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE chemotherapy; high-throughput screening ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PHYTOESTROGEN GENISTEIN; XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM; CHEMICAL LIBRARIES; POLYMERASE ETA; CANCER CELLS; HUMAN ELG1; NUDE-MICE; IN-VIVO; RESVERATROL AB Human ATAD5 is a biomarker for identifying genotoxic compounds because ATAD5 protein levels increase posttranscriptionally in response to DNA damage. We screened over 4,000 compounds with a cell-based quantitative high-throughput ATAD5-luciferase assay detecting genotoxic compounds. We identified 22 antioxidants, including resveratrol, genistein, and baicalein, that are currently used or investigated for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and chronic hepatitis, as well as for antiaging. Treatment of dividing cells with these compounds induced DNA damage and resulted in cell death. Despite their genotoxic effects, resveratrol, genistein, and baicalein did not cause mutagenesis, which is a major side effect of conventional anticancer drugs. Furthermore, resveratrol and genistein killed multidrug-resistant cancer cells. We therefore propose that resveratrol, genistein, and baicalein are attractive candidates for improved chemotherapeutic agents. C1 [Fox, Jennifer T.; Teneva, Nedelina; Myung, Kyungjae] NHGRI, Genome Instabil Sect, Genet & Mol Biol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sakamuru, Srilatha; Huang, Ruili; Xia, Menghang; Austin, Christopher P.] NIH, Natl Ctr Adv Translat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Simmons, Steven O.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tice, Raymond R.] NIEHS, Div Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Myung, K (reprint author), NHGRI, Genome Instabil Sect, Genet & Mol Biol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kmyung@mail.nih.gov OI Simmons, Steven/0000-0001-9079-1069 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Y2-ES-7020-01]; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health; [R03 MH092164-01] FX We thank S. Anderson in the FACS core, A. Dutra in the cytogenetics core, and D. Bodine, F. Candotti, P. Schwartzberg, and Y. Yang of the National Human Genome Research Institute for helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript; M. Gottesman and C. Cardarelli of the National Cancer Institute for cell lines; and K.M. especially thanks E. Cho. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Programs (Interagency Agreement Y2-ES-7020-01) of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, and by Grant R03 MH092164-01 (to K.M and M.X.). NR 36 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 26 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 3 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 14 BP 5423 EP 5428 DI 10.1073/pnas.1114278109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 919BD UT WOS:000302294700064 PM 22431602 ER PT J AU Sonntag, DB Bailey, CR Fulper, CR Baldauf, RW AF Sonntag, Darrell B. Bailey, Chad R. Fulper, Carl R. Baldauf, Richard W. TI Contribution of Lubricating Oil to Particulate Matter Emissions from Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles in Kansas City SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POWERED MOTOR-VEHICLES; ON-ROAD VEHICLES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; EXHAUST EMISSIONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DIESEL; SIZE; FUEL; VOLATILITY; PROFILES AB The contribution of lubricating oil to particulate matter (PM) emissions representative of the in-use 2004 light-duty gasoline vehicles fleet is estimated from the Kansas City Light-Duty Vehicle Emissions Study (KCVES). PM emissions are apportioned to lubricating oil and gasoline using aerosol-phase chemical markers measured in PM samples obtained from 99 vehicles tested on the California Unified Driving Cycle. The oil contribution to fleet-weighted PM emission rates is estimated to be 25% of PM emission rates. Oil contributes primarily to the organic fraction of PM, with no detectable contribution to elemental carbon emissions. Vehicles are analyzed according to pre-1991 and 1991-2004 groups due to differences in properties of the fitting species between newer and older vehicles, and to account for the sampling design of the study. Pre-1991 vehicles contribute 13.5% of the KC vehicle population, 70% of oil-derived PM for the entire fleet, and 33% of the fuel-derived PM. The uncertainty of the contributions is calculated from a survey analysis resampling method, with 95% confidence intervals for the oil-derived PM fraction ranging from 1396 to 37%. The PM is not completely apportioned to the gasoline and oil due to several contributing factors, including varied chemical composition of PM among vehicles, metal emissions, and PM measurement artifacts. Additional uncertainties include potential sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into the oil, contributions of semivolatile organic compounds from the oil to the PM measurements, and representing the in-use fleet with a limited number of vehicles. C1 [Sonntag, Darrell B.; Bailey, Chad R.; Fulper, Carl R.; Baldauf, Richard W.] US EPA, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Baldauf, Richard W.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bailey, CR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM bailey.chad@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA [X3-83459201] FX D.B.S. is an AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow, hosted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI. This work was made possible by the contributions of many individuals and organizations, including John Koupal who served as the EPA mentor for the AAAS S&T Policy Fellowship program, and Edward K. Nam who recommended and encouraged the project. Additional contributors at U.S. EPA include Joseph Somers, James Warila, Antonio Fernandez, and Joseph McDonald who provided valuable insights into the analysis and interpretation of the results. The analysis relied heavily on the chemical species work performed by Eric Fujita and Barbara Zielinska at Desert Research Institute (DRI), who also provided valuable insights on the properties of fitting species. The KCVES was organized and implemented by the Eastern Research Group (ERG), and its subcontractors, DRI, BKI, NuStats, Sensors, and ESP. Funding for the AAAS fellowship was provided under Cooperative Agreement No. X3-83459201 awarded by the U.S. EPA to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). NR 40 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 3 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 7 BP 4191 EP 4199 DI 10.1021/es203747f PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 926SC UT WOS:000302850400077 PM 22369074 ER PT J AU Aydin, C Grace, C Gordon, C AF Aydin, Cenk Grace, Curtis Gordon, Christopher TI EFFECT OF PHYSICAL RESTRAINT ON THE LIMITS OF THERMOREGULATION IN TELEMETERED RATS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting CY APR 21-25, 2012 CL San Diego, CA C1 [Aydin, Cenk] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2012 VL 26 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IZ UT WOS:000310711301430 ER PT J AU Nash, JT Szabo, DT Carey, GB AF Nash, Jessica T. Szabo, David T. Carey, Gale B. TI The effect of in vivo PBDE treatment on hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) enzyme kinetics in male wistar rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting CY APR 21-25, 2012 CL San Diego, CA C1 [Nash, Jessica T.; Carey, Gale B.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Szabo, David T.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2012 VL 26 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IZ UT WOS:000310711302518 ER PT J AU Tumburu, L Andersen, C Betts, JN Johnson, MG King, GA Plocher, M Reichman, JR Rygiewicz, PT AF Tumburu, Laxminath Andersen, Christian Betts, Julia N. Johnson, Mark G. King, George A. Plocher, Milt Reichman, Jay R. Rygiewicz, Paul T. TI Investigations of nanoparticle toxicity and uptake of Cerium oxide and Titanium dioxide in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting CY APR 21-25, 2012 CL San Diego, CA C1 [Tumburu, Laxminath; Andersen, Christian; Johnson, Mark G.; Reichman, Jay R.; Rygiewicz, Paul T.] US EPA, ORD NHEERL Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. [Tumburu, Laxminath] CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Betts, Julia N.; King, George A.; Plocher, Milt] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 17 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2012 VL 26 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IZ UT WOS:000310711300733 ER PT J AU Yokel, RA Wu, P Tseng, MT MacPhail, RC Graham, UM Dan, M Unrine, JM Sultana, R Hardas, SS Butterfield, DA Grulke, EA AF Yokel, Robert A. Wu, Peng Tseng, Michael T. MacPhail, Robert C. Graham, Uschi M. Dan, Mo Unrine, Jason M. Sultana, Rukhsana Hardas, Sarita S. Butterfield, D. Allan Grulke, Eric A. TI Nanoceria distribution, biotransformation, and safety/toxicity in the rat SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting CY APR 21-25, 2012 CL San Diego, CA C1 [Graham, Uschi M.] U KY, CAER, Lexington, KY USA. [Butterfield, D. Allan] U KY, Ctr Membrane Sci, Lexington, KY USA. [Tseng, Michael T.] U Louisville, Louisville, KY USA. [MacPhail, Robert C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2012 VL 26 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IZ UT WOS:000310711301908 ER PT J AU Yu, SC Mathur, R Pleim, J Pouliot, G Wong, D Eder, B Schere, K Gilliam, R Rao, ST AF Yu, Shaocai Mathur, Rohit Pleim, Jonathan Pouliot, George Wong, David Eder, Brian Schere, Kenneth Gilliam, Rob Rao, S. Trivikrama TI Comparative evaluation of the impact of WRF-NMM and WRF-ARW meteorology on CMAQ simulations for O-3 and related species during the 2006 TexAQS/GoMACCS campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Air quality; Modeling; Emission; Ozone; Meteorology ID AIR-QUALITY MODELS; DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION; SYSTEM; OZONE; HOUSTON AB In this paper, impact of meteorology derived from the Weather, Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM) and WRF-Advanced Research WRF (ARW) meteorological models on the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) simulations for ozone and its related precursors has been comparatively evaluated over the eastern United States using surface network (AIRNow) data and over the Texas area with the intensive observations obtained by NOAA aircraft P-3 flights and ship during the 2006 TexAQS/GoMACCS campaign. The NMM-CMAQ and ARW-CMAQ models were run on the basis of their original grid structures of the meteorological models. The results at the AIRNow surface sites showed that the model performance for ARW-CMAQ and NMM-CMAQ models was similar and reasonable for the high maximum 8-hr O-3 concentration range (>40 ppbv) with slightly better performance for ARW-CMAQ [the normalized mean bias (NMB) values of ARW-CMAQ and NMM-CMAQ are 8.1 and 9.4%, respectively]. The results of the evaluation using aircraft observations over the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria and Dallas metropolitan areas revealed that both models had similar performances for different chemical species (O-3, CO, PAN, NO2, NO, NOX, HNO3, NOY and ethylene) as both models use the same chemical mechanism and emissions. Both models reproduced the vertical variation patterns of the observed air temperature and water vapor well with the slightly lower values for the ARW-CMAQ model. The evaluation results with ship observations over the Gulf of Mexico showed that both models captured, with a good deal of accuracy, the temporal variations and broad synoptic change seen in the observed O-3, NOY, CO and O-3+NO2 with the mean NMB value <25% most of the time. (C) Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. C1 [Yu, Shaocai; Mathur, Rohit; Pleim, Jonathan; Pouliot, George; Wong, David; Eder, Brian; Schere, Kenneth; Gilliam, Rob; Rao, S. Trivikrama] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Yu, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM yu.shaocai@epa.gov RI yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017; OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082; Pouliot, George/0000-0003-3406-4814 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The authors would like to thank J. Godowitch for the constructive and very helpful comments. We also thank Daiwen Kang, Daniel Tong, Jeff McQueen, Pius Lee, Youhua Tang, and Marina Tsidulko for collaboration and critical assistance in performing the forecast simulations. We are grateful to the 2006 TexAQS/GoMACCS investigators for making their measurement data available for verification of modeling results. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 29 PU TURKISH NATL COMMITTEE AIR POLLUTION RES & CONTROL-TUNCAP PI BUCA PA DOKUZ EYLUL UNIV, DEPT ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, TINAZTEPE CAMPUS, BUCA, IZMIR 35160, TURKEY SN 1309-1042 J9 ATMOS POLLUT RES JI Atmos. Pollut. Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 149 EP 162 DI 10.5094/APR.2012.015 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 029SE UT WOS:000310515200001 ER PT J AU Morgan, DL Jokinen, MP Price, HC Gwinn, WM Palmer, SM Flake, GP AF Morgan, Daniel L. Jokinen, Micheal P. Price, Herman C. Gwinn, William M. Palmer, Scott M. Flake, Gordon P. TI Bronchial and Bronchiolar Fibrosis in Rats Exposed to 2,3-Pentanedione Vapors: Implications for Bronchiolitis Obliterans in Humans SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2,3-pentanedione; bronchiolitis obliterans; acetyl propionyl; butter flavoring; diacetyl; nasal cavity; airways; rats; mice ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; ONCOSTATIN-M; LUNG TRANSPLANTATION; DERMAL FIBROBLASTS; EXPRESSION; DIACETYL; COLLAGEN; ALPHA; IDENTIFICATION; EPITHELIUM AB 2,3-Pentanedione (PD) is a component of artificial butter flavorings. The use of PD is increasing since diacetyl, a major butter flavorant, was associated with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in workers and has been removed from many products. Because the toxicity of inhaled PD is unknown, these studies were conducted to characterize the toxicity of inhaled PD across a range of concentrations in rodents. Male and female Wistar-Han rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 50, 100, or 200 ppm PD 6 h/d, 5 d/wk for up to 2 wk. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected after 1, 3, 5, and 10 exposures, and histopathology was evaluated after 12 exposures. MCP-1, MCP-3, CRP, FGF-9, fibrinogen, and OSM were increased 2- to 9-fold in BALF of rats exposed for 5 and 10 days to 200 ppm. In mice, only fibrinogen was increased after 5 exposures to 200 ppm. The epithelium lining the respiratory tract was the site of toxicity in all mice and rats exposed to 200 ppm. Significantly, PD also caused both intraluminal and intramural fibrotic airway lesions in rats. The histopathological and biological changes observed in rats raise concerns that PD inhalation may cause BO in exposed humans. C1 [Morgan, Daniel L.; Gwinn, William M.; Flake, Gordon P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Jokinen, Micheal P.] Charles River Labs Pathol Associates, Durham, NC USA. [Price, Herman C.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Palmer, Scott M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Morgan, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Mail Drop IF-00, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM morgan3@niehs.nih.gov NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 EI 1533-1601 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 40 IS 3 BP 448 EP 465 DI 10.1177/0192623311431946 PG 18 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 961JS UT WOS:000305461300004 PM 22215510 ER PT J AU Ellis, JM Paul, DS DePetrillo, MA Singh, BP Malarkey, DE Coleman, RA AF Ellis, Jessica M. Paul, David S. DePetrillo, Michael A. Singh, Bhanu P. Malarkey, David E. Coleman, Rosalind A. TI Mice Deficient in Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase-1 Have a Reduced Susceptibility to Liver Cancer SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatocellular carcinoma; glycerolipid synthesis; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; diethylnitrosamine ID HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; HEPATIC STEATOSIS; PPAR-ALPHA; NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS; TRIACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHESIS; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; MITOCHONDRIAL; IDENTIFICATION AB The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma increases with the persistence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Triacylglycerol synthesis is initiated by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT). Of four isoforms, GPAT1 contributes 30-50% of total liver GPAT activity, and we hypothesized that it might influence liver susceptibility to tumorigenesis. C57Bl/6 mice deficient in GPAT1 were backcrossed 6 times to C3H mice. After exposure to the carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and the tumor promoter phenobarbital, male Gpat1(-/-) mice, compared with controls (Gpat1(+/+)), had 93% fewer macroscopically visible nodules per liver at 21 weeks of age and 39% fewer at 34 weeks of age. Microscopically, control mice had increased numbers of foci of altered hepatocytes, particularly the basophilic subtype, as well as more, and malignant, liver neoplasms than did the Gpat1(-/-) mice. At 21 weeks of age, 50% (4/8) of control mice (50%) had hepatocellular adenomas with an average multiplicity (tumors per tumor-bearing-animal) of 4.3, while none occurred in 8 Gpat1(-/-) mice. At 34 weeks of age, all 15 control mice (100%) had hepatocellular adenomas with an average multiplicity of 5.2 compared to an incidence of 93% in Gpat1(-/-) mice and multiplicity of 3.1. HCCs were observed in 13% of control mice and in only 6% of Gpat1(-/-) mice. These data show that alterations in the formation of complex lipids catalyzed by Gpat1 reduce susceptibility to DEN-induced liver tumorigenesis. C1 [Ellis, Jessica M.; Paul, David S.; DePetrillo, Michael A.; Coleman, Rosalind A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Ellis, Jessica M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Metab & Obes Res, Dept Biol Chem, Baltimore, MD USA. [Singh, Bhanu P.; Malarkey, David E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth & Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Singh, Bhanu P.] Dupont Haskell Global Ctr Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE USA. RP Coleman, RA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, CB 7461, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM rcoleman@unc.edu FU NIH [DK056598]; predoctoral training grant in Integrative Vascular Biology [HL069768]; American Heart Association-Mid-Atlantic Region [P30 DK034987, P30-ES010126, P30 DK056350]; NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This work was supported by NIH grant DK056598 (RAC); a predoctoral training grant HL069768 in Integrative Vascular Biology (JME); P30 DK034987, P30-ES010126, P30 DK056350, and a predoctoral fellowship from the American Heart Association-Mid-Atlantic Region (JME). This research was also supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 40 IS 3 BP 513 EP 521 DI 10.1177/0192623311432298 PG 9 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 961JS UT WOS:000305461300010 PM 22215515 ER PT J AU Nagarnaik, PM Batt, AL Boulanger, B AF Nagarnaik, Pranav M. Batt, Angela L. Boulanger, Bryan TI Healthcare Facility Effluents as Point Sources of Select Pharmaceuticals to Municipal Wastewater SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE wastewater effluents; pharmaceuticals; healthcare facilities; concentrations; mass loading ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; UNITED-STATES; HOSPITAL EFFLUENT; TREATMENT WORKS; DRINKING-WATER; ANTIBIOTICS; SEWAGE; CONTAMINANTS AB Effluents from four healthcare facilities were characterized for the concentration of 16 common active pharmaceutical ingredients. The sampled facilities included a hospital, nursing care, assisted living, and independent living facility located within a single municipal wastewater system in Texas. Eleven of the 16 monitored pharmaceuticals were detected in at least 1 healthcare facility effluent and 2 measured antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim) were detected in all 4 facility effluents. Active pharmaceutical ingredient concentrations ranged from non-detectable levels for several corticosteroids in all facility effluents to 180 mu g/L sulfamethoxazole in the nursing care wastewater effluent. The mass of active pharmaceutical ingredients discharged to the municipality's wastewater conveyance system was determined by combining individual facility concentration data and daily wastewater flow. The estimated daily mass loading of all 16 pharmaceuticals ranged from 0.16 g/day to 23 g/day in the assisted living facility and nursing wastewater effluents, respectively. The combined active pharmaceutical ingredient mass loading for all four facilities was 42.6 g/day. These findings provide source characterization data for 16 common pharmaceuticals in healthcare facility wastewater and provide a basis for risk assessment of pharmaceuticals present in healthcare facility wastewaters. Water Environ. Res., 84, 339 (2012). C1 [Nagarnaik, Pranav M.; Boulanger, Bryan] Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, Environm & Water Resources Engn Div, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Batt, Angela L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Risk Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Nagarnaik, PM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, Environm & Water Resources Engn Div, WERC 205-I,3136 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM bboulanger@tamu.edu FU Texas Engineering Experiment Station; Texas Hazardous Waste Research Center; U.S. EPA's NERL FX The authors wish to thank J. Werdmann (NERL), A. Bhat (Texas A&M), and MP, TO, JG, and JH (collaborating municipality), for their help in facility sampling and sample processing. This project has been funded with support from the Texas Engineering Experiment Station and the Texas Hazardous Waste Research Center. U.S. EPA's NERL provided analytical support and partial funding. This paper has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the sponsors nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 19 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 84 IS 4 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.2175/106143011X13233670703459 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 961LY UT WOS:000305467100007 PM 22834222 ER PT J AU O'Connor, TP Muthukrishnan, S Barshatzky, K Wallace, W AF O'Connor, Thomas P. Muthukrishnan, Swarna Barshatzky, Kristen Wallace, William TI Trace Metal Accumulation in Sediments and Benthic Macroinvertebrates before and after Maintenance of a Constructed Wetland SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE maintenance; trace metals; mobility factor; macroinvertebrates; sediment; stormwater; best management practice (BMP); bioavailability ID STORMWATER TREATMENT PONDS; URBAN RUNOFF; HEAVY-METALS; COPPER; ZINC; BIOACCUMULATION; FRACTIONATION; TOXICITY; MOBILITY; RELEASE AB Stormwater best management practices (BMPs) require regular maintenance. The impact on trace metal concentrations in a constructed stormwater wetland BMP on Staten Island, New York, was investigated by analyzing sediment concentrations and tissue residues of the dominant macroinvertebrates (Tubifex tubifex) prior and subsequent to maintenance. Trace metal concentrations were assessed using standard serial extraction (for sediment) and acid digestion (for tissue burdens) techniques, followed by quantitative determination using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, respectively. The results suggest that disturbance of sediment during maintenance of the BMP resulted in an increase in the most mobile fraction of trace metals, especially those associated with finer grained sediments (< 63 mu m), and as a consequence, measured metal concentrations in macroinvertebrates increased. Regressions of a subset of metal concentrations (copper, lead, and zinc) in sediment and the macroinvertebrate tissue burden samples generally increased as a result of maintenance. A follow-up sampling event 9 months after maintenance demonstrated that the most readily available form of trace metal in the BMP was reduced, which supports (1) long-term sequestration of metals in the BMP and (2) that elevated bioavailability following maintenance was potentially a transient feature of the disturbance. This study suggests that in the long-term, performing sediment removal might help reduce bioavailability of trace metal concentrations in both the BMP and the receiving water to which a BMP discharges. However, alternative practices might need to be implemented to reduce trace metal bioavailability in the short-term. Water Environ. Res., 84, 370 (2012). C1 [O'Connor, Thomas P.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Urban Watershed Management Branch, Edison, NJ 08817 USA. [Muthukrishnan, Swarna] Amer Water, Innovat & Environm Stewardship, Delran, NJ USA. [Barshatzky, Kristen] Interstate Environm Commiss, Staten Isl, NY USA. [Wallace, William] CUNY, Coll Staten Isl, Dept Biol, Staten Isl, NY USA. RP O'Connor, TP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Urban Watershed Management Branch, 2890 Woodbridge Ave, Edison, NJ 08817 USA. EM oconnor.thomas@epa.gov OI O'Connor, Thomas/0000-0002-5643-644X FU U.S. EPA Office or Research and Development (ORD); U.S. EPA, through its ORD FX Dr. Swarna Muthukrishnan is a former Post Doctoral Research Fellow under the Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education and was supported through an agreement with the U.S. EPA Office or Research and Development (ORD). Part of her research was conducted with the Urban Watershed Management Branch (UWMB) in Edison, New Jersey, part of the National Risk Management Research Laboratory. Data for the sampling and analysis of benthic macroinvertebrate was taken from by Kristen Barshatzky's (2008) Master's thesis "Metals in the Freshwater Oligochaete (Tubifex tubifex) Inhabiting Two Richmond Creek Best Management Practices". Peter Plevritis and Evelyn Powers of the Interstate Environmental Commission supported macroinvertebrate field sampling and assisted with ICP-OES analysis of the macroinvertebrate samples, respectively. Dr. Ariamalar Selvakumar (UWMB) assisted with interpretation of metal sediment data. Dana Gumb, Director, and Jim Rossi, Field Manager, of the Staten Island Bluebelt offered invaluable access and information. PARS Environmental, Inc. performed metal analysis of sediments. Disclaimer: the U.S. EPA, through its ORD, partially funded and collaborated in the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 33 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 84 IS 4 BP 370 EP 381 DI 10.2175/106143012X13347678384486 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 961LY UT WOS:000305467100011 PM 22834226 ER PT J AU Rusyn, I Corton, JC AF Rusyn, Ivan Corton, J. Christopher TI Mechanistic considerations for human relevance of cancer hazard of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE DEHP; Liver; Cancer ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR; HEPATIC PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; MORTALITY FOLLOW-UP; ALPHA PPAR-ALPHA; LOWER SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; PREGNANE-X RECEPTOR AB Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a peroxisome proliferator agent that is widely used as a plasticizer to soften polyvinylchloride plastics and non-polymers. Both occupational (e.g., by inhalation during its manufacture and use as a plasticizer of polyvinylchloride) and environmental (medical devices, contamination of food, or intake from air, water and soil) routes of exposure to DEHP are of concern for human health. There is sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity of DEHP in the liver in both rats and mice; however, there is little epidemiological evidence on possible associations between exposure to DEHP and liver cancer in humans. Data are available to suggest that liver is not the only target tissue for DEHP-associated toxicity and carcinogenicity in both humans and rodents. The debate regarding human relevance of the findings in rats or mice has been informed by studies on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis of the peroxisome proliferator class of chemicals, including DEHP. Important additional mechanistic information became available in the past decade, including, but not limited to, sub-acute, sub-chronic and chronic studies with DEHP in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha-null mice, as well as experiments utilizing several transgenic mouse lines. Activation of PPAR alpha and the subsequent downstream events mediated by this transcription factor represent an important mechanism of action for DEHP in rats and mice. However, additional data from animal models and studies in humans exposed to DEHP from the environment suggest that multiple molecular signals and pathways in several cell types in the liver, rather than a single molecular event, contribute to the cancer in rats and mice. In addition, the toxic and carcinogenic effects of DEHP are not limited to liver. The International Agency for Research on Cancer working group concluded that the human relevance of the molecular events leading to cancer elicited by DEHP in several target tissues (e.g., liver and testis) in rats and mice can not be ruled out and DEHP was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rusyn, Ivan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Corton, J. Christopher] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rusyn, I (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM iir@unc.edu RI Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES010126, P42 ES005948, P42 ES005948-19, R01 ES012686, R01 ES012686-04] NR 214 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 EI 1388-2139 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD APR-JUN PY 2012 VL 750 IS 2 BP 141 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.12.004 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 944FI UT WOS:000304184300005 PM 22198209 ER PT J AU Falke, JA Bailey, LL Fausch, KD Bestgen, KR AF Falke, Jeffrey A. Bailey, Larissa L. Fausch, Kurt D. Bestgen, Kevin R. TI Colonization and extinction in dynamic habitats: an occupancy approach for a Great Plains stream fish assemblage SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Great Plains, USA; groundwater; intermittent streams; joint habitat occupancy modeling; metapopulations; species occurrence; stream fishes ID SPECIES OCCURRENCE DYNAMICS; FLOODPLAIN RIVER; METAPOPULATION STRUCTURE; PRAIRIE STREAMS; BRASSY MINNOW; PERSISTENCE; DISTURBANCE; LANDSCAPES; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY AB Despite the importance of habitat in determining species distribution and persistence, habitat dynamics are rarely modeled in studies of metapopulations. We used an integrated habitat-occupancy model to simultaneously quantify habitat change, site fidelity, and local colonization and extinction rates for larvae of a suite of Great Plains stream fishes in the Arikaree River, eastern Colorado, USA, across three years. Sites were located along a gradient of flow intermittency and groundwater connectivity. Hydrology varied across years: the first and third being relatively wet and the second dry. Despite hydrologic variation, our results indicated that site suitability was random from one year to the next. Occupancy probabilities were also independent of previous habitat and occupancy state for most species, indicating little site fidelity. Climate and groundwater connectivity were important drivers of local extinction and colonization, but the importance of groundwater differed between periods. Across species, site extinction probabilities were highest during the transition from wet to dry conditions (range: 0.52-0.98), and the effect of groundwater was apparent with higher extinction probabilities for sites not fed by groundwater. Colonization probabilities during this period were relatively low for both previously dry sites (range: 0.02-0.38) and previously wet sites (range: 0.02-0.43). In contrast, no sites dried or remained dry during the transition from dry to wet conditions, yielding lower but still substantial extinction probabilities (range: 0.16-0.63) and higher colonization probabilities (range: 0.06-0.86), with little difference among sites with and without groundwater. This approach of jointly modeling both habitat change and species occupancy will likely be useful to incorporate effects of dynamic habitat on metapopulation processes and to better inform appropriate conservation actions. C1 [Bestgen, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Larval Fish Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Falke, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM jeffrey.falke@oregonstate.edu RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009; Fausch, Kurt/A-8849-2010 FU Colorado Division of Wildlife FX We thank K. Bentley, N. Cathcart, A. Ficke, R. Fitzpatrick, J. Hammer, M. Hill, A. Klug, W. Pate, C. Saunders, and Z. Underwood for their help in the field and lab. We also thank D. Winkelman, D. Durnford, D. MacKenzie, and J. Hines for their input on study design and analyses. W. Burnidge (The Nature Conservancy) provided valuable logistical support. This research was funded by a grant from the Colorado Division of Wildlife, and we thank T. Nesler and H. Crockett for their administrative support. NR 62 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 73 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2012 VL 93 IS 4 BP 858 EP 867 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 937HV UT WOS:000303650500018 PM 22690636 ER PT J AU Bowler, RM Harris, M Gocheva, V Wilson, K Kim, Y Davis, SI Bollweg, G Lobdell, DT Ngo, L Roels, HA AF Bowler, Rosemarie M. Harris, Matthew Gocheva, Vihra Wilson, Katherine Kim, Yangho Davis, Stephanie I. Bollweg, George Lobdell, Danelle T. Ngo, Long Roels, Harry A. TI Anxiety affecting parkinsonian outcome and motor efficiency in adults of an Ohio community with environmental airborne manganese exposure SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Generalized anxiety; Manganese; Environmental air/Epidemiology; UPDRS/Motor/Bradykinesia/ADL ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS; BLOOD MANGANESE; WORKERS; DISORDERS; WELDERS; SEQUELAE; DISEASE AB Manganese (Mn) is a nutrient and neurotoxicant sometimes associated with mood, motor and neurological effects. Reports of health effects from occupational exposure to Mn are well known, but the reported links to environmental airborne Mn (Mn-Air) are less conclusive. Marietta, OH (USA) is a previously identified community with elevated Mn-Air from industrial emissions. Households were randomly selected in Marietta and the comparison town (Mount Vernon, OH). The responders were used to recruit on a voluntary basis 30- to 75-year-old residents, i.e. 100 in Marietta and 90 in Mount Vernon. They were administered the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), motor efficiency, and mood tests, along with a comprehensive questionnaire including demographics, health and work history. Blood Mn (MnB), serum ferritin, and hepatic enzymes were measured. Results were compared with those of 90 residents from a demographically similar comparison town, Mount Vernon, OH, where Mn-Air from industrial emissions was not of concern. Mn-Air exposure indices were modeled for Marietta residents. The Mn-exposed participants resided on average 4.75 miles (range 1-11) from the Mn point source. Their modeled residential Mn-Air estimate ranged from 0.04 to 0.96 mu g/m(3) and was on average 0.18 mu g/m(3). The group means of MnB were similar for the Mn-exposed (9.65 mu g/L) and comparison (9.48 mu g/L) participants. The Marietta group reported more generalized anxiety on the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) than the comparison group (p = 0.035). Generalized anxiety in Marietta was related to a cumulative exposure index (p = 0.002). based on modeled Mn-Air concentration and length of residence. Higher generalized anxiety scores were related to poorer performance on UPDRS tests [adjusted relative risk (95%CI): 2.18 (1.46-3.25) for motor-related activities of daily living, 3.44 (1.48-7.98) for bradykinesia, and 1.63 (1.06-2.53) for motor/movement]. Group differences in SCL-90-R generalized anxiety between the two towns and the observed relationship between exposure indices and generalized anxiety suggest an association between environmental Mn exposure and anxiety states. Whether this association is due to direct neurotoxic effects of Mn-Air or concern about the health effects of air pollution remains an open question. The results highlight the importance of measuring anxiety in relation to neuropsychological and neurological endpoints, and should be validated in other studies of Mn-exposed communities. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Bowler, Rosemarie M.; Gocheva, Vihra] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Harris, Matthew; Wilson, Katherine] Alliant Int Univ, San Francisco, CA USA. [Kim, Yangho] Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Ulsan Univ Hosp, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. [Davis, Stephanie I.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bollweg, George] US EPA, Reg Air & Radiat Div 5, Chicago, IL USA. [Lobdell, Danelle T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ngo, Long] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Ngo, Long] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Roels, Harry A.] Catholic Univ Louvain, Louvain Ctr Toxicol & Appl Pharmacol, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. RP Bowler, RM (reprint author), 8371 Kent Dr, El Cerrito, CA 94530 USA. EM rbowl@sfsu.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [83416001]; ATSDR Region 5, IL (Michelle Colledge, Health Consultation); Ohio Department of Health, Division of Prevention (Forrest Smith, Epidemiologist); Ohio Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental Health (Greg Stein, Robert Frey); Marietta City Health Department (Michael Brockett, Health Commissioner); Washington County Health Department (Kathleen Meckstroth, Health Commissioner); Knox County Health Department (Dennis Murray, Health Commissioner); Washington County Community Members (Eric Fitch, Biology Dept., Marietta College; Diane Dudzinski, Washington State Community College) FX The research described in this article has been funded wholly (or in part) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through cooperative agreement number 83416001 to San Francisco State University.; This paper is dedicated to Dr. David Macarus who had the foresight to recognize the importance of this study. Unfortunately, Dr. Macarus died shortly after the approval of this project for funding. His efforts are acknowledged with gratitude. Special thanks is given to Dr. Alan Ducatman, West Virginia University Medical School, Community Medicine, for his generous intensive input in the health questionnaire, his availability for consultation on illnesses during the recruitment period, during the statistical analyses and preparation for the community presentations. Dr. Donna Mergler, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, is thanked for her generous consultation throughout this project and for her assistance in the early phase of the statistical analyses. Also acknowledged for valuable support to this study are: ATSDR Region 5, IL (Michelle Colledge, Health Consultation); Ohio Department of Health, Division of Prevention (Forrest Smith, Epidemiologist); Ohio Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental Health (Greg Stein, Robert Frey); Marietta City Health Department (Michael Brockett, Health Commissioner); Washington County Health Department (Kathleen Meckstroth, Health Commissioner); Knox County Health Department (Dennis Murray, Health Commissioner); Washington County Community Members (Eric Fitch, Biology Dept., Marietta College; Diane Dudzinski, Washington State Community College). NR 96 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD APR PY 2012 VL 215 IS 3 BP 393 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.10.005 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 941KA UT WOS:000303960900019 PM 22112744 ER PT J AU McCurry, DL Speth, TF Pressman, JG AF McCurry, Daniel L. Speth, Thomas F. Pressman, Jonathan G. TI Lyophilization and Reconstitution of Reverse-Osmosis Concentrated Natural Organic Matter from a Drinking Water Source SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Lyophilization; NOM; DOM; Freeze-drying; Reconstitution; Reverse osmosis ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; SURFACE WATERS; FRACTIONATION; CHLORINATION; REACTIVITY; PARAMETERS; IMPACT; CARBON AB Drinking water treatment research can be complicated by difficulties in shipping large water quantities and changing natural organic matter (NOM) characteristics over time. To overcome these issues, it is advantageous to have a reliable method for concentrating NOM with minimal loss and maximum shelf-life. NOM concentration and preservation by lyophilization (freeze-drying) has been practiced for many years; however, little information for lyophilizing and reconstituting NOM exists in the literature. The purpose of this research was to both evaluate and improve the lyophilization process of a concentrated NOM solution and to determine the appropriate conditions (pH, mixing time, and concentration factor) under which to reconstitute lyophilized NOM for maximum total organic carbon (TOC) and ultraviolet absorbance at 254-nm (UV254 ) recovery. To achieve this, a new lyophilization method was developed, in which NOM concentrate is supercooled below its freezing point and heat transfer is carefully regulated to avoid ice melt-back. The lyophilized NOM was then reconstituted in 36 aliquots, at every unique combination of three pH values (6, 8, and 10), three mixing times (1, 4, and 24 h), and four concentration factors (1x, 10x, 100x, 1000x). The overall mean TOC recovery was 101% (+/- 3.3%). The improved method recovered 11% more TOC than a conventional procedure. No statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences in TOC concentration were observed with respect to pH, mixing time, or concentration factor. The mean recovery of UV254 was 91% with significantly better recovery at pH 10 than at pH 8 or 6. Mixing time did not significantly affect UV254 recovery. No statistically significant differences in UV254 were observed between reconstitutions at 1x, 10x, and 100x. A small but significant drop (4.8%, p=0.029) in UV254 recovery was observed between 100x and 1000x samples. Finally, it was found that lyophilization and reconstitution reduces the dissolved silicon concentration in the final sample. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000495. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Speth, Thomas F.; Pressman, Jonathan G.] US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [McCurry, Daniel L.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [McCurry, Daniel L.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Pressman, JG (reprint author), US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM pressman.jonathan@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through Office of Research and Development FX The authors wish to thank Niranjan Deshpande, Paul Rossman, and Halle Murray for experimental assistance; David Wahman for help with statistical analyses; David Griffith, Eugenia Riddick, Jeffery Collins, and Keith Kelty for chemical analyses; and Emily Nauman for editing the manuscript. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency; therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD APR PY 2012 VL 138 IS 4 BP 402 EP 410 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000495 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 932AD UT WOS:000303260200002 ER PT J AU Phillips, DL AF Phillips, Donald L. TI Converting isotope values to diet composition: the use of mixing models SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE diet; mixing model; stable isotopes ID INCORPORATING CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE; PREDATOR-PREY RELATIONSHIPS; NITROGEN STABLE-ISOTOPES; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; PRIOR INFORMATION; CALIFORNIA COAST; SEASONAL-CHANGES; RATTUS-RATTUS; BONE-COLLAGEN; BROWN BEARS AB A common use of stable isotope analysis in mammalogy is to make inferences about diet from isotope values (typically delta C-13 and delta N-15) measured in tissues and food sources of a consumer. Mathematical mixing models are used to estimate the proportional contributions of food sources to the isotopic composition of the tissues of a consumer, which reflect the assimilated diet. This paper reviews basic mixing models and how they work; additional refinements also are described that include addressing uncertainty, larger numbers of sources, combining sources, concentration effects, and Bayesian statistical frameworks. Information is provided on where to access software for the various models. Numerous examples are cited to show application of these models in the mammal research literature. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Phillips, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM phillips.donald@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency FX I thank M. Ben-David and E. Flaherty for organizing the stable isotope symposium at the annual meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists (2010) and for inviting my participation. M. Wunder, M. Ben-David, C. Kurle, B. Blake, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on the manuscript. The research in this document has been funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to United States Environmental Protection Agency peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as a United States Environmental Protection Agency document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 107 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 9 U2 115 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2012 VL 93 IS 2 BP 342 EP 352 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-S-158.1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937VI UT WOS:000303690700004 ER PT J AU Xu, QY Tolaymat, T Townsend, TG AF Xu, Qiyong Tolaymat, Thabet Townsend, Timothy G. TI Impact of Pressurized Liquids Addition on Landfill Slope Stability SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Landfill; Slope stability; Bioreactor; Liquids addition; Leachate collection system ID MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; SHEAR-STRENGTH; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; LEACHATE AB The addition of liquids to municipal solid waste landfills, a practice sometimes performed under pressure to promote moisture distribution, has the potential to affect slope stability as a result of increased pore water pressure (and reduced shear strength) in the landfilled waste. Liquids addition into waste by using buried horizontal trenches was modeled to determine pore water pressure distributions, and the resulting effect on slope stability was assessed for different operational strategies. Model results using typical mechanical properties for solid waste found that pressurized liquids addition under a sloped landfill surface was possible without inducing a slope failure, providing liquids distribution was not obstructed. A reduction in the factor of safety occurred when simulating a poorly functioning leachate collection and removal system, a low-permeability cover layer within the landfill, a seepage control strategy using low-permeability soil, high liquids addition pressures, and waste permeability decreasing with depth. The sensitivity of the model results to input parameters was evaluated and graphically presented. The results demonstrate how pressurized liquids addition has the potential to affect slope stability and provide important insights for engineers charged with designing and permitting such systems. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000609. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Townsend, Timothy G.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Xu, Qiyong] Innovat Waste Consulting Serv, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. [Xu, Qiyong] Peking Univ, Shenzhen Grad School, Sch Environm & Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Tolaymat, Thabet] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Townsend, TG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, POB 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM chad@iwcs.biz; tolaymat.thabet@epa.gov; ttown@ufl.edu RI Townsend, Timothy/D-1981-2009 OI Townsend, Timothy/0000-0002-1222-0954 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 20 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD APR PY 2012 VL 138 IS 4 BP 472 EP 480 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000609 PG 9 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 928CF UT WOS:000302956900006 ER PT J AU Vaddula, B Leazer, J Varma, RS AF Vaddula, Buchireddy Leazer, John Varma, Rajender S. TI Copper-Catalyzed Ultrasound-Expedited N-Arylation of Sulfoximines using Diaryliodonium Salts SO ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE N-arylation; C-N cross-coupling; iodonium salts; PEG-400; polyethylene glycol 400; sulfoximines ID SUBSTITUTED DIPHENYLIODONIUM SALTS; MUKAIYAMA-ALDOL REACTIONS; CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS; ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; C-N; ARYL IODIDES; C-1-SYMMETRIC AMINOSULFOXIMINES; ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS; POLYVALENT IODINE; BOND FORMATION AB An ultrasound-accelerated route for an expeditious N-arylation of NH-sulfoximines is described that involves the use of diaryliodonium salts in aqueous polyethylene glycol-400 and copper(I) bromide as catalyst at room temperature. The high yields of the products and simple work-up are the highlights of the protocol. C1 [Vaddula, Buchireddy; Leazer, John; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; EPA FX This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the EPA. NR 80 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-4150 J9 ADV SYNTH CATAL JI Adv. Synth. Catal. PD APR PY 2012 VL 354 IS 6 BP 986 EP 990 DI 10.1002/adsc.201100808 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 927UP UT WOS:000302936000006 ER PT J AU Denslow, ND Martyniuk, C Alvarez, S Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT AF Denslow, N. D. Martyniuk, C. Alvarez, S. Villeneuve, D. L. Ankley, G. T. TI Proteomic expression patterns in fathead minnows exposed to trenbolone and flutamide SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. US EPA, Washington, DC USA. MED, Duluth, MN USA. EM ndenslow@ufl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 52 SU 1 BP E44 EP E44 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930TV UT WOS:000303165000177 ER PT J AU Dillon, ME Frazier, MR AF Dillon, M. E. Frazier, M. R. TI Development time, seasonality, and body size clines in insects: a general explanation? SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR USA. EM Michael.Dillon@uwyo.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 52 SU 1 BP E47 EP E47 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930TV UT WOS:000303165000187 ER PT J AU Frazier, MR Dillon, ME AF Frazier, M. R. Dillon, M. E. TI Allometric scaling of development time in insects SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM Michael.Dillon@uwyo.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 52 SU 1 BP E247 EP E247 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930TV UT WOS:000303165001453 ER PT J AU Ravishankara, AR Dawson, JP Winner, DA AF Ravishankara, A. R. Dawson, John P. Winner, Darrell A. TI New Directions: Adapting air quality management to climate change: A must for planning SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Adaptation; Air quality ID BLACK CARBON AB While adaptation to climate change is primarily thought of as a water, weather, and infrastructure issue, air quality and air quality management are important aspects of climate change adaptation. Air quality and climate change are so heavily intertwined that air quality needs to be considered not only for mitigation strategies but also in management of and adapting to climate change. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ravishankara, A. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA. [Dawson, John P.; Winner, Darrell A.] US EPA, Arlington, VA USA. RP Dawson, JP (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NCER, 1200 Penn Ave NW,8726P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM dawson.john@epa.gov RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2012 VL 50 BP 387 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.048 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909JP UT WOS:000301561100044 ER PT J AU Harkness, M Fisher, A Lee, MD Mack, EE Payne, JA Dworatzek, S Roberts, J Acheson, C Herrmann, R Possolo, A AF Harkness, Mark Fisher, Angela Lee, Michael D. Mack, E. Erin Payne, Jo Ann Dworatzek, Sandra Roberts, Jeff Acheson, Carolyn Herrmann, Ronald Possolo, Antonio TI Use of statistical tools to evaluate the reductive dechlorination of high levels of TCE in microcosm studies SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioremediation; Trichloroethene; DNAPL; Microcosm study; Statistics ID CHLOROETHENE-CONTAMINATED SITES; NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUIDS; SOLVENT SOURCE ZONES; VINYL-CHLORIDE; ENRICHMENT CULTURE; ELECTRON-DONORS; TETRACHLOROETHENE DNAPL; QUANTITATIVE-EVALUATION; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES AB A large, multi-laboratory microcosm study was performed to select amendments for supporting reductive dechlorination of high levels of trichloroethylene (TCE) found at an industrial site in the United Kingdom (UK) containing dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) TCE. The study was designed as a fractional factorial experiment involving 177 bottles distributed between four industrial laboratories and was used to assess the impact of six electron donors, bioaugmentation, addition of supplemental nutrients, and two TCE levels (0.57 and 1.90 mM or 75 and 250 mg/L in the aqueous phase) on ICE dechlorination. Performance was assessed based on the concentration changes of ICE and reductive dechlorination degradation products. The chemical data was evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and survival analysis techniques to determine both main effects and important interactions for all the experimental variables during the 203-day study. The statistically based design and analysis provided powerful tools that aided decision-making for field application of this technology. The analysis showed that emulsified vegetable oil (EVO), lactate, and methanol were the most effective electron donors, promoting rapid and complete dechlorination of ICE to ethene. Bioaugmentation and nutrient addition also had a statistically significant positive impact on ICE dechlorination. In addition, the microbial community was measured using phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) for quantification of total biomass and characterization of the community structure and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for enumeration of Dehalococcoides organisms (Dhc) and the vinyl chloride reductase (vcrA) gene. The highest increase in levels of total biomass and Dhc was obierved in the EVO microcosms, which correlated well with the dechlorination results. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Harkness, Mark; Fisher, Angela] GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Lee, Michael D.] Terra Syst Inc, Wilmington, DE 19809 USA. [Mack, E. Erin] DuPont Corp Remediat Grp, Newark, DE 19714 USA. [Payne, Jo Ann] DuPont Co Inc, Newark, DE 19714 USA. [Dworatzek, Sandra; Roberts, Jeff] SiREM, Guelph, ON N1G 5G3, Canada. [Acheson, Carolyn; Herrmann, Ronald] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Possolo, Antonio] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Harkness, M (reprint author), GE Global Res, 1 Res Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM harkness@crd.ge.com; angela.fisher@research.ge.com; mlee@terrasystems.net; elizabeth-erin.mack@usa.dupont.com; Jo-Ann.Payne@usa.dupont.com; sdworatzek@siremlab.com; jroberts@siremlab.com; Acheson.Carolyn@epa.gov; Herrmann.Ronald@epa.gov; antonio.possolo@nist.gov FU BBSRC; DTI; Environment Agency; EPSRC; NERC; SERDP (US Department of Defense) FX Project SABRE is being undertaken by a collaborative team comprising: Acetate Products; Archon Environmental; British Geological Survey; Chevron; CL:AIRE: DuPont; Environment Agency (England and Wales), ESI; General Electric; Geosyntec Consultants; Golder Associates; Honeywell; ICI; Scientifics; SiREM: Shell; Terra Systems; University of Edinburgh; University of Sheffield: and US EPA. SABRE is a UK DTI Bioremediation LINK project with specific funding contributions made by BBSRC, DTI, the Environment Agency, EPSRC and NERC. Additional funding has been provided by SERDP (US Department of Defense). The SABRE team gratefully acknowledges these supporting organizations and the in-kind and direct financial contributions made by each team member. The authors also thank Scientific Advisory Panel member Perry McCarty for his helpful suggestions during the study and Mark Fitzgerald of Neptune and Company for his statistical analysis of the total biomass data. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 131 IS 1-4 BP 100 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2012.01.011 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 926QK UT WOS:000302845800009 PM 22366331 ER PT J AU Shindo, S Sakuma, T Negishi, M Squires, J AF Shindo, Sawako Sakuma, Tsutomu Negishi, Masahiko Squires, James TI Phosphorylation of serine 212 confers novel activity to human estrogen receptor alpha SO STEROIDS LA English DT Article DE Estrogen receptor; Phosphorylation; DNA binding domain; Gene expression; Nuclear receptor CAR ID CAR AB Estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) can be phosphorylated at various residues, one of which is serine 212 in the DNA binding domain. The majority of human nuclear receptors conserves, as a motif, this serine residue within their DNA binding domain. Among these nuclear receptors, phosphorylation of the corresponding threonine 38 in the nuclear receptor CAR is essential for determining its activity [9]. Here, we have investigated the role of phosphorylated serine 212 in the regulation of ER alpha activity by comparing it with serine 236, another potential phosphorylation site within the DNA binding domain, and demonstrated that phosphorylation of serine 212 confers upon ER alpha a distinct activity regulating gene expression in Huh-7 cells. In Western blot analysis, wild type ER alpha and mutants ER alpha S212A, ER alpha S212D, ER alpha S236A and ER alpha S236D were equally expressed in the nucleus, thus indicating that phosphorylation does not determine nuclear localization of ER alpha. ER alpha S212D, but not ER alpha S236D, retained its capability of activating an ERE-reporter gene in luciferase assays. Similar results were also obtained for human ER beta: the ER beta S176D mutant retained its trans-activation activity, but the ER beta S200D mutant did not. cDNA microarray and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, employed on Huh-7 cells ectopically expressing either ER alpha S212A or ER alpha S212D, revealed that phosphorylation of serine 212 enabled ER alpha to regulate a unique set of genes and cellular functions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shindo, Sawako; Sakuma, Tsutomu; Negishi, Masahiko; Squires, James] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacogenet Sect, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Negishi, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacogenet Sect, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM negishi@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01ES1005-01] FX We thank the laboratory of Dr. Ken Korach at NIEHS for kindly providing us with human ER alpha and ER beta plasmids as well as for useful suggestions. We also thank Dr. Kosuke Saito for ANOVA analysis and the DNA sequencing and cDNA microarray cores of NIEHS for their assistance. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Z01ES1005-01. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0039-128X J9 STEROIDS JI Steroids PD APR PY 2012 VL 77 IS 5 BP 448 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.01.001 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 929RU UT WOS:000303084000013 PM 22266331 ER PT J AU Shi, M Murray, JC Marazita, ML Munger, RG Ruczinski, I Hetmanski, JB Wu, T Murray, T Redett, RJ Wilcox, AJ Lie, RT Jabs, EW Wu-Chou, YH Chen, PK Wang, H Ye, XQ Yeow, V Chong, SS Shi, B Christensen, K Scott, AF Patel, P Cheah, F Beaty, TH AF Shi, Min Murray, Jeffrey C. Marazita, Mary L. Munger, Ronald G. Ruczinski, Ingo Hetmanski, Jacqueline B. Wu, Tao Murray, Tanda Redett, Richard J. Wilcox, Allen J. Lie, Rolv T. Jabs, Ethylin Wang Wu-Chou, Yah Huei Chen, Philip K. Wang, Hong Ye, Xiaoqian Yeow, Vincent Chong, Samuel S. Shi, Bing Christensen, Kaare Scott, Alan F. Patel, Poorav Cheah, Felicia Beaty, Terri H. TI Genome Wide Study of Maternal and Parent-of-Origin Effects on the Etiology of Orofacial Clefts SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE GWAS; CL/P; CP; maternal genes; parent-of-origin; family-based study; association study ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; 4 POPULATIONS; FLIP-FLOP; PALATE; LIP; GENE; ASSOCIATION; RISK; TRANSMISSION; REVEALS AB We performed a genome wide association analysis of maternally-mediated genetic effects and parent-of-origin (POO) effects on risk of orofacial clefting (OC) using over 2,000 case-parent triads collected through an international cleft consortium. We used log-linear regression models to test individual SNPs. For SNPs with a P-value <10(-5) for maternal genotypic effects, we also applied a haplotype-based method, TRIMM, to extract potential information from clusters of correlated SNPs. None of the SNPs were significant at the genome wide level. Our results suggest neither maternal genome nor POO effects play major roles in the etiology of OC in our sample. This finding is consistent with previous genetic studies and recent population-based cohort studies in Norway and Denmark, which showed no apparent difference between mother-to-offspring and father-to-offspring recurrence of clefting. We, however, cannot completely rule out maternal genome or POO effects as risk factors because very small effects might not be detectable with our sample size, they may influence risk through interactions with environmental exposures or may act through a more complex network of interacting genes. Thus, the most promising SNPs identified by this study may still be worth further investigation. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Shi, Min] NIEHS, Biostat Branch, NIH, Durham, NC USA. [Murray, Jeffrey C.] Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Marazita, Mary L.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Dent Med, Dept Oral Biol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Munger, Ronald G.] Utah State Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Ruczinski, Ingo] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hetmanski, Jacqueline B.; Wu, Tao; Murray, Tanda; Patel, Poorav; Beaty, Terri H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Wu, Tao; Wang, Hong] Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Redett, Richard J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Plast Surg, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Wilcox, Allen J.] NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch N, NIH, Durham, NC USA. [Lie, Rolv T.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biostat, Bergen, Norway. [Jabs, Ethylin Wang; Scott, Alan F.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Med Genet, Baltimore, MD USA. [Jabs, Ethylin Wang; Ye, Xiaoqian] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Genet & Genom Sci, New York, NY USA. [Wu-Chou, Yah Huei; Chen, Philip K.] Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Human Mol Genet Lab, Tao Yuan, Taiwan. [Ye, Xiaoqian] Wuhan Univ, Sch Stomatol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Yeow, Vincent] KK Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Plast Reconstruct & Anesthet Surg, Singapore, Singapore. [Chong, Samuel S.; Cheah, Felicia] Natl Univ Singapore, Natl Univ Hosp, Deparment Pediat, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Shi, Bing] Sichuan Univ, W China Sch Stomatol, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. [Christensen, Kaare] Univ So Denmar, Odense, Denmark. RP Shi, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Mail Drop A3-03 101-A352, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM shi2@niehs.nih.gov RI Christensen, Kaare/C-2360-2009; Chong, Samuel/D-8098-2015; OI Christensen, Kaare/0000-0002-5429-5292; Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311; Jabs, Ethylin/0000-0001-8983-5466 FU National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research [U01-DE-018993, U01-DE-004425]; National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research [R21-DE-013707, R37-DE-08559, R01-DE-014581]; International Consortium to Identify Genes & Interactions Controlling Oral Clefts; TH Beaty, PI; NIH [D43 TW06176]; NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX Grant sponsor: National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research; Grant number: U01-DE-018993; Grant sponsor: National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research; Grant numbers: R21-DE-013707, R37-DE-08559, R01-DE-014581.; We sincerely thank all of the families at each recruitment site for participating in this study, and we gratefully acknowledge the invaluable assistance of clinical, field, and laboratory staff who contributed in making this work possible. The International Cleft Consortium including genotyping and analysis was supported by the National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research through U01-DE-004425; "International Consortium to Identify Genes & Interactions Controlling Oral Clefts", 2007-2009; TH Beaty, PI. This research was supported by R21-DE-013707, R37-DE-08559, R01-DE-014581 from the National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research. T. W. is supported by the International Collaborative Genetics Research Training Program (ICGRTP), NIH D43 TW06176. This research was also supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. We thank the Smile Train Foundation for supporting cleft research in China and Operation Smile for research in the Philippines. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD APR PY 2012 VL 158A IS 4 BP 784 EP 794 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.35257 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 922JW UT WOS:000302544200014 PM 22419666 ER PT J AU Auten, RL Gilmour, MI Krantz, QT Potts, EN Mason, SN Foster, WM AF Auten, Richard L. Gilmour, M. Ian Krantz, Q. Todd Potts, Erin N. Mason, S. Nicholas Foster, W. Michael TI Maternal Diesel Inhalation Increases Airway Hyperreactivity in Ozone-Exposed Offspring (Retracted article. See vol. 52, pg. 523, 2012) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Retracted Publication DE diesel; fetal inflammation; ozone; airway hyperreactivity ID EARLY POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; INFLAMMATORY LUNG INJURY; ALVEOLAR DEVELOPMENT; NEWBORN RATS; MICE; EXHAUST; ASTHMA; PARTICLES; HYPEROXIA; RESPONSES AB Air pollutant exposure is linked with childhood asthma incidence and exacerbations, and maternal exposure to airborne pollutants during pregnancy increases airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in offspring. To determine if exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) during pregnancy worsened postnatal ozone-induced AHR, timed pregnant C57BL/6 mice were exposed to DE (0.5 or 2.0 mg/m(3)) 4 hours daily from Gestation Day 9-17, or received twice-weekly oropharyngeal aspirations of the collected DE particles (DEPs). Placentas and fetal lungs were harvested on Gestation Day 18 for cytokine analysis. In other litters, pups born to dams exposed to air or DE, or to dams treated with aspirated diesel particles, were exposed to filtered air or 1 ppm ozone beginning the day after birth, for 3 hours per day, 3 days per week for 4 weeks. Additional pups were monitored after a 4-week recovery period. Diesel inhalation or aspiration during pregnancy increased levels of placental and fetal lung cytokines. There were no significant effects on airway leukocytes, but prenatal diesel augmented ozone-induced elevations of bronchoalveolar lavage cytokines at 4 weeks. Mice born to the high-concentration diesel-exposed dams had worse ozone-induced AHR, which persisted in the 4-week recovery animals. Prenatal diesel exposure combined with postnatal ozone exposure also worsened secondary alveolar crest development. We conclude that maternal inhalation of DE in pregnancy provokes a fetal inflammatory response that, combined with postnatal ozone exposure, impairs alveolar development, and causes a more severe and long-lasting AHR to ozone exposure. C1 [Auten, Richard L.; Mason, S. Nicholas] Duke Univ, Dept Pediat Neonatal Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Potts, Erin N.; Foster, W. Michael] Duke Univ, Dept Med Pulm Crit Care Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Gilmour, M. Ian; Krantz, Q. Todd] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Auten, RL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Pediat Neonatal Med, DUMC Box 3373, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM auten@duke.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Children's Environmental Health Center [RD 83329301]; National Institutes of Health [ES-016347] FX This work was supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Children's Environmental Health Center Award RD 83329301, and by National Institutes of Health grant ES-016347. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1044-1549 EI 1535-4989 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 454 EP 460 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0256OC PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 924LC UT WOS:000302691900006 PM 22052876 ER PT J AU Howden, R Cho, HY Miller-DeGraff, L Walker, C Clark, JA Myers, PH Rouse, DC Kleeberger, SR AF Howden, Reuben Cho, Hye-Youn Miller-DeGraff, Laura Walker, Christopher Clark, James A. Myers, Page H. Rouse, D. Clay Kleeberger, Steven R. TI Cardiac Physiologic and Genetic Predictors of Hyperoxia-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heart rate; hyperoxia; genome-wide mapping ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; NRF2; RESPONSES; STRESS; OXYGEN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INHALATION; INDUCTION; DYSPLASIA; PROTEINS AB Exposure of mice to hyperoxia produces pulmonary toxicity similar to acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, but little is known about the interactions within the cardiopulmonary system. This study was designed to characterize the cardiopulmonary response to hyperoxia, and to identify candidate susceptibility genes in mice. Electrocardiogram and ventilatory data were recorded continuously from 4 inbred and 29 recombinant inbred strains during 96 hours of hyperoxia (100% oxygen). Genome-wide linkage analysis was performed in 27 recombinant inbred strains against response time indices (TIs) calculated from each cardiac phenotype. Reductions in minute ventilation, heart rate (HR), low-frequency(LF) HR variability (HRV), high-frequency HRV, and total power HRV were found in all mice during hyperoxia exposure, but the lag time before these changes began was strain dependent. Significant (chromosome 9) or suggestive (chromosomes 3 and 5) quantitative trait loci were identified for the HRTI and LFTI. Functional polymorphisms in several candidate susceptibility genes were identified within the quantitative trait loci and were associated with hyperoxia susceptibility. This is the first study to report highly significant interstrain variation in hyperoxia-induced changes in minute ventilation, HR, and HRV, and to identify polymorphisms in candidate susceptibility genes that associate with cardiac responses. Results indicate that changes in HR and LF HRV could be important predictors of subsequent adverse outcome during hyperoxia exposure, specifically the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Understanding the genetic mechanisms of these responses may have significant diagnostic clinical value. C1 [Howden, Reuben] Univ N Carolina, Dept Kinesiol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Cho, Hye-Youn; Miller-DeGraff, Laura; Walker, Christopher; Kleeberger, Steven R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Clark, James A.; Myers, Page H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Comparat Med Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Rouse, D. Clay] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Lab Anim Resources, Durham, NC USA. RP Howden, R (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Kinesiol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM rhowden@uncc.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 470 EP 478 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0204OC PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 924LC UT WOS:000302691900008 PM 22052878 ER PT J AU Schecter, A Malik-Bass, N Calafat, AM Kato, K Colacino, JA Gent, TL Hynan, LS Harris, TR Malla, S Birnbaum, L AF Schecter, Arnold Malik-Bass, Noor Calafat, Antonia M. Kato, Kayoko Colacino, Justin A. Gent, Tyra L. Hynan, Linda S. Harris, T. Robert Malla, Sunitha Birnbaum, Linda TI Polyfluoroalkyl Compounds in Texas Children from Birth through 12 Years of Age SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE blood; children; infants; PFC; PFOA; PFOS; polyfluoroalkyl compounds; United States ID PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID PFOA; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; NHANES 1999-2000; SULFONATE PFOS; BLOOD-SAMPLES; US POPULATION; HUMAN-MILK; CHEMICALS AB BACKGROUND: For > 50 years, polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) have been used worldwide, mainly as surfactants and emulsifiers, and human exposure to some PFCs is widespread. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to report PFC serum concentrations from a convenience sample of Dallas, Texas, children from birth to < 13 years of age, and to examine age and sex differences in PFC concentrations. METHODS: We analyzed 300 serum samples collected in 2009 for eight PFCs by online solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were detected in > 92% of participants; the other PFCs measured were detected less frequently. Overall median concentrations of PFOS (4.1 ng/mL) were higher than those for PFOA (2.85 ng/mL), PFNA (1.2 ng/mL), and PFHxS (1.2 ng/mL). For PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS, we found no significant differences (p < 0.05) by sex, significantly increasing concentrations for all four chemicals by age, and significantly positive correlations between all four compounds. CONCLUSIONS: We found no significant differences in the serum concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS by sex, but increasing concentrations with age. Our results suggest that these 300 Texas children from birth through 12 years of age continued to be exposed to several PFCs in late 2009, years after changes in production of some PFCs in the United States. C1 [Schecter, Arnold; Malik-Bass, Noor; Gent, Tyra L.; Harris, T. Robert; Malla, Sunitha] Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.; Kato, Kayoko] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Colacino, Justin A.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hynan, Linda S.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Clin Sci Biostat, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Hynan, Linda S.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Psychiat, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Schecter, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth, 6011 Harry Hines Blvd,V8-112, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM arnold.schecter@utsouthwestern.edu OI Hynan, Linda/0000-0002-4642-7769 FU CDC; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH [T32 ES007062] FX This study was supported primarily by the CDC and involved the CDC, CMC Dallas, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, the University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas Campus, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Support for J. Colacino was provided by an Institutional Training Grant from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH (T32 ES007062). NR 46 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 37 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2012 VL 120 IS 4 BP 590 EP 594 DI 10.1289/ehp.1104325 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 921KJ UT WOS:000302476200032 PM 22182702 ER PT J AU Jusko, TA Sonneborn, D Palkovicova, L Kocan, A Drobna, B Trnovec, T Hertz-Picciotto, I AF Jusko, Todd A. Sonneborn, Dean Palkovicova, Lubica Kocan, Anton Drobna, Beata Trnovec, Tomas Hertz-Picciotto, Irva TI Pre- and Postnatal Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations and Longitudinal Measures of Thymus Volume in Infants SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE atrophy; cohort; epidemiology; immune; Roma; T cell ID RECEPTOR-DEFICIENT MICE; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; SONOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT; EASTERN SLOVAKIA; PCB EXPOSURE; HUMAN SERUM; SIZE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; DIOXINS; BIRTH AB BACKGROUND: Previously, we reported an association between higher maternal polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations and smaller thymus volume in newborns in a birth cohort residing in eastern Slovakia. OBJECTIVE: In the present report we address whether thymus volume at later ages is influenced by prenatal and early postnatal PCB exposure. METHODS: At the time of delivery, 1,134 mother-infant pairs were enrolled. Maternal and 6- and 16-month infant blood samples were collected and analyzed for 15 PCB congeners. Thymus volume was measured in infants shortly after birth and at ages 6 and 16 months using ultrasonography. RESULTS: Higher maternal PCB concentration was associated with reduced thymus volume at birth [a 0.21 SD reduction in thymus volume for an increase in total maternal PCB concentration from the 10th to the 90th percentile; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.37, -0.05], whereas maternal PCB concentration was not predictive of 6- and 16-month thymus volume. Six-month infant PCB concentration was associated with a 0.40 SD decrease in 6-month thymus volume (95% CI: -0.76, -0.04). There was also some suggestion that thymus volume at 16 months was positively associated with concurrent infant PCB concentration. CONCLUSIONS: The potential adverse effects of in utero PCB exposure on thymic development may extend beyond the neonatal period. Results from this highly exposed cohort provide suggestive evidence that postnatal PCB concentrations may be influential, but a smaller set of 6-month PCB measurements limited statistical power at that time point. Implications regarding impaired immunologic maturation or long-term clinical implications remain to be determined. C1 [Jusko, Todd A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Sonneborn, Dean; Hertz-Picciotto, Irva] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Div Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Palkovicova, Lubica; Trnovec, Tomas] Slovak Med Univ, Dept Environm Med, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Kocan, Anton; Drobna, Beata] Slovak Med Univ, Dept Tox Organ Pollutants, Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Jusko, TA (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, POB 12233,MD A3-05,111 TW Alexander Dr,Rall Bldg, Durham, NC 27709 USA. EM todd.jusko@nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health [U01-ES016127, R01-CA096525, R03-TW007152, R01-ES015359]; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; ENVIRISK of the European Commission [SSPI044232]; U.S. State Department FX This research received support from National Institutes of Health grants U01-ES016127, R01-CA096525, R03-TW007152, and R01-ES015359 and from the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Funding was also provided by ENVIRISK grant SSPI044232 of the European Commission and by a Fulbright Grant from the U.S. State Department. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2012 VL 120 IS 4 BP 595 EP 600 DI 10.1289/ehp.1104229 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 921KJ UT WOS:000302476200033 PM 22275729 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ Schladweiler, MC Krantz, T King, C Kodavanti, UP AF Gordon, Christopher J. Schladweiler, Mette C. Krantz, Todd King, Charly Kodavanti, Urmila P. TI Cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses of unrestrained rats exposed to filtered or unfiltered diesel exhaust SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; diesel exhaust particles; gas-phase components; cardiac contractility; body temperature; blood pressure; heart rate ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; APOE(-/-) MICE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; TRAFFIC EXPOSURE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HEALTHY RATS; INHALATION; PARTICLES; EMISSIONS AB Diesel exhaust has been associated with adverse cardiovascular and pulmonary health effects. The relative contributions of the gas phase and particulate components of diesel exhaust are less well understood. We exposed telemetered Wistar-Kyoto rats to air or diesel exhaust that was either filtered (F) or unfiltered [gas-phase plus diesel exhaust particles (DEP)], containing similar to 1.9 mg/m(3) of particulate matter for 5 h/day; 5 days/week for 4 consecutive weeks. Blood pressure (BP), core temperature (T-c), heart rate (HR), and cardiac contractility (CC) estimated by the QA interval were monitored by radiotelemetry during exposure as well as during a 2-week period of recovery. Pulmonary injury and inflammation markers were analysed after 2-day, and 4 weeks of exposure, and 2-week recovery. Exposure to F or DEP was associated with a trend for a reduction in BP during weeks 1, 2 and 4. A reduction in HR in the DEP group was apparent during week 4. Exposure to DEP but not F was associated with significant reduction in CC over weeks 1-4. There was also a slight elevation in T-c during DEP exposure. All telemetry parameters were normal during recovery at night and a 2-week recovery period. Neutrophilic inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was evident after 2 days and 4 weeks of exposure to F and DEP. There were no signs of inflammation after 2-week recovery. We found a significant decrease in CC and slight reduction in BP. Exposure to DEP and F is associated with pulmonary inflammation, and mild effects on HR, BP, and T-c but there is a marked effect of DEP on CC. C1 [Gordon, Christopher J.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Schladweiler, Mette C.; Krantz, Todd; King, Charly; Kodavanti, Urmila P.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gordon, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD B143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Gordon.christopher@epa.gov NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 24 IS 5 BP 296 EP 309 DI 10.3109/08958378.2012.670811 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 922QU UT WOS:000302563800005 PM 22486347 ER PT J AU Shannahan, JH Kodavanti, UP Brown, JM AF Shannahan, Jonathan H. Kodavanti, Urmila P. Brown, Jared M. TI Manufactured and airborne nanoparticle cardiopulmonary interactions: a review of mechanisms and the possible contribution of mast cells SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Mast cell; IL-33; LOX-1; RAGE; particulate matter ID SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; ULTRAFINE CARBON PARTICLES; TERM INHALATION EXPOSURE; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; VANILLOID RECEPTOR TRPV1 AB Human inhalation exposures to manufactured nanoparticles (NP) and airborne ultrafine particles (UFP) continues to increase in both occupational and environmental settings. UFP exposures have been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, while ongoing research supports adverse systemic and cardiovascular health effects after NP exposures. Adverse cardiovascular health effects include alterations in heart rate variability, hypertension, thrombosis, arrhythmias, increased myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis. Exactly how UFP and NP cause these negative cardiovascular effects is poorly understood, however a variety of mediators and mechanisms have been proposed. UFP and NP, as well as their soluble components, are known to systemically translocate from the lung. Translocated particles could mediate cardiovascular toxicity through direct interactions with the vasculature, blood, and heart. Recent study suggests that sensory nerve stimulation within the lung may also contribute to UFP-and NP-induced acute cardiovascular alterations. Activation of sensory nerves, such as C-fibers, within the lung may result in altered cardiac rhythm and function. Lastly, release of pulmonary-derived mediators into systemic circulation has been proposed to facilitate cardiovascular effects. In general, these proposed pulmonary-derived mediators include proinflammatory cytokines, oxidatively modified macromolecules, vasoactive proteins, and prothrombotic factors. These pulmonary-derived mediators have been postulated to contribute to the subsequent prothrombotic, atherogenic, and inflammatory effects after exposure. This review will evaluate the potential contribution of individual mediators and mechanisms in facilitating cardiopulmonary toxicity following inhalation of UFP and NP. Lastly, we will appraise the literature and propose a hypothesis regarding the possible role of mast cells in contributing to these systemic effects. C1 [Shannahan, Jonathan H.; Brown, Jared M.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. [Kodavanti, Urmila P.] US EPA, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Shannahan, JH (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Brody Sch Med, 600 Moye Blvd, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. EM shannahanj@ecu.edu; brownja@ecu.edu FU NIH [RO1 ES019311] FX This work was funded by NIH RO1 ES019311 (JMB). NR 189 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 28 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 24 IS 5 BP 320 EP 339 DI 10.3109/08958378.2012.668229 PG 20 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 922QU UT WOS:000302563800007 PM 22486349 ER PT J AU Bowden, JH Otte, TL Nolte, CG Otte, MJ AF Bowden, Jared H. Otte, Tanya L. Nolte, Christopher G. Otte, Martin J. TI Examining Interior Grid Nudging Techniques Using Two-Way Nesting in the WRF Model for Regional Climate Modeling SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; 1988 DROUGHT; AIR-QUALITY; PART I; SIMULATIONS; REANALYSIS; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTION; SYSTEM AB This study evaluates interior nudging techniques using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for regional climate modeling over the conterminous United States (CONUS) using a two-way nested configuration. NCEP-Department of Energy Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-II) Reanalysis (R-2) data are downscaled to 36 km x 36 km by nudging only at the lateral boundaries, using gridpoint (i.e., analysis) nudging and using spectral nudging. Seven annual simulations are conducted and evaluated for 1988 by comparing 2-m temperature, precipitation, 500-hPa geopotential height, and 850-hPa meridional wind to the 32-km North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). Using interior nudging reduces the mean biases for those fields throughout the CONUS compared to the simulation without interior nudging. The predictions of 2-m temperature and fields aloft behave similarly when either analysis or spectral nudging is used. For precipitation, however, analysis nudging generates monthly precipitation totals, and intensity and frequency of precipitation that are closer to observed fields than spectral nudging. The spectrum of 250-hPa zonal winds simulated by the WRF model is also compared to that of the R-2 and NARR. The spatial variability in the WRF model is reduced by using either form of interior nudging, and analysis nudging suppresses that variability more strongly than spectral nudging. Reducing the nudging strengths on the inner domain increases the variability but generates larger biases. The results support the use of interior nudging on both domains of a two-way nest to reduce error when the inner nest is not otherwise dominated by the lateral boundary forcing. Nevertheless, additional research is required to optimize the balance between accuracy and variability in choosing a nudging strategy. C1 [Bowden, Jared H.; Otte, Tanya L.; Nolte, Christopher G.; Otte, Martin J.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bowden, JH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, CB 6116,137 E Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jhbowden@unc.edu RI Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012; OI Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965; Spero, Tanya/0000-0002-1600-0422 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development FX The authors thank BrianEder (U.S. EPA) and two anonymous reviewers for their technical reviews of this manuscript. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the agency's administrative review and approved for publication. NR 32 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 8 BP 2805 EP 2823 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00167.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 925UN UT WOS:000302787300013 ER PT J AU Virkutyte, J Al-Abed, SR AF Virkutyte, Jurate Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI Statistical evaluation of potential damage to the Al(OH)(3) layer on nTiO(2) particles in the presence of swimming pool and seawater SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SEM-EDS; HR-TEM; Nanosized TiO2 particles; Al(OH)(3) coating; Sunscreen lotions; Nanotechnology; Environmental and health effects ID X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; PARTICULATE MATTER; EDX ANALYSIS; SUNSCREENS; SEM AB Nanosized TiO2 particles (nTiO(2)) are usually coated with an Al(OH)(3) layer when used in sunscreen to shield against the harmful effects of free radicals that are generated when these particles are exposed to UV radiation. Therefore, it is vital to insure the structural stability of these particles in the environment where the protective layer may be damaged and adverse health and environmental effects can occur. This study utilized X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS) to provide a qualitative and semi-quantitative assessment of the chemical and physical characteristics of Al(OH) 3-coated original and damaged nTiO2 particles (used in sunscreen lotion formulations) in the presence of both swimming pool and seawater. Also, by utilizing statistical tools, a distribution of Al/Ti (%) on the particle surface was determined and evaluated. It was found that 45 min of treatment with swimming pool and seawater significantly induced the redistribution of Al/Ti (%), which changed the surface characteristics of particles and, therefore, may have induced undesired photo-activity and the consequent formation of free radicals. C1 [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Virkutyte, Jurate] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio FX This research was funded and conducted by the National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio. This paper has not been subjected to internal policy review of the U.S. EPA. Therefore, the research results do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency or its policy. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 EI 1572-896X J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 14 IS 4 AR 787 DI 10.1007/s11051-012-0787-7 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 923TA UT WOS:000302641000029 ER PT J AU Bellinger, BJ Van Mooy, BAS AF Bellinger, Brent J. Van Mooy, Benjamin A. S. TI NONPHOSPHORUS LIPIDS IN PERIPHYTON REFLECT AVAILABLE NUTRIENTS IN THE FLORIDA EVERGLADES, USA SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE betaine lipid; everglades; oligotrophic; periphyton; phospholipid; sulfolipid ID SULFOLIPID SULFOQUINOVOSYL DIACYLGLYCEROL; PHOSPHATE DEPRIVATION; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; THYLAKOID MEMBRANES; BETAINE LIPIDS; ACIDIC LIPIDS; ARABIDOPSIS; PHOSPHORUS; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Algal and plant production of nonphosphorus lipids in place of phospholipids is a physiological response to low phosphorus (P) availability. This response has been shown in culture and in marine plankton studies, but examples from freshwater algae remain minimal. Herein, we analyzed the nutrient contents and lipid composition of periphyton communities across the Florida Everglades ecosystem. We hypothesized that in phosphate-poor areas, periphyton in high- and low-sulfate waters would vary the proportion of sulfolipids (SLs) and betaine lipids (BLs), respectively. In phosphate-enriched areas, periphyton would produce more phospholipids (PLs). We observed that at low-P sites, PLs were a minor lipid component. In cyanobacteria-dominated periphyton where sulfate was abundant, BLs were only slightly more abundant than SLs. However, in the low-P, low-sulfate area, periphyton were comprised to a greater degree green algae and diatoms, and BLs represented the majority of the total lipids. Even in a P-rich area, PLs were a small component of periphyton lipid profiles. Despite the phosphorus limitations of the Everglades, periphyton can develop tremendous biomass. Our results suggest a physiological response by periphyton to oligotrophic conditions whereby periphyton increase abundances of nonphosphorus lipids and have reduced proportions of PLs. C1 [Bellinger, Brent J.] Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, W Palm Beach, FL 33417 USA. [Van Mooy, Benjamin A. S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Bellinger, BJ (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM bellinger.brent@epa.gov FU NSF [OCE-1031143] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Scot Hagerthey for his insightful discussions about the experimental design, implications of the findings, and technical aspects of this project. We thank the labs of Dr. Todd Osborne (University of Florida) and Dr. J. William Louda (Florida Atlantic University) for sample analyses. We also thank Mr. Justin Ossolinksi and Dr. Helen Fredricks for assistance with lipid analyses, and Mr. James Beerens for providing the site map. B. A. S. V. M. was additionally supported by the NSF (OCE-1031143). NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 48 IS 2 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01125.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 921HE UT WOS:000302467900007 PM 27009720 ER PT J AU Kinsey, JS Timko, MT Herndon, SC Wood, EC Yu, ZH Miake-Lye, RC Lobo, P Whitefield, P Hagen, D Wey, C Anderson, BE Beyersdorf, AJ Hudgins, CH Thornhill, KL Winstead, E Howard, R Bulzan, DI Tacina, KB Knighton, WB AF Kinsey, John S. Timko, Michael T. Herndon, Scott C. Wood, Ezra C. Yu, Zhenhong Miake-Lye, Richard C. Lobo, Prem Whitefield, Philip Hagen, Donald Wey, Changlie Anderson, Bruce E. Beyersdorf, Andreas J. Hudgins, Charles H. Thornhill, K. Lee Winstead, Edward Howard, Robert Bulzan, Dan I. Tacina, Kathleen B. Knighton, W. Berk TI Determination of the emissions from an aircraft auxiliary power unit (APU) during the Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment (AAFEX) SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; JET FUEL; ENGINE; SPECIATION; EXHAUST; FLAMES AB The emissions from a Garrett-AiResearch (now Honeywell) Model GTCP85-98CK auxiliary power unit (APU) were determined as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment (AAFEX) using both JP-8 and a coal-derived Fischer Tropsch fuel (FT-2). Measurements were conducted by multiple research organizations for sulfur dioxide (SO2), total hydrocarbons (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), speciated gas-phase emissions, particulate matter (PM) mass and number black carbon, and speciated PM In addition, particle size distribution (PSD), number-based geometric mean particle diameter (GMD), and smoke number were also determined from the data collected. The results of the research showed PM mass emission indices (EIs) in the range of 20 to 700 mg/kg fuel and PM number EIs ranging from 0.5 x 10(15) to 5 x 10(15) particles/kg fuel depending on engine load and fuel type. In addition, significant reductions in both the SO2 and PM EIs were observed for the use of the FT fuel. These reductions were on the order of similar to 90% for SO2 and particle mass EIs and similar to 60% for the particle number El, with similar decreases observed for black carbon. Also, the size of the particles generated by JP-8 combustion are noticeably larger than those emitted by the APU burning the FT fuel with the geometric mean diameters ranging from 20 to 50 nm depending on engine load and fuel type. Finally, both particle-bound sulfate and organics were reduced during FT-2 combustion. The PM sulfate was reduced by nearly 100% due to lack of sulfur in the fuel, with the PM organics reduced by a factor of similar to 5 as compared with JP-8. Implications: The results of this research show that APUs can be, depending on the level of fuel usage, an important source of air pollutant emissions at major airports in urban areas. Substantial decreases in emissions can also be achieved through the use of Fischer Tropsch (FT) fuel. Based on these results, the use of FT fuel could be a viable future control strategy for both gas- and particle-phase air pollutants. Supplemental Data: Supplemental data is available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of the Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association for information on the test participants, description of the APU, fuel composition, sampling probes and instrumentation, test matrix, benzene to formaldehyde ratios, and speciated emissions by particle size. C1 [Kinsey, John S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Timko, Michael T.; Herndon, Scott C.; Wood, Ezra C.; Yu, Zhenhong; Miake-Lye, Richard C.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Hagen, Donald] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Excellence Aerosp Particulate Emiss Reduct Re, Cloud & Aerosol Sci Lab, Rolla, MO USA. [Wey, Changlie] NASA, ASRC Aerosp Corp, John Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Anderson, Bruce E.; Beyersdorf, Andreas J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Chem & Dynam Branch, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Hudgins, Charles H.; Thornhill, K. Lee; Winstead, Edward] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Howard, Robert] USAF, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN USA. [Knighton, W. Berk] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Bulzan, Dan I.; Tacina, Kathleen B.] NASA, Combust Branch, John Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Miake-Lye, Richard C.] Ctr AeroThermodynam, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Kinsey, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MD E343-02,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Kinsey, John/A-8335-2009; Beyersdorf, Andreas/N-1247-2013; Lobo, Prem/E-8860-2013 OI Lobo, Prem/0000-0003-0626-6646 FU Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); FAA/NASA/Transport Canada [07-C-NE-UMR]; NASA [NNC07CB57C] FX MST and Aerodyne were funded by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) through the Partnership for AiR Transportation for Noise and Emissions Reduction (PARTNER), an FAA/NASA/Transport Canada sponsored Center of Excellence, under Grant No. 07-C-NE-UMR Amendments 006 and 007 (Carl Ma, project manager). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the FAA. In addition, the Aerodyne PM measurements were supported through NASA Contract No. NNC07CB57C. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 2012 VL 62 IS 4 BP 420 EP 430 DI 10.1080/10473289.2012.655884 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 921UW UT WOS:000302504500006 PM 22616284 ER PT J AU Frohn, RC D'Amico, E Lane, C Autrey, B Rhodus, J Liu, HX AF Frohn, Robert C. D'Amico, Ellen Lane, Charles Autrey, Brad Rhodus, Justicia Liu, Hongxing TI Multi-temporal Sub-pixel Landsat ETM plus Classification of Isolated Wetlands in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Detection; Imagery; Mapping; Matched filtering ID GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED WETLANDS; OBJECT-ORIENTED CLASSIFICATION; SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; THEMATIC MAPPER IMAGERY; UNITED-STATES; SUBPIXEL CLASSIFICATION; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; CRYPTIC WETLANDS; GIS; PERSPECTIVE AB The goal of this research was to determine the utility of subpixel processing of multi-temporal Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data for the identification and mapping of isolated wetlands a parts per thousand yen 0.20 ha (0.50 acres) in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Segmentation and object-oriented analysis of Landsat ETM+ was used to map forested and emergent marsh isolated wetlands in Alachua County, Florida, previously; however, the isolated wetlands in our study area lacked the well-defined, high-contrast boundaries between wetland and surrounding upland needed to make this method successful. We developed a new methodology that incorporated Landsat ETM+; a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index mask; and subpixel matched filtering-which determines the apparent abundance of wetlands at subpixel levels in the presence of spectrally-mixed, unknown background through a partial unmixing algorithm-to map > 43 km(2) (16 mi(2)) of isolated wetlands in our 1,189 km(2) (459 mi(2)) study area. The final overall accuracy of the classification was 92.8%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.86; producer accuracy for isolated wetlands was 87.9% (omission error 12.1%) and user accuracy was 97.4% (commission error 2.6%). The subpixel matched filtering method used in this research appears to provide an effective means for mapping isolated wetlands a parts per thousand yen 0.20 ha, especially those with boundaries that are not easily identified. C1 [Lane, Charles; Autrey, Brad] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Frohn, Robert C.; D'Amico, Ellen; Rhodus, Justicia; Liu, Hongxing] US EPA, Dynamac Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Frohn, Robert C.; Liu, Hongxing] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Lane, C (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Lane.Charles@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development [EP-D-06-096] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract EP-D-06-096 to Dynamac Corporation. This paper has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. We received the DaRG dataset from the Cuyahoga River Community Planning Organization (Marie Sullivan, CRCPO GIS Expert, personal communication, August 2008), and Kevin Skerl provided the data from Cuyahoga Valley National Park. We appreciate the review and insightful comments provided by Ken Bailey, US EPA, and editing and formatting provided by Justicia Rhodus, Dynamac Corporation. NR 68 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD APR PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0254-8 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 915MR UT WOS:000302031800010 ER PT J AU Kaushik, R Balasubramanian, R de la Cruz, AA AF Kaushik, Rajni Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar de la Cruz, Armah A. TI Influence of Air Quality on the Composition of Microbial Pathogens in Fresh Rainwater SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; ROOF-HARVESTED RAINWATER; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; QUANTITATIVE PCR; RAPID DETECTION; SAMPLES; RUNOFF; COLI AB In this study, the microbiological quality of fresh rainwater was assessed from 50 rain events under tropical weather conditions for a year. The levels of four major opportunistic waterborne pathogens, namely, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aeromonas hydrophila, in rainwater samples were quantified by using a robust and sensitive quantitative PCR (qPCR) method. Of the 50 rainwater samples, 25 were found to be positive for at least one pathogen: 21 for E. coli, 16 for P. aeruginosa, 6 for K. pneumoniae, and 1 for A. hydrophila. In addition to the microbiological assessment of rainwater samples, we also studied the influence of prevailing air quality on the microbial quality of rainwater over the sampling period. A significant change in the diversity and relative abundance of the basic microbial indicator organisms in rainwater was observed during a major regional air pollution episode in Southeast Asia due to biomass-burning emissions. C1 [Kaushik, Rajni; Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Balasubramanian, R (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Singapore 117548, Singapore. EM ceerbala@nus.edu.sg RI Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar/C-2243-2011 OI Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar/0000-0002-5627-3628 FU Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore (NUS) [R-264-001-013-272] FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support and contributions of the Singapore-Delft Water Alliance (R-264-001-013-272), National University of Singapore (NUS), for this study. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 78 IS 8 BP 2813 EP 2818 DI 10.1128/AEM.07695-11 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 917BP UT WOS:000302147300036 PM 22327595 ER PT J AU Marfil-Vega, R Suidan, MT Mills, MA AF Marfil-Vega, Ruth Suidan, Makram T. Mills, Marc A. TI Assessment of the abiotic transformation of 17 beta-estradiol in the presence of vegetable matter - II: The role of molecular oxygen SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Estrogens; Abiotic reaction; Oxidative coupling; Wastewater; Oxic; Anoxic ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; SEX-HORMONES; ESTROGENS; REMOVAL; CONTAMINANTS; MANGANESE; ADSORPTION; OXIDATION; SORPTION; OXIDES AB This study characterizes the effect of oxygen in the abiotic transformation of estrogens when they are contacted with a surrogate of the vegetable wastes found in sewage. 17 beta-Estradiol (E2) and 17 beta-C-14(4)-estradiol (C-14-E2) were utilized as model compounds. Batch experiments were run under both oxic and anoxic conditions. In order to accomplish an accurate mass balance of the target estrogen, two analyses were performed simultaneously: first, radioactivity counting, and second, quantitation of E2 and C-14-E2, as well as their transformation product estrone and C-14(4)-estrone, by Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry. Under oxic conditions, the total concentration of C-14-E2 was found to decrease by 78% in 72 h (15% and 7% remained in the liquid and solid phases, respectively). Conversely, when the estrogens were contacted with the synthetic influent under anoxic conditions, E2 was quantitatively recovered after 72 h (70% and 22% in aqueous and solid matrices, correspondingly). These results suggest that when the concentration of dissolved oxygen is null or limited, catalysis through an oxidative coupling mechanism is halted. Moreover, it was confirmed that the catalytic reaction occurred solely in the presence of the solid phase of the model vegetable matter. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Suidan, Makram T.] Univ Cincinnati, Engn Res Ctr 701, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Mills, Marc A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Engn Res Ctr 701, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Makram.Suidan@uc.edu RI Mills, Marc/C-3449-2017 OI Mills, Marc/0000-0002-0169-3086 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD APR PY 2012 VL 87 IS 5 BP 521 EP 526 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.054 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 922CJ UT WOS:000302524100012 PM 22245058 ER PT J AU Tran, LT O'Neill, RV Smith, ER AF Tran, Liem T. O'Neill, Robert V. Smith, Elizabeth R. TI A watershed-based method for environmental vulnerability assessment with a case study of the Mid-Atlantic region SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Vulnerability assessment; Environmental indicators; Linear programming ID SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE; LAND-USE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRAMEWORK AB The paper presents a method for environmental vulnerability assessment with a case study of the Mid-Atlantic region. The method is based on the concept of "self-/peer-appraisal" of a watershed in term of vulnerability. The self-/peer-appraisal process is facilitated by two separate linear optimization programs. The analysis provided insights on the environmental conditions, in general, and the relative vulnerability pattern, in particular, of the Mid-Atlantic region. The suggested method offers a simple but effective and objective way to perform a regional environmental vulnerability assessment. Consequently the method can be used in various steps in environmental assessment and planning. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tran, Liem T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [O'Neill, Robert V.] OTIE & Associates, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Smith, Elizabeth R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Tran, LT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, 1000 Phillip Fulmer Way, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ltran1@utk.edu NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0195-9255 J9 ENVIRON IMPACT ASSES JI Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. PD APR PY 2012 VL 34 BP 58 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.eiar.2011.11.005 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912WO UT WOS:000301832300007 ER PT J AU Riitters, KH Wickham, JD Wade, TG Vogt, P AF Riitters, Kurt H. Wickham, James D. Wade, Timothy G. Vogt, Peter TI Global survey of anthropogenic neighborhood threats to conservation of grass-shrub and forest vegetation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Vulnerability assessment; Forest vegetation; Grass-shrub vegetation; Edge effects; Matrix effects; Anthropogenic effects ID LAND-USE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; LANDSCAPES; BIODIVERSITY; QUALITY; SCALE AB The conservation value of natural vegetation is degraded by proximity to anthropogenic land uses. Previous global assessments focused primarily on the amount of land protected or converted to anthropogenic uses, and on forest vegetation. Comparative assessments of extant vegetation in terms of proximity to anthropogenic land uses are needed to better inform conservation planning. We conducted a novel comparative survey of global forest and grass-shrub vegetation at risk of degradation owing to proximity of anthropogenic land uses. Using a global land cover map, risks were classified according to direct adjacency with anthropogenic land cover (adjacency risk), occurrence in anthropogenic neighborhoods (neighborhood risk), or either (combined risk). The survey results for adjacency risk and combined risk were summarized by ecoregions and biomes. Adjacency risk threatens 22 percent of global grass-shrub and 12 percent of forest vegetation, contributing to combined risk which threatens 31 percent of grass-shrub and 20 percent of forest vegetation. Of 743 ecoregions examined, adjacency risk threatens at least 50 percent of grass-shrub vegetation in 224 ecoregions compared to only 124 ecoregions for forest. The conservation threats posed by proximity to anthropogenic land cover are higher for grass-shrub vegetation than for forest vegetation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Riitters, Kurt H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wickham, James D.; Wade, Timothy G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Vogt, Peter] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. RP Riitters, KH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kriitters@fs.fed.us; wickham.james@epamail.epa.gov; wade.timothy@epamail.epa.gov; peter.vogt@jrc.ec.europa.eu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. The copyright of the GLOBCOVER source data is attributed to ESA/ESA GLOBCOVER Project, led by MEDIAS-France/POSTEL. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2012 VL 97 BP 116 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.11.009 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913TL UT WOS:000301900200015 PM 22260954 ER PT J AU Chiu, WHA Crump, KS AF Chiu, Weihsueh A. Crump, Kenny S. TI Using Copulas to Introduce Dependence in Dose-Response Modeling of Multiple Binary Endpoints SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Dependent binary response; Dependent tumor response; Multivariate normal distribution; Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model; Quantitative risk assessment ID CARCINOGENIC RISK-ASSESSMENT; REGRESSION-MODELS; ANIMAL DATA; DISTRIBUTIONS; UNCERTAINTY AB We propose a method for introducing dependence in the dose-response modeling of multiple dichotomous endpoints. The method uses a copula to define a joint multivariate distribution that is consistent with predetermined marginal distributions representing the individual dose-response functions for each endpoint. Use of copulas allows the marginal dose-response functions for each dose-endpoint combination to be unrestricted in form. An application of particular relevance to risk assessment is the dose-response modeling of multiple types of tumors in test animals exposed to a carcinogen, allowing for tumors at different sites in the same animal to be statistically dependent. In addition, the method can be used to address the possibility that different tissues/organs are subject to different internal doses and possibly different active moieties. These applications are illustrated with rodent cancer bioassay data from two example compounds. C1 [Chiu, Weihsueh A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Crump, Kenny S.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. RP Chiu, WHA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM chiu.weihsueh@epa.gov; KennyCrump@email.com NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD APR PY 2012 VL 17 IS 1 BP 107 EP 127 DI 10.1007/s13253-011-0078-2 PG 21 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 916AZ UT WOS:000302070300007 ER PT J AU Cowden, J Padnos, B Hunter, D MacPhail, R Jensen, K Padilla, S AF Cowden, John Padnos, Beth Hunter, Deborah MacPhail, Robert Jensen, Karl Padilla, Stephanie TI Developmental exposure to valproate and ethanol alters locomotor activity and retino-tectal projection area in zebrafish embryos SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Valproate; Ethanol; Zebrafish; Embryo; Locomotor activity; Retino-tectal projection; Brain development; Toxicity screening ID FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; CHEMICAL GENETICS; IN-VIVO; VISUAL FUNCTION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DRUG DISCOVERY; HUMAN-DISEASE; NEUROTOXICITY; TOXICITY; MODEL AB Given the minimal developmental neurotoxicity data available for the large number of new and existing chemicals, there is a critical need for alternative methods to identify and prioritize chemicals for further testing. We outline a developmental neurotoxicity screening approach using zebrafish embryos. Embryos were exposed to nominal concentrations of either valproate Or ethanol then examined for lethality, malformation, nervous system structure and locomotor activity. Developmental valproate exposure caused locomotor activity changes at concentrations that did not result in malformations and showed a concentration-dependent decrease in retino-tectal projection area in the optic tectum. Developmental ethanol exposure also affected retino-tectal projection area at concentrations below those concentrations causing malformations. As both valproate and ethanol are known human developmental neurotoxicants, these results add to the growing body of evidence showing the potential utility of zebrafish in screening compounds for mammalian developmental neurotoxicity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Cowden, John; Padnos, Beth; Hunter, Deborah; MacPhail, Robert; Jensen, Karl; Padilla, Stephanie] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Cowden, J (reprint author), US EPA, Hazardous Pollutants Assessment Grp, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk Div, Mail Drop B243-01, Durham, NC 27711 USA. EM cowden.john@epamail.epa.gov NR 66 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 33 IS 2 SI SI BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.11.111 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 917US UT WOS:000302204700006 PM 22244950 ER PT J AU Padilla, S Corum, D Padnos, B Hunter, DL Beam, A Houck, KA Sipes, N Kleinstreuer, N Knudsen, T Dix, DJ Reif, DM AF Padilla, S. Corum, D. Padnos, B. Hunter, D. L. Beam, A. Houck, K. A. Sipes, N. Kleinstreuer, N. Knudsen, T. Dix, D. J. Reif, D. M. TI Zebrafish developmental screening of the ToxCast (TM) Phase I chemical library SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zebrafish; Development; Concentration-response; ToxCast (TM); Octanol-water partition coefficient; Chemical class ID DANIO-RERIO EMBRYOS; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; CARRIER SOLVENTS; HUMAN-DISEASE; MODEL; TOXICITY; BIOCONCENTRATION AB Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an emerging toxicity screening model for both human health and ecology. As part of the Computational Toxicology Research Program of the U.S. EPA, the toxicity of the 309 ToxCast (TM) Phase I chemicals was assessed using a zebrafish screen for developmental toxicity. All exposures were by immersion from 6-8 h post fertilization (hpf) to 5 days post fertilization (dpf); nominal concentration range of 1 nM-80 mu M. On 6 dpf larvae were assessed for death and overt structural defects. Results revealed that the majority (62%) of chemicals were toxic to the developing zebrafish; both toxicity incidence and potency was correlated with chemical class and hydrophobicity (logP); and inter-and intra-plate replicates showed good agreement. The zebrafish embryo screen, by providing an integrated model of the developing vertebrate, compliments the ToxCast assay portfolio and has the potential to provide information relative to overt and organismal toxicity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Padilla, S.; Padnos, B.; Hunter, D. L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Corum, D.; Beam, A.; Houck, K. A.; Sipes, N.; Kleinstreuer, N.; Knudsen, T.; Dix, D. J.; Reif, D. M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Padilla, S (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div B105 03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27712 USA. EM Padilla.Stephanie@epa.gov OI Beam, Andrew/0000-0002-6657-2787 NR 82 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 55 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 33 IS 2 SI SI BP 174 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.10.018 PG 14 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 917US UT WOS:000302204700007 PM 22182468 ER PT J AU Keller, DA Juberg, DR Catlin, N Farland, WH Hess, FG Wolf, DC Doerrer, NG AF Keller, Douglas A. Juberg, Daland R. Catlin, Natasha Farland, William H. Hess, Frederick G. Wolf, Douglas C. Doerrer, Nancy G. TI Identification and Characterization of Adverse Effects in 21(st) Century Toxicology SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE adverse; adaptive; high data content assays; RPTC; RRR; 21(st) century toxicology ID 21ST-CENTURY; TOXICITY; VISION; HUMANS; FRAMEWORK; PARADIGM; INDUSTRY; STRESS; CANCER; VIEW AB The practice of toxicology is changing rapidly, as demonstrated by the response to the 2007 NRC report on "Toxicity Testing in the 21(st) Century." New assays are being developed to replace animal testing; yet the use of data from these assays in decision making is not clear. A Health and Environmental Sciences Institute committee held a May 2011 workshop to discuss approaches to identifying adverse effects in the context of the NRC report. Scientists from industry, government, academia, and NGOs discussed two case studies and explored how information from new, high data content assays developed for screening can be used to differentiate adverse effects from adaptive responses. The terms "adverse effect" and "adaptive response" were defined, as well as two new terms, the relevant pathways of toxicological concern (RPTCs) and relevant responses for regulation (RRRs). RPTCs are biochemical pathways associated with adverse events and need to be elucidated before they are used in regulatory decision making. RRRs are endpoints that are the basis for risk assessment and may or may not be at the level of pathways. Workshop participants discussed the criteria for determining whether, at the RPTC level, an effect is potentially adverse or potentially indicative of adaptability, and how the use of prototypical, data-rich compounds could lead to a greater understanding of RPTCs and their use as RRRs. Also discussed was the use of RPTCs in a weight-of-evidence approach to risk assessment. Inclusion of data at this level could decrease uncertainty in risk assessments but will require the use of detailed dosimetry and consideration of exposure context and the time and dose continuum to yield scientifically based decisions. The results of this project point to the need for an extensive effort to characterize RPTCs and their use in risk assessment to make the vision of the 2007 NRC report a reality. C1 [Doerrer, Nancy G.] ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Keller, Douglas A.] Sanofi US, Bridgewater, NJ 08807 USA. [Juberg, Daland R.] Dow AgroSci LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. [Catlin, Natasha] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Farland, William H.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hess, Frederick G.] BASF Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wolf, Douglas C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Doerrer, NG (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1156 15th St NW,Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM ndoerrer@hesiglobal.org OI Keller, Douglas/0000-0002-6186-2881 FU ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health FX ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute; the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health. NR 32 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 126 IS 2 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfr350 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 915FD UT WOS:000302008600001 PM 22262567 ER PT J AU Mondala, AH Hernandez, R French, T McFarland, L Domingo, JWS Meckes, M Ryu, H Iker, B AF Mondala, Andro H. Hernandez, Rafael French, Todd McFarland, Linda Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Meckes, Mark Ryu, Hodon Iker, Brandon TI Enhanced lipid and biodiesel production from glucose-fed activated sludge: Kinetics and microbial community analysis SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE energy; environmental engineering; fermentation; mathematical modeling; green engineering ID IN-SITU TRANSESTERIFICATION; C/N RATIO; POLYSACCHARIDES; MICROORGANISMS; FERMENTATION; ACCUMULATION; EXTRACTION; BACTERIA; BIOMASS; GROWTH AB An innovative approach to increase biofuel feedstock lipid yields from municipal sewage sludge via manipulation of carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio and glucose loading in activated sludge bioreactors was investigated. Sludge lipid and fatty acid methyl ester (biodiesel) yields (% cell dry weight, CDW) were enhanced via cultivation in activated sludge bioreactors operated at high initial C:N ratio (=40:1) and glucose loading (=40 g L-1). Under C:N 70, 60 g L-1 glucose loading, a maximum of 17.5 +/- 3.9 and 10.2 +/- 2.0% CDW lipid and biodiesel yields, respectively, were achieved after 7 d of cultivation. The cultured sludge lipids contained mostly C16C18 fatty acids, with oleic acid consistently accounting for 40-50% of the total fatty acids. Microbial composition in activated sludge exposed to C:N 70 shifted toward specific gammaproteobacteria, suggesting their relevance in lipid production in wastewater microbiota and potential value in biofuel synthesis applications. (C) 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012 C1 [Mondala, Andro H.; Hernandez, Rafael; French, Todd; McFarland, Linda] Mississippi State Univ, Dave C Swalm Sch Chem Engn, Renewable Fuels & Chem Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Domingo, Jorge W. Santo; Meckes, Mark; Ryu, Hodon; Iker, Brandon] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hernandez, R (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dave C Swalm Sch Chem Engn, Renewable Fuels & Chem Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rhernandez@che.msstate.edu; french@che.msstate.edu RI Ryu, Hodon/E-4610-2011 OI Ryu, Hodon/0000-0002-6992-2519 FU U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR-83361801] FX The authors would like to thank the U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regional Applied Research (RARE) program for providing the funding for this research. This paper was developed under Cooperative Agreement No. CR-83361801 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA made comments and suggestions on the document intended to improve the scientific analysis and technical accuracy of the document. However, the views expressed in this document are those of Mississippi State University and EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0001-1541 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD APR PY 2012 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1279 EP 1290 DI 10.1002/aic.12655 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 904VG UT WOS:000301225700024 ER PT J AU Custer, TW Custer, CM Thogmartin, WE Dummer, PM Rossmann, R Kenow, KP Meyer, MW AF Custer, Thomas W. Custer, Christine M. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Dummer, Paul M. Rossmann, Ronald Kenow, Kevin P. Meyer, Michael W. TI Mercury and other element exposure in tree swallows nesting at low pH and neutral pH lakes in northern Wisconsin USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Tree swallow; Metals; Elements; Wisconsin ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; WETLAND ACIDITY; METHYLMERCURY; BIRDS; RIVER; MASSACHUSETTS; TOXICITY; PATTERNS; VOLUME AB The primary objective of this study was to determine whether tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) demonstrate similar responses to lake pH and mercury (Hg) contamination in northern Wisconsin as do common loons (Gavia immer). Similar to common loons. Hg concentrations in the blood of tree swallow nestlings were higher, Hg concentrations in eggs tended to be higher, and egg size tended to be smaller at low (<6.2) pH lakes. In contrast to common loons, tree swallow nestling production was not lower at low pH lakes. Based on modeling associations, Hg concentrations in tree swallow eggs and nestling blood can be used to predict Hg concentrations in common loons without the invasive or destructive sampling of loons. Mean concentrations of cadmium, manganese, and mercury in nestling livers were higher at low pH lakes than neutral pH lakes. Concentrations of cadmium, chromium, mercury, selenium, and zinc were not at toxic levels. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Custer, Thomas W.; Custer, Christine M.; Thogmartin, Wayne E.; Dummer, Paul M.; Kenow, Kevin P.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Rossmann, Ronald] US EPA, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Meyer, Michael W.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Custer, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM tom_w_custer@usgs.gov; ccuster@usgs.gov; wthogmartin@usgs.gov; pdummer@usgs.gov; rossmann.ronald@epamail.epa.gov; kkenow@usgs.gov; meyerm@dnr.state.wi.us RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008; OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279; Kenow, Kevin/0000-0002-3062-5197; Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD APR PY 2012 VL 163 BP 68 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.12.017 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 907CM UT WOS:000301395400010 PM 22325433 ER PT J AU Szabo, JG Muhammad, N Heckman, L Rice, EW Hall, J AF Szabo, Jeffrey G. Muhammad, Nur Heckman, Lee Rice, Eugene W. Hall, John TI Germinant-Enhanced Decontamination of Bacillus Spores Adhered to Iron and Cement-Mortar Drinking Water Infrastructures SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CEREUS SPORES; CORRODED IRON; L-ALANINE; INACTIVATION; ANTHRACIS; SYSTEM; MODEL; PIPE; CHLORINATION; PERSISTENCE AB Germination was evaluated as an enhancement to decontamination methods for removing Bacillus spores from drinking water infrastructure. Germinating spores before chlorinating cement mortar or flushing corroded iron was more effective than chlorinating or flushing alone. C1 [Szabo, Jeffrey G.; Rice, Eugene W.; Hall, John] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Muhammad, Nur; Heckman, Lee] Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Szabo, JG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM szabo.jeff@epa.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 78 IS 7 BP 2449 EP 2451 DI 10.1128/AEM.07242-11 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 906KP UT WOS:000301344300044 PM 22267659 ER PT J AU Sikdar, SK AF Sikdar, Subhas K. TI Measuring sustainability SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sikdar, SK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 WML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sikdar.subhas@epa.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD APR PY 2012 VL 14 IS 2 BP 153 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s10098-012-0479-0 PG 2 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 909EK UT WOS:000301545100001 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Process intensification SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD APR PY 2012 VL 14 IS 2 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1007/s10098-012-0466-5 PG 6 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 909EK UT WOS:000301545100002 ER PT J AU Quist, EM Tanabe, M Mansell, JEKL Edwards, JL AF Quist, Erin M. Tanabe, Mika Mansell, Joanne E. K. L. Edwards, Jeffrey L. TI A case series of thermal scald injuries in dogs exposed to hot water from garden hoses (garden hose scalding syndrome) SO VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BURNS; SKIN; CATS AB In this report, we present a series of cases of thermal burns (scalds) in dogs resulting from exposure to hot water from a garden hose that had been lying in the sun. These dogs typically inhabited the southern and western regions of the USA, where the recorded high temperatures often exceed 32 degrees C (90 degrees F) during the warm summer months. Dogs with thermal scald injury in these cases presented with linear thermal burns along the dorsum, in addition to a variety of other macroscopic lesions that were dependent upon the degree of burn exposure and ranged from local erythema to ulcerated, necrotic and sloughing skin. Chronic, healed wounds were often alopecic, with markedly thickened skin and characteristically smooth and glassy scar tissue formation. Histologically, the lesions of thermal scald injury in these dogs were indistinguishable from any other second or third degree burn, and consisted of full-thickness dermal and epidermal necrosis with occasional fibrinoid necrosis of vessel walls, vasculitis and intravascular thrombosis. Here, we closely examine 10 cases of dogs with dorsal thermal burns collected from Texas, Arizona, California, Utah, Nevada, Indiana, Michigan and North Carolina and propose the term garden hose scalding syndrome (GHS) to describe this unique type of scald injury. C1 [Quist, Erin M.; Mansell, Joanne E. K. L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Tanabe, Mika; Edwards, Jeffrey L.] Antech Diagnost, Irvine, CA 92614 USA. RP Quist, EM (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NTP Pathol Grp, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM quiste@niehs.nih.gov OI mansell, joanne/0000-0001-6426-9867 FU Antech Diagnostics; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology at Texas A M University FX This study was funded by Antech Diagnostics and the Department of Veterinary Pathobiology at Texas A & M University. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0959-4493 J9 VET DERMATOL JI Vet. Dermatol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 23 IS 2 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2011.01015.x PG 6 WC Dermatology; Veterinary Sciences SC Dermatology; Veterinary Sciences GA 906MJ UT WOS:000301349000014 PM 22132799 ER PT J AU Yang, TM AF Yang, Tseming TI The Emerging Practice of Global Environmental Law SO TRANSNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW LA English DT Article DE Global Environmental Law; Environmental Law Practice; Legal Convergence; US Environmental Protection Agency AB Since the 1972 Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment, ecological pressures on our planet have grown more acute. Yet, modern environmental law has also continued to evolve and spread within international as well as among national legal systems. With the paths of international and national environmental law becoming increasingly intertwined over the years, international environmental legal norms and principles are now penetrating deeper into national legal systems, and environmental treaties are increasingly incorporating or referencing national legal norms and practices. The shifting legal landscape is also changing contemporary environmental law practice, creating greater needs for domestic environmental lawyers to be informed by international law and vice versa. This essay describes how domestic environmental law practice is increasingly informed by international legal norms, while the effective practice of international environmental law more and more requires enhanced awareness, and even understanding, of national environmental regulatory and governance systems. It illustrates these trends with the historical role and work of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Office of General Counsel. C1 [Yang, Tseming] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Yang, Tseming] Vermont Law Sch, South Royalton, VT USA. RP Yang, TM (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Yang.Tseming@epa.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 2047-1025 EI 2047-1033 J9 TRANSNATL ENVIRON LA JI Transnatl. Environ. Law PD APR PY 2012 VL 1 IS 1 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1017/S2047102511000069 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA V36UB UT WOS:000209234900006 ER PT J AU Duan, Y Sun, T Qian, YR He, JX Zhang, XL Xu, L Wu, BX AF Duan, Yi Sun, Tao Qian, Yaorong He, Jinxian Zhang, Xiaoli Xu, Li Wu, Baoxiang TI Pyrolysis experiments of forest marsh peat samples with different maturities: An attempt to understand the isotopic fractionation of coalbed methane during staged accumulation SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Coalbed methane; Staged gas accumulation; Peat; Simulation experiment; Carbon and hydrogen isotope ID EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATION; GAS GENERATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; ORIGIN; EVOLUTION; KINETICS; POLAND; BASIN AB In order to understand the isotopic features of coalbed gas formed in staged accumulation processes, five starting materials with different maturity were prepared from a peat at temperatures of 250 degrees C, 300 degrees C, 350 degrees C, 400 degrees C and 450 degrees C, respectively. Closed-system isothermal pyrolysis experiments were performed on these samples at various temperature intervals. The carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of methane and ethane generated during the pyrolysis of the samples with different thermal maturities were determined. The results showed that the higher the initial thermal maturity of the starting sample, the heavier the carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the generated methane and ethane. It was observed that the carbon isotope compositions of the generated methane differed significantly depending on initial thermal maturity of the samples, whereas the hydrogen isotopic compositions did not differ as much. The relationships of the delta C-13 and delta D values of gases generated from the samples with maturity intervals of 0.8-4.8%, 1.1-4.8%, 1.9-4.8%, 2.3-4.8%, 3.1-4.8% R-o, respectively, were established. These results may provide a basis for studying on the isotopic geochemistry of coalbed gas formed in staged accumulation processes. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Duan, Yi; Sun, Tao; He, Jinxian; Zhang, Xiaoli; Xu, Li; Wu, Baoxiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Petr Resources Res, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Qian, Yaorong] US EPA, Analyt Chem Branch BEAD, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. RP Duan, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Petr Resources Res, 382 W Donggang Rd, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM duany@ns.lzb.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40872092, 40772069]; "973" Program of China [2002CB211701] FX This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40872092, 40772069) and the "973" Program of China (Grant No. 2002CB211701). We thank Dr. Akira Tomita and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that greatly improved this paper. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 EI 1873-7153 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD APR PY 2012 VL 94 IS 1 BP 480 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.09.003 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 895LI UT WOS:000300497300059 ER PT J AU Purushotham, A Xu, Q Lu, J Foley, JF Yan, XJ Kim, DH Kemper, JK Li, XL AF Purushotham, Aparna Xu, Qing Lu, Jing Foley, Julie F. Yan, Xingjian Kim, Dong-Hyun Kemper, Jongsook Kim Li, Xiaoling TI Hepatic Deletion of SIRT1 Decreases Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 alpha/Farnesoid X Receptor Signaling and Induces Formation of Cholesterol Gallstones in Mice SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE FEEDBACK-REGULATION; PANCREATIC BETA-CELLS; BILE-ACID; INSULIN-SECRETION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; DEACETYLASE SIRT1; METABOLIC DISEASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; FXR; HOMEOSTASIS AB SIRT1, a highly conserved NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase, is a key metabolic sensor that directly links nutrient signals to animal metabolic homeostasis. Although SIRT1 has been implicated in a number of hepatic metabolic processes, the mechanisms by which hepatic SIRT1 modulates bile acid metabolism are still not well understood. Here we report that deletion of hepatic SIRT1 reduces the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor that regulates bile acid homeostasis. We provide evidence that SIRT1 regulates the expression of FXR through hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF1 alpha). SIRT1 deficiency in hepatocytes leads to decreased binding of HNF1 alpha to the FXR promoter. Furthermore, we show that hepatocyte-specific deletion of SIRT1 leads to derangements in bile acid metabolism, predisposing the mice to development of cholesterol gallstones on a lithogenic diet. Taken together, our findings indicate that SIRT1 plays a vital role in the regulation of hepatic bile acid homeostasis through the HNF1 alpha/FXR signaling pathway. C1 [Purushotham, Aparna; Xu, Qing; Lu, Jing; Li, Xiaoling] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Foley, Julie F.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Yan, Xingjian] Univ N Carolina, Undergrad Program Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Yan, Xingjian] Univ N Carolina, Undergrad Program Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kim, Dong-Hyun; Kemper, Jongsook Kim] Univ Illinois, Dept Mol & Integrat Physiol, Urbana, IL USA. RP Li, XL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM lix3@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES102205] FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, to X. L. (Z01 ES102205). NR 61 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1226 EP 1236 DI 10.1128/MCB.05988-11 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 906QC UT WOS:000301360700003 PM 22290433 ER PT J AU He, XX Pelaez, M Westrick, JA O'Shea, KE Hiskia, A Triantis, T Kaloudis, T Stefan, MI de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD AF He, Xuexiang Pelaez, Miguel Westrick, Judy A. O'Shea, Kevin E. Hiskia, Anastasia Triantis, Theodoros Kaloudis, Triantafyllos Stefan, Mihaela I. de la Cruz, Armah A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Efficient removal of microcystin-LR by UV-C/H2O2 in synthetic and natural water samples SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cyanotoxins; Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs); Microcystin-LR; UV-C (UV-253.7 nm); Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); Advanced oxidation process (AOP); UV fluence ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; UV-RADIATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; KINETIC-MODEL; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; CYANOBACTERIAL TOXINS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; RATE CONSTANTS; DEGRADATION; OXIDATION AB The destruction of the commonly found cyanobacterial toxin, microcystin-LR (MC-LR), in surface waters by UV-C/H2O2 advanced oxidation process (AOP) was studied. Experiments were carried out in a bench scale photochemical apparatus with low pressure mercury vapor germicidal lamps emitting at 253.7 nm. The degradation of MC-LR was a function of UV fluence. A 93.9% removal with an initial MC-LR concentration of 1 mu M was achieved with a UV fluence of 80 mJ/cm(2) and an initial H2O2 concentration of 882 mu M. When increasing the concentration of MC-LR only, the UV fluence-based pseudo-first order reaction rate constant generally decreased, which was probably due to the competition between by-products and MC-LR for hydroxyl radicals. An increase in H2O2 concentration led to higher removal efficiency; however, the effect of HO center dot scavenging by H2O2 became significant for high H2O2 concentrations. The impact of water quality parameters, such as pH, alkalinity and the presence of natural organic matter (NOM), was also studied. Field water samples from Lake Erie, Michigan and St. Johns River, Florida were employed to evaluate the potential application of this process for the degradation of MC-LR. Results showed that the presence of both alkalinity (as 89.6-117.8 mg CaCO3/L) and NOM (as similar to 2 to similar to 9.5 mg/L TOC) contributed to a significant decrease in the destruction rate of MC-LR. However, a final concentration of MC-LR bellow the guideline value of 1 mu g/L. was still achievable under current experimental conditions when an initial MC-LR concentration of 2.5 mu g/L was spiked into those real water samples. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Xuexiang; Pelaez, Miguel; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Engn Res Ctr 705, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Westrick, Judy A.] Lake Super State Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Marie, MI 49783 USA. [O'Shea, Kevin E.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33183 USA. [Hiskia, Anastasia; Triantis, Theodoros] Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Lab Catalyt Photocatalyt Proc Solar Energy Enviro, Athens 15310, Greece. [Kaloudis, Triantafyllos] Athens Water Supply & Sewerage Co EYDAP SA, Organ Micropollutants Lab, Athens 11146, Greece. [Stefan, Mihaela I.] Trojan Technol, London, ON N5V 4T7, Canada. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Engn Res Ctr 705, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu RI TRIANTIS, THEODOROS/C-3471-2015; He, Xuexiang/D-7564-2017; OI TRIANTIS, THEODOROS/0000-0002-7899-176X; Kaloudis, Triantafyllos/0000-0003-1909-0256 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R833223]; Ohio State University Research Foundation (OSURF-USGS) [60021018] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (R833223) and the Ohio State University Research Foundation (OSURF-USGS Project 60021018). We are thankful to Cincinnati Water Works for the assistance provided during the analysis of the water quality parameters. Green Water Laboratories (Palatka, Florida) is acknowledged for collecting and sending the natural water samples. We also acknowledge Dr. James R. Bolton for providing the protocols of irradiance measurement. NR 68 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 17 U2 122 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 5 SI SI BP 1501 EP 1510 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.009 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 902DL UT WOS:000301018700015 PM 22177771 ER PT J AU DeMarini, DM AF DeMarini, David M. TI Declaring the existence of human germ-cell mutagens SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Editorial Material DE tobacco smoke; ionizing radiation; air pollution; chemotherapy; heritable effects ID TANDEM REPEAT INSTABILITY; TOBACCO-SMOKE; AIR-POLLUTION; MUTATION-RATE; GENETIC TOXICOLOGY; RADIATION; RISK; EXPOSURE; 21ST-CENTURY; GENOTOXICITY AB After more than 80 years of searching for human germ-cell mutagens, I think that sufficient evidence already exists for a number of agents to be so considered, and definitive confirmation seems imminent due to the application of recently developed genomic techniques. In preparation for this, an assessment panel of internationally recognized experts in germ-cell biology and genomics is required to consider either the current evidence now, or impending genomic evidence later, to declare whether an agent is a human germ-cell mutagen. I propose that such a panel be organized under the aegis of the World Health Organization and constructed similarly to the working groups assembled by the International Agency for Research on Cancer for the evaluation of human carcinogens. Support from prominent national and international organizations would be important. Many regulatory agencies already have procedures in place for assessing potential human germ-cell mutagens, and the time is approaching when definitive genomic data in humans will obligate such evaluations. In my view, application of an IARC-type of assessment using available evidence leads to the conclusion that ionizing radiation, cancer chemotherapy, cigarette smoking, and air pollution are Group 1 human germ-cell mutagens. Consideration of the potential adverse health effects to the unexposed offspring of an exposed parent will usher in an entirely new realm of environmental health assessment. I suggest that the long search for human germ-cell mutagens is about to end, and a demonstration of the much-anticipated linkage between heritable disease and environmental factors is poised to begin. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP DeMarini, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, B105-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM demarini.david@epa.gov NR 57 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD APR PY 2012 VL 53 IS 3 BP 166 EP 172 DI 10.1002/em.21685 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 901PT UT WOS:000300980000002 PM 22351488 ER PT J AU Kaufmann, PR Faustini, JM AF Kaufmann, Philip R. Faustini, John M. TI Simple measures of channel habitat complexity predict transient hydraulic storage in streams SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Habitat complexity; Streams; Transient storage; Hydraulic retention; Channel morphology; Physical habitat; LWD; Woody debris; Thalweg profiles ID HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE FLOWS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION; SALMON SUPPLEMENTATION; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; LOWLAND STREAMS; WATER EXCHANGE; BED STREAMS; RIVERS; MORPHOLOGY AB Stream thalweg depth profiles (along path of greatest channel depth) and woody debris tallies have recently become components of routine field procedures for quantifying physical habitat in national stream monitoring efforts. Mean residual depth, standard deviation of thalweg depth, and large woody debris (LWD) volumes are potential metrics of habitat complexity calculated from these survey data. We used 42 intensive dye-transit studies to demonstrate the relevance of these easily measured channel habitat complexity metrics to transient hydraulic ("dead zone") storage, a channel process important for biotic habitat as well as retention and "spiraling" of dissolved and particulate nutrients. We examined transient storage and channel morphology in small gravel and cobble-bedded upland streams (wetted width 2-5 m; slopes 2.6-8.3%) representing a wide range of flow stages, LWD loading, and channel complexity, including measurements before and after LWD was added to enhance fish habitat. While transient storage volume fraction decreased as flow stage increased in simple channels, those with complex morphology and well-developed riparian vegetation maintained high transient storage fractions even during storm flows. LWD additions increased transient storage and channel complexity over the 2 years of post-treatment measurements. We predict with considerable precision two different formulations of transient hydraulic storage fraction using single-variable linear regressions on residual depth (R (2) = 0.61-0.89), thalweg depth variance (R (2) = 0.64-0.91), or large woody debris volume (R (2) = 0.48-0.74). Demonstration of these likely causal associations contributes to understanding the process of transient storage and redefines the use of thalweg profile metrics as a new approach to quantifying morphologic and hydraulic complexity in streams. C1 [Kaufmann, Philip R.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Faustini, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. RP Kaufmann, PR (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM kaufmann.phil@epa.gov RI Faustini, John/A-8378-2009 FU USEPA; Oregon State University Department of Forest Engineering; Weyerhauser Corporation FX The research presented in this manuscript was undertaken at the U.S. EPA's Western Ecology Division of the National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory in Corvallis, OR, funded by the USEPA in support of developing indicators for monitoring the condition of aquatic resources through the National Aquatic Resource Surveys (NARS). Hydraulic dye transport data were collected and analyzed by the lead author in 1983-1986, with Ph.D research support from the Oregon State University Department of Forest Engineering (advisor: Bob Beschta) and a fellowship from the Weyerhauser Corporation. We are grateful to Tony Olsen, Steve Paulsen, Sarah Lehman, and Susan Holdsworth for funding and program support. We thank Chris Jordan, Bob Ozretich, John VanSickle, Steve Wondzell, Jordan Rosenfeld, and an additional anonymous reviewer for comments on earlier drafts. This manuscript has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 77 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD APR PY 2012 VL 685 IS 1 BP 69 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s10750-011-0841-y PG 27 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 897RR UT WOS:000300673500005 ER PT J AU Wang, QH Dinse, GE Liu, CL AF Wang, Qihua Dinse, Gregg E. Liu, Chunling TI Hazard function estimation with cause-of-death data missing at random SO ANNALS OF THE INSTITUTE OF STATISTICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Imputation estimator; Inverse probability weighted estimator; Kernel estimator; Regression surrogate estimator ID CENSORED-DATA; COMPETING RISKS; KERNEL DENSITY; NONPARAMETRIC-ESTIMATION; REGRESSION-COEFFICIENTS; EFFICIENT ESTIMATION; MULTIPLE IMPUTATION; SMOOTHING PARAMETER; SURVIVAL FUNCTION; FAILURE DATA AB Hazard function estimation is an important part of survival analysis. Interest often centers on estimating the hazard function associated with a particular cause of death. We propose three nonparametric kernel estimators for the hazard function, all of which are appropriate when death times are subject to random censorship and censoring indicators can be missing at random. Specifically, we present a regression surrogate estimator, an imputation estimator, and an inverse probability weighted estimator. All three estimators are uniformly strongly consistent and asymptotically normal. We derive asymptotic representations of the mean squared error and the mean integrated squared error for these estimators and we discuss a data-driven bandwidth selection method. A simulation study, conducted to assess finite sample behavior, demonstrates that the proposed hazard estimators perform relatively well. We illustrate our methods with an analysis of some vascular disease data. C1 [Wang, Qihua] Chinese Acad Sci, Acad Math & Syst Sci, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Wang, Qihua] Yunnan Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China. [Wang, Qihua] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Dinse, Gregg E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Liu, Chunling] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Math, Hong Hum, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Wang, QH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Acad Math & Syst Sci, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM qhwang@amss.ac.cn RI Liu, Chunling/A-4827-2015 OI Liu, Chunling/0000-0003-3410-445X FU National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Natural Science Foundation of China [10671198]; National Science Fund for Creative Research Groups; Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong, China [HKU 7050/06P]; Key Lab of Random Complex Structures and Data Science, CAS; NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES-102685]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) FX This research was supported by National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, National Natural Science Foundation of China (10671198), National Science Fund for Creative Research Groups, a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong, China (HKU 7050/06P), a grant from Key Lab of Random Complex Structures and Data Science, CAS (Qihua Wang), the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES-102685) (Gregg Dinse), and the Intramural Research Traineeship Award (IRTA) program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (Chunling Liu). The authors thank Dr. Shyamal Peddada and Dr. Norman Kaplan for their comments and suggestions. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0020-3157 J9 ANN I STAT MATH JI Ann. Inst. Stat. Math. PD APR PY 2012 VL 64 IS 2 BP 415 EP 438 DI 10.1007/s10463-010-0317-2 PG 24 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 877IL UT WOS:000299171000010 PM 22267874 ER PT J AU Macpherson, AJ Carter, DR Schulze, MD Vidal, E Lentini, MW AF Macpherson, Alexander J. Carter, Douglas R. Schulze, Mark D. Vidal, Edson Lentini, Marco W. TI The sustainability of timber production from Eastern Amazonian forests SO LAND USE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Amazon; Reduced impact logging; Dynamic optimization; Sustainability ID TAPAJOS NATIONAL FOREST; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; REDUCED-IMPACT; LOGGING PRACTICES; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; YIELD; MODEL AB Although the regulations are imperfectly enforced, logging firms in the Brazilian Amazon are subject to forest management regulations intended to reduce environmental damage and protect future forest productivity. Additionally, voluntary best practices firms adopt to achieve environmental performance that exceed regulatory requirements are largely limited to reduced impact logging (RIL) systems that reduce harvest damage relative to conventional logging systems used by a large majority of firms in the region. Existing regulations combined with best practices may not be adequate to ensure sustained yields. This inadequacy is an important issue as Brazil implements an ambitious program of forest concessions on public lands. We analyze the profitability and environmental outcomes of best logging practices and proposed sustainability requirements. We propose two operational definitions of sustainability (the first focusing on sustaining stand-level timber volumes and the other focusing on sustaining species-level volumes within the stand) based on sustaining timber inventories across cutting cycles rather than on sustaining overall harvest yields. RIL is shown to be profitable for loggers and increase the timber available for future harvests. While volume predicted to be available for the second and third harvests are significantly lower than the available timber in the unlogged forest, the second and third harvests are projected to be profitable and have the potential for sustainability despite high opportunity costs. However, as harvesting is repeated into the future, results show the composition of the harvest shifts from higher-value shade-tolerant and emergent species toward a greater reliance on longer-lived, lower-value pioneer species. This shift may create pressure to expand the forest base under management in order to continue to supply high-value species or increase the risk of timber trespass in conservation units and areas under community or indigenous management. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Macpherson, Alexander J.; Carter, Douglas R.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schulze, Mark D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Vidal, Edson] ESALQ Univ Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil. [Lentini, Marco W.] IFT, Belem, Para, Brazil. RP Macpherson, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr,E439-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM macpherson.alex@epa.gov RI Vidal, Edson/D-4279-2012; Schulze, Mark/H-4921-2013 OI Vidal, Edson/0000-0002-8028-6998; NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8377 J9 LAND USE POLICY JI Land Use Pol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 29 IS 2 BP 339 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.07.004 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 853PL UT WOS:000297438100007 ER PT J AU Gaskill, BN Gordon, CJ Pajor, EA Lucas, JR Davis, JK Garner, JP AF Gaskill, Brianna N. Gordon, Christopher J. Pajor, Edmond A. Lucas, Jeffrey R. Davis, Jerry K. Garner, Joseph P. TI Heat or Insulation: Behavioral Titration of Mouse Preference for Warmth or Access to a Nest SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MUS-MUSCULUS; ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT; TEMPERATURE REGULATION; LABORATORY MICE; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; SMALL MAMMALS; THERMOGENESIS; HYPOTHESIS; STRENGTH; GROWTH AB In laboratories, mice are housed at 20-24 degrees C, which is below their lower critical temperature (approximate to 30 degrees C). This increased thermal stress has the potential to alter scientific outcomes. Nesting material should allow for improved behavioral thermoregulation and thus alleviate this thermal stress. Nesting behavior should change with temperature and material, and the choice between nesting or thermotaxis (movement in response to temperature) should also depend on the balance of these factors, such that mice titrate nesting material against temperature. Naive CD-1, BALB/c, and C57BL/6 mice (36 male and 36 female/strain in groups of 3) were housed in a set of 2 connected cages, each maintained at a different temperature using a water bath. One cage in each set was 20 degrees C (Nesting cage; NC) while the other was one of 6 temperatures (Temperature cage; TC: 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, or 35 degrees C). The NC contained one of 6 nesting provisions (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10g), changed daily. Food intake and nest scores were measured in both cages. As the difference in temperature between paired cages increased, feed consumption in NC increased. Nesting provision altered differences in nest scores between the 2 paired temperatures. Nest scores in NC increased with increasing provision. In addition, temperature pairings altered the difference in nest scores with the smallest difference between locations at 26 degrees C and 29 degrees C. Mice transferred material from NC to TC but the likelihood of transfer decreased with increasing provision. Overall, mice of different strains and sexes prefer temperatures between 26-29 degrees C and the shift from thermotaxis to nest building is seen between 6 and 10 g of material. Our results suggest that under normal laboratory temperatures, mice should be provided with no less than 6 grams of nesting material, but up to 10 grams may be needed to alleviate thermal distress under typical temperatures. C1 [Gaskill, Brianna N.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gaskill, Brianna N.] Charles River Labs, Wilmington, MA USA. [Gordon, Christopher J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Pajor, Edmond A.] Univ Calgary, Dept Prod Anim Hlth, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Lucas, Jeffrey R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Davis, Jerry K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Comparat Pathobiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Garner, Joseph P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Comparat Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Garner, Joseph P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Gaskill, BN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM brianna.gaskill@crl.com RI Garner, Joseph/C-8422-2009; Gaskill, Brianna/F-5950-2011 OI Gaskill, Brianna/0000-0002-1884-803X FU Professor William Russell Fellowship from the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare FX This work was supported by the Professor William Russell Fellowship from the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (http://www.ufaw.org.uk/williamrussellfellowship.php). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 30 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e32799 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032799 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959UC UT WOS:000305339100018 PM 22479340 ER PT J AU Mathew, J Schroeder, DL Zintek, LB Schupp, CR Kosempa, MG Zachary, AM Schupp, GC Wesolowski, DJ AF Mathew, Johnson Schroeder, David L. Zintek, Lawrence B. Schupp, Caitlin R. Kosempa, Michael G. Zachary, Adam M. Schupp, George C. Wesolowski, Dennis J. TI Dioctyl sulfosuccinate analysis in near-shore Gulf of Mexico water by direct-injection liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Dioctyl sulfosuccinate; Dispersant; Aggregate; Deuterated surrogate; Corexit EC9500A; Oil spill ID GAS-PHASE AB Dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS) was a major component of the dispersants most used in the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill incident response. This analytical method quantifies salt water DOSS concentrations to a reporting limit of 20 mu g/L, which was below the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) 40 mu/L DOSS Aquatic Life Benchmark. DOSS in Gulf of Mexico water samples were analyzed by direct-injection reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sample preparation with 50% acetonitrile (ACN) enabled quantitative transfer of DOSS and increased DOSS response 20-fold by reducing aggregation. This increased sensitivity enabled the detection of a confirmatory transition over the calibration range of 10-200 mu g/L. U.S. EPA Region 5 and Region 6 laboratories analyzed hundreds of near-shore surface Gulf of Mexico water samples, none contained more than the 20 ppb reporting limit. The matrix spike DOSS/deuterated surrogate (DOSS-D34) correlation of determination varied with mobile phase modifier (ammonium formate R-2 = 0.95 and formic acid R-2 = 0.27). Using ammonium formate. DOSS-D34 accurately measured DOSS matrix effect. The near-shore sodium concentrations varied more than 10,000-fold, but were not strongly correlated with DOSS recovery. DOSS detection by LC-MS/MS enabled rapid analysis which was valuable in guiding incident response. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mathew, Johnson] US EPA, Houston Reg Lab, Houston, TX 77099 USA. [Schroeder, David L.; Zintek, Lawrence B.; Schupp, Caitlin R.; Kosempa, Michael G.; Zachary, Adam M.; Schupp, George C.; Wesolowski, Dennis J.] US EPA, Chicago Reg Lab, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP Schroeder, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Chicago Reg Lab, 536 S Clark,ML 10C, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. EM Schroeder.David@epa.gov NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 30 PY 2012 VL 1231 BP 46 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.088 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 920YK UT WOS:000302445000007 PM 22365569 ER PT J AU Vertino, PM Wade, PA AF Vertino, Paula M. Wade, Paul A. TI R Loops: Lassoing DNA Methylation at CpGi SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Editorial Material AB In this issue of Molecular Cell, Ginno et al. (2012) describe unusual sequence features at promoter CpG islands that can lead to formation of persistent RNA-DNA hybrids (R loops), which are proposed to prevent genomic DNA methylation. C1 [Vertino, Paula M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. [Vertino, Paula M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Winship Canc Inst, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. [Wade, Paul A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Vertino, PM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. EM pvertin@emory.edu; wadep2@niehs.nih.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA132065] NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1097-2765 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD MAR 30 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 6 BP 708 EP 709 DI 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.03.014 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 920ES UT WOS:000302386100003 PM 22464440 ER PT J AU Kwee, LC Liu, YT Haynes, C Gibson, JR Stone, A Schichman, SA Kamel, F Nelson, LM Topol, B Van Den Eeden, SK Tanner, CM Cudkowicz, ME Grasso, DL Lawson, R Muralidhar, S Oddone, EZ Schmidt, S Hauser, MA AF Kwee, Lydia Coulter Liu, Yutao Haynes, Carol Gibson, Jason R. Stone, Annjanette Schichman, Steven A. Kamel, Freya Nelson, Lorene M. Topol, Barbara Van Den Eeden, Stephen K. Tanner, Caroline M. Cudkowicz, Merit E. Grasso, Daniela L. Lawson, Robert Muralidhar, Sumitra Oddone, Eugene Z. Schmidt, Silke Hauser, Michael A. TI A High-Density Genome-Wide Association Screen of Sporadic ALS in US Veterans SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; GULF-WAR VETERANS; HEXANUCLEOTIDE REPEAT; RISK; GENE; POPULATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EXPOSURE; SURVIVAL; DIAGNOSIS AB Following reports of an increased incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in U. S. veterans, we have conducted a high-density genome-wide association study (GWAS) of ALS outcome and survival time in a sample of U. S. veterans. We tested,1.3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for association with ALS outcome in 442 incident Caucasian veteran cases diagnosed with definite or probable ALS and 348 Caucasian veteran controls. To increase power, we also included genotypes from 5909 publicly-available non-veteran controls in the analysis. In the survival analysis, we tested for association between SNPs and post-diagnosis survival time in 639 Caucasian veteran cases with definite or probable ALS. After this discovery phase, we performed follow-up genotyping of 299 SNPs in an independent replication sample of Caucasian veterans and non-veterans (ALS outcome: 183 cases and 961 controls; survival: 118 cases). Although no SNPs reached genome-wide significance in the discovery phase for either phenotype, three SNPs were statistically significant in the replication analysis of ALS outcome: rs6080539 (177 kb from PCSK2), rs7000234 (4 kb from ZNF704), and rs3113494 (13 kb from LOC100506746). Two SNPs located in genes that were implicated by previous GWA studies of ALS were marginally significant in the pooled analysis of discovery and replication samples: rs17174381 in DPP6 (p = 4.4x10(-4)) and rs6985069 near ELP3 (p = 4.8x10(-4)). Our results underscore the difficulty of identifying and convincingly replicating genetic associations with a rare and genetically heterogeneous disorder such as ALS, and suggest that common SNPs are unlikely to account for a substantial proportion of patients affected by this devastating disorder. C1 [Kwee, Lydia Coulter; Liu, Yutao; Gibson, Jason R.; Oddone, Eugene Z.; Schmidt, Silke; Hauser, Michael A.] Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Kwee, Lydia Coulter; Liu, Yutao; Haynes, Carol; Gibson, Jason R.; Schmidt, Silke; Hauser, Michael A.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Durham, NC USA. [Kwee, Lydia Coulter; Liu, Yutao; Haynes, Carol; Gibson, Jason R.; Oddone, Eugene Z.; Schmidt, Silke; Hauser, Michael A.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Stone, Annjanette; Schichman, Steven A.] Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Syst, Pathol & Lab Med Serv, Little Rock, AR USA. [Stone, Annjanette; Schichman, Steven A.] Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Syst, Res Serv, Little Rock, AR USA. [Schichman, Steven A.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pathol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Kamel, Freya] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Nelson, Lorene M.; Topol, Barbara] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Div Epidemiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Van Den Eeden, Stephen K.] Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. [Tanner, Caroline M.] Parkinsons Inst, Sunnyvale, CA USA. [Cudkowicz, Merit E.; Grasso, Daniela L.; Lawson, Robert] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Neurol Clin Trial Unit, Boston, MA USA. [Muralidhar, Sumitra] Dept Vet Affairs, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Kwee, LC (reprint author), Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM mike.hauser@duke.edu OI Kamel, Freya/0000-0001-5052-6615 FU Office of Research and Development, Cooperative Studies Program, Department of Veterans Affairs [CSP] [500B, 500A, 478]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health [R01 ES 013244]; ALS Association [ALSA 1230]; National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES049005, R01-ES08150]; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health [R01 NS 031964]; ALS Therapy Alliance; Wellcome Trust [076113, 085475] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support for this work from the Office of Research and Development, Cooperative Studies Program, Department of Veterans Affairs [CSP #500B]. The GENEVA study was supported by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health [R01 ES 013244] and the ALS Association [ALSA 1230]. The National Registry of Veterans with ALS and its DNA bank were supported by the Office of Research and Development, Cooperative Studies Program, Department of Veterans Affairs [CSP #500A, CSP #478]. The study was supported in part by the intramural research program of the National Institutes of Health, by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES049005]. The GEM study was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01-ES08150] and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health [R01 NS 031964]. The NEALS consortium was supported by the ALS Association and the ALS Therapy Alliance. This study makes use of data generated by the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium. A full list of the investigators who contributed to the generation of the data is available from www.wtccc.org.uk. Funding for the project was provided by the Wellcome Trust under award 076113 and 085475. This study was overseen by an Executive Committee appointed by the Veterns Affairs (VA): Mary Brophy, MD, MPH; MAH, PhD; Donald Humphries, PhD; LCK, PhD; EZO, MD, MHSc; SAS, MD, PhD; SS, PhD. The VA Cooperative Studies Program provided policies and requirements for conducting the research, contributed to study design, and provided administrative review of the paper but did not alter the contents. All other funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 28 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e32768 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032768 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 948FM UT WOS:000304489000008 PM 22470424 ER PT J AU Bushel, PR McGovern, R Liu, LW Hofmann, O Huda, A Lu, J Hide, W Lin, XH AF Bushel, Pierre R. McGovern, Ray Liu, Liwen Hofmann, Oliver Huda, Ahsan Lu, Jun Hide, Winston Lin, Xihong TI Population Differences in Transcript-Regulator Expression Quantitative Trait Loci SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; SET ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS; HUMAN GENE-EXPRESSION; BREAST-CANCER; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; FALSE DISCOVERY; RNA-SEQ; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPE; SNP AB Gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) are useful for identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with diseases. At times, a genetic variant may be associated with a master regulator involved in the manifestation of a disease. The downstream target genes of the master regulator are typically co-expressed and share biological function. Therefore, it is practical to screen for eQTLs by identifying SNPs associated with the targets of a transcript-regulator (TR). We used a multivariate regression with the gene expression of known targets of TRs and SNPs to identify TReQTLs in European (CEU) and African (YRI) HapMap populations. A nominal p-value of <1 x 10(-6) revealed 234 SNPs in CEU and 154 in YRI as TReQTLs. These represent 36 independent (tag) SNPs in CEU and 39 in YRI affecting the downstream targets of 25 and 36 TRs respectively. At a false discovery rate (FDR) = 45%, one cis-acting tag SNP (within 1 kb of a gene) in each population was identified as a TReQTL. In CEU, the SNP (rs16858621) in Pcnxl2 was found to be associated with the genes regulated by CREM whereas in YRI, the SNP (rs16909324) was linked to the targets of miRNA hsa-miR-125a. To infer the pathways that regulate expression, we ranked TReQTLs by connectivity within the structure of biological process subtrees. One TReQTL SNP (rs3790904) in CEU maps to Lphn2 and is associated (nominal p-value = 8.1 x 10(-7)) with the targets of the X-linked breast cancer suppressor Foxp3. The structure of the biological process subtree and a gene interaction network of the TReQTL revealed that tumor necrosis factor, NF-kappaB and variants in G-protein coupled receptors signaling may play a central role as communicators in Foxp3 functional regulation. The potential pleiotropic effect of the Foxp3 TReQTLs was gleaned from integrating mRNA-Seq data and SNP-set enrichment into the analysis. C1 [Bushel, Pierre R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Liu, Liwen] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Microarray Core, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [McGovern, Ray; Hofmann, Oliver; Hide, Winston] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Bioinformat Core, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hofmann, Oliver; Hide, Winston; Lin, Xihong] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Huda, Ahsan; Lu, Jun] SRA Int Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bushel, PR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM bushel@niehs.nih.gov RI Hofmann, Oliver/F-1800-2013; OI Hofmann, Oliver/0000-0002-7738-1513; Hide, Winston/0000-0002-8621-3271 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [Z01 ES102345-04]; National Cancer Institute [R37CA76404, P01CA134294] FX This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [Z01 ES102345-04] and in part by the National Cancer Institute Grants R37CA76404 and P01CA134294. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 27 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e34286 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0034286 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 940MY UT WOS:000303894900078 PM 22479588 ER PT J AU Sucheston, LE Bensen, JT Xu, ZL Singh, PK Preus, L Mohler, JL Su, LJ Fontham, ETH Ruiz, B Smith, GJ Taylor, JA AF Sucheston, Lara E. Bensen, Jeannette T. Xu, Zongli Singh, Prashant K. Preus, Leah Mohler, James L. Su, L. Joseph Fontham, Elizabeth T. H. Ruiz, Bernardo Smith, Gary J. Taylor, Jack A. TI Genetic Ancestry, Self-Reported Race and Ethnicity in African Americans and European Americans in the PCaP Cohort SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-POPULATION STRUCTURE; PROSTATE-CANCER; ASSOCIATION; STRATIFICATION; TWINS; RISK; MUTATIONS; ADMIXTURE AB Background: Family history and African-American race are important risk factors for both prostate cancer (CaP) incidence and aggressiveness. When studying complex diseases such as CaP that have a heritable component, chances of finding true disease susceptibility alleles can be increased by accounting for genetic ancestry within the population investigated. Race, ethnicity and ancestry were studied in a geographically diverse cohort of men with newly diagnosed CaP. Methods: Individual ancestry (IA) was estimated in the population-based North Carolina and Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP), a cohort of 2,106 incident CaP cases (2063 with complete ethnicity information) comprising roughly equal numbers of research subjects reporting as Black/African American (AA) or European American/Caucasian/Caucasian American/White (EA) from North Carolina or Louisiana. Mean genome wide individual ancestry estimates of percent African, European and Asian were obtained and tested for differences by state and ethnicity (Cajun and/or Creole and Hispanic/Latino) using multivariate analysis of variance models. Principal components (PC) were compared to assess differences in genetic composition by self-reported race and ethnicity between and within states. Results: Mean individual ancestries differed by state for self-reporting AA (p = 0.03) and EA (p = 0.001). This geographic difference attenuated for AAs who answered "no" to all ethnicity membership questions (non-ethnic research subjects; p = 0.78) but not EA research subjects, p = 0.002. Mean ancestry estimates of self-identified AA Louisiana research subjects for each ethnic group; Cajun only, Creole only and both Cajun and Creole differed significantly from self-identified non-ethnic AA Louisiana research subjects. These ethnicity differences were not seen in those who self-identified as EA. Conclusions: Mean IA differed by race between states, elucidating a potential contributing factor to these differences in AA research participants: self-reported ethnicity. Accurately accounting for genetic admixture in this cohort is essential for future analyses of the genetic and environmental contributions to CaP. C1 [Sucheston, Lara E.; Preus, Leah] Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Canc Prevent & Control, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. [Bensen, Jeannette T.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Bensen, Jeannette T.; Mohler, James L.] Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Xu, Zongli; Taylor, Jack A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Xu, Zongli; Taylor, Jack A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Singh, Prashant K.] Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Genet & Pharmacol, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. [Mohler, James L.; Smith, Gary J.] Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Urol, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. [Mohler, James L.; Smith, Gary J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Urol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Su, L. Joseph] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Fontham, Elizabeth T. H.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. [Ruiz, Bernardo] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Sucheston, LE (reprint author), Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Canc Prevent & Control, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. EM lara.sucheston@roswellpark.org OI xu, zongli/0000-0002-9034-8902; taylor, jack/0000-0001-5303-6398 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; NIH National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities; Department of Defense [DAMD 17-03-2-0052] FX This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the NIH National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities. The North Carolina Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP) is carried out as a collaborative study supported by the Department of Defense contract DAMD 17-03-2-0052. No additional external funding received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 27 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e30950 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0030950 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 940MY UT WOS:000303894900001 PM 22479307 ER PT J AU Al-Abed, S Virkutyte, J AF Al-Abed, Souhail Virkutyte, Jurate TI Nanomaterials for treatment of water SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Al-Abed, Souhail; Virkutyte, Jurate] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45368 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 23-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104823 ER PT J AU Ault, AP Peters, TM Sawvel, EJ Casuccio, GS Willis, RD Grassian, VH AF Ault, Andrew P. Peters, Thomas M. Sawvel, Eric J. Casuccio, Gary S. Willis, Robert D. Grassian, Vicki H. TI Single particle SEM-EDX analysis of iron-containing coarse particulate matter in an urban environment: Sources and distribution of iron within Cleveland, Ohio SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ault, Andrew P.; Grassian, Vicki H.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Peters, Thomas M.; Sawvel, Eric J.] Univ Iowa, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Casuccio, Gary S.] RJ Lee Grp, Monroeville, PA 15146 USA. [Willis, Robert D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM andrew-ault@uiowa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 249-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475105043 ER PT J AU Baig, RBN Varma, RS AF Baig, Nasir R. B. Varma, Rajender S. TI Synthesis of triazole-based unnatural amino acids via regioselective ring opening of sulfamidates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Baig, Nasir R. B.; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM baig.nasir@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 564-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503202761 ER PT J AU Baig, RBN Varma, RS AF Baig, Nasir R. B. Varma, Rajender S. TI Magnetically recoverable Nano-Fe-Glut-Cu and Nano-Fe-DOPA-Cu catalysts for Huisgen 1, 3-dipolar cycloadditions and coupling of thiols with aryl halides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Baig, Nasir R. B.; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM baig.nasir@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 494-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503202692 ER PT J AU Duirk, SE Lindel, C Cornelison, CC Kormos, J Ternes, TA Attene-Ramos, M Osiol, J Wagner, ED Plewa, MJ Richardson, SD AF Duirk, Stephen E. Lindel, Cristal Cornelison, Christopher C. Kormos, Jennifer Ternes, Thomas A. Attene-Ramos, Matias Osiol, Jennifer Wagner, Elizabeth D. Plewa, Michael J. Richardson, Susan D. TI Formation of iodinated disinfection by-products from iopamidol in the presence of chlorinated oxidants and natural organic matter SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Duirk, Stephen E.] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Lindel, Cristal; Cornelison, Christopher C.; Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, NERL, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Kormos, Jennifer; Ternes, Thomas A.] Fed Inst Hydrol BfG, Water Chem Dept, Koblenz, Germany. 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TI Using stereochemical concepts to improve pesticide sustainability SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Garrison, Arthur W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, ERD, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Ulrich, Elin M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, HEASD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM garrison.wayne@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 167-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104955 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, SC AF Gutierrez, Sally C. TI USEPA perspectives on water reuse research in the context of sustainable water resource management SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gutierrez, Sally C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM gutierrez.sally@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 57-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104851 ER PT J AU Han, C Doepke, A Cho, WD de la Cruz, AA Heineman, WR Halsall, HB Shanov, VN Likodimos, V Falaras, P Dionysiou, DD AF Han, Changseok Doepke, Amos Cho, Wondong de la Cruz, Armah A. Heineman, William R. Halsall, H. Brian Shanov, Vesselin N. Likodimos, Vlassis Falaras, Polycarpos Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Multi-walled carbon nanotubes-based biosensor for monitoring cyanotoxins in drinking water sources SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Han, Changseok; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Environm Sci & Engn Program, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. [Doepke, Amos; Heineman, William R.; Halsall, H. Brian] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Cho, Wondong; Shanov, Vesselin N.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. 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TI Removal of cylindrospermopsin by UV-254 nm-mediated photochemical processes, namely UV/H2O2, UV/S2O82- and/or UV/HSO5- SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [He, Xuexiang; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 193-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104977 ER PT J AU Jeong, CH Richardson, SD Wagner, ED Nieuwenhuijsen, MJ Kogevinas, M Plewa, MJ AF Jeong, Clara H. Richardson, Susan D. Wagner, Elizabeth D. Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J. Kogevinas, Manolis Plewa, Michael J. TI Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of disinfection byproducts in drinking water in Europe: HiWATE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Jeong, Clara H.; Wagner, Elizabeth D.; Plewa, Michael J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.; Kogevinas, Manolis] Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol, Barcelona, Spain. EM mplewa@illinois.edu RI Kogevinas, Manolis/C-3918-2017; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark/C-3914-2017 OI Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark/0000-0001-9461-7981 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 2-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104804 ER PT J AU Kanel, SR Flory, J Racz, L Impellitteri, CA Nadagouda, M Patterson, C Silva, RG Huang, JQ Goltz, MN AF Kanel, Sushil R. Flory, Jason Racz, LeeAnn Impellitteri, Christopher A. Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna Patterson, Craig Silva, Rendahandi G. Huang, Junqi Goltz, Mark N. TI Fate and transport of silver nanoparticles and related products in saturated porous media SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kanel, Sushil R.; Flory, Jason; Racz, LeeAnn; Goltz, Mark N.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Impellitteri, Christopher A.; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna; Patterson, Craig] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Silva, Rendahandi G.] Shaw Environm & Infrastruct, Cincinnati, OH 45204 USA. [Huang, Junqi] US EPA, Kerr Lab, Ada, OK 74821 USA. EM sushil.kanel@afit.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 430-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475103873 ER PT J AU Li, Z Sahle-Demessie, E Hassan, AA Sorial, GA AF Li, Zhen Sahle-Demessie, E. Hassan, Ashraf Aly Sorial, George A. TI Transport and the retention of nanoparticles in sand filters in municipal water treatment facilities: The role of surface active agents and filter sand biofilm SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Li, Zhen] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn Program, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. [Sahle-Demessie, E.; Hassan, Ashraf Aly; Sorial, George A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM liz2@mail.uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 158-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475103612 ER PT J AU Liu, XY Chen, GX Su, CM AF Liu, Xuyang Chen, Gexin Su, Chunming TI Surface changes and ion release kinetics of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in aqueous environment SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Liu, Xuyang; Chen, Gexin] CNR, Resident Res Associate, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Su, Chunming] US Environmentla Protect Agcy, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM liu.xuyang@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 421-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475103865 ER PT J AU MacCuspie, RI Rogers, K Patra, M Suo, ZY Allen, AJ Martin, MN Hackley, VA Akaighe, N Navarro, DA Aga, DS Banerjee, S Sohn, M Sharma, V Gorham, JM Fairbrother, DH Holbrook, RD AF MacCuspie, Robert I. Rogers, Kim Patra, Manomita Suo, Zhiyong Allen, Andrew J. Martin, Matthew N. Hackley, Vincent A. Akaighe, Nelson Navarro, Divina A. Aga, Diana S. Banerjee, Sarbajit Sohn, Mary Sharma, Virender Gorham, Justin M. Fairbrother, D. Howard Holbrook, R. David TI Silver nanoparticle metrology, chemistry and materials science for predicting environmental transformations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [MacCuspie, Robert I.; Allen, Andrew J.; Martin, Matthew N.; Hackley, Vincent A.; Gorham, Justin M.; Holbrook, R. David] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rogers, Kim; Patra, Manomita; Suo, Zhiyong] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Akaighe, Nelson; Sohn, Mary; Sharma, Virender] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Navarro, Divina A.; Aga, Diana S.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Fairbrother, D. Howard] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM robert.maccuspie@nist.gov RI Navarro, Divina/F-5733-2013; Martin, Matthew/N-1154-2015 OI Navarro, Divina/0000-0002-8271-3578; Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-6323-4096 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 170-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475103624 ER PT J AU Powell, T Bouchard, D AF Powell, Tremaine Bouchard, Dermont TI Surfactant wrapped carbon nanotube suspension stability and surface deposition SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Powell, Tremaine; Bouchard, Dermont] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM powell.tremaine@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 562-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475105317 ER PT J AU Rogers, KR Bradham, K Tolaymat, T Thomas, D AF Rogers, Kim R. Bradham, Karen Tolaymat, Thabet Thomas, David TI Alterations in physical state of silver nanoparticles exposed to synthetic human stomach fluid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rogers, Kim R.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Bradham, Karen; Thomas, David] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tolaymat, Thabet] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM rogers.kim@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 230-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475103682 ER PT J AU Rosenzweig, S Sorial, G Sahle-Demessie, E Luxton, T Harmon, S AF Rosenzweig, Shirley Sorial, George Sahle-Demessie, E. Luxton, Todd Harmon, Steve TI Adsorption mechanisms of copper species on multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs): Study of chemical structures and regeneration of hybrids and as-received CNTs SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rosenzweig, Shirley; Sorial, George] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Environm Engn Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Sahle-Demessie, E.; Luxton, Todd; Harmon, Steve] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shrosenzweig@fuse.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 425-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475103869 ER PT J AU Saha, A Leazer, J Varma, RS AF Saha, Amit Leazer, John Varma, Rajender S. TI Magnetically separable heterogeneous Pd nano-catalyst for C-O and C-C bond formation reactions in water SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Saha, Amit; Leazer, John; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Dept NRMRL, STD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM saha.amit@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 877-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203072 ER PT J AU Saha, A Leazer, J Varma, RS AF Saha, Amit Leazer, John Varma, Rajender S. TI Aqueous O-allylation of phenols using a magnetically separable nano-catalytic system SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Saha, Amit; Leazer, John; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Dept NRMRL, STD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM saha.amit@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 24-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503202254 ER PT J AU Shah, V Collins, D Cambria, N Kumar, N Walker, V Luxton, T AF Shah, Vishal Collins, Daniel Cambria, Natasha Kumar, Niraj Walker, Virginia Luxton, Todd TI Impact of nanoparticles to soil microbial community under field conditions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Shah, Vishal; Collins, Daniel; Cambria, Natasha] Dowling Coll, Dept Biol, Oakdale, NY 11769 USA. [Kumar, Niraj; Walker, Virginia] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Luxton, Todd] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shahv@dowling.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 184-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104968 ER PT J AU Vaddula, BR Leazer, J Varma, RS AF Vaddula, Buchi Reddy Leazer, John Varma, Rajender S. TI A greener route to N-arylation of sulfoximines using diaryliodonium salts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Vaddula, Buchi Reddy; Leazer, John; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM buchi639@yahoo.co.in NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 657-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503202853 ER PT J AU Vaddula, BR Leazer, J Varma, RS AF Vaddula, Buchi Reddy Leazer, John Varma, Rajender S. TI Hypervalent iodine reagents in the green synthesis of bioactive compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Vaddula, Buchi Reddy; Leazer, John; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM buchi639@yahoo.co.in NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 75-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503202303 ER PT J AU Aimola, P Carmignani, M Volpe, AR Di Benedetto, A Claudio, L Waalkes, MP van Bokhoven, A Tokar, EJ Claudio, PP AF Aimola, Pierpaolo Carmignani, Marco Volpe, Anna Rita Di Benedetto, Altomare Claudio, Luigi Waalkes, Michael P. van Bokhoven, Adrie Tokar, Erik J. Claudio, Pier Paolo TI Cadmium Induces p53-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Prostate Epithelial Cells SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INDUCED MALIGNANT-TRANSFORMATION; WISTAR CRL-(WI)BR RATS; DOSE-RESPONSE ANALYSIS; NOBLE NBL/CR RAT; INJECTION SITE; C-JUN; PROLIFERATIVE LESIONS; TUMOR SUPPRESSION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CANCER CELLS AB Cadmium, a widespread toxic pollutant of occupational and environmental concern, is a known human carcinogen. The prostate is a potential target for cadmium carcinogenesis, although the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Furthermore, cadmium may induce cell death by apoptosis in various cell types, and it has been hypothesized that a key factor in cadmium-induced malignant transformation is acquisition of apoptotic resistance. We investigated the in vitro effects produced by cadmium exposure in normal or tumor cells derived from human prostate epithelium, including RWPE-1 and its cadmium-transformed derivative CTPE, the primary adenocarcinoma 22Rv1 and CWR-R1 cells and LNCaP, PC-3 and DU145 metastatic cancer cell lines. Cells were treated for 24 hours with different concentrations of CdCl2 and apoptosis, cell cycle distribution and expression of tumor suppressor proteins were analyzed. Subsequently, cellular response to cadmium was evaluated after siRNA-mediated p53 silencing in wild type p53-expressing RWPE-1 and LNCaP cells, and after adenoviral p53 overexpression in p53-deficient DU145 and PC-3 cell lines. The cell lines exhibited different sensitivity to cadmium, and 24-hour exposure to different CdCl2 concentrations induced dose-and cell type-dependent apoptotic response and inhibition of cell proliferation that correlated with accumulation of functional p53 and overexpression of p21 in wild type p53-expressing cell lines. On the other hand, p53 silencing was able to suppress cadmium-induced apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that cadmium can induce p53-dependent apoptosis in human prostate epithelial cells and suggest p53 mutation as a possible contributing factor for the acquisition of apoptotic resistance in cadmium prostatic carcinogenesis. C1 [Aimola, Pierpaolo; Di Benedetto, Altomare; Claudio, Pier Paolo] Marshall Univ, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Joan C Edwards Sch Med, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. [Aimola, Pierpaolo; Carmignani, Marco; Volpe, Anna Rita; Di Benedetto, Altomare] Univ Aquila, Dept Basic & Appl Biol, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Claudio, Luigi] Fdn Senatore Pascale, Dept Urol, Natl Canc Inst, Naples, Italy. [Waalkes, Michael P.; Tokar, Erik J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [van Bokhoven, Adrie] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Pathol, Aurora, CO USA. [Claudio, Pier Paolo] Marshall Univ, Dept Surg, Joan C Edwards Sch Med, Huntington, WV USA. RP Aimola, P (reprint author), Marshall Univ, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Joan C Edwards Sch Med, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. EM claudiop@marshall.edu OI Claudio, Pier Paolo/0000-0001-7790-1622 FU National Cancer Institute [CA131395, CA140024]; NIH [COBRE 5P20RR020180, WV-INBRE 5P20RR016477]; Cell Differentiation and Development Center (CDDC), Marshall University; NTP; NIEHS; Marshall University Biochemistry Department; Marshall University Microbiology & Surgery Department FX The present studies were supported in part by the awards number CA131395 and CA140024 from the National Cancer Institute, and in part by NIH-COBRE 5P20RR020180, WV-INBRE 5P20RR016477, and the Cell Differentiation and Development Center (CDDC), Marshall University (to PPC). These studies were also supported in part by the NTP and NIEHS. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Cancer Institute or the National Institute of Health. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; We gratefully acknowledge the Marshall University Biochemistry and Microbiology & Surgery Departments for their support. NR 53 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e33647 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0033647 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 939YB UT WOS:000303855700053 PM 22448262 ER PT J AU Mattingly, CJ McKone, TE Callahan, MA Blake, JA Hubal, EAC AF Mattingly, Carolyn J. McKone, Thomas E. Callahan, Michael A. Blake, Judith A. Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen TI Providing the Missing Link: the Exposure Science Ontology ExO SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEALTH C1 [Mattingly, Carolyn J.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McKone, Thomas E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McKone, Thomas E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Callahan, Michael A.] MDB Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Blake, Judith A.] Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. [Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mattingly, CJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM cjmattin@ncsu.edu OI Blake, Judith/0000-0001-8522-334X FU American Chemistry Council Long Range Research Initiative FX The authors thank the working group members including Ruthann Rudel and Drs. Robin Dodson (Silent Spring Institute), Peter Egeghy (U.S. EPA National Exposure Research Laboratory), and Jane Hoppin (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) for contributing their expertise and providing valuable discussion and suggestions. Development of the ontology was made possible through support from the American Chemistry Council Long Range Research Initiative in a grant awarded to C.J.M. C.J.M. thanks Dr. Harold Drabkin for assistance with OBOEdit. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 6 BP 3046 EP 3053 DI 10.1021/es2033857 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910IK UT WOS:000301630200002 PM 22324457 ER PT J AU SanClements, MD Oelsner, GP McKnight, DM Stoddard, JL Nelson, SJ AF SanClements, Michael D. Oelsner, Gretchen P. McKnight, Diane M. Stoddard, John L. Nelson, Sarah J. TI New Insights into the Source of Decadal Increases of Dissolved Organic Matter in Acid-Sensitive Lakes of the Northeastern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR ACT AMENDMENTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; SURFACE WATERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON; SOIL; ACIDIFICATION; RECOVERY AB The last several decades have seen decreases in SO42- deposition across the northeastern United States. As a result, SO42- concentrations in lakes and streams have also decreased and many surface water bodies have become less acidic. During the same time period, there has been a concurrent increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOG) concentrations in many lakes and streams. We used fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize the dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality of archived samples from nine acid-sensitive lakes in Maine collected between 1993 and 2009, and determined that increased DOM contributions to lakes were primarily derived from litter and soil. All five lakes with increasing DOC trends demonstrated significant decreasing (i.e., more terrestrial) trends in fluorescence index (FI) and significant positive correlations between SO42- and FT. This study used the chemical signature of terrestrial DOM to support the hypothesis that increased DOC concentrations in lakes and streams are driven by declining acid deposition and increased solubility of soil organic matter across a large area of the landscape. C1 [SanClements, Michael D.; McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Oelsner, Gretchen P.; Stoddard, John L.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Nelson, Sarah J.] Univ Maine, Senator George J Mitchell Ctr Environm & Watershe, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP SanClements, MD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, 1560 30th St, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. EM michael.sanclements@colorado.edu; goelsner@usgs.gov OI Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130; MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 FU EPA ORD; EPA CAMD [IAG 06HQGR0143]; United States Geological Survey [G11AP20128]; National Science Foundation [ANT-0839027]; Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory [NSF-0724960] FX We thank Adam Baumann from Plymouth State and the University of New Hampshire for selecting and sending recent/archived sample aliquots from the US EPA USGS LTM/ TIME project. The US EPA USGS LTM/TIME project was funded by EPA ORD to J.S. Kahl, W. McDowell, S.J. Nelson, K.E. Webster; and EPA CAMD to W.H. McDowell, J.S. Kahl, S.J. Nelson (IAG 06HQGR0143), processed through Grant/Cooperative Agreement G11AP20128 from the United States Geological Survey. The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USGS. The authors would also like to acknowledge National Science Foundation award ANT-0839027 and the NSF-0724960 Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory for funding salary that contributed to this and other research on dissolved organic matter. Helpful review comments were provided by Matt Miller and four anonymous reviewers. NR 43 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 6 BP 3212 EP 3219 DI 10.1021/es204321x PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910IK UT WOS:000301630200024 PM 22369674 ER PT J AU Armstrong, BM Lazorchak, JM Murphy, CA Haring, HJ Jensen, KM Smith, ME AF Armstrong, Brandon M. Lazorchak, James M. Murphy, Cheryl A. Haring, Herman J. Jensen, Kathleen M. Smith, Mark E. TI Determining the effects of ammonia on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) reproduction SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ammonia; Toxicology; Flow-through; Reproduction; Promelas ID FRESH-WATER FISH; CHRONIC TOXICITY; END-POINTS; ENDOCRINE; VITELLOGENIN; EFFLUENT; LEVEL; RAFINESQUE AB Ammonia can cause adverse reproductive and mortality effects in individual fish by interacting with the central nervous system. The last published study that assessed the effects of ammonia on fathead minnow reproduction was a lifecycle study conducted in 1986. Our study's main goal was to re-evaluate ammonia toxicity on fathead minnow Pimephales promelas reproduction using a 20-day fecundity flow-through diluter method. Flow-through diluter systems have been used by regulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in the past as an effective way to estimate acceptable levels of contaminants. There was a significant difference in cumulative egg production among treatments (ANOVA: F = 10.167, p <= 0.01, df = 3). All three concentrations of ammonia tested in this study significantly reduced fecundity after 20 days of exposure (Dunnett's, p <= 0.05 for each treatment). The lowest un-ionized ammonia concentration (0.06 mg/L at a pH of 7.3 and temperature of 25.1 degrees C) tested during this study resulted in a 29% decrease in cumulative fecundity. Because all tested ammonia concentrations caused an effect on P. promelas reproduction, the no effect concentration was estimated to be 0.025 mg/L un-ionized ammonia (2.19 mg/L total ammonia-nitrogen). This estimate was determined using the U.S. EPA Toxicity Relationship Analysis Program to calculate the 10% effect concentration of ammonia on P. promelas reproduction. This value is much lower than the previous reported no effect concentration on P. promelas reproduction (0.37 mg/L un-ionized ammonia or 6.43 mg/L total ammonia-nitrogen) as determined from the 1986 study, which was used to determine the ammonia water quality criteria by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Our results should be considered in the next revision of water quality criteria. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lazorchak, James M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Armstrong, Brandon M.; Murphy, Cheryl A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Murphy, Cheryl A.] Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Haring, Herman J.; Smith, Mark E.] US EPA, McConnell Grp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Jensen, Kathleen M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Lazorchak, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lazorchak.jim@epa.gov OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 420 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.005 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 914ZA UT WOS:000301991200014 PM 22330422 ER PT J AU Lozano, N Rice, CP Pagano, J Zintek, L Barber, LB Murphy, EW Nettesheim, T Minarik, T Schoenfuss, HL AF Lozano, Nuria Rice, Clifford P. Pagano, James Zintek, Larry Barber, Larry B. Murphy, Elizabeth W. Nettesheim, Todd Minarik, Tom Schoenfuss, Heiko L. TI Concentration of organic contaminants in fish and their biological effects in a wastewater-dominated urban stream SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Alkylphenol ethoxylates; Endocrine effects; Persistent pollutants; Fish residues; Nonylphenol ethoxylates ID CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; P-NONYLPHENOL ISOMERS; MALE FATHEAD MINNOWS; ALKYLPHENOL-ETHOXYLATES; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; CUYAHOGA RIVER AB Data are presented on the concentrations of alkylphenol and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) and persistent organic compounds in largemouth bass collected from a waste-water dominated stream in downtown Chicago. The fish residue concentrations of APES are compared to concentrations of the APEs in the water that were collected at weekly intervals over two months bracketing the fall (2006) and a spring (2007) fish collection. The concentrations of APEs were significantly higher in the spring-collected fish (5.42 mu g/g) versus the fall (0.99 mu g/g) tand these differences were shared by differences in the water concentrations (spring - 11.47 versus fall - 3.44 mu g/L). The differences in water concentration were negatively correlated with water temperatures observed over the two sampling times. Fish residue concentrations of persistent organic compounds (PCBs, PBDEs, toxaphene, and many legacy pesticides including the DDT family) did not vary from fall to spring. Some of these residue concentrations were comparable to the highest NPE (nonylphenol ethoxylate) homologue concentrations, e.g. NP1EO was 3.5 mu g/g in the bass for the spring, the PBDE-congener 47 and p,p'-DDE averaged 1.0 mu g/g and 0.5 mu g/g, respectively, over both seasons. All the other persistent single-analyte concentrations were lower. Biological endpoints for endocrine effects measured in the same fish showed that there was an apparent positive correlation for physiological effects based on increased vitellogenin levels in males versus concentration of NPEs; however there were no observable histological differences in fall versus spring fish samples. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lozano, Nuria; Rice, Clifford P.] ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lozano, Nuria] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pagano, James] SUNY Coll Oswego, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Zintek, Larry] US EPA, Chicago Reg Lab, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Murphy, Elizabeth W.; Nettesheim, Todd] US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Minarik, Tom] Metropolitan Water Reclamat Dist Greater Chicago, Cicero, IL 60804 USA. [Schoenfuss, Heiko L.] St Cloud State Univ, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. RP Rice, CP (reprint author), ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, ANRI, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Clifford.Rice@ars.usda.gov FU Region V, EPA FX Thanks go out to Peter Howe for all his continuing support of this type of research while employed by Region V, EPA. Also contributions from Chiara Zuccarino-Crowe need to be acknowledged as well as the amazing team effort that was involved in bringing all of this research to completion. Use of trade names is for identification purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 76 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 420 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.059 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 914ZA UT WOS:000301991200020 PM 22341470 ER PT J AU Randall, PM AF Randall, Paul M. TI Arsenic encapsulation using Portland cement with ferrous sulfate/lime and Terra-Bond (TM) technologies - Microcharacterization and leaching studies SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Stabilization; Encapsulation; Leaching; X-ray absorption ID RAY-DIFFRACTION XRD; CCA-TREATED WOOD; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION; IMMOBILIZATION; SPECIATION; SOILS; STABILIZATION; CONTAMINANTS; RELEASE; WASTES AB This work reports the results of an investigation on the treatment and encapsulation of arsenic-containing materials by Portland cement with ferrous sulfate and lime (PFL) and Terra-Bond (TM), a commercially available patented technology. The arsenic materials included: chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood materials; scorodite-rich mine tailings from the 12 Trinidad Mine in California; and a soil/smelter dust mixture from the Anaconda Superfund site spiked with monosodium methyl arsenate (MSMA) to simulate an organoarsenic soil material. SEM/EDS and XRD spectra of PFL treated samples showed similarity across all three waste materials while Terra-Bond treated samples showed predominance of elemental sulfur. SEM/EDS of PFL treated samples showed that calcium was imbedded in the structure while micrographs of Terra-Bond treated samples showed the appearance of an epoxy material on the surface. The epoxy material appears to be responsible for encapsulating and reducing the leachability of arsenic. XANES spectra for the PFL treatment of CCA-containing samples showed that arsenic has a predominant pentavalent form (As +5), and the PFL treatment process did not alter the arsenic oxidation state. But, distinct differences were observed for XANES spectra of untreated and PFL treated scorodite-rich mine tailing which changed the arsenic coordination structure from a mixture of As (+3/+5) to exclusively As (+5). Both S/S techniques reduced the amount of arsenic released in the leaching tests. Most cases show lower amounts of arsenic released from wastes treated by the Terra-Bond (TM) technique when compared to the PFL technique. The pH of the solution significantly affected the leachability, with the amount of arsenic released increasing with pH. Sequential extraction results indicate that sodium hydroxide was favorable in releasing arsenic in the mine tailings. This is due to ligand displacement reactions of hydroxyl ions with arsenic species and high pH conditions that prevent the readsorption of arsenic. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Randall, PM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM randall.paul@epa.gov RI Randall, Paul/M-6232-2014 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. Part of this research was carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy. I am grateful to Battelle labs in Columbus, OH for analytical work and Dr. Chia-Chen Chen (University of Texas) for assistance with the EXAFS and XANES work. I am also grateful to Roger Yeardley for graphics assistance and to the anonymous reviewers who improved upon this work. This research has not been subjected to Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names and products should not be interpreted as conveying official EPA approval, endorsement, or recommendation. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 420 BP 300 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.066 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 914ZA UT WOS:000301991200031 PM 22335881 ER PT J AU Rogers, KR Bradham, K Tolaymat, T Thomas, DJ Hartmann, T Ma, LZ Williams, A AF Rogers, Kim R. Bradham, Karen Tolaymat, Thabet Thomas, David J. Hartmann, Thomas Ma, Longzhou Williams, Alan TI Alterations in physical state of silver nanoparticles exposed to synthetic human stomach fluid SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Silver nanoparticles; Synthetic stomach fluid; Nanoparticle characterization; Exposure; Bioavailability ID SURFACE-CHARGE; ORAL TOXICITY; NANO-SILVER; PH; SPECIATION; INGESTION; RELEASE; ARGYRIA; TISSUE; RISK AB The bioavailability of ingested silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) depends in large part on initial particle size, shape and surface coating, properties which will influence aggregation, solubility and chemical composition during transit of the gastrointestinal tract. Citrate-stabilized AgNPs were exposed to synthetic human stomach fluid (SSF) (pH 1.5) and changes in size, shape, zeta potential, hydrodynamic diameter and chemical composition were determined during a 1 h exposure period using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (TEM/EDS), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) combined with Rietveld analysis. Exposure of AgNPs to SSF produced a rapid decrease in the SPR peak at 414 nm and the appearance of a broad absorbance peak in the near infrared (NIR) spectral region. During exposure to SSF, changes in zeta potential, aggregation and morphology of the particles were also observed as well as production of silver chloride which appeared physically associated with particle aggregates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rogers, Kim R.; Williams, Alan] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Bradham, Karen; Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tolaymat, Thabet] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hartmann, Thomas; Ma, Longzhou] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Rogers, KR (reprint author), US EPA, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM rogers.kim@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD) FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), has funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 420 BP 334 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.044 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 914ZA UT WOS:000301991200035 PM 22330420 ER PT J AU Ang, R Sebastian, S Ludwig, A Birnbaumer, L Tinker, A AF Ang, R. Sebastian, S. Ludwig, A. Birnbaumer, L. Tinker, A. TI Mice with conditional knockout of Galphai2 in the cardiac pacemaker system exhibit tachycardia with loss of HF power on HRV analysis SO CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Congress of the European-Society-of-Cardiology Council on Basic Cardiovascular Science - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Biology CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2012 CL London, ENGLAND SP European Soc Cardiol C1 [Ang, R.] UCL, Ctr Clin Pharmacol, London, England. [Sebastian, S.; Tinker, A.] Barts & London Queen Marys Sch Med & Dent, London, England. [Ludwig, A.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Expt & Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Birnbaumer, L.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0008-6363 J9 CARDIOVASC RES JI Cardiovasc. Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 93 SU 1 BP S20 EP S20 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 914TQ UT WOS:000301975800070 ER PT J AU De Arras, L Yang, IV Lackford, B Riches, DWH Prekeris, R Freedman, JH Schwartz, DA Alper, S AF De Arras, Lesly Yang, Ivana V. Lackford, Brad Riches, David W. H. Prekeris, Rytis Freedman, Jonathan H. Schwartz, David A. Alper, Scott TI Spatiotemporal Inhibition of Innate Immunity Signaling by the Tbc1d23 RAB-GAP SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; NF-KAPPA-B; UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE; PATTERN-RECOGNITION RECEPTORS; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; XBP1 MESSENGER-RNA; IFN-BETA INDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; ACTIVATION; MACROPHAGES AB We previously identified Tbc1d23 as a candidate novel regulator of innate immunity using comparative genomics RNA interference screens in Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse macrophages. Using Tbc1d23 knockout mice and macrophages engineered to overexpress Tbc1d23, we now show that Tbc1d23 is a general inhibitor of innate immunity signaling, strongly inhibiting multiple TLR and dectin-signaling pathways. Tbc1d23 likely acts downstream of the TLR-signaling adaptors MyD88 and Trif and upstream of the transcription factor XBP1. Importantly, like XBP1, Tbc1d23 affects the maintenance, but not the initiation, of inflammatory cytokine production induced by LPS. Tbc1d23 acts as a RAB-GAP to regulate innate immunity signaling. Thus, Tbc1d23 exerts its inhibitory effect on innate immunity signaling in a spatiotemporal fashion. The identification of a novel spatiotemporal regulator of innate immunity signaling validates the comparative genomics approach for innate immunity gene discovery. The Journal of Immunology, 2012, 188: 2905-2913. C1 [De Arras, Lesly; Riches, David W. H.; Alper, Scott] Natl Jewish Hlth, Integrated Dept Immunol, Denver, CO 80206 USA. [De Arras, Lesly; Riches, David W. H.; Alper, Scott] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80206 USA. [De Arras, Lesly; Yang, Ivana V.; Schwartz, David A.; Alper, Scott] Natl Jewish Hlth, Ctr Genes Environm & Hlth, Denver, CO 80206 USA. [Yang, Ivana V.; Riches, David W. H.; Schwartz, David A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Med, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Lackford, Brad] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Riches, David W. H.] Natl Jewish Hlth, Cell Biol Program, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80206 USA. [Prekeris, Rytis] Univ Colorado, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Freedman, Jonathan H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, NIH, Durham, NC 27709 USA. RP Alper, S (reprint author), Natl Jewish Hlth, Integrated Dept Immunol, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206 USA. EM alpers@njhealth.org FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R21ES019256, Z01ES102045, Z01ES101946]; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute FX This work was supported by R21ES019256 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the Intramural Research Programs of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01ES102045 and Z01ES101946). NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 188 IS 6 BP 2905 EP 2913 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.1102595 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 903OD UT WOS:000301126000046 PM 22312129 ER PT J AU Buse, HY Schoen, ME Ashbolt, NJ AF Buse, Helen Y. Schoen, Mary E. Ashbolt, Nicholas J. TI Legionellae in engineered systems and use of quantitative microbial risk assessment to predict exposure SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Legionella pneumophila; Engineered water systems; Legionella detection; Legionella occurrence; QMRA ID WATER DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; INDUSTRIAL COOLING-TOWERS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; DRINKING-WATER; ASSESSMENT MODEL; PONTIAC FEVER; PNEUMOPHILA; OUTBREAK; AMEBAS AB While it is well-established that Legionella are able to colonize engineered water systems, the number of interacting factors contributing to their occurrence, proliferation, and persistence are unclear. This review summarizes current methods used to detect and quantify legionellae as well as the current knowledge of engineered water system characteristics that both favour and promote legionellae growth. Furthermore, the use of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) models to predict potentially critical human exposures to legionellae are also discussed. Understanding the conditions favouring Legionella occurrence in engineered systems and their overall ecology (growth in these systems/biofilms, biotic interactions and release) will aid in developing new treatment technologies and/or systems that minimize or eliminate human exposure to potentially pathogenic legionellae. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Buse, Helen Y.; Schoen, Mary E.; Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Buse, HY (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 579, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM buse.helen@epa.gov NR 101 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 60 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 921 EP 933 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2011.12.022 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 896BI UT WOS:000300540000001 PM 22209280 ER PT J AU Hand, JL Schichtel, BA Pitchford, M Malm, WC Frank, NH AF Hand, J. L. Schichtel, B. A. Pitchford, M. Malm, W. C. Frank, N. H. TI Seasonal composition of remote and urban fine particulate matter in the United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TRANSBOUNDARY POLLUTION INFLUENCES; AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SHENANDOAH-NATIONAL-PARK; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; AIR-QUALITY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ORGANIC-CARBON; BLACK CARBON; NEW-YORK; SULFATE CONCENTRATIONS AB Speciated aerosol composition data from the rural Interagency Monitoring for Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network and the Environmental Protection Agency's urban/suburban Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) were combined to evaluate and contrast the PM2.5 composition and its seasonal patterns at urban and rural locations throughout the United States. We examined the 2005-2008 monthly and annual mean mass concentrations of PM2.5 ammonium sulfate (AS), ammonium nitrate (AN), particulate organic matter (POM), light-absorbing carbon (LAC), mineral soil, and sea salt from 168 rural and 176 urban sites. Urban and rural AS concentrations and seasonality were similar, and both were substantially higher in the eastern United States. Urban POM and LAC concentrations were higher than rural concentrations and were associated with very different seasonality depending on location. The highest urban and rural POM and LAC concentrations occurred in the southeastern and northwestern United States. Wintertime peaks in AN were common for both urban and rural sites, but urban concentrations were several times higher, and both were highest in California and the Midwest. Fine soil concentrations were highest in the Southwest, and similar regional patterns and seasonality in urban and rural concentrations suggested impacts from long-range transport. Contributions from sea salt to the PM2.5 budget were non-negligible only at coastal sites. This analysis revealed spatial and seasonal variability in urban and rural aerosol concentrations on a continental scale and provided insights into their sources, processes, and lifetimes. C1 [Hand, J. L.; Schichtel, B. A.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Air Resources Div, Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pitchford, M.] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Frank, N. H.] US EPA, Air Qual Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hand, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Air Resources Div, Natl Pk Serv, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM hand@cira.colostate.edu FU National Park Service [H2370094000] FX This work was funded by the National Park Service under contract H2370094000. We thank three anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments and suggestions. The assumptions, findings, conclusions, judgments, and views presented herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the National Park Service policies. NR 120 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 96 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 13 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D05209 DI 10.1029/2011JD017122 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910VD UT WOS:000301670300005 ER PT J AU Miao, YL Stein, P Jefferson, WN Padilla-Banks, E Williams, CJ AF Miao, Yi-Liang Stein, Paula Jefferson, Wendy N. Padilla-Banks, Elizabeth Williams, Carmen J. TI Calcium influx-mediated signaling is required for complete mouse egg activation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CELL-CYCLE RESUMPTION; CA2+ OSCILLATIONS; FERTILIZATION; PROTEIN; SPERM; ENTRY; STIMULATION; POLYSPERMY; TRANSIENTS; RESPONSES AB Mammalian fertilization is accompanied by oscillations in egg cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) concentrations that are critical for completion of egg activation. These oscillations are initiated by Ca2+ release from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-sensitive intracellular stores. We tested the hypothesis that Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane was a requisite component of egg activation signaling, and not simply a Ca2+ source for store repletion. Using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and standard in vitro fertilization (IVF), we found that Ca2+ influx was not required to initiate resumption of meiosis II. However, even if multiple oscillations in intracellular Ca2+ occurred, in the absence of Ca2+ influx, the fertilized eggs failed to emit the second polar body, resulting in formation of three pronuclei. Additional experiments using the Ca2+ chelator, BAPTA/AM, demonstrated that Ca2+ influx is sufficient to support polar body emission and pronucleus formation after only a single sperm-induced Ca2+ transient, whereas BAPTA/AM-treated ICSI or fertilized eggs cultured in Ca2+-free medium remained arrested in metaphase II. Inhibition of store-operated Ca2+ entry had no effect on ICSI-induced egg activation, so Ca2+ influx through alternative channels must participate in egg activation signaling. Ca2+ influx appears to be upstream of CaMKII gamma activity because eggs can be parthenogenetically activated with a constitutively active form of CaMKII gamma in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. These results suggest that Ca2+ influx at fertilization not only maintains Ca2+ oscillations by replenishing Ca2+ stores, but also activates critical signaling pathways upstream of CaMKII gamma that are required for second polar body emission. C1 [Miao, Yi-Liang; Jefferson, Wendy N.; Padilla-Banks, Elizabeth; Williams, Carmen J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod Med Grp, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Stein, Paula] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Williams, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod Med Grp, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM williamsc5@niehs.nih.gov RI Williams, Carmen/E-2170-2013 OI Williams, Carmen/0000-0001-6440-7086 FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES102985] FX We thank Jurrien Dean (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases) for the mZP2 antibody and Glaxo Smith Kline for the gift of Synta66; Jim Putney and Gary Bird (National Institute on Environmental Health Sciences) for critical reading of the manuscript and advice throughout this project; and Grace Kissling (National Institute on Environmental Health Sciences) for assistance with statistical analyses. This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Grant Z01-ES102985. NR 33 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 13 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 11 BP 4169 EP 4174 DI 10.1073/pnas.1112333109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 907OH UT WOS:000301426700034 PM 22371584 ER PT J AU Jiang, QX Lust, RM Strynar, MJ Dagnino, S DeWitt, JC AF Jiang, Qixiao Lust, Robert M. Strynar, Mark J. Dagnino, Sonia DeWitt, Jamie C. TI Perflurooctanoic acid induces developmental cardiotoxicity in chicken embryos and hatchlings SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Perflurooctanoic acid; Chicken embryo; Immunohistochemistry; Cardiac ultrasound; Cardiac myofibril ATPase ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; ADULT-BLOOD DONORS; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; DRINKING-WATER; HEART-DISEASE; SERUM; SULFONATE; EXPOSURE; FLUOROCHEMICALS; EXPRESSION AB Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a widespread environmental contaminant that is detectable in serum of the general U.S. population. PFOA is a known developmental toxicant that induces mortality in mammalian embryos and is thought to induce toxicity via interaction with the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha). As the cardiovascular system is crucial for embryonic survival. PFOA-induced effects on the heart may partially explain embryonic mortality. To assess impacts of PFOA exposure on the developing heart in an avian model, we used histopathology and immunohistochemical staining for myosin to assess morphological alterations in 19-day-old chicken embryo hearts after PFOA exposure. Additionally, echocardiography and cardiac myofibril ATPase activity assays were used to assess functional alterations in 1-day-old hatchling chickens following developmental PFOA exposure. Overall thinning and thinning of a dense layer of myosin in the right ventricular wall were observed in PFOA-exposed chicken embryo hearts. Alteration of multiple cardiac structural and functional parameters, including left ventricular wall thickness, left ventricular volume, heart rate, stroke volume, and ejection fraction were detected with echocardiography in the exposed hatchling chickens. Assessment of ATPase activity indicated that the ratio of cardiac myofibril calcium-independent ATPase activity to calcium-dependent ATPase activity was not affected, which suggests that developmental PFOA exposure may not affect cardiac energetics. In summary, structural and functional characteristics of the heart appear to be developmental targets of PFOA, possibly at the level of cardiomyocytes. Additional studies will investigate mechanisms of PFOA-induced developmental cardiotoxicity. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiang, Qixiao; DeWitt, Jamie C.] E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. [Lust, Robert M.] E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. [Strynar, Mark J.; Dagnino, Sonia] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Methods Dev & Applicat Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP DeWitt, JC (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, 600 Moye Blvd, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. EM dewittj@ecu.edu OI DeWitt, Jamie/0000-0002-0440-4059 NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAR 11 PY 2012 VL 293 IS 1-3 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2012.01.005 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 910HI UT WOS:000301627400010 PM 22273728 ER PT J AU Hong, T Gurian, PL Huang, Y Haas, CN AF Hong, Tao Gurian, Patrick L. Huang, Yin Haas, Charles N. TI Prioritizing Risks and Uncertainties from Intentional Release of Selected Category A Pathogens SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE PASTEURELLA-TULARENSIS; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS SPORES; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; QUANTITATIVE PCR; FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; AEROSOL SURVIVAL; WARFARE AGENTS; INFECTION; VIRUS AB This paper synthesizes available information on five Category A pathogens (Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, Variola major and Lassa) to develop quantitative guidelines for how environmental pathogen concentrations may be related to human health risk in an indoor environment. An integrated model of environmental transport and human health exposure to biological pathogens is constructed which 1) includes the effects of environmental attenuation, 2) considers fomite contact exposure as well as inhalational exposure, and 3) includes an uncertainty analysis to identify key input uncertainties, which may inform future research directions. The findings provide a framework for developing the many different environmental standards that are needed for making risk-informed response decisions, such as when prophylactic antibiotics should be distributed, and whether or not a contaminated area should be cleaned up. The approach is based on the assumption of uniform mixing in environmental compartments and is thus applicable to areas sufficiently removed in time and space from the initial release that mixing has produced relatively uniform concentrations. Results indicate that when pathogens are released into the air, risk from inhalation is the main component of the overall risk, while risk from ingestion (dermal contact for B. anthracis) is the main component of the overall risk when pathogens are present on surfaces. Concentrations sampled from untracked floor, walls and the filter of heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system are proposed as indicators of previous exposure risk, while samples taken from touched surfaces are proposed as indicators of future risk if the building is reoccupied. A Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis is conducted and input-output correlations used to identify important parameter uncertainties. An approach is proposed for integrating these quantitative assessments of parameter uncertainty with broader, qualitative considerations to identify future research priorities. C1 [Hong, Tao] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Gurian, Patrick L.; Haas, Charles N.] Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Huang, Yin] US FDA, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Hong, T (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. EM hongtao510@gmail.com RI Gurian, Patrick/A-8365-2013; Haas, Charles/G-8830-2011 OI Gurian, Patrick/0000-0001-7456-9740; Haas, Charles/0000-0002-9255-9930 FU Center for Advancing Microbial Risk Assessment; United States Environmental Protection Agency; United States Department of Homeland Security, under Science to Achieve Results (STAR) [R83236201] FX This research was funded through the Center for Advancing Microbial Risk Assessment, supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and United States Department of Homeland Security, under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grant program (grant number:R83236201). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 6 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e32732 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032732 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 928XD UT WOS:000303021100025 PM 22412915 ER PT J AU Lieben, I Boisvert, I AF Lieben, Ivan Boisvert, Ian TI Making Renewable Energy FiT: A Feed-in-Tariff Certifying Body Could Accelerate Renewable Energy Deployment in the United States SO NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Now is the time for the United States to accelerate its deployment of renewable energy (RE). Feed-in-Tariffs (FiTs) provide the best vehicle for achieving this important goal. FiTs are government-mandated, long-term purchase contracts offered to RE generators at wholesale rates that return to them the cost of installation plus a reasonable profit. Germany has the world's highest amount of installed solar power due to its implementation of FiTs. To spur proper implementation of FiTs in the United States, we recommend the creation of a FiT Certification Board (FCB) to certify that state and local FiT programs meet minimum, necessary elements for effective FiTs. Of all competing policies at promoting RE development, FiTs provide the best and most efficient mechanism. However, unlike in Germany, Spain, and many other countries, FiTs are not widely established in the United States notwithstanding a strong desire to promote RE domestically. Where states have tried something like FiTs, the results have been discouraging because their FiTs lack the necessary components to make them effective. In addition, federal laws, such as the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act and the Federal Powers Act, along with the varied nature of energy markets in the United States, create additional barriers to widespread FiT adoption. We believe that the creation and functioning of the FCB will help to overcome these barriers. The FCB can work collaboratively with governments to craft optimal FiT laws and programs which are consistent with federal law. The FCB would then certify that those laws or programs meet RE deployment goals. To determine the minimum elements and necessary components to guide certification, we draw from European and other international experiences. We believe that the FCB could help unleash RE in the United States on unprecedented levels. RP Lieben, I (reprint author), US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 109 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO, SCH LAW PI ALBUQUERQUE PA MSC11-6070, 1 UNIVERSITY NEW MEXICO, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA SN 0028-0739 J9 NAT RESOUR J JI Nat. Resour. J. PD SPR PY 2012 VL 52 IS 1 BP 157 EP 193 PG 37 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA 014MI UT WOS:000309379500005 ER PT J AU Solomon, PA AF Solomon, Paul A. TI Introduction: special issue of air quality, atmosphere and health for air pollution and health: bridging the gap from sources-to-health outcomes SO AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Solomon, PA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM solomon.paul@epa.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1873-9318 J9 AIR QUAL ATMOS HLTH JI Air Qual. Atmos. Health PD MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1007/s11869-011-0165-0 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 015XP UT WOS:000309480000002 ER PT J AU Solomon, PA Costantini, M Grahame, TJ Gerlofs-Nijland, ME Cassee, FR Russell, AG Brook, JR Hopke, PK Hidy, G Phalen, RF Saldiva, P Sarnat, SE Balmes, JR Tager, IB Ozkaynak, H Vedal, S Wierman, SSG Costa, DL AF Solomon, Paul A. Costantini, Maria Grahame, Thomas J. Gerlofs-Nijland, Miriam E. Cassee, Flemming R. Russell, Armistead G. Brook, Jeffrey R. Hopke, Philip K. Hidy, George Phalen, Robert F. Saldiva, Paulo Sarnat, Stefanie Ebelt Balmes, John R. Tager, Ira B. Oezkaynak, Haluk Vedal, Sverre Wierman, Susan S. G. Costa, Daniel L. TI Air pollution and health: bridging the gap from sources to health outcomes: conference summary SO AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Sources; Pollutants; Multipollutant; Atmospheric chemistry; Exposure; Dose; Health effects; Particulate matter; Cardiovascular disease; Respiratory disease; Mechanisms; Susceptibility; Vulnerability; Confounding; Policy ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; CONCENTRATED AMBIENT PARTICLES; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; MARGINAL STRUCTURAL MODELS; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; PM SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; ST-SEGMENT DEPRESSION; RECENT FIELD PROGRAMS AB "Air Pollution and Health: Bridging the Gap from Sources to Health Outcomes," an international specialty conference sponsored by the American Association for Aerosol Research, was held to address key uncertainties in our understanding of adverse health effects related to air pollution and to integrate and disseminate results from recent scientific studies that cut across a range of air pollution-related disciplines. The Conference addressed the science of air pollution and health within a multipollutant framework (herein "multipollutant" refers to gases and particulate matter mass, components, and physical properties), focusing on five key science areas: sources, atmospheric sciences, exposure, dose, and health effects. Eight key policy-relevant science questions integrated across various parts of the five science areas and a ninth question regarding findings that provide policy-relevant insights served as the framework for the meeting. Results synthesized from this Conference provide new evidence, reaffirm past findings, and offer guidance for future research efforts that will continue to incrementally advance the science required for reducing uncertainties in linking sources, air pollutants, human exposure, and health effects. This paper summarizes the Conference findings organized around the science questions. A number of key points emerged from the Conference findings. First, there is a need for greater focus on multipollutant science and management approaches that include more direct studies of the mixture of pollutants from sources with an emphasis on health studies at ambient concentrations. Further, a number of research groups reaffirmed a need for better understanding of biological mechanisms and apparent associations of various health effects with components of particulate matter (PM), such as elemental carbon, certain organic species, ultrafine particles, and certain trace elements such as Ni, V, and Fe(II), as well as some gaseous pollutants. Although much debate continues in this area, generation of reactive oxygen species induced by these and other species present in air pollution and the resulting oxidative stress and inflammation were reiterated as key pathways leading to respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. The Conference also underscored significant advances in understanding the susceptibility of populations, including the role of genetics and epigenetics and the influence of socioeconomic and other confounding factors and their synergistic interactions with air pollutants. Participants also pointed out that short-and long-term intervention episodes that reduce pollution from sources and improve air quality continue to indicate that when pollution decreases so do reported adverse health effects. In the limited number of cases where specific sources or PM2.5 species were included in investigations, specific species are often associated with the decrease in effects. Other recent advances for improved exposure estimates for epidemiological studies included using new technologies such as microsensors combined with cell phone and integrated into real-time communications, hybrid air quality modeling such as combined receptor-and emission-based models, and surface observations used with remote sensing such as satellite data. C1 [Solomon, Paul A.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Costantini, Maria] Hlth Effects Inst, Boston, MA USA. [Grahame, Thomas J.] US DOE, Washington, DC USA. [Gerlofs-Nijland, Miriam E.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Russell, Armistead G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Brook, Jeffrey R.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Hopke, Philip K.] Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY USA. [Hidy, George] Envair Aerochem, Placitas, NM USA. [Phalen, Robert F.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Saldiva, Paulo] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Sarnat, Stefanie Ebelt] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Balmes, John R.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Tager, Ira B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Oezkaynak, Haluk; Costa, Daniel L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Vedal, Sverre] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wierman, Susan S. G.] Mid Atlantic Reg Air Management Assoc, Towson, MD USA. RP Solomon, PA (reprint author), US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM solomon.paul@epa.gov RI Saldiva, Paulo/D-7385-2012; Risco ambiental, Inct/H-9808-2013; Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Saldiva, Paulo/0000-0003-2005-8253; Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 FU American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR) FX The 2010 Air Pollution and Health Conference, sponsored by the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR), would not have been possible without the generous support of a number of organizations as given at the Conference website (http://aaar.2010specialty.org). AAAR members along with AAAR staff also were pivotal in making the Conference a huge success. Special thanks are given to Dr. Maria Costantini, Conference co-chair, and others on the Conference committees listed at http://aaar.2010-specialty.org/. Much appreciated are reviews of the manuscript by Dr. Jonathan M. Samet of the University of Southern California. Authors on this paper volunteered their time to produce this informative summary of the Conference to help ensure dissemination of the findings to those who could not attend. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development managed the development of this journal article. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 213 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 100 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1873-9318 J9 AIR QUAL ATMOS HLTH JI Air Qual. Atmos. Health PD MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 SI SI BP 9 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s11869-011-0161-4 PG 54 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 015XP UT WOS:000309480000003 ER PT J AU Sherrod, L Sauck, W Werkema, DD AF Sherrod, Laura Sauck, William Werkema, D. Dale, Jr. TI A Low-Cost, In Situ Resistivity and Temperature Monitoring System SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID SAVANNA RIVER SITE; BOREHOLE RADAR; TOMOGRAPHY; INVERSION; MODEL AB We present a low-cost, reliable method for long-term in situ autonomous monitoring of subsurface resistivity and temperature in a shallow, moderately heterogeneous subsurface. Probes, to be left in situ, were constructed at relatively low cost with an electrode spacing of 5 cm. Once installed, these were wired to the CR-1000 Campbell Scientific Inc. datalogger at the surface to electrically image infiltration fronts in the shallow subsurface. This system was constructed and installed in June 2005 to collect apparent resistivity and temperature data from 96 subsurface electrodes set to a pole-pole resistivity array pattern and 14 thermistors at regular intervals of 30 cm through May of 2008. From these data, a temperature and resistivity relationship was determined within the vadose zone (to a depth of similar to 1 m) and within the saturated zone (at depths between 1 and 2 m). The high vertical resolution of the data with resistivity measurements on a scale of 5-cm spacing coupled with surface precipitation measurements taken at 3-min intervals for a period of roughly 3 years allowed unique observations of infiltration related to seasonal changes. Both the vertical resistivity instrument probes and the data logger system functioned well for the duration of the test period and demonstrated the capability of this low-cost monitoring system. C1 [Sherrod, Laura] Kutztown State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. [Sauck, William] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geosci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Werkema, D. Dale, Jr.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Sherrod, L (reprint author), Kutztown State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. EM sherrod@kutztown.edu OI Sauck, William/0000-0003-2911-3044 FU Michigan Space Grant Consortium FX Funding for this project was provided by the Michigan Space Grant Consortium Graduate Research Fellowship. The authors wish to thank Mr. Rockie Keeley for the use of his land as a field test site. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for presentation, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by EPA for use. We also appreciate the comments from reviewers, which strengthened and clarified this manuscript. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01380.x PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 936MX UT WOS:000303595600002 ER PT J AU Mohamoud, YM Prieto, LM AF Mohamoud, Yusuf M. Prieto, Lourdes M. TI Effect of Temporal and Spatial Rainfall Resolution on HSPF Predictive Performance and Parameter Estimation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE HSPF; Spatial resolution; Temporal resolution; Parameter estimation; Model performance; Watershed modeling ID HYDROLOGICAL SIMULATION PROGRAM; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; MODEL PARAMETERS; VARIABILITY; RUNOFF; PRECIPITATION; RADAR; UNCERTAINTY; IMPACT; FLOW AB Watershed-scale rainfall-runoff models are used for environmental management and regulatory modeling applications, but their effectiveness is limited by predictive uncertainties associated with model input data. This study evaluated the effect of temporal and spatial rainfall resolution on the predictive performance of Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) using manual and automatic calibration procedures. Furthermore, the effect of automatic parameter estimation on the physical significance of calibrated parameter values was evaluated. Temporal resolutions examined included 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h, and spatial resolution effects evaluated included the effect of a spatially averaged network of four rain gauges and Next-Generation Radar (NEXRAD) for selected rain events. Model efficiencies ranged from 0.31 to 0.86 when individual rain gauges (RG71, RG73, RG74, and RG77) were used one at a time. Model efficiency improved and ranged from 0.86 to 0.94 when a spatially averaged network of four rain gauges was used. The effect of temporal resolution on model performance varied with rain gauge location in the watershed and with use of a single gauge or spatially averaged rain gauges for model calibration. Rainfall resolution has a strong influence on parameter estimation because, to achieve high model performance, parameter values must shift whenever the resolution of the rainfall data is changed. Despite a shift in parameter values as a result of changes in rainfall resolution, the results showed that Parameter Estimation Software (PEST)-calibrated values remained within their parameter bounds. In summary, results obtained from a medium-sized Piedmont watershed in Georgia, USA, revealed that model performance was more sensitive to spatial resolution than temporal resolution. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000457. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Mohamoud, Yusuf M.; Prieto, Lourdes M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Mohamoud, YM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Mohamoud.yusuf@epa.gov; Prieto.lourdes@epa.gov NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 42 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 17 IS 3 BP 377 EP 388 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000457 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 917XT UT WOS:000302212800003 ER PT J AU Phillips, T Burns, A AF Phillips, Tom Burns, Adrian TI Determination of Phenols and Phenates in Disinfectant Formulations by Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection: Collaborative Study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING PHENOLS; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; O-PHENYLPHENOL; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POSTHARVEST FUNGICIDES; CITRUS-FRUITS; THIABENDAZOLE; RESIDUES; EXTRACTION AB Fourteen collaborating laboratories assayed o-phenylphenol (OPP), p-t-amylphenol (PTAP), and o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol (OBPCP) in formulated products, both ready-to-use and concentrates, by RP-HPLC. The actives in the samples ranged from 0.03 to 11% OPP, 0.06 to 4% PTAP, and 0.07 to 10% OBPCP either in free forms or as salts. Seven blind duplicates were analyzed. The samples were diluted/extracted with acidified methanol, filtered, and analyzed by LC on a C18 column using gradient elution and UV detection at 285 nm. The concentration of the active ingredients was calculated from a standard curve. Each laboratory weighed each test sample twice within a single analytical run. The data were analyzed using all 14 laboratory results, with appropriate statistical tests to detect outliers. The repeatability RSDs ranged from 0.98 to 3.40% for the free phenols, and 1.26 to 2.51% for the salts. The reproducibility RSDs ranged from 5.31 to 7.80% for the free phenols, and 5.50 to 8.67% for the salts. The HorRat ranged from 0.86 to 2.17 for the free phenols, and 1.54 to 2.72 for the salts. C1 [Phillips, Tom] Maryland Dept Agr, State Chemist Sect, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Burns, Adrian] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Analyt Chem Branch, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. RP Phillips, T (reprint author), Maryland Dept Agr, State Chemist Sect, 50 Harry S Truman Pkwy, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM PhilliTD@mda.state.md.us NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 95 IS 2 BP 411 EP 418 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.CS2011_26 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 929TK UT WOS:000303088400028 PM 22649928 ER PT J AU Dangel, C Allgeier, SC Gibbons, D Haas, A Simon, K AF Dangel, Chrissy Allgeier, Steven C. Gibbons, Darcy Haas, Adam Simon, Katie TI ENHANCED COMMUNICATION AND COORDINATION IN THE PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE COMPONENT OF THE CINCINNATI DRINKING WATER CONTAMINATION WARNING SYSTEM SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK; WALKERTON; ONTARIO AB Effective communication and coordination are critical when investigating a possible drinking water contamination incident. A contamination warning system is designed to detect water contamination by initiating a coordinated, effective response to mitigate significant public health and economic consequences. This article describes historical communication barriers during water contamination incidents and discusses how these barriers were overcome through the public health surveillance component of the Cincinnati Drinking Water Contamination Warning System, referred to as the "Cincinnati Pilot." By enhancing partnerships in the public health surveillance component of the Cincinnati Pilot, information silos that existed in each organization were replaced with interagency information depots that facilitated effective decision making. C1 [Dangel, Chrissy; Allgeier, Steven C.] US EPA, Water Secur Div, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Gibbons, Darcy; Haas, Adam; Simon, Katie] Comp Sci Corp, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Dangel, C (reprint author), US EPA, Water Secur Div, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM dangel.chrissy@epa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 10 IS 1 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1089/bsp.2011.0029 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 917ZU UT WOS:000302219400012 PM 22339579 ER PT J AU Wehby, GL Murray, JC Wilcox, A Lie, RT AF Wehby, George L. Murray, Jeffrey C. Wilcox, Allen Lie, Rolv T. TI Smoking and body weight: Evidence using genetic instruments SO ECONOMICS & HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Smoking; Obesity; Body mass index; Genetic instrumental variables; Quantile regression; Mendelian randomization ID TRYPTOPHAN-HYDROXYLASE GENE; AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID RECEPTOR; NICOTINE DEPENDENCE; QUANTILE REGRESSION; ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION; RISK-FACTOR; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; WEAK INSTRUMENTS; LUNG-CANCER AB Several studies have evaluated whether the high and rising obesity rates over the past three decades may be due to the declining smoking rates. There is mixed evidence across studies - some find negative smoking effects and positive cigarette cost effects on body weight, while others find opposite effects. This study applies a unique approach to identify the smoking effects on body weight and to evaluate the heterogeneity in these effects across the body mass index (BMI) distribution by utilizing genetic instruments for smoking. Using a data sample of 1057 mothers from Norway, the study finds heterogeneous effects of cigarette smoking on BMI - smoking increases BMI at low/moderate BMI levels and decreases BMI at high BMI levels. The study highlights the potential advantages and challenges of employing genetic instrumental variables to identify behavior effects including the importance of qualifying the instruments and the need for large samples. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wehby, George L.] Univ Iowa, Dept Hlth Management & Policy, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Murray, Jeffrey C.] Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Wilcox, Allen] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Lie, Rolv T.] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. RP Wehby, GL (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Hlth Management & Policy, Coll Publ Hlth, 200 Hawkins Dr,E205 GH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM george-wehby@uiowa.edu OI Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 FU NIH/NIDCR [R03 DE018394, R01 DE20895]; NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX Data analysis was supported in part by NIH/NIDCR grants R03 DE018394 and R01 DE20895. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The authors thank research seminar participants and Robert Wallace at the University of Iowa and Shin-Yi Chou at Lehigh University for helpful comments. NR 86 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-677X EI 1873-6130 J9 ECON HUM BIOL JI Econ. Hum. Biol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 10 IS 2 BP 113 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.ehb.2011.09.002 PG 14 WC Economics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Business & Economics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 921ZI UT WOS:000302516200001 PM 22024417 ER PT J AU Harry, GJ Kraft, AD AF Harry, G. Jean Kraft, Andrew D. TI Microglia in the developing brain: A potential target with lifetime effects SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Microglia; Ontogeny; Developmental neurotoxicity; Brain macrophages; Pruning ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PROMOTES CHOLINERGIC DIFFERENTIATION; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; HUMAN ADULT MICROGLIA; MACROPHAGES IN-VITRO; GLIAL TNF-ALPHA; BONE-MARROW; RAT-BRAIN; PARKINSONS-DISEASE AB Microglia are a heterogenous group of monocyte-derived cells serving multiple roles within the brain, many of which are associated with immune and macrophage like properties. These cells are known to serve a critical role during brain injury and to maintain homeostasis; yet, their defined roles during development have yet to be elucidated. Microglial actions appear to influence events associated with neuronal proliferation and differentiation during development, as well as, contribute to processes associated with the removal of dying neurons or cellular debris and management of synaptic connections. These long-lived cells display changes during injury and with aging that are critical to the maintenance of the neuronal environment over the lifespan of the organism. These processes may be altered by changes in the colonization of the brain or by inflammatory events during development. This review addresses the role of microglia during brain development, both structurally and functionally, as well as the inherent vulnerability of the developing nervous system. A framework is presented considering microglia as a critical nervous system-specific cell that can influence multiple aspects of brain development (e.g., vascularization, synaptogenesis, and myelination) and have a long term impact on the functional vulnerability of the nervous system to a subsequent insult, whether environmental, physical, age-related, or disease-related. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Harry, G. Jean] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kraft, Andrew D.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Harry, GJ (reprint author), NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program Lab, MD C1-04,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM harry@niehs.nih.gov FU Division, National Toxicology Program; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development; Department of Health and Human Services [1Z01ES101623, ES021164] FX This research was supported by the Division, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services #1Z01ES101623 and ES021164, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and they do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the National Toxicology Program or the U.S. EPA. NR 205 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAR PY 2012 VL 33 IS 2 BP 191 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.01.012 PG 16 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 913SK UT WOS:000301897500007 PM 22322212 ER PT J AU Linkov, I Cormier, S Gold, J Satterstrom, FK Bridges, T AF Linkov, Igor Cormier, Susan Gold, Joshua Satterstrom, F. Kyle Bridges, Todd TI Using Our Brains to Develop Better Policy SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Environmental policy; neuroeconomics; risk analysis ID MULTICRITERIA DECISION-ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE RISK-ASSESSMENT; SENSORY STIMULI; MANAGEMENT AB Current governmental practices often use a method called weight of evidence (WoE) to integrate and weigh different sources of information in the process of reaching a decision. Recent advances in cognitive neuroscience have identified WoE-like processes in the brain, and we believe that these advances have the potential to improve current decision-making practices. In this article, we describe five specific areas where knowledge emerging from cognitive neuroscience may be applied to the challenges confronting decisionmakers who manage risks: (1) quantifying evidence, (2) comparing the value of different sources of evidence, (3) reaching a decision, (4) illuminating the role of subjectivity, and (5) adapting to new information. We believe that the brain is an appropriate model for structuring decision-making processes because the brain's network is designed for complex, flexible decision making, and because policy decisions that must ultimately depend on human judgment will be best served by methods that complement human abilities. Future discoveries in cognitive neuroscience will likely bring further applications to decision practice. C1 [Linkov, Igor; Bridges, Todd] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Cormier, Susan] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Gold, Joshua] Univ Penn, Dept Neurosci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Satterstrom, F. Kyle] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Linkov, I (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 696 Virginia Rd, Concord, MA 02446 USA. EM Igor.Linkov@usace.army.mil FU Dredging Operation Environmental Research (DOER) FX This work was supported in part by the Dredging Operation Environmental Research (DOER). Permission was granted by the USACE Chief of Engineers to publish this material. The article has been reviewed and cleared by the U.S. EPA, but does not necessarily reflect Agency policies. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 374 EP 380 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01683.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 906KU UT WOS:000301344800005 PM 22023503 ER PT J AU Richmond-Bryant, J Reff, A AF Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer Reff, Adam TI Air pollution retention within a complex of urban street canyons: A two-city comparison SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air quality; Air pollution; Dispersion; Epidemiology; Street canyon; Urban ID 2-DIMENSIONAL FLAT-PLATE; AERODYNAMIC WAKES; WIND-TUNNEL; TRANSPORT; FLOW; DISPERSION; BUILDINGS; PARTICLES; POLLUTANTS; FREESTREAM AB Uncharacterized microscale spatial and temporal variability in urban air pollutant concentration dynamics may contribute uncertainty or bias to epidemiological model results. In this study, a method for quantifying this variability is presented. Urban buildings were treated as a matrix of bluff bodies to estimate the retention of air pollution in the street canyons downstream of the buildings. This method was based primarily on bluff body theoretical work that derived functional relationships between nondimensional contaminant residence time (H) within a wake and the following fluid properties of the air: 1) Reynolds Number (Re), 2) street canyon height (D) to width (W) aspect ratio (D/W), and 3) turbulence intensity, defined as the square root of turbulence kinetic energy (k) divided by the free-stream wind speed (U). Empirical relationships between these variables were built from sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) concentration and meteorological data collected during the Midtown Manhattan 2005 (MID05) Study held in August, 2005 in Manhattan, NY, along with geographical information system (GIS) data describing the building topography. Results were then compared with results from a similar previous analysis using data collected during the Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) study in Oklahoma City, OK. For the MID05 data, Re ranged from 1.65 x 10(6) to 7.74 x 10(7), with a median of 1.13 x 10(7). The range of Re was consistent with earlier observations from the JU2003 study, although the measured winds tended to be more turbulent (median k = 2.2 m(2) s(-2)) compared with JU2003 (median k = 0.45 m(2) s(-2)). Values for H ranged from 7.2 to 1186, with a median H of 80.9. The distribution of H was substantially wider for MID05 than for JU2003, with model estimates exceeding observations of H by an order of magnitude for single obstacle wind tunnel studies with Re similar to 10(4). Inverse relationships were validated between H and Re and between H and D/W for the MID05 data and for a pooled data analysis from the MID05 and JU2003 studies. The model of H vs. Re for pooled MID05 and JU2003 data provided a good fit overall but produced a positively biased estimate of the Oklahoma City model results. The model of H vs. D/W for pooled MID05 and JU2003 data did not provide a good fit, suggesting that the building topographies of the two cities are too different to produce a reasonable comparison. These inter-study comparisons suggest that the topographic relationships may contain underlying site-specific features that would require elucidation prior to generalizing to other urban sites. Overall, results from this work present a foundational method for generating estimates of H based on readily available sources of data such as building coordinates and dimensions and meteorological parameters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Reff, Adam] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Richmond-Bryant, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 109 TW Alexander Dr,B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM richmond-bryant.jennifer@epa.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 BP 24 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.036 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909HB UT WOS:000301553500003 ER PT J AU Baker, KR Bash, JO AF Baker, Kirk R. Bash, Jesse O. TI Regional scale photochemical model evaluation of total mercury wet deposition and speciated ambient mercury SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Air quality modeling; CAMx; CMAQ; AMNet; MDN; Deposition ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; GAS-PHASE REACTION; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; PARTICULATE MATTER; GASEOUS MERCURY; SCIENTIFIC UNCERTAINTIES; INITIATED REACTIONS; DRY-DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES AB Methylmercury is a known neurotoxin with deleterious health effects on humans and wildlife. Atmospheric deposition is the largest source of mercury loading to most terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Regional scale air quality models are needed to quantify mercury deposition resulting from complex emissions sources and physical and chemical processes that govern the fate of mercury in the atmosphere. Total mercury wet deposition estimates from multiple regional photochemical transport models applied at 12 km grid resolution over the continental United States compare well with observations (CAMx fractional error = 45%, CMAQ fractional error = 33%) despite uncertainties in global mercury emissions inventories and certain chemical transformation pathways. In addition, both CMAQ and CAMx well represent observed diel and seasonal patterns of Hg(0) and tend to exaggerate the diel patter of Hg(II) at AMNet monitor locations. The observed fraction of particulate mercury to total oxidized mercury (sum of particulate mercury and Hg(II)) is generally greater in colder months and during overnight hours. The modeling systems tend to capture these patterns but have a systematically lower fraction of particulate mercury to total oxidized mercury, especially in winter months. Annual total mercury deposition from wet and dry processes is 65% greater in CMAQ compared to CAMx over the entire modeling domain. This is largely due to higher wet deposition in CMAQ and higher dry deposition of Hg(0), which is treated as equilibrium with mercury re-emissions and not modeled in CAMx. A sensitivity using CAMx with Hg(0) dry deposition treated similar to CMAQ resulted in more comparable total mercury deposition estimates. Modeled dry deposition velocities for Hg(II) compare well with the limited experimental data, while Hg(0) dry deposition velocities are lower than published experimental data. A mercury bi-directional flux sensitivity application in CMAQ had the overall effect of reducing total mercury dry deposition and slightly improving ambient Hg(0) performance. The range of the domain wide total deposition from all model sensitivities was within 25% of the mean but exhibited larger deviations in the individual wet and dry deposition budgets. The contribution of mercury initial conditions and lateral boundary inflow conditions were tracked separately using CAMx source apportionment Initial contribution to total mercury deposition for the entire model domain falls below 5% after 2 weeks. Boundary contribution to total mercury deposition vary considerably across the continental United States, but ranges between 20 and 99% at MDN monitor locations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baker, Kirk R.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bash, Jesse O.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Baker, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM baker.kirk@epa.gov RI Bash, Jesse/E-9688-2013; OI Bash, Jesse/0000-0001-8736-0102 NR 70 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.006 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909HB UT WOS:000301553500017 ER PT J AU Alapaty, K Mathur, R Pleim, J Hogrefe, C Rao, ST Ramaswamy, V Galmarini, S Schaap, M Makar, P Vautard, R Baklanov, A Kallos, G Vogel, B Sokhi, R AF Alapaty, Kiran Mathur, Rohit Pleim, Jonathan Hogrefe, Christian Rao, S. Trivikrama Ramaswamy, Venkatachalam Galmarini, Stefano Schaap, Martijn Makar, Paul Vautard, Robert Baklanov, Alexander Kallos, George Vogel, Bernhard Sokhi, Ranjeet TI New Directions: Understanding interactions of air quality and climate change at regional scales SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE Air quality-climate change interactions; AQMEII; Metrics for model intercomparison; Global climate modeling; Regional air quality modeling; Lateral boundary conditions; Model evaluation; Global-to-regional models; Emissions uncertainty C1 [Alapaty, Kiran; Mathur, Rohit; Pleim, Jonathan; Hogrefe, Christian; Rao, S. Trivikrama] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ramaswamy, Venkatachalam] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Galmarini, Stefano] European Union Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Ispra, Italy. [Schaap, Martijn] TNO, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Makar, Paul] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Kallos, George] Univ Athens, Sch Phys, Athens, Greece. [Vogel, Bernhard] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Sokhi, Ranjeet] Univ Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Rao, ST (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rao.st@epa.gov; stefano.galmarini@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Vogel, Bernhard/A-9558-2013; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 BP 419 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.016 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909HB UT WOS:000301553500046 ER PT J AU Jukic, AMZ Evenson, KR Herring, AH Wilcox, AJ Hartmann, KE Daniels, JL AF Jukic, Anne Marie Z. Evenson, Kelly R. Herring, Amy H. Wilcox, Allen J. Hartmann, Katherine E. Daniels, Julie L. TI Correlates of Physical Activity at Two Time Points During Pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE leisure activity; gestational age; intervention; barriers; psychosocial ID ACTIVITY PATTERNS; WEIGHT-GAIN; ACTIVITY LEVEL; WOMEN; POSTPARTUM; EXERCISE; HEALTH; COHORT; US; ACCELEROMETRY AB Background: Correlates of prenatal physical activity can inform interventions, but are not well-understood. Methods: Participants in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition 3 Study were recruited before 20 weeks gestation. Women self-reported frequency, duration, and mode of moderate and vigorous physical activities. We used logistic regression to identify correlates of any physical activity (>= 10 minutes/week of any mode), any recreational activity (>= 10 minutes/week), and high volume recreational activity (either >= 150 minutes/week of moderate or >= 75 minutes/week of vigorous). Our analysis included 1752 women at 19-weeks gestation and 1722 at 29 weeks. Results: Higher education, white race, and enjoyment of physical activity were positively correlated with all 3 outcomes. Any recreational activity was negatively associated with parity, body mass index, and history of miscarriage. The associations of history of miscarriage and body mass index differed at 19 weeks compared with 29 weeks. Single marital status, health professional physical activity advice, and time for activity were associated with high volume recreational activity only. Conclusions: Correlates of physical activity differed by mode and volume of activity and by gestational age. This suggests that researchers planning physical activity interventions should consider the mode and amount of activity and the gestational age of the participants. C1 [Jukic, Anne Marie Z.; Wilcox, Allen J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC USA. [Evenson, Kelly R.; Daniels, Julie L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Herring, Amy H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hartmann, Katherine E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Med & Publ Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. RP Jukic, AMZ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC USA. OI Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 EI 1543-5474 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD MAR PY 2012 VL 9 IS 3 BP 325 EP 335 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 916MB UT WOS:000302106800001 ER PT J AU Evans, DL Niemi, GJ Etterson, MA AF Evans, David L. Niemi, Gerald J. Etterson, Matthew A. TI AUTUMN RAPTOR BANDING AT HAWK RIDGE, DULUTH, MINNESOTA USA, 1972-2009: AN OVERVIEW SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE banding; encounter; Great Lakes; raptor; recovery; survey; trends ID SHARP-SHINNED HAWKS; FALL MIGRATION; SEX-DIFFERENCES; AGE; PREVALENCE; GOSHAWKS; PREY AB We summarize autumn banding of 99 505 raptors (mean of 2619/yr) of 23 species at Hawk Ridge from 1972 to 2009. Excluding the first two years of banding (1972 and 1973) and despite consistent effort, the last six years (2004-09) were six of the seven lowest totals banded over a 36-yr period, primarily due to the low number of Sharp-shinned Hawks (Accipiter striatus). The majority of birds banded were Sharp-shinned Hawks (n = 60 147) and Northern Saw-whet Owls (Aegolius acadicus; n = 20676). The totals also included 8103 Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis), 2243 Long-eared Owls (Asio otus), and 92 Boreal Owls (Aegolius funereus). Numbers of Northern Goshawks banded at Hawk Ridge were correlated with raw counts (r = 0.68, P < 0.01) and effort-adjusted counts (r = 0.59, P < 0.01) observed at Hawk Ridge. Sharp-shinned Hawk counts when effort was included were correlated with the number banded (r = 0.58, P < 0.01). Three species have had a substantial number of encounters (any handling of a banded bird, alive or dead) and returns (first recapture of a banded bird at or near the site of banding at a different season of the year). These included 462 Northern Saw-whet Owls (n = 330 encounters and 132 returns), 388 Sharp-shinned Hawks (n = 327 encounters and 61 returns), and 280 Northern Goshawk (n = 230 encounters and 50 returns). Age ratios of Sharp-shinned Hawks, Northern Goshawks, and Northern Saw-whet Owls were highly variable, but ratios of hatch-year to after-hatch-year birds were negatively correlated (r = 0.40, P < 0.01) with the number of Northern Goshawks banded. Adult Northern Goshawks dominated peak years of Northern Goshawks, whereas hatch-year birds dominated when numbers were low. C1 [Evans, David L.; Niemi, Gerald J.; Etterson, Matthew A.] Hawk Ridge Bird Observ, Duluth, MN 55805 USA. [Niemi, Gerald J.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Niemi, Gerald J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Etterson, Matthew A.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Evans, DL (reprint author), 2928 Greysolon Rd, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM gniemi@nrri.umn.edu FU Hawk Ridge Bird Observatory FX This paper would not have been possible without the efforts of many dedicated raptor banders and volunteers including L. Carson, M.J. Evans, R. Fraboni, D. Gilbertson, J. Goin, D. Grosshuesch, S. Hawks, J. Malzac, S. Mkheidze, D. Meyer, M. Perala, R. Rosenfield, D. Scheer (deceased), and T. Wiens. We thank K. Bildstein for the invitation to contribute to this special issue. This paper represents contribution number 526 of the Center for Water and the Environment, Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth. We especially appreciate the funding we have received for portions of these banding efforts over the past 38 yr from Hawk Ridge Bird Observatory. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 36 EP 49 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 914QE UT WOS:000301965600005 ER PT J AU Myers, SL Baird, DD Olshan, AF Herring, AH Schroeder, JC Nylander-French, LA Hartmann, KE AF Myers, Sharon L. Baird, Donna Day Olshan, Andrew F. Herring, Amy H. Schroeder, Jane C. Nylander-French, Leena A. Hartmann, Katherine E. TI Self-Report Versus Ultrasound Measurement of Uterine Fibroid Status SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID WHITE WOMEN; LEIOMYOMATA; PREGNANCY; GROWTH; AGE; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; REGRESSION; DIAGNOSIS; ETIOLOGY; MYOMAS AB Background: Much of the epidemiologic research on risk factors for fibroids, the leading indication for hysterectomy, relies on self-reported outcome. Self-report is subject to misclassification because many women with fibroids are undiagnosed. The purpose of this analysis was to quantify the extent of misclassification and identify associated factors. Methods: Self-reported fibroid status was compared to ultrasound screening from 2046 women in Right From The Start (RFTS) and 869 women in the Uterine Fibroid Study (UFS). Log-binomial regression was used to estimate sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) and examine differences by ethnicity, age, education, body mass index, parity, and miscarriage history. Results: Overall sensitivity was <= 0.50. Sensitivity was higher in blacks than whites (RFTS: 0.34 vs. 0.23; UFS: 0.58 vs. 0.32) and increased with age. Parous women had higher sensitivity than nulliparae, especially in RFTS whites (Se ratio = 2.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51, 5.60). Specificity was 0.98 in RFTS and 0.86 in UFS. Modest ethnic differences were seen in UFS (Sp ratio, black vs. white = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.99). Parity was inversely associated with specificity, especially among UFS black women (Sp ratio = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.97). Among women who reported a previous diagnosis, a shorter time interval between diagnosis and ultrasound was associated with increased agreement between the two measures. Conclusions: Misclassification of fibroid status can differ by factors of etiologic interest. These findings are useful for assessing (and correcting) bias in studies using self-reported clinical diagnosis as the outcome measure. C1 [Myers, Sharon L.; Olshan, Andrew F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Myers, Sharon L.; Baird, Donna Day] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Herring, Amy H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Herring, Amy H.] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Schroeder, Jane C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Morrisville, NC USA. [Nylander-French, Leena A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hartmann, Katherine E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Med & Publ Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Hartmann, Katherine E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Myers, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, 3700 Business Dr,Suite 130, Sacramento, CA 95820 USA. EM slmyers@ucdavis.edu RI Baird, Donna/D-5214-2017 OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences at the National Institutes of Health [P30ES10126]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [R01HD043883, R01HD049675] FX This work was supported in part by the intramural research program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences at the National Institutes of Health. Right From The Start was supported in part by grants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD043883 and R01HD049675) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30ES10126) at the National Institutes of Health. The authors thank Dr. Aimee D'Aloisio and Dr. Todd Jusko for their comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, and Dr. Sue Edelstein for help with graphics. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAR PY 2012 VL 21 IS 3 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1089/jwh.2011.3008 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 905SD UT WOS:000301292700006 PM 22044079 ER PT J AU Pavagadhi, S Gong, ZY Hande, MP Dionysiou, DD de la Cruz, AA Balasubramanian, R AF Pavagadhi, Shruti Gong, Zhiyuan Hande, M. Prakash Dionysiou, Dionysios D. de la Cruz, Armah A. Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar TI Biochemical response of diverse organs in adult Danio rerio (zebrafish) exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR: A balneation study SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Algal toxins; Cyanotoxins; MC-LR; MC-RR; Oxidative stress; Balneation; Dose response ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; TOXIC CYANOBACTERIAL CELLS; OXIDATIVE STRESS RESPONSES; FISH OREOCHROMIS SP.; LABORATORY CONDITIONS; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; ORAL-EXPOSURE; DNA-DAMAGE; DETOXICATION AB The present study was carried out to examine the dose-response of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and microcystin-RR (MC-RR) toxicity in adult Danio rerio (zebrafish) under balneation conditions at various time points. The differential responses of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as biomarkers were assessed for oxygen mediated toxicity in liver, gills, intestine and brain tissues of zebrafish exposed to dissolved MC-LR and MC-RR (0.1-10.0 mu g l(-1)). To investigate the time related response of biomarkers, fish were sampled after 4,7 and 15 days of exposure. Responses varied (i) between MC-LR and MC-RR (for certain groups), (ii) for different enzymes at all time points, and (iii) for different tissues. In general, most of the enzymes followed a bell shaped curve, with an abrupt increase in activity at a particular concentration. It was observed that upon exposure to MC-LR and MC-RR, some enzymes showed an adaptive response after the first time point wherein the enzyme activity increased in some tissues. The increase in enzyme activity is suggestive of their cellular and metabolic adaptations to the continued stress and toxin exposure. Enzyme activities in general increased at lower concentrations (<= 5.0 mu g l(-1)) and decreased at higher concentrations (>= 5.0 mu g l(-1)). An abrupt change in enzyme activities was observed at a particular concentration in all the tissue enzymes. For GPx and GR, there was a differential response in the case of fish exposed to MC-LR and MC-RR, which could be due to the difference in toxicity potentials of these cyanotoxins. In general, initial stress conditions were observed in most of the tissue enzymes following the exposure to microcystins (MCs). This observation suggests that MCs found in trace levels are likely to have deleterious effects on aquatic organisms and can trigger a variety of biochemical responses depending on their specific toxicity. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pavagadhi, Shruti; Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. [Gong, Zhiyuan] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Singapore 117576, Singapore. [Hande, M. Prakash] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Physiol, Singapore 117576, Singapore. [Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Balasubramanian, R (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. EM ceerbala@nus.edu.sg RI Gong, Zhiyuan/H-8794-2012; Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar/C-2243-2011; Hande, M. Prakash/B-1645-2008 OI Gong, Zhiyuan/0000-0002-9660-5260; Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar/0000-0002-5627-3628; Hande, M. Prakash/0000-0002-4511-6256 FU Ministry of Environment and Water Resources, Singapore; Professor Gong Zhiyuan's lab; SDWA; EWI; [R-264-001-013-272] FX The authors acknowledge the contributions of this project to Singapore-Delft Water Alliance (SDWA)'s research programme (R-264-001-013-272) and EWI grant (Ministry of Environment and Water Resources, Singapore; Professor Gong Zhiyuan's lab). Shruti Pavagadhi gratefully acknowledges the support from SDWA and EWI for her Ph.D. study. NR 52 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 7 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 109 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.11.009 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 911AZ UT WOS:000301691000001 PM 22207040 ER PT J AU Steel, EA Jensen, DW Burnett, KM Christiansen, K Firman, JC Feist, BE Anlauf, KJ Larsen, DP AF Steel, E. A. Jensen, D. W. Burnett, K. M. Christiansen, K. Firman, J. C. Feist, B. E. Anlauf, K. J. Larsen, D. P. TI Landscape characteristics and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) distributions: explaining abundance versus occupancy SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; RIVERINE LANDSCAPES; TEMPORAL VARIATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; COASTAL OREGON; STREAM HABITAT; REDD COUNTS; MODELS AB Distribution of fishes, both occupancy and abundance, is often correlated with landscape-scale characteristics (e. g., geology, climate, and human disturbance). Understanding these relationships is essential for effective conservation of depressed populations. We used landscape characteristics to explain the distribution of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Oregon Plan data set, one of the first long-term, probabilistic salmon monitoring data sets covering the full range of potential habitats. First we compared data structure and model performance between the Oregon Plan data set and two published data sets on coho salmon distribution. Most of the variation in spawner abundance occurred between reaches but much also occurred between years, limiting potential model performance. Similar suites of landscape predictors are correlated with coho salmon distribution across regions and data sets. We then modeled coho salmon spawner distribution using the Oregon Plan data set and determined that landscape characteristics could not explain presence vs. absence of spawners but that the percentage of agriculture, winter temperature range, and the intrinsic potential of the stream could explain some variation in abundance (weighted average R-2 = 0.30) where spawners were present. We conclude that the previous use of nonrandom monitoring data sets may have obscured understanding of species distribution, and we suggest minor modifications to large-scale monitoring programs. C1 [Steel, E. A.; Jensen, D. W.; Feist, B. E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Burnett, K. M.; Christiansen, K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Burnett, K. M.; Christiansen, K.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Firman, J. C.; Anlauf, K. J.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Larsen, D. P.] US EPA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Steel, EA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM asteel@fs.fed.us OI Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878 FU Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board; NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We thank George Pess, Martin Liermann, and Phil Roni, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, for constructive reviews of early stages of the manuscript. We also thank four anonymous reviewers for their thorough and constructive suggestions. This work was funded by a grant from the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board with additional support from NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 20 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 69 IS 3 BP 457 EP 468 DI 10.1139/F2011-161 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 905VC UT WOS:000301303000004 ER PT J AU Farraj, AK Hazari, MS Winsett, DW Kulukulualani, A Carll, AP Haykal-Coates, N Lamb, CM Lappi, E Terrell, D Cascio, WE Costa, DL AF Farraj, Aimen K. Hazari, Mehdi S. Winsett, Darrell W. Kulukulualani, Anthony Carll, Alex P. Haykal-Coates, Najwa Lamb, Christina M. Lappi, Edwin Terrell, Dock Cascio, Wayne E. Costa, Daniel L. TI Overt and Latent Cardiac Effects of Ozone Inhalation in Rats: Evidence for Autonomic Modulation and Increased Myocardial Vulnerability SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; arrhythmia; autonomic; cardiac; electrocardiogram; heart rate variability; inhalation; latent; overt; ozone; rats ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; ACUTE EXPOSURE; VAGAL TONE; RISK; ARRHYTHMIAS; SLEEP; BRADYCARDIA; INFARCTION AB BACKGROUND: Ozone (O-3) is a well-documented respiratory oxidant, but increasing epidemiological evidence points to extrapulmonary effects, including positive associations between ambient O-3 concentrations and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: With preliminary reports linking O-3 exposure with changes in heart rate (HR), we investigated the hypothesis that a single inhalation exposure to O-3 will cause concentration-dependent autonomic modulation of cardiac function in rats. METHODS: Rats implanted with telemeters to monitor HR and cardiac electrophysiology [electro-cardiography (ECG)] were exposed once by whole-body inhalation for 4 hr to 0.2 or 0.8 ppm O-3 or filtered air. A separate cohort was tested for vulnerability to aconitine-induced arrhythmia 24 hr after exposure. RESULTS: Exposure to 0.8 ppm O-3 caused bradycardia, PR prolongation, ST depression, and substantial increases in atrial premature beats, sinoatrial block, and atrioventricular block, accompanied by concurrent increases in several HR variability parameters that were suggestive of increased parasympathetic tone. Low-O-3 exposure failed to elicit any overt changes in autonomic tone, heart rhythm, or ECG. However, both 0.2 and 0.8 ppm O-3 increased sensitivity to aconitine-induced arrhythmia formation, suggesting a latent O-3-induced alteration in myocardial excitability. CONCLUSIONS: O-3 exposure causes several alterations in cardiac electrophysiology that are likely mediated by modulation of autonomic input to the heart. Moreover, exposure to low O-3 concentrations may cause subclinical effects that manifest only when triggered by a stressor, suggesting that the adverse health effects of ambient levels of air pollutants may be insidious and potentially under-estimated. C1 [Farraj, Aimen K.; Hazari, Mehdi S.; Winsett, Darrell W.; Kulukulualani, Anthony; Lappi, Edwin; Terrell, Dock; Cascio, Wayne E.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Carll, Alex P.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Haykal-Coates, Najwa] US EPA, Biostat & Bioinformat Res Core Unit, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lamb, Christina M.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Costa, Daniel L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Farraj, AK (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Code B105-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM farraj.aimen@epa.gov OI Carll, Alex/0000-0003-1832-3070 FU National Science Foundation; National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL); U.S. EPA; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (DESE); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) [EPA CR83323601] FX C.M.L. was funded by a National Science Foundation graduate research fellowship, and A.P.C. was supported by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), U.S. EPA, and the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (DESE), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) Cooperative Training in Environmental Sciences Research grant EPA CR83323601. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 120 IS 3 BP 348 EP 354 DI 10.1289/ehp.1104244 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 907CF UT WOS:000301394700020 PM 22138703 ER PT J AU Cupul-Uicab, LA Skjaerven, R Haug, K Melve, KK Engel, SM Longnecker, MP AF Cupul-Uicab, Lea A. Skjaerven, Rolv Haug, Kjell Melve, Kari K. Engel, Stephanie M. Longnecker, Matthew P. TI In Utero Exposure to Maternal Tobacco Smoke and Subsequent Obesity, Hypertension, and Gestational Diabetes Among Women in the MoBa Cohort SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; gestational diabetes; hypertension; in utero; maternal smoking; MoBa; obesity; tobacco smoke ID BODY-MASS INDEX; BLOOD-PRESSURE; DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; PARENTAL SMOKING; NORWEGIAN MOTHER; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CHILD COHORT; LIFE-COURSE; PREGNANCY AB BACKGROUND: Environmental factors influencing the developmental origins of health and disease need to be identified and investigated. In utero exposure to tobacco smoke has been associated with obesity and a small increase in blood pressure in children; however, whether there is a corresponding increased risk of conditions such as diabetes and hypertension during adulthood remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to assess the association of self-reported in utero exposure to tobacco smoke with the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women 14-47 years of age. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, which enrolled pregnant women in Norway from 1999 thorough 2008. Exposure to tobacco smoke in utero (yes vs. no) was ascertained on the baseline questionnaire (obtained at 17 weeks' gestation); the outcomes were ascertained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the questionnaire. Our analysis included 74,023 women. RESULTS: Women exposed to tobacco smoke in utero had 1.53 times the odds of obesity [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45, 1.61] relative to those unexposed, after adjusting for age, education, and personal smoking. After further adjustment for body mass index, the odds ratio for hypertension was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.39); for T2DM 1.14 (95% CI: 0.79, 1.65); and for GDM 1.32 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.58) among exposed compared with unexposed. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to tobacco smoke in utero was associated with obesity, hypertension, and GDM in adult women. The possibility that the associations were attributable to unmeasured confounding cannot be excluded. C1 [Cupul-Uicab, Lea A.; Longnecker, Matthew P.] Natl Inst Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Skjaerven, Rolv; Haug, Kjell; Melve, Kari K.] Univ Bergen, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Hlth Care, Bergen, Norway. [Skjaerven, Rolv; Melve, Kari K.] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Med Birth Registry Norway, Bergen, Norway. [Engel, Stephanie M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Cupul-Uicab, LA (reprint author), EB NIEHS, MD A3-05,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cupuluicabl@niehs.nih.gov RI CUPUL UICAB, LEA/C-8699-2014; OI CUPUL UICAB, LEA/0000-0001-6190-4474; Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); Norwegian Ministry of Health [N01-ES-75558]; NIH/NIEHS; NIH/NINDS [1 UO1 NS 047537-01]; Norwegian Research Council/FUGE [151918/S10]; NIH/NICHD [1R01HD058008] FX This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health, contract N01-ES-75558 with NIH/NIEHS, NIH/NINDS (grant 1 UO1 NS 047537-01), and the Norwegian Research Council/FUGE (grant 151918/S10). The validation substudy is supported by NIH/NICHD (grant 1R01HD058008). NR 45 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 120 IS 3 BP 355 EP 360 DI 10.1289/ehp.1103789 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 907CF UT WOS:000301394700021 PM 22128036 ER PT J AU D'Aloisio, AA Baird, DD DeRoo, LA Sandler, DP AF D'Aloisio, Aimee A. Baird, Donna D. DeRoo, Lisa A. Sandler, Dale P. TI Early-Life Exposures and Early-Onset Uterine Leiomyomata in Black Women in the Sister Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; diethylstilbestrol; early-life; leiomyoma; multiple birth offspring; pregnancy; pregnancy-induced hypertension; prenatal exposure delayed effects; socioeconomic factors; soy formula ID REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS; RISK; AGE; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FIBROIDS; HEALTH; PERIOD; RATES AB BACKGROUND: Uterine leiomyomata (fibroids) are hormonally responsive tumors, but little is known about risk factors. Early-life exposures may influence uterine development and subsequent response to hormones in adulthood. An earlier analysis of non-Hispanic white women who participated in the Sister Study found associations between several early-life factors and early-onset fibroids. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated associations of early-life and childhood exposures with early-onset fibroids among black women and compared the results with those found among white women. METHODS: We analyzed baseline data from 3,534 black women, 35-59 years of age, in the Sister Study (a nationwide cohort of women who had a sister diagnosed with breast cancer) who self-reported information on early-life and childhood exposures. Early-onset fibroids were assessed based on self-report of a physician diagnosis of fibroids by the age of 30 years (n = 561). We estimated risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (Cl) from log-binomial regression models. RESULTS: Factors most strongly associated with early-onset fibroids were in utero diethylstilbestrol (DES; RR = 2.02; 95% Cl: 1.28, 3.18), maternal prepregnancy diabetes or gestational diabetes (RR = 1.54; 95% CI: 0.95, 2.49), and monozygotic multiple birth (RR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.26, 2.99). We also found positive associations with having been taller or thinner than peers at the age of 10 years and with early-life factors that included being the firstborn child of a teenage mother, maternal hypertensive disorder, preterm birth, and having been fed soy formula. CONCLUSIONS: With the exception of monozygotic multiple birth and maternal hypertensive disorder, early-life risk factors for early-onset fibroids for black women were similar to those found for white women. However, in contrast to whites, childhood height and weight, but not low socioeconomic status indicators, were associated with early-onset fibroids in blacks. The general consistency of early-life findings for black and white women supports a possible role of early-life factors in fibroid development. C1 [D'Aloisio, Aimee A.] Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP D'Aloisio, AA (reprint author), Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, POB 12233,Mail Drop A3-05,111 T W Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM daloisio@niehs.nih.gov RI Baird, Donna/D-5214-2017; OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES044005] FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01 ES044005). NR 33 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 120 IS 3 BP 406 EP 412 DI 10.1289/ehp.1103620 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 907CF UT WOS:000301394700029 PM 22049383 ER PT J AU Trabert, B Longnecker, MP Brock, JW Klebanoff, MA McGlynn, KA AF Trabert, Britton Longnecker, Matthew P. Brock, John W. Klebanoff, Mark A. McGlynn, Katherine A. TI Maternal Pregnancy Levels of trans-Nonachlor and Oxychlordane and Prevalence of Cryptorchidism and Hypospadias in Boys SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE chlordanes; cryptorchidism; hypospadias; oxychlordane; pregnant women; prospective cohort; trans-nonachlor ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PESTICIDES; POPULATION; CHLORDANE; RISK AB BACKGROUND: The etiologies of the male urogenital anomalies cryptorchidism and hypospadias are poorly understood. Given positive associations between chlordane isomers and testicular germ cell tumors, it is reasonable to assume that chlordanes might also be associated with other testicular dysgenesis syndrome disorders, namely cryptorchidism and hypospadias. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether exposure to in utero chlordane is related to cryptorchidism and hypospadias, we evaluated levels of chlordane derivatives, trans-nonachlor and oxychlordane, among pregnant women enrolled in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP). METHODS: From 1959 to 1965, the CPP enrolled pregnant women at 12 U.S. medical centers. We analyzed serum trans-nonachlor and oxychlordane levels measured in third-trimester serum from the mothers of 217 sons with cryptorchidism, 197 sons with hypospadias, and 557 sons with neither condition. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: The quartile-specific ORs for cryptorchidism or hypospadias show no notable associations with trans-nonachlor or oxychlordane. Further, there were no significant trends with increasing quartile of maternal tram-nonachlor or oxychlordane level in either cryptorchidism or hypospadias (p-trend all > 0.45). CONCLUSIONS: The results do not support an association between chlordane levels and cryptorchidism or hypospadias. It is unlikely that current chlordane exposure is related to the development of either anomaly, given that serum chlordane levels at the time of sample collection, the early 1960s, were considerably higher than levels at present. C1 [Trabert, Britton; McGlynn, Katherine A.] Natl Canc Inst, NIH, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Hormonal & Reprod Epidemiol Branch,DHHS, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Longnecker, Matthew P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, DHHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Brock, John W.] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Brock, John W.] Warren Wilson Coll, Dept Environm Studies, Asheville, NC USA. [Brock, John W.] Warren Wilson Coll, Dept Chem, Asheville, NC USA. [Klebanoff, Mark A.] Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Ctr Perinatal Res, Columbus, OH USA. RP Trabert, B (reprint author), Natl Canc Inst, NIH, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Hormonal & Reprod Epidemiol Branch,DHHS, 6120 Executive Blvd,Suite 550, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM britton.trabert@nih.gov RI Trabert, Britton/F-8051-2015; OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 FU National Cancer Institute; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health FX Support for this research was provided by the Intramural Research Programs of the National Cancer Institute, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 120 IS 3 BP 478 EP 482 DI 10.1289/ehp.1103936 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 907CF UT WOS:000301394700040 PM 21975279 ER PT J AU Rygwelski, KR Zhang, XM Kreis, RG AF Rygwelski, Kenneth R. Zhang, Xiaomi Kreis, Russell G., Jr. TI Model forecasts of atrazine in Lake Michigan in response to various sensitivity and potential management scenarios SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Atrazine; Lake Michigan; Model; Herbicide; Forecast; Degradation ID GREAT-LAKES; MASS-BALANCE; BEHAVIOR; INPUT AB For more than forty years, the herbicide atrazine has been used on corn crops in the Lake Michigan basin to control weeds. It is usually applied to farm fields in the spring before or after the corn crop emerges. A version of the WASP4 mass balance model, LM2-Atrazine, was used to assess the impact of the historical and future usage of this chemical on lake water concentrations. Long-term model forecasts were performed under various sensitivity and potential management scenarios. The model was calibrated to available lake data and results indicate that atrazine, under average conditions, is decaying very slowly in the lake (0.009/year). This kinetic decay translates into a half-life estimate of 77 years. If the average condition scenario were assumed to remain constant into the future and reflective of conditions in January 1, 2005, it is expected that the lake (excluding Green Bay) would eventually reach a volume-weighted average atrazine concentration of approximately 67 ng/L in the year 2157 (current model prediction is 48 ng/L for year 2011). These forecasted lake-wide concentrations are below known water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic ecosystems. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Rygwelski, Kenneth R.; Kreis, Russell G., Jr.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Zhang, Xiaomi] Z Tech ICF Int Company, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. RP Rygwelski, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Large Lakes Res Stn,9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM rygwelski.kenneth@epa.gov; zhang.xiaomi@epa.gov; kreis.russell@epa.gov FU USEPA Great Lakes National Office; USEPA Office of Research and Development FX This project was fully funded by the USEPA Great Lakes National Program Office and the USEPA Office of Research and Development. Also, thanks go out to the many collaborators who provided data, especially to Perihan Kurt-Karakus and Terry Bidleman (Environment Canada) who provided lake data from individual stations sampled in their 2006 Lake Michigan survey that enabled a model confirmation evaluation. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.11.003 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 908TE UT WOS:000301513900001 ER PT J AU Pouliot, G Wisner, E Mobley, D Hunt, W AF Pouliot, George Wisner, Emily Mobley, David Hunt, William, Jr. TI Quantification of emission factor uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Emissions factors are important for estimating and characterizing emissions from sources of air pollution. There is no quantitative indication of uncertainty for these emission factors, most factors do not have an adequate data set to compute uncertainty, and it is very difficult to locate the data for those that do. The objectives are to compare the current emission factors of Electric Generating Unit NO sources with currently available continuous emission monitoring data, develop quantitative uncertainty indicators for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) data quality rated emission factors, and determine the possible ranges of uncertainty associated with EPA's data quality rating of emission factors. EPA's data letter rating represents a general indication of the robustness of the emission factor and is assigned based on the estimated reliability of the tests used to develop the factor and on the quantity and representativeness of the data. Different sources and pollutants that have the same robustness in the measured emission factor and in the. representativeness of the measured values are assumed to have a similar quantifiable uncertainty. For the purposes of comparison, we assume that the emission factor estimates from source categories with the same letter rating have enough robustness and consistency that we can quantify, the uncertainty of these common emission factors based on the qualitative indication of data quality which is known for almost all)(actors. The results showed that EPA's current emission factor values for NO emissions from combustion sources were found to be reasonably representative for some sources; however AP-42 values should be updated for over half of the sources to reflect current data. The quantified uncertainty ranges were found to be 25-62% for A rated emission factors, 45-75% for B rated emission factors, 60-82% jar C rated emission factors, and 69-86% for D rated emission factors, and 82-92% for E rated emission factors. C1 [Pouliot, George; Mobley, David] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wisner, Emily; Hunt, William, Jr.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pouliot, G (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pouliot.george@epa.gov OI Pouliot, George/0000-0003-3406-4814 FU Office of Research and Development FX The authors acknowledge Alissa Anderson, Colin Geisenhoffcr, Brody Heffner, and Michael Shaw from North Carolina State University for their previous work on this project in ST 495 and ST 498 Environmental Data Analysis Class in Fall 2009 and Spring 2010. They also acknowledge Jenise Swall and Kristen Foley of EPA for their statistical advice and input. Further, CSC is acknowledged for their support for preparation of the initial NOx combustion database. In addition, Barrett Parker of EPA is acknowledged for his support of the project and for use of the data from RTI for other pollutants and source categories. The EPA through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 62 IS 3 BP 287 EP 298 DI 10.1080/10473289.2011.649155 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910CD UT WOS:000301613900003 PM 22482287 ER PT J AU Hagler, GSW Lin, MY Khlystov, A Baldauf, RW Isakov, V Faircloth, J Jackson, LE AF Hagler, Gayle S. W. Lin, Ming-Yeng Khlystov, Andrey Baldauf, Richard W. Isakov, Vlad Faircloth, James Jackson, Laura E. TI Field investigation of roadside vegetative and structural barrier impact on near-road ultrafine particle concentrations under a variety of wind conditions SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Near-road; Noise barrier; Tree stands; Vegetation; Ultrafine; Particulate matter ID AIR-QUALITY; PARTICULATE POLLUTION; NOISE BARRIERS; DISPERSION; HIGHWAYS; TUNNEL AB Roadside barriers, such as tree stands or noise barriers, are prevalent in many populated areas and have been shown to affect the dispersion of traffic emissions. If roadside noise barriers or tree stands are found to consistently lower ground-level air pollution concentrations in the near-road environment, this may be a practical strategy for reducing exposures to air contaminants along populated traffic corridors. This study measured ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations using an instrumented mobile measurement approach, collecting data on major roadways and in near-road locations for more than forty sampling sessions at three locations in central North Carolina, USA. Two of the sampling sites had relatively thin tree stands, one evergreen and one deciduous, along a portion of the roadway. The third sampling site had a brick noise wall along a portion of the road. At 10 m from the road, UFPs measured using a mobile sampling platform were lower by approximately 50% behind the brick noise wall relative to a nearby location without a barrier for multiple meteorological conditions. The UFP trends at the vegetative barrier sites were variable and the barrier effect is uncertain. In some cases, higher concentrations were observed behind the vegetative barrier, with respect to the clearing, which may be due to gaps in the thin tree stands allowing the transport of traffic-related air pollution to near-road areas behind the vegetation. On-road sampling revealed no consistent difference in UFP levels in on-road portions of the road with or without a roadside barrier present. These findings support the notion that solid roadside barriers may mitigate near-road impact. Given the co-benefits of vegetative barriers in the urban landscape, research regarding the mitigation potential of vegetative barriers of other configurations (e.g., greater density, wider buffer) is encouraged. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hagler, Gayle S. W.; Baldauf, Richard W.; Faircloth, James] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lin, Ming-Yeng; Khlystov, Andrey] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Baldauf, Richard W.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Isakov, Vlad] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jackson, Laura E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hagler, GSW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hagler.gayle@epa.gov RI Khlystov, Andrey/C-6134-2009 OI Khlystov, Andrey/0000-0001-9606-3919 FU EPA, Office of Research and Development FX The authors are grateful for the research support provided by a number of EPA staff in the Office of Research and Development, especially Richard Shores, Eben Thoma, Sue Kimbrough, Bill Squier, Diane Pierce, Carlos Nunez, and Dan Costa. ARCADIS employees supported the mobile monitoring research in the field and laboratory, particularly Richard Snow, Russell Logan, Jerroll Faircloth, and Jeffrey Quinto. NR 25 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 9 U2 80 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 419 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.002 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910KC UT WOS:000301634600002 PM 22281040 ER PT J AU Alahmad, M Chaaban, MA Lau, SK Shi, J Neal, J AF Alahmad, Mahmoud Chaaban, Mohamed Amer Lau, Su Kit Shi, Jonathan Neal, Jill TI An adaptive utility interactive photovoltaic system based on a flexible switch matrix to optimize performance in real-time SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Adaptive systems; Photovoltaic power systems; Photovoltaic cells; Utility interactive system; Central inverter topology; Inverter AB Reconfigurable architectures are of great interest to system designers to improve the system's operation and efficiency. In this paper, we propose an adaptive utility interactive photovoltaic (PV) system based on a novel Flexible Switch array Matrix topology. This proposed system maximizes the generated power in real-time in response to operational conditions such as shading, soiling, mismatches, and module failure among others. The proposed system is a compromise in the utilization of power conditioning equipment to maximize energy capture and system efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate an average 13% improvement in efficiency when compared with the central inverter topology performance. A prototype system has been designed and tested. The experimental results validate the proposed topology and its benefits for a wide range of applications. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Alahmad, Mahmoud; Lau, Su Kit] Univ Nebraska, Durham Sch Architectural Engn & Construct, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Shi, Jonathan] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Neal, Jill] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Alahmad, M (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Durham Sch Architectural Engn & Construct, 206A PKI,1110 S 67th St, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. EM malahmad2@unl.edu; mchaaban@unomaha.edu; slau@mail.unomaha.edu; jshi3@ufl.edu; neal.jill@epa.gov OI Lau, Siu-Kit/0000-0002-2357-8281 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX This project is funded and sponsored by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). NR 27 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 9 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PD MAR PY 2012 VL 86 IS 3 BP 951 EP 963 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2011.12.028 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 909HY UT WOS:000301556400017 ER PT J AU LaLone, CA Villeneuve, DL Olmstead, AW Medlock, EK Kahl, MD Jensen, KM Durhan, EJ Makynen, EA Blanksma, CA Cavallin, JE Thomas, LM Seidl, SM Skolness, SY Wehmas, LC Johnson, RD Ankleyy, GT AF LaLone, Carlie A. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Olmstead, Allen W. Medlock, Elizabeth K. Kahl, Michael D. Jensen, Kathleen M. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Blanksma, Chad A. Cavallin, Jenna E. Thomas, Linnea M. Seidl, Sara M. Skolness, Sarah Y. Wehmas, Leah C. Johnson, Rodney D. Ankleyy, Gerald T. TI Effects of a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, dexamethasone, on fathead minnow reproduction, growth, and development SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Dexamethasone; Glucocorticoid; Glucocorticoid receptor; Fathead minnow ID DEPENDENT SEX DETERMINATION; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; MESSENGER-RNA; HUMAN PHARMACEUTICALS; FISH REPRODUCTION; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; TELEOST FISH; EXPRESSION; CORTISOL; STRESS AB Synthetic glucocorticoids are pharmaceutical compounds prescribed in human and veterinary medicine as anti-inflammatory agents and have the potential to contaminate natural watersheds via inputs from wastewater treatment facilities and confined animal-feeding operations. Despite this, few studies have examined the effects of this class of chemicals on aquatic vertebrates. To generate data to assess potential risk to the aquatic environment, we used fathead minnow 21-d reproduction and 29-d embryolarvae assays to determine reproductive toxicity and early-life-stage effects of dexamethasone. Exposure to 500 mu g dexamethasone/L in the 21-d test caused reductions in fathead minnow fecundity and female plasma estradiol concentrations and increased the occurrence of abnormally hatched fry. Female fish exposed to 500 mu g dexamethasone/L also displayed a significant increase in plasma vitellogenin protein levels, possibly because of decreased spawning. A decrease in vitellogenin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in liver tissue from females exposed to the high dexamethasone concentration lends support to this hypothesis. Histological results indicate that a 29-d embryolarval exposure to 500 mu g dexamethasone/L caused a significant increase in deformed gill opercula. Fry exposed to 500 mu g dexamethasone/L for 29?d also exhibited a significant reduction in weight and length compared with control fry. Taken together, these results indicate that nonlethal concentrations of a model glucocorticoid receptor agonist can impair fish reproduction, growth, and development. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:611622. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [LaLone, Carlie A.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Olmstead, Allen W.; Kahl, Michael D.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Durhan, Elizabeth J.; Makynen, Elizabeth A.; Thomas, Linnea M.; Seidl, Sara M.; Johnson, Rodney D.; Ankleyy, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [Medlock, Elizabeth K.] Depauw Univ, Dept Biochem, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. [Blanksma, Chad A.; Cavallin, Jenna E.] US EPA, ORISE Res Participat Program, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Midcontinent, Duluth, MN USA. [Skolness, Sarah Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Wehmas, Leah C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP LaLone, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. EM LaLone.Carlie@epa.gov NR 47 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 75 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 3 BP 611 EP 622 DI 10.1002/etc.1729 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 898ED UT WOS:000300717800024 PM 22189798 ER PT J AU Bollman, MA Storm, MJ King, GA Watrud, LS AF Bollman, Michael A. Storm, Marjorie J. King, George A. Watrud, Lidia S. TI Wetland and riparian plant communities at risk of invasion by transgenic herbicide-resistant Agrostis spp. in central Oregon SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agrostis stolonifera; Agrostis gigantea; Creeping bentgrass; Redtop; Genetically modified; Invasive species; Soil moisture ID CREEPING BENTGRASS; VEGETATION; ESTABLISHMENT; INVASIBILITY; STOLONIFERA; ZONES; SOILS; USA AB Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and redtop (A. gigantea) are introduced turfgrasses that are naturalized throughout the northern U.S. Interest in creeping bentgrass has risen following the 2003 escape of a genetically modified (GM), herbicide-resistant cultivar near Madras, Oregon. The objectives of this study were to characterize the floristic attributes of the plant communities associated with naturalized Agrostis populations in the Madras area, and to identify plant communities at risk of invasion by transgenic Agrostis. Vegetation data collected from 62 stratified random vegetation plots with and without A. stolonifera and A. gigantea identified 11 distinct plant communities. Community composition was strongly correlated with an indirect soil moisture index based on the wetland status of individual species. Results indicate that wetland plant communities are at the highest risk of invasion by transgenic A. stolonifera. Also, inter-specific gene flow to A. gigantea could affect additional habitats and plant communities where A. stolonifera is not found. Both A. stolonifera and A. gigantea were invasive in wetland and riparian settings in the Madras study area, and introducing glyphosate (e.g., Roundup(A (R)), Rodeo(A (R))) herbicide tolerance into these populations would eliminate the primary means of control for these species. C1 [Bollman, Michael A.; Watrud, Lidia S.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Storm, Marjorie J.; King, George A.] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Bollman, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM bollman.mike@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX Special thanks are extended to Kate Norman (United States Fish & Wildlife Service, Arlington, VA) for a thoughtful review of the manuscript and for assistance in creating Fig. 1, and to E. Henry Lee (United States Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR), for guidance on statistical analyses. We also appreciate the helpful comments of three anonymous reviewers. Information in this document has been funded wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 213 IS 3 BP 355 EP 370 DI 10.1007/s11258-011-0015-z PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 909VC UT WOS:000301592600001 ER PT J AU Tumburu, L Shepard, EF Strand, AE Browdy, CL AF Tumburu, Laxminath Shepard, Eleanor F. Strand, Allan E. Browdy, Craig L. TI Effects of endosulfan exposure and Taura Syndrome Virus infection on the survival and molting of the marine penaeid shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Litopenaeus vannamei; Molt cycle; Endosulfan; Taura Syndrome Virus ID PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CULTURED SHRIMP; GRASS SHRIMP; TOXICITY; CYCLE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PESTICIDE; INSECTICIDES; CRUSTACEANS AB Molting in crustaceans is an important endocrine-controlled biological process that plays a critical role in growth and reproduction. Many factors can affect this physiological cycle in crustaceans including environmental stressors and disease agents. For example the pathology of Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV) of shrimp is closely related to molting cycle. Similarly, endosulfan, a commonly used pesticide is a potential endocrine disruptor. This study explores interrelationships between pesticide exposure, virus infection and their interactions with physiology and susceptibility of the shrimp. Litopenaeus vannamei (Pacific white shrimp) were challenged with increasing doses of endosulfan and TSV (TSV-C, a Belize reference strain) to determine the respective median lethal concentrations (LC(50)s). The 96-h endosulfan LC50 was 5.32 mu g L-1, while the 7-d TSV LC50 was 54.74 mg L-1. Subsequently, based on their respective LC50 values, a 20-d interaction experiment with sublethal concentrations of endosulfan (2 mu g L-1) and TSV (30 mg L-1) confirmed a significant interaction (p < 0.05, chi(2) = 5.29), and thereby the susceptibility of the shrimp. Concurrently, molt-stage of animals, both at the time of exposure and death, was compared with mortality. For animals challenged with TSV, no strong correlation between molt-stage and mortality was observed (p > 0.05). For animals exposed to endosulfan, animals in the postmolt stage were shown to be more susceptible to acute toxicity (p < 0.05). For animals exposed to both TSV and endosulfan, interference of endosulfan-associated stress lead to increasingly higher susceptibility at postmolt (p < 0.05) during the acute phase of the TSV disease cycle. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tumburu, Laxminath] Univ Charleston, Environm Studies Masters Program, Charleston, SC USA. [Shepard, Eleanor F.; Browdy, Craig L.] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Strand, Allan E.] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. RP Tumburu, L (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM tumburu.laxminath@epa.gov FU USDA FX This research was supported by a grant from the USDA US Marine Shrimp Farming Program. We warmly thank members of the Marine Infectious Disease Laboratory at the Hollings Marine Laboratory for their help in rearing and challenging the shrimp. This is contribution number 689 from the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Marine Resources Research Institute. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2012 VL 86 IS 9 BP 912 EP 918 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.10.057 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905NA UT WOS:000301277700007 PM 22119282 ER PT J AU Burton, GA Rosen, G Chadwick, DB Greenberg, MS Taulbee, WK Lotufo, GR Reible, DD AF Burton, G. Allen, Jr. Rosen, Gunther Chadwick, D. Bart Greenberg, Marc S. Taulbee, W. Keith Lotufo, Guilherme R. Reible, Danny D. TI A sediment ecotoxicity assessment platform for in situ measures of chemistry, bioaccumulation and toxicity. Part 1: System description and proof of concept SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Sediment contamination; Risk assessment; In situ ID MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; ORGANISMS; EXPOSURES; QUALITY; WATER AB In situ-based testing using aquatic organisms has been widely reported, but is often limited in scope and practical usefulness in making decisions on ecological risk and remediation. To provide this capability, an integrated deployment system, the Sediment Ecotoxicity Assessment (SEA) Ring was developed, which incorporates rapid in situ hydrological, chemical, bioaccumulation, and toxicological Lines-of-Evidence (LoE) for assessing sediment and overlying water contamination. The SEA Ring system allows for diver-assisted, or diverless, deployment of multiple species of ecologically relevant and indigenous organisms in three different exposures (overlying water, sediment-water interface, and bulk sediment) for periods ranging from two days to three weeks, in a range of water systems. Measured endpoints were both sublethal and lethal effects as well as bioaccumulation. In addition, integrated passive sampling devices for detecting nonpolar organics (solid phase micro-extraction fibers) and metals (diffusive gradients in thin films) provided gradient measures in overlying waters and surficial sediments. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Burton, G. Allen, Jr.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rosen, Gunther; Chadwick, D. Bart] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, Environm Sci Branch, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Greenberg, Marc S.] US EPA, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. [Taulbee, W. Keith] Great Lakes Environm Ctr, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Lotufo, Guilherme R.] USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Reible, Danny D.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Burton, GA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM burtonal@umich.edu RI Burton, Glenn/Q-9714-2016 OI Burton, Glenn/0000-0002-8660-6294 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [ER-1550] FX This research was funded by a grant from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), under Project #ER-1550. The authors thank David Lampert, Patty Tuminello, Sarah Douglass, Jennifer Podegracz, Chris Stransky, Kyle Miller, Joel Guerrero, Brad Davidson, Ryan Halonen, Jon Groves, Robert Beltran, and Padrick Anderson, for their valuable contributions in the laboratory and/or field. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 162 BP 449 EP 456 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.11.018 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 903BB UT WOS:000301087800057 PM 22182967 ER PT J AU Rosen, G Chadwick, DB Burton, GA Taulbee, WK Greenberg, MS Lotufo, GR Reible, DD AF Rosen, Gunther Chadwick, D. Bart Burton, G. Allen Taulbee, W. Keith Greenberg, Marc S. Lotufo, Guilherme R. Reible, Danny D. TI A sediment ecotoxicity assessment platform for in situ measures of chemistry, bioaccumulation and toxicity. Part 2: Integrated application to a shallow estuary SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE In situ; Toxicity; Passive samplers; Sediment; Weight-of-evidence ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; COASTAL WATERS; BIOASSAYS; MARINE; BIOAVAILABILITY; CONTAMINANTS; POLLUTANTS; EXPOSURES; FIBERS AB A comprehensive, weight-of-evidence based ecological risk assessment approach integrating laboratory and in situ bioaccumulation and toxicity testing, passive sampler devices, hydrological characterization tools, continuous water quality sensing, and multi-phase chemical analyses was evaluated. The test site used to demonstrate the approach was a shallow estuarine wetland where groundwater seepage and elevated organic and inorganic contaminants were of potential concern. Although groundwater was discharging into the surficial sediments, little to no chemical contamination was associated with the infiltrating groundwater. Results from bulk chemistry analysis, toxicity testing, and bioaccumulation, however, suggested possible PAH toxicity at one station, which might have been enhanced by UV photoactivation, explaining the differences between in situ and laboratory amphipod survival. Concurrently deployed PAH bioaccumulation on solid-phase micro-extraction fibers positively correlated (r(2) >= 0.977) with in situ PAH bioaccumulation in amphipods, attesting to their utility as biomimetics, and contributing to the overall improved linkage between exposure and effects demonstrated by this approach. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rosen, Gunther; Chadwick, D. Bart] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Burton, G. Allen; Taulbee, W. Keith] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Greenberg, Marc S.] US EPA, Environm Response Team, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. [Lotufo, Guilherme R.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Reible, Danny D.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Rosen, G (reprint author), Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, 53475 Strothe Rd, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM gunther.rosen@navy.mil; bart.chadwick@navy.mil; burtonal@umich.edu; ktaulbee@glec.com; greenberg.marc@epa.gov; guilherme.lotufo@usace.army.mil; reible@mail.utexas.edu RI Burton, Glenn/Q-9714-2016 OI Burton, Glenn/0000-0002-8660-6294 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [ER-1550]; Environmental Security Technology Certification Program [ER-0624] FX This research was funded by a grant from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, under Project #ER-1550. The deployment of the SPME was supported by the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, under Project #ER-0624. The authors thank David Lampert, Patty Tuminello, Sarah Douglass, Jennifer Podegracz, Kyle Miller, Joel Guerrero, Brad Davidson, Ryan Halonen, Jon Groves, Robert Beltran, Laura Palombi, and Padrick Anderson, for their valuable contributions in the laboratory and/or field. We gratefully acknowledge assistance from Mace Barron and Peggy Harris (EPA Gulf Ecology Division's Toxicology. Laboratory) for use of their facilities, and Mike Singletary and Patty Whittemore, who facilitated access to the site. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 162 BP 457 EP 465 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.11.013 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 903BB UT WOS:000301087800058 PM 22172938 ER PT J AU Rozas, LP Minello, TJ Dantin, DD AF Rozas, Lawrence P. Minello, Thomas J. Dantin, Darrin D. TI Use of Shallow Lagoon Habitats by Nekton of the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Seagrass; Salt marsh; Habitat comparison; Pink shrimp; Farfantepenaeus duorarum; Florida lagoon ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; GALVESTON BAY; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; SALT-MARSH; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; FLORIDA BAY; DUORARUM BURKENROAD; SEAGRASS MEADOWS; FISH COMMUNITIES; ESTUARINE FISH AB We compared nekton use of prominent habitat types within a lagoonal system of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (GoM). These habitat types were defined by combinations of structure (cover type) and location (distance from shore) as: Spartina edge (a parts per thousand currency sign1 m from shore), Spartina (3 m from shore); Juncus edge (a parts per thousand currency sign1 m from shore); seagrass located 3, 5, and 20 m from shore; and shallow non-vegetated bottom at various distances from shore. Although seagrass and Spartina edge sites differed little in environmental characteristics, the density and biomass of most abundant taxa, including pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus duorarum), were higher in seagrass. Most species within seagrass and Spartina did not differ in abundance or biomass with distance from shore. Our study revealed a shift in peak habitat use in the northeastern GoM to seagrass beds from the pattern observed to the west where nekton is concentrated within shoreline emergent vegetation. C1 [Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Minello, Thomas J.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv SEFSC, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Dantin, Darrin D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Rozas, LP (reprint author), NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, 646 Cajundome Blvd,Room 175, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM lawrence.rozas@noaa.gov FU Natural Resources Department, Tyndall Air Force Base; EPA Gulf Ecology Division; NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX This research was conducted through the NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center by personnel from the Fishery Ecology Branch (FEB) located at the Galveston Laboratory and the Estuarine Habitats and Coastal Fisheries Center in Lafayette, Louisiana. The assistance of everyone in the FEB was essential for the successful completion of this project. In particular, we thank Jim Ditty, Jennifer Doerr, Shawn Hillen, Juan Salas, Katie Turner, and Elizabeth Wilson for help in collecting and processing samples and Philip Caldwell for producing Fig. 1. We acknowledge John A. Dittmar III (EPA Gulf Ecology Division) for computing the aerial coverage of habitat types. We also thank Kevin Caillouet (Tulane University), Heather Pace Dyer (Nicholls State University), Janet A. Nestlerode (EPA Gulf Ecology Division), and Dominic Guadagnoli (Georgia Department of Natural Resources) for assisting in collecting nekton samples. Alejandro E. Almario with the EPA Gulf Ecology Division assisted by providing tidal data. We thank Jack Mobley and Mike Mitsud (Natural Resources Department, Tyndall Air Force Base) for providing logistical support at the study site. We acknowledge the EPA Gulf Ecology Division and the NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center for funding this research project. Two anonymous reviewers and the editor suggested changes that improved the original manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NOAA Fisheries Service. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 2 BP 572 EP 586 DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9449-8 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 898WA UT WOS:000300771900016 ER PT J AU Caruso, BS Mirtskhulava, M Wireman, M Schroeder, W Kornilovich, B Griffin, S AF Caruso, Brian S. Mirtskhulava, Merab Wireman, Michael Schroeder, William Kornilovich, Boris Griffin, Susan TI Effects of Manganese Mining on Water Quality in the Caucasus Mountains, Republic of Georgia SO MINE WATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Georgia; Manganese; Metals; Mining; Water quality ID HYPORHEIC ZONE; TRACE-METALS; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS; NITROGEN; STREAM; CREEK AB One of the world's richest manganese (Mn) deposits and largest Mn mining areas lies in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains, near the city of Chiatura in the Republic of Georgia. This study was an initial evaluation of the effects of Mn mining on water quality in the Chiatura region. Seven river and stream locations (three on the Kvirila River and four on tributaries), five untreated drinking water supplies (four springs and one groundwater well), and one untreated industrial wastewater discharge (Mn processing) were sampled and analyzed for field indicator parameters, anions, cations, and metals. Five river bed sediment sites (co-located with river water sites) were also sampled and analyzed for metals. Three of the public water supplies were contaminated by coliform bacteria, and concentrations of dissolved Mn, Fe, and Ni exceeded Georgian drinking water criteria in the groundwater supply well. The Kvirila River had very high concentrations of total Mn and Fe relative to an upstream location, especially downstream of the industrial discharges. Several tributaries also had elevated concentrations due to nonpoint source pollution from mine waste near the streams. Mn and Fe loads in the Kvirila River and tributaries were primarily in the particulate form. The river bed sediments at all five sampled river sites contained elevated metal concentrations. Mn and Ni, in particular, were very high in the Kvirila River near the discharges compared to background soil levels. Although Mn and Fe oxide solids in sediment can increase adsorption and attenuation of other metals from the water column, the contaminated sediments can also serve as a long-term residual source of metal contamination of river water, with potentially significant adverse ecological and human health effects. C1 [Caruso, Brian S.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Civil & Nat Resources Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Mirtskhulava, Merab] Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, GA USA. [Wireman, Michael; Schroeder, William; Griffin, Susan] US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Kornilovich, Boris] Tech Univ Ukraine, UA-03056 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Caruso, BS (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Civil & Nat Resources Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM brian.caruso@canterbury.ac.nz NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1025-9112 J9 MINE WATER ENVIRON JI Mine Water Environ. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 16 EP 28 DI 10.1007/s10230-011-0163-3 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 902MI UT WOS:000301042100003 ER PT J AU Sohl, CD Singh, K Kasiviswanathan, R Copeland, WC Mitsuya, H Sarafianos, SG Anderson, KS AF Sohl, Christal D. Singh, Kamlendra Kasiviswanathan, Rajesh Copeland, William C. Mitsuya, Hiroaki Sarafianos, Stefan G. Anderson, Karen S. TI Mechanism of Interaction of Human Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase gamma with the Novel Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor 4 '-Ethynyl-2-Fluoro-2 '-Deoxyadenosine Indicates a Low Potential for Host Toxicity SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; ANTIRETROVIRAL-THERAPY; LIPODYSTROPHY; RECOGNITION; VARIANTS; SUBUNIT; ANALOGS; DRUGS AB The potent antiretroviral 4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine (EFdA) is a promising experimental agent for treating HIV infection. Pre-steady-state kinetics were used to characterize the interaction of EFdA-triphosphate (EFdA-TP) with human mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (Pol gamma) to assess the potential for toxicity. Pol gamma incorporated EFdA-TP 4,300-fold less efficiently than dATP, with an excision rate similar to ddATP. This strongly indicates EFdA is a poor Pol gamma substrate, suggesting minimal Pol gamma-mediated toxicity, although this should be examined under clinical settings. C1 [Sohl, Christal D.; Anderson, Karen S.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Singh, Kamlendra; Sarafianos, Stefan G.] Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. [Kasiviswanathan, Rajesh; Copeland, William C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Mitsuya, Hiroaki] Kumamoto Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Infect Dis, Kumamoto, Japan. [Mitsuya, Hiroaki] Kumamoto Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Hematol, Kumamoto, Japan. [Mitsuya, Hiroaki] NCI, Expt Retrovirol Sect, HIV & AIDS Malignancy Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Anderson, KS (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM karen.anderson@yale.edu RI Kasiviswanathan, Rajesh/D-2744-2012 FU NIH [R01 GM049551, F32 GM099289, AI094715, AI076119, AI079801, AI074389]; NIH, NIEHS [ES 065080] FX This work was supported by NIH grants R01 GM049551 (to K.S.A.), F32 GM099289 (to C.D.S.), AI094715, AI076119, AI079801, and AI074389 (to S.G.S.) and by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIEHS, ES 065080 (to W.C.C.). NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1630 EP 1634 DI 10.1128/AAC.05729-11 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 897DN UT WOS:000300623300070 PM 22155823 ER PT J AU McLanahan, ED El-Masri, HA Sweeney, LM Kopylev, LY Clewell, HJ Wambaugh, JF Schlosser, PM AF McLanahan, Eva D. El-Masri, Hisham A. Sweeney, Lisa M. Kopylev, Leonid Y. Clewell, Harvey J. Wambaugh, John F. Schlosser, P. M. TI Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model Use in Risk Assessment-Why Being Published Is Not Enough SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PBPK; benchmark dose; risk assessment; Markov chain Monte Carlo; ontology ID INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; POPULATION TOXICOKINETICS; PBPK MODELS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; TISSUE DOSIMETRY; POTENTIAL IMPACT; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; CANCER-RISK; HUMANS AB A panel of experts in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and relevant quantitative methods was convened to describe and discuss model evaluation criteria, issues, and choices that arise in model application and computational tools for improving model quality for use in human health risk assessments (HHRAs). Although publication of a PBPK model in a peer-reviewed journal is a mark of good science, subsequent evaluation of published models and the supporting computer code is necessary for their consideration for use in HHRAs. Standardized model evaluation criteria and a thorough and efficient review process can reduce the number of review and revision iterations and hence the time needed to prepare a model for application. Efficient and consistent review also allows for rapid identification of needed model modifications to address HHRA-specific issues. This manuscript reports on the workshop where a process and criteria that were created for PBPK model review were discussed along with other issues related to model review and application in HHRA. Other issues include (1) model code availability, portability, and validity; (2) probabilistic (e.g., population-based) PBPK models and critical choices in parameter values to fully characterize population variability; and (3) approaches to integrating PBPK model outputs with other HHRA tools, including benchmark dose modeling. Two specific case study examples are provided to illustrate challenges that were encountered during the review and application process. By considering the frequent challenges encountered in the review and application of PBPK models during the model development phase, scientists may be better able to prepare their models for use in HHRAs. C1 [McLanahan, Eva D.] US EPA, ORD, NCEA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [El-Masri, Hisham A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sweeney, Lisa M.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Clewell, Harvey J.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Ctr Human Hlth Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wambaugh, John F.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kopylev, Leonid Y.; Schlosser, P. M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP McLanahan, ED (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NCEA, MD B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mclanahan.eva@epa.gov RI Sweeney, Lisa/K-5114-2012; OI Sweeney, Lisa/0000-0002-4672-7358; Wambaugh, John/0000-0002-4024-534X FU HAP Task Force; Halogenated Solvents Industry Alliance FX The work on EDC and perc was funded by the HAP Task Force and the Halogenated Solvents Industry Alliance. These sponsors had no role in the preparation of this manuscript. NR 58 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 126 IS 1 BP 5 EP 15 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfr295 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 901TI UT WOS:000300989300003 PM 22045031 ER PT J AU Royland, JE Kodavanti, PRS Schmid, JE MacPhail, RC AF Royland, Joyce E. Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S. Schmid, Judith E. MacPhail, Robert C. TI Toluene Effects on Gene Expression in the Hippocampus of Young Adult, Middle-Age, and Senescent Brown Norway Rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE life stage; toluene; genomics; oxidative stress; hippocampus; susceptibility ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BIPHASIC CHANGES; INHALED TOLUENE; ACUTE EXPOSURE; BRAIN-REGIONS; RNA QUALITY; WORKERS; HEALTH AB Differential susceptibility to environmental exposures across life stages is an area of toxicology about which little is known. We examined the effects of toluene on transcriptomic changes and oxidative stress (OS) parameters (e.g., NQO1 and GPX) in the rat brain at different life stages to elucidate key molecular pathways responsible for toluene-induced neurotoxicity, as well as possible age-related interactions. Changes in assessed end points following acute oral toluene (0, 0.65, and 1.0 g/kg) were examined 4 h after exposure in hippocampi of Brown Norway Rats at 4, 12, and 24 months of age. Genomic data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA to identify the effects of age, toluene, and interactions between the two factors. Analysis by one-way ANOVA identified 183 genes whose expression changed >= 1.25-fold with age. The majority of the genes were upregulated between life stages (> 79%). Similar analysis for toluene-related genes found only two sequences to vary significantly with dose. Fifty-six genes were identified to have expression changes due to an age-toluene interaction. Expression of genes with roles in immune response, cytoskeleton, protein, and energy metabolism was changed with advancing life stage, indicating changes in basic cellular homeostasis. Toluene affected similar cell functions, enhancing the effects of aging. OS parameters also indicated age-related changes in response mechanisms, evidence of toluene damage, and supported an age-toluene interaction. The data indicate that life stage can alter the toxicity of acute toluene exposure in various and complex ways, highlighting the need for further investigation into the role of aging in susceptibility. C1 [Royland, Joyce E.] US EPA, Genet & Cellular Toxicol Branch, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S.; MacPhail, Robert C.] US EPA, Neurotoxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Schmid, Judith E.] US EPA, Res Cores Unit, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Royland, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div MD B105 05, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM royland.joyce@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency FX United States Environmental Protection Agency. NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 126 IS 1 BP 193 EP 212 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfr340 PG 20 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 901TI UT WOS:000300989300018 PM 22166486 ER PT J AU Hobbie, KR DeAngelo, AB George, MH Law, JM AF Hobbie, K. R. DeAngelo, A. B. George, M. H. Law, J. M. TI Neoplastic and Nonneoplastic Liver Lesions Induced by Dimethylnitrosamine in Japanese Medaka Fish SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Japanese medaka; Oryzias latipes; hepatocarcinogenesis; dimethylnitrosamine; aquatic animal models; comparative carcinogenesis; alternative animal models ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; INDUCED HEPATIC-FIBROSIS; N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; MESSENGER-RNA; TGF-BETA; STELLATE CELLS; RAINBOW-TROUT; II RECEPTOR; OVAL CELL AB Small fish models have been used for decades in carcinogenicity testing. Demonstration of common morphological changes associated with specific mechanisms is a clear avenue by which data can be compared across divergent phyletic levels. Dimethylnitrosamine, used in rats to model human alcoholic cirrhosis and hepatic neoplasia, is also a potent hepatotoxin and carcinogen in fish. We recently reported some striking differences in the mutagenicity of DMN in lambda cII transgenic medaka fish vs. Big Blue (R) rats, but the pre-neoplastic and neoplastic commonalities between the two models are largely unknown. Here, we focus on these commonalities, with special emphasis on the TGF-beta pathway and its corresponding role in DMN-induced hepatic neoplasia. Similar to mammals, hepatocellular necrosis, regeneration, and dysplasia; hepatic stellate cell and "spindle cell" proliferation; hepatocellular and biliary carcinomas; and TGF-beta 1 expression by dysplastic hepatocytes all occurred in DMN-exposed medaka. Positive TGF-beta 1 staining increased with increasing DMN exposure in bile preductular epithelial cells, intermediate cells, immature hepatocytes and fewer mature hepatocytes. Muscle specific actin identified hepatic stellate cells in DMN-exposed fish. Additional mechanistic comparisons between animal models at different phyletic levels will continue to facilitate the interspecies extrapolations that are so critical to toxicological risk assessments. C1 [Law, J. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Law, J. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Comparat Med & Translat Res, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [DeAngelo, A. B.; George, M. H.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hobbie, K. R.] Integrated Syst Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Law, JM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM mac_law@ncsu.edu FU State of North Carolina institutional research funds; NCSU CVM; NC State University; US EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina FX The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: funding from the State of North Carolina institutional research funds, the NCSU CVM graduate program in Comparative Biomedical Sciences, and the inter-institutional funding agreement between NC State University and the US EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP 372 EP 385 DI 10.1177/0300985811409443 PG 14 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 899SI UT WOS:000300836000017 PM 21724976 ER PT J AU Buse, HY Ashbolt, NJ AF Buse, Helen Y. Ashbolt, Nicholas J. TI Counting Legionella Cells within Single Amoeba Host Cells SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; PNEUMOPHILA; AEROSOLS; EXPOSURE AB Here we present the first attempt to quantify Legionella pneumophila cell numbers within individual amoeba hosts that may be released into engineered water systems. The maximum numbers of culturable L. pneumophila cells grown within Acanthamoeba polyphaga and Naegleria fowleri were 1,348 (mean, 329) and 385 (mean, 44) CFU trophozoite(-1), respectively. C1 [Buse, Helen Y.; Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Buse, HY (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM buse.helen@epa.gov NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 78 IS 6 BP 2070 EP 2072 DI 10.1128/AEM.07392-11 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 897EX UT WOS:000300629800056 PM 22226955 ER PT J AU Sierra-Santoyo, A Angeles-Soto, E Lopez-Gonzalez, MD Harrison, RA Hughes, MF AF Sierra-Santoyo, Adolfo Angeles-Soto, Esperanza de Lourdes Lopez-Gonzalez, Ma. Harrison, Randy A. Hughes, Michael F. TI In vitro metabolism of the anti-androgenic fungicide vinclozolin by rat liver microsomes SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vinclozolin; In vitro metabolism; Cytochrome P450; Endocrine disruption; Biomarkers ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; ANTIANDROGEN VINCLOZOLIN; ENVIRONMENTAL ANTIANDROGEN; CYTOCHROME-P450 ENZYMES; INTRINSIC CLEARANCE; INHIBITION; EXPOSURE; PHARMACOKINETICS; ORPHENADRINE; HYDROLYSIS AB Vinclozolin (V) is a fungicide used in agricultural settings. V administered to rats is hydrolyzed to 2-[[(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-carbamoyl]oxy]-2-methyl-3-butenoic acid (M1) and 3',5'-dichloro-2-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-enanilide (M2). V, M1 and M2 have antiandrogenic properties by interacting with the androgen receptor. Data on V, M1 and M2 biotransformation are limited. Our objective was to characterize V metabolism by rat liver microsomes. V was incubated with non-treated adult male Long-Evans rat liver microsomes and NADPH. Several metabolites were detected following the extraction of incubate with acetonitrile and analysis by HPLC/DAD/MSD. One metabolite was identified as [3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione] (M4), which was gradually converted to 3',5'-dichloro-2,3,4-trihydroxy-2-methylbutylanilide (M5). Both co-eluted in the same HPLC peak. Another metabolite ([M7]) was detected by UV but was unstable for mass spectral analysis. The K (M app) for co-eluted M4/M5 and [M7] was 53.7 and 135.4 mu M, the V (max app) was 0.812 and 0.669 nmoles/min/mg protein, and CLint was 15.1 and 4.9 ml/min/g protein, respectively. Pilocarpine, orphenadrine and proadifen and anti-rat cytochrome P450 (CYP)2A, 2B and 3A antibodies inhibited M4/M5 and [M7] formation. These results indicate that V is efficiently metabolized by CYP. Determination of the metabolites of V will provide further insight into the relationship between toxicity and tissue dose of V and its metabolites. C1 [Sierra-Santoyo, Adolfo; Angeles-Soto, Esperanza; de Lourdes Lopez-Gonzalez, Ma.] CINVESTAV IPN, Dept Toxicol, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. [Sierra-Santoyo, Adolfo; Harrison, Randy A.; Hughes, Michael F.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sierra-Santoyo, A (reprint author), CINVESTAV IPN, Dept Toxicol, Av IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. EM asierra@cinvestav.mx FU National Research Council [CR828790]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [45688-Q] FX A. Sierra-Santoyo was funded by National Research Council CR828790. This work was partially supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia grant number 45688-Q. The authors also thank Brenda C. Edwards for her technical assistance. This article has been reviewed in accordance with the policy of the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 86 IS 3 BP 413 EP 421 DI 10.1007/s00204-011-0762-6 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 896NX UT WOS:000300575900007 PM 22002493 ER PT J AU Zhou, RH Vendrov, AE Tchivilev, I Niu, XL Molnar, KC Rojas, M Carter, JD Tong, HY Stouffer, GA Madamanchi, NR Runge, MS AF Zhou, Rui-Hai Vendrov, Aleksandr E. Tchivilev, Igor Niu, Xi-Lin Molnar, Kimberly C. Rojas, Mauricio Carter, Jacqueline D. Tong, Haiyan Stouffer, George A. Madamanchi, Nageswara R. Runge, Marschall S. TI Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Aortic Stiffening With Age The Role of Smooth Muscle Cell Function SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aging; blood pressure; reactive oxygen species; signal transduction; vasodilation ID MANGANESE-SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; FORKHEAD TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; PULSE-WAVE VELOCITY; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-2; CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; ARTERIAL STIFFNESS; ANGIOTENSIN-II; DEFICIENT MICE AB Objective-Age-related aortic stiffness is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Although oxidative stress is implicated in aortic stiffness, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unelucidated. Here, we examined the source of oxidative stress in aging and its effect on smooth muscle cell (SMC) function and aortic compliance using mutant mouse models. Methods and Results-Pulse wave velocity, determined using Doppler, increased with age in superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2)(+/-) but not in wild-type, p47phox(-/-) and SOD1(+/-) mice. Echocardiography showed impaired cardiac function in these mice. Increased collagen I expression, impaired elastic lamellae integrity, and increased medial SMC apoptosis were observed in the aortic wall of aged SOD2(+/-) versus wild-type (16-month-old) mice. Aortic SMCs from aged SOD2(+/-) mice showed increased collagen I and decreased elastin expression, increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression and activity, and increased sensitivity to staurosporine-induced apoptosis versus aged wild-type and young (4-month-old) SOD2(+/-) mice. Smooth muscle alpha-actin levels were increased with age in SOD2(+/-) versus wild-type SMCs. Aged SOD2(+/-) SMCs had attenuated insulin-like growth factor-alpha-induced Akt and Forkhead box O3a phosphorylation and prolonged tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced Jun N-terminal kinase 1 activation. Aged SOD2(+/-) SMCs had increased mitochondrial superoxide but decreased hydrogen peroxide levels. Finally, dominant-negative Forkhead box O3a overexpression attenuated staurosporine-induced apoptosis in aged SOD2(+/-) SMCs. Conclusion-Mitochondrial oxidative stress over a lifetime causes aortic stiffening, in part by inducing vascular wall remodeling, intrinsic changes in SMC stiffness, and aortic SMC apoptosis. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012; 32:745-755.) C1 [Zhou, Rui-Hai; Vendrov, Aleksandr E.; Tchivilev, Igor; Niu, Xi-Lin; Molnar, Kimberly C.; Rojas, Mauricio; Stouffer, George A.; Madamanchi, Nageswara R.; Runge, Marschall S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, McAllister Heart Inst, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Zhou, Rui-Hai; Stouffer, George A.; Runge, Marschall S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Carter, Jacqueline D.; Tong, Haiyan] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Runge, MS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, McAllister Heart Inst, 125 MacNaider Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM marschall_runge@med.unc.edu RI Vendrov, Aleksandr/A-4115-2010; OI Vendrov, Aleksandr/0000-0003-4971-8040; Madamanchi, Nageswara/0000-0003-0590-0908 FU National Institutes of Health [HL-57352, AG 024282, HL083828-04] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants HL-57352 and AG 024282. Dr Zhou is a cardiology fellow supported by National Institutes of Health T32 Training Grant HL083828-04. NR 58 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 745 EP U491 DI 10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.243121 PG 14 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 897HP UT WOS:000300639300030 PM 22199367 ER PT J AU Fessler, MB AF Fessler, M. B. TI Next stop for HDL: the lung SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ASTHMA; CHOLESTEROL; HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; LIPOPROTEINS; CHILDREN; CELLS C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Fessler, MB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233,MD D2-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fesslerm@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA ES102005-06]; NIEHS NIH HHS [Z01 ES102005] NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0954-7894 J9 CLIN EXP ALLERGY JI Clin. Exp. Allergy PD MAR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 3 BP 340 EP 342 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03942.x PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 897TX UT WOS:000300681600001 PM 22356140 ER PT J AU Tubbs, C Hartig, P Cardon, M Varga, N Milnes, M AF Tubbs, Christopher Hartig, Phillip Cardon, Mary Varga, Nicole Milnes, Matthew TI Activation of Southern White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) Estrogen Receptors by Phytoestrogens: Potential Role in the Reproductive Failure of Captive-Born Females? SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA COUMESTROL; ISOFLAVONES; TRACT; SHEEP; METABOLISM; DAIDZEIN; ALPHA; BETA; SOY AB The captive southern white rhinoceros (SWR; Ceratotherium simum simum) population serves as an important genetic reservoir critical to the conservation of this vulnerable species. Unfortunately, captive populations are declining due to the poor reproductive success of captive-born females. Captive female SWR exhibit reproductive problems suggested to result from continual ovarian follicular activity and prolonged exposure to endogenous estrogen. However, we investigated the potential role of exogenous dietary phytoestrogens in the reproductive failure of SWR by cloning and characterizing in vitro phytoestrogen binding and activation of recombinant SWR estrogen receptors (ESR). We compared those characteristics with recombinant greater one-horned rhinoceros (GOHR; Rhinoceros unicornis) ESR, a species that receives similar captive diets yet reproduces relatively well. Our results indicate that phytoestrogens bind rhino ESR in a manner similar to other vertebrate species, but there are no differences found in phytoestrogen binding affinity of SWR ESR compared with GOHR ESR. However, species-specific differences in ESR activation by phytoestrogens were detected. The phytoestrogen coumestrol stimulated greater maximal activation of SWR ESR1 than GOHR ESR1. SWR ESR2 were also more sensitive to phytoestrogens and were activated to a greater extent by both coumestrol and daidzein. The concentrations in which significant differences in ESR activation occurred (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) are consistent with circulating concentrations measured in other vertebrate species. Taken together, these findings suggest that phytoestrogens potentially pose a risk to the reproductive health of captive SWR. However, additional studies are needed to further clarify the physiological role of dietary phytoestrogens in the reduced fertility of this species. (Endocrinology 153: 1444-1452, 2012) C1 [Tubbs, Christopher; Varga, Nicole; Milnes, Matthew] San Diego Zoo Inst Conservat Res, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. [Hartig, Phillip; Cardon, Mary] US EPA, Toxic Assessment Div, Reprod Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Milnes, M (reprint author), Mars Hill Coll, POB 6671,100 Athlet St, Mars Hill, NC 28754 USA. EM ctubbs@sandiegozoo.org; mmilnes@mhc.edu NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 38 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD MAR PY 2012 VL 153 IS 3 BP 1444 EP 1452 DI 10.1210/en.2011-1962 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 897JG UT WOS:000300645600047 PM 22253418 ER PT J AU Ingwersen, WW Stevenson, MJ AF Ingwersen, Wesley W. Stevenson, Martha J. TI Can we compare the environmental performance of this product to that one? An update on the development of product category rules and future challenges toward alignment SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE PCR; EPD; Product carbon footprint; LCA; Product environmental claims ID DECLARATIONS AB When used to compare the relative environmental performance of different products, life cycle-based, quantitative environmental claims, such as carbon footprint claims, and environmental product declarations require common rules in order for claims to be comparable within a category. Product category rules (PCRs), which are defined in the ISO 14025 standard, specify how life cycle environmental impacts should be estimated and reported for products within a given category. The standard has allowed for the development of multiple program operators in different countries, each with its own set of PCRs. We provide a global update on the development of PCRs, describing progress in existing programs and highlighting emerging efforts. As PCRs have begun to proliferate, challenges have arisen that could potentially undermine comparison of life-cycle-based claims for comparable products. These challenges include the definition of the product category, the lack of common data sources, limited geographic scope, and the format of the claim. We present some recommendations on overcoming these challenges and point out some potential mechanisms to support alignment internationally. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ingwersen, Wesley W.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Stevenson, Martha J.] World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Ingwersen, WW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, MS-483,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Ingwersen.wesley@epa.gov; martha.stevenson@wwfus.org OI Ingwersen, Wesley/0000-0002-9614-701X NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 24 BP 102 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.10.040 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 895DQ UT WOS:000300476800012 ER PT J AU Phelan, KD Mock, MM Kretz, O Shwe, UT Kozhemyakin, M Greenfield, LJ Dietrich, A Birnbaumer, L Freichel, M Flockerzi, V Zheng, F AF Phelan, Kevin D. Mock, Matthew M. Kretz, Oliver Shwe, U. Thaung Kozhemyakin, Maxim Greenfield, L. John Dietrich, Alexander Birnbaumer, Lutz Freichel, Marc Flockerzi, Veit Zheng, Fang TI Heteromeric Canonical Transient Receptor Potential 1 and 4 Channels Play a Critical Role in Epileptiform Burst Firing and Seizure-Induced Neurodegeneration SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEPTAL NUCLEUS NEURONS; AMINO-ACID RECEPTOR; TRP CHANNELS; PILOCARPINE MODEL; AGONIST; MICE; ACTIVATION; DISORDERS; BRAIN; ENTRY AB Canonical transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) are receptor- operated cation channels that are activated in response to phospholipase C signaling. Although TRPC1 is ubiquitously expressed in the brain, TRPC4 expression is the most restrictive, with the highest expression level limited to the lateral septum. The subunit composition of neuronal TRPC channels remains uncertain because of conflicting data from recombinant expression systems. Here we report that the large depolarizing plateau potential that underlies the epileptiform burst firing induced by metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists in lateral septal neurons was completely abolished in TRPC1/4 double- knockout mice, and was abolished in 74% of lateral septal neurons in TRPC1 knockout mice. Furthermore, neuro- nal cell death in the lateral septum and the cornu ammonis 1 region of hippocampus after pilocarpine- induced severe seizures was significantly ameliorated in TRPC1/4 double- knockout mice. Our data suggest that both TRPC1 and TRPC4 are essential for an intrinsic membrane conductance mediating the plateau potential in lateral septal neurons, possibly as heteromeric channels. Moreover, excitotoxic neuronal cell death, an underlying process for many neurological diseases, is not mediated merely by ionotropic glutamate receptors but also by heteromeric TRPC channels activated by metabotropic glutamate receptors. TRPC channels could be an unsuspected but critical molecular target for clinical intervention for excitotoxicity. C1 [Mock, Matthew M.; Shwe, U. Thaung; Zheng, Fang] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Phelan, Kevin D.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Neurobiol & Dev Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Kozhemyakin, Maxim; Greenfield, L. John] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Neurol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Kretz, Oliver] Univ Freiburg, Inst Anat & Cell Biol, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. [Dietrich, Alexander] LB Univ Munich, Walther Straub Inst Pharmacol & Toxicol, Munich, Germany. [Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Freichel, Marc; Flockerzi, Veit] Univ Saarland, Fak Med, Homburg, Germany. RP Zheng, F (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. EM zhengfang@uams.edu RI Dietrich, Alexander/G-8619-2013; Zheng, Fang/J-1400-2016; OI Zheng, Fang/0000-0002-6626-1938; Dietrich, Alexander/0000-0002-1168-8707 FU National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NS050381, NS047546]; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Tobacco Research Fund; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Hornick Research Award; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Institute of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES101684] FX This work was supported by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NS050381, NS047546]; the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Tobacco Research Fund; the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Hornick Research Award; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; and in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES101684]. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 81 IS 3 BP 384 EP 392 DI 10.1124/mol.111.075341 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 897CK UT WOS:000300618800012 PM 22144671 ER PT J AU Vinikoor-Imler, LC Gray, SC Edwards, SE Miranda, ML AF Vinikoor-Imler, Lisa C. Gray, Simone C. Edwards, Sharon E. Miranda, Marie Lynn TI The effects of exposure to particulate matter and neighbourhood deprivation on gestational hypertension SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; social deprivation; gestational hypertension; prenatal environment; particulates ID PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; BLOOD-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; NORTH-CAROLINA; PREECLAMPSIA; RISK; COHORT; BIRTH; COMPLICATIONS AB Gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are conditions that affect the health of both mothers and infants during and after pregnancy. Recent research indicates the importance of considering environmental, social and individual contributors to poor pregnancy outcomes. Our research examined particulate matter (PM) concentrations as one measure of environmental exposure and neighbourhood quality as one measure of the social environment. We used these measures, as well as maternal characteristics, to predict the risk of gestational hypertension (including pre-eclampsia and eclampsia). North Carolina Detailed Birth Record data for 2000-2003 were obtained and geocoded for all singleton births. Levels of PM10 and PM2.5 were determined using air quality data from the US Environmental Protection Agency. Information on a woman's residential neighbourhood was determined from 2000 Census data. Modified Poisson regression models clustered by tract were used to examine the associations between PM levels, neighbourhood deprivation and maternal characteristics with gestational hypertension. Analysiswas restricted towomenresiding within 20 kmof a PMmonitor. BothPM10 and PM2.5 were associated with gestational hypertension; the risk ratios for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in exposure were 1.07 [ 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04, 1.11] for PM10 (IQR: 3.92 mg/m(3)) and 1.11 [ 95% CI 1.08, 1.15] for PM2.5 (IQR: 2.24 mg/m(3)). Living in a neighbourhood with increased levels of deprivation was also associated with gestational hypertension. Any smoking during pregnancy, younger age and higher level of education were inversely associated with risk of gestational hypertension. Compared with non-Hispanic White women, non-Hispanic Black women were at higher risk of gestational hypertension, whereas Hispanic women were at lower risk. Increased levels ofPMand neighbourhood deprivation, as well as certain individual characteristics, were associated with higher risk of gestational hypertension. C1 [Vinikoor-Imler, Lisa C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gray, Simone C.; Edwards, Sharon E.; Miranda, Marie Lynn] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Childrens Environm Hlth Initiat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Miranda, Marie Lynn] Univ Michigan, Dept Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Vinikoor-Imler, LC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, ATTN MD B243-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM vinikoor-imler.lisa@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency [RD-83329301] FX Dr Miranda, Dr Gray and Ms Edwards were supported in part by a grant from the US Environmental Protection Agency (RD-83329301). NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 14 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-5022 EI 1365-3016 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 26 IS 2 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2011.01245.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 895MA UT WOS:000300499100002 PM 22324494 ER PT J AU Pawel, DJ Puskin, JS AF Pawel, David J. Puskin, Jerome S. TI IS THERE REALLY ANY RISK FROM RADON? SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID LUNG-CANCER C1 [Pawel, David J.; Puskin, Jerome S.] US EPA, Radiat Protect Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Pawel, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Radiat Protect Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 3 BP 351 EP 352 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e31823be238 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 894FP UT WOS:000300412800012 PM 22315025 ER PT J AU Pan, YD Hughes, RM Herlihy, AT Kaufmann, PR AF Pan, Yangdong Hughes, Robert M. Herlihy, Alan T. Kaufmann, Philip R. TI Non-wadeable river bioassessment: spatial variation of benthic diatom assemblages in Pacific Northwest rivers, USA SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Benthic diatoms; River littoral zones; Non-wadeable rivers; Pacific Northwest ID PHOSPHORUS TRANSFER-FUNCTIONS; RAFTABLE OREGON RIVERS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LAKE; STREAMS; DEPTH; INDEX AB Current bioassessment efforts are focused on small wadeable streams, at least partly because assessing ecological conditions in non-wadeable large rivers poses many additional challenges. In this study, we sampled 20 sites in each of seven large rivers in the Pacific Northwest, USA, to characterize variation of benthic diatom assemblages among and within rivers relative to environmental conditions. Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) indicated that diatom assemblages were significantly different among all the seven rivers draining different ecoregions. Longitudinal patterns in diatom assemblages showed river-specific features. Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index values did not increase as a function of spatial distance among the sampled reaches within any river but the Malheur. Standardized Mantel r of association between assemblage similarity and spatial distance among sites ranged from a high of 0.69 (Malheur) to a low of 0.18 (Chehalis). In the Malheur River, % monoraphids, nitrogen-tolerant taxa, and beta-mesosaprobous taxa all decreased longitudinally while % motile taxa, especially Nitzschia, showed an opposite trend, reflecting a strong in-stream water quality gradient. Similar longitudinal trends in water quality were observed in other rivers but benthic diatom assemblages showed either weak response patterns or no patterns. Our study indicated that benthic diatom assemblages can clearly reflect among-river factors. The relationships between benthic diatom assemblages and water quality within each river may depend on the strength of the water quality gradients, interactive effects of water quality and habitat conditions, and diatom sampling design. C1 [Pan, Yangdong] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Hughes, Robert M.] Amnis Opes Inst, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Hughes, Robert M.] Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Biol, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. [Herlihy, Alan T.] Oregon State Univ, US EPA, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Pan, YD (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM pany@pdx.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [RM832827]; National Marine Fisheries Service [AB133FO8SE3579]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [81450-7-J528] FX This research was funded by grants to Oregon State University from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RM832827, Brian Hill, Project Officer), National Marine Fisheries Service (AB133FO8SE3579, Chris Jordan, Project Officer), and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (81450-7-J528, Mark Buettner, Project Officer). Field work was conducted by Hank LaVigne, Jason Adams, Tenzin Botsford, Ryan Emig, April Farmer, Bill Freese, Cathy Gewecke, Laurel Genzoli, Elizabeth Hughes, and Scott Wiedemer. Chemical analyses were conducted by the Cooperative Chemical Analytical Laboratory, Forest Science Department, Oregon State University, Fig. 1 was produced by Colleen Johnson, site physical habitat structure values were calculated by Curt Seeliger, and Christian Parker assisted with R programming. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2012 VL 684 IS 1 BP 241 EP 260 DI 10.1007/s10750-011-0990-z PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 893BF UT WOS:000300329600017 ER PT J AU Williams, R Jones, P Croghan, C Thornburg, J Rodes, C AF Williams, Ron Jones, Paul Croghan, Carry Thornburg, Jonathan Rodes, Charles TI The influence of human and environmental exposure factors on personal NO2 exposures SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrogen dioxide; DEARS; personal monitoring; exposure factors ID NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; INDOOR; POLLUTANTS; OUTDOOR; AMBIENT; CARBON; POPULATION; HELSINKI; MONITORS AB The US Environmental Protection Agency's (US EPA) Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS) deployed a total of over 2000 nitrogen dioxide, NO2, passive monitors during 3 years of field data collections. These 24-h based personal, residential outdoor and community-based measurements allowed for the investigation of NO2 spatial, temporal, human and environmental factors. The relationships between personal exposures to NO2 and the factors that influence the relationship with community-based measurements were of interest. Survey data from 136 participants were integrated with exposure findings to allow for mixed model effect analyses. Ultimately, 50 individual factors were selected for examination. NO2 analyses revealed that season, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and residential gas appliances were strong influencing factors. Only modest associations between community-based measures of nitrogen dioxide and personal exposures impacted by various exposure factors for heating (r = 0.44) or non-heating seasons (r = 0.34) were observed, indicating that use of ambient-based monitoring as a surrogate of personal exposure might result in sizeable exposure misclassification. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2012) 22, 109-115; doi:10.1038/jes.2011.20; published online 4 May 2011 C1 [Williams, Ron; Jones, Paul; Croghan, Carry] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Thornburg, Jonathan; Rodes, Charles] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Williams, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD E-204-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM williams.ronald@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [68-D-00-012, EP-D-04-068, 68-D-00-206, EP-05-D-065] FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and conducted the research described here under contract 68-D-00-012 (RTI International), EP-D-04-068 (Battelle Columbus Laboratory), 68-D-00-206 and EP-05-D-065 (Alion Science and Technology). Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Dennis Williams of Alion Science and Technology was responsible for preparation of sampling media. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1038/jes.2011.20 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 894WV UT WOS:000300459100001 PM 21540887 ER PT J AU Rivera-Nunez, Z Meliker, JR Meeker, JD Slotnick, MJ Nriagu, JO AF Rivera-Nunez, Zorimar Meliker, Jaymie R. Meeker, John D. Slotnick, Melissa J. Nriagu, Jerome O. TI Urinary arsenic species, toenail arsenic, and arsenic intake estimates in a Michigan population with low levels of arsenic in drinking water SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic exposure; arsenic metabolites; categorical variables; exposure metric; arsenobetaine; organoarsenicals ID BLADDER-CANCER RISK; US POPULATION; UNITED-STATES; ICP-MS; EXPOSURE; METHYLATION; SPECIATION; INGESTION; HEALTH; ARSENOSUGAR AB The large disparity between arsenic concentrations in drinking water and urine remains unexplained. This study aims to evaluate predictors of urinary arsenic in a population exposed to low concentrations (<= 50 mu g/l) of arsenic in drinking water. Urine and drinking water samples were collected from a subsample (n=343) of a population enrolled in a bladder cancer case control study in southeastern Michigan. Total arsenic in water and arsenic species in urine were determined using ICP-MS: arsenobetaine (AsB), arsenite (As[III]), arsenate (As[V]), methylarsenic acid (MMA[V]), and dimethylarsenic acid (DMAM). The sum of As[III], As[V], MMA[V], and DMA[V] was denoted as SumAs. Dietary information was obtained through a self-reported food intake questionnaire. Log(10)-transformed drinking water arsenic concentration at home was a significant (P < 0.0001) predictor of SumAs (R-2 = 0.18). Associations improved (R-2=0.29, P < 0.0001) when individuals with less than 1 mu g/l of arsenic in drinking water were removed and further improved when analyses were applied to individuals who consumed amounts of home drinking water above the median volume (R-2 = 0.40, P < 0.0001). A separate analysis indicated that AsB and DMA[V] were significantly correlated with fish and shellfish consumption, which may suggest that seafood intake influences DMA[V] excretion. The Spearman correlation between arsenic concentration in toenails and SumAs was 0.36 and between arsenic concentration in toenails and arsenic concentration in water was 0.42. Results show that arsenic exposure from drinking water consumption is an important determinant of urinary arsenic concentrations, even in a population exposed to relatively low levels of arsenic in drinking water, and suggest that seafood intake may influence urinary DMA[V] concentrations. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2012) 22, 182-190; doi:10.1038/jes.2011.27; published online 31 August 2011 C1 [Rivera-Nunez, Zorimar; Meeker, John D.; Slotnick, Melissa J.; Nriagu, Jerome O.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Meliker, Jaymie R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Grad Program Publ Hlth, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Rivera-Nunez, Z (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26W Martin Luther King Dr A-110, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rivera-nunez.zorimar@epa.gov OI Meeker, John/0000-0001-8357-5085 FU National Cancer Institute [RO-1 CA96002-10]; Comprehensive Minority Biomedical Branch of the National Cancer Institute FX We appreciate the involvement of all study participants for taking part in this research. We also thank the collaboration of Aaron M. Linder, Lingling Zhang, Luis O. Rivera-Gonzalez, Stacey Fedewa, Gillian AvRuskin, Angela Hungerink, Roni Kobrosly, Nicholas Mank, and Caitlyn Meservey for valuable assistance with different aspects of this project. This research was funded by the National Cancer Institute, Grant RO-1 CA96002-10. The first author received support from the Comprehensive Minority Biomedical Branch of the National Cancer Institute. The perspectives are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the funding agency. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 BP 182 EP 190 DI 10.1038/jes.2011.27 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 894WV UT WOS:000300459100008 PM 21878987 ER PT J AU Silva, MJ Furr, J Preau, JL Samandar, E Gray, LE Calafat, AM AF Silva, Manori J. Furr, Johnathan Preau, James L., Jr. Samandar, Ella Gray, L. Earl Calafat, Antonia M. TI Identification of potential biomarkers of exposure to di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH), an alternative for phthalate plasticizers SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DINCH; biomonitoring; plasticizer; biomarkers; exposure assessment; oxidative metabolism ID ISO-NONYLPHTHALATE DINP; HUMAN URINE; DI(ISONONYL) CYCLOHEXANE-1,2-DICARBOXYLATE; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ISONONYL PHTHALATE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; METABOLITES; RATS; MORPHOLOGY AB Di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) is used as an alternative for some phthalate plasticizers. In rats, DINCH mostly eliminates in feces as cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (CHDA), mono isononyl ester (MINCH) or in urine as CHDA. However, CHDA is not a specific biomarker of DINCH and measuring MINCH in feces is impractical. To identify additional potential biomarkers, we administered DINCH (500 mg/kg body weight) in a single subcutaneous (SC) or oral dose to four adult female Sprague Dawley rats. We collected 24-h urine samples before dosing (to be used as controls) and 24-h and 48-h after dosing, and serum at necropsy after 48 h. We positively identified and accurately quantified CHDA and cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, mono hydroxyisononyl ester (MHNCH) using authentic standards. Moreover, we tentatively identified MINCH and 12 oxidative metabolites, including 4 cyclohexane ring oxidation products, based on their mass spectrometric-fragmentation patterns. CHDA and MHNCH levels were higher in the urine collected 24 h after oral than SC administration. By contrast, 48-h after dosing, CHDA urinary levels were similar regardless of the exposure route. We detected all but two of the urine metabolites also in serum. Levels of CHDA and MHNCH in serum were lower than in the two post-dose urine collections. Our results suggest that several urinary oxidative metabolites, specifically CHDA, mono oxoisononyl ester and MHNCH may be used as specific biomarkers of DINCH exposure in humans. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2012) 22, 204-211; doi:10.1038/jes.2011.43; published online 18 January 2012 C1 [Silva, Manori J.; Preau, James L., Jr.; Samandar, Ella; Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Furr, Johnathan; Gray, L. Earl] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Silva, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop F53,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM zca2@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 BP 204 EP 211 DI 10.1038/jes.2011.43 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 894WV UT WOS:000300459100011 PM 22252281 ER PT J AU Pressman, JG Lee, WH Bishop, PL Wahman, DG AF Pressman, Jonathan G. Lee, Woo Hyoung Bishop, Paul L. Wahman, David G. TI Effect of free ammonia concentration on monochloramine penetration within a nitrifying biofilm and its effect on activity, viability, and recovery SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Monochloramine; Penetration; Free ammonia; Nitrifying biofilm; Microelectrode; Recovery; Aerobic activity ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; POTENTIAL CHANGE; MASS-TRANSFER; WATER; NITRIFICATION; DISINFECTION; MICROELECTRODES; KINETICS; RESISTANCE AB Chloramine has replaced free chorine for secondary disinfection at many water utilities because of disinfection by-product (DBP) regulations. Because chloramination provides a source of ammonia, there is a potential for nitrification when using chloramines. Nitrification in drinking water distribution systems is undesirable and may result in degradation of water quality and subsequent non-compliance with existing regulations. Thus, nitrification control is a major issue and likely to become increasingly important as chloramine use increases. In this study, monochloramine penetration and its effect on nitrifying biofilm activity, viability, and recovery was investigated and evaluated using microelectrodes and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Monochloramine was applied to nitrifying biofilm for 24 h at two different chlorine to nitrogen (Cl-2:N) mass ratios (4:1 [4.4 mg Cl-2/L] or 1:1 Cl-2:N [5.3 mg Cl-2/L]), resulting in either a low (0.23 mg N/L) or high (4.2 mg N/L) free ammonia concentration. Subsequently, these biofilm samples were allowed to recover without monochloramine and receiving 4.2 mg N/L free ammonia. Under both monochloramine application conditions, monochloramine fully penetrated into the nitrifying biofilm within 24 h. Despite this complete monochloramine penetration, complete viability loss did not occur, and both biofilm samples subsequently recovered aerobic activity when fed only free ammonia. When monochloramine was applied with a low free ammonia concentration, dissolved oxygen (DO) fully penetrated, but with a high free ammonia concentration, complete cessation of aerobic activity (i.e., oxygen utilization) did not occur and subsequent analysis indicated that oxygen consumption still remained near the substratum. During the ammonia only recovery phase, different spatial recoveries were seen in each of the samples, based on oxygen utilization. It appears that the presence of higher free ammonia concentration allowed a larger biomass to remain active during monochloramine application, particularly the organisms deeper within the biofilm, leading to faster recovery in oxygen utilization when monochloramine was removed. These results suggest that limiting the free ammonia concentration during monochloramine application will slow the onset of nitrification episodes by maintaining the biofilm biomass at a state of lower activity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pressman, Jonathan G.; Wahman, David G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lee, Woo Hyoung; Bishop, Paul L.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Wahman, DG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Wahman.david@epa.gov OI Wahman, David/0000-0002-0167-8468 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) [EP-C-05-056/WA, 2-47]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The authors thank Peter Berg for providing the numerical model software PROFILE version 1.0 and the manual for PROFILE. This research was supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (Contract No. EP-C-05-056/WA No.2-47). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 3 BP 882 EP 894 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.071 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 884MW UT WOS:000299713200032 PM 22192761 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Smith, CB Madden, MC AF Ghio, Andrew J. Smith, Candice B. Madden, Michael C. TI Diesel exhaust particles and airway inflammation SO CURRENT OPINION IN PULMONARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE air pollution; asthma; oxidants; particulate matter; vehicle emissions ID HEALTHY-HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PARTICULATE MATTER; LUNG-FUNCTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NONASTHMATIC SUBJECTS; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; ACUTE EXPOSURE AB Purpose of review Epidemiologic investigation has associated traffic-related air pollution with adverse human health outcomes. The capacity of diesel exhaust particles DEPs), a major emission source air pollution particle, to initiate an airway inflammation has subsequently been investigated. We review the recent controlled human exposures to diesel exhaust and DEPs, and summarize the investigations into the associations between this emission source air pollution particle and airway inflammation. Recent findings Using bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial biopsies, and sputum collection, studies have demonstrated inflammation in the airways of healthy individuals after exposure to diesel exhaust and DEPs. This inflammation has included neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, and lymphocytes. Elevated expression and concentrations of inflammatory mediators have similarly been observed in the respiratory tract after diesel exhaust and DEP exposure. An increased sensitivity of asthmatic individuals to the proinflammatory effects of DEPs has not been confirmed. Summary Inflammation after diesel exhaust and DEP exposure is evident at higher concentrations only; there appears to be a threshold dose for DEPs approximating 300mg/m(3). The lack of a biological response to DEPs at lower concentrations may reflect a contribution of gaseous constituents or interactions between DEPs and gaseous air pollutants to the human inflammatory response and function loss. C1 [Ghio, Andrew J.; Smith, Candice B.; Madden, Michael C.] US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 72 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 32 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1070-5287 J9 CURR OPIN PULM MED JI Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 18 IS 2 BP 144 EP 150 DI 10.1097/MCP.0b013e32834f0e2a PG 7 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 890ZZ UT WOS:000300187200009 PM 22234273 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Soukup, JM Case, M Dailey, LA Richards, J Berntsen, J Devlin, RB Stone, S Rappold, A AF Ghio, Andrew J. Soukup, Joleen M. Case, Martin Dailey, Lisa A. Richards, Judy Berntsen, Jon Devlin, Robert B. Stone, Susan Rappold, Ana TI Exposure to wood smoke particles produces inflammation in healthy volunteers SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; PARTICULATE MATTER; DIESEL EXHAUST; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FOREST-FIRES; IN-VITRO; COMBUSTION; EMISSIONS; RESPONSES AB Objectives Human exposure to wood smoke particles (WSP) impacts on human health through changes in indoor air quality, exposures from wild fires, burning of biomass and air pollution. This investigation tested the postulate that healthy volunteers exposed to WSP would demonstrate evidence of both pulmonary and systemic inflammation. Methods Ten volunteers were exposed to filtered air and, 3 weeks or more later, WSP. Each exposure included alternating 15 min of exercise and 15 min of rest for a total duration of 2 h. Wood smoke was generated by heating an oak log on an electric element and then delivered to the exposure chamber. Endpoints measured in the volunteers included symptoms, pulmonary function tests, measures of heart rate variability and repolarisation, blood indices and analysis of cells and fluid obtained during bronchoalveolar lavage. Results Mean particle mass for the 10 exposures to air and WSP was measured using the mass of particles collected on filters and found to be below the detectable limit and 485 +/- 84 mu g/m(3), respectively (mean +/- SD). There was no change in either symptom prevalence or pulmonary function with exposure to WSP. At 20 h after wood smoke exposure, blood tests demonstrated an increased percentage of neutrophils, and bronchial and bronchoalveolar lavage revealed a neutrophilic influx. Conclusions We conclude that exposure of healthy volunteers to WSP may be associated with evidence of both systemic and pulmonary inflammation. C1 [Ghio, Andrew J.; Soukup, Joleen M.; Case, Martin; Dailey, Lisa A.; Richards, Judy; Devlin, Robert B.; Stone, Susan; Rappold, Ana] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Berntsen, Jon] TRC Environm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, HSF, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27711 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 21 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 EI 1470-7926 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 69 IS 3 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1136/oem.2011.065276 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 890VD UT WOS:000300172800004 PM 21719562 ER PT J AU Sahle-Demessie, E Devulapelli, VG Hassan, AA AF Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew Devulapelli, Venu Gopal Hassan, Ashraf Aly TI Hydrogenation of Anthracene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Solvent Using Ni Supported on H beta-Zeolite Catalyst SO CATALYSTS LA English DT Article DE supercritical carbon dioxide; nickel/zeolite catalyst; anthracene; hydrogenation AB Catalytic hydrogenation of anthracene was studied over Ni supported on H beta-zeolite catalyst under supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) solvent. Hydrogenation of anthracene in sc-CO2 yielded 100% conversion at 100 C, which is attributed to the reduced mass transfer limitations, and increased solubility of H-2 and substrate in the reaction medium. The total pressure of 7 MPa was found to be optimum for high selectivity of octahydroanthracene (OHA). The conversion and selectivity for OHA increased with an increase in H-2 partial pressure, which is attributed to higher concentration of hydrogen atoms at higher H-2 pressures. The selectivity reduced the pressure below 7 MPa because of enhanced desorption of the tetrahydro-molecules and intermediates from Ni active sites, due to higher solubility of the surface species in sc-CO2. The selectivity of OHA increased with the increase in catalyst weight and reaction time. The rate of hydrogenation of anthracene was compared with that found for napthalene and phenanthrene. The use of acetonitrile as co-solvent or expanded liquid with CO2 decreased the catalytic activity. C1 [Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew; Devulapelli, Venu Gopal; Hassan, Ashraf Aly] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 West,Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sahle-demessie.endalkachew@epa.gov; venudevula@yahoo.com; hassan.ashraf@epa.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4344 J9 CATALYSTS JI Catalysts PD MAR PY 2012 VL 2 IS 1 BP 85 EP 100 DI 10.3390/catal2010085 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA V33GS UT WOS:000209007900006 ER PT J AU Pleil, JD Hansel, A AF Pleil, Joachim D. Hansel, Armin TI Submarines, spacecraft and exhaled breath SO JOURNAL OF BREATH RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pleil, Joachim D.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Hansel, Armin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ionenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Hansel, Armin] Univ Innsbruck, Angew Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Pleil, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM pleil@unc.edu; armin.hansel@ionimed.com RI Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; OI Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 24 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1752-7155 EI 1752-7163 J9 J BREATH RES JI J. Breath Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1 AR 019001 DI 10.1088/1752-7155/6/1/019001 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Respiratory System GA V44MB UT WOS:000209752000001 PM 22366644 ER PT J AU Casper, AF Dixon, B Steimle, ET Hall, ML Conmy, RN AF Casper, Andrew F. Dixon, Barnali Steimle, Eric T. Hall, Mike L. Conmy, Robyn N. TI Scales of heterogeneity of water quality in rivers: Insights from high resolution maps based on integrated geospatial, sensor and ROV technologies SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE GIS; Water quality; Sampling; Groundwater; Riverine; ROV; Spatial heterogeneity ID ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES; SUBMERGED SINKHOLE; TRANSITION ZONE; OHIO RIVER; LAKE-HURON; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEM; STREAMS; GROUNDWATER AB While the spatial heterogeneity of many aquatic ecosystems is acknowledged, rivers are often mistakenly described as homogenous and well-mixed. The collection and visualization of attributes like water quality is key to our perception and management of these ecosystems. The assumption of homogeneity can lead to the conclusion that data collection from discrete, discontinuous points in space or time provide a comprehensive estimate of condition. To counter this perception, we combined high-density data collection with spatial interpolation techniques to created two-dimensional maps of water quality. Maps of four riverine transitions and habitats - wetland to urban, river to reservoir, river to estuary and a groundwater intrusion - were constructed from the continuous data. The examples provided show that the most basic water quality parameters - temperature, conductivity, salinity, turbidity, and chlorophyll florescence - are heterogeneous at spatial scales smaller than those captured by common point sampling statistical strategies. The 2-dimensional, interpolation-based maps of the Hillsborough River (Tampa, FL) show significant influences of a variety of geographic features including tributary confluences, submarine groundwater inflow, and riparian interfaces. We conclude that many sampling strategies do not account for the type of patchy heterogeneity observed. The integration of existing in-situ sensors, inexpensive autonomous sampling platforms, and geospatial mapping techniques provides high resolution visualization that can adds a more comprehensive geographic perspective needed for environmental monitoring and assessment programs. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Casper, Andrew F.; Conmy, Robyn N.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Dixon, Barnali] Univ S Florida, Geospatial Analyt Lab, Environm Sci Geog & Policy Program, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Steimle, Eric T.; Hall, Mike L.] Aeos Appl Environm & Ocean Sci, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Casper, AF (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM andrew.f.casper@uasce.army.mil NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 455 EP 464 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.01.023 PG 10 WC Geography SC Geography GA 866ED UT WOS:000298362400024 ER PT J AU Tong, STY Sun, Y Ranatunga, T He, J Yang, YJ AF Tong, Susanna T. Y. Sun, Yu Ranatunga, Thushara He, Jie Yang, Y. Jeffrey TI Predicting plausible impacts of sets of climate and land use change scenarios on water resources SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Land use change; Hydrologic regime; Water quality; CA-Markov; HSPF ID BALANCE MODEL; RIVER; ADAPTATION; PATTERNS; QUALITY; BASIN; GIS AB Our world is changing at an unprecedented rate in terms of climate and land use, but these changes can affect our water resources. Hence, we need a methodology that can predict both their individual and agglomerative ramifications. Using the Little Miami River (LMR) watershed as a case study, this paper describes a spatial analytical approach integrating mathematical modeling and geographical information sciences to quantitatively examine the relative importance of the separate and combined hydrologic and water quality impacts of climate and land use changes. The Hydrologic Simulation Program - Fortran (HSPF) model was chosen in this study to simulate stream flow and nutrient transport process. Five hypothetical climate change scenarios were used to cover the possible ranges of variability in the year 2050. An enhanced population-coupled Markov-Cellular Automata (CA-Markov) land use model was developed to predict the 2050 land use pattern. When these scenarios were incorporated into the HSPF model, the future conditions in the LMR basin were postulated. The findings demonstrated that: 1) the LMR watershed would experience an increase in flow and nutrients under the 2050 land use projection, 2) stream flow and water quality impacts would be amplified when both climate and land use changes were simultaneously considered, 3) land use change (and in the case of the LMR watershed, urbanization) could help to alleviate water shortage during the dry years, 4) total phosphorus and nitrogen would increase under all future climate and land use scenarios; the highest increase was found under the combined wettest and future land use scenarios, and 5) the described approach is effective in simulating the hydrologic and water quality effects of climate and land use changes in a basin scale. These results are relevant to planners; they can be useful in formulating realistic watershed management policies and mitigation measures. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tong, Susanna T. Y.; Sun, Yu; Ranatunga, Thushara; He, Jie] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Yang, Y. Jeffrey] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Tong, STY (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM susanna.tong@uc.edu NR 50 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 80 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 EI 1873-7730 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 477 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.06.014 PG 13 WC Geography SC Geography GA 866ED UT WOS:000298362400026 ER PT J AU Campbell, DE Garmestani, AS AF Campbell, Daniel E. Garmestani, Ahjond S. TI An energy systems view of sustainability: Emergy evaluation of the San Luis Basin, Colorado SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Sustainability; Cycle of change; Energy Systems Theory; Emergy evaluation; San Luis Basin; Emergy indices ID CARRYING-CAPACITY; ECOSYSTEMS; INDEXES; RATIOS; UNCERTAINTY; INDICATORS; PATTERNS; VALUES; CHINA AB Energy Systems Theory (EST) provides a framework for understanding and interpreting sustainability. EST implies that "what is sustainable" for a system at any given level of organization is determined by the cycles of change originating in the next larger system and within the system of concern. The pulsing paradigm explains the ubiquitous cycles of change that apparently govern ecosystems, rather than succession to a steady state that is then sustainable. Therefore, to make robust decisions among environmental policies and alternatives, decision-makers need to know where their system resides in the cycles of change that govern it. This theory was examined by performing an emergy evaluation of the sustainability of a regional system, the San Luis Basin (SLB), CO. By 1980, the SLB contained a climax stage agricultural system with well-developed crop and livestock production along with food and animal waste processing. The SLB is also a hinterland in that it exports raw materials and primary products (exploitation stage) to more developed areas. Emergy indices calculated for the SLB from 1995 to 2005 revealed changes in the relative sustainability of the system over this time. The sustainability of the region as indicated by the renewable emergy used as a percent of total use declined 4%, whereas, the renewable carrying capacity declined 6% over this time. The Emergy Sustainability Index (ESI) showed the largest decline (27%) in the sustainability of the region. The total emergy used by the SLB, a measure of system well-being, was fairly stable (CV = 0.05). In 1997, using renewable emergy alone, the SLB could support 50.7% of its population at the current standard of living, while under similar conditions the U.S. could support only 4.8% of its population. In contrast to other indices of sustainability, a new index, the Emergy Sustainable Use Index (ESUI), which considers the benefits gained by the larger system compared to the potential for local environmental damage, increased 34% over the period. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Campbell, Daniel E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02879 USA. [Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Campbell, DE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02879 USA. EM campbell.dan@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) FX Although the research described in this article has been funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), it has not been subjected to Agency level review: and therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This article is Contribution Number AED-10-039 of the Atlantic Ecology Division (AED), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development of the USEPA. Doug McGovern created Fig. 1 and estimated parts of the water budget using GIS methods. Matt Hopton, Matt Heberling, and Tarsha Eason of the National Risk Assessment Research Laboratory, Denis White of NHEERL's Western Ecology Division, and Walt Galloway of AED provided helpful internal reviews of the manuscript. NR 87 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 40 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 95 IS 1 BP 72 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.07.028 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 867KB UT WOS:000298452200009 PM 22115513 ER PT J AU Wu, ZY Wang, XM Turnipseed, AA Chen, F Zhang, LM Guenther, AB Karl, T Huey, LG Niyogi, D Xia, BC Alapaty, K AF Wu, Zhiyong Wang, Xuemei Turnipseed, Andrew A. Chen, Fei Zhang, Leiming Guenther, Alex B. Karl, Thomas Huey, L. G. Niyogi, Dev Xia, Beicheng Alapaty, Kiran TI Evaluation and improvements of two community models in simulating dry deposition velocities for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) over a coniferous forest SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CANOPY STOMATAL-RESISTANCE; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; EXCHANGE CAFE MODEL; MULTILAYER MODEL; EDDY COVARIANCE; PINE FOREST; NO2 FLUXES; ATMOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; PARAMETERIZATION AB Dry deposition velocities (V-d) for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) calculated using two community dry deposition models with different treatments of both stomatal and nonstomatal uptakes were evaluated using measurements of PAN eddy covariance fluxes over a Loblolly pine forest in July 2003. The observed daytime maximum of V-d(PAN) was similar to 1.0 cm s(-1) on average, while the estimates by the WRF-Chem dry deposition module (WDDM) and the Noah land surface model coupled with a photosynthesis-based Gas Exchange Model (Noah-GEM) were only 0.2 cm s(-1) and 0.6 cm s(-1), respectively. The observations also showed considerable PAN deposition at night with typical V-d values of 0.2-0.6 cm s(-1), while the estimated values from both models were less than 0.1 cm s(-1). Noah-GEM modeled more realistic stomatal resistance (R-s) than WDDM, as compared with observations of water vapor exchange fluxes. The poor performance of WDDM for stomatal uptake is mainly due to its lack of dependence on leaf area index. Thermal decomposition was found to be relatively unimportant for measured PAN fluxes as shown by the lack of a relationship between measured total surface conductance and temperature. Thus, a large part of the underprediction in V-d from both models should be caused by the underestimation of nonstomatal uptake, in particular, the cuticle uptake. Sensitivity tests on both stomatal and nonstomatal resistances terms were conducted and some recommendations were provided. C1 [Wu, Zhiyong; Wang, Xuemei; Xia, Beicheng] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Turnipseed, Andrew A.; Chen, Fei; Guenther, Alex B.; Karl, Thomas] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Zhang, Leiming] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Huey, L. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Niyogi, Dev] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Alapaty, Kiran] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wang, XM (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM eeswxm@mail.sysu.edu.cn RI Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Wu, Zhiyong/H-5421-2011; Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009; Wang, Xuemei/B-4521-2012; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008 OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Wu, Zhiyong/0000-0002-8376-2232; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [40875076, U0833001]; National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973) [2010CB428504]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR); NCAR BEACHON; NCAR Water System Program; U.S. NSF DRInet; National Science Foundation (NSF) FX This work was supported in part by the following grants: the Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 40875076 and U0833001), the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973) (grant 2010CB428504), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Advanced Study Program (ASP), the NCAR BEACHON (Bio-hydro-atmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H2O, and Organics and Nitrogen) Program, the NCAR Water System Program, and the U.S. NSF DRInet (OCI and Hydrology). NCAR is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation (NSF). The authors thank the Duke FACE site and its staff for allowing us to work at their research site as well as the invaluable assistance they provided during this experiment. We would also like to thank Gabriel Katul and Paul Stoy for their permission to use data from the Duke Forest AmeriFlux data archives. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 29 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D04310 DI 10.1029/2011JD016751 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903PH UT WOS:000301129800003 ER PT J AU Huling, SG Kan, E Caldwell, C Park, S AF Huling, Scott G. Kan, Eunsung Caldwell, Caleb Park, Saehan TI Fenton-driven chemical regeneration of MTBE-spent granular activated carbon - A pilot study SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen peroxide; MTBE; Activated carbon; Chemical oxidation ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; UV/H2O2 PROCESS; DEGRADATION; OXIDATION; DESTRUCTION; ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY; REAGENT AB Three columns containing granular activated carbon (CAC) were placed on-line at a ground water pump and treat facility, saturated with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and regenerated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under different chemical, physical, and operational conditions for 3 adsorption/oxidation cycles. Supplemental iron was immobilized in the CAC (approximate to 6g/kg) through the amendment of a ferrous iron solution. GAC regeneration occurred under ambient thermal conditions (21-27 degrees C), or enhanced thermal conditions (50 degrees C). Semi-continuous H2O2 loading resulted in saw tooth-like H2O2 concentrations, whereas continuous H2O2 loading resulted in sustained H2O2 levels and was more time efficient. Significant removal of MTBE was measured in all three columns using $(USD) 0.6 H2O2/lb GAC. Elevated temperature played a significant role in oxidative treatment, given the lower MTBE removal at ambient temperature (62-80%) relative to MTBE removal measured under thermally enhanced (78-95%), and thermally enhanced, acid pre-treated (92-97%) conditions. Greater MTBE removal was attributed to increased intraparticle MTBE desorption and diffusion and higher aqueous MTBE concentrations. No loss in the MTBE sorption capacity of the CAC was measured, and the reaction byproducts, tert-butyl alcohol and acetone were also degraded. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Huling, Scott G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Kan, Eunsung] CNR, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Caldwell, Caleb; Park, Saehan] E Cent Univ, Coll Hlth & Sci, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Huling, SG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM huling.scott@epa.gov; eunsungkan@gmail.com; ccaldwe3@ouhsc.edu; saebal00@hotmail.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here. It has not been subjected to Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD FEB 29 PY 2012 VL 205 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.12.003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 904OV UT WOS:000301208700008 PM 22260751 ER PT J AU Pan, FF Stieglitz, M McKane, RB AF Pan, Feifei Stieglitz, Marc McKane, Robert B. TI An algorithm for treating flat areas and depressions in digital elevation models using linear interpolation SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ARTIFACT DEPRESSIONS; HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS; FLOW DIRECTION; SPURIOUS PITS; DEM; TOPMODEL; REMOVAL; SURFACES; SLOPE; INDEX AB Digital elevation model (DEM) data are essential to hydrological applications and have been widely used to calculate a variety of useful topographic characteristics, e. g., slope, flow direction, flow accumulation area, stream channel network, topographic index, and others. Except for slope, none of the other topographic characteristics can be calculated until the flow direction at each pixel within a DEM is determined. However, flow direction cannot be accurately calculated until depressions and flat areas within a DEM have been rectified. This is a routine problem in hydrologic modeling, because virtually all DEMs contain flat and sink pixels, both real and artifactual, that if left untreated will prevent accurate simulation of hydrologic flow paths. Although a number of algorithms are available for rectifying flat and sink pixels in DEM data, treatment of flat areas and depressions and calculation of flow direction remain problematic for reasons of complexity and uncertainty. A new algorithm that effectively rectifies flat and sink pixels was developed and tested. The approach is to use linear interpolation between low elevation grid cells on the edge of each flat area or depression defined as outlets and higher elevation grid cells on the opposite side defined as inflow pixels. The implementation requires an iterative solution to accommodate the irregular geometry of flat areas or depressions and exceptions that arise. Linear interpolation across flat areas or depressions provides a natural way to scale elevation adjustments based on the vertical scale of the surrounding topography, thereby avoiding the addition or subtraction of arbitrary small numbers that we regard as a disadvantage in some prior techniques. Tests for two virtual terrains and one real terrain show that our algorithm effectively rectifies flat areas and depressions, even in low-relief terrain, and produces realistic patterns of flow accumulation and extracted channel networks. C1 [Pan, Feifei] Univ N Texas, Dept Geog, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Stieglitz, Marc] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Stieglitz, Marc] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McKane, Robert B.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Pan, FF (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Geog, 1704 W Mulberry, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM Feifei.pan@unt.edu RI Pan, Feifei/D-3370-2015 OI Pan, Feifei/0000-0003-4373-7566 FU University of North Texas (UNT); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors would like to thank Dean Djokic, John Gallant, and Jurgen Garbrecht for their constructive comments and Jurgen Garbrecht for providing us the TOPAZ tool. This research was partially funded by the University of North Texas (UNT) Research Initiative Grant (RIG) (F. Pan) and the UNT Junior Faculty Summer Research Fellowship (JFSRF) (F. Pan). The information in this document has also been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 28 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W00L10 DI 10.1029/2011WR010735 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 903QJ UT WOS:000301133200003 ER PT J AU Leibowitz, SG Wigington, PJ Comeleo, RL Ebersole, JL AF Leibowitz, Scott G. Wigington, Parker J., Jr. Comeleo, Randy L. Ebersole, Joseph L. TI A temperature-precipitation-based model of thirty-year mean snowpack accumulation and melt in Oregon, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE snowpack; snowmelt; SWE; temperature index model; regional hydrology; hydrologic landscapes ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SNOWMELT MODEL; RUNOFF MODEL; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TRENDS; CLASSIFICATION; STREAMFLOW; VARIABILITY; WASHINGTON; HYDROLOGY AB High-resolution, spatially extensive climate grids can be useful in regional hydrologic applications. However, in regions where precipitation is dominated by snow, snowmelt models are often used to account for timing and magnitude of water delivery. We developed an empirical, nonlinear model to estimate 30-year means of monthly snowpack and snowmelt throughout Oregon. Precipitation and temperature for the period 19712000, derived from 400-m resolution PRISM data, and potential evapotranspiration (estimated from temperature and day length) drive the model. The model was calibrated using mean monthly data from 45 SNOTEL sites and accurately estimated snowpack at 25 validation sites: R2 = 0.76, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) = 0.80. Calibrating it with data from all 70 SNOTEL sites gave somewhat better results (R2 = 0.84, NSE = 0.85). We separately applied the model to SNOTEL stations located < 200 and = 200 km from the Oregon coast, since they have different climatic conditions. The model performed equally well for both areas. We used the model to modify moisture surplus (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) to account for snowpack accumulation and snowmelt. The resulting values accurately reflect the shape and magnitude of runoff at a snow-dominated basin, with low winter values and a June peak. Our findings suggest that the model is robust with respect to different climatic conditions, and that it can be used to estimate potential runoff in snow-dominated basins. The model may allow high-resolution, regional hydrologic comparisons to be made across basins that are differentially affected by snowpack, and may prove useful for investigating regional hydrologic response to climate change. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Leibowitz, Scott G.; Wigington, Parker J., Jr.; Comeleo, Randy L.; Ebersole, Joseph L.] US EPA, NHEERL, WED, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Leibowitz, SG (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, WED, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM leibowitz.scott@epa.gov FU US EPA FX We gratefully acknowledge John Van Sickle and E. Henry Lee, both of EPA's Western Ecology Division, for their input on the modelling and statistical analysis. We also thank David DeWalle, Gregory McCabe, Sarah Lewis, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts. The information in this document has been funded entirely by the US EPA, and has been subjected to EPA's peer and administrative review and approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 5 BP 741 EP 759 DI 10.1002/hyp.8176 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 897YI UT WOS:000300698100011 ER PT J AU Salam, DA Naik, N Suidan, MT Venosa, AD AF Salam, Darine A. Naik, Nita Suidan, Makram T. Venosa, Albert D. TI Assessment of Aquatic Toxicity and Oxygen Depletion during Aerobic Biodegradation of Vegetable Oil: Effect of Oil Loading and Mixing Regime SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; DIETARY LIPIDS; RAINBOW-TROUT; DEGRADATION; INHIBITION; KINETICS; GROWTH; SLUDGE AB The potential ecological impacts of aerobic biodegradation of vegetable oils on contaminated water columns was investigated in the laboratory at different oil loadings (100, 333, and 1,000 gal acre(-1)) and mixing regimes (fully, moderately, and nonmixed microcosms). The impacts were estimated by use of the Microtox assay and dissolved oxygen concentration measurements. The results of the Microtox assay showed no major toxicity at the 100 gal acre(-1) loading. Furthermore, oxygen was not completely depleted from the water column at this oil coverage. At higher oil loadings, oxygen was fully depleted from the mixed and nonmixed water columns. A transient toxicity in the aqueous phase was observed in the case of the moderately mixed microcosms at 333 gal acre(-1) and was maintained at moderate levels (EC50 similar to 30%) in the nonmixed microcosms. A substantial increase in toxicity (EC50 similar to 10%) was observed in both mixing conditions when the initial oil loading was increased to 1,000 gal acre(-1). At all oil loadings, significant toxicity (EC50 < 2%) was found in the solid phase due to the strong partition of lipids to the biomass. Long and medium chains fatty acids associated with the measured toxicity were detected in both liquid and solid phases. C1 [Salam, Darine A.; Naik, Nita; Suidan, Makram T.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Engn Res Ctr 701, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Venosa, Albert D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Engn Res Ctr 701, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Makram.Suidan@uc.edu FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory of the US Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was funded by the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 21 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 2352 EP 2359 DI 10.1021/es2037993 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 894ZL UT WOS:000300465900051 PM 22264141 ER PT J AU Valenti, TW Gould, GG Berninger, JP Connors, KA Keele, NB Prosser, KN Brooks, BW AF Valenti, Theodore W., Jr. Gould, Georgianna G. Berninger, Jason P. Connors, Kristin A. Keele, N. Bradley Prosser, Krista N. Brooks, Bryan W. TI Human Therapeutic Plasma Levels of the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Sertraline Decrease Serotonin Reuptake Transporter Binding and Shelter-Seeking Behavior in Adult Male Fathead Minnows SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; FISH; FLUOXETINE; PHARMACEUTICALS; TOXICITY; ANTIDEPRESSANTS AB Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) represent a class of pharmaceuticals previously reported in aquatic ecosystems. SSRIs are designed to treat depression and other disorders in humans, but are recognized to elicit a variety of effects on aquatic organisms, ranging from neuroendocrine disruption to behavioral perturbations. However, an understanding of the relationships among mechanistic responses associated with SSRI targets and ecologically important behavioral responses of fish remains elusive. Herein, linking Adverse Outcomes Pathways (AOP) models with internal dosimetry represent potential approaches for developing an understanding of pharmaceutical risks to aquatic life. We selected sertraline as a model SSRI for a 28-d study with adult male fathead minnows. Binding activity of the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT), previously demonstrated in mammals and fish models to respond to sertraline exposure, was selected as an endpoint associated with therapeutic activity. Shelter-seeking behavior was monitored using digital tracking software to diagnose behavioral abnormalities. Fish plasma levels of sertraline exceeding human therapeutic doses were accurately modeled from external exposure concentrations when pH influences on ionization and log D were considered. We observed statistically significant decreases in binding at the therapeutic target (SERT) and shelter-seeking behavior when fish plasma levels exceeded human therapeutic thresholds. Such observations highlights the strengths of coupling physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and AOP approaches and suggest that internal dosimetry should be monitored to advance an understanding of the ecological consequences of SSRI exposure to aquatic vertebrates. C1 [Valenti, Theodore W., Jr.; Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Inst Ecol Earth & Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Valenti, Theodore W., Jr.; Berninger, Jason P.; Connors, Kristin A.; Prosser, Krista N.; Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Gould, Georgianna G.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Physiol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Berninger, Jason P.; Connors, Kristin A.; Keele, N. Bradley; Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Inst Biomed Studies, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Keele, N. Bradley] Baylor Univ, Dept Psychol & Neurosci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP Valenti, TW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM valenti.ted@epa.gov RI Brooks, Bryan/B-2612-2010; Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; Berninger, Jason/O-2401-2016; OI Brooks, Bryan/0000-0002-6277-9852; Berninger, Jason/0000-0003-3045-7899; Connors, Kristin/0000-0002-4887-8408; Gould, Georgianna/0000-0002-5470-8763 FU NIMH NIH HHS [R03 MH086708, R03 MH086708-01A2] NR 70 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 105 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 21 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 2427 EP 2435 DI 10.1021/es204164b PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 894ZL UT WOS:000300465900061 PM 22296170 ER PT J AU Baral, A Bakshi, BR Smith, RL AF Baral, Anil Bakshi, Bhavik R. Smith, Raymond L. TI Assessing Resource Intensity and Renewability of Cellulosic Ethanol Technologies Using Eco-LCA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; EXERGY; AGGREGATION; EMISSIONS; PRODUCTS; BIOFUELS; ENERGY; FUELS AB Recognizing the contributions of ecosystem services and the lack of their comprehensive accounting in life cycle assessment (LCA), an in-depth analysis of their contribution in the life cycle of cellulosic ethanol derived from five different feedstocks was conducted, with gasoline and corn ethanol as reference fuels. The relative use intensity of natural resources encompassing land and ecosystem goods and services by cellulosic ethanol was estimated using the Eco-LCA framework. Despite being resource intensive compared to gasoline, cellulosic ethanol offers the possibility of a reduction in crude oil consumption by as much as 96%. Soil erosion and land area requirements can be sources of concern for cellulosic ethanol derived directly from managed agriculture. The analysis of two broad types of thermodynamic metrics, namely: various types of physical return on investment and a renewability index, which indicate competitiveness and sustainability of cellulosic ethanol, respectively, show that only ethanol from waste resources combines a favorable thermodynamic return on investment with a higher renewability index. However, the production potential of ethanol from waste resources is limited. This finding conveys a possible dilemma of biofuels: combining high renewability, high thermodynamic return on investment, and large production capacity may remain elusive. A plot of renewability versus energy return on investment is suggested as one of the options for providing guidance on future biofuel selection. C1 [Baral, Anil; Bakshi, Bhavik R.] Ohio State Univ, William G Lowrie Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Baral, Anil] Int Council Clean Transportat, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Smith, Raymond L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Bakshi, BR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, William G Lowrie Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM bakshi.2@osu.edu RI Bakshi, Bhavik/G-3878-2012; OI Bakshi, Bhavik/0000-0002-6604-8408 FU National Science Foundation [ECS-0524924]; Environmental Protection Agency [PR-OH-07-00183] FX We gratefully acknowledge a generous grant provided by the National Science Foundation (ECS-0524924) and a contract (PR-OH-07-00183) from the Environmental Protection Agency. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or the International Council on Clean Transportation. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 21 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 2436 EP 2444 DI 10.1021/es2025615 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 894ZL UT WOS:000300465900062 PM 22283423 ER PT J AU Upadhyayula, VKK AF Upadhyayula, Venkata K. K. TI Functionalized gold nanoparticle supported sensory mechanisms applied in detection of chemical and biological threat agents: A review SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review DE Functionalized gold nanoparticles; Chemical and biological threat agents; Colorimetric sensors; Fluorimetric sensors; Electrochemical sensors; Spectroscopic sensor ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMMUNOSENSOR ARRAY; ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ANTHRAX LETHAL FACTOR; AFLATOXIN B-1; NERVE AGENTS; COLORIMETRIC DETECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENERGY-TRANSFER; ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES AB There is a great necessity for development of novel sensory concepts supportive of smart sensing capabilities in defense and homeland security applications for detection of chemical and biological threat agents. A smart sensor is a detection device that can exhibit important features such as speed, sensitivity, selectivity, portability, and more importantly, simplicity in identifying a target analyte. Emerging nanomaterial based sensors, particularly those developed by utilizing functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as a sensing component potentially offer many desirable features needed for threat agent detection. The sensitiveness of physical properties expressed by GNPs, e.g. color, surface plasmon resonance, electrical conductivity and binding affinity are significantly enhanced when they are subjected to functionalization with an appropriate metal, organic or biomolecular functional groups. This sensitive nature of functionalized GNPs can be potentially exploited in the design of threat agent detection devices with smart sensing capabilities. In the presence of a target analyte (i.e., a chemical or biological threat agent) a change proportional to concentration of the analyte is observed, which can be measured either by colorimetric, fluorimetric, electrochemical or spectroscopic means. This article provides a review of how functionally modified gold colloids are applied in the detection of a broad range of threat agents, including radioactive substances, explosive compounds, chemical warfare agents, biotoxins, and biothreat pathogens through any of the four sensory means mentioned previously. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Upadhyayula, Venkata K. K.] ORISE, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Upadhyayula, VKK (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Upadhyayula.Venkata@epa.gov RI Upadhyayula, Venkata Krishna/E-7549-2012 NR 127 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 19 U2 300 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD FEB 17 PY 2012 VL 715 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.008 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 890GX UT WOS:000300134200001 PM 22244163 ER PT J AU Wang, QS Zhou, H Gao, HM Chen, SH Chu, CH Wilson, B Hong, JS AF Wang, Qingshan Zhou, Hui Gao, Huiming Chen, Shih-Heng Chu, Chun-Hsien Wilson, Belinda Hong, Jau-Shyong TI Naloxone inhibits immune cell function by suppressing superoxide production through a direct interaction with gp91(phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase SO JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION LA English DT Article DE Neuroinflammation; Microglia; NADPH oxidase; Opioid receptor; Binding ID DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; INFLAMMATORY DAMAGE; OPIOID ANALGESIA; MICROGLIA; MORPHINE; BINDING; DEXTROMETHORPHAN; DEGENERATION; INVOLVEMENT; ACTIVATION AB Background: Both (-) and (+)-naloxone attenuate inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration by inhibition of microglial activation through superoxide reduction in an opioid receptor-independent manner. Multiple lines of evidence have documented a pivotal role of overactivated NADPH oxidase (NOX2) in inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration. We hypothesized that NOX2 might be a novel action site of naloxone to mediate its anti-inflammatory actions. Methods: Inhibition of NOX-2-derived superoxide by (-) and (+)-naloxone was measured in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated midbrain neuron-glia cultures and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated neutrophil membranes by measuring the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable reduction of tetrazolium salt (WST-1) or ferricytochrome c. Further, various ligand (H-3-naloxone) binding assays were performed in wild type and gp91(phox-/-) neutrophils and transfected COS-7 and HEK293 cells. The translocation of cytosolic subunit p47(phox) to plasma membrane was assessed by western blot. Results: Both (-) and (+)-naloxone equally inhibited LPS- and PMA-induced superoxide production with an IC50 of 1.96 and 2.52 mu M, respectively. Competitive binding of H-3-naloxone with cold (-) and (+)-naloxone in microglia showed equal potency with an IC50 of 2.73 and 1.57 mu M, respectively. H-3-Naloxone binding was elevated in COS-7 and HEK293 cells transfected with gp91(phox); in contrast, reduced H-3-naloxone binding was found in neutrophils deficient in gp91(phox) or in the presence of a NOX2 inhibitor. The specificity and an increase in binding capacity of H-3-naloxone were further demonstrated by 1) an immunoprecipitation study using gp91(phox) antibody, and 2) activation of NOX2 by PMA. Finally, western blot studies showed that naloxone suppressed translocation of the cytosolic subunit p47(phox) to the membrane, leading to NOX2 inactivation. Conclusions: Strong evidence is provided indicating that NOX2 is a non-opioid novel binding site for naloxone, which is critical in mediating its inhibitory effect on microglia overactivation and superoxide production. C1 [Wang, Qingshan; Zhou, Hui; Gao, Huiming; Chen, Shih-Heng; Chu, Chun-Hsien; Wilson, Belinda; Hong, Jau-Shyong] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neuropharmacol Sect, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hong, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neuropharmacol Sect, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM hong3@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. We thank Dr. Saurabh Chatterjee and Baozhong Zhao at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Esteban Oyarzabal at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, for their helpful suggestions in editing this article. NR 45 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-2094 J9 J NEUROINFLAMM JI J. Neuroinflamm. PD FEB 16 PY 2012 VL 9 AR 32 DI 10.1186/1742-2094-9-32 PG 14 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 917IL UT WOS:000302167000001 PM 22340895 ER PT J AU Griffith, MB Norton, SB Alexander, LC Pollard, AI LeDuc, SD AF Griffith, Michael B. Norton, Susan B. Alexander, Laurie C. Pollard, Amina I. LeDuc, Stephen D. TI The effects of mountaintop mines and valley fills on the physicochemical quality of stream ecosystems in the central Appalachians: A review SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Mountaintop mining; Valley fills; Physiochemical effects; Streams; Central Appalachian coalfields ID SOUTHERN WEST-VIRGINIA; HEADWATER STREAMS; UNITED-STATES; COAL-MINE; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; EASTERN KENTUCKY; NATURAL-WATERS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; USA; DRAINAGE AB This review assesses the state of the science on the effects of mountaintop mines and valley fills (MTM-VF) on the physicochemical characteristics of streams in the central Appalachian coalfields of West Virginia, Kentucky, Virginia and Tennessee, USA. We focus on the impacts of mountaintop removal coal mining, which involves removing all - or some portion - of the top of a mountain or ridge to expose and mine one or more coal seams. Excess overburden is disposed in constructed fills in small valleys adjacent to the mining site. MTM-VF leachate persistently increases the downstream concentrations of major ions. Conductivity is a coarse measure of these ions, which are dominated by a distinct mixture of SO42-, HCO3-, Ca2+ and Mg2+, that reflects their source, the oxidation of pyrite to form acid followed by neutralization of the acidity by carbonate minerals within the valley fills. This results in neutral to alkaline pHs, a range at which many metals are relatively insoluble. Other compounds within coal or overburden are solubilized and occur at elevated albeit lower concentrations, including K+, Na+,Cl-, Se and Mn. In terms of physical characteristics, the valley fills act like headwater aquifers, baseflows increase in streams below valley fills and water temperatures exhibit reduced seasonal variation. Peak discharges may be increased in response to intense precipitation events, because of compaction of base surfaces of the MTM-VF areas, but newer approaches to reclamation reduce this compaction and may ameliorate these peak flows. Although the sedimentation pond is intended to capture fine particles that wash downstream from the valley fill, some studies found increased fine sediments in streams downstream from valley fills. However, a proportion of these fines may be eroded from stream banks rather than the valley fills. This is probably a result of the alterations in stream flows. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Griffith, Michael B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Norton, Susan B.; Alexander, Laurie C.; Pollard, Amina I.; LeDuc, Stephen D.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Griffith, MB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, MS A-130,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM griffith.michael@epa.gov FU Tetra Tech [EP-C-07-068] FX This manuscript is adapted from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency report, EPA/600/R-09/138F. We thank our colleagues in U.S. EPA Region 3 and the National Center for Environmental Assessment, particularly G.J. Pond, M.E. Passmore, B. Zwayer, M. Johnson, C.R. Ziegler, J.B. Frithsen, M.E. Troyer, D. Bussard, M.W. Slimak, and P. Preuss. We especially thank K.A. Schofield, who initially produced the conceptual diagrams. We thank the many reviewers who provided comments during internal review and through the public docket and Science Advisory Board review process, especially R.H. Anderson, T.R Angradi, P. D'Odorico, K.M. Fritz, K.J. Hartman, B.R. Johnson, T.J. Norberg-King, C. Ridley, D.T. Patten, E.W. Boyer, W.H. Clements, J.S. Dinger, G. Geidel, A.D. Huryn, L.B. Johnson, R.H. Hilderbrand, T.W. La Point, S.N. Luoma, D.B. McLaughlin, M.C. Newman, J.T. Petty, E.T. Rankin, DJ. Soucek, B.W. Sweeney, P.A. Townsend, R.C. Warner, S.M. Cormier, and M.G. McManus along with the two anonymous reviewers, who reviewed the journal manuscript. Contract support was provided by Tetra Tech under contract EP-C-07-068. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 100 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 13 U2 171 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 417 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.042 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 909IX UT WOS:000301559300001 PM 22264919 ER PT J AU Huang, WC Li, LP Myers, JR Marth, GT AF Huang, Weichun Li, Leping Myers, Jason R. Marth, Gabor T. TI ART: a next-generation sequencing read simulator SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article AB ART is a set of simulation tools that generate synthetic next-generation sequencing reads. This functionality is essential for testing and benchmarking tools for next- generation sequencing data analysis including read alignment, de novo assembly and genetic variation discovery. ART generates simulated sequencing reads by emulating the sequencing process with built-in, technology-specific read error models and base quality value profiles parameterized empirically in large sequencing datasets. We currently support all three major commercial next- generation sequencing platforms: Roche's 454, Illumina's Solexa and Applied Biosystems' SOLiD. ART also allows the flexibility to use customized read error model parameters and quality profiles. C1 [Huang, Weichun; Li, Leping; Myers, Jason R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Marth, Gabor T.] Boston Coll, Dept Biol, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Huang, WC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM weichun.huang@nih.gov; gabor.marth@bc.edu FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES101765]; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health [HG003698, HG004719] FX Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES101765); National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (HG003698 and HG004719 to G. T. M.) in part. NR 7 TC 179 Z9 183 U1 2 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 593 EP 594 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr708 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 895IT UT WOS:000300490500023 PM 22199392 ER PT J AU Tang, GH Wang, Y Park, S Bajpayee, NS Vi, D Nagaoka, Y Birnbaumer, L Jiang, MS AF Tang, Guanghua Wang, Ying Park, Sangeun Bajpayee, Neil S. Vi, Diana Nagaoka, Yoshiko Birnbaumer, Lutz Jiang, Meisheng TI G(o)2 G protein mediates galanin inhibitory effects on insulin release from pancreatic beta cells SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE glycemia; GTP-binding protein-coupled receptor; heterotrimeric; signal transduction; Alzheimer's disease ID SENSITIVE K+ CHANNELS; MICE LACKING; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PRESYNAPTIC INHIBITION; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; ISLET FUNCTION; GAMMA SUBUNIT; CLONED HUMAN; SECRETION; RECEPTOR AB The neuropeptide galanin regulates numerous physiological activities in the body, including feeding and metabolism, learning and memory, nociception and spinal reflexes, and anxiety and related behaviors. Modulation of blood glucose levels by suppressing insulin release was the first reported activity for galanin. This inhibition was mediated by one or more pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins of the G(i/o) subfamily. However, the molecular identities of the specific G protein(s) and intracellular effectors have not been fully revealed. Recently, we demonstrated that mice lacking G(o)2, but not other members of the Gi/o protein family, secrete more insulin than controls upon glucose challenge, indicating that G(o)2 is a major transducer for the inhibitory regulation of insulin secretion. In this study, we investigated galanin signaling mechanisms in beta cells using cell biological and electrophysiological approaches. We found that islets lacking G(o)2, but not other Gi/o proteins, lose the inhibitory effect of galanin on insulin release. Potentiation of ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) and inhibition of calcium currents by galanin were disrupted by anti-G(o)2 alpha antibodies. Galanin actions on K-ATP and calcium currents were completely lost in G(o)2(-/-) beta cells. Furthermore, the hyperglycemic effect of galanin is also blunted in G(o)2(-/-) mice. Our results demonstrate that G(o)2 mediates the inhibition of insulin release by galanin by regulating both K-ATP and Ca2+ channels in mice. Our findings provide insight into galanin's action in glucose homeostasis. The results may also be relevant to the understanding of galanin signaling in other biological systems, especially the central nervous system. C1 [Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Tang, Guanghua; Wang, Ying; Park, Sangeun; Bajpayee, Neil S.; Vi, Diana; Nagaoka, Yoshiko; Jiang, Meisheng] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Birnbaumer, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM birnbau1@niehs.nih.gov; jm@ucla.edu FU National Institutes of Health [DK069771, DK19318, Z01-ES101643] FX This work is supported by National Institutes of Health Grants DK069771 (to M.J.) and DK19318 (to L. B.) and in part by Intramural Research Program of the NIH Project Z01-ES101643 (to L. B.). NR 53 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 14 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 7 BP 2636 EP 2641 DI 10.1073/pnas.1200100109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 895IH UT WOS:000300489200092 PM 22308501 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Mercado, GJ Smith, RL Gonzalez, MA AF Ruiz-Mercado, Gerardo J. Smith, Raymond L. Gonzalez, Michael A. TI Sustainability Indicators for Chemical Processes: I. Taxonomy SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GREEN CHEMISTRY; PROCESS DESIGN; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; REACTION METRICS; EXERGY ANALYSIS; FRAMEWORK; UNIFICATION; PERSPECTIVE; EFFICIENCY; PRODUCTS AB High demand and consumption rates of ecological materials and services to satisfy societal needs and for the dissipation of emissions are quickly exceeding the capacity that nature can provide. To avoid a tipping point situation, where ecological services may no longer be available, society must consider a sustainable path forward. The chemical industry's response is to incorporate a sustainability approach early into process design to reduce the quantity of goods and services needed and to prevent and minimize releases, while increasing their economic and social benefits. This approach leads to design modifications of existing and new chemical processes, which requires a complete sustainability performance assessment that can support a decision-maker to determine whether a process is becoming more or less sustainable. Hence, the development of indicators capable of assessing process sustainability becomes crucial. This work presents a taxonomic classification and definition of sustainability indicators according to the environmental, efficiency, energy, and economic bases proposed by the GREENSCOPE methodology for the evaluation and design of sustainable processes. In addition, this work proposes a general scale for measuring sustainability according to the identification and use of best possible target and worst-case scenarios as reference states, as the upper and lower bounds of a sustainability measurement scale. This taxonomy will prove valuable in evaluating chemical process sustainability in the various stages of design and optimization. C1 [Ruiz-Mercado, Gerardo J.; Smith, Raymond L.; Gonzalez, Michael A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM smith.raymond@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development FX This project was supported in part by an appointment for Dr. Ruiz-Mercado to the Research Participation Program for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 70 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD FEB 8 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2309 EP 2328 DI 10.1021/ie102116e PG 20 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 887XV UT WOS:000299967700013 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Mercado, GJ Smith, RL Gonzalez, MA AF Ruiz-Mercado, Gerardo J. Smith, Raymond L. Gonzalez, Michael A. TI Sustainability Indicators for Chemical Processes: II. Data Needs SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID REDUCTION WAR ALGORITHM; PROCESS DESIGN; THERMODYNAMIC METRICS; GREEN CHEMISTRY; UNIFICATION; METHODOLOGY; FRAMEWORK; INDUSTRY; SAFETY; HEALTH AB To begin repair of the environmental quality of the planet, there is a need to embrace sustainable development at many levels of the chemical industry and society. One such manner in which the chemical industry is responding to this need is through sustainability evaluations, retrofits, and new process designs. For improving the sustainability of chemical processes, the first contribution of this set of articles presented a taxonomic classification, definition, and scale for measuring sustainability indicators according to the GREENSCOPE (Gauging Reaction Effectiveness for the ENvironmental Sustainability of Chemistries with a multi-Objective Process Evaluator) methodology. To generate a sustainability assessment and yield a more sustainable process in the end, a model must: have available data; that is, data are not the final goal but are mandatory to arrive there. This second contribution extends this methodology by identifying data requirements when calculating the indicators. Each indicator is mathematically defined, emphasizing realistic usage, and connecting the mathematical formulas for the indicators with their data requirements. In addition, data-source alternatives to fulfill the input requirements and potential data gaps for the calculation of the sustainability indicators for a new process technology or an existing manufacturing plant are proposed and discussed. This work farther provides the practical connection between theoretical definitions of sustainability, data needs, and mathematical definitions of indicators for process sustainability assessment. With the accomplishment of this second contribution, sustainability assessment can be achieved and proposed as a reliable and robust tool for the development and optimization of chemical processes. C1 [Ruiz-Mercado, Gerardo J.; Smith, Raymond L.; Gonzalez, Michael A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM smith.raymond@epa.gov FU EPA, Office of Research and Development FX This project was supported in part by an appointment for Dr. Ruiz-Mercado to the Research Participation Program for the EPA, Office of Research and Development, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and EPA. NR 92 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD FEB 8 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2329 EP 2353 DI 10.1021/ie200755k PG 25 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 887XV UT WOS:000299967700014 ER PT J AU Ridley, CE Clark, CM LeDuc, SD Bierwagen, BG Lin, BB Mehl, A Tobias, DA AF Ridley, Caroline E. Clark, Christopher M. LeDuc, Stephen D. Bierwagen, Britta G. Lin, Brenda B. Mehl, Adrea Tobias, David A. TI Biofuels: Network Analysis of the Literature Reveals Key Environmental and Economic Unknowns SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LAND-USE; COMPLEX NETWORKS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY; BIOENERGY; EXTINCTION; EMISSIONS; EVOLUTION; HOTSPOTS; RISK AB Despite rapid growth in biofuel production worldwide, it is uncertain whether decision-makers possess sufficient information to fully evaluate the impacts of the industry and avoid unintended consequences. Doing so requires rigorous peer-reviewed data and analyses across the entire range of direct and indirect effects. To assess the coverage of scientific research, we analyzed over 1600 peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2009 that addressed 23 biofuels-related topics within four thematic areas: environment and human well-being, economics, technology, and geography. Greenhouse gases, fuel production, and feedstock production were well-represented in the literature, while trade, biodiversity, and human health were not. Gaps were especially striking across topics in the Southern Hemisphere, where the greatest potential socio-economic benefits, as well as environmental damages, may co-occur. There was strong asymmetry in the connectedness of research topics; greenhouse gases articles were twice as often connected to other topics as biodiversity articles. This could undermine the ability of scientific and economic analyses to adequately evaluate impacts and avoid significant unintended consequences. At the least, our review suggests caution in this developing industry and the need to pursue more interdisciplinary research to assess complex trade-offs and feedbacks inherent to an industry with wide-reaching potential impacts. C1 [Ridley, Caroline E.; Clark, Christopher M.; LeDuc, Stephen D.; Bierwagen, Britta G.; Lin, Brenda B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Arlington, VA USA. [Mehl, Adrea] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Air Pollut Control Div, Denver, CO USA. [Tobias, David A.] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ridley, CE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Arlington, VA USA. EM ridley.caroline@epa.gov RI Lin, Brenda/A-8834-2011 OI Lin, Brenda/0000-0002-6011-9172 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 7 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1309 EP 1315 DI 10.1021/es2023253 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 886OT UT WOS:000299864400007 PM 22229835 ER PT J AU McDonald, ME Paul, JF AF McDonald, Michael E. Paul, John F. TI Response to Comment on "Timing of Increased Autistic Disorder Cumulative Incidence" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [McDonald, Michael E.; Paul, John F.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP McDonald, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-B343-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mcdonald.michael@epa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 7 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1950 EP 1951 DI 10.1021/es204570a PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 886OT UT WOS:000299864400085 ER PT J AU Whitehead, A Pilcher, W Champlin, D Nacci, D AF Whitehead, Andrew Pilcher, Whitney Champlin, Denise Nacci, Diane TI Common mechanism underlies repeated evolution of extreme pollution tolerance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE comparative transcriptomics; adaptation; Fundulus heteroclitus; ecological genomics ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; ATLANTIC KILLIFISH; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; DIOXIN SENSITIVITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; RESISTANCE; ZEBRAFISH; POPULATION AB Human alterations to the environment can exert strong evolutionary pressures, yet contemporary adaptation to human-mediated stressors is rarely documented in wildlife populations. A common-garden experimental design was coupled with comparative transcriptomics to discover evolved mechanisms enabling three populations of killifish resident in urban estuaries to survive normally lethal pollution exposure during development, and to test whether mechanisms are unique or common across populations. We show that killifish populations from these polluted sites have independently converged on a common adaptive mechanism, despite variation in contaminant profiles among sites. These populations are united by a similarly profound desensitization of aryl-hydrocarbon receptor-mediated transcriptional activation, which is associated with extreme tolerance to the lethal effects of toxic dioxin-like pollutants. The rapid, repeated, heritable and convergent nature of evolved tolerance suggests that ancestral killifish populations harboured genotypes that enabled adaptation to twentieth-century industrial pollutants. C1 [Whitehead, Andrew; Pilcher, Whitney] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Champlin, Denise; Nacci, Diane] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Whitehead, A (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 202 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM andreww@lsu.edu RI Whitehead, Andrew/G-2122-2012 FU US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division [AED-11-014]; National Science Foundation [EF-0723771, BES-0652006] FX A.W. and D.N. designed experiments. D.N. and D. C. maintained fish colonies, conducted embryo PCB-exposure experiments, and collected and analysed survivorship data. W. P. collected transcriptomics data. A. W. analysed and interpreted transcriptomics data. A. W. and D.N. wrote the manuscript. This is contribution number AED-11-014 of the US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, which partially supported this research. This manuscript has been reviewed and approved for publication by the US EPA. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the US EPA. Mention of trade names, products or services does not convey and should not be interpreted as conveying, official US EPA approval, endorsement or recommendation. This research was partially supported by funding from the National Science Foundation (grants EF-0723771 and BES-0652006 to A.W.). NR 44 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 66 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD FEB 7 PY 2012 VL 279 IS 1728 BP 427 EP 433 DI 10.1098/rspb.2011.0847 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 870ID UT WOS:000298661700002 PM 21733895 ER PT J AU Song, MO Lee, CH Yang, HO Freedman, JH AF Song, Min Ok Lee, Chang-Ho Yang, Hyun Ok Freedman, Jonathan H. TI Endosulfan upregulates AP-1 binding and ARE-mediated transcription via ERK1/2 and p38 activation in HepG2 cells SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Endosulfan; AP-1; ARE; ERK; p38; HepG2 ID DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; HUMAN HACAT KERATINOCYTES; MAP KINASE PATHWAYS; GENE-EXPRESSION; C-JUN; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; PROTEIN-KINASES; REACTIVE OXYGEN; IN-VITRO; ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES AB Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide and has been implicated in neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunosuppression and teratogenicity. However, the molecular mechanism of endosulfan toxicity is not yet clear. Recent studies demonstrated that oxidative stress induced by endosulfan is involved in its toxicity and accumulating evidence suggests that endosulfan can modulate the activities of stress-responsive signal transduction pathways including extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2. However, none of the previous studies investigated the ability of endosulfan to modulate activating protein-1 (AP-1) binding and antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated transcription as an underlying mechanism of endosulfan toxicity. In this report, we show that treatment of HepG2 cells with endosulfan significantly increased oxidative stress-responsive transcription via AP-1 activation. In addition, endosulfan-induced transcription was enhanced in cells depleted of glutathione by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) treatment. Exposure to endosulfan resulted in a significant increase in the activities of MAPKs, ERK1/2 and p38. Endosulfan-induced increases in enzymatic activities of these MAPKs were consistent with MAPK phosphorylation. Endosulfan exposure also caused an increase in c-Jun phosphorylation. These results suggest a model for endosulfan toxicity in which endosulfan increases ERK1/2 and p38 activities and these activated MAPKs then increase c-Jun phosphorylation. Phosphorylated c-Jun, in turn, increases AP-1 activity, which results in activation of ARE-mediated transcription. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Song, Min Ok; Yang, Hyun Ok] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Kangnung, Gangwon Do, South Korea. [Song, Min Ok; Freedman, Jonathan H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Lee, Chang-Ho] Kangnung Wonju Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Biol, Gangwon Do 210702, South Korea. RP Song, MO (reprint author), Korea Inst Sci & Technol, 679 Saimdang Ro, Kangnung, Gangwon Do, South Korea. EM songmo@kist.re.kr FU NIH; NIEHS [Z01ES102045] FX This work was supported (in part) by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH and NIEHS (Z01ES102045). NR 68 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD FEB 6 PY 2012 VL 292 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2011.11.013 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 895XY UT WOS:000300531200003 PM 22146149 ER PT J AU Marr, D Mason, M Mosley, R Liu, XY AF Marr, David Mason, Mark Mosley, Ron Liu, Xiaoyu TI The influence of opening windows and doors on the natural ventilation rate of a residential building SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AIR CHANGE RATES AB An analysis of air exchange rates due to intentional window and door openings in a research test house located in a residential environment is presented. These data inform the development of ventilation rate control strategies as building envelopes are tightened to improve the energy efficiency of residential structures. Common physical processes in the building are evaluated for their ability to alter building air exchange rates through increased natural ventilation. The impact on indoor air quality as related to contaminant concentrations is not considered. Air exchange rates were determined for door opening frequency in addition to several window open areas using multiple zone tracer gas decay measurements. Data analysis shows that window opened area, door opening frequency, and indoor-to-outdoor temperature differences have the greatest effect on air exchange rates out of the measured parameters. C1 [Marr, David; Mason, Mark; Mosley, Ron; Liu, Xiaoyu] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Marr, D (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM david.marr@carrier.utc.com NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD FEB-APR PY 2012 VL 18 IS 1-2 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1080/10789669.2011.585423 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 910JP UT WOS:000301633300015 ER PT J AU Elmore, SA AF Elmore, Susan A. TI Enhanced Histopathology of the Immune System: A Review and Update SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE enhanced histopathology; lymphoid organs; immune system; immunomodulation; immunotoxicity; terminology ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; PATHOLOGY CONSIDERATIONS; EXTENDED HISTOPATHOLOGY; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; BONE-MARROW; IMMUNOTOXICITY; HISTOLOGY; VALIDATION; GUIDELINES; TOXICOLOGY AB Enhanced histopathology (EH) of the immune system is a tool that the pathologist can use to assist in the detection of lymphoid organ lesions when evaluating a suspected immunomodulatory test article within a subchronic study or as a component of a more comprehensive, tiered approach to immunotoxicity testing. There are three primary points to consider when performing EH: (1) each lymphoid organ has separate compartments that support specific immune functions; (2) these compartments should be evaluated individually; and (3) semiquantitative descriptive rather than interpretive terminology should be used to characterize any changes. Enhanced histopathology is a screening tool that should be used in conjunction with study data including clinical signs, gross changes, body weight, spleen and thymus weights, other organ or tissue changes, and clinical pathology. Points to consider include appropriate tissue collection, sectioning, and staining; lesion grading; and diligent comparison with concurrent controls. The value of EH of lymphoid organs is to aid in the identification of target cell type, changes in cell production and cell death, changes in cellular trafficking and recirculation, and determination of mechanism of action. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Elmore, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM elmore@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH) FX This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH). This article may be the work product of an employee or group of employees of the NIEHS, NIH, however, the statements, opinions or conclusions contained therein do not necessarily represent the statements, opinions, or conclusions of NIEHS, NIH, or the United States government. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 40 IS 2 BP 148 EP 156 DI 10.1177/0192623311427571 PG 9 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 961JL UT WOS:000305460600003 PM 22089843 ER PT J AU Luebke, R AF Luebke, Robert TI Immunotoxicant Screening and Prioritization in the Twenty-first Century SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alternative methods; immunotoxicity testing; immunosuppression; allergic hypersensitivity ID KERATINOCYTE CELL-LINE; IN-VITRO; IL-18 PRODUCTION; ACTIVATION; ALLERGENS; ASSAYS; SENSITIZERS; POTENCY; CHIP AB Current immunotoxicity testing guidance for drugs, high production- volume chemicals, and pesticides specifies the use of animal models to assess potential biomarkers of immune system effects (e. g., lymphoid organ and bone marrow indices, histopathology) or actual measures of immune function (e. g., responses to challenge with antigens or pathogens). These assays are resource intensive and often require special training or experience to ensure reliable results. Alternative in vitro assays to detect immunosuppression and allergic hypersensitivity have the potential to reduce animal use and testing costs and increase immunotoxicity screening and prioritization efforts. Alternative models to detect immunosuppression tend to address broad modes of action because suppression may be caused by a wide variety of events; current in vitro models access the supply of innate and adaptive immune system cells as well as cellular markers associated with function, including gene expression, protein synthesis, and proliferation. Events leading to the induction of allergic hypersensitivity, particularly contact hypersensitivity, are more restricted, and alternative methods currently exploit chemical properties and activation of defined cell populations to detect and estimate the potency of skin sensitizers. C1 US EPA, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Luebke, R (reprint author), US EPA, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab,Off Res & Dev, MD B-105-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 40 IS 2 BP 294 EP 299 DI 10.1177/0192623311427572 PG 6 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 961JL UT WOS:000305460600019 PM 22105646 ER PT J AU DeWitt, JC Peden-Adams, MM Keller, JM Germolec, DR AF DeWitt, Jamie C. Peden-Adams, Margie M. Keller, Jennifer M. Germolec, Dori R. TI Immunotoxicity of Perfluorinated Compounds: Recent Developments SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE perfluorinated compounds; immunotoxicity; inflammation; perfluorooctane sulfonate; perfluorooctanoic acid; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE; FEMALE B6C3F1 MICE; NF-KAPPA-B; PEROXISOME-PROLIFERATOR; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; MARINE MAMMALS; UNITED-STATES; FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS AB Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are environmentally widespread, persistent, and bioaccumulative chemicals with multiple toxicities reported in experimental models and wildlife, including immunomodulation. The two most commonly detected compounds, which also generally occur in the highest concentrations in environmentally exposed organisms, are perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). PFOA and PFOS have been reported to alter inflammatory responses, production of cytokines, and adaptive and innate immune responses in rodent models, avian models, reptilian models, and mammalian and nonmammalian wildlife. Mounting evidence suggests that immune effects in laboratory animal models occur at serum concentrations below, within the reported range, or just above those reported for highly exposed humans and wildlife. Thus, the risk of immune effects for humans and wildlife exposed to PFCs cannot be discounted, especially when bioaccumulation and exposure to multiple PFCs are considered. This review contains brief descriptions of current and recently published work exploring immunomodulation by PFOA, PFOS, and other PFCs in rodent models, alternative laboratory models, and wildlife. C1 [DeWitt, Jamie C.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. [Peden-Adams, Margie M.] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Keller, Jennifer M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Germolec, Dori R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP DeWitt, JC (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Brody Sch Med, 6S-10 Brody Bldg,600 Moye Blvd, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. EM dewittj@ecu.edu OI DeWitt, Jamie/0000-0002-0440-4059 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health FX The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. This article may be the work product of an employee or group of employees of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH); however, the statements, opinions or conclusions contained therein do not necessarily represent the statements, opinions, or conclusions of NIEHS, NIH, or the U.S. government. NR 101 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 7 U2 78 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 EI 1533-1601 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 40 IS 2 BP 300 EP 311 DI 10.1177/0192623311428473 PG 12 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 961JL UT WOS:000305460600020 PM 22109712 ER PT J AU Gilmour, MI AF Gilmour, M. Ian TI Influence of Air Pollutants on Allergic Sensitization: The Paradox of Increased Allergies and Decreased Resistance to Infection SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental toxicology; immunotoxicity; inhalation ID POLLUTION; HEALTH; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; ASTHMA AB Air pollution has long been associated with health risks such as increased susceptibility to respiratory infections and potentiation of asthmatic-type responses. Experimental evidence in rodents indicates that air pollutants including diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), gases, and metals cause lung injury, inflammation, reduce aspects of host defense, and may potentiate allergic airway responses. Here we present evidence that diesel exhaust particles delivered by inhalation or aspiration can exacerbate allergic lung disease depending on the material's chemical properties. Genomic analysis of mouse lungs following instillation or inhalation of DEPs shows an alteration spectrum of pathways associated with immune signaling, cell metabolism, and oxidative stress. Diesel exposure also may worsen respiratory infections through depression of protective immune responses. Here we show that mice exposed to diesel and co-infected with influenza had increased influenza virus titers as well as higher levels of lung injury and inflammation in association with increased Th2 cytokines, and a concomitant decrease in Th1 polarization. A simplified model explains how the potentiation of the Th2 arm of immunity by diesel exhaust results in increased allergic sensitization, whereas cell-mediated (protective) immunity against viral infections is simultaneously reduced. C1 US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gilmour, MI (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 104 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Gilmour.ian@epa.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 40 IS 2 BP 312 EP 314 DI 10.1177/0192623311431949 PG 3 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 961JL UT WOS:000305460600021 PM 22222885 ER PT J AU Barron, MG AF Barron, Mace G. TI Ecological Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Implications for Immunotoxicity SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oil spill; immunotoxicity; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; environmental assessment ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; MINK MUSTELA-VISON; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; GENE-EXPRESSION; CRUDE-OIL; HEAVY OIL; FUEL-OIL; EXPOSURE; FISH AB The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill was the largest environmental disaster and response effort in U. S. history, with nearly 800 million liters of crude oil spilled. Vast areas of the Gulf of Mexico were contaminated with oil, including deep-ocean communities and over 1,600 kilometers of shoreline. Multiple species of pelagic, tidal, and estuarine organisms; sea turtles; marine mammals; and birds were affected, and over 20 million hectares of the Gulf of Mexico were closed to fishing. Several large-scale field efforts were performed, including assessments of shoreline and wildlife oiling and of coastal waters and sediments. The assessment of injuries, damages, and restoration options for the DWH spill is ongoing. Although petroleum and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon component of oils are known to affect the immune systems of aquatic organisms and wildlife, immunotoxicity is not typically assessed during oil spills and has not been a focus of the DHW assessment. The effects of oil spill contaminants on immune responses are variable and often exposure dependent, but immunotoxic effects seem likely from the DHW spill based on the reported effects of a variety of oils on both aquatic and wildlife species. C1 US EPA, ORD NHEERL GED, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Barron, MG (reprint author), US EPA, ORD NHEERL GED, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM Barron.mace@epa.gov NR 32 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 17 U2 247 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 40 IS 2 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1177/0192623311428474 PG 6 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 961JL UT WOS:000305460600022 PM 22105647 ER PT J AU Boorman, G Crabbs, TA Kolenda-Roberts, H Latimer, K Miller, AD Muravnick, KB Nyska, A Ochoa, R Pardo, ID Ramot, Y Rao, DB Schuh, J Suttie, A Travlos, GS Ward, JM Wolf, JC Elmore, SA AF Boorman, Gary Crabbs, Torrie A. Kolenda-Roberts, Holly Latimer, Ken Miller, Andrew D. Muravnick, Kathleen B. Nyska, Abraham Ochoa, Ricardo Pardo, Ingrid D. Ramot, Yuval Rao, Deepa B. Schuh, JoAnn Suttie, Andrew Travlos, Greg S. Ward, Jerrold M. Wolf, Jeffrey C. Elmore, Susan A. TI Proceedings of the 2011 National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NTP Satellite Symposium; ameloblastoma; gas gland hyperplasia; stomach cystic hyperplasia; sodium dichromate dihydrate; olfactory neuroblastoma; cynomolgus monkey; adnexal degeneration; parakeratotic hyperkeratosis; oligodendroglioma; microglioma; microcytic hypochromic anemia; microcytosis; spherocytosis; poikilocytosis; green tea; Ginkgo biloba; corneal dystrophy; Dutch belted rabbit valvulitis; valvulopathy; post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT LESIONS; GREEN TEA EXTRACTS; OLFACTORY NEUROBLASTOMA; RAT ERYTHROCYTES; NEURO-BLASTOMA; TOXICITY; DRUG; 1-NITROSOPIPERAZINE; CARCINOGENICITY; SPHEROCYTOSIS AB The 2011 annual National Toxicology Program (NTP) Satellite Symposium, entitled "Pathology Potpourri," was held in Denver, Colorado in advance of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology's 30th Annual Meeting. The goal of the NTP Symposium is to present current diagnostic pathology or nomenclature issues to the toxicologic pathology community. This article presents summaries of the speakers' presentations, including diagnostic or nomenclature issues that were presented, along with select images that were used for audience voting or discussion. Some lesions and topics covered during the symposium include: proliferative lesions from various fish species including ameloblastoma, gas gland hyperplasia, nodular regenerative hepatocellular hyperplasia, and malignant granulosa cell tumor; spontaneous cystic hyperplasia in the stomach of CD1 mice and histiocytic aggregates in the duodenal villous tips of treated mice; an olfactory neuroblastoma in a cynomolgus monkey; various rodent skin lesions, including follicular parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, adnexal degeneration, and epithelial intracytoplasmic accumulations; oligodendroglioma and microgliomas in rats; a diagnostically challenging microcytic, hypochromic, responsive anemia in rats; a review of microcytes and microcytosis; nasal lesions associated with green tea extract and Ginkgo biloba in rats; corneal dystrophy in Dutch belted rabbits; valvulopathy in rats; and lymphoproliferative disease in a cynomolgus monkey. C1 [Elmore, Susan A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Boorman, Gary; Latimer, Ken; Suttie, Andrew] Covance Labs Inc, Chantilly, VA USA. [Crabbs, Torrie A.; Kolenda-Roberts, Holly] Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Miller, Andrew D.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, New England Primate Res Ctr, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. [Muravnick, Kathleen B.] Tufts Cummings Sch Vet Med, North Grafton, MA USA. [Nyska, Abraham] Timrat, Toxicol Pathol, Tel Aviv, Israel. [Nyska, Abraham] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Ochoa, Ricardo] Preclin Safety Inc, Niantic, CT USA. [Pardo, Ingrid D.] Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Ramot, Yuval] Hadassah Hebrew Univ, Med Ctr, Jerusalem, Israel. [Rao, Deepa B.] Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Schuh, JoAnn] JCL Schuh PLLC, Bainbridge Isl, WA USA. [Schuh, JoAnn] Biol Test Ctr, Irvine, CA USA. [Ward, Jerrold M.] NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Wolf, Jeffrey C.] Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Sterling, VA USA. RP Elmore, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM elmore@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) FX The authors wish to thank Eli Ney of the NIEHS for her unique and creative cover artwork for the Symposium handouts as well as for her technical expertise in formatting the speaker's PowerPoint presentations. Thanks also to both Eli Ney and Beth Mahler of EPL for their assistance with manuscript image preparation and to David Sabio of EPL for assistance during the Symposium. Appreciation also goes to Sue Pitsch, Krystle Correll, Tierre Miller, and Maureen Kettering of Association Innovation and Management, Inc. for their valuable help with annual advertising and meeting facilities. Also integral to the success of this meeting was the security provided by William Stoeffler of the Stoeffler Group, LLC. This research was supported (in part) by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). This article may be the work product of an employee or group of employees of the NIEHS, NIH; however, the statements, opinions or conclusions contained therein do not necessarily represent the statements, opinions or conclusions of NIEHS, NIH, or the United States government. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 40 IS 2 BP 321 EP 344 DI 10.1177/0192623311427713 PG 24 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 961JL UT WOS:000305460600023 PM 22089839 ER PT J AU Becker, RA Bergfelt, DR Borghoff, S Davis, JP Hamby, BT O'Connor, JC Kaplan, AM Sloan, CS Tyl, RW Wade, M Marty, MS AF Becker, Richard A. Bergfelt, Don R. Borghoff, Susan Davis, Jeffrey P. Hamby, Bonnie T. O'Connor, John C. Kaplan, A. Michael Sloan, Carol S. Tyl, Rochelle W. Wade, Michael Marty, Mary Sue TI Interlaboratory Study Comparison of the 15-Day Intact Adult Male Rat Screening Assay: Evaluation of an Antithyroid Chemical and a Negative Control Chemical SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruption; endocrine screening; allyl alcohol; pentabromodiphenyl ether ID ACTIVE COMPOUNDS EACS; END-POINTS; ALLYL ALCOHOL; DISRUPTION; EXPOSURE; BATTERY; SAMPLES AB Validation of the 15-day intact adult male rat screening assay (IAMRSA), an endocrine activity screen, was extended beyond the 28 substances evaluated to date. Two independent laboratories evaluated specificity using allyl alcohol (AA), a putative negative control, and DE-71 (technical grade pentabromodiphenyl ether) for comparison with previous pubertal assays that demonstrated thyroid effects. Male rats (15/group) were gavaged daily with AA (0, 10, 30, or 40 mg/kg/day) or DE-71 (0, 3, 30, or 60 mg/kg/day) for 15 days. Body and organ weights and serum hormone concentrations were measured, and a limited histopathological assessment was conducted. AA results were considered negative at doses that did not exceed the maximum tolerated dose (MTD); effects reported were dose-related decreases in weight gain, increased liver weights and, although the pattern varied across studies, alterations in some androgen-sensitive endpoints in the high-dose where the maximum tolerated dose was exceeded. In the DE-71 studies, dose-dependent increases in liver weights (consistent with hepatic enzyme induction), decreases in tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine, concomitant thyroid stimulating hormone increases were observed and one laboratory reported histopathological thyroid changes in mid-and high-dose groups, and the other increased thyroid weights. For DE-71, the IAMRSA was comparable in sensitivity to the pubertal assays. Overall, the specificity and sensitivity of the IAMRSA for deployment in an endocrine screening battery are supported. However, differentiating primary endocrine-mediated effects from secondary effects caused by systemic toxicity will be challenging, emphasizing the need to utilize a battery of assays and a weight of evidence approach when evaluating the potential endocrine activity of chemicals. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 95:63-78, 2012. (C)2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Becker, Richard A.] Amer Chem Council, Washington, DC 20002 USA. [Bergfelt, Don R.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Borghoff, Susan; Davis, Jeffrey P.] Integrated Lab Syst Inc ILS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hamby, Bonnie T.; Sloan, Carol S.; Tyl, Rochelle W.] Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [O'Connor, John C.] DuPont Haskell Global Ctr Human Hlth & Environm S, Newark, DE USA. [Kaplan, A. Michael] A Michael Kaplan & Associates LLC, Landenberg, PA USA. [Wade, Michael] Hlth Canada, Environm Hlth Sci Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Marty, Mary Sue] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. RP Becker, RA (reprint author), Amer Chem Council, 700 2nd St NE, Washington, DC 20002 USA. EM rick_becker@americanchemistry.com OI Wade, Michael/0000-0002-7331-3839 FU American Chemistry Council's Long-Range Research Initiative FX Grant sponsor: American Chemistry Council's Long-Range Research Initiative. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 95 IS 1 BP 63 EP 78 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20343 PG 16 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 930PZ UT WOS:000303152900008 PM 22127959 ER PT J AU Olson, DA Vedantham, R Norris, GA Brown, SG Roberts, P AF Olson, David A. Vedantham, Ram Norris, Gary A. Brown, Steven G. Roberts, Paul TI Determining source impacts near roadways using wind regression and organic source markers SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Source apportionment; Motor vehicles; Hopanes; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ID MOTOR-VEHICLE EMISSIONS; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; PARTICULATE MATTER; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; MAJOR HIGHWAY; EXPOSURE; GASOLINE AB Concentrations of 13 organic source markers (10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 3 hopanes) are reported from time-integrated samples (24-h and sub-daily) collected near a highway in Las Vegas, NV. Sample selection for assessing source impacts from the roadway was completed using the wind regression model Air Pollution Transport to Receptor model (EPA APTR 1.0). The model uses a kernel smoothing method for estimating source sectors (sector apportionment) of chemicals across wind speeds and wind directions. The model was applied using semi-continuous (5-min averaging time) pollutant data (black carbon (BC), CO, NO2, and NO) and meteorological data. Using simple screening criteria to identify source impacts (>30% sector apportionment from the roadway and errors in the estimated sector apportionment <30%), sector apportionment results were consistent with organic source marker concentrations representative of motor vehicle exhaust (e.g., benzo(g,h,i)perylene and hopane). Results demonstrated the use of APTR to identify source-impacted time intervals when compared with filter samples analyzed for organic source markers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Olson, David A.; Vedantham, Ram; Norris, Gary A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brown, Steven G.; Roberts, Paul] Sonoma Technol Inc, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Brown, Steven G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Olson, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM olson.david@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [68-W-04-005]; Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency funded and managed the research described here under contract no. 68-W-04-005 to Lockheed Martin. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.; The authors would like to thank Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) for funding the black carbon measurements and monitoring shelter at Fyfe as part of the US-95 Settlement Agreement. This study could not have been completed without extensive cooperation of the Clark County School District; we especially recognize Paul Gerner as well as the staff and teachers of the District and individual schools. David Vaughn and Joey Landreneau (STI) assisted with sampler setup and Jeff Collett and Taehyoung Lee (Colorado State University) assisted with sample preparation and storage. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 47 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.003 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903XY UT WOS:000301157700029 ER PT J AU Rumsey, IC Aneja, VP Lonneman, WA AF Rumsey, Ian C. Aneja, Viney P. Lonneman, William A. TI Characterizing non-methane volatile organic compounds emissions from a swine concentrated animal feeding operation SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Non-methane volatile organic compounds; CAFO emissions; Swine ID EASTERN NORTH-CAROLINA; FLAME IONIZATION DETECTOR; SUMMA POLISHED CANISTERS; CHARACTERIZING AMMONIA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WASTE TREATMENT; ODORANTS; STORAGE; LAGOON; HEALTH AB Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) were determined from a swine concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) in North Carolina. NMVOCs were measured in air samples collected in SUMMA and fused-silica lined (FSL) canisters and were analyzed using a gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC-FID) system. Measurements were made from both an anaerobic lagoon and barn in each of the four seasonal sampling periods during the period June 2007 through April 2008. In each sampling period, nine to eleven canister samples were taken from both the anaerobic lagoon and barn over a minimum of four different days during a period of 1 week. Measurements of meteorological and physiochemical parameters were also made during the sampling period. In lagoon samples, six NMVOCs were identified that had significantly larger emissions in comparison to other NMVOCs. This included three alcohols (ethanol, 2-ethyl-l-hexanol, and methanol), two ketones (acetone and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)) and an aldehyde (acetaldehyde). The overall average fluxes for these NMVOCs, ranged from 0.18 mu g m(-2) min(-1) for 2-ethyl-1-hexanol to 2.11 mu g m(-2) min(-1) for acetone, with seasonal fluxes highest in the summer for four (acetone, acetaldehyde, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and MEK) of the six compounds In barn samples, there were six NMVOCs that had significantly larger concentrations and emissions in comparison to other NMVOCs. These consisted of two alcohols (methanol and ethanol), an aldehyde (acetaldehyde), two ketones (acetone and 2,3-butanedione), and a phenol (4-methylphenol). Overall average barn concentration ranged from 2.87 ppb for 4-methylphenol to 16.12 ppb for ethanol. Overall average normalized barn emission rates ranged from 0.10 g day(-1) AU(-1) (1 AU (animal unit) = 500 kg of live animal weight) for acetaldehyde to 0.45 g day(-1) AU(-1) for ethanol. The NMVOCs, 4-methylphenol and 2,3-butanedione, which have low odor thresholds (odor thresholds = 1.86 ppb and 0.068-0.264 ppb for 4-methylphenol, and = 4.37 ppb and 1.42-7.39 ppb for 2-3-butanedione) and an offensive odor were identified in canister samples. Both 4-methylphenol and 2,3-butanedione barn concentrations exceeded their odor thresholds frequently. HAPs were identified in lagoon samples (methanol, acetaldehyde and MEK) and barn samples (methanol, acetaldehyde and 4-methylphenol) that were also classified as NMVOCs with significantly larger lagoon and barn emissions in comparison with other NMVOCs. The overall average lagoon fluxes and overall average normalized barn emissions for NMVOCs reported in this paper were used to estimate their North Carolina swine CAFO emissions. Of the NMVOCs, ethanol was estimated to have the largest North Carolina swine CAFO emission at 206,367 kg yr(-1). The barns were found to have higher emissions than the lagoons for all NMVOCs, contributing between 68.6 to similar to 100% of individual compounds estimated North Carolina swine CAFO emissions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rumsey, Ian C.; Aneja, Viney P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27595 USA. [Rumsey, Ian C.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Senior Environm Employment Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rumsey, IC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Senior Environm Employment Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rumsey.ian@epa.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture [NRI 2003-055360] FX Financial support for this research was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture as part of contract NRI 2003-055360. We thank the farm owner for his cooperation. We are grateful to the late Bob Seila of the U.S. EPA for his help with the statistical analysis and canister analysis. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Phillip Westerman, Dr. Joette Steger and Kristen James for their assistance. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 47 BP 348 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.055 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903XY UT WOS:000301157700039 ER PT J AU Luecken, DJ Hutzell, WT Strum, ML Pouliot, GA AF Luecken, D. J. Hutzell, W. T. Strum, M. L. Pouliot, G. A. TI Regional sources of atmospheric formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, and implications for atmospheric modeling SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Formaldehyde; Acetaldehyde; HAPs; Photochemical production; Isoprene ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; EMISSION REDUCTIONS; CHEMICAL MECHANISMS; GASOLINE VEHICLES; FOREST CANOPY; UNITED-STATES; AIR; ISOPRENE; CHEMISTRY AB Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations over the Eastern half of the United States are simulated with a 3-D air quality model to identify the most important chemical precursors under January and July conditions. We find that both aldehydes primarily result from photochemical production, although 25% or more result from direct emissions in urban areas during winter. Isoprene is the major precursor of formaldehyde in most areas during summer, contributing 20-60% of total production, with the magnitude being spatially variable. Other alkenes from anthropogenic and/or biogenic emissions dominate formaldehyde production in winter, contributing 60-85% of total formation, and are prominent contributors in summer. Alkenes, including biogenic alkenes, dominate acetaldehyde production during both seasons. These conclusions are based on the degradation of emitted VOCs described by the SAPRC07TB chemical mechanism, but even this detailed model has difficulty reproducing observed values better than a factor of 2. The substantial role of isoprene and other alkenes in aldehyde formation emphasizes that we examine and improve emission estimates of these compounds. Until we can estimate the emissions and understand the chemistry of VOC precursors to aldehyde formation with greater certainty, it will be difficult to accurately predict atmospheric concentrations of aldehydes and develop strategies to reduce their concentrations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Luecken, D. J.; Hutzell, W. T.; Strum, M. L.; Pouliot, G. A.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Luecken, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Drop E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM luecken.deborah@epa.gov OI Pouliot, George/0000-0003-3406-4814 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with our US EPA colleagues Ted Palma and Ying Xie, and with William Carter, who developed this SAPRC07TB mechanism. We greatly appreciate the numerous helpful suggestions from our internal and external reviewers, all of whom have helped focused the purpose of this manuscript and clarified the presentation. The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency administrative review and approved for publication. NR 67 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 11 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 47 BP 477 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.005 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903XY UT WOS:000301157700054 ER PT J AU Duvall, RM Norris, GA Burke, JM Olson, DA Vedantham, R Williams, R AF Duvall, Rachelle M. Norris, Gary A. Burke, Janet M. Olson, David A. Vedantham, Ram Williams, Ron TI Determining spatial variability in PM2.5 source impacts across Detroit, MI SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Particulate matter; Source apportionment; Chemical mass balance; Positive matrix factorization; DEARS; Detroit, MI ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; PM SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DAILY MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; FINE; EMISSIONS; AEROSOL; SAMPLER AB Intra-urban variability in air pollution source impacts was investigated using receptor modeling of daily speciated PM2.5 measurements collected at residential outdoor locations across Detroit, MI (Wayne County) as part of the Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS) during summer and winter from 2004 to 2006. Six areas were selected for the residential monitoring in the DEARS to capture impacts from different sources including local industry, motor vehicles, and upwind regional sources. PM2.5 measurements were also collected at the Allen Park, MI Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) site for comparison with the residential outdoor sites. Sources impacting PM2.5 were quantified using the EPA Chemical Mass Balance Model (CMB 8.2). Published source profiles were used as input to CMB along with a mixed industrial profile and a steel manufacturing profile obtained by applying the EPA Positive Matrix Factorization Model (PMF 4.0) to CSN data from a Midwestern U.S. site with industrial sources similar to Detroit. Major PM2.5 sources impacting the Allen Park and residential monitoring areas during DEARS included motor vehicles (24-36% by mass), secondary sulfate/coal combustion (17-35%), secondary nitrate (16-37%) and organic matter (17-21%). Road dust, steel manufacturing, and mixed industrial sources contributed less than 11% by mass. CMB source contribution estimates for Allen Park during the DEARS generally compared well to CMB estimates from the collocated year-long CSN measurements using the same source profiles. CMB source contributions during DEARS showed similar contributions across the residential monitoring areas for secondary sulfate/coal combustion and secondary nitrate consistent with regional impacts for these sources. Contributions from motor vehicles, steel manufacturing, and mixed industrial sources varied across the DEARS monitoring areas, indicating impacts from local sources within the Detroit airshed that may not be well characterized by the Allen Park monitoring location. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Duvall, Rachelle M.; Norris, Gary A.; Burke, Janet M.; Olson, David A.; Vedantham, Ram; Williams, Ron] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Duvall, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM duvall.rachelle@epa.gov; norris.gary@epa.gov; burke.janet@epa.gov; olson.david@epa.gov; vedantham.ram@epa.gov; williams.ronald@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [68-D-00-012, EP-D-04-068, 68-D-00-206, EP-05-D-065] FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and conducted the research described here under contract 68-D-00-012 (RTI International), EP-D-04-068 (Battelle Columbus Laboratory), 68-D-00-206 and EP-05-D-065 (Alion Science and Technology). It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 47 BP 491 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.071 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903XY UT WOS:000301157700055 ER PT J AU Kinsey, JS AF Kinsey, John S. TI Physical characterization of the fine particle emissions from commercial aircraft engines during the Aircraft Particle Emissions Experiment (APEX) 1 to 3 (vol 44, pg 2147, 2010) SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Correction C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kinsey, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MD E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kinsey.john@epa.gov RI Kinsey, John/A-8335-2009 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 47 BP 564 EP 564 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.048 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903XY UT WOS:000301157700065 ER PT J AU Glesner, J Wuenschmann, S Koid, A Mueller, GA Pedersen, LC Chapman, MD Pomes, A AF Glesner, J. Wuenschmann, S. Koid, A. Mueller, G. A. Pedersen, L. C. Chapman, M. D. Pomes, A. TI Monoclonal Antibodies for Defining Conformational Epitopes in Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology (AAAAI) CY MAR 02-06, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol (AAAAI) C1 [Glesner, J.; Wuenschmann, S.; Koid, A.; Chapman, M. D.; Pomes, A.] INDOOR Biotechnol Inc, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Mueller, G. A.; Pedersen, L. C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 129 IS 2 SU S BP AB233 EP AB233 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 903QL UT WOS:000301133401046 ER PT J AU Joyce, RA Glaser, DR Werkema, DD Atekwana, EA AF Joyce, Ryan A. Glaser, Danney R., II Werkema, D. Dale, Jr. Atekwana, Estella A. TI Spectral induced polarization response to nanoparticles in a saturated sand matrix SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Spectral Induced Polarization; Geoelectrical; Nano; Zero Valent Iron; Titanium Dioxide; Nano Silver ID VALENT IRON COLUMNS; CALCITE PRECIPITATION; ELECTRICAL SIGNATURES; COMPLEX CONDUCTIVITY; IONIC-STRENGTH; SHALY SANDS; IP; AGGREGATION; DISCRIMINATION; ENVIRONMENTS AB Nanoparticles have grown in importance over the last decade with significant consumer and industrial applications. Yet, the behavior (fate and transport) of nanoparticles in the environment is virtually unknown. Research is needed to identify, characterize, and monitor nanomaterials in the subsurface. Here, we investigate the spectral induced polarization (SIP) response of nanometallic powders (nZVI, nAg, nTiO(2), nZnO, and nCeO(2)) in porous geologic media. Our main objective is to determine the sensitivity of the SIP response (0.1-10,000 Hz) to the presence of nanoparticles (metals and metal oxides) in porous media. The SIP response was tested under various conditions: increasing particle concentration under constant solution chemistry; varying solution molarity (0.0 M-1.0 M), and varying solution valence (+ 1, + 2, + 3 valence) under constant particle volume. We examine the results in terms of phase shift and resistance magnitude. Our data suggest that the oxide nanoparticles do not show SIP responses to increasing particle concentration, solution valence, and molarity, while the metallic particles show a clear response to increasing particle concentration, and frequency. Silver was the only material to show any significant response to increasing solution molarity, valence, and frequency. Because of the high propensity of the nanoparticles to form aggregates, they essentially behave as colloidal and clay particles allowing us to apply conventional SIP theory to our interpretation. We suggest that the oxidation state of the metals diminishes their SIP response consistent with more recent studies that have documented that polarization decreases with oxidation of metallic particles. We infer from our results that nanoparticle crystalline composition and aggregation effects control the SIP response of nanoparticles in porous media. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Joyce, Ryan A.; Atekwana, Estella A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Boone Pickens Sch Geol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Glaser, Danney R., II; Werkema, D. Dale, Jr.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Atekwana, EA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Boone Pickens Sch Geol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM estella.atekwana@okstate.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development student services [EP09D000547, EP09D000553] FX This work was partially funded through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development student services contracts, EP09D000547 and EP09D000553. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for presentation, it may not necessarily reflect official agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by EPA for use. We thank Matt McGuire, Dalton Hawkins, and John Zimmerman for exceptional laboratory support. Two anonymous reviewers greatly improve the technical content of this paper and we appreciate their efforts. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9851 J9 J APPL GEOPHYS JI J. Appl. Geophys. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 77 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.11.009 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 903CD UT WOS:000301092600007 ER PT J AU Clarisse, O Lotufo, GR Hintelmann, H Best, EPH AF Clarisse, O. Lotufo, G. R. Hintelmann, H. Best, E. P. H. TI Biomonitoring and assessment of monomethylmercury exposure in aqueous systems using the DGT technique SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE DGT; Dissolved methylmercury exposure; Clam; (Bio)-monitoring; Bioaccumulation; Bioavailability ID MACOMA-BALTHICA; TRANSPLANTED MUSSELS; DIFFUSIVE GRADIENTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; MYTILUS-EDULIS; TRACE-METAL; METHYLMERCURY; MERCURY; SPECIATION; WATER AB A series of laboratory experiments was conducted under realistic environmental conditions to test the ability of the Diffusive Gradient in Thin film (DGT) technique to mimic monomethylmercury (MMHg) bioaccumulation by a clam (Macoma balthica, Baltic clam). Using isotope enriched MMHg as tracers, bioavailability was determined by comparing the rate of MMHg uptake by novel DGT devices and sentinel organism over time. Experiments were conducted under varying conditions of salinity and MMHg speciation. Depending on MMHg level and speciation in the dissolved phase, MMHg uptake rates by the sentinel organism varied greatly from 0.4 to 2.4 L g(-1) d(-1). Reproducibilities of MMHg uptakes by DGT and clams were estimated at 7 and 38%, respectively. A significant linear relationship (log basis) between MMHg accumulation by DGT and clams was observed (r(2) = 0.89). The study demonstrates that DGT results reasonably predict MMHg uptake by clams from the aqueous phase and provide the basis for application of the DGT device as a surrogate for sentinel organism for monitoring bioavailable MMHg. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Clarisse, O.] Univ Moncton, Dept Chim & Biochim, Moncton, NB E1A 3EP, Canada. [Clarisse, O.; Hintelmann, H.] Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Lotufo, G. R.; Best, E. P. H.] USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Best, E. P. H.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Clarisse, O (reprint author), Univ Moncton, Dept Chim & Biochim, Moncton, NB E1A 3EP, Canada. EM olivier.clarisse@umoncton.ca OI Hintelmann, Holger/0000-0002-5287-483X FU Long-Term Management Strategy FX This research was supported by the Long-Term Management Strategy, administered by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) San Francisco District, awarded for the project 'Comparison of accumulation of water- and sediment-associated mercury species in clams, fish, and DGT: DGT as a tool for environmental monitoring' to E.P.H.Best. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 71 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 416 BP 449 EP 454 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.077 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 903XE UT WOS:000301155200050 PM 22221872 ER PT J AU Judson, RS Martin, MT Egeghy, P Gangwal, S Reif, DM Kothiya, P Wolf, M Cathey, T Transue, T Smith, D Vail, J Frame, A Mosher, S Hubal, EAC Richard, AM AF Judson, Richard S. Martin, Matthew T. Egeghy, Peter Gangwal, Sumit Reif, David M. Kothiya, Parth Wolf, Maritja Cathey, Tommy Transue, Thomas Smith, Doris Vail, James Frame, Alicia Mosher, Shad Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen Richard, Ann M. TI Aggregating Data for Computational Toxicology Applications: The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Aggregated Computational Toxicology Resource (ACToR) System SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE computational toxicology; database; hazard; exposure; high-throughput screening; ACToR; ToxCastDB; ExpoCastDB; ToxRefDB; DSSTox ID COMPARATIVE TOXICOGENOMICS DATABASE; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; HEALTH; KNOWLEDGEBASE; POLLUTANTS; EXPOSURES; CHEMICALS; NETWORKS; NEED AB Computational toxicology combines data from high-throughput test methods, chemical structure analyses and other biological domains (e. g., genes, proteins, cells, tissues) with the goals of predicting and understanding the underlying mechanistic causes of chemical toxicity and for predicting toxicity of new chemicals and products. A key feature of such approaches is their reliance on knowledge extracted from large collections of data and data sets in computable formats. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a large data resource called ACToR (Aggregated Computational Toxicology Resource) to support these data-intensive efforts. ACToR comprises four main repositories: core ACToR (chemical identifiers and structures, and summary data on hazard, exposure, use, and other domains), ToxRefDB (Toxicity Reference Database, a compilation of detailed in vivo toxicity data from guideline studies), ExpoCastDB (detailed human exposure data from observational studies of selected chemicals), and ToxCastDB (data from high-throughput screening programs, including links to underlying biological information related to genes and pathways). The EPA DSSTox (Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity) program provides expert-reviewed chemical structures and associated information for these and other high-interest public inventories. Overall, the ACToR system contains information on about 400,000 chemicals from 1100 different sources. The entire system is built using open source tools and is freely available to download. This review describes the organization of the data repository and provides selected examples of use cases. C1 [Judson, Richard S.; Martin, Matthew T.; Gangwal, Sumit; Reif, David M.; Kothiya, Parth; Smith, Doris; Vail, James; Frame, Alicia; Mosher, Shad; Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen; Richard, Ann M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Egeghy, Peter] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wolf, Maritja; Cathey, Tommy; Transue, Thomas] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Judson, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM judson.richard@epa.gov; martin.matt@epa.gov; egeghy.peter@epa.gov; sumitgangwal@gmail.com; reif.david@epa.gov; kothiya.parth@epa.gov; maritja.a.wolf@lmco.com; thomas.r.transue@lmco.com; tommy.cathey@lmco.com; smith.doris@epa.gov; vail.james@epa.gov; frame.alicia@epa.gov; mosher.shad@epa.gov; hubal.elaine@epa.gov; richard.ann@epa.gov RI Martin, Matthew/A-1982-2013; OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-8096-9908; Kothiya, Parth/0000-0002-5495-9597; Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633; Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767 FU U.S. EPA FX All funding for this project is provided by the U.S. EPA. NR 44 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 34 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-6596 J9 INT J MOL SCI JI Int. J. Mol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 13 IS 2 BP 1805 EP 1831 DI 10.3390/ijms13021805 PG 27 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 898DM UT WOS:000300715700037 PM 22408426 ER PT J AU Sather, ME Cavender, K AF Sather, Mark E. Cavender, Kevin TI Update of long-term trends analysis of ambient 8-hour ozone and precursor monitoring data in the South Central U.S.; encouraging news SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS; URBAN AREAS; HOUSTON; AIR; VARIABILITY AB In the South Central U.S., lower tropospheric ozone pollution continues to be a challenging problem. This paper provides an update on long-term trends analyses of the ambient ozone and precursor monitoring data collected over the past 25 years (1986-2010) in four South Central U. S. cities, following up on a previous published review of 20 year trends (M. E. Sather and K. Cavender, J. Environ. Monit., 2007, 9, 143-150). The results of these analyses should be useful to air quality scientists, managers, planners, and modelers in assessing the effectiveness of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) pollution controls for ambient ozone concentration reduction programs. Large amounts of quantitative information for each South Central U. S. city are concisely synthesized into one graphic per city. Results reported in this paper show significant long-term decreases in ambient ozone and precursor concentrations in all four South Central U. S. cities, especially over the recent five-year period 2006-2010. C1 [Sather, Mark E.] US EPA Reg 6, Air Qual Anal Sect, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. [Cavender, Kevin] US EPA, Air Qual Assessment Div, Off Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sather, ME (reprint author), US EPA Reg 6, Air Qual Anal Sect, 1445 Ross Ave, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 14 IS 2 BP 666 EP 676 DI 10.1039/c2em10862c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 885QT UT WOS:000299794900040 PM 22222255 ER PT J AU Ponnoth, DS Nayeem, MA Kunduri, SS Tilley, SL Zeldin, DC Ledent, C Mustafa, SJ AF Ponnoth, Dovenia S. Nayeem, Mohammed A. Kunduri, Swati S. Tilley, Stephen L. Zeldin, Darryl C. Ledent, Catherine Mustafa, S. Jamal TI Role of omega-hydroxylase in adenosine-mediated aortic response through MAP kinase using A(2A)-receptor knockout mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adenosine receptors; relaxation; contraction; cytochrome p4504a; extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 kinases ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASES; BOVINE CORONARY-ARTERIES; 20-HYDROXYEICOSATETRAENOIC ACID; RESISTANCE ARTERIES; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; CYP EPOXYGENASES; A(3) RECEPTORS; A(1) RECEPTOR; VASCULAR-TONE AB Ponnoth DS, Nayeem MA, Kunduri SS, Tilley SL, Zeldin DC, Ledent C, Mustafa SJ. Role of omega-hydroxylase in adenosine-mediated aortic response through MAP kinase using A(2A) receptor knockout mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 302: R400-R408, 2012. First published December 7, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00481.2011.-Previously, we have shown that A(2A) adenosine receptor (A(2A)AR) knockout mice (KO) have increased contraction to adenosine. The signaling mechanism(s) for A(2A)AR is still not fully understood. In this study, we hypothesize that, in the absence of A(2A)AR, omega-hydroxylase (Cyp4a) induces vasoconstriction through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) via upregulation of adenosine A(1) receptor (A(1)AR) and protein kinase C (PKC). Organ bath and Western blot experiments were done using isolated aorta from A(2A)KO and corresponding wild-type (WT) mice. Isolated aortic rings from WT and A(2A)KO mice were precontracted with submaximal dose of phenylephrine (10(-6) M), and concentration responses for selective A(1)AR, A(2A)AR agonists, angiotensin II and cytochrome P-450-epoxygenase, 20-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (20-HETE) PKC, PKC-alpha, and ERK1/2 inhibitors were obtained. 2-p-(2-Carboxyethyl)-phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine hydrochloride (CGS-21680, A(2A)AR agonist) induced concentration-dependent relaxation in WT, which was blocked by methylsulfonyl-propargyloxyphenylhexanamide (cytochrome P-450-epoxygenase inhibitor; 10(-5) M) and also with removal of endothelium. A(1) agonist, 2-chloro-N-6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA) produced higher contraction in A(2A)KO aorta than WT (49.2 +/- 8.5 vs. 27 +/- 5.9% at 10(-6) M, P < 0.05). 20-HETE produced higher contraction in A(2A)KO than WT (50.6 +/- 8.8 vs. 21.1 +/- 3.3% at 10(-7) M, P < 0.05). Contraction to CCPA in WT and A(2A)KO aorta was inhibited by PD-98059 (p42/p44 MAPK inhibitor; 10(-6) M), chelerythrine chloride (nonselective PKC blocker; 10(-6) M), Go-6976 (selective PKC-alpha inhibitor; 10(-7) M), and HET0016 (20-HETE inhibitor; 10(-5) M). Also, contraction to 20-HETE in WT and A(2A)KO aorta was inhibited by PD-98059 and Go-6976. Western blot analysis indicated the upregulation of A(1)AR, Cyp4a, PKC-alpha, and phosphorylated-ERK1/2 in A(2A)KO compared with WT (P < 0.05), while expression of Cyp2c29 was significantly higher in WT. CCPA (10(-6) M) increased the protein expression of PKC-alpha and phosphorylated-ERK1/2, while HET0016 significantly reduced the CCPA-induced increase in expression of these proteins. These data suggest that, in the absence of A(2A)AR, Cyp4a induces vasoconstriction through MAPK via upregulation of A(1)AR and PKC-alpha. C1 [Mustafa, S. Jamal] W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Ctr Cardiovasc & Resp Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Tilley, Stephen L.] Univ N Carolina, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Ledent, Catherine] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. RP Mustafa, SJ (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Ctr Cardiovasc & Resp Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM sjmustafa@hsc.wvu.edu RI Nayeem, Mohammed/A-3949-2017 OI Nayeem, Mohammed/0000-0002-7827-4760 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL-027339, HL-094447, HL-071802]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES025034] FX This work was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grants HL-027339, HL-094447 (S. J. Mustafa), and HL-071802 (S. L. Tilley), and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Z01 ES025034 (D. C. Zeldin). NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 302 IS 4 BP R400 EP R408 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00481.2011 PG 9 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 898JH UT WOS:000300738200002 PM 22160543 ER PT J AU Devine, PJ Perreault, SD Luderer, U AF Devine, Patrick J. Perreault, Sally D. Luderer, Ulrike TI Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Ovarian Toxicity SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Review DE follicle; oocyte; ovary; oxidative stress; toxicology ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; HYDROPEROXIDE GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; TRANSPEPTIDASE-DEFICIENT MICE; DIEPOXIDE-INDUCED OVOTOXICITY; MOUSE PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYO; PREOVULATORY RAT FOLLICLES; CHILDHOOD-CANCER SURVIVOR; MATURING HAMSTER OOCYTES; ASCORBIC-ACID TRANSPORT AB Proper functioning of the ovary is critical to maintain fertility and overall health, and ovarian function depends on the maintenance and normal development of ovarian follicles. This review presents evidence about the potential impact of oxidative stress on the well-being of primordial, growing and preovulatory follicles, as well as oocytes and early embryos, examining cell types and molecular targets. Limited data from genetically modified mouse models suggest that several antioxidant enzymes that protect cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play important roles in follicular development and/or survival. Exposures to agents known to cause oxidative stress, such as gamma irradiation, chemotherapeutic drugs, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, induce rapid primordial follicle loss; however, the mechanistic role of ROS has received limited attention. In contrast, ROS may play an important role in the initiation of apoptosis in antral follicles. Depletion of glutathione leads to atresia of antral follicles in vivo and apoptosis of granulosa cells in cultured antral follicles. Chemicals, such as cyclophosphamide, dimethylbenzanthracene, and methoxychlor, increase proapoptotic signals, preceded by increased ROS and signs of oxidative stress, and cotreatment with antioxidants is protective. In oocytes, glutathione levels change rapidly during progression of meiosis and early embryonic development, and high oocyte glutathione at the time of fertilization is required for male pronucleus formation and for embryonic development to the blastocyst stage. Because current evidence suggests that oxidative stress can have significant negative impacts on female fertility and gamete health, dietary or pharmacological intervention may prove to be effective strategies to protect female fertility. C1 [Devine, Patrick J.] Novartis Inst BioMed Res, Cambridge, MA USA. [Perreault, Sally D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Luderer, Ulrike] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Occupat & Environm Med, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Luderer, Ulrike] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Biol Sci, Dept Dev & Cell Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Luderer, Ulrike] Univ Calif Irvine, Program Publ Hlth, Irvine, CA USA. RP Luderer, U (reprint author), Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, 5201 Calif Ave,Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. EM uluderer@uci.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [AG032087, ES10963]; National Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC); Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) FX Supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants AG032087 and ES10963 to U.L. and National Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) and Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) grants to P.J.D. NR 126 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 34 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 86 IS 2 AR 27 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.111.095224 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 897BS UT WOS:000300616700002 PM 22034525 ER PT J AU Mutlu, E Jeong, YC Collins, LB Ham, AJL Upton, PB Hatch, G Winsett, D Evansky, P Swenberg, JA AF Mutlu, Esra Jeong, Yo-Chan Collins, Leonard B. Ham, Amy-Joan L. Upton, Patricia B. Hatch, Gary Winsett, Darrell Evansky, Paul Swenberg, James A. TI A New LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Endogenous and Vinyl Chloride-Induced 7-(2-Oxoethyl)Guanine in Sprague-Dawley Rats SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXOCYCLIC DNA-ADDUCTS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VITRO; MOLECULAR DOSIMETRY; ALKYLATING-AGENTS; BASE ADDUCTS; HUMAN LIVER; EXPOSURE; DAMAGE AB Vinyl chloride (VC) is an industrial chemical that is known to be carcinogenic to animals and humans. VC primarily induces hepatic angiosarcomas following high exposures (>= 50 ppm). VC is also found in Superfund sites at ppb concentrations as a result of microbial metabolism of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene. Here, we report a new sensitive LC-MS/MS method to analyze the major DNA adduct formed by VC, 7-(2-oxoethylguanine) (7-OEG). We used this method to analyze tissue DNA from both adult and weanling rats exposed to 1100 ppm [C-13(2)]-VC for 5 days. After neutral thermal hydrolysis, 7-OEG was derivatized with O-t-butyl hydroxylamine to an oxime adduct, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. The limit of detection was 1 fmol, and the limit of quantitation was 1.5 fmol on the column. The use of stable isotope VC allowed us to demonstrate for the first time that endogenous 7-OEG was present in tissue DNA. We hypothesized that endogenous 7-OEG was formed from lipid peroxidation and demonstrated the formation of [C-13(2)]-7-OEG from the reaction of calf thymus DNA with [C-13(18)]-ethyl linoleate (EtLa) under peroxidizing conditions. The concentrations of endogenous 7-OEG in liver, lung, kidney, spleen, testis, and brain DNA from adult and weanling rats typically ranged from 1.0 to 10.0 adducts per 10(6) guanine. The exogenous 7-OEG in liver DNA from adult rats exposed to 1100 ppm [C-13(2)]-VC for 5 days was 104.0 +/- 23.0 adducts per 10(6) guanine (n = 4), while concentrations in other tissues ranged from 1.0 to 39.0 adducts per 10(6) guanine (n = 4). Although endogenous concentrations of 7-OEG in tissues in weanling rats were similar to those of adult rats, exogenous [C-13(2)]-7-OEG concentrations were higher in weanlings, averaging 300 adducts per 10(6) guanine in liver. Studies on the persistence of [C-13(2)]-7-OEG in adult rats sacrificed 2, 4, and 8 weeks postexposure to [C-13(2)]-VC demonstrated a half-life of 7-OEG of 4 days in both liver and lung. C1 [Mutlu, Esra; Jeong, Yo-Chan; Collins, Leonard B.; Upton, Patricia B.; Swenberg, James A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Mutlu, Esra; Swenberg, James A.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Ham, Amy-Joan L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biochem, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Hatch, Gary; Winsett, Darrell; Evansky, Paul] US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Swenberg, JA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jswenber@email.unc.edu FU NIH [R42-ES0011746, T32-ES07126, P30-ES10126] FX We acknowledge financial support from NIH Grants R42-ES0011746, T32-ES07126, and P30-ES10126. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 25 IS 2 BP 391 EP 399 DI 10.1021/tx200447w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 895BD UT WOS:000300470300016 PM 22211352 ER PT J AU Cook, B Zeng, N Yoon, JH AF Cook, Brian Zeng, Ning Yoon, Jin-Ho TI Will Amazonia Dry Out? Magnitude and Causes of Change from IPCC Climate Model Projections SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Amazonia; Drought ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; RAIN-FOREST; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; CO2 EMISSIONS; PRECIPITATION; DROUGHT; CYCLE; RESPONSES AB The Amazon rain forest may undergo significant change in response to future climate change. To determine the likelihood and causes of such changes, the authors analyzed the output of 24 models from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) and a dynamic vegetation model, Vegetation-Global-Atmosphere-Soil (VEGAS), driven by these climate output. Their results suggest that the core of the Amazon rain forest should remain largely stable because rainfall in the core of the basin is projected to increase in nearly all models. However, the periphery, notably the southern edge of Amazonia and farther south into central Brazil (SAB), is in danger of drying out, driven by two main processes. First, a decline in precipitation of 11% during the southern Amazonia's dry season (May-September) reduces soil moisture. Two dynamical mechanisms may explain the forecast reduction in dry season rainfall: 1) a general subtropical drying under global warming when the dry season southern Amazon basin is under the control of subtropical high pressure and 2) a stronger north-south tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature gradient and, to a lesser degree, a warmer eastern equatorial Pacific. The drying corresponds to a lengthening of the dry season by approximately 10 days. The decline in soil moisture occurs despite an increase in precipitation during the wet season, because of nonlinear responses in hydrology associated with the decline in dry season precipitation, ecosystem dynamics, and an increase in evaporative demand due to the general warming. In terms of ecosystem response, higher maintenance cost and reduced productivity under warming may also have additional adverse impact. Although the IPCC models have substantial intermodel variation in precipitation change, these latter two hydroecological effects are highly robust because of the general warming simulated by all models. As a result, when forced by these climate projections, a dynamic vegetation model VEGAS projects an enhancement of fire risk by 20%-30% in the SAB region. Fire danger reaches its peak in Amazonia during the dry season, and this danger is expected to increase primarily because of the reduction in soil moisture and the decrease in dry season rainfall. VEGAS also projects a reduction of about 0.77 in leaf area index (LAI) over the SAB region. The vegetation response may be partially mediated by the CO2 fertilization effect, because a sensitivity experiment without CO2 fertilization shows a higher 0.89 decrease in LAI. Southern Amazonia is currently under intense human influence as a result of deforestation and land-use change. Should this direct human impact continue at present rates, added pressure to the region's ecosystems from climate change may subject the region to profound changes in the twenty-first century. C1 [Cook, Brian; Zeng, Ning; Yoon, Jin-Ho] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cook, Brian] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Zeng, Ning; Yoon, Jin-Ho] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yoon, Jin-Ho] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zeng, N (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM zeng@atmos.umd.edu RI Zeng, Ning/A-3130-2008; YOON, JIN-HO/A-1672-2009 OI Zeng, Ning/0000-0002-7489-7629; YOON, JIN-HO/0000-0002-4939-8078 FU NSF [ATM0739677, TG-ATM110014]; NOAA [NA04OAR4310091, NA04OAR4310114]; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLP1830] FX We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), and the WCRP Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset. We thank J. D. Neelin, V. Brovkin, and K. Cook for discussion. Comments from Dr. Maoyi Huang at PNNL were greatly appreciated. This research was supported by NSF Grant ATM0739677 and NOAA Grants NA04OAR4310091 and NA04OAR4310114. Computation was in part performed at TeraGrid resources supported by National Science Foundation under Grant TG-ATM110014. Also, this research is partially supported by NOAA/Climate Prediction Programs for the Americas (CPPA) to PNNL. PNNL is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC06-76RLP1830. NR 71 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 63 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 16 AR 3 DI 10.1175/2011EI398.1 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 897AU UT WOS:000300613800001 ER PT J AU Purushotham, A Xu, Q Li, XL AF Purushotham, Aparna Xu, Qing Li, Xiaoling TI Systemic SIRT1 insufficiency results in disruption of energy homeostasis and steroid hormone metabolism upon high-fat-diet feeding SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sirtuin; oxidative stress; GL/FFA cycle; phospholipid/lysolipid; testosterone ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; HEPATIC GENE-EXPRESSION; PANCREATIC BETA-CELLS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE-HOMEOSTASIS; MAMMALIAN SIRTUINS; CIRCADIAN CONTROL; LIPID-METABOLISM; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; DISEASE AB SIRT1 is a highly-conserved NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase that plays essential roles in the regulation of energy metabolism, genomic stability, and stress response. Although the functions of SIRT1 in many organs have been extensively studied in tissue-specific knockout mouse models, the systemic role of SIRT1 is still largely unknown as a result of severe developmental defects that result from whole-body knockout in mice. Here, we investigated the systemic functions of SIRT1 in metabolic homeostasis by utilizing a whole-body SIRT1 heterozygous mouse model. These mice are phenotypically normal under standard feeding conditions. However, when chronically challenged with a 40% fat diet, they become obese and insulin resistant, display increased serum cytokine levels, and develop hepatomegaly. Hepatic metabolomic analyses revealed that SIRT1 heterozygous mice have elevated gluconeogenesis and oxidative stress. Surprisingly, they are depleted of glycerolipid metabolites and free fatty acids, yet accumulate lysolipids. Moreover, high-fat feeding induces elevation of serum testosterone levels and enlargement of seminal vesicles in SIRT1 heterozygous males. Microarray analysis of liver mRNA indicates that they have altered expression of genes involved in steroid metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism. Taken together, our findings indicate that SIRT1 plays a vital role in the regulation of systemic energy and steroid hormone homeostasis.-Purushotham, A., Xu, Q., Li, X. Systemic SIRT1 insufficiency results in disruption of energy homeostasis and steroid hormone metabolism upon high-fat-diet feeding. FASEB J. 26, 656-667 (2012). www.fasebj.org C1 [Purushotham, Aparna; Xu, Qing; Li, Xiaoling] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Li, XL (reprint author), 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM lix3@niehs.nih.gov FU U.S. National Institutes of Health, NIEHS [Z01 ES102205] FX The authors thank Drs. Anton Jetten, Stephen Shears, John Cidlowski, and members of the X. L. laboratory for critical reading of the manuscript, and Dr. Michael W. McBurney (University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada) for providing the SIRT1-null allele. The authors also thank the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Laboratory of Experimental Pathology for histological staining and serum hormone ELISA; the NIEHS microarray facility for performing the microarray experiments, and Liwen Liu for analyzing the microarray data. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, NIEHS to X. L. (Z01 ES102205). NR 65 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 13 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 26 IS 2 BP 656 EP 667 DI 10.1096/fj.11-195172 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 895HA UT WOS:000300485700018 PM 22006157 ER PT J AU Mehan, GT Kline, I AF Mehan, G. Tracy, III Kline, Ian TI Pricing as a demand-side management tool: Implications for water policy and governance SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 [Mehan, G. Tracy, III] Cadmus Grp, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Mehan, G. Tracy, III] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Kline, Ian] Cadmus Grp, Watertown, MA USA. RP Mehan, GT (reprint author), Cadmus Grp, 1555 Wilson Blvd,Ste 710, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. EM tracy.mehan@cadmusgroup.com NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 2164-4535 J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 104 IS 2 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.5942/jawwa.2012.104.0011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 896EE UT WOS:000300547400017 ER PT J AU McMinn, BR Cashdollar, JL Grimm, AC Fout, GS AF McMinn, Brian R. Cashdollar, Jennifer L. Grimm, Ann C. Fout, G. Shay TI Evaluation of the celite secondary concentration procedure and an alternate elution buffer for the recovery of enteric adenoviruses 40 and 41 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Adenovirus 40 and 41; Organic flocculation; Celite concentration ID REAL-TIME PCR; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; 2ND-STEP CONCENTRATION; DRINKING-WATER; WASTE-WATER; ENTEROVIRUSES; FLOCCULATION; NOROVIRUSES AB The effective recovery of adenovirus from water is a critical first step in developing a virus occurrence method able to provide accurate data for risk assessments and other applications. During virus concentration, electropositive filters are typically eluted with beef extract, undergo secondary concentration using either an organic flocculation or polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation technique and are ultimately resuspended in sodium phosphate buffer. In this study, an alternative secondary concentration procedure using celite was optimized by identifying the optimal celite and elution buffer to use. Two elution buffers, sodium phosphate and 1x PBS, were evaluated for their impact on real-time PCR. Sodium phosphate produced high levels of PCR inhibition compared to 1x PBS and so 1x PBS was used in subsequent experiments. The two secondary concentration techniques that were tested with adenovirus 40 and 41 gave recoveries of 69% and 65% for the optimized celite method and 75% and 109% for the organic flocculation method, respectively. Fine particle, calcinated celites in combination with 1x PBS elution buffer were shown to be effective at concentrating adenovirus 40 and 41 during secondary concentration and their subsequent detection using PCR. Heat extraction efficiencies were compared to samples processed using a DNA extraction kit to address possible virus aggregation issues. Samples processed through DNA extraction were found to produce realistic adenovirus recoveries compared to exaggerated recoveries using heat extraction. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McMinn, Brian R.; Cashdollar, Jennifer L.; Grimm, Ann C.; Fout, G. Shay] US EPA, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, Microbial & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Exposure Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP McMinn, BR (reprint author), US EPA, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, Microbial & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Exposure Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, 26 Martin Luther King Dr,MS-587, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM mcminn.brian@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD FEB PY 2012 VL 179 IS 2 BP 423 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.11.017 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 895ZX UT WOS:000300536300021 PM 22138439 ER PT J AU Fann, N Roman, HA Fulcher, CM Gentile, MA Hubbell, BJ Wesson, K Levy, JI AF Fann, Neal Roman, Henry A. Fulcher, Charles M. Gentile, Mikael A. Hubbell, Bryan J. Wesson, Karen Levy, Jonathan I. TI Why Income Inequality Indexes Do Not Apply to Health Risks Response SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Letter ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; EXPECTANCY; CITIES C1 [Fann, Neal; Fulcher, Charles M.; Hubbell, Bryan J.; Wesson, Karen] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Roman, Henry A.; Gentile, Mikael A.] Ind Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. [Levy, Jonathan I.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Fann, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Levy, Jon/B-4542-2011 OI Levy, Jon/0000-0002-1116-4006 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 197 EP 199 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01758.x PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 897QE UT WOS:000300668000004 ER PT J AU Tornero-Velez, R Egeghy, PP Hubal, EAC AF Tornero-Velez, Rogelio Egeghy, Peter P. Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen TI Biogeographical Analysis of Chemical Co-Occurrence Data to Identify Priorities for Mixtures Research SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Chemical co-occurrence; mixtures ID SYNERGY AB A challenge with multiple chemical risk assessment is the need to consider the joint behavior of chemicals in mixtures. To address this need, pharmacologists and toxicologists have developed methods over the years to evaluate and test chemical interaction. In practice, however, testing of chemical interaction more often comprises ad hoc binary combinations and rarely examines higher order combinations. One explanation for this practice is the belief that there are simply too many possible combinations of chemicals to consider. Indeed, under stochastic conditions the possible number of chemical combinations scales geometrically as the pool of chemicals increases. However, the occurrence of chemicals in the environment is determined by factors, economic in part, which favor some chemicals over others. We investigate methods from the field of biogeography, originally developed to study avian species co-occurrence patterns, and adapt these approaches to examine chemical co-occurrence. These methods were applied to a national survey of pesticide residues in 168 child care centers from across the country. Our findings show that pesticide co-occurrence in the child care center was not random but highly structured, leading to the co-occurrence of specific pesticide combinations. Thus, ecological studies of species co-occurrence parallel the issue of chemical co-occurrence at specific locations. Both are driven by processes that introduce structure in the pattern of co-occurrence. We conclude that the biogeographical tools used to determine when this structure occurs in ecological studies are relevant to evaluations of pesticide mixtures for exposure and risk assessment. C1 [Tornero-Velez, Rogelio; Egeghy, Peter P.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Tornero-Velez, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mail Drop E205-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM tornero-velez.rogelio@epa.gov OI Egeghy, Peter/0000-0002-1727-0766 FU MOBIS [23F-8144H, 68-D-99-011] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under MOBIS contract 23F-8144H to Westat and contract 68-D-99-011 to Battelle Memorial Institute. It has been subjected to Agency administrative review and approved for publication. This does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors are grateful to Stephanie Trebes, who participated through the EPA Student Volunteer Program, with help in checking computer algorithms. Earlier versions of this article benefited from the comments of Dr. John Wambaugh and Dr. Michael Breen. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 224 EP 236 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01658.x PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 897QE UT WOS:000300668000008 PM 21801190 ER PT J AU Siikamaki, J Newbold, SC AF Siikamaeki, Juha Newbold, Stephen C. TI Potential Biodiversity Benefits from International Programs to Reduce Carbon Emissions from Deforestation SO AMBIO LA English DT Article DE Forests; Carbon; Biodiversity; Conservation; REDD; Priorities ID CONSERVATION PRIORITIES; GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY; WORLDS; FORESTS; ECOREGIONS; BIOMASS; MAP AB Deforestation is the second largest anthropogenic source of carbon dioxide emissions and options for its reduction are integral to climate policy. In addition to providing potentially low cost and near-term options for reducing global carbon emissions, reducing deforestation also could support biodiversity conservation. However, current understanding of the potential benefits to biodiversity from forest carbon offset programs is limited. We compile spatial data on global forest carbon, biodiversity, deforestation rates, and the opportunity cost of land to examine biodiversity conservation benefits from an international program to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation. Our results indicate limited geographic overlap between the least-cost areas for retaining forest carbon and protecting biodiversity. Therefore, carbon-focused policies will likely generate substantially lower benefits to biodiversity than a more biodiversity-focused policy could achieve. These results highlight the need to systematically consider co-benefits, such as biodiversity in the design and implementation of forest conservation programs to support international climate policy. C1 [Siikamaeki, Juha] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Newbold, Stephen C.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Siikamaki, J (reprint author), Resources Future Inc, 1616 P St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM juha@rff.org; newbold.steve@epa.gov FU Mistra Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Mistra Foundation's Climate Policy Research Program (Clipore). Thanks also to two anonymous referees for valuable comments. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD FEB PY 2012 VL 41 SU 1 BP 78 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s13280-011-0243-4 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 892IB UT WOS:000300278800009 PM 22307280 ER PT J AU Converse, RR Griffith, JF Noble, RT Haugland, RA Schiff, KC Weisberg, SB AF Converse, Reagan R. Griffith, John F. Noble, Rachel T. Haugland, Richard A. Schiff, Kenneth C. Weisberg, Stephen B. TI Correlation between Quantitative PCR and Culture-Based Methods for Measuring Enterococcus spp. over Various Temporal Scales at Three California Marine Beaches SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; RAPIDLY MEASURED INDICATORS; GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; FECAL CONTAMINATION; NONPOINT-SOURCE; FRESH-WATER; QUANTIFICATION; SEAWATER AB Several studies have examined how fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) measurements compare between quantitative PCR (qPCR) and the culture methods it is intended to replace. Here, we extend those studies by examining the stability of that relationship within a beach, as affected by time of day and seasonal variations in source. Enterococcus spp. were quantified at three southern California beaches in the morning and afternoon using two qPCR assays, membrane filtration, and defined-substrate testing. While qPCR and culture-based measurements were consistently and significantly correlated, strength of the correlation varied both among and within beaches. Correlations were higher in the morning (0.45 < p < 0.74 [P < 0.002]) than in the afternoon (0.18 < p < 0.45 [P < 0.021]) and higher when the fecal contamination was concentrated (0.38 < p < 0.83 [P < 0.001]) than when it was diffuse (0.19 < p < 0.34 [P < 0.003]). The ratios of culture-based and qPCR results (CFU or most probable number WPM per calibrator cell equivalents [CCE]) also varied spatially and temporally. Ratios ranged between 0.04 and 0.85 CFU or MPN per CCE and were lowest at the beach affected by diffuse pollution. Patterns in the ratios over the course of the day were dissimilar across beaches, increasing with time at one beach and decreasing at another. The spatial and temporal variability we observed indicate that the empirical relationship between culture-based and qPCR results is not universal, even within a beach. C1 [Converse, Reagan R.; Noble, Rachel T.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC USA. [Griffith, John F.; Schiff, Kenneth C.; Weisberg, Stephen B.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [Haugland, Richard A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Converse, RR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC USA. EM converse.reagan@epa.gov RI Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008; Griffith, John/B-6110-2011 OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425; Griffith, John/0000-0002-9542-6519 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Science; U.S. EPA Office of Water; State of California Water Resources Control Board; City of Dana Point FX This project was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Science, U.S. EPA Office of Water, State of California Water Resources Control Board, and the City of Dana Point. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1237 EP 1242 DI 10.1128/AEM.07136-11 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 887HX UT WOS:000299918600039 PM 22179252 ER PT J AU Barry, KH Koutros, S Andreotti, G Sandler, DP Burdette, LA Yeager, M Freeman, LEB Lubin, JH Ma, XM Zheng, TZ Alavanja, MCR Berndt, SI AF Barry, Kathryn Hughes Koutros, Stella Andreotti, Gabriella Sandler, Dale P. Burdette, Laurie A. Yeager, Meredith Freeman, Laura E. Beane Lubin, Jay H. Ma, Xiaomei Zheng, Tongzhang Alavanja, Michael C. R. Berndt, Sonja I. TI Genetic variation in nucleotide excision repair pathway genes, pesticide exposure and prostate cancer risk SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL HEALTH; DNA-DAMAGE; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; WORKERS; ASSOCIATION; CELLS; POLYMORPHISMS; LYMPHOCYTES; APPLICATORS; CARBOFURAN AB Previous research demonstrates increased prostate cancer risk for pesticide applicators and pesticide manufacturing workers. Although underlying mechanisms are unknown, human biomonitoring studies indicate increased genetic damage (e.g. chromosomal aberrations) with pesticide exposure. Given that the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway repairs a broad range of DNA damage, we evaluated interactions between pesticide exposure and 324 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tagging 27 NER genes among 776 prostate cancer cases and 1444 male controls in a nested case-control study of white Agricultural Health Study pesticide applicators. We determined interaction P values using likelihood ratio tests from logistic regression models and three-level pesticide variables (none/low/high) based on lifetime days of use weighted to an intensity score. We adjusted for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate (FDR) method. Of the 17 interactions that met FDR < 0.2, 3 displayed a monotonic increase in prostate cancer risk with increasing exposure in one genotype group and no significant association in the other group. Men carrying the variant A allele at ERCC1 rs2298881 exhibited increased prostate cancer risk with high versus no fonofos use [odds ratio (OR) 2.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65-5.39; P-interact = 3.6 x 10(-4); FDR-adjusted P = 0.11]. Men carrying the homozygous wild-type TT genotype at two correlated CDK7 SNPs, rs11744596 and rs2932778 (r(2) = 1.0), exhibited increased risk with high versus no carbofuran use (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.31-3.10 for rs11744596; P-interact = 7.2 x 10(-4); FDR-adjusted P = 0.09). In contrast, we did not observe associations among men with other genotypes at these loci. While requiring replication, our findings suggest a role for NER genetic variation in pesticide-associated prostate cancer risk. C1 [Barry, Kathryn Hughes] NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Barry, Kathryn Hughes; Ma, Xiaomei] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Chron Dis Epidemiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Sandler, Dale P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Burdette, Laurie A.; Yeager, Meredith] NCI, Core Genotyping Facil, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Zheng, Tongzhang] Yale Univ, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Barry, KH (reprint author), NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 8111,MSC 7240, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM barrykh@mail.nih.gov RI Beane Freeman, Laura/C-4468-2015; OI Beane Freeman, Laura/0000-0003-1294-4124; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU National Institutes of Health (National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics) [Z01CP010119]; National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) [Z01ES049030]; National Institutes of Health (National Cancer Institute) [T32 CA105666] FX National Institutes of Health (Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Z01CP010119; Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Z01ES049030 and National Cancer Institute grant T32 CA105666 to K.H.B.). NR 49 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD FEB PY 2012 VL 33 IS 2 BP 331 EP 337 DI 10.1093/carcin/bgr258 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 888YF UT WOS:000300039800013 PM 22102698 ER PT J AU Cheng, WY Currier, J Bromberg, PA Silbajoris, R Simmons, SO Samet, JM AF Cheng, Wan-Yun Currier, Jenna Bromberg, Philip A. Silbajoris, Robert Simmons, Steven O. Samet, James M. TI Linking Oxidative Events to Inflammatory and Adaptive Gene Expression Induced by Exposure to an Organic Particulate Matter Component SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE confocal microscopy; hydrogen peroxide; mitochondrial dysfunction; oxidative stress; quinones; reactive oxygen species; real-time imaging; ROS ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION; COVALENT MODIFICATION; PROTEIN; 1,2-NAPHTHOQUINONE; STRESS; TOXICITY; QUINONES; ACTIVATION AB BACKGROUND: Toxicological studies have correlated inflammatory effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) with its organic constituents, such as the organic electrophile 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ). OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the mechanisms involved in 1,2-NQ induced inflammatory responses, we examined the role of oxidant stress in 1,2-NQ induced expression of inflammatory and adaptive genes in a human airway epithelial cell line. METHODS: We measured cytosolic redox status and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in living cells using the genetically encoded green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based fluorescent indicators roGFP2 and HyPer, respectively. Expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA was measured in BEAS-2B cells exposed to 1,2-NQ for 1-4 hr. Catalase overexpression and metabolic inhibitors were used to determine the role of redox changes and H2O2 in 1,2-NQ induced gene expression. RESULTS: Cells expressing roGFP2 and HyPer showed a rapid loss of redox potential and an increase in H2O2 of mitochondrial origin following exposure to 1,2-NQ. Overexpression of catalase diminished the H2O2-dependent signal but not the I,2-NQ induced loss of reducing potential. Catalase overexpression and inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration diminished elevations in IL-8 and COX-2 induced by exposure to 1,2-NQ, but potentiated HO-1 mRNA levels in BEAS cells. CONCLUSION: These data show that 1,2-NQ exposure induces mitochondrial production of H2O2 that mediates the expression of inflammatory genes, but not the concurrent loss of reducing redox potential in BEAS cells. 1,2-NQ exposure also causes marked expression of HO-1 that appears to be enhanced by suppression of H2O2. These findings shed light into the oxidant-dependent events that underlie cellular responses to environmental electrophiles. C1 [Samet, James M.] US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Simmons, Steven O.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bromberg, Philip A.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, UNC Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Currier, Jenna] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, UNC Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cheng, Wan-Yun] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Samet, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM samet.james@epa.gov OI Simmons, Steven/0000-0001-9079-1069; Currier, Jenna/0000-0002-0513-9592 NR 40 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 23 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 120 IS 2 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1289/ehp.1104055 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 887GR UT WOS:000299915400032 PM 21997482 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Bassett, M Montilla, T Chung, EH Smith, CB Cascio, WE Carraway, MS AF Ghio, Andrew J. Bassett, Maryann Montilla, Tracey Chung, Eugene H. Smith, Candice B. Cascio, Wayne E. Carraway, Martha Sue TI Case Report: Supraventricular Arrhythmia after Exposure to Concentrated Ambient Air Pollution Particles SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; arrhythmias; atrial fibrillation; atrial flutter; heart diseases; particulate matter ID CASE-CROSSOVER ANALYSIS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION; VENTRICULAR-ARRHYTHMIAS; CARDIAC-ARRHYTHMIA; ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; PARTICULATE MATTER; RATE-VARIABILITY; GUINEA-PIGS; ARRHYTHMOGENESIS AB CONTEXT: Exposure to air pollution can result in the onset of arrhythmias. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a 58-year-old woman who volunteered to participate in a controlled exposure to concentrated ambient particles. Twenty minutes into the exposure, telemetry revealed new onset of atrial fibrillation. The exposure was discontinued, and she reverted to normal sinus rhythm approximately 2 hr later. No abnormality was evident on the volunteer's laboratory examination or echocardiography that could explain an increased risk for supraventricular arrhythmia. DISCUSSION: Epidemiologic evidence strongly supports a relationship between exposure to air pollutants and cardiovascular disease, but population-level data are not directly relevant to the clinical presentation of individual cases. To our knowledge, this is the only case report of an individual suffering an episode of atrial fibrillation after exposure to an air pollutant. The resolution of the arrhythmia with termination of the particle exposure further supports a causal relationship between the two. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Exposure to air pollution, including particulate matter, may cause supraventricular arrhythmias. C1 [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Chung, Eugene H.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Div Cardiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 120 IS 2 BP 275 EP 277 DI 10.1289/ehp.1103877 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 887GR UT WOS:000299915400033 PM 21896397 ER PT J AU Mirabelli, MC London, SJ Charles, LE Pompeii, LA Wagenknecht, LE AF Mirabelli, Maria C. London, Stephanie J. Charles, Luenda E. Pompeii, Lisa A. Wagenknecht, Lynne E. TI Occupation and the Prevalence of Respiratory Health Symptoms and Conditions The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; WORK-RELATED ASTHMA; CHRONIC-BRONCHITIS; CLEANING WORKERS; ONSET ASTHMA; POPULATION; EXPOSURE; BURDEN; ADULTS; DUST AB Objectives: To examine associations between occupation and respiratory health in a large, population-based cohort of adults in the United States. Methods: Data from 15,273 participants, aged 45 to 64 years, in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study were used to examine associations of current or most recent job held with the prevalence of self-reported chronic cough, chronic bronchitis, wheezing, asthma, and measures of lung function collected by spirometry. Results: Eleven percent of participants reported wheezing and 9% were classified as having airway obstruction. Compared with individuals in managerial and administrative jobs, increased prevalences of respiratory outcomes were observed among participants in selected occupations, including construction and extractive trades (wheezing, prevalence ratio = 1.92, 95% confidence interval = 1.35, 2.73; airway obstruction, prevalence ratio = 1.31, 95% confidence interval = 1.05, 1.65). Conclusions: Specific occupations are associated with adverse respiratory health. C1 [Mirabelli, Maria C.] Wake Forest Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [London, Stephanie J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Charles, Luenda E.] NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Morgantown, WV USA. [Pompeii, Lisa A.] Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Houston, TX USA. RP Mirabelli, MC (reprint author), Wake Forest Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM mmirabel@wakehealth.edu OI Mirabelli, Maria/0000-0002-3540-0085; London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HHSN268201100005C, HHSN268201100006C, HHSN268201100007C, HHSN268201100008C, HHSN268201100009C, HHSN268201100010C, HHSN268201100011C, HHSN268201100012C]; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study is carried out as a collaborative study supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute contracts (HHSN268201100005C, HHSN268201100006C, HHSN268201100007C, HHSN268201100008C, HHSN268201100009C, HHSN268201100010C, HHSN268201100011C, and HHSN268201100012C). Dr. London is supported by the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 54 IS 2 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31823e3a52 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 891DP UT WOS:000300197000006 PM 22157701 ER PT J AU Smith, SB Maixner, DW Fillingim, RB Slade, G Gracely, RH Ambrose, K Zaykin, DV Hyde, C John, S Tan, K Maixner, W Diatchenko, L AF Smith, Shad B. Maixner, Dylan W. Fillingim, Roger B. Slade, Gary Gracely, Richard H. Ambrose, Kirsten Zaykin, Dmitri V. Hyde, Craig John, Sally Tan, Keith Maixner, William Diatchenko, Luda TI Large candidate gene association study reveals genetic risk factors and therapeutic targets for fibromyalgia SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE GENE; IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; RGS PROTEINS; PAIN; POLYMORPHISM; RECEPTOR; TRANSPORTER; EXPRESSION; RAT; THRESHOLDS AB Objective Fibromyalgia (FM) represents a complex disorder that is characterized by widespread pain and tenderness and is frequently accompanied by additional somatic and cognitive/affective symptoms. Genetic risk factors are known to contribute to the etiology of the syndrome. The aim of this study was to examine >350 genes for association with FM, using a large-scale candidate gene approach. Methods. The study group comprised 496 patients with FM (cases) and 348 individuals with no chronic pain (controls). Genotyping was performed using a dedicated gene array chip, the Pain Research Panel, which assays variants characterizing >350 genes known to be involved in the biologic pathways relevant to nociception, inflammation, and mood. Association testing was performed using logistic regression. Results. Significant differences in allele frequencies between cases and controls were observed for 3 genes: GABRB3 (rs4906902; P = 3.65 x 10(-6)), TAAR1 (rs8192619; P = 1.11 x 10(-5)), and GBP1 (rs7911; P = 1.06 x 10(-4)). These 3 genes and 7 other genes with suggestive evidence for association were examined in a second, independent cohort of patients with FM and control subjects who were genotyped using the Perlegen 600K platform. Evidence of association in the replication cohort was observed for TAAR1, RGS4, CNR1, and GRIA4. Conclusion. Variation in these 4 replicated genes may serve as a basis for development of new diagnostic approaches, and the products of these genes may contribute to the pathophysiology of FM and represent potential targets for therapeutic action. C1 [Smith, Shad B.; Fillingim, Roger B.; Slade, Gary; Gracely, Richard H.; Ambrose, Kirsten; Maixner, William; Diatchenko, Luda] Algynomics, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Smith, Shad B.; Maixner, Dylan W.; Slade, Gary; Gracely, Richard H.; Maixner, William; Diatchenko, Luda] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Fillingim, Roger B.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Zaykin, Dmitri V.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hyde, Craig; John, Sally] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Groton, CT USA. [Tan, Keith] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Sandwich, Kent, England. RP Diatchenko, L (reprint author), Algynomics, 208 N Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. EM ldiatchenko@algynomics.com FU Pfizer; Algynomics; NIH (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences); NIH [R01-DE-16558]; Cytogel; Codman; Eli Lilly; Jazz Pharmaceuticals FX Supported by Pfizer and Algynomics. Dr. Zaykin's work was supported by the NIH Intramural Research Program (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences). An NIH grant (National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research grant R01-DE-16558 to Drs. Maixner and Diatchenko) supported the collection of a portion of the study data.; Dr. Fillingim has received consulting fees, speaking fees, and/or honoraria from Cytogel and Codman (less than $10,000 each). Dr. Gracely has received consulting fees, speaking fees, and/or honoraria from Eli Lilly and Jazz Pharmaceuticals (less than $10,000 each). Mr. Maixner has received consulting fees, speaking fees, and/or honoraria from Algynomics (less than $10,000). Dr. Diatchenko has received consulting fees, speaking fees, and/or honoraria from Algynomics (more than $10,000) and has provided paid consultation with investment analysts on behalf of Algynomics. Mr. Maixner and Dr. Diatchenko are coinventors on the patent for the Pain Research Panel, a dedicated gene array chip used for genotyping; the patent is owned by the University of North Carolina and licensed to Algynomics. Drs. Smith, Fillingim, Slade, Gracely, and Diatchenko, and Mr. Maixner and Ms Ambrose own stock or stock options in Algynomics; Mr. Maixner is an equity holder in Algynomics. Drs. Hyde, John, and Tan own stock or stock options in Pfizer. NR 51 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 64 IS 2 BP 584 EP 593 DI 10.1002/art.33338 PG 10 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 883HU UT WOS:000299625700034 PM 21905019 ER PT J AU Gerke, TL Scheckel, KG Ray, RI Little, BJ AF Gerke, T. L. Scheckel, K. G. Ray, R. I. Little, B. J. TI Can Dynamic Bubble Templating Play a Role in Corrosion Product Morphology? SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE iron; mu-x-ray diffraction; mu-x-ray fluorescence mapping; morphologies; tube-shaped corrosion ID WATER DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; IRON PIPE CORROSION; CAST-IRON; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; SCALES; RELEASE; TUBERCLES; GROWTH AB Dynamic templating as a result of cathodic hydrogen gas production is suggested as a possible mechanism for the formation of tube-like corrosion products on an unlined cast iron pipe in a drinking water distribution system. Mounds of corrosion product, with protruding tubes and freestanding tubes, were observed within a single 30 cm section of piping. Internal morphologies for all shapes were texturally complex although mineralogically simple, composed of two iron oxide/oxyhydroxides minerals: alpha-FeOOH (goethite) and Fe3O4 (magnetite). Static templating by either microorganisms or minerals was rejected as a possible mechanism for tube formation in this study. C1 [Gerke, T. L.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Scheckel, K. G.] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Ray, R. I.; Little, B. J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Gerke, TL (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Tammie.Gerke@uc.edu RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) - Basic Energy Sciences; NSERC; University of Washington; Simon Fraser University; Advanced Photon Source; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; ONR [61153N, NRL/JA/7330-11-0717] FX PNC/XOR facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, and research at these facilities, are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) - Basic Energy Sciences, a major facilities access grant from NSERC, the University of Washington, Simon Fraser University, and the Advanced Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank S.A. Walley and J.B. Maynard for insightful comments on earlier versions of this paper, M.K. DeSantis for digital images of the iron corrosion products, and A. Lane (ELE, Inc.) for graphic support. The work at NRL was supported by ONR program elements 61153N, NRL/JA/7330-11-0717. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official positions and policies of the USEPA. Any mention of product or trade names does not constitute recommendation for use by the USEPA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD FEB PY 2012 VL 68 IS 2 AR 025004 DI 10.5006/1.3683226 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 882CS UT WOS:000299539600005 ER PT J AU Friedman, CL Cantwell, MG Lohmann, R AF Friedman, Carey L. Cantwell, Mark G. Lohmann, Rainer TI Passive sampling provides evidence for Newark Bay as a source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans to the New York/New Jersey, USA, atmosphere SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins; Polychlorinated dibenzofurans; Black carbon; Sediment; Bioavailability ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PERFORMANCE REFERENCE COMPOUNDS; LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; AIR SAMPLERS; RIVER ESTUARY; PORE-WATER; BALTIC SEA; SEDIMENT; PCDD/FS; TRICLOSAN AB Freely dissolved and gas phase polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were measured in the water column and atmosphere at five locations within Newark Bay (New Jersey, USA) from May 2008 to August 2009 with polyethylene (PE) passive samplers. Mono- to octa-CDDs and mono- to hepta-CDFs were detected in bottom and surface waters at =20?pg/L with no clear gradient between sampling locations, suggesting freely dissolved PCDD/Fs are well mixed in Newark Bay. The most concentrated, freely dissolved gas phase congener was 2,7/2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,7/2,8-DiCDD), likely originating from photochemical conversion of triclosan in Newark Bay. Airsurface water gradients strongly favored net volatilization of PCDD/PCDFs from Newark Bay. Water-to-air fluxes of 2,7/2,8-DiCDD and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD), the most concentrated and the most toxic PCDD/PCDFs, respectively, were approximately 60?ng/m2 per month and 14 to 51?pg/m2 per month. Significant decreases in freely dissolved 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations with increasing freshwater near the Passaic River and conservative behavior during the summer of 2009 suggested Passaic sediments as a likely source of 2,3,7,8-TCDD to Newark Bay. Mass balance calculations implied that almost 50% of freely dissolved 2,3,7,8-TCDD delivered to Newark Bay from the Hackensack and Passaic Rivers was lost to volatilization in the summer of 2009. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:253-261. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Friedman, Carey L.; Lohmann, Rainer] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Friedman, Carey L.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cantwell, Mark G.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Lohmann, R (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM lohmann@gso.uri.edu RI Lohmann, Rainer/B-1511-2008; OI Lohmann, Rainer/0000-0001-8796-3229 FU Hudson River Foundation [007/07A] FX We thank R. Chant (Rutgers University) and C. Sommerfield (University of Delaware), E. Stern, N. Bujalski, and M. Reiss (U.S. EPA, Region 2), J. Monkowski (City of Bayonne Public Works Division), the Port Newark/Elizabeth Marine Terminal police, and P. Luey, K. Pohl, and V. Sacks (University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography). Critical comments from anonymous reviewers helped improve the article. The present work received financial support from the Hudson River Foundation (grant 007/07A). NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 31 IS 2 BP 253 EP 261 DI 10.1002/etc.742 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 875NB UT WOS:000299036300005 PM 22095897 ER PT J AU Zevi, Y Gao, B Zhang, W Morales, VL Cakmak, ME Medrano, EA Sang, WJ Steenhuis, TS AF Zevi, Yuniati Gao, Bin Zhang, Wei Morales, Veronica L. Cakmak, M. Ekrem Medrano, Evelyn A. Sang, Wenjing Steenhuis, Tammo S. TI Colloid retention at the meniscus-wall contact line in an open microchannel SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Contact angle; Retention; Capillary forces; Air-water-solid interface; Contact line; Colloids; Microchannel ID UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; PORE-SCALE VISUALIZATION; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; CAPILLARY CHANNEL; ANGLE HYSTERESIS; FLOW; PARTICLES; MODEL; MECHANISMS AB Colloid retention mechanisms in partially saturated porous media are currently being researched with an array of visualization techniques. These visualization techniques have refined our understanding of colloid movement and retention at the pore scale beyond what can be obtained from breakthrough experiments. One of the remaining questions is what mechanisms are responsible for colloid immobilization at the triple point where air, water, and soil grain meet. The objective of this study was to investigate how colloids are transported to the air-water-solid (AWS) contact line in an open triangular microchannel, and then retained as a function of meniscus contact angle with the wall and solution ionic strength. Colloid flow path, meniscus shape and meniscus-wall contact angle, and colloid retention at the AWS contact line were visualized and quantified with a confocal microscope. Experimental results demonstrated that colloid retention at the AWS contact line was significant when the meniscus-wall contact angle was less than 16 degrees, but was minimal for the meniscus-wall contact angles exceeding 20 degrees. Tracking of individual colloids and computational hydrodynamic simulation both revealed that for small contact angles (e.g., 12.5 degrees), counter flow and flow vortices formed near the AWS contact line, but not for large contact angles (e.g., 28 degrees). This counter flow helped deliver the colloids to the wall surface just below the contact line. In accordance with DLVO and hydrodynamic torque calculations, colloid movement may be stopped when the colloid reached the secondary minimum at the wall near the contact line. However, contradictory to the prediction of the torque analysis, colloid retention at the AWS contact line decreased with increasing ionic strength for contact angles of 10-20 degrees indicating that the air-water interface was involved through both counter flow and capillary force. We hypothesized that capillary force pushed the colloid through the primary energy barrier to the primary minimum to become immobilized, when small fluctuations in water level stretched the meniscus over the colloid. For large meniscus-wall contact angles counter flow was not observed, resulting in less colloid retention, because a smaller number of colloids were transported to the contact line. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zevi, Yuniati; Morales, Veronica L.; Sang, Wenjing; Steenhuis, Tammo S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gao, Bin] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zhang, Wei] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Cakmak, M. Ekrem] Cukurova Univ, Dept Environm Engn, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. [Medrano, Evelyn A.] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. RP Steenhuis, TS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM yz59@cornell.edu; bg55@ufl.edu; zhang.wei@epa.gov; vlm8@comell.edu; mec68@cornell.edu; ws258@cornell.edu; tss1@cornell.edu RI Cakmak, Mehmet Ekrem/A-6905-2008; Zhang, Wei/B-4219-2011; Morales, Veronica /C-7617-2014; Gao, Bin/B-8027-2010 OI Cakmak, Mehmet Ekrem/0000-0002-4073-096X; Zhang, Wei/0000-0002-2937-1732; Gao, Bin/0000-0003-3769-0191 FU USDA-National Research Initiative [2005-03929, 2008-35102-04462]; Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [IS-3962-07]; National Science Foundation [2006-0635954] FX This research was supported by funding from the USDA-National Research Initiative (project 2005-03929 and 2008-35102-04462), Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, Project No. IS-3962-07, and the National Science Foundation (project 2006-0635954). The authors acknowledge the expert guidance of Carol Bayles, the manager of the Cornell University Biotechnology Center's Microscopy and Imaging Facility. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 295 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.046 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 883CE UT WOS:000299609400004 PM 22130000 ER PT J AU Vandenberg, LN Chahoud, I Heindel, JJ Padmanabhan, V Paumgartten, FJR Schoenfelder, G AF Vandenberg, Laura N. Chahoud, Ibrahim Heindel, Jerrold J. Padmanabhan, Vasantha Paumgartten, Francisco J. R. Schoenfelder, Gilbert TI Urinary, Circulating, and Tissue Biomonitoring Studies Indicate Widespread Exposure to Bisphenol A SO CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA LA English DT Review DE Endocrine disruptor; Human exposure; PBPK/PBTK model; Pregnancy; Risk assessment; Toxicokinetics ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HPLC-MS/MS METHOD; ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOLS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; HUMAN SERUM; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; DISRUPTING CHEMICALS AB Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest-volume chemicals produced worldwide, and human exposure to BPA is thought to be ubiquitous. Thus, there are concerns that the amount of BPA to which humans are exposed may cause adverse health effects. We examined many possibilities for why biomonitoring and toxicokinetic studies could come to seemingly conflicting conclusions. More than 80 published human biomonitoring studies that measured BPA concentrations in human tissues, urine, blood, and other fluids, along with two toxicokinetic studies of human BPA metabolism were examined. Unconjugated BPA was routinely detected in blood (in the nanograms per milliliter range), and conjugated BPA was routinely detected in the vast majority of urine samples (also in the nanograms per milliliter range). In stark contrast, toxicokinetic studies proposed that humans are not internally exposed to BPA. Available data from biomonitoring studies clearly indicate that the general population is exposed to BPA and is at risk from internal exposure to unconjugated BPA. The two toxicokinetic studies that suggested human BPA exposure is negligible have significant deficiencies, are directly contradicted by hypothesis-driven studies, and are therefore not reliable for risk assessment purposes. C1 [Vandenberg, Laura N.] Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Tufts Ctr Regenerat & Dev Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Chahoud, Ibrahim] Charite, Inst Klin Pharmakol & Toxikol, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Heindel, Jerrold J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Extramural Res & Training, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Padmanabhan, Vasantha] Univ Michigan, Dept Mol & Integrat Physiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Paumgartten, Francisco J. R.] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Lab Environm Toxicol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Schoenfelder, Gilbert] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Pharmacol & Toxicol, Wurzburg, Germany. RP Vandenberg, LN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Tufts Ctr Regenerat & Dev Biol, 200 Boston Ave,Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM laura.vandenberg@tufts.edu RI Padmanabhan, Vasantha/C-8558-2017; OI Padmanabhan, Vasantha/0000-0002-8443-7212; Schonfelder, Gilbert/0000-0001-6134-1990 NR 128 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 56 PU ABRASCO PI RIO DE JANEIRO PA RUA HESPERIA, 16-PARTE MANGUINHOS, RIO DE JANEIRO, 21050-040, BRAZIL SN 1413-8123 J9 CIENC SAUDE COLETIVA JI Cienc. Saude Coletiva PD FEB PY 2012 VL 17 IS 2 BP 407 EP 434 PG 28 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 880CX UT WOS:000299383400016 PM 22267036 ER PT J AU Liu, R Sui, XM Laditka, JN Church, TS Colabianchi, N Hussey, J Blair, SN AF Liu, Rui Sui, Xuemei Laditka, James N. Church, Timothy S. Colabianchi, Natalie Hussey, Jim Blair, Steven N. TI Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Predictor of Dementia Mortality in Men and Women SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE PHYSICAL FITNESS; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; VASCULAR DEMENTIA; METS ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OLDER-ADULTS; LATE-LIFE; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; BLOOD-PRESSURE; EXERCISE TEST; BRAIN; RISK AB LIU, R., X. SUI, J. N. LADITKA, T. S. CHURCH, N. COLABIANCHI, J. HUSSEY, and S. N. BLAIR. Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Predictor of Dementia Mortality in Men and Women. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 253-259, 2012. There is evidence that physical activity may reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer disease and dementia. However, few reports have examined the physical activity-dementia association with objective measures of physical activity. Cardiorespiratory fitness (hereafter called fitness) is an objective reproducible measure of recent physical activity habits. Purpose: We sought to determine whether fitness is associated with lower risk for dementia mortality in women and men. Methods: We followed 14,811 women and 45,078 men, age 20-88 yr at baseline, for an average of 17 yr. All participants completed a preventive health examination at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, TX, during 1970-2001. Fitness was measured with a maximal treadmill exercise test, with results expressed in maximal METs. The National Death Index identified deaths through 2003. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between baseline fitness and dementia mortality, adjusting for age, sex, examination year, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, abnormal ECGs, and health status. Results: There were 164 deaths with dementia listed as the cause during 1,012,125 person-years of exposure. Each 1-MET increase in fitness was associated with a 14% lower adjusted risk of dementia mortality (95% confidence interval (CI) - 6%-22%). With fitness expressed in tertiles, adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for those in the middle-and high-fitness groups suggest their risk of dementia mortality was less than half that of those in the lowest fitness group (HR = 0.44, CI = 0.26-0.74 and HR = 0.49, CI = 0.26-0.90, respectively). Conclusions: Greater fitness was associated with lower risk of mortality from dementia in a large cohort of men and women. C1 [Liu, Rui] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Sui, Xuemei; Blair, Steven N.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Exercise Sci, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Laditka, James N.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Church, Timothy S.] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Lab Prevent Med, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Colabianchi, Natalie; Hussey, Jim; Blair, Steven N.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Liu, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, 111 TW Alexan Dr,POB 12233,Mail Drop A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM liur2@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health [AG06945, HL62508, R21DK088195] FX The study was supported by National Institutes of Health grants AG06945, HL62508, and R21DK088195. NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 20 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 44 IS 2 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31822cf717 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 879FY UT WOS:000299316300009 PM 21796048 ER PT J AU Hannas, BR Lambright, CS Furr, J Evans, N Foster, PMD Gray, EL Wilson, VS AF Hannas, Bethany R. Lambright, Christy S. Furr, Johnathan Evans, Nicola Foster, Paul M. D. Gray, Earl L. Wilson, Vickie S. TI Genomic Biomarkers of Phthalate-Induced Male Reproductive Developmental Toxicity: A Targeted RT-PCR Array Approach for Defining Relative Potency SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE mixture toxicity; antiandrogen; PPAR; phthalate risk assessment ID IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; FETAL-RAT TESTIS; N-BUTYL PHTHALATE; ALTERS SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; DOSE-DEPENDENT ALTERATIONS; LEYDIG-CELL FUNCTION; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; GENE-EXPRESSION; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; DIISOBUTYL PHTHALATE AB Male rat fetuses exposed to certain phthalate esters (PEs) during sexual differentiation display reproductive tract malformations due to reductions in testosterone (T) production and the expression of steroidogenesis- and INSL3-related genes. In the current study, we used a 96-well real-time PCR array containing key target genes representing sexual determination and differentiation, steroidogenesis, gubernaculum development, and androgen signaling pathways to rank the relative potency of several PEs. We executed dose-response studies with diisobutyl (DIBP), dipentyl (DPeP), dihexyl (DHP), diheptyl (DHeP), diisononyl (DINP), or diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) and serial dilutions of a mixture of nine phthalates. All phthalates, with the exception of DIDP, reduced fetal testicular T production. Several genes involved in cholesterol transport, androgen synthesis, and Insl3 also were downregulated in a dose-responsive manner by DIBP, DPeP, DHP, DHeP, DINP, and the 9-PE mixture. Despite speculation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) involvement in the effects of PEs on the fetal testis, no PPAR-related genes were affected in the fetal testes by exposure to any of the tested PEs. Furthermore, the potent PPAR alpha agonist, Wy-14,643, did not reduce fetal testicular T production following gestational day 14-18 exposure, suggesting that the antiandrogenic activity of PEs is not PPAR alpha mediated. The overall sensitivity of the fetal endpoints (gene expression or T production) for the six phthalates from most to least was Cyp11b1 > Star = Scarb1 > Cyp17a1 = T production > Cyp11a1 = Hsd3b = Insl3 > Cyp11b2. The overall potency of the individual phthalates was DPeP > DHP > DIBP >= DHeP > DINP. Finally, the observed mixture interaction was adequately modeled by the dose-addition model for most of the affected genes. Together, these data advance our understanding of the collective reproductive toxicity of the PE compounds. C1 [Hannas, Bethany R.; Lambright, Christy S.; Furr, Johnathan; Evans, Nicola; Gray, Earl L.; Wilson, Vickie S.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Branch, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Foster, Paul M. D.] NIEHS, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gray, EL (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Branch, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Mail Drop 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gray.earl@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency; NTP at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [75-92285501-1]; National Academy of Sciences FX This project was provided by an Interagency Agreement between the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the NTP at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (IA no. 75-92285501-1) and B. R. H. was funded through a National Academy of Sciences postdoctoral fellowship. NR 59 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 30 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 125 IS 2 BP 544 EP 557 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfr315 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 879QD UT WOS:000299346000021 PM 22112501 ER PT J AU Lamb, CM Hazari, MS Haykal-Coates, N Carll, AP Krantz, QT King, C Winsett, DW Cascio, WE Costa, DL Farraj, AK AF Lamb, Christina M. Hazari, Mehdi S. Haykal-Coates, Najwa Carll, Alex P. Krantz, Q. Todd King, Charly Winsett, Darrell W. Cascio, Wayne E. Costa, Daniel L. Farraj, Aimen K. TI Divergent Electrocardiographic Responses to Whole and Particle-Free Diesel Exhaust Inhalation in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE diesel; exhaust; gases; SH rat; cardiac; electrophysiology ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; ST-SEGMENT DEPRESSION; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; RATE-VARIABILITY; BLOOD-PRESSURE; EXPOSURE; MATTER; ASSOCIATION; ARRHYTHMIA AB Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major contributor to traffic-related fine particulate matter (PM)(2.5). Although inroads have been made in understanding the mechanisms of PM-related health effects, DE's complex mixture of PM, gases, and volatile organics makes it difficult to determine how the constituents contribute to DE's effects. We hypothesized that exposure to particle-filtered DE (fDE; gases alone) will elicit less cardiac effects than whole DE (wDE; particles plus gases). In addition, we hypothesized that spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats will be more sensitive to the electrocardiographic effects of DE exposure than Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY; background strain with normal blood pressure). SH and WKY rats, implanted with telemeters to monitor electrocardiogram and heart rate (HR), were exposed once for 4 h to 150 mu g/m(3) or 500 mu g/m(3) of wDE (gases plus PM) or fDE (gases alone) DE, or filtered air. Exposure to fDE, but not wDE, caused immediate electrocardiographic alterations in cardiac repolarization (ST depression) and atrioventricular conduction block (PR prolongation) as well as bradycardia in SH rats. Exposure to wDE, but not fDE, caused postexposure ST depression and increased sensitivity to the pulmonary C fiber agonist capsaicin in SH rats. The only notable effect of DE exposure in WKY rats was a decrease in HR. Taken together, hypertension may predispose to the potential cardiac effects of DE and components of DE may have divergent effects with some eliciting immediate irritant effects (e.g., gases), whereas others (e.g., PM) trigger delayed effects potentially via separate mechanisms. C1 [Hazari, Mehdi S.; Krantz, Q. Todd; King, Charly; Winsett, Darrell W.; Cascio, Wayne E.; Farraj, Aimen K.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Haykal-Coates, Najwa] US EPA, Biostat & Bioinformat Res Core Unit, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lamb, Christina M.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Carll, Alex P.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Costa, Daniel L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Farraj, AK (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM farraj.aimen@epa.gov OI Carll, Alex/0000-0003-1832-3070 FU National Science Foundation; United States Environmental Protection Agency; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill [EPA CR83323601] FX C.M.L. was funded by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and A. P. C. was supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill (EPA CR83323601). NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 125 IS 2 BP 558 EP 568 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfr296 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 879QD UT WOS:000299346000022 PM 22052608 ER PT J AU Rutledge, HR Jiang, W Yang, J Warg, LA Schwartz, DA Pisetsky, DS Yang, IV AF Rutledge, Holly R. Jiang, Weiwen Yang, Jun Warg, Laura A. Schwartz, David A. Pisetsky, David S. Yang, Ivana V. TI Gene expression profiles of RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with preparations of LPS differing in isolation and purity SO INNATE IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE Lipopolysaccharide; endotoxin; LPS preparation; macrophage; gene expression; microarray ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; IDENTIFICATION; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; INFLAMMATION; MICE; PERSISTENCE; ACTIVATION; INFECTION; DISEASE; TRAM AB Lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and a potent stimulator of innate immune response via TLR4. Studies on the LPS action both in vivo and in vitro have used different preparations of LPS, including ultra-pure LPS (LIST) and a less pure but less expensive form (Sigma) isolated from Escherichia coli serotype O111:B4. The difference between the effects of these compounds has not been well studied although this information is important in understanding TLR stimulation. In this study, we compared response of RAW264.7 macrophage cells treated LIST or Sigma LPS for 6 h and 24 h. Gene expression data were analyzed to identify specific genes and pathways that are in common and unique to the two LPS preparations. Seven hundred fifty-five genes were differentially expressed at 6 h in response to Sigma LPS and 973 were differentially expressed following LIST LPS treatment, with 503 in common. At 24 h, Sigma LPS induced or repressed 901 genes while 1646 genes were differentially regulated by LIST LPS treatment; 701 genes were shared by two forms of LPS. Although considerably more genes were differentially expressed in response to LIST LPS, similar molecular pathways and transcriptional networks were activated by the two LPS preparations. We also treated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from three strains of mice with different concentrations of LIST and Sigma LPS and showed that BMMs produced more IL-6 and TNF-alpha in response to LIST LPS at low LPS concentrations but, at higher LPS concentrations, more cytokines were produced in response to stimulation by Sigma LPS. Together, these findings suggest that, despite activation of similar molecular pathways by LIST and Sigma LPS preparations, residual protein impurities in the Sigma LPS preparation may nevertheless influence the transcriptional profile attributed to TLR4 stimulation. C1 [Warg, Laura A.; Schwartz, David A.; Yang, Ivana V.] Natl Jewish Hlth, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80206 USA. [Warg, Laura A.; Schwartz, David A.; Yang, Ivana V.] Natl Jewish Hlth, Ctr Genes Environm & Hlth, Denver, CO 80206 USA. [Schwartz, David A.; Yang, Ivana V.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Med, Aurora, CO USA. [Jiang, Weiwen; Pisetsky, David S.] Durham VA Med Ctr, Med Res Serv, Durham, NC USA. [Jiang, Weiwen; Pisetsky, David S.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Rutledge, Holly R.; Yang, Jun] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Yang, IV (reprint author), Natl Jewish Hlth, Dept Med, 1400 Jackson St,Smith Bldg A651, Denver, CO 80206 USA. EM yangi@njhealth.org FU NIH; National Institute of the Environmental Health Sciences; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute; VA Merit review FX This study was funded by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of the Environmental Health Sciences and National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, and a VA Merit review grant. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1753-4259 J9 INNATE IMMUN-LONDON JI Innate Immun. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 18 IS 1 BP 80 EP 88 DI 10.1177/1753425910393540 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA 877FL UT WOS:000299162600008 PM 21239457 ER PT J AU Martin, MT Knudsen, TB Judson, RS Kavlock, RJ Dix, DJ AF Martin, Matthew T. Knudsen, Thomas B. Judson, Richard S. Kavlock, Robert J. Dix, David J. TI Economic benefits of using adaptive predictive models of reproductive toxicity in the context of a tiered testing program SO SYSTEMS BIOLOGY IN REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Current Trends in Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology - Biomarkers, Animal Models, Alternative Testing, Risk Assessment, and Regulatory Aspects CY AUG 21-23, 2011 CL Kalamazoo, MI DE chemical prioritization; predictive model; reproductive toxicity; tiered testing ID TOXICOLOGY AB A predictive model of reproductive toxicity, as observed in rat multigeneration reproductive (MGR) studies, was previously developed using high throughput screening (HTS) data from 36 in vitro assays mapped to 8 genes or gene-sets from Phase I of USEPA ToxCast research program, the proof-of-concept phase in which 309 toxicologically well characterized chemicals were testing in over 500 HTS assays. The model predicted the effects on male and female reproductive function with a balanced accuracy of 80%. In a theoretical examination of the potential impact of the model, two case studies were derived representing different tiered testing scenarios to: 1) screen-out chemicals with low predicted probability of effect; and 2) screen-in chemicals with a high probability of causing adverse reproductive effects. We define 'testing cost efficiency' as the total cost divided by the number of positive chemicals expected in the definitive guideline toxicity study. This would approach $2.11 M under the current practice. Under case study 1, 22% of the chemicals were screened-out due to low predicted probability of adverse reproductive effect and a misclassification rate of 12%, yielding a test cost efficiency of $1.87 M. Under case study 2, 13% of chemicals were screened-in yielding a testing cost efficiency of $1.13 M per test-positive chemical. Applying the model would also double the total number of positives identified. It should be noted that the intention of the case studies is not to provide a definitive mechanism for screening-in or screening-out chemicals or account for the indirect costs of misclassification. The case studies demonstrate the customizability of the model as a tool in chemical testing decision-making. The predictive model of reproductive toxicity will continue to evolve as new assays become available to fill recognized biological gaps and will be combined with other predictive models, particularly models of developmental toxicity, to form an initial tier to an overarching integrated testing strategy. C1 [Martin, Matthew T.; Knudsen, Thomas B.; Judson, Richard S.; Kavlock, Robert J.; Dix, David J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Martin, MT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, MD D205-01,109 TWAlexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM martin.matt@epa.gov RI Martin, Matthew/A-1982-2013; OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-8096-9908; Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1939-6368 J9 SYST BIOL REPROD MED JI Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 58 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.3109/19396368.2011.652288 PG 7 WC Andrology; Reproductive Biology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Reproductive Biology GA 875TS UT WOS:000299058600002 PM 22239076 ER PT J AU Elking, DM Perera, L Pedersen, LG AF Elking, Dennis M. Perera, Lalith Pedersen, Lee G. TI HPAM: Hirshfeld partitioned atomic multipoles SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Atomic multipoles; Hirshfeld charges; Dipole; Quadrupole ID MOLECULAR ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS; FORCE-FIELD; CHARGE-DISTRIBUTION; FLUCTUATING CHARGE; WATER; SIMULATION; MOMENTS; QUANTUM; MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION AB An implementation of the Hirshfeld (HD) and Hirshfeld-Iterated (HD-I) atomic charge density partitioning schemes is described. Atomic charges and atomic multipoles are calculated from the HD and HD-I atomic charge densities for arbitrary atomic multipole rank I(max) on molecules of arbitrary shape and size. The HD and HD-I atomic charges/multipoles are tested by comparing molecular multipole moments and the electrostatic potential (ESP) surrounding a molecule with their reference ab initio values. In general. the HD-I atomic charges/multipoles are found to better reproduce ab initio electrostatic properties over HD atomic charges/multipoles. A systematic increase in precision for reproducing ab initio electrostatic properties is demonstrated by increasing the atomic multipole rank from I(max) = 0 (atomic charges) to I(max) = 4 (atomic hexadecapoles). Both HD and HD-I atomic multipoles up to rank I(max) are shown to exactly reproduce ab initio molecular multipole moments of rank L for L <= I(max) In addition, molecular dipole moments calculated by HD, HD-I, and ChelpG atomic charges only (I(max) = 0) are compared with reference ab initio values. Significant errors in reproducing ab initio molecular dipole moments are found if only HD or HD-I atomic charges used. Program summary Program title: HPAM Catalogue identifier: AEKP_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEKP_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License v2 No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 500 809 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 13 424 494 Distribution format: tarp Programming language: C Computer: Any Operating system: Linux RAM: Typically, a few hundred megabytes Classification: 16.13 External routines: The program requires 'formatted checkpoint' files obtained from the Gaussian 03 or Gaussian 09 quantum chemistry program. Nature of problem: An ab initio molecular charge density rho(mol)(r) is partitioned into Hirshfeld (HD) and Hirshfeld-lterated (HD-I) atomic charge densities rho(a)(r) on a grid. Atomic charges q(a) and multipoles Q(lm)(a) are calculated from the partitioned atomic charge densities rho(a)(r) by numerical integration. Solution method: Molecular and isolated atomic grids are generated for the molecule of interest. The ab initio density matrix P(mu nu) and basis functions chi(mu)(r) are read in from 'formatted checkpoint' files obtained from the Gaussian 03 or 09 quantum chemistry programs. The ab initio density is evaluated for the molecule and the isolated atoms/atomic ions on grids and used to construct Hirshfeld (HD) and Hirshfeld-1 (HD-I) partitioned atomic charges densities rho(a)(r), which are used to calculate atomic charges qa and atomic multipoles Q(lm)(a), by integration. Restrictions: The ab initio density matrix can be calculated at the HF, DEL MP2, or CCSD levels with ab initio Gaussian basis sets that include up to s, p, d, f, g functions for either closed shell or open shell molecules. Running time: The running time varies with the size of the molecule, the size of the ab initio basis set, and the coarseness of the desired grid. The run time can range from a minute or less for water to similar to 15 minutes for neopentane. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Elking, Dennis M.; Pedersen, Lee G.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Perera, Lalith; Pedersen, Lee G.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Elking, DM (reprint author), Openeye Sci Software, 9 Bisbee Court,Suite D, Santa Fe, NM 87508 USA. EM denny@eyesopen.com RI perera, Lalith/B-6879-2012; Pedersen, Lee/E-3405-2013 OI perera, Lalith/0000-0003-0823-1631; Pedersen, Lee/0000-0003-1262-9861 FU National Institute of Health [HL-06350]; National Science Foundation [FRG DMR 084549]; NIH-National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES125392] FX This research was supported by the National Institute of Health (HL-06350) and National Science Foundation (FRG DMR 084549) to LGP This research was supported (in part) by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH-National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01 ES125392). DME thanks the NIEHS, RIP, NC for providing visitor status for the year this work was accomplished. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 183 IS 2 BP 390 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2011.10.003 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 868OA UT WOS:000298531400020 PM 22140274 ER PT J AU Eason, T Cabezas, H AF Eason, Tarsha Cabezas, Heriberto TI Evaluating the sustainability of a regional system using Fisher information in the San Luis Basin, Colorado SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Sustainability; Fisher information; Metrics; Dynamic order; San Luis Basin; Colorado ID ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; REGIME CHANGES; INDICATOR; SHIFT AB This paper describes the theory, data, and methodology necessary for using Fisher information to assess the sustainability of the San Luis Basin (SLB) regional system over time. Fisher information was originally developed as a measure of the information content in data and is an important method in information theory. Our adaptation of Fisher information provides a means of monitoring the variables of a system to characterize dynamic order, and, therefore, its regimes and regime shifts. This work is part of the SLB Sustainability Metrics Project, which aimed to evaluate movement over time towards or away from regional sustainability. One of the key goals of this project was to use readily available data to assess the sustainability of the system including its environmental, social and economic aspects. For this study, Fisher information was calculated for fifty-three variables which characterize the consumption of food and energy, agricultural production, environmental characteristics, demographic properties and changes in land use for the SLB system from 1980 to 2005. Our analysis revealed that while the system displayed small changes in dynamic order over time with a slight decreasing trend near the end of the period, there is no indication of a regime shift. Therefore, the SLB system is stable with very slight movement away from sustainability in more recent years. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Eason, Tarsha; Cabezas, Heriberto] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Eason, T (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM eason.tarsha@epa.gov NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 94 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.08.003 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 874DY UT WOS:000298936800005 PM 21930337 ER PT J AU Kamino, H Negishi, M AF Kamino, Hiroki Negishi, Masahiko TI The nuclear receptor constitutive active/androstane receptor arrests DNA-damaged human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7 cells at the G2/M phase SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE CAR; nuclear receptor; G2; M arrest; Huh7; adriamycin ID CYCLIN G2; CAR; INHIBITION; PROMOTION; ENZYMES; GADD45; GENE; CDC2; PXR AB Here, we have demonstrated that xenobiotic activation of the nuclear receptor (CAR, NR1I3) can result in arresting DNA-damaged human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7 cells at the G2/M phase. Huh7 cells over-expressing CAR were either treated with dimethyl sulfoxide, the CAR activator TCPOBOP (1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene; androstenol, 16,(5a)-androsten-3a-OL), or repressor androstenol; these treatments were then followed by adriamycin treatment to damage DNA. FACS analysis revealed that CAR-activation by TCPOBOP increased the rate of arrested Huh7 cells at the G2/M phase (4N DNA content) after DNA damage by adriamycin. This increase correlated with the increase of cell viability in TCPOBOP-treated Huh7 cells, as determined by MTT assays. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis determined that, as regulated by CAR, the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible ? (GADD45?) and Cyclin G2 genes increased and decreased, respectively, as TCPOBOP increased the number of Huh7 cells arrested at the G2/M phase. Thus, the results suggest that CAR regulates cell cycle, increasing G2/M arrest, and delaying the death of DNA-damaged cells. Mol. Carcinog. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Kamino, Hiroki; Negishi, Masahiko] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Negishi, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01ES1005-01] FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Z01ES1005-01. We would like to acknowledge the efforts of all of the staff of the NIEHS Flow Cytometry Center. We especially thank to all our laboratory members for valuable discussions. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 51 IS 2 BP 206 EP 212 DI 10.1002/mc.20783 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 870LX UT WOS:000298671900007 PM 21557330 ER PT J AU Tufts, JAM Rosati, JA AF Tufts, Jenia A. McBrian Rosati, Jacky A. TI Thermal inactivation of Bacillus anthracis surrogate spores in a bench-scale enclosed landfill gas flare SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE AB A bench-scale landfill flare system was designed and built to test the potential for landfilled biological spores that migrate from the waste into the landfill gas to pass through the flare and exit into the environment as viable. The residence times and temperatures of the flare were characterized and compared to full-scale systems. Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus atrophaeus, nonpathogenic spores that may serve as surrogates for Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent for anthrax, were investigated to determine whether these organisms would be inactivated or remain viable after passing through a simulated landfill flare. High concentration spore solutions were aerosolized, dried, and sent through a bench-scale system to simulate the fate of biological weapon (BW)-grade spores in a landfill gas flare. Sampling was conducted downstream of the flare using a bioaerosol collection device containing sterile white mineral oil. The samples were cultured, incubated for seven days, and assessed for viability Results showed that the bench-scale system exhibited good similarity to the real-world conditions of an enclosed standard combustor flare stack with a single orifice, forced-draft diffusion burner All spores of G. stearothermophilus and B. atrophaeus were inactivated in the flare, indicating that spores that become re-entrained in landfill gas may not escape the landfill as viable, apparently becoming completely inactivated as they exit through a landfill flare. Implications: Following the release of biological weapons and subsequent cleanup efforts, large quantities of potentially contaminated wastes may be generated and require disposal. Landfill disposal is an option. However, data demonstrating the fate of viable pathogenic spores in a landfill do not exist in the literature. These data may be of interest to emergency response authorities, state and local permitting agencies, and waste management industries in the event that biological weapons residues from building decontamination wastes are transported to a landfill for disposal. The methodology developed here and the subsequent results may also be relevant to other landfill migration and release concerns, such as the release of other toxic particulate-based contaminants. C1 [Tufts, Jenia A. McBrian; Rosati, Jacky A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tufts, Jenia A. McBrian] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Tufts, JAM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, E343-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Tufts.Jenia@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [CR83323601]; EPA/UNC DESE; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded the research described here under Cooperative Training Agreement number CR83323601 to the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This paper has been subject to Agency review, but does not necessarily reflect the. views of the Agency. No official endorsement should be inferred.; The authors thank Dana Wimsatt and Bill Squier for the initial bench-scale landfill flare design and construction, Dr. David Leith and Dr. Jill Stewart for technical guidance and reviews, Maryanne Boundy for mentoring and technical reviews, Dr. Paul Lemieux for technical expertise, and Dr. Mort Barlaz for his assistance in the original design process. Jenia Tufts was funded by the EPA/UNC DESE Cooperative Training Agreement with the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 62 IS 2 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1080/10473289.2011.636862 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 891DN UT WOS:000300196800002 PM 22442931 ER PT J AU Krzyzynska, R Hutson, ND AF Krzyzynska, Renata Hutson, Nick D. TI Effect of solution pH on SO2, NOx, and Hg removal from simulated coal combustion flue gas in an oxidant-enhanced wet scrubber SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORITE; ABSORPTION; NACLO2; PLANTS AB This paper presents a study on the simultaneous removal of SO2, NOx and Hg (both Hg-0 and Hg2+) from a simulated flue gas by oxidant injection in a bench-simulated wet limestone scrubber for a wide range of slurry pH. The slurry pH strongly influenced the chemical mechanism in the scrubber and, therefore, affected pollutant removal. This paper also examines the potential ClO2(gas) reemission from a developed multipollutant scrubber at different slurry pHs. To better understand the chemical mechanisms at each slurry pH and to apply a mass balance to the process, detailed product ion analyses were performed for all experiments. Ion analysis covered three different chlorine species (chlorite, chloride, chlorate), sulfate, nitrite and nitrate. Different NOx removal efficiencies and mechanisms were found in acidic and alkaline pHs in the multipollutant scrubber The acidic solution was favorable for NO and Hg-0 oxidation, but increasing the slurry pH above 7.0 was disadvantageous for NO and Hg oxidation/removal. However, the rate of NOx absorption (by percentage) was higher for the alkaline solution. Implications: This paper demonstrated a method for controlling multipollutant (SO2, NOx, Hg) emissions from a gas stream of a stationary combustion source in a wet limestone wet-FGD scrubber enhanced by an oxidizing additive. This paper explores how the flue gas conditions, especially the slurry pH, affect the chemical mechanisms of the multipollutant process and the pollutant removal efficiencies. The pH may be important when considering the location of oxidant injection into the scrubber/channel, where local parameters such as pH strongly vary. The usage of chlorite additive is potentially threatens ClO2(gas) emission; therefore, research in this area was also presented in this paper. C1 [Krzyzynska, Renata] Wroclaw Univ Technol, Dept Environm Engn, Fac Environm Engn, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. [Hutson, Nick D.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Energy Strategies Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Krzyzynska, R (reprint author), Wroclaw Univ Technol, Dept Environm Engn, Fac Environm Engn, Wybrzeze Wvspianskiego 27, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. EM renata.krzyzynska@pwr.wroc.pl FU U.S. EPA (Office of Air and Radiation [OAR] and Office of Research and Development [ORD]); Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education FX This work was supported by funding from the U.S. EPA (Office of Air and Radiation [OAR] and Office of Research and Development [ORD]) and by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. Mention of trade names of commercial products and companies does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 59 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 62 IS 2 BP 212 EP 220 DI 10.1080/10473289.2011.642951 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 891DN UT WOS:000300196800008 PM 22442937 ER PT J AU Moore, MJC Langrehr, HA Angradi, TR AF Moore, Megan J. C. Langrehr, Heidi A. Angradi, Ted R. TI A submersed macrophyte index of condition for the Upper Mississippi River SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Submersed macrophyte index; Upper Mississippi River; Water quality; Lake Pepin ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; GREAT RIVERS; PLANT INDEX; QUALITY; MANAGEMENT; POLLUTION; WETLANDS; LAKES; ASSEMBLAGES AB Portions of the Upper Mississippi River are listed as impaired for aquatic life use under section 303(d) of the United States Clean Water Act by the State of Minnesota's Pollution Control Agency and Wisconsin's Department of Natural Resources for exceeding turbidity and eutrophication standards. To help regulatory agencies address Clean Water Act requirements, we developed a submersed macrophyte index (SMI) for the Upper Mississippi River. Aquatic macrophytes are a critical driver of the ecology of the Upper Mississippi River. Because they are rooted, they integrate the effects of long and short term physical and chemical disturbance. Fifty-four submersed macrophyte-based attributes were evaluated for inclusion in the index by testing their range, responsiveness to a published multimetric stressor gradient, scope of impairment among least impaired samples, and redundancy. Four attributes were ultimately selected as metrics for the SMI including (1) percent frequency of occurrence, (2) 95th percentile of maximum depth of submersed macrophyte occurrence, (3) total rake score, a measurement of abundance quantified by the proportion of rake tines filled by aquatic macrophytes, and (4) 95th percentile of submersed species richness. The SMI separated least and most impaired samples. Using the validation dataset, the stressor gradient explained 36% of the variation in the SMI. There was a significant downriver increase in SMI scores mostly due to the effect of Lake Pepin, in the middle of Pool 4 of the Upper Mississippi River, which serves as a settling basin for transported suspended solids, increasing water clarity and improving conditions for submersed macrophyte growth in areas downstream of the lake. Proximity to a navigation dam also affected SMI scores, which consistently decreased from the sample immediately above a dam to the sample immediately below. The individual metrics within the SMI appear to be driven by two principal forces: light penetration and hydrologic conditions created by navigation dams. The correspondingly low SMI scores where listed impairments occur substantiate the use of our SMI to detect such impairments. A significant relationship between the stressor gradient and our SMI further confirms our index's ability to detect anthropogenic stresses on the Upper Mississippi River. Our index is the first developed in North America using aquatic macrophytes for assessing large river ecosystem condition. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moore, Megan J. C.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Lake City, MN 55041 USA. [Langrehr, Heidi A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Angradi, Ted R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Moore, MJC (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 1801 S Oak St, Lake City, MN 55041 USA. EM megan.moore@state.mn.us; hlangrehr@usgs.gov; Angradi.theodore@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [CR83323801] FX This study was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program under Grant #CR83323801, a cooperative effort between EPA and the states of Minnesota and Wisconsin. D. Bolgrien (USEPA, Duluth, MN) assisted with study design discussion and approval, and provided valuable review of this manuscript. Annual progress reports and data collected were provided to T. Jicha (USEPA, Duluth, MN). NR 60 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 BP 196 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.06.003 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 835NG UT WOS:000296042500022 ER PT J AU Kireta, AR Reavie, ED Sgro, GV Angradi, TR Bolgrien, DW Hill, BH Jicha, TM AF Kireta, Amy R. Reavie, Euan D. Sgro, Gerald V. Angradi, Ted R. Bolgrien, David W. Hill, Brian H. Jicha, Terri M. TI Planktonic and periphytic diatoms as indicators of stress on great rivers of the United States: Testing water quality and disturbance models SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Diatoms; Bioassessment; Great rivers; Indicators; Periphyton; Phytoplankton ID MONITORING EUTROPHICATION; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; BENTHIC DIATOMS; LAKES; ASSEMBLAGES; INDEXES; ALGAE; BASIN; USA; BACILLARIOPHYCEAE AB Planktonic and periphytic diatom assemblages were investigated as potential biological indicators of ecological conditions in the Ohio, Missouri and Upper Mississippi rivers. Diatoms were analyzed to determine which of the two assemblage types was most appropriate for monitoring environmental conditions. The comparative effectiveness of diatom data format was similarly evaluated, testing relative and absolute abundance data. Stressor gradients for the rivers were created using principal components analysis for suites of water quality variables, landscape disturbance variables, and combined variables. Diatom-based weighted averaging transfer functions were developed for these integrated stressor gradients using each habitat and data format. Representing the diatoms as relative abundance data provided optimal tracking of environmental stress, and both periphyton and phytoplankton showed potential as indicators of disturbance. These results reinforce the use of relative abundance data, often used for diatom water quality monitoring, over more labor intensive data formats. Diatom-based models were also created to infer water quality measures and to compare measured and diatom-inferred water quality to landscape stressors. In most instances, diatom-inferred water quality data were more strongly related to watershed-based stressors. This investigation supports the value of diatoms in assessing landscape stressors in large rivers as well as the more traditionally applied water quality conditions. The findings further suggest both planktonic and periphytic diatom assemblages may be used as bioindicators of river condition and may provide unique stressor response information. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kireta, Amy R.; Reavie, Euan D.] Univ Minnesota Duluth, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, Ely, MN 55731 USA. [Sgro, Gerald V.] John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, University Hts, OH 44118 USA. [Angradi, Ted R.; Bolgrien, David W.; Hill, Brian H.; Jicha, Terri M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Kireta, AR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota Duluth, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, 1900 E Camp St, Ely, MN 55731 USA. EM akireta@umn.edu; ereavie@nrri.umn.edu; jsgro@jcu.edu; angradi.theodore@epa.gov; bolgrien.dave@epa.gov; hill.brian@epa.gov; jicha.terri@epa.gov RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013; OI Reavie, Euan/0000-0001-8871-5809 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR-83272401] FX Special thanks to EMAP-GRE field crews for diatom and water quality collections and K. Kennedy and L. Allinger for slide preparations. We would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers who much improved this manuscript with their suggestions. This study was supported by a grant to E. Reavie from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under cooperative Agreement CR-83272401. This document has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the view of the Agency, and no official endorsements should be inferred. This is contribution number XXX4 of the Center for Water and the Environment, Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth. NR 71 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 BP 222 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.06.006 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 835NG UT WOS:000296042500025 ER PT J AU Musselman, CA Ramirez, J Sims, JK Mansfield, RE Oliver, SS Denu, JM Mackay, JP Wade, PA Hagman, J Kutateladze, TG AF Musselman, Catherine A. Ramirez, Julita Sims, Jennifer K. Mansfield, Robyn E. Oliver, Samuel S. Denu, John M. Mackay, Joel P. Wade, Paul A. Hagman, James Kutateladze, Tatiana G. TI Bivalent Recognition of a Single Nucleosome by the Tandem PHD Fingers of CHD4 is Required for CHD4-Mediated Repression SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Musselman, Catherine A.; Kutateladze, Tatiana G.] Univ Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO USA. [Ramirez, Julita; Hagman, James] Natl Jewish Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Sims, Jennifer K.; Wade, Paul A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Mansfield, Robyn E.; Mackay, Joel P.] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Oliver, Samuel S.; Denu, John M.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 31 PY 2012 VL 102 IS 3 SU 1 BP 480A EP 480A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 179ZF UT WOS:000321561203312 ER PT J AU Golden, HE Knightes, CD Conrads, PA Davis, GM Feaster, TD Journey, CA Benedict, ST Brigham, ME Bradley, PM AF Golden, H. E. Knightes, C. D. Conrads, P. A. Davis, G. M. Feaster, T. D. Journey, C. A. Benedict, S. T. Brigham, M. E. Bradley, P. M. TI Characterizing mercury concentrations and fluxes in a Coastal Plain watershed: Insights from dynamic modeling and data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; SOUTH-CAROLINA; COMMON LOONS; USA; TRANSPORT; RIVERS; BIOACCUMULATION; HYDROLOGY; STREAM; LOADS AB Mercury (Hg) is one of the leading water quality concerns in surface waters of the United States. Although watershed-scale Hg cycling research has increased in the past two decades, advances in modeling watershed Hg processes in diverse physiographic regions, spatial scales, and land cover types are needed. The goal of this study was to assess Hg cycling in a Coastal Plain system using concentrations and fluxes estimated by multiple watershed-scale models with distinct mathematical frameworks reflecting different system dynamics. We simulated total mercury (Hg-T, the sum of filtered and particulate forms) concentrations and fluxes from a Coastal Plain watershed (McTier Creek) using three watershed Hg models and an empirical load model. Model output was compared with observed in-stream Hg-T. We found that shallow subsurface flow is a potentially important transport mechanism of particulate Hg-T during periods when connectivity between the uplands and surface waters is maximized. Other processes (e. g., stream bank erosion, sediment re-suspension) may increase particulate Hg-T in the water column. Simulations and data suggest that variable source area (VSA) flow and lack of rainfall interactions with surface soil horizons result in increased dissolved Hg-T concentrations unrelated to DOC mobilization following precipitation events. Although flushing of DOC-Hg-T complexes from surface soils can also occur during this period, DOC-complexed Hg-T becomes more important during base flow conditions. TOPLOAD simulations highlight saturated subsurface flow as a primary driver of daily Hg-T loadings, but shallow subsurface flow is important for Hg-T loads during high-flow events. Results suggest limited seasonal trends in Hg-T dynamics. C1 [Golden, H. E.] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Knightes, C. D.; Davis, G. M.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Conrads, P. A.; Journey, C. A.; Bradley, P. M.] US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Feaster, T. D.; Benedict, S. T.] US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Clemson Field Off, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Brigham, M. E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Water Sci Ctr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. RP Golden, HE (reprint author), US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Golden.Heather@epa.gov OI Brigham, Mark/0000-0001-7412-6800 NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JAN 26 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G01006 DI 10.1029/2011JG001806 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 884KA UT WOS:000299702500001 ER PT J AU Rao, JS Kim, HW Kellom, M Greenstein, D Chen, M Kraft, AD Harry, GJ Rapoport, SI Basselin, M AF Rao, Jagadeesh Sridhara Kim, Hyung-Wook Kellom, Matthew Greenstein, Dede Chen, Mei Kraft, Andrew David Harry, Gaylia Jean Rapoport, Stanley Isaac Basselin, Mireille TI Increased neuroinflammatory and arachidonic acid cascade markers, and reduced synaptic proteins, in brain of HIV-1 transgenic rats (vol 8, pg 101, 2011) SO JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION LA English DT Correction AB Correction to Rao J S, Kim H W, Kellom M, Greenstein D, Chen M, Kraft A D, Harry G J, Rapoport S I, Basselin M. Increased neuroinflammatory and arachidonic acid cascade markers, and reduced synaptic proteins, in brain of HIV-1 transgenic rats. Journal of Neuroinflammation 8:101. C1 [Rao, Jagadeesh Sridhara; Kim, Hyung-Wook; Kellom, Matthew; Chen, Mei; Rapoport, Stanley Isaac; Basselin, Mireille] NIA, Brain Physiol & Metab Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Greenstein, Dede] NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kraft, Andrew David; Harry, Gaylia Jean] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, NIH, Durham, NC 27709 USA. RP Rao, JS (reprint author), NIA, Brain Physiol & Metab Sect, 9000 Rockville Pike,Bldg 9,1S-126, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM jrao@mail.nih.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-2094 J9 J NEUROINFLAMM JI J. Neuroinflamm. PD JAN 23 PY 2012 VL 9 AR 19 DI 10.1186/1742-2094-9-19 PG 1 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 917HY UT WOS:000302165300001 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, B Wrenn, BA Ramachandran, P AF Mukherjee, Biplab Wrenn, Brian A. Ramachandran, Palghat TI Relationship between size of oil droplet generated during chemical dispersion of crude oil and energy dissipation rate: Dimensionless, scaling, and experimental analysis SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Scaling laws; Dimensionless analysis; Characteristic length; Velocity scale; Energy dissipation rate; Chemical dispersion ID LIQUID-LIQUID DISPERSIONS; EFFECTIVENESS PROTOCOL; AGITATED TANK; MIXING ENERGY; BREAK-UP; SPILL; PERFORMANCE; TURBULENCE; DYNAMICS; FLOW AB Droplet formation mechanisms during the chemical dispersion of crude oil were investigated using both theoretical and experimental approaches. Dimensionless and force balance analysis identified four distinct regimes of droplet formations. For d > eta, d scales either with (epsilon(-2/5)) or (epsilon(-1/4)) or and for d < eta, d scales either with (epsilon(-1/2)) or (epsilon(-1/4)) depending on whether the main restoring force against droplet breakage is provided by surface tension or oil viscosity. The symbols d, eta, and epsilon represent the droplet diameter, the Kolmogorov length scale, and energy dissipation rate, respectively. For d > eta and < eta, the external force, which tries to deform and break the droplet is provided by the pressure difference across the droplet diameter and viscous shear, respectively. Identification of the relationship d similar to(epsilon(-1/4)) for d < eta is a new contribution of this present study. The validity of this relationship was also proven by our experimental observations over a range of physical properties (dynamic viscosity 0.015-8.6 Pa s; oil-water interfacial tension 0.0001-0.015 N/m) and mixing energies (0.00075-0.16 W/kg), similar to those in real environmental settings (e.g., estuary, surface layer of oceans). All these above findings and observations are vital from the stand point of appropriately scaling droplet formation process, during chemical dispersion of crude oil, and in the development of reliable predictive models. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mukherjee, Biplab; Ramachandran, Palghat] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Wrenn, Brian A.] Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Mukherjee, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Council Associate, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mukherjee.biplab@epa.gov FU Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering FX The authors would like to thank Larry Heugatter (Conoco Philips Co.) for providing the crude oils used in the research, and Pratim Biswas (Washington University) for providing access to the optical particle counter. The Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering provided financial support to BM during this research. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD JAN 22 PY 2012 VL 68 IS 1 BP 432 EP 442 DI 10.1016/j.ces.2011.10.001 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 846DC UT WOS:000296876400038 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Ward, WO Knapp, G Ren, HZ Vallanat, B Abbott, B Ho, K Karp, SJ Corton, JC AF Lee, Janice S. Ward, William O. Knapp, Geremy Ren, Hongzu Vallanat, Beena Abbott, Barbara Ho, Karen Karp, Seth J. Corton, J. Christopher TI Transcriptional ontogeny of the developing liver SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; MULTISTAGE ANALYSIS; MOUSE; CELLS; PANCREAS; ERYTHROPOIETIN; METABOLISM; RECEPTOR; MICE AB Background: During embryogenesis the liver is derived from endodermal cells lining the digestive tract. These endodermal progenitor cells contribute to forming the parenchyma of a number of organs including the liver and pancreas. Early in organogenesis the fetal liver is populated by hematopoietic stem cells, the source for a number of blood cells including nucleated erythrocytes. A comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional changes that occur during the early stages of development to adulthood in the liver was carried out. Results: We characterized gene expression changes in the developing mouse liver at gestational days (GD) 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.5, 16.5, and 19 and in the neonate (postnatal day (PND) 7 and 32) compared to that in the adult liver (PND67) using full-genome microarrays. The fetal liver, and to a lesser extent the neonatal liver, exhibited dramatic differences in gene expression compared to adults. Canonical pathway analysis of the fetal liver signature demonstrated increases in functions important in cell replication and DNA fidelity whereas most metabolic pathways of intermediary metabolism were under expressed. Comparison of the dataset to a number of previously published microarray datasets revealed 1) a striking similarity between the fetal liver and that of the pancreas in both mice and humans, 2) a nucleated erythrocyte signature in the fetus and 3) under expression of most xenobiotic metabolism genes throughout development, with the exception of a number of transporters associated with either hematopoietic cells or cell proliferation in hepatocytes. Conclusions: Overall, these findings reveal the complexity of gene expression changes during liver development and maturation, and provide a foundation to predict responses to chemical and drug exposure as a function of early life-stages. C1 [Lee, Janice S.; Ward, William O.; Knapp, Geremy; Ren, Hongzu; Vallanat, Beena; Abbott, Barbara; Corton, J. Christopher] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lee, Janice S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ho, Karen; Karp, Seth J.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lee.janices@epa.gov; corton.chris@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We wish to thank Kathleen Wallace and Tanya Moore for their assistance with the animal studies, Dr. Jie Liu for assistance in the RT-PCR experiments, and Drs. Mitch Rosen and Robert MacPhail for their critical review of this manuscript. The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JAN 19 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 33 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-13-33 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 914CR UT WOS:000301926900001 PM 22260730 ER PT J AU Raab, JR Chiu, J Zhu, JC Katzman, S Kurukuti, S Wade, PA Haussler, D Kamakaka, RT AF Raab, Jesse R. Chiu, Jonathan Zhu, Jingchun Katzman, Sol Kurukuti, Sreenivasulu Wade, Paul A. Haussler, David Kamakaka, Rohinton T. TI Human tRNA genes function as chromatin insulators SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE chromatin; chromosome conformation capture; human; insulator; tRNA ID POLYMERASE-III TRANSCRIPTION; BETA-GLOBIN INSULATOR; ENHANCER-BLOCKING ACTIVITY; GENOME-WIDE LOCALIZATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FISSION YEAST; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; POL-II; HETEROCHROMATIN BARRIERS; CHROMOSOME CONFORMATION AB Insulators help separate active chromatin domains from silenced ones. In yeast, gene promoters act as insulators to block the spread of Sir and HP1 mediated silencing while in metazoans most insulators are multipartite autonomous entities. tDNAs are repetitive sequences dispersed throughout the human genome and we now show that some of these tDNAs can function as insulators in human cells. Using computational methods, we identified putative human tDNA insulators. Using silencer blocking, transgene protection and repressor blocking assays we show that some of these tDNA-containing fragments can function as barrier insulators in human cells. We find that these elements also have the ability to block enhancers from activating RNA pol II transcribed promoters. Characterization of a putative tDNA insulator in human cells reveals that the site possesses chromatin signatures similar to those observed at other better-characterized eukaryotic insulators. Enhanced 4C analysis demonstrates that the tDNA insulator makes long-range chromatin contacts with other tDNAs and ETC sites but not with intervening or flanking RNA pol II transcribed genes. The EMBO Journal (2012) 31, 330-350. doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.406; Published online 15 November 2011 C1 [Raab, Jesse R.; Chiu, Jonathan; Katzman, Sol; Kamakaka, Rohinton T.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept MCD Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Zhu, Jingchun; Haussler, David] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Biomol Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Kurukuti, Sreenivasulu] Univ Hyderabad, Sch Life Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Hyderabad 500134, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Wade, Paul A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kamakaka, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept MCD Biol, 249 Sinsheimer Labs,1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM rohinton@ucsc.edu OI Raab, Jesse/0000-0001-6387-8994 FU NIH [GM078068]; University of California Cancer Research coordinating committee [T32-GM008646]; UC [2008-16] FX We would like to thank Adam West, Mike Bulger and Frederique Magdinier for protocols and advice during the course of this research. We would like to thank Gary Felsenfeld, Nigel Bunnett, Robin Allshire, Kristin Scott, Michael Carey, Claudius Vincenz and Naoko Tanese for plasmids and reagents. We would also like to acknowledge the technical help of Serdar Kasakyan. This work was supported by a grant from the NIH (GM078068) and the University of California Cancer Research coordinating committee to RTK and (T32-GM008646, and the GREAT Training Program of the UC System wide Biotechnology Research and Education Program, grant # 2008-16) to JR. Integrated DNA technologies synthesized the wild-type and mutant 1.2kb fragment analysed in Supplementary Figure S4. NR 151 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD JAN 18 PY 2012 VL 31 IS 2 BP 330 EP 350 DI 10.1038/emboj.2011.406 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 888ZQ UT WOS:000300043700010 PM 22085927 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD AF Richardson, Susan D. TI Environmental Mass Spectrometry: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION-TIME; PERFLUORINATED CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; BENZOTRIAZOLE UV STABILIZERS; EFFECT-DIRECTED ANALYSIS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Richardson, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 251 TC 146 Z9 150 U1 18 U2 296 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 2 BP 747 EP 778 DI 10.1021/ac202903d PG 32 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 876UY UT WOS:000299134400014 PM 22147689 ER PT J AU Blackman, CF AF Blackman, C. F. TI Treating cancer with amplitude-modulated electromagnetic fields: a potential paradigm shift, again? SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div B105 03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Blackman, CF (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div B105 03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Blackman.Carl@epa.gov OI Blackman, Carl/0000-0003-3267-5224 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0007-0920 J9 BRIT J CANCER JI Br. J. Cancer PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 106 IS 2 BP 241 EP 242 DI 10.1038/bjc.2011.576 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 879HU UT WOS:000299321100001 PM 22251967 ER PT J AU Anastas, PT AF Anastas, Paul T. TI Fundamental Changes to EPA's Research Enterprise: The Path Forward SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Anastas, PT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM Anastas.Paul@epa.gov NR 32 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 580 EP 586 DI 10.1021/es203881e PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876VQ UT WOS:000299136200004 PM 22216884 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, BA Hagy, JD Conmy, RN Lehrter, JC Stumpf, RP AF Schaeffer, Blake A. Hagy, James D. Conmy, Robyn N. Lehrter, John C. Stumpf, Richard P. TI An Approach to Developing Numeric Water Quality Criteria for Coastal Waters Using the SeaWiFS Satellite Data Record SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHLOROPHYLL-A; MULTISENSOR APPROACH; KARENIA-BREVIS; OCEAN; BLOOMS; VARIABILITY; PRODUCTS; NITROGEN; HYPOXIA AB Human activities on land increase nutrient loads to coastal waters, which can increase phytoplankton production and biomass and associated ecological impacts. Numeric nutrient water quality standards are needed to protect coastal waters from eutrophication impacts. The Environmental Protection Agency determined that numeric nutrient criteria were necessary to protect designated uses of Florida's waters. The objective of this study was to evaluate a reference condition approach for developing numeric water quality criteria for coastal waters, using data from Florida. Florida's coastal waters have not been monitored comprehensively via field sampling to support numeric criteria development. However, satellite remote sensing had the potential to provide adequate data. Spatial and temporal measures of SeaWiFS OC4 chlorophyll-a (Chl(RS)-a, mg m(-3)) were resolved across Florida's coastal waters between 1997 and 2010 and compared with in situ measurements. Statistical distributions of Chl(RS)-a were evaluated to determine a quantitative reference baseline. A binomial approach was implemented to consider how new data could be sensing approach to derive numeric criteria may be generally applicable to other coastal waters. assessed against the criteria. The proposed satellite remote: C1 [Schaeffer, Blake A.; Hagy, James D.; Conmy, Robyn N.; Lehrter, John C.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Stumpf, Richard P.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Schaeffer, BA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM schaeffer.blake@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This is contribution number 1425 from the Gulf Ecology Division. Jeff Jackson provided extensive GIS support. Tetra Tech, Inc. queried in situ data for satellite match-ups. Mario R. Sengco assisted in the compilation of ECOHAB data and FWRI counts, and provided comments on available K. brevis research. We thank Dr. Zhong Ping Lee at the Mississippi State University for his comments and suggestions. Finally, we thank the three anonymous reviewers for their critical comments. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 916 EP 922 DI 10.1021/es2014105 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876VQ UT WOS:000299136200046 PM 22192062 ER PT J AU Gullett, BK Oudejans, L Tabor, D Touati, A Ryan, S AF Gullett, Brian K. Oudejans, Lukas Tabor, Dennis Touati, Abderrahmane Ryan, Shawn TI Near-Real-Time Combustion Monitoring for PCDD/PCDF Indicators by GC-REMPI-TOFMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WASTE INCINERATION PLANTS; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FLUE-GAS; MUNICIPAL WASTE; ONLINE; IONIZATION; EMISSIONS; SURROGATE; DIOXINS; SYSTEM AB The boiler exit flue gas of a municipal waste combustor was sampled to evaluate an online monitoring system for chlorobenzene congeners as indicators of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/PCDF) concentrations. Continuous measurements of chlorobenzene congeners using gas chromatography coupled to a resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization - time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-REMPI-TOFMS) system were compared over 5-min periods with conventional sampling methods for PCDD/PCDF. Three pairs of values were taken every hour over a period of three days to characterize the combustor's response to transient operating conditions (shutdowns and startups). Isolation of specific chlorobenzene congeners from other same-mass compounds was accomplished by using a GC column separator ahead of the REMPI-TOFMS. The 50-fold variation of PCDD/PCDF concentration was paralleled by similar changes in monitored compounds of 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene. A correlation of R = 0.85 and 0.89 was established between 40 pairs of simultaneous 5-min GC-REMPI-TOFMS measurements of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and 5 min conventional sampling and analysis for the TEQ and Total measures of PCDD/PCDF, respectively. The GC-REMPI-TOFMS system can be used to provide frequent measures of correlative PCDD/PCDF concentration thereby allowing for an understanding of measures to minimize PCDD/PCDF formation and develop operational feedback to limit emissions. C1 [Gullett, Brian K.; Oudejans, Lukas; Tabor, Dennis; Ryan, Shawn] US EPA, Off Res & Dev E305 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Touati, Abderrahmane] ARCADIS US Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev E305 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Gullett.brian@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors appreciate the sampling expertise of Christelle Briois, Johanna Aurell, Donnie Gillis, Steve Terll, Matt Clayton, Emily Gibb-Snyder, Barbara Wyrzykowska-Ceradini, and Jeong-Eun Oh. In addition, technical advice and inspiration were received from Harald Oser and Horst-Henning Grotheer. Plant personnel were extremely cooperative, and we are most appreciative of their contributions. This work was entirely funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 923 EP 928 DI 10.1021/es2027339 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876VQ UT WOS:000299136200047 PM 22142400 ER PT J AU Shanks, OC Sivaganesan, M Peed, L Kelty, CA Blackwood, AD Greene, MR Noble, RT Bushon, RN Stelzer, EA Kinzelman, J Anan'eva, T Sinigalliano, C Wanless, D Griffith, J Cao, YP Weisberg, S Harwood, VJ Staley, C Oshima, KH Varma, M Haugland, RA AF Shanks, Orin C. Sivaganesan, Mano Peed, Lindsay Kelty, Catherine A. Blackwood, A. Denene Greene, Monica R. Noble, Rachel T. Bushon, Rebecca N. Stelzer, Erin A. Kinzelman, Julie Anan'eva, Tamara Sinigalliano, Christopher Wanless, David Griffith, John Cao, Yiping Weisberg, Steve Harwood, Valarie J. Staley, Christopher Oshima, Kevin H. Varma, Manju Haugland, Richard A. TI Interlaboratory Comparison of Real-Time PCR Protocols for Quantification of General Fecal Indicator Bacteria SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; QUANTITATIVE PCR; GENETIC-MARKERS; SURFACE WATERS; FRESH-WATER; ASSAYS; BACTEROIDALES; PERFORMANCE; POLLUTION AB The application of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) technologies for the rapid identification of fecal bacteria in environmental waters is being considered for use as a national water quality metric in the United States. The transition from research tool to a standardized protocol requires information on the reproducibility and sources of variation associated with qPCR methodology across laboratories. This study examines interlaboratory variability in the measurement of enterococci and Bacteroidales concentrations from standardized, spiked, and environmental sources of DNA using the Enterola and GenBac3 qPCR methods, respectively. Comparisons are based on data generated from eight different research facilities. Special attention was placed on the influence of the DNA isolation step and effect of simplex and multiplex amplification approaches on interlaboratory variability. Results suggest that a crude lysate is sufficient for DNA isolation unless environmental samples contain substances that can inhibit qPCR amplification. No appreciable difference was observed between simplex and multiplex amplification approaches. Overall interlaboratory variability levels remained low (<10% coefficient of variation) regardless of qPCR protocol. C1 [Shanks, Orin C.; Sivaganesan, Mano; Peed, Lindsay; Kelty, Catherine A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Blackwood, A. Denene; Greene, Monica R.; Noble, Rachel T.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Bushon, Rebecca N.; Stelzer, Erin A.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH USA. [Kinzelman, Julie; Anan'eva, Tamara] City Racine Hlth Dept, Racine, WI USA. [Sinigalliano, Christopher; Wanless, David] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL USA. [Griffith, John; Cao, Yiping; Weisberg, Steve] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [Harwood, Valarie J.; Staley, Christopher] Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Oshima, Kevin H.; Varma, Manju; Haugland, Richard A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Shanks, OC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shanks.orin@epa.gov RI Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008; Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425; Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; Stelzer, Erin/0000-0001-7645-7603 NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 945 EP 953 DI 10.1021/es2031455 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876VQ UT WOS:000299136200050 PM 22133009 ER PT J AU Musselman, CA Ramirez, J Sims, JK Mansfield, RE Oliver, SS Denu, JM Mackay, JP Wade, PA Hagman, J Kutateladze, TG AF Musselman, Catherine A. Ramirez, Julita Sims, Jennifer K. Mansfield, Robyn E. Oliver, Samuel S. Denu, John M. Mackay, Joel P. Wade, Paul A. Hagman, James Kutateladze, Tatiana G. TI Bivalent recognition of nucleosomes by the tandem PHD fingers of the CHD4 ATPase is required for CHD4-mediated repression SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE gene repression; epigenetics; histone; posttranslational modifications ID HISTONE H3 TAIL; REMODELING COMPLEX; DNA-DAMAGE; CHROMODOMAIN; DEACETYLASE; BINDING; DERMATOMYOSITIS; AUTOANTIGEN; MECHANISM; PROTEINS AB CHD(4) is a catalytic subunit of the NuRD (nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase) complex essential in transcriptional regulation, chromatin assembly and DNA damage repair. CHD4 contains tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers connected by a short linker, the biological function of which remains unclear. Here we explore the combinatorial action of the CHD4 PHD1/2 fingers and detail the molecular basis for their association with chromatin. We found that PHD1/2 targets nucleosomes in a multivalent manner, concomitantly engaging two histone H3 tails. This robust synergistic interaction displaces HP1 gamma from pericentric sites, inducing changes in chromatin structure and leading to the dispersion of the heterochromatic mark H3K9me3. We demonstrate that recognition of the histone H3 tails by the PHD fingers is required for repressive activity of the CHD4/NuRD complex. Together, our data elucidate the molecular mechanism of multivalent association of the PHD fingers with chromatin and reveal their critical role in the regulation of CHD4 functions. C1 [Musselman, Catherine A.; Kutateladze, Tatiana G.] Univ Colorado Denver Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Ramirez, Julita; Hagman, James] Natl Jewish Hlth, Integrated Dept Immunol, Denver, CO 80206 USA. [Sims, Jennifer K.; Wade, Paul A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Mansfield, Robyn E.; Mackay, Joel P.] Univ Sydney, Sch Mol Biosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Oliver, Samuel S.; Denu, John M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomol Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kutateladze, TG (reprint author), Univ Colorado Denver Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM Tatiana.Kutateladze@UCDenver.edu OI Mackay, Joel/0000-0001-7508-8033 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [GM096863, CA113472, R01 AI054661, AI081878, T32 AI07405]; Cancer League of Colorado; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH [Z01ES101765]; Rocky Mountain Chapter of the Arthritis Foundation; NIH National Research Service (NHLBI) [F32HL096399] FX We thank F. Davrazou, J. Scorgie, and B. Hirsch for help with the experiments and discussions; G. Blobel for the CHD4 cDNA plasmid; and K. Luger for the histone H3 and H4 plasmids. This research is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (GM096863 and CA113472) and the Cancer League of Colorado to T. G. K. and NIH Grants R01 AI054661 and AI081878 to J. H. This work is also supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH (Z01ES101765 to P. W.). J. R. was supported by a generous grant from the Rocky Mountain Chapter of the Arthritis Foundation and NIH Postdoctoral Training Grant T32 AI07405. C. A. M. is an NIH National Research Service Award postdoctoral fellow (NHLBI, F32HL096399). NR 31 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 3 BP 787 EP 792 DI 10.1073/pnas.1113655109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 877CK UT WOS:000299154000034 PM 22215588 ER PT J AU Kreakie, BJ Fan, Y Keitt, TH AF Kreakie, Betty J. Fan, Ying Keitt, Timothy H. TI Enhanced Migratory Waterfowl Distribution Modeling by Inclusion of Depth to Water Table Data SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; HABITAT MODELS; UNITED-STATES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; PRESENCE-ABSENCE; LAND-COVER; ECOLOGY; WETLAND AB In addition to being used as a tool for ecological understanding, management and conservation of migratory waterfowl rely heavily on distribution models; yet these models have poor accuracy when compared to models of other bird groups. The goal of this study is to offer methods to enhance our ability to accurately model the spatial distributions of six migratory waterfowl species. This goal is accomplished by creating models based on species-specific annual cycles and introducing a depth to water table (DWT) data set. The DWT data set, a wetland proxy, is a simulated long-term measure of the point either at or below the surface where climate and geological/topographic water fluxes balance. For species occurrences, the USGS' banding bird data for six relatively common species was used. Distribution models are constructed using Random Forest and MaxEnt. Random Forest classification of habitat and non-habitat provided a measure of DWT variable importance, which indicated that DWT is as important, and often more important, to model accuracy as temperature, precipitation, elevation, and an alternative wetland measure. MaxEnt models that included DWT in addition to traditional predictor variables had a considerable increase in classification accuracy. Also, MaxEnt models created with DWT often had higher accuracy when compared with models created with an alternative measure of wetland habitat. By comparing maps of predicted probability of occurrence and response curves, it is possible to explore how different species respond to water table depth and how a species responds in different seasons. The results of this analysis also illustrate that, as expected, all waterfowl species are tightly affiliated with shallow water table habitat. However, this study illustrates that the intensity of affiliation is not constant between seasons for a species, nor is it consistent between species. C1 [Kreakie, Betty J.; Keitt, Timothy H.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Fan, Ying] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Piscataway, NJ USA. RP Kreakie, BJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI USA. EM kreakie.betty@epa.gov OI Kreakie, Betty/0000-0002-4982-7610 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Southeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Duke University FX This research was supported by a grant to THK from the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Southeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Duke University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 AR e30142 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0030142 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 907XU UT WOS:000301454400066 PM 22272288 ER PT J AU Mottaleb, MA Osemwengie, LI Islam, MR Sovocool, GW AF Mottaleb, M. Abdul Osemwengie, Lantis I. Islam, M. Rafiq Sovocool, G. Wayne TI Identification of bound nitro musk-protein adducts in fish liver by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: Biotransformation, dose-response and toxicokinetics of nitro musk metabolites protein adducts in trout liver as biomarkers of exposure SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitro musk-proteins adduct; Biotransformation; Dose-response and toxicokinetics; biomarker of exposure; Fish liver; GC-MS ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; HUMAN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; XYLENE; GENOTOXICITY; FRAGRANCES; PHARMACEUTICALS; MUTAGENICITY; HEMOGLOBIN; TOXICITY AB Ubiquitous occurrences of synthetic nitro musks are evident in the literature. The in vivo analysis of musk xylene (MX) and musk ketone (MK)-protein adducts in trout liver has been performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using selected ion monitoring (GC-SIM-MS). Biotransformation, dose-response and toxicokinetics studies of 2-amino-MX (2-AMX), 2-amino-MK (2-AMK) and 4-amino-MX (4-AMX) metabolites, covalently bound to cysteine amino acids in proteins in fish liver, formed by enzymatic nitro-reduction of MX and MK, have been described. Trouts were exposed to single exposures of 0.010, 0.030, 0.10, and 0.30 mg/g MX and/or MK. Forty-two fish liver samples were collected from exposed- and control-fish subsequent to exposure intervals of 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days and were composited as per exposure schedules and times. Alkaline hydrolysis released bound metabolites from exposed liver composites that were extracted into n-hexane and then concentrated and analyzed by GC-SIM-MS. The presence of the metabolites in liver extracts was confirmed based on agreement of similar mass spectral properties and retention times with standards. In the dose-response study, the maximum adduct formation was 492.0 ng/g for 2-AMX, 505.5 ng/g for 2-AMK and 12588.5 ng/g for 4-AMX in liver at 0.03 mg/g MX and MK fish in 1 day after exposure. For toxicokinetics investigation, the highest amount of the target metabolites was found to be the same concentration as observed in the dose-response study for 1 day after exposure with 0.03 mg/g MX and MK fish and the half-lives of the metabolites were estimated to be 2-9 days based on assumption of first-order kinetics. Average recoveries exceeded 95% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) around 9%, and the limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.91 to 3.8 ng/g based on a signal to noise ratio of 10 (S/N =10) could be achieved for the metabolites. No metabolites were detected in the controls and exposed non-hydrolyzed liver extracts. This is the first report on dose-response and toxicokinetics of nitro musk-cysteine-protein adducts in fish liver. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mottaleb, M. Abdul; Islam, M. Rafiq] NW Missouri State Univ, Dept Chem Phys, Ctr Innovat & Entrepreneurship, Maryville, MO 64468 USA. [Osemwengie, Lantis I.; Sovocool, G. Wayne] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Mottaleb, MA (reprint author), NW Missouri State Univ, Dept Chem Phys, Ctr Innovat & Entrepreneurship, 800 Univ Dr, Maryville, MO 64468 USA. EM mmottaleb@yahoo.com FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through Office of Research and Development (ORD) FX The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), funded and performed the research described. This manuscript has been subjected to the EPA's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this manuscript does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by the EPA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 106 BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.11.010 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 891GN UT WOS:000300205300020 PM 22172543 ER PT J AU Noah, TL Zhou, HB Zhang, HT Horvath, K Robinette, C Kesic, M Meyer, M Diaz-Sanchez, D Jaspers, I AF Noah, Terry L. Zhou, Haibo Zhang, Hongtao Horvath, Katie Robinette, Carole Kesic, Matthew Meyer, Megan Diaz-Sanchez, David Jaspers, Ilona TI Diesel Exhaust Exposure and Nasal Response to Attenuated Influenza in Normal and Allergic Volunteers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diesel; influenza; eosinophil cationic protein; eotaxin-1; interferon-gamma ID AIR-POLLUTION; DENDRITIC CELLS; PARTICULATE MATTER; VIRAL-INFECTION; ASTHMA; VIRUS; MICE; PARTICLES; CHILDREN; SMOKE AB Rationale: Diesel exhaust enhances allergic inflammation, and pollutants are associated with heightened susceptibility to viral respiratory infections. The effects of combined diesel and virus exposure in humans are unknown. Objectives: Test whether acute exposure to diesel modifies inflammatory responses to influenza virus in normal humans and those with allergies. Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of nasal responses to live attenuated influenza virus in normal volunteers and those with allergic rhinitis exposed to diesel (100 mu g/m(3)) or clean air for 2 hours, followed by standard dose of virus and serial nasal lavages. Endpoints were inflammatory mediators (ELISA) and virus quantity (quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). To test for exposure effect, we used multiple regression with exposure group (diesel vs. air) as the main explanatory variable and allergic status as an additional factor. Measurements and Main Results: Baseline levels of mediators did not differ among groups. For most postvirus nasal cytokine responses, there was no significant diesel effect, and no significant interaction with allergy. However, diesel was associated with significantly increased IFN-gamma responses (P = 0.02), with no interaction with allergy in the regression model. Eotaxin-1 (P = 0.01), eosinophil cationic protein (P < 0.01), and influenza RNA sequences in nasal cells (P = 0.03) were significantly increased with diesel exposure, linked to allergy. Conclusions: Short-term exposure to diesel exhaust leads to increased eosinophil activation and increased virus quantity after virus inoculation in those with allergic rhinitis. This is consistent with previous literature suggesting a diesel "adjuvant" effect promoting allergic inflammation, and our data further suggest this change may be associated with reduced virus clearance. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00617110). C1 [Noah, Terry L.; Robinette, Carole; Jaspers, Ilona] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Noah, Terry L.; Zhou, Haibo; Robinette, Carole; Kesic, Matthew; Jaspers, Ilona] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Zhang, Hongtao] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Horvath, Katie] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Meyer, Megan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Diaz-Sanchez, David] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Noah, TL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Campus Box 7310, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM terry_noah@med.unc.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30 ES010126, R01 ES013611]; United States Environmental Protection Agency [CR83346301]; Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill FX Supported by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30 ES010126 and R01 ES013611). Although the research described in this article has also been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through cooperative agreement CR83346301 with the Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review, and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 185 IS 2 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1164/rccm.201103-0465OC PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 879EC UT WOS:000299311500010 PM 22071326 ER PT J AU Sanders, K Degn, LL Mundy, WR Zucker, RM Dreher, K Zhao, BZ Roberts, JE Boyes, WK AF Sanders, Kristen Degn, Laura L. Mundy, William R. Zucker, Robert M. Dreher, Kevin Zhao, Baozhong Roberts, Joan E. Boyes, William K. TI In Vitro Phototoxicity and Hazard Identification of Nano-scale Titanium Dioxide SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticles; Titanium dioxide; Phototoxicity; Retinal pigment epithelium ID MEDIATED PHOTOCATALYZED DEGRADATION; LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS; TIO2 PHOTOCATALYSIS; OXIDANT GENERATION; AQUEOUS SUSPENSION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; TOXICITY; NANOPARTICLES; CYTOTOXICITY; IRRADIATION AB Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO(2)) catalyze reactions under UV radiation and are hypothesized to cause phototoxicity. A human-derived line of retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) was treated with six samples of nano-TiO(2) and exposed to UVA radiation. The TiO(2) nanoparticles were independently characterized to have mean primary particle sizes and crystal structures of 22 nm anatase/rutile, 25 nm anatase, 31 nm anatase/rutile, 59 nm anatase/rutile, 142 nm anatase, and 214 nm rutile. Particles were suspended in cell culture media, sonicated, and assessed for stability and aggregation by dynamic light scattering. Cells were treated with 0, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, or 100 mu g/ml nano-TiO(2) in media for 24 hrs and then exposed to UVA (2 hrs, 7.53 J/cm(2)) or kept in the dark. Viability was assessed 24 hrs after the end of UVA exposure by microscopy with a live/dead assay (calcein-AM/propidium iodide). Exposure to higher concentrations of nano-TiO(2) with UVA lowered cell viability. The 25 nm anatase and 31 nm anatase/rutile were the most phototoxic (LC(50) with UVA<5 mu g/ml), while the 142 nm anatase and 214 nm rutile were the least phototoxic. An acellular assay ranked TiO(2) nanoparticles for their UVA photocatalytic reactivities. The particles were found to be capable of generating thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) under UVA. Flow cytometry showed that nano-TiO(2) combined with UVA decreased cell viability and increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS, measured by Mitosox). LC(50) values under UVA were correlated with TBARS reactivity, particle size, and surface area. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sanders, Kristen; Degn, Laura L.; Zucker, Robert M.; Boyes, William K.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sanders, Kristen; Dreher, Kevin] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mundy, William R.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhao, Baozhong; Roberts, Joan E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Roberts, Joan E.] Fordham Univ, New York, NY 10023 USA. [Zhao, Baozhong] Natl Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Boyes, WK (reprint author), US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM boyes.william@epa.gov RI Zhao, Baozhong/B-5865-2011 FU [EP09D000042] FX K. Sanders was supported by a contract to EPA (EP09D000042). Thanks are extended to Theresa Freudenrich for her excellent advice and guidance with cell culture, to Kaitlin Daniel for her evaluation of the flow cytometi-y data and preparation of Figs. 4 and 5, and to Sarah Karafas for her help with the Mitosox experiments. The authors are indebted to Amy Wang, Christy Powers, Steve Diamond, Tom Long, and Carl Blackman for editorial comments on a previous version of the manuscript. This manuscript has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S.E.P.A. and approved for publication. Mention of trade names and commercial products does riot constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 56 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 46 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 258 IS 2 BP 226 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2011.10.023 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 882RU UT WOS:000299582400008 PM 22115978 ER PT J AU Corsini, E Sangiovanni, E Avogadro, A Galbiati, V Viviani, B Marinovich, M Galli, CL Dell'Agli, M Germolec, DR AF Corsini, Emanuela Sangiovanni, Enrico Avogadro, Anna Galbiati, Valentina Viviani, Barbara Marinovich, Marina Galli, Corrado L. Dell'Agli, Mario Germolec, Dori R. TI In vitro characterization of the immunotoxic potential of several perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Perfluorinated compounds; Immunosuppression; PPAR-alpha receptor; Cytokine; Whole blood assay ID NF-KAPPA-B; ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; P65 SUBUNIT; CD RATS; MICE; EXPOSURE AB We have previously shown that PFOA and PFOS directly suppress cytokine secretion in immune cells, with different mechanisms of action. In particular, we have demonstrated a role for PPAR-alpha in PFOA-induced immunotoxicity, and that PFOS has an inhibitory effect on LPS-induced I-kappa B degradation. These studies investigate the immunomodulatory effects of four other PFCs, namely PFBS, PFOSA, PFDA, and fluorotelomer using in vitro assays. The release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha was evaluated in lipolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human peripheral blood leukocytes ( hPBL) and in the human promyelocytic cell line THP-1, while the release of IL-10 and IFN-gamma was evaluated in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated hPBL All PFCs suppressed LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in hPBL and THP-1 cells, while IL-6 production was suppressed by PFOSA, PFOS, PFDA and fluorotelomer. PFBS, PFOSA, PFOS, PFDA and fluorotelomer inhibited PHA-induced IL-10 release, while IFN-gamma secretion was affected by PFOSA, PFOS, PFDA and fluorotelomer. Leukocytes obtained from female donors appear to be more sensitive to the in vitro immunotoxic effects of PFCs when their responses are compared to the results obtained using leukocytes from male donors. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that inhibition of TNF-alpha release in TIP-1 cells occurred at the transcriptional level. All PFCs, including PFOA and PFOS, decreased LPS-induced NF-kappa B activation. With the exception of PFOA, none of the PFCs tested was able to activate PPAR alpha driven transcription in transiently transfected THP-1 cells, excluding a role for PPAR alpha in the immunomodulation observed. PFBS and PFDA prevented LPS-induced I-kappa B degradation. Overall, these studies suggest that PFCs affect NF-kappa B activation, which directly suppresses cytokine secretion by immune cells. Our results indicate that PFOA is the least active of the PFCs examined followed by PFBS, PFDA, PFOS, PFOSA and fluorotelomer. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Corsini, Emanuela; Avogadro, Anna; Galbiati, Valentina; Viviani, Barbara; Marinovich, Marina; Galli, Corrado L.] Univ Milan, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Toxicol Lab, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Sangiovanni, Enrico; Dell'Agli, Mario] Univ Milan, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Lab Pharmacognosy, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Germolec, Dori R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Corsini, E (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Toxicol Lab, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM emanuela.corsini@unimi.it RI Dell'Agli, Mario/E-5253-2011; OI Dell'Agli, Mario/0000-0001-5378-402X; Viviani, Barbara/0000-0002-0935-0459; Galli, Corrado Lodovico/0000-0003-0078-5488; Marinovich, Marina/0000-0003-0625-8101; SANGIOVANNI, ENRICO/0000-0003-2811-8628 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health FX We would like to thank Dr. Chad Blystone and Dr. Jamie DeWitt for their review and helpful suggestions. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. This article may be the work product of an employee or group of employees of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), however, the statements, opinions or conclusions contained therein do not necessarily represent the statements, opinions or conclusions of NIEHS, NIH or the United States government. NR 49 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 43 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 258 IS 2 BP 248 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2011.11.004 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 882RU UT WOS:000299582400010 PM 22119708 ER PT J AU Bell, SM Burgoon, LD Last, RL AF Bell, Shannon M. Burgoon, Lyle D. Last, Robert L. TI MIPHENO: data normalization for high throughput metabolite analysis SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS MUTANT; CHLOROPLAST 2010; MICROARRAY DATA; PHENOTYPES; BIOLOGY; ASSAY AB Background: High throughput methodologies such as microarrays, mass spectrometry and plate-based small molecule screens are increasingly used to facilitate discoveries from gene function to drug candidate identification. These large-scale experiments are typically carried out over the course of months and years, often without the controls needed to compare directly across the dataset. Few methods are available to facilitate comparisons of high throughput metabolic data generated in batches where explicit in-group controls for normalization are lacking. Results: Here we describe MIPHENO (Mutant Identification by Probabilistic High throughput-Enabled Normalization), an approach for post-hoc normalization of quantitative first-pass screening data in the absence of explicit in-group controls. This approach includes a quality control step and facilitates cross-experiment comparisons that decrease the false non-discovery rates, while maintaining the high accuracy needed to limit false positives in first-pass screening. Results from simulation show an improvement in both accuracy and false non-discovery rate over a range of population parameters (p < 2.2 x 10(-16)) and a modest but significant (p < 2.2 x 10(-16)) improvement in area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.955 for MIPHENO vs 0.923 for a group-based statistic (z-score). Analysis of the high throughput phenotypic data from the Arabidopsis Chloroplast 2010 Project (http://www.plastid.msu.edu/) showed similar to 4-fold increase in the ability to detect previously described or expected phenotypes over the group based statistic. Conclusions: Results demonstrate MIPHENO offers substantial benefit in improving the ability to detect putative mutant phenotypes from post-hoc analysis of large data sets. Additionally, it facilitates data interpretation and permits cross-dataset comparison where group-based controls are missing. MIPHENO is applicable to a wide range of high throughput screenings and the code is freely available as Additional file 1 as well as through an R package in CRAN. C1 [Bell, Shannon M.; Last, Robert L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bell, Shannon M.] Michigan State Univ, Quantitat Biol Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Burgoon, Lyle D.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Last, Robert L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Last, RL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lastr@msu.edu OI Burgoon, Lyle/0000-0003-4977-5352; Last, Robert/0000-0001-6974-9587 FU National Science Foundation [0802267, MCB-119778]; National Science Foundation Arabidopsis [MCB-0519740] FX We thank Dr Shin-Han Shiu for helpful discussion. SMB was supported by National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship 0802267. This work supported by a National Science Foundation Arabidopsis 2010 Grant MCB-0519740 to RLL (PI) and others as well as by National Science Foundation Grant MCB-119778 (RLL). Disclaimer: This manuscript has been reviewed and approved for publication by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory but does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendations for use. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD JAN 13 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 10 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-13-10 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 894KY UT WOS:000300426800001 PM 22244038 ER PT J AU Lazzaro, F Novarina, D Amara, F Watt, DL Stone, JE Costanzo, V Burgers, PM Kunkel, TA Plevani, P Muzi-Falconil, M AF Lazzaro, Federico Novarina, Daniele Amara, Flavio Watt, Danielle L. Stone, Jana E. Costanzo, Vincenzo Burgers, Peter M. Kunkel, Thomas A. Plevani, Paolo Muzi-Falconil, Marco TI RNase H and Postreplication Repair Protect Cells from Ribonucleotides Incorporated in DNA SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Article ID AICARDI-GOUTIERES-SYNDROME; YEAST REPLICATIVE POLYMERASES; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRANSLESION SYNTHESIS; TOPOISOMERASE-I; DAMAGE; ZETA; SPECIFICITY; INSTABILITY AB The chemical identity and integrity of the genome is challenged by the incorporation of ribonucleoside triphosphates (rNTPs) in place of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) during replication. Misincorporation is limited by the selectivity of DNA replicases. We show that accumulation of ribonucleoside monophosphates (rNMPs) in the genome causes replication stress and has toxic consequences, particularly in the absence of RNase H1 and RNase H2, which remove rNMPs. We demonstrate that postreplication repair (PAR) pathways MMS2-dependent template switch and Pol zeta-dependent bypass are crucial for tolerating the presence of rNMPs in the chromosomes; indeed, we show that Pol efficiently replicates over 1-4 rNMPs. Moreover, cells lacking RNase H accumulate mono- and polyu-biquitylated PCNA and have a constitutively activated PRR. Our findings describe a crucial function for RNase H1, RNase H2, template switch, and translesion DNA synthesis in overcoming rNTPs misincorporated during DNA replication, and may be relevant for the pathogenesis of Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome. C1 [Lazzaro, Federico; Novarina, Daniele; Amara, Flavio; Plevani, Paolo; Muzi-Falconil, Marco] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Biomol & Biotecnol, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Watt, Danielle L.; Stone, Jana E.; Kunkel, Thomas A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Watt, Danielle L.; Stone, Jana E.; Kunkel, Thomas A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Costanzo, Vincenzo] Canc Res UK, Genome Stabil Unit, Clare Hall Labs, London Res Inst, S Mimms EN6 3LD, Herts, England. [Burgers, Peter M.] Washington Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Plevani, P (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Biomol & Biotecnol, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM paolo.plevani@unimi.it; marco.muzifalconi@unimi.it RI Lazzaro, Federico/J-3585-2013; Muzi-Falconi, Marco/A-6035-2012; OI Lazzaro, Federico/0000-0001-6415-2925; Muzi-Falconi, Marco/0000-0001-7046-6090; PLEVANI, PAOLO/0000-0003-1869-2626 FU AIRC; MIUR [FIRB RBFR10S3UQ]; Fondazione Cariplo; Telethon-Italy [GGP11003]; Fondazione Buzzati-Traverso; Division of Intramural Research of the NIH [Z01ES065070]; ERC [206281]; EMBO; [NIHGM32431] FX We thank H. Ulrich, A. Aguilera, and C. Santocanale for strains and reagents; J. Williams and A. Clark for comments on the manuscript; S. Sabbioneda, S. Carnevali, F. Spadaro, and the members of our laboratories for discussions. This work was supported by grants from AIRC, MIUR, and Fondazione Cariplo to P.P. and M.M.-F. and MIUR (FIRB RBFR10S3UQ) to F.L. The financial support of Telethon-Italy (grant number GGP11003) is gratefully acknowledged. F.L. was partially supported by a fellowship from Fondazione Buzzati-Traverso. Part of this work was supported by Project Z01ES065070 to T.A.K. from the Division of Intramural Research of the NIH and grant NIHGM32431 to P.M.B. Cancer Research UK, an ERC start-up grant (206281), the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, and the EMBO Young Investigator Program supported V.C. NR 50 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 9 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1097-2765 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD JAN 13 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 1 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.12.019 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 879AE UT WOS:000299301300013 PM 22244334 ER PT J AU Shindell, D Kuylenstierna, JCI Vignati, E van Dingenen, R Amann, M Klimont, Z Anenberg, SC Muller, N Janssens-Maenhout, G Raes, F Schwartz, J Faluvegi, G Pozzoli, L Kupiainen, K Hoglund-Isaksson, L Emberson, L Streets, D Ramanathan, V Hicks, K Oanh, NTK Milly, G Williams, M Demkine, V Fowler, D AF Shindell, Drew Kuylenstierna, Johan C. I. Vignati, Elisabetta van Dingenen, Rita Amann, Markus Klimont, Zbigniew Anenberg, Susan C. Muller, Nicholas Janssens-Maenhout, Greet Raes, Frank Schwartz, Joel Faluvegi, Greg Pozzoli, Luca Kupiainen, Kaarle Hoeglund-Isaksson, Lena Emberson, Lisa Streets, David Ramanathan, V. Hicks, Kevin Oanh, N. T. Kim Milly, George Williams, Martin Demkine, Volodymyr Fowler, David TI Simultaneously Mitigating Near-Term Climate Change and Improving Human Health and Food Security SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; TIBETAN PLATEAU; AIR-QUALITY; EMISSIONS; OZONE; IMPACTS; PROJECTIONS; MORTALITY; AEROSOLS AB Tropospheric ozone and black carbon (BC) contribute to both degraded air quality and global warming. We considered similar to 400 emission control measures to reduce these pollutants by using current technology and experience. We identified 14 measures targeting methane and BC emissions that reduce projected global mean warming similar to 0.5 degrees C by 2050. This strategy avoids 0.7 to 4.7 million annual premature deaths from outdoor air pollution and increases annual crop yields by 30 to 135 million metric tons due to ozone reductions in 2030 and beyond. Benefits of methane emissions reductions are valued at $700 to $5000 per metric ton, which is well above typical marginal abatement costs ( less than $250). The selected controls target different sources and influence climate on shorter time scales than those of carbon dioxide-reduction measures. Implementing both substantially reduces the risks of crossing the 2 degrees C threshold. C1 [Shindell, Drew; Faluvegi, Greg; Milly, George] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, Drew; Faluvegi, Greg; Milly, George] Columbia Univ, Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Kuylenstierna, Johan C. I.; Emberson, Lisa; Hicks, Kevin] Univ York, Dept Environm, Stockholm Environm Inst, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Vignati, Elisabetta; van Dingenen, Rita; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Raes, Frank; Pozzoli, Luca] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Amann, Markus; Klimont, Zbigniew; Kupiainen, Kaarle; Hoeglund-Isaksson, Lena] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Anenberg, Susan C.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Muller, Nicholas] Middlebury Coll, Dept Econ, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Schwartz, Joel] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Streets, David] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ramanathan, V.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Oanh, N. T. Kim] Asian Inst Technol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Williams, Martin] Kings Coll London, Environm Res Grp, London SE1 9NH, England. [Demkine, Volodymyr] UNEP, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Fowler, David] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Shindell, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM drew.t.shindell@nasa.gov RI Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; fowler, david/B-5446-2010; Klimont, Zbigniew/P-7641-2015; OI fowler, david/0000-0002-2999-2627; Klimont, Zbigniew/0000-0003-2630-198X; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350; Pozzoli, Luca/0000-0003-0485-9624 FU UNEP; World Meteorlogical Organization (WMO), NASA; Clean Air Task Force FX Funding was provided by UNEP and the World Meteorlogical Organization (WMO), NASA's Applied Sciences and Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Programs, and the Clean Air Task Force to IIASA. We thank all the authors and reviewers who contributed to the UNEP/WMO Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone. NR 40 TC 368 Z9 378 U1 57 U2 337 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 13 PY 2012 VL 335 IS 6065 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1126/science.1210026 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 875LZ UT WOS:000299033100044 PM 22246768 ER PT J AU Payne, MC Brown, CA Reusser, DA Lee, H AF Payne, Meredith C. Brown, Cheryl A. Reusser, Deborah A. Lee, Henry, II TI Ecoregional Analysis of Nearshore Sea-Surface Temperature in the North Pacific SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COASTAL; ECOSYSTEMS; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; ATLANTIC; DATABASE AB The quantification and description of sea surface temperature (SST) is critically important because it can influence the distribution, migration, and invasion of marine species; furthermore, SSTs are expected to be affected by climate change. To better understand present temperature regimes, we assembled a 29-year nearshore time series of mean monthly SSTs along the North Pacific coastline using remotely-sensed satellite data collected with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument. We then used the dataset to describe nearshore (<20 km offshore) SST patterns of 16 North Pacific ecoregions delineated by the Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW) hierarchical schema. Annual mean temperature varied from 3.8 degrees C along the Kamchatka ecoregion to 24.8 degrees C in the Cortezian ecoregion. There are smaller annual ranges and less variability in SST in the Northeast Pacific relative to the Northwest Pacific. Within the 16 ecoregions, 31-94% of the variance in SST is explained by the annual cycle, with the annual cycle explaining the least variation in the Northern California ecoregion and the most variation in the Yellow Sea ecoregion. Clustering on mean monthly SSTs of each ecoregion showed a clear break between the ecoregions within the Warm and Cold Temperate provinces of the MEOW schema, though several of the ecoregions contained within the provinces did not show a significant difference in mean seasonal temperature patterns. Comparison of these temperature patterns shared some similarities and differences with previous biogeographic classifications and the Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs). Finally, we provide a web link to the processed data for use by other researchers. C1 [Payne, Meredith C.; Reusser, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport, OR USA. [Payne, Meredith C.; Reusser, Deborah A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brown, Cheryl A.; Lee, Henry, II] US EPA, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR USA. RP Payne, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport, OR USA. EM mpayne@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey National Wildlife Climate Change Center [3206-DU9-14]; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX This work was supported by the United States Geological Survey National Wildlife Climate Change Center # 3206-DU9-14 and an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) summer student internship. The funders had roles in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 11 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 AR e30105 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0030105 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 906ON UT WOS:000301355700090 PM 22253893 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Chen, YS Sarwar, G Schere, K AF Zhang, Yang Chen, Yaosheng Sarwar, Golam Schere, Kenneth TI Impact of gas-phase mechanisms on Weather Research Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) predictions: Mechanism implementation and comparative evaluation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID COMPREHENSIVE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; RADICAL PROPAGATION EFFICIENCY; ASSESS OZONE SENSITIVITY; AIR-QUALITY SIMULATIONS; 1999 SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; CLOUD DROPLET NUMBER; PART I; PHOTOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS; METEOROLOGICAL MODEL; CHEMICAL MECHANISMS AB Gas-phase mechanisms provide important oxidant and gaseous precursors for secondary aerosol formation. Different gas-phase mechanisms may lead to different predictions of gases, aerosols, and aerosol direct and indirect effects. In this study, WRF/Chem-MADRID simulations are conducted over the continental United States for July 2001, with three different gas-phase mechanisms, a default one (i.e., CBM-Z) and two newly implemented ones (i.e., CB05 and SAPRC-99). Simulation results are evaluated against available surface observations, satellite data, and reanalysis data. The model with these three gas-phase mechanisms gives similar predictions of most meteorological variables in terms of spatial distribution and statistics, but large differences exist in shortwave radiation and temperature and relative humidity at 2 m at individual sites under cloudy conditions, indicating the importance of aerosol semi-direct and indirect effects on these variables. Large biases exist in the simulated wind speed at 10 m, cloud water path, cloud optical thickness, and precipitation, due to uncertainties in current cloud microphysics and surface layer parameterizations. Simulations with all three gas-phase mechanisms well reproduce surface concentrations of O-3, CO, NO2, and PM2.5, and column NO2. Larger biases exist in the surface concentrations of nitrate and organic matter (OM) and in the spatial distribution of column CO, tropospheric ozone residual, and aerosol optical depth, due to uncertainties in primary OM emissions, limitations in model representations of chemical transport, and radiative processes. Different gas-phase mechanisms lead to different predictions of mass concentrations of O-3 (up to 5 ppb), PM2.5 (up to 0.5 mu g m(-3)), secondary inorganic PM2.5 species (up to 1.1 mu g m(-3)), organic PM (up to 1.8 mu g m(-3)), and number concentration of PM2.5 (up to 2 x 10(4) cm(-3)). Differences in aerosol mass and number concentrations further lead to sizeable differences in simulated cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) due to the feedback mechanisms among H2SO4 vapor, PM2.5 number, CCN, and CDNC through gas-phase chemistry, new particle formation via homogeneous nucleation, aerosol growth, and aerosol activation by cloud droplets. This study illustrates the important impact of gas-phase mechanisms on chemical and aerosol predictions, their subsequent effects on meteorological predictions, and a need for an accurate representation of such feedbacks through various atmospheric processes in the model. The online-coupled models that simulate feedbacks between meteorological variables and chemical species may provide more accurate representations of the real atmosphere for regulatory applications and can be applied to simulate chemistry-climate feedbacks over a longer period of time. C1 [Zhang, Yang; Chen, Yaosheng] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Sarwar, Golam; Schere, Kenneth] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM yang_zhang@ncsu.edu FU NSF [Atm-0348819]; U.S. EPA; NOAA [DW13921548]; U.S. EPA [R83337601] FX This work was supported by the NSF Award Atm-0348819, the Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. EPA and NOAA under agreement DW13921548, and the U.S. EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program (Grant R83337601). The authors thank Alice Gilliland, Steve Howard, and Shaocai Yu of the U.S. EPA for providing observations from surface monitoring networks and Fortran codes for statistical calculation; Andreas Richter of the University of Bremen, Germany, for providing GOME NO2 data; Hilary E. Snell of AER, Inc., for processing GOME NO2; Jack Fishman and John K. Creilson of NASA Langley Research Center for providing TOMS/SBUV TOR data; R. Bennartz of the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, for providing derived CDNC data based on MODIS measurements; and Ying Pan, a former graduate student at NCSU, for her work on WRF/Chem simulations and postprocessing work. This manuscript has been subjected to U.S. EPA review and approved for publication. NR 122 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 7 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D01301 DI 10.1029/2011JD015775 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 874BP UT WOS:000298930300001 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Garcia-Reyero, N Escalon, BL Jensen, KM Cavallin, JE Makynen, EA Durhan, EJ Kahl, MD Thomas, LM Perkins, EJ Ankley, GT AF Villeneuve, Daniel L. Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Escalon, B. Lynn Jensen, Kathleen M. Cavallin, Jenna E. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Kahl, Michael D. Thomas, Linnea M. Perkins, Edward J. Ankley, Gerald T. TI Ecotoxicogenomics to Support Ecological Risk Assessment: A Case Study with Bisphenol A in Fish SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTIONAL-EFFECT-LEVEL; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FATHEAD MINNOW; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; EXPOSURE; VITELLOGENIN; MICROARRAY; ZEBRAFISH; PROFILES AB Effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on ovarian transcript profiles as well as targeted end points with endocrine/reproductive relevance were examined in two fish species, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and zebrafish (Danio rerio), exposed in parallel using matched experimental designs. Four days of waterborne exposure to 10 mu g BPA/L caused significant vitellogenin induction in both species. However, zebrafish were less sensitive to effects on hepatic gene expression and steroid production than fathead minnow and the magnitude of vitellogenin induction was more modest (i.e., 3-fold compared to 13000-fold in fathead minnow). The concentration response at the ovarian transcriptome level was nonmonotonic and violated assumptions that underlie proposed methods for estimating hazard thresholds from transcriptomic results. However, the nonmonotonic profile was consistent among species and there were nominal similarities in the functions associated with the differentially expressed genes, suggesting potential activation of common pathway perturbation motifs in both species. Overall, the results provide an effective case study for considering the potential application of ecotoxicogenomics to ecological risk assessments and provide novel comparative data regarding effects of BPA in fish. C1 [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Cavallin, Jenna E.; Makynen, Elizabeth A.; Durhan, Elizabeth J.; Kahl, Michael D.; Thomas, Linnea M.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Escalon, B. Lynn; Perkins, Edward J.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM Villeneuve.dan@epa.gov FU U.S. Army Environmental Quality and Installation Research program [BAA 08-4379]; Chief of Engineers FX This manuscript has been subjected to review by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. A portion of this work was supported by the U.S. Army Environmental Quality and Installation Research program (including BAA 08-4379). Permission to publish this information was granted by the Chief of Engineers. We thank Leah C. Wehmas, Matthew A. Weberg, Sara Seidl, and Lyle Burgoon for additional technical support and Stephen Edwards and Car lie La Lone for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 69 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 3 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1021/es201150a PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 871UJ UT WOS:000298762900008 PM 21786754 ER PT J AU Lin, YH Zhang, ZF Docherty, KS Zhang, HF Budisulistiorini, SH Rubitschun, CL Shaw, SL Knipping, EM Edgerton, ES Kleindienst, TE Gold, A Surratt, JD AF Lin, Ying-Hsuan Zhang, Zhenfa Docherty, Kenneth S. Zhang, Haofei Budisulistiorini, Sri Hapsari Rubitschun, Caitlin L. Shaw, Stephanie L. Knipping, Eladio M. Edgerton, Eric S. Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Gold, Avram Surratt, Jason D. TI Isoprene Epoxydiols as Precursors to Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation: Acid-Catalyzed Reactive Uptake Studies with Authentic Compounds SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOA FORMATION; PHOTOOXIDATION; ENHANCEMENT; EPOXIDES; ALCOHOLS; KINETICS AB Isoprene epoxydiols (IEPDX), formed from the photooiddation of isoprene under low-NOx conditions, have recently been proposed as precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) on the basis of mass spectrometric evidence. In the present study, IEPDX isomers were synthesized in high purity (>99%) to investigate their potential to form SOA via reactive uptake in a series of controlled dark chamber studies followed by reaction product analyses. IEPOX-derived SOA was substantially observed only in the presence of acidic aerosols, with conservative lower-bound yields of 4.7-6.4% for beta-IEPOX and 3.4-5.5% for delta-IEPOX, providing direct evidence for IEPDX isomers as precursors to isoprene SOA. These chamber studies demonstrate that IEPDX uptake explains the formation of known isoprene SOA tracers found in ambient aerosols, including 2-methyltetrols, C-5-alkene triols, dimers, and IEPOX-derived organosulfates. Additionally, we show reactive uptake on the acidified sulfate aerosols supports a previously unreported acid-catalyzed intramolecular rearrangement of IEPDX to cis- and trans-3-methyltetrahydrofuran-3,4-diols (3-MeTHF-3,4-diols) in the particle phase. Analysis of these novel tracer compounds by aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) suggests that they contribute to a unique factor resolved from positive matrix factorization (PMF) of ANIS organic aerosol spectra collected from low-NOx, isoprene-dominated regions influenced by the presence of acidic aerosols. C1 [Lin, Ying-Hsuan; Zhang, Zhenfa; Zhang, Haofei; Budisulistiorini, Sri Hapsari; Rubitschun, Caitlin L.; Gold, Avram; Surratt, Jason D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Docherty, Kenneth S.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Shaw, Stephanie L.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Knipping, Eladio M.] Elect Power Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Edgerton, Eric S.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC USA. [Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Surratt, JD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM surratt@unc.edu RI Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; Lin, Ying-Hsuan/J-4023-2014 OI Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Lin, Ying-Hsuan/0000-0001-8904-1287 FU UNC Biomarker Mass Spectrometry Facility (NIEHS) [5P20-ES10126]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-05-065]; Fulbright Presidential Fellowship; Weiss Urban Livability Fellowship; Johanssen Scholarship FX Richard Kamens and Elias Rosen are gratefully acknowledged for their assistance in the design of the UNC indoor smog chamber. We thank Glenn Walters and Dennis Fedor of the UNC ESE Design Center for their assistance in building the indoor chamber, as well as Leonard Collins and Wanda Bodnar of the UNC Biomarker Mass Spectrometry Facility (NIEHS Grant 5P20-ES10126) for their assistance on the Agilent LC/ESI-Q-ToFMS. We thank the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) for their support in analyzing the field samples collected from the Yorkville, GA site located within the SEARCH network. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here under Contract EP-D-05-065 to Alion Science and Technology. The manuscript is subjected to external peer review and has been cleared for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation. S.H.B. is supported in part by a Fulbright Presidential Fellowship (2010-2013). C.L.R is supported in part by a Weiss Urban Livability Fellowship (2010-2012) and a Johanssen Scholarship (2011). Lastly, we thank Manjula Canagaratna, John Offenberg, Mohammed Jaoui, and Michael Lewandowski for helpful discussions. NR 27 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 16 U2 137 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 3 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 250 EP 258 DI 10.1021/es202554c PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 871UJ UT WOS:000298762900035 PM 22103348 ER PT J AU Simon, H Bhave, PV AF Simon, Heather Bhave, Prakash V. TI Simulating the Degree of Oxidation in Atmospheric Organic Particles SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; VOLATILITY BASIS-SET; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MEXICO-CITY; HETEROGENEOUS OXIDATION; UNITED-STATES; PARTICULATE MATTER; SOUTHEASTERN US; MOTOR-VEHICLES AB Modeled ratios of organic mass to organic carbon (OM/OC) and oxygen to carbon (n(O)/n(C)) in organic particulate matter are presented across the US for the first time and evaluated extensively against ambient measurements. The base model configuration systematically underestimates OM/OC ratios during winter and summer months. Model performance is greatly improved by applying source-specific OM/OC ratios to the primary organic aerosol (POA) emissions and incorporating a new parametrization to simulate oxidative aging of POA. in the atmosphere. These model improvements enable simulation of urban-scale gradients in OM/OC with values in urban areas as much as 0.4 lower than in the surrounding regions. Modeled OM/OC and n(O)/n(C) ratios in January range from 1.4 to 2.0 and 0.2 to 0.6, respectively. In July, modeled OM/OC and n(O)/n(C) ratios range from 1.4 to 2.2 and 0.2 to 0.8, respectively. Improved model performance during winter is attributed entirely to our application of source-specific OM/OC ratios to the inventory. During summer, our treatment of oxidative aging also contributes to improved performance. Advancements described in this paper are codified in the latest public release of the Community Multiscale Air Quality model, CMAQv5.0. C1 [Simon, Heather] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bhave, Prakash V.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Simon, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Simon.Heather@epa.gov RI simon, heather/E-4392-2011; Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013 OI simon, heather/0000-0001-7254-3360; Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X FU CMAQmodeling group at EPA FX We acknowledge Rob Pinder, Tad Kleindienst, and Allen Robinson for helpful suggestions on the manuscript and thank Alice Gilliland, Steven Howard, Lucille Bender, Charles Chang, Ryan Cleary, and Lara Reynolds for preparing the inputs to our base CMAQ simulation. This work would not be possible without the support of Rohit Mathur, David Wong, Shawn Roselle, Wyat Appel, and numerous other members of the CMAQmodeling group at EPA. The United States Environmental Protection Agency produced the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. NR 75 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 3 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 331 EP 339 DI 10.1021/es202361w PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 871UJ UT WOS:000298762900045 PM 22107341 ER PT B AU Watson, EB AF Watson, Elizabeth Burke BE Palaima, A TI Geomorphology, Hydrology, and Tidal Influences SO ECOLOGY, CONSERVATION, AND RESTORATION OF TIDAL MARSHES: THE SAN FRANCISCO ESTUARY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SALT-MARSH VEGETATION; MOSQUITO-CONTROL; WETLAND RESTORATION; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; HABITAT CHANGE; JOAQUIN DELTA; SEA LEVELS; USA; ESTUARY C1 US EPA, ORD NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Watson, EB (reprint author), US EPA, ORD NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM elizabeth.b.watson@gmail.com NR 131 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-27429-7; 978-0-520-95401-4 PY 2012 BP 35 EP 51 D2 10.1525/california/9780520274297.001.0001 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BHR02 UT WOS:000326441900004 ER PT S AU Schug, TT Erlebacher, A Leibowitz, S Ma, L Muglia, LJ Rando, OJ Rogers, JM Romero, R vom Saal, FS Wise, DL AF Schug, Thaddeus T. Erlebacher, Adrian Leibowitz, Sarah Ma, Liang Muglia, Louis J. Rando, Oliver J. Rogers, John M. Romero, Roberto vom Saal, Frederick S. Wise, David L. GP Annals NY Acad Sci TI Fetal programming and environmental exposures: implications for prenatal care and preterm birth SO ANNALS MEETING REPORTS 2013 SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article DE genetic and epigenetic programming; fetal development; toxicity ID BISPHENOL-A; STEM-CELLS; PREGNANCY; INTERFACE; MODEL; DIET; PLACENTATION; DISORDERS; RESPONSES; OBESITY AB Sponsored by the New York Academy of Sciences and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and Life Technologies, "Fetal Programming and Environmental Exposures: Implications for Prenatal Care and Preterm Birth" was held on June 11-12, 2012 at the New York Academy of Sciences in New York City. The meeting, comprising individual talks and panel discussions, highlighted basic, clinical, and translational research approaches, and highlighted the need for specialized testing of drugs, consumer products, and industrial chemicals, with a view to the unique impacts these can have during gestation. Speakers went on to discuss many other factors that affect prenatal development, from genetics to parental diet, revealing the extraordinary sensitivity of the developing fetus. C1 [Schug, Thaddeus T.] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Erlebacher, Adrian] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Leibowitz, Sarah] Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Ma, Liang] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Dermatol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Muglia, Louis J.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Muglia, Louis J.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Rando, Oliver J.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Pharmacol, Worcester, MA USA. [Rogers, John M.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Romero, Roberto] NICHD, Perinatol Res Branch, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD USA. [vom Saal, Frederick S.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Wise, David L.] Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA USA. RP Schug, TT (reprint author), NIEHS, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM schugt@niehs.nih.gov FU Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Academy Friend Sponsors; Abcam Inc.; Quartzy; Watson Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine at Weill Cornell Medical College; Burroughs Wellcome Fund; March of Dimes Foundation [4-FY12-545]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [1R13ES021699-01]; National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) FX This meeting report presents research featured at the June 11-12, 2012 Fetal Programming and Environmental Exposures: Implications for Prenatal Care and Preterm Birth conference, presented by the New York Academy of Sciences and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. The conference was supported by Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Academy Friend Sponsors, Abcam Inc., Quartzy, Watson Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and the Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine at Weill Cornell Medical College. The conference was also supported by educational grants from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund and the March of Dimes Foundation (Grant No. 4-FY12-545). Funding for this conference was also made possible, in part, by Grant number 1R13ES021699-01 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). The views expressed in written conference materials or publications and by speakers and moderators do not necessarily reflect the official policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention by trade names, commercial practices, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2012 VL 1276 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1111/nyas.12003 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHO44 UT WOS:000326095100003 PM 23278645 ER PT B AU Dodder, R Felgenhauer, T Yelverton, W King, C AF Dodder, Rebecca Felgenhauer, Tyler Yelverton, William King, Carey GP ASME TI WATER AND GREENHOUSE GAS TRADEOFFS ASSOCIATED WITH A TRANSITION TO A LOW CARBON TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2011, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE) CY NOV 11-17, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engn AB Transportation fuels are heavily dominated by the use of petroleum, but concerns over oil depletion (e.g., peak oil), energy security, and greenhouse gas emissions from petroleum combustion are driving the search for alternatives. As we look to shift away from petroleum-based transportation fuels, most options consume and withdraw more water during their life cycle. Thus, shifting to alternative fuel and energy supplies for transportation will likely increase water use for the transportation sector. Previous work suggests that water consumption for transportation could reach 10% of total U.S. water consumption when meeting the Federal Renewable Fuels Standard mandate at modest irrigation levels for feedstock crops (corn, cellulosic grasses) in combination with other alternative fuels and vehicle technologies (electric vehicles, natural gas vehicles, etc.), but more refined analysis is needed. It is important to understand when and where these new water demands for transportation are anticipated to occur. This paper presents results from simulations of the U.S. 9-region (EPAUS9r) MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation) integrated energy systems model for mapping the changes in water withdrawal and consumption during a transition to a low carbon-emitting U.S. transportation fleet. The advantage of using a bottom-up, multi-sector model like MARKAL is the ability to look at consistent scenarios for the full energy system, and endogenously capture interactions between different sectors (e.g. electric power production, biorefineries, and the LDV fleet). MARKAL can simulate a baseline scenario driven by assumptions for biomass feedstock and fossil resource costs and availability, as well as the costs of converting those resources to liquid fuels and electricity. We investigate alternative scenarios both with and without carbon constraints, while varying the pace of vehicle electrification. We compare these scenarios to assess regional differences in water needs as well as aggregate water demand for transportation energy, and how those trade off against greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Our results indicate that the regional water demands and interregional transfers of embodied water could be significant as the light-duty vehicle fleet moves away from petroleum-based fuels, with exports of embodied water on the order of hundreds of billion gallons of water per year for ethanol coming from the Midwest. Interregional transfers of water embodied in electricity may also reach tens of billion gallons of water per year. However, these water requirements will vary substantially based on the light-duty vehicle mix, carbon policy, electric power generation mix, biofuel production levels, and feedstock characteristics. C1 [Dodder, Rebecca; Felgenhauer, Tyler; Yelverton, William] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Dodder, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5487-7 PY 2012 BP 531 EP 547 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels GA BHD13 UT WOS:000325040500059 ER PT J AU Louter, J Sedivy, JJ Segal, M AF Louter, Jim Sedivy, John J. Segal, Mark BE Sundh, I Wilcks, A Goettel, MS TI Regulation of Microorganisms Used for Bioremediation, Biorefinery and Other Bioindustrial Applications in the USA and Canada SO BENEFICIAL MICROORGANISMS IN AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND THE ENVIRONMENT: SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND REGULATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Louter, Jim] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Biotechnol Sect, Gatineau, PQ K1A 0H3, Canada. [Sedivy, John J.] Novozymes Biol Inc, Salem, VA 24153 USA. [Segal, Mark] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Louter, J (reprint author), Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Biotechnol Sect, 200 Sacre Coeur Blvd, Gatineau, PQ K1A 0H3, Canada. EM jim.louter@ec.gc.ca; JSed@novozymes.com; segal.mark@epa.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-810-9 PY 2012 BP 153 EP 166 D2 10.1079/9781845938109.0000 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BGV12 UT WOS:000324252300012 ER PT S AU Edgerton, ES Fort, JM Baumann, K Graney, JR Landis, MS Berryman, S Krupa, S AF Edgerton, E. S. Fort, J. M. Baumann, K. Graney, J. R. Landis, M. S. Berryman, S. Krupa, S. BE Percy, KE TI Method for Extraction and Multielement Analysis of Hypogymnia physodes samples from the Athabasca Oil Sands Region SO ALBERTA OIL SANDS: ENERGY, INDUSTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENRICHMENT FACTORS; EPIPHYTIC LICHENS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; AIR-POLLUTION; METALS; AREA AB A microwave-assisted digestion technique followed by ICPMS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) analysis was used to measure concentrations of 43 elements in Hypogymnia physodes samples collected in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) of northern Alberta, Canada. Analysis of multiple standard reference materials, replicate samples, and digestion blanks indicates that 34 elements were routinely quantifiable in small samples of lichens (25-30 mg) from the AOSR. Analysis of As and Se was performed by dynamic reaction cell ICPMS techniques to minimize polyatomic interferences and improve detection limits. Data from 121 sampling locations show that concentrations of many elements are higher (factors of 1.5-3) near the oil sands operations (i.e., within 50 km) than further away (i.e., beyond 50 km). Statistical analysis shows that many of the 34 elements (particularly the rare earth elements) are highly correlated, but others only have weak correlations with a few other elements. Linear regression of element concentrations versus Al indicates a range of behavior across elements that likely reflect multiple accumulation processes. Comparison with previous studies of H. physodes shows that elemental concentrations within the AOSR are generally comparable but often toward the lower end of those reported for remote and background areas of the northern hemisphere. Sb and Pb concentrations, in particular, are among the lowest reported for H. physodes. C1 [Edgerton, E. S.; Fort, J. M.; Baumann, K.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC USA. [Graney, J. R.] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY USA. [Landis, M. S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC USA. [Berryman, S.] Integral Ecol Grp Ltd, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Krupa, S.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, St Paul, MN USA. RP Edgerton, ES (reprint author), Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC USA. EM eedgerton@atmospheric-research.com RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-097767-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2012 VL 11 BP 315 EP 342 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-097760-7.00014-7 PG 28 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFU84 UT WOS:000321491300017 ER PT S AU Graney, JR Landis, MS Krupa, S AF Graney, J. R. Landis, M. S. Krupa, S. BE Percy, KE TI Coupling Lead Isotopes and Element Concentrations in Epiphytic Lichens to Track Sources of Air Emissions in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region SO ALBERTA OIL SANDS: ENERGY, INDUSTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; HYPOGYMNIA-PHYSODES; ATMOSPHERIC LEAD; HEAVY-METALS; UNITED-STATES; CU SMELTER; PB; DEPOSITION; POLLUTION; QUEBEC AB A study was conducted that coupled use of element concentrations and lead (Pb) isotope ratios in the lichen Hypogymnia physodes collected during 2002 and 2008, to assess the impacts of air emissions from the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR, Canada) mining and processing operations. The lichens selected from the 2002 data set were from 15 samples sites collected on an N-S and E-W grid centered between the oil sands processing sites. The lichens selected for analysis in 2008 were collected using a stratified, nested circular grid approach radiating away from the oil sands processing sites, and included 121 sampling sites as far as 150 km from the mining and processing operations. Spatial analysis indicates three main element groupings including a geogenic source (aluminum and others) related to oil sands mining, an oil processing source (vanadium and others), and a grouping that is likely related to biogeochemical processes (manganese and others). An exponential decrease in concentration of the geogenic grouping of elements versus distance from the mining sites was found, whereas near source concentrations of elements typically associated with oil processing are more homogeneous spatially than the geogenic elements. The mining and oil processing related element groupings are superimposed over the elemental signature that reflects lichen biogeochemical processes. The ranges in Pb isotope ratios were similar in 2002 and 2008, suggesting that sources of Pb accumulated by the lichens did not change substantially between 2002 and 2008. The Pb isotope ratios from lichens collected beyond 50 km from the mining and processing sites cluster into a grouping with a Pb-207/Pb-206 ratio of 0.8650 and a Pb-208/Pb-206 ratio near 2.095. This grouping likely reflects the regional background Pb isotope ratio signature. The lowering of the Pb-207/Pb-206 and Pb-208/Pb-206 ratios near the mining and processing operations indicates that other Pb sources, likely related to the oil sands mining and processing, are contributing to the Pb source signature. This assessment was confirmed through the analysis of source and stack samples. The Pb isotope ratios were a better predictor of the extent of the source contribution than the element concentrations because the Pb isotope ratios are not affected by either the metabolic processing of elements by the lichens or by moisture related controls on atmospheric deposition processes at the collection sites. The main goals for this project to determine (i) the efficacy of using Pb isotopes to assist in identifying the sources of atmospherically deposited air pollutants in the AOSR and (ii) whether coupling Pb isotopes with elemental concentrations can help to elucidate the causes for spatial differences in the accumulation of elements by epiphytic lichens in relation to emission sources were successful. An approach that couples Pb isotopes, spatial analysis, and element concentrations is recommended for future source attribution studies in the AOSR. C1 [Graney, J. R.] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13901 USA. [Landis, M. S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Krupa, S.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, St Paul, MN USA. RP Graney, JR (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13901 USA. EM jgraney@binghamton.edu RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-097767-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2012 VL 11 BP 343 EP 372 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-097760-7.00015-9 PG 30 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFU84 UT WOS:000321491300018 ER PT S AU Blum, JD Johnson, MW Gleason, JD Demers, JD Landis, MS Krupa, S AF Blum, J. D. Johnson, M. W. Gleason, J. D. Demers, J. D. Landis, M. S. Krupa, S. BE Percy, KE TI Mercury Concentration and Isotopic Composition of Epiphytic Tree Lichens in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region SO ALBERTA OIL SANDS: ENERGY, INDUSTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MASS-INDEPENDENT FRACTIONATION; HYPOGYMNIA-PHYSODES; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; CHLORALKALI PLANT; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; NATIONAL-PARK; AMBIENT AIR; DEPOSITION; CANADA; COAL AB Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy metal that is found associated with fossil fuel deposits and that can be released to the atmosphere during fossil fuel combustion and/or processing. Hg emitted to the atmosphere can be deposited to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems where it can be methylated by bacteria. Methylmercury is strongly biomagnified in food webs and this leads to toxic levels in high trophic level fish, the consumption of which is a major human exposure pathway. Epiphytic tree lichens have been widely used to investigate the relationship between atmospheric point sources of Hg and regional Hg deposition patterns. An intensive study of Hg concentration and stable isotopic composition of the epiphytic tree lichen Hypogymnia physodes was carried out in the area within 150 km of the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) industrial developments. Concentrations of Hg were comparable to background values measured in previous studies from remote areas and were far below the values observed near significant atmospheric industrial sources of Hg. Spatial patterns provide no evidence for a significant atmospheric point source of Hg from the oil sands developments, and Hg accumulation actually decreases in lichens within 25 km of the northern AOSR development, presumably due to physiological responses of H. physodes to enhanced SO2 deposition. Stable Hg isotope ratios show an increase in Delta Hg-199 and Delta Hg-201 within 25 km of the AOSR, and we speculate that this is due to a change in the proportion of the various ligands to which Hg is bonded in the lichens, and a resulting change in the isotope fractionation during partial photochemical reduction and loss of Hg from lichen surfaces. C1 [Blum, J. D.; Johnson, M. W.; Gleason, J. D.; Demers, J. D.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Landis, M. S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Krupa, S.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, St Paul, MN USA. RP Blum, JD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jdblum@umich.edu RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-097767-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2012 VL 11 BP 373 EP 390 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-097760-7.00016-0 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFU84 UT WOS:000321491300019 ER PT S AU Landis, MS Pancras, JP Graney, JR Stevens, RK Percy, KE Krupa, S AF Landis, M. S. Pancras, J. P. Graney, J. R. Stevens, R. K. Percy, K. E. Krupa, S. BE Percy, KE TI Receptor Modeling of Epiphytic Lichens to Elucidate the Sources and Spatial Distribution of Inorganic Air Pollution in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region SO ALBERTA OIL SANDS: ENERGY, INDUSTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; PARTICULATE MATTER; PARTICLE SOURCES; TRACE-ELEMENTS AB The contribution of inorganic air pollutant emissions to atmospheric deposition in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) of Alberta, Canada, was investigated in the surrounding boreal forests, using a common epiphytic lichen bioindicator species (Hypogymnia physodes) and applying multiple receptor models. Source materials from anthropogenic and natural emitters of air pollution in the AOSR were obtained and chemically characterized to aid in the assessment. The lichens selected for analysis were collected in 2008 using a stratified, nested grid approach radiating away from the central area of oil sands production at 121 sampling sites extending as far as 150 km. Source and lichen samples were extracted and analyzed for 43 elements using dynamic reaction cell quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (DRC-ICPMS). Source apportionment of the lichen tissue analytical results was conducted using principal component analysis (PCA), chemical mass balance (CMB), positive matrix factorization (PMF), and Unmix models. Initial Varimax-rotated PCA screening analysis indicated that there were five principal components that could explain 89% of the variance contained in the lichen data set, with the majority of the variance lumped into a fugitive dust factor. This fugitive dust source could be separated into tailing sand, haul road, and overburden components using CMB on lichen samples collected near the mining and oil processing facilities. However, the CMB model performance was limited by the similarity of sources and the lack of total nitrogen measurements in the emission source profiles. The PMF and Unmix models were found to perform best with this unique AOSR lichen data set, providing very similar results at near-source as well as remote lichen collection sites. The PMF results showed that sources significantly contributing to concentrations of elements in the lichen tissue include combustion processes (similar to 23%), tailing sand (similar to 19%), haul roads and limestone (similar to 15%), oil sand and processed materials (similar to 15%), and a general anthropogenic urban source (similar to 15%). The spatial patterns of CMB, PMF, and Unmix receptor models estimated that source impacts on the H. physodes tissue elemental concentrations from the oil sand processing and fugitive dust sources had a significant association with the distance from the primary oil sands surface mining operations and related production facilities. The spatial extent of the fugitive dust impact was limited to a radius of approximately 20 km around the major mining and oil production facilities, which is indicative of ground-level coarse particulate fugitive emissions from these sources. The impact of the general urban source was found to be enhanced in the southern portion of the sampling domain in the vicinity of the Fort McMurray urban area. The receptor model results showed lower Mn concentrations in lichen tissues near oil sands production operations suggesting a biogeochemical response. Overall, the largest impact on elemental concentrations of H. physodes tissue in the AOSR was related to fugitive dust, suggesting that implementation of a fugitive dust abatement strategy could minimize the near-field atmospheric deposition of any future mining-related production activities. C1 [Landis, M. S.; Stevens, R. K.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Pancras, J. P.] All Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Graney, J. R.] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY USA. [Percy, K. E.] Wood Buffalo Environm Assoc, Ft Mcmurray, AB, Canada. [Krupa, S.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, St Paul, MN USA. RP Landis, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM landis.matthew@epa.gov RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 66 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-097767-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2012 VL 11 BP 427 EP 467 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-097760-7.00018-4 PG 41 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFU84 UT WOS:000321491300021 ER PT J AU Gwinn, MR Sokull-Kluttgen, B AF Gwinn, Maureen R. Sokull-Kluettgen, Birgit BE Fadeel, B Pietroiusti, A Shvedova, AA TI Regulation and Legislation SO ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS: EXPOSURE, TOXICOLOGY, AND IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE PARTICLES; SUBCHRONIC INHALATION; PULMONARY RESPONSES C1 [Gwinn, Maureen R.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Sokull-Kluettgen, Birgit] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, Unit Nanobiosci IO5, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. RP Gwinn, MR (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386976-0 PY 2012 BP 97 EP 117 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386940-1.00006-4 PG 21 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BFT11 UT WOS:000321201700007 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, PRS Loganathan, BG AF Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S. Loganathan, Bommanna G. BE Gupta, RC TI Brominated flame retardants and perfluorinated chemicals SO VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY: BASIC AND CLINICAL PRINCIPLES, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHER; ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; TETRABROMOBISPHENOL-A TBBPA; SAN-ANTONIO STATEMENT; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; IN-VITRO; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; NEONATAL EXPOSURE; FATTY-ACIDS C1 [Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Loganathan, Bommanna G.] Murray State Univ, Dept Chem, Murray, KY 42071 USA. [Loganathan, Bommanna G.] Murray State Univ, Watershed Studies Inst, Murray, KY 42071 USA. RP Kodavanti, PRS (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Loganathan, Bommanna/A-5375-2012 OI Loganathan, Bommanna/0000-0001-5769-2579 NR 128 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-385927-3 PY 2012 BP 810 EP 823 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-385926-6.00075-2 PG 14 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA BER41 UT WOS:000317854000065 ER PT B AU Wigand, C Roman, CT AF Wigand, Cathleen Roman, Charles T. BE Batzer, DP Baldwin, AH TI North Atlantic Coastal Tidal Wetlands SO WETLAND HABITATS OF NORTH AMERICA: ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION CONCERNS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; SEA-LEVEL RISE; SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; ESTUARINE SALINITY GRADIENTS; SHARP-TAILED SPARROWS; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; DELAWARE BAY; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; UNITED-STATES C1 [Wigand, Cathleen] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Roman, Charles T.] Univ Rhode Isl, Natl Pk Serv, North Atlantic Coast Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Uni, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Wigand, C (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM wigand.cathleen@epa.gov NR 195 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 9 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95141-9; 978-0-520-27164-7 PY 2012 BP 13 EP 28 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFF60 UT WOS:000319665000003 ER PT S AU Young, DM Hawkins, T Ingwersen, W Lee, SJ Ruiz-Mercado, G Sengupta, D Smith, RL AF Young, Douglas M. Hawkins, Troy Ingwersen, Wesley Lee, Seung-Jin Ruiz-Mercado, Gerardo Sengupta, Debalina Smith, Raymond L. BE Varbanov, PS Lam, HL Klemes, JJ Pierucci, S Klemes, JJ TI Designing Sustainable Supply Chains SO PRES 2012: 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROCESS INTEGRATION, MODELLING AND OPTIMISATION FOR ENERGY SAVING AND POLLUTION REDUCTION SE Chemical Engineering Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction (PRES) in Collaboration with the CHISA Congress CY AUG 25-29, 2012 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC ID INDICATORS AB The Office of Research and Development within the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently put forth a new vision for environmental protection that states that sustainability is our "True North". In support of this new vision, an effort to design supply chains to be as sustainable as possible has been undertaken. This effort has two focus areas: consumer products and the transportation sector (biofuels). Starting with more than one hundred environmental metrics (e. g., energy, economic, and process) and sustainability metrics (e. g., ecological footprint, emergy, and exergy), a subset of the most relevant metrics have been identified and is currently being employed to evaluate the sustainability of the supply chains of multiple facilities of similar consumer products. From this evaluation, a set of rules or guidelines will be established that can be used to design a new supply chain or suggest improvements to current supply chains. Concurrently, an effort focusing on evaluating supply chains in the transportation sector is also contributing to the development of these design rules and guidelines. An approach for evaluating the sustainability of a supply chain and for designing them to be as sustainable as possible has been described. The premilinary results highlight the tradeoffs that will need to be considered when comparing alternatives especially for the biofuels; they also highlight the need for care in selecting and interpreting the metrics. C1 [Young, Douglas M.; Hawkins, Troy; Ingwersen, Wesley; Ruiz-Mercado, Gerardo; Smith, Raymond L.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Young, DM (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W MLK Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM young.douglas@epa.gov OI Ingwersen, Wesley/0000-0002-9614-701X NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AIDIC SERVIZI SRL PI MILANO PA VIA GIUSEPPE COLOMBO 81/A, MILANO, MI 20133, ITALY SN 1974-9791 BN 978-88-95608-20-4 J9 CHEM ENGINEER TRANS PY 2012 VL 29 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.3303/CET1229043 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BFE73 UT WOS:000319510300043 ER PT S AU Somma, A Sayers, R Brady, D AF Somma, Angela Sayers, Rick Brady, Don BE Racke, KD McGaughey, BD Cowles, JL Hall, AT Jackson, SH Jenkins, JJ Johnston, JJ TI Federal Agency Perspectives on ESA Process, Issues, and Potential Improvements SO PESTICIDE REGULATION AND THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Endangered Species Act and Pesticide Regulation: Scientific and Process Improvements / 242nd Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc, AGRO Div, Dow AgroScienes, CropLife Amer, Intrinsik Environm Sci AB Endangered Species Act (ESA) consultations on effects of pesticide registration activities pursuant to the Federal Insecticide, Rodenticide, and Fungicide Act are challenging, complicated and contentious. This paper outlines the ESA consultation process, the challenges in conducting consultations on pesticide registration activities, and some potential improvements to the process. C1 [Somma, Angela] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Sayers, Rick] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Brady, Don] US Environm Protect Agcy, Potomac Yard 1, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Somma, A (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Angela.Somma@noaa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2703-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1111 BP 31 EP + PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEO32 UT WOS:000317550400003 ER PT S AU Odenkirchen, EW AF Odenkirchen, Edward W. BE Racke, KD McGaughey, BD Cowles, JL Hall, AT Jackson, SH Jenkins, JJ Johnston, JJ TI Advancements in Endangered Species Act Affects Determination for Pesticide Registration Actions SO PESTICIDE REGULATION AND THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Endangered Species Act and Pesticide Regulation: Scientific and Process Improvements / 242nd Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc, AGRO Div, Dow AgroScienes, CropLife Amer, Intrinsik Environm Sci AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency is beginning the review of pesticide registrations under the Registration Review provisions of the Food Quality Protection Act. This process will include the completion of effects determinations and consultation for federally listed threatened and endangered species under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act. The spatial, biological and temporal complexity of effects determinations and consultation for pesticide regulatory decisions, often made at a nationwide geographic scale, necessitates the movement toward a process that automates and standardizes many aspects of pesticide risk assessment. This development raises important scientific issues between the EPA and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife and National Marine Fisheries Services. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Odenkirchen, EW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Ariel Rios Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM odenkrichen.edward@epa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2703-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1111 BP 213 EP 223 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEO32 UT WOS:000317550400016 ER PT S AU Hoogeweg, CG Denton, DL Breuer, R Williams, WM TenBrook, P AF Hoogeweg, Cornelis G. Denton, Debra L. Breuer, Rich Williams, W. Martin TenBrook, Patti BE Racke, KD McGaughey, BD Cowles, JL Hall, AT Jackson, SH Jenkins, JJ Johnston, JJ TI Development of a Spatial-Temporal Co-occurrence Index To Evaluate Relative Pesticide Risks to Threatened and Endangered Species SO PESTICIDE REGULATION AND THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Endangered Species Act and Pesticide Regulation: Scientific and Process Improvements / 242nd Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc, AGRO Div, Dow AgroScienes, CropLife Amer, Intrinsik Environm Sci ID RICEWQ-VADOFT MODEL; PADDIES; PREY; PREDATORS; NETWORKS; PATTERNS; IMPACTS; GREECE; FIELD; FATE AB A decline in pelagic species has been observed in the San Francisco Bay-Delta, triggering questions as to whether contaminants are contributing to the decline. An index method was developed to evaluate the spatial and temporal co-occurrence of pesticides and threatened and endangered species for this large ecosystem. The co-occurrence index combines monthly species abundance with statistical distributions of pesticide indicator days for 40 widely used pesticides. The frequency of co-occurrence was determined for 12 aquatic and semi-aquatic threatened or endangered species to help guide future research and monitoring priorities, and the placement of best management practices in the study area. C1 [Hoogeweg, Cornelis G.; Williams, W. Martin] Waterborne Environm Inc, Leesburg, VA 20175 USA. [Denton, Debra L.; Breuer, Rich; TenBrook, Patti] US Environm Protect Agcy, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Breuer, Rich] Calif Dept Water Resources, West Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. RP Hoogeweg, CG (reprint author), Waterborne Environm Inc, Leesburg, VA 20175 USA. EM hoogewegg@waterborne-env.com NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2703-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1111 BP 303 EP + PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEO32 UT WOS:000317550400023 ER PT S AU Savage, N AF Savage, Nora BE Vaseashta, A Braman, E Susmann, P TI Nano Sensing Devices - Future Directions Challenges and Opportunities SO TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN SENSING AND DETECTION OF CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR THREATS AND ECOLOGICAL TERRORISM SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series A-Chemistry and Biology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Technological Innovations in Detection and Sensing of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN) - Threats and Ecological Terrorism CY JUN 06-17, 2010 CL Chisinau, MOLDOVA SP NATO Adv Study Inst (ASI) AB Nanotechnology offers tremendous opportunities for developing sensing and monitoring devices that are small and inexpensive with rapid response time of multiple analyte detection. In addition, there is the potential for these sensors to have "smart" or active capabilities embedded in them. These devices can help meet critical challenges identified in the environmental, occupational, biological and national security areas. RP Savage, N (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NCER, Mail Code 8722P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM savage.nora@epa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-6489 BN 978-94-007-2488-4 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SEC A JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. A-Chem. Biol. PY 2012 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-2488-4_5 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEL55 UT WOS:000317232300005 ER PT J AU Li, R Conti, DV Diaz-Sanchez, D Gilliland, F Thomas, DC AF Li, Rui Conti, David V. Diaz-Sanchez, David Gilliland, Frank Thomas, Duncan C. TI Joint Analysis for Integrating Two Related Studies of Different Data Types and Different Study Designs Using Hierarchical Modeling Approaches SO HUMAN HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical modeling; Biological related studies; Data integration; Gene-environment interaction; Joint analysis; Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods; Prior knowledge ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COMMUNITIES; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; NECROSIS-FACTOR G-308A; AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; BRONCHITIC SYMPTOMS; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; ORDER INTERACTIONS; SMOKE EXPOSURE; LUNG-FUNCTION AB Background: A chronic disease such as asthma is the result of a complex sequence of biological interactions involving multiple genes and pathways in response to a multitude of environmental exposures. However, methods to model jointly all factors are still evolving. Some of the current challenges include how to integrate knowledge from different data types and different disciplines, as well as how to utilize relevant external information such as gene annotation to identify novel disease genes and gene-environment interactions. Methods: Using a Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework, we developed two alternative methods for joint analysis of an epidemiologic study of a disease endpoint and an experimental study of intermediate phenotypes, while incorporating external information. Results: Our simulation studies demonstrated superior performance of the proposed hierarchical models compared to separate analysis with the standard single-level regression modeling approach. The combined analyses of the Southern California Children's Health Study and challenge study data suggest that these joint analytical methods detected more significant genetic main and gene-environment interaction effects than the conventional analysis. Conclusion: The proposed prior framework is very flexible and can be generalized for an integrative analysis of diverse sources of relevant biological data. Copyright (c) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Li, Rui; Conti, David V.; Thomas, Duncan C.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Div Biostat, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Gilliland, Frank] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Div Environm Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Conti, David V.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Zilkha Neurogenet Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Diaz-Sanchez, David] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Li, Rui] Novartis Mol Diagnost, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Thomas, DC (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Div Biostat, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM dthomas@usc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA014089, U19 CA148107]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES019876, P30 ES007048] NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0001-5652 J9 HUM HERED JI Hum. Hered. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 2 BP 83 EP 96 DI 10.1159/000345181 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 111QG UT WOS:000316535200003 PM 23343600 ER PT S AU Knaak, JB Dary, CC Zhang, XF Gerlach, RW Tornero-Velez, R Chang, DT Goldsmith, R Blancato, JN AF Knaak, James B. Dary, Curtis C. Zhang, Xiaofei Gerlach, Robert W. Tornero-Velez, R. Chang, Daniel T. Goldsmith, Rocky Blancato, Jerry N. BE Whitacre, DM TI Parameters for Pyrethroid Insecticide QSAR and PBPK/PD Models for Human Risk Assessment SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 219 SE Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHIRAL STATIONARY PHASES; IN-VITRO METABOLISM; INVITRO PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; HUMAN DOSE-EXCRETION; SODIUM-CHANNEL ACTIVATION; RAT-BRAIN SYNAPTOSOMES; HUMAN SERUM-ALBUMIN; PORCINE SKIN FLAP C1 [Knaak, James B.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. [Dary, Curtis C.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Zhang, Xiaofei; Gerlach, Robert W.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Tornero-Velez, R.; Chang, Daniel T.; Goldsmith, Rocky; Blancato, Jerry N.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Knaak, JB (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. EM jbknaak@aol.com OI Blancato, Jerry/0000-0002-7023-5767 NR 344 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0179-5953 BN 978-1-4614-3281-4 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 2012 VL 219 BP 1 EP 114 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3281-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-3281-4 PG 114 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BEF71 UT WOS:000316410700001 PM 22610175 ER PT J AU Menetrez, MY AF Menetrez, M. Y. BE PachecoTorgal, F Jalali, S Fucic, A TI Antimicrobial treatment and efficacy SO TOXICITY OF BUILDING MATERIALS SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE antimicrobial; efficacy; treatment; indoor air ID SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; WATER-DAMAGED BUILDINGS; STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; DUCT MATERIALS; UV-RADIATION; INDOOR MOLDS; GROWTH; CONTAMINATION; IRRADIATION AB To limit exposure to indoor biological contamination a risk-management approach which employs various antimicrobial treatments can effectively control contaminants and reduce exposure. Antimicrobial treatment of biological contaminants, especially mold in buildings, is often necessary to control the sources of indoor air pollution, and eliminate potential irritant, allergen, toxin, carcinogen and pathogen exposure to occupants. Antimicrobial agents, called fungicides, sporicides or biocides, have long been used to control, prevent, and remediate microbial growth. The antimicrobial efficacy of EPA-FIFRA (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act) registered chemicals and encapsulants, over-the-counter cleaners, and mechanical devices (such as UV irradiation) to reduce concentrations of mold and bacteria have only recently been investigated. Standard methods to test these control measures have recently been established, and now pertain to a wide set of applications. ASTM 6329-98 (2003) is a standard method to measure efficacy, established and utilized in a wide set of applications. Specific problem applications, such as controlling biological growth on gypsum wallboard, are addressed in this chapter from multiple applications, such as antimicrobial cleaners, paints, and new product developments. Both antimicrobial product efficacy results and testing methodology are summarized. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Menetrez, MY (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM menetrez.marc@epa.gov NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85709-635-7 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2012 BP 351 EP 390 D2 10.1533/9780857096357 PG 40 WC Environmental Sciences; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Materials Science; Toxicology GA BDX86 UT WOS:000315593800014 ER PT J AU Slone, EJ Teuschler, LK Aume, LL Narotsky, MG Simmons, JE Lordo, RA Rice, GE AF Slone, Elizabeth J. Teuschler, Linda K. Aume, Laura L. Narotsky, Michael G. Simmons, Jane Ellen Lordo, Robert A. Rice, Glenn E. TI Estimation of Individual Rodent Water Consumption from Group Consumption Data for Gestation, Lactation, and Postweaning Life Stages Using Linear Regression Models SO ILAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs); Four Lab Study; regression analysis; reproductive toxicity; rodent drinking water consumption model ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; COMPLEX-MIXTURES; RAT BIOASSAY; 4 LAB; CHLORINATION AB In rodent bioassays where chemicals are administered in the drinking water, water consumption data for individual animals are needed to estimate chemical exposures accurately. If multiple animals share a common water source, as occurs in some studies, only the total amount of drinking water consumed by all animals utilizing the common source is directly measurable, and water consumption rates for individual animals are not available. In the Four Lab Study of the US Environmental Protection Agency, which included a multigenerational rodent bioassay, a complex mixture of drinking water disinfection by-products was delivered to multiple Sprague-Dawley rats from a common drinking water container. To estimate disinfection by-product mixture exposure for each animal, authors developed four log-linear regression models to allocate water consumption among rats sharing a common water container. The four models represented three animal lifestages: Gestation, Lactation, and Postweaning, with separate Postweaning models for male and female. Authors used data from six Sprague-Dawley rat bioassays to develop these models from available individual cage data for the Postweaning models, and available individual animal data for the Gestation and Lactation models. The r(2) values for the model fits were good, ranging from 0.67 to 0.92. The Gestation and Lactation models were generally quite accurate in predicting average daily water consumption whereas the Postweaning models were less robust. These models can be generalized for use in other reproductive and developmental bioassays where common water sources are used and data on the explanatory variables are available. C1 [Slone, Elizabeth J.; Aume, Laura L.; Lordo, Robert A.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. [Teuschler, Linda K.; Rice, Glenn E.] US EPA, NCEA, ORD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Narotsky, Michael G.; Simmons, Jane Ellen] US EPA, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Teuschler, LK (reprint author), US EPA, NCEA Cin, 26 W ML King Dr MSA 110, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM teuschler.linda@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [EP-C-05-030] FX The authors acknowledge the thoughtful reviews of Drs. Harlal Choudhury, Nina Wang, and Shahid Parvez. This work was performed by Battelle for the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under Contract EP-C-05-030. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1084-2020 J9 ILAR J JI ILAR J. PY 2012 VL 53 IS 1 BP E99 EP E112 DI 10.1093/ilar.53.1.99 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 084NP UT WOS:000314546600009 PM 23382274 ER PT J AU Bergfelt, DR Thompson, DL Brown, JL Presley, NA West, KL Campbell, M Adams, GP AF Bergfelt, Don R. Thompson, Donald L., Jr. Brown, Janine L. Presley, Nicole A. West, Kristi L. Campbell, Michelle Adams, Gregg P. TI Investigation of an Immunoreactive Chorionic Gonadotropin-Like Substance in the Placenta, Serum, and Urine of Pregnant Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE chorionic gonadotropin; placenta; immunoanalysis; pregnancy; bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus ID SECRETION; MARE; TESTOSTERONE; SUBUNITS; GNRH AB This study was designed to test the hypothesis that an immunoreactive chorionic gonadotropin (CG)-like substance is present in full-term dolphin placentas and to determine if CG immunoreactivity can be detected in corresponding serum and urine samples for potential application to diagnose pregnancy. Six placentas were collected immediately after parturition from four captive bottlenose dolphins in 2003, 2007 (Experiment 1), and 2011 (Experiment 2). Serum and urine were collected during early, middle, and late pregnancy from the same dolphins. In Experiment 1, an eCG radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to analyze dilutions of supernatants from the homogenates of each placenta for eCG immunoreactivity, and a commercial hCG Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to analyze individual serum samples and dilutions of pools of serum and urine for hCG immunoreactivity. Specific CG immunore-activity was not detected above assay sensitivities in any of the supernatants of respective placental homogenates, including the highest concentrate (100 mg/mL), nor in any of the individual samples and pools of serum and urine. In Experiment 2, the highest placental homogenate was increased five-fold (500 mg/mL), sensitivity of the eCG RIA was increased six-fold, and a different combination of hCG antibodies was used in an alternative commercial "sandwich"-type ELISA. Despite the optimization, specific CG immunoreactivity in placental tissue and individual serum and urine samples was not detected above assay sensitivities. In conclusion, the hypothesis that an immunoreactive CG-like substance is present in full-term dolphin placentas was not supported. In addition, non-immunoreactivity of a CG-like substance in serum and urine samples collected during various stages of pregnancy precluded the development and application of a CG-based immunoassay for diagnosing pregnancy status in dolphins. C1 [Bergfelt, Don R.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Thompson, Donald L., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Brown, Janine L.; Presley, Nicole A.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [West, Kristi L.] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Campbell, Michelle] Dolphin Quest & Quest Global Management, Waikoloa, HI 96738 USA. [Adams, Gregg P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5B4, Canada. RP Bergfelt, DR (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Bergfelt.Don@epa.gov FU Dolphin Quest and Quest Global Management FX This study was supported by Dolphin Quest and Quest Global Management who provided partial funding to support the project and the placentas, serum, and urine that were used for analysis. In addition, the authors thank Drs. Jay Sweeney, Rae Stone, Gregg Levine, and the Dolphin Quest training staff who manage the Dolphin Quest Reproduction Program. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2012 VL 38 IS 4 BP 354 EP 361 DI 10.1578/AM.38.4.2012.354 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 066JJ UT WOS:000313216600003 ER PT J AU Sokoletsky, LG Lunetta, RS Wetz, MS Paerl, HW AF Sokoletsky, Leonid G. Lunetta, Ross S. Wetz, Michael S. Paerl, Hans W. TI Assessment of the water quality components in turbid estuarine waters based on radiative transfer approximations SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE water quality; radiative transfer; estuarine waters ID REMOTE-SENSING REFLECTANCE; NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SCATTERING PHASE FUNCTION; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; FLAT HOMOGENEOUS OCEAN; UNDERWATER LIGHT-FIELD; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; CHLOROPHYLL-A; NORTH-CAROLINA AB Bio-geo-optical data collected in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA were used to develop a semi-empirical optical algorithm for assessing inherent optical properties associated with water quality components (WQCs). Three wavelengths (560, 665, and 709 nm) were explored for algorithm development. WQCs included chlorophyll a (Chl), volatile suspended solids (VSS), fixed suspended solids (FSS), total suspended solids (TSS), and absorption of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (a(CDOM)). The relationships between the measured remote-sensing reflectance and the WQCs were derived based on radiative transfer model calculations. We simulated and analyzed the impact of CDOM absorption in the red and near infrared spectral domains, multiple scattering, and scattering phase function on the accuracy of WQCs prediction. The algorithm was validated by comparing experimental Chl dynamics with predicted values and a numerical comparison between measured and modeled Chl values. The numerical comparison yielded the highest correlation between predicted and measured WQCs for Chl (R-2 = 0.88) and the lowest for FSS (R-2 = 0.00), while the best and worst mean-normalized root-mean-squares errors were obtained for a(CDOM)(412.5) and FSS (35% and 59%, respectively). WQCs retrieval accuracy was typically significantly better at values of a(TSS, red) > 0.5 m(-1). C1 [Sokoletsky, Leonid G.; Lunetta, Ross S.; Wetz, Michael S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Paerl, Hans W.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Sokoletsky, LG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sokoletsky.leonid@gmail.com FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) [CR-833232]; USEPA Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) Advanced Monitoring Initiative (AMI) [14] FX This article is devoted to the 70th birthday of Prof. Anatoly Gitelson, who was the patient and wise supervisor as well as remote sensing mentor for one of the authors (LGS). We also would like to acknowledge him, and Peter Principe and Megan VanFossen as well, for their manuscript review comments and suggestions. We thank Alexander Kokhanovsky for making available the results of his radiative transfer calculations. Also, thanks are extended to Joseph Knight, Benjamin Peierls, Pam Wyrick, and Jeremy Braddy for providing ModMon water quality data; and to Rodney Guajardo for providing FerryMon chlorophyll a data. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) funded and partially conducted the research described in this paper. The USEPA provided funding to the National Research Council in support of this effort under Cooperative Agreement #CR-833232. Partial research funding was provided by the USEPA Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) Advanced Monitoring Initiative (AMI) Grant #14. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and has been approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of any trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 87 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU SCIENCE FROM ISRAEL-DIVISION OF LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 34299, JERUSALEM 91341, ISRAEL SN 0792-9978 J9 ISR J PLANT SCI JI Isr. J. Plant Sci. PY 2012 VL 60 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 229 DI 10.1560/IJPS.60.1-2.209 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 060JO UT WOS:000312773500017 ER PT J AU Li, L Chen, CH Huang, C Huang, HY Zhang, GF Wang, YJ Wang, HL Lou, SR Qiao, LP Zhou, M Chen, MH Chen, YR Streets, DG Fu, JS Jang, CJ AF Li, L. Chen, C. H. Huang, C. Huang, H. Y. Zhang, G. F. Wang, Y. J. Wang, H. L. Lou, S. R. Qiao, L. P. Zhou, M. Chen, M. H. Chen, Y. R. Streets, D. G. Fu, J. S. Jang, C. J. TI Process analysis of regional ozone formation over the Yangtze River Delta, China using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality modeling system SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PRIDE-PRD2004 CAMPAIGN; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; IBERIAN PENINSULA; SURFACE OZONE; PART II; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION; PREDICTIONS; POLLUTANTS; EPISODE AB A high O-3 episode was detected in urban Shanghai, a typical city in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in August 2010. The CMAQ integrated process rate method is applied to account for the contribution of different atmospheric processes during the high pollution episode. The analysis shows that the maximum concentration of ozone occurs due to transport phenomena, including vertical diffusion and horizontal advective transport. Gas-phase chemistry producing O-3 mainly occurs at the height of 300-1500 m, causing a strong vertical O-3 transport from upper levels to the surface layer. The gas-phase chemistry is an important sink for O-3 in the surface layer, coupled with dry deposition. Cloud processes may contribute slightly to the increase of O-3 due to convective clouds or to the decrease of O-3 due to scavenging. The horizontal diffusion and heterogeneous chemistry contributions are negligible during the whole episode. Modeling results show that the O-3 pollution characteristics among the different cities in the YRD region have both similarities and differences. During the buildup period, the O-3 starts to appear in the city regions of the YRD and is then transported to the surrounding areas under the prevailing wind conditions. The O-3 production from photochemical reaction in Shanghai and the surrounding area is most significant, due to the high emission intensity in the large city; this ozone is then transported out to sea by the westerly wind flow, and later diffuses to rural areas like Chongming island, Wuxi and even to Nanjing. The O-3 concentrations start to decrease in the cities after sunset, due to titration of the NO emissions, but ozone can still be transported and maintain a significant concentration in rural areas and even regions outside the YRD region, where the NO emissions are very small. C1 [Li, L.; Chen, C. H.; Huang, C.; Huang, H. Y.; Zhang, G. F.; Wang, H. L.; Lou, S. R.; Qiao, L. P.; Zhou, M.; Chen, M. H.; Chen, Y. R.] Shanghai Acad Environm Sci, Shanghai 200233, Peoples R China. [Wang, Y. J.] Shanghai Univ, Inst Environm Pollut & Hlth, Sch Environm & Chem Engn, Shanghai 200444, Peoples R China. [Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Fu, J. S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jang, C. J.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Chen, CH (reprint author), Shanghai Acad Environm Sci, Shanghai 200233, Peoples R China. EM chench@saes.sh.cn RI 杨, 宇栋/F-6250-2012; Huang, Cheng/I-7099-2015; OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU National Non-profit Scientific Research Program for Environmental Protection [201009001, 201209001]; Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [11231200500]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41205122, 41105102] FX This study was supported by the National Non-profit Scientific Research Program for Environmental Protection via grant No. 201009001 and 201209001, the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Fund Project via grant No. 11231200500, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) via grant No. 41205122 and No. 41105102. The authors appreciate the suggestions made by the reviewers that helped greatly to improve this paper. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 57 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 22 BP 10971 EP 10987 DI 10.5194/acp-12-10971-2012 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055JG UT WOS:000312411300023 ER PT J AU Choudhary, R Arnold, FC Nguyen, NT AF Choudhary, Rehan Arnold, Fredric C. Nguyen, Nhan T. TI The Evaporation of Mercury Droplets in Indoor Spaces SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE environmental modeling; mathematical modeling; mercury droplets; mercury evaporation; mercury exposure; mercury oxidation AB Based on experiments conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the evaporation of mercury droplets in air was modeled as an exponential decay, and values for the decay constant, kd , were estimated; values for k -1 d ranged from 0.7 days to 2.2 days over a temperature range of 302 K to 310 K. Although values of kd did not appear to vary significantly as a function of temperature, they did exhibit significant variability for the temperature range studied. These insights can be incorporated into stochastic-based uncertainty analyses when modeling various exposure scenarios for mercury spills in indoor spaces. C1 [Choudhary, Rehan; Arnold, Fredric C.; Nguyen, Nhan T.] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Chem Engn Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Choudhary, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Chem Engn Branch, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Choudhary.Rehan@epa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2012 VL 9 IS 12 BP 712 EP 719 DI 10.1080/15459624.2012.728925 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 057XC UT WOS:000312596700007 PM 23067112 ER PT J AU Kou, JH Varma, RS AF Kou, Jiahui Varma, Rajender S. TI Beet Juice-Induced Green Fabrication of Plasmonic AgCl/Ag Nanoparticles SO CHEMSUSCHEM LA English DT Article DE green chemistry; microwave chemistry; nanoparticles; photocatalysis; silver ID VISIBLE-LIGHT IRRADIATION; AG-AT-AGCL; HIGHLY EFFICIENT; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; METAL NANOPARTICLES; HYDROGEN GENERATION; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; FACILE SYNTHESIS; PHOTOCATALYST AB A simple, green, and fast approach (complete within 5 min) was explored for the fabrication of hybrid AgCl/Ag plasmonic nanoparticles under microwave (MW) irradiation. In this method, beet juice served as a reducing reagent, which is an abundant sugar-rich agricultural produce. Interestingly, the obtained AgCl/Ag samples have a smaller size than the AgCl reaction precursor. This makes it an unusual top-down hydrothermal synthesis. The as-prepared material displayed good photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye. C1 [Kou, Jiahui; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 53 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 40 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1864-5631 J9 CHEMSUSCHEM JI ChemSusChem PY 2012 VL 5 IS 12 BP 2435 EP 2441 DI 10.1002/cssc.201200477 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 052TB UT WOS:000312220300020 PM 22945662 ER PT J AU Richardson, V Warren, GJ Nielson, M Horvatin, PJ AF Richardson, Violeta Warren, Glenn J. Nielson, Melanie Horvatin, Paul J. TI Cooperative Science and Monitoring Initiative (CSMI) for the Great Lakes - Lake Ontario 2008 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cooperative Science; CSMI; Nearshore AB The Cooperative Science and Monitoring Initiative (CSMI) was created as the result of a need to coordinate science in support of management of the Great Lakes. The process includes enhanced monitoring and research field activities which are conducted in one lake per year, tied to the needs of the Lakewide Management Plan (LaMP) committees. Lake-specific activities in the other four years are: sample analysis, data interpretation, reporting, LaMP data needs compilation, CSMI monitoring and research workplan development and vetting through the LaMP, and planning and logistics for the next field year. Through planning efforts in 2006, Lake Ontario LaMP committees determined that data were needed on: status of the lower food web as a detection for ecological change; extent of decoupling of nearshore to offshore movement of materials, specifically nutrients and pollutants; lake-wide lake trout assessment as an indication of progress towards restoration; and development of whole system ecological models that would assist fishery managers when dealing with multiple stressors such as invasives. CSMI helped in the coordination of a number of these monitoring and research efforts, the results of which are reported in this issue. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Warren, Glenn J.; Horvatin, Paul J.] US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Richardson, Violeta] Environm Canada, Water Monitoring & Surveillance Div, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Warren, GJ (reprint author), US EPA, 77 W Jackson Blvd, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM warren.glenn@epa.gov; horvatin.paul@epa.gov NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2012 VL 38 SU 4 SI SI BP 10 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.07.005 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 052FN UT WOS:000312183200003 ER PT J AU Yurista, PM Kelly, JR Miller, S Van Alstine, J AF Yurista, Peder M. Kelly, John R. Miller, Samuel Van Alstine, Jon TI Lake Ontario: Nearshore conditions and variability in water quality parameters SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Ontario; Nearshore; Assessment; Towed instrument array; CTD; LOPC ID OPTICAL PLANKTON COUNTER; GREAT-LAKES; ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; CHLOROPHYLL-A; SAGINAW BAY; PHOSPHORUS; ERIE; HURON; NUTRIENTS AB We conducted a high-resolution survey of the Lake Ontario nearshore along the 20-m contour using towed electronic instrumentation. The 720-km survey was conducted 6-10, September 2008. The survey included a repeat of a shorter 300 km stretch surveyed during 14-15, August. The towed sensors provided high-resolution information on spatial variability both vertically and horizontally in the nearshore. Along the survey tracks we also sampled fixed stations to collect samples for traditional wet chemistry and plankton analyses which we used to calibrate the in situ electronic sensors. Multiple cross-contour tows (15, from 10 to 30 m) on both cruise dates were used to characterize the variability across the breadth of the nearshore. There was a strong linear correlation among shore parallel and cross-contour variable values, and this result gives confidence in the use of a depth contour-based survey to characterize the nearshore comprehensively and explore potential linkages to landscape variability. Variation in the nearshore data was analyzed using multivariate stepwise regressions with respect to landscape characteristics of the adjacent coastal watersheds (US only). The strongest correlations to the landscape among the nearshore data were from specific conductivity and beam attenuation (r(2) of 0.49 and 0.42, respectively). A broadscale clustering of the nearshore variables identified three general regions distinguished primarily by temperature, plankton, and specific conductivity. Lake-wide averages, spatial trends, and associated variability at multiple scales across the nearshore provided a comprehensive depiction of the entire Lake Ontario nearshore condition. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Yurista, Peder M.; Kelly, John R.; Miller, Samuel; Van Alstine, Jon] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Yurista, PM (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM yurista.peder@epa.gov; kelly.johnr@epa.gov; miller.samuel@epa.gov; vanalstine.jon@epa.gov FU USEPA FX We thank the USEPA Great Lakes National Program Office for ship time on the R/V Lake Guardian. We thank D. Bolgrien for his comments and discussion that helped to improve this paper. Comments from two anonymous reviewers also helped greatly to improve the clarity of the presentation. This work was funded entirely by the USEPA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USEPA. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2012 VL 38 SU 4 SI SI BP 133 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.09.002 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 052FN UT WOS:000312183200017 ER PT J AU Jordan, SJ O'Higgins, T Dittmar, JA AF Jordan, Stephen J. O'Higgins, Timothy Dittmar, John A. TI Ecosystem Services of Coastal Habitats and Fisheries: Multiscale Ecological and Economic Models in Support of Ecosystem-Based Management SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC COAST; BROWN SHRIMP; SURVIVAL; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; VALUES AB Critical habitats for fish and wildlife are often small patches in landscapes, e.g., aquatic vegetation beds, reefs, isolated ponds and wetlands, remnant old-growth forests, etc., yet the same animal populations that depend on these patches for reproduction or survival can be extensive, ranging over large regions, even continents or major ocean basins. Whereas the ecological production functions that support these populations can be measured only at fine geographic scales and over brief periods of time, the ecosystem services (benefits that ecosystems convey to humans by supporting food production, water and air purification, recreational, esthetic, and cultural amenities, etc.) are delivered over extensive scales of space and time. These scale mismatches are particularly important for quantifying the economic values of ecosystem services. Examples can be seen in fish, shellfish, game, and bird populations. Moreover, there can be wide-scale mismatches in management regimes, e. g., coastal fisheries management versus habitat management in the coastal zone. We present concepts and case studies linking the production functions (contributions to recruitment) of critical habitats to commercial and recreational fishery values by combining site-specific research data with spatial analysis and population models. We present examples illustrating various spatial scales of analysis, with indicators of economic value, for recreational Chinook Oncorhynchus tshawytscha salmon fisheries in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (Washington and Oregon) and commercial blue crab Callinectes sapidus and penaeid shrimp fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Jordan, Stephen J.; Dittmar, John A.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [O'Higgins, Timothy] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Dunstaffnage Marine Lab Dunbeg, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. RP Jordan, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM jordan.steve@epa.gov RI O'Higgins, Tim/G-6717-2015 OI O'Higgins, Tim/0000-0003-1274-4480 NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 88 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 573 EP 586 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.703162 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400044 ER PT J AU Kou, JH Varma, RS AF Kou, Jiahui Varma, Rajender S. TI Beet juice utilization: Expeditious green synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles (Ag, Au, Pt, and Pd) using microwaves SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID NANOMATERIALS; EXTRACT AB Metal nanoparticles of Ag, Au, Pt, and Pd were prepared in aqueous solutions via a rapid microwave-assisted green method using beet juice, an abundant sugar-rich agricultural product, which served as both a reducing and a capping reagent. The Ag nanoparticles with capping prepared using beet juice exhibit higher catalytic activity and durability than those prepared using NaBH4 for the transformation of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. C1 [Kou, Jiahui; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kou, JH (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2012 VL 2 IS 27 BP 10283 EP 10290 DI 10.1039/c2ra21908e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 051PB UT WOS:000312138400026 ER PT J AU Mahendra, A Bowen, B Simons, ME Adler, K AF Mahendra, Anjali Bowen, Beverly Simons, Mark E. Adler, Kenneth TI Impacts of Implementing Transportation Control Measures on Travel Activity and Emissions SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB Transportation is one of the fastest-growing sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States and is responsible for a large share of criteria pollutants as well. This paper describes the methodology and results from a project to analyze the potential national-scale effectiveness of transportation control measures in reducing GHG and other pollutant emissions through changes in travel activity. As part of the analysis, a peer-reviewed methodology was developed, and data were obtained from the regional travel demand models of 15 metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs). The regions covered a variety of city sizes, transportation profiles, and geographical regions of the country. The travel activity and emissions impacts of multiple strategies at the regional and national levels were estimated to 2050 with the data obtained from the MPOs. The strategies selected for analysis were travel demand management, land use policies, transit-related strategies, parking-cost changes, and road pricing in the form of vehicle miles traveled (VMT) fees. The long-range transportation plans of participating regions contributed to the creation of scenarios that combined the most widely considered strategies as well as more aggressive strategies such as road pricing for the analysis of impacts on regional trips and VMT. Although other research efforts have focused on this topic in recent years, this study is unique in its use of a bottom-up approach that employs data from a travel demand model for several metropolitan areas as inputs to a standard analysis tool. It helps to illustrate how the emissions impacts of transportation strategies can be estimated on a national scale by using regional information. C1 [Mahendra, Anjali; Bowen, Beverly] ICF Int, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Simons, Mark E.] US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Adler, Kenneth] US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Mahendra, A (reprint author), ICF Int, 2222 Highway 54 E,Suite 480, Durham, NC 27713 USA. EM amahendra@icfi.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Transportation and Air Quality; EPA project team FX This research was funded from 2008 to 2011 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Transportation and Air Quality. The authors thank the EPA project team for its support. The authors also thank staff at the Center for Urban Transportation Research at the University of South Florida for help with the understanding and adaptation of the Trip Reduction Impacts of Mobility Management Strategies model for the analysis. Finally, the authors thank the five expert reviewers, who provided valuable feedback on the methodology developed for the study. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2012 IS 2287 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.3141/2287-14 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 048NF UT WOS:000311918500015 ER PT J AU Mukerjee, S Smith, L Neas, L Norris, G AF Mukerjee, Shaibal Smith, Luther Neas, Lucas Norris, Gary TI Evaluation of Land Use Regression Models for Nitrogen Dioxide and Benzene in Four US Cities SO SCIENTIFIC WORLD JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DEL-NORTE OZONE; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; PARTICULATE MATTER; EL-PASO; AIR; GIS; NO2; TRANSFERABILITY; POLLUTANTS; TEXAS AB Spatial analysis studies have included the application of land use regression models (LURs) for health and air quality assessments. Recent LUR studies have collected nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using passive samplers at urban air monitoring networks in El Paso and Dallas, TX, Detroit, MI, and Cleveland, OH to assess spatial variability and source influences. LURs were successfully developed to estimate pollutant concentrations throughout the study areas. Comparisons of development and predictive capabilities of LURs from these four cities are presented to address this issue of uniform application of LURs across study areas. Traffic and other urban variables were important predictors in the LURs although city-specific influences (such as border crossings) were also important. In addition, transferability of variables or LURs from one city to another may be problematic due to intercity differences and data availability or comparability. Thus, developing common predictors in future LURs may be difficult. C1 [Mukerjee, Shaibal; Norris, Gary] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Smith, Luther] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Neas, Lucas] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mukerjee, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Mail Code E205-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mukerjee.shaibal@epa.gov RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012 FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-10-070] FX For the roles in various aspects of these studies, the authors thank the following: Kuenja Chung of EPA Region 6; Karen Oliver and Davyda Hammond of EPA/ORD; Casson Stallings, Hunter Daughtrey, DavidWelch, Dennis Williams, Mariko Porter, and Mike Wheeler of Alion Science and Technology. They also thank the Dallas and Cleveland area fire departments and the El Paso and Detroit area schools for allowing us to use their properties. They thank Michael Breen and David Olson of EPA/ORD for reviewing the paper. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under contract EP-D-10-070 to Alion. The paper has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1537-744X J9 SCI WORLD J JI Sci. World J. PY 2012 AR 865150 DI 10.1100/2012/865150 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 050AI UT WOS:000312024400001 ER PT J AU Sueyoshi, T Li, LH Wang, HB Moore, R Kodavanti, PRS Lehmler, HJ Negishi, M Birnbaum, L AF Sueyoshi, Tatsuya Li, Linhao Wang, Hongbing Moore, Rick Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S. Lehmler, Hans-Joachim Negishi, Masahiko Birnbaum, Linda TI FLAME RETARDANT BDE-47 EFFECTIVELY ACTIVATES THE NUCLEAR RECEPTOR CAR IN HUMAN PRIMARY HEPATOCYTES SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th North American Regional International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics (ISSX) Meeting CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Dallas, TX SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot (ISSX) C1 [Sueyoshi, Tatsuya; Moore, Rick; Negishi, Masahiko; Birnbaum, Linda] NIEHS, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Li, Linhao; Wang, Hongbing] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Lehmler, Hans-Joachim] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2012 VL 44 SU 1 BP 111 EP 112 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 045EC UT WOS:000311676800221 ER PT J AU Neiva, J Hansen, GI Pearson, GA van de Vliet, MS Maggs, CA Serrao, EA AF Neiva, Joao Hansen, Gayle I. Pearson, Gareth A. van de Vliet, Mirjam S. Maggs, Christine A. Serrao, Ester A. TI Fucus cottonii (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) is not a single genetic entity but a convergent salt-marsh morphotype with multiple independent origins SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clonal propagation; evolutionary convergence; Fucaceae; genetic entities; high-intertidal; microsatellites; morphotype; salt-marsh ecads; seaweed ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; GENUS FUCUS; FUCACEAE; HETEROKONTOPHYTA; VESICULOSUS; POPULATIONS; ADAPTATION; AFFINITIES; PHYLOGENY; INFERENCE AB In low-energy salt-marsh environments, Fucus spp. frequently exhibit an atypical morphology that is characterized by the absence of an anchoring holdfast and a trend towards reduced size and buoyancy, enhanced vegetative proliferation, and often the loss of sexual reproduction. Such forms, often referred to as ecads, presumably derive from typical attached forms, but their affinities are normally difficult to establish with confidence due to their simplified and largely convergent morphology. Minute salt-marsh forms growing partially embedded in the sediment occur on Atlantic and Pacific coasts and have traditionally been recognized as an independent entity, Fucus cottonii. In this study we analyse with four microsatellite loci two F. cottonii populations from salt-marshes of Oregon (NE Pacific) and Ireland (Europe, near the species type locality), as well as local populations of other Fucus spp. that could be considered potential source populations, either directly or via hybridization. Our results show that the F. cottonii from Oregon derive from F. gardneri whereas the Irish population is closer to F. spiralis. We conclude that F. cottonii is not a coherent genetic entity, but an artificial grouping of evolutionarily independent populations that converged into similar morphologies in different salt-marsh habitats. C1 [Neiva, Joao; Pearson, Gareth A.; van de Vliet, Mirjam S.; Serrao, Ester A.] Univ Algarve, Ctr Ciencias Mar, Ctr Invest Marinha & Ambiental, Lab Associado, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal. [Hansen, Gayle I.] Oregon State Univ, US EPA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Maggs, Christine A.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Serrao, EA (reprint author), Univ Algarve, Ctr Ciencias Mar, Ctr Invest Marinha & Ambiental, Lab Associado, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal. EM eserrao@ualg.pt RI Pearson, Gareth/J-3911-2013; Serrao, Ester/C-6686-2012; OI Pearson, Gareth/0000-0002-0768-464X; Serrao, Ester/0000-0003-1316-658X; Maggs, Christine/0000-0003-0495-7064; Neiva, Joao/0000-0002-5927-4570 FU FCT, the Portuguese Science Foundation FX We thank Patrick Clinton (EPA Western Ecology Division, Newport Research Lab) for creating the distribution map of Fucus cottonii in the NE Pacific. This project was funded by FCT, the Portuguese Science Foundation. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-0262 J9 EUR J PHYCOL JI Eur. J. Phycol. PY 2012 VL 47 IS 4 BP 461 EP 468 DI 10.1080/09670262.2012.736536 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 046SM UT WOS:000311784700010 ER PT B AU Domingo, JS Schoen, M Ashbolt, N Ryu, H AF Domingo, Jorge Santo Schoen, Mary Ashbolt, Nicholas Ryu, Hodon BE Filion, M TI Using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction for Water Microbial Risk Assessments SO QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REAL-TIME PCR; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PHYLOGENETIC MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; REDUCTASE GENE-EXPRESSION; OPERON COPY NUMBER; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; DRINKING-WATER; FRESH-WATER AB Microbial risk assessment (MRA) has traditionally utilized microbiological data that was obtained by culture-based techniques that are expensive and time consuming. With the advent of PCR methods there is a realistic opportunity to conduct MRA studies economically, in less time, and simultaneously targeting multiple pathogens and their sources. More importantly, recently developed qPCR assays provide the opportunity to estimate the densities of the reference pathogens and their sources, which is critical to quantitative MRA (QMRA) analyses. In this chapter we discuss the use of qPCR-based methods to identify risks associated with exposure to water, namely drinking and recreational waters. We discuss the advantages associated with the current qPCR approaches used in microbial water quality studies and critically evaluate some of the limitations as they relate to the use of QMRA in the assessment of microbial water quality and public health protection. C1 [Domingo, Jorge Santo; Schoen, Mary; Ashbolt, Nicholas; Ryu, Hodon] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Domingo, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov; schoen.mary@epa.gov; ashbolt.nicholas@epa.gov; ryu.hodon@epa.gov NR 196 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-908230-01-0 PY 2012 BP 121 EP 147 PG 27 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BCW26 UT WOS:000311650600007 ER PT J AU Stelma, GN Wymer, LJ AF Stelma, Gerard N., Jr. Wymer, Larry J. TI Research considerations for more effective groundwater monitoring SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE coliforms; groundwater; indicator monitoring; pathogen monitoring; waterborne outbreaks ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PUBLIC-HEALTH PROTECTION; TREATED DRINKING-WATER; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; ENTERIC VIRUSES; TOTAL COLIFORMS; UNITED-STATES; BOVINE FECES; BEEF-CATTLE; OUTBREAKS AB Since numerous pathogens occur in feces, water is monitored for fecal contamination using indicator organisms rather than individual pathogens. Although this approach is supported by health effects data in recreational waters, it is questionable when used for drinking water. Most outbreaks in groundwater occur in systems that have not violated the US EPA's maximum contaminant limit (MCL) for total coliforms within 12 months before the outbreak. Additionally, environmentally stable viruses and parasites are often detected in drinking water samples with no detectable indicators. Recent detections of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter jejuni in groundwaters in the apparent absence of indicators also cast some doubt on the worth of indicators for fecal bacterial pathogens. Individual pathogen monitoring is now technically achievable but currently unreasonable due to the number of possible pathogens and the costs involved. Several alternatives to pathogen monitoring could significantly reduce the frequency at which pathogens occur in waters testing negative for indicators: (i) increasing sample volumes for indicators, (ii) increasing monitoring frequency, (iii) using a suite of indicators, (iv) using a more conservative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, (v) sampling when fecal contamination is most likely present or (vi) any combination of these options. C1 [Stelma, Gerard N., Jr.; Wymer, Larry J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Stelma, GN (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM stelma.gerard@epa.gov NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 22 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2012 VL 10 IS 4 BP 511 EP 521 DI 10.2166/wh.2012.016 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 040RT UT WOS:000311341300003 PM 23165708 ER PT J AU Raynal, M Villegas, EN Nelson, KL AF Raynal, Maria Villegas, Eric N. Nelson, Kara L. TI Enumeration of viable and non-viable larvated Ascaris eggs with quantitative PCR SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE biosolids; helminth eggs; polymerase chain reaction; sludge; viability ID REAL-TIME PCR; CELL-CULTURE; SAMPLES; DNA; INACTIVATION; OPTIMIZATION; EXTRACTION; MONOAZIDE AB The goal of this study was to further develop an incubation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method for quantifying viable Ascaris eggs by characterizing the detection limit and number of template copies per egg, determining the specificity of the method, and testing the method with viable and inactivated larvated eggs. The number of template copies per cell was determined by amplifying DNA from known numbers of eggs at different development stages; the value was estimated to be 32 copies. The specificity of the method was tested against a panel of bacteria, fungi, protozoa and helminths, and no amplification was found with non-target DNA. Finally, fully larvated eggs were inactivated by four different treatments: 254 nm ultraviolet light, 2,000 ppm NH3-N at pH 9, moderate heat (48 degrees C) and high heat (70 degrees C). Concentrations of treated eggs were measured by direct microscopy and incubation-qPCR. The qPCR signal decreased following all four treatments, and was in general agreement with the decrease in viable eggs determined by microscopy. The incubation-qPCR method for enumerating viable Ascaris eggs is a promising approach that can produce results faster than direct microscopy, and may have benefits for applications such as assessing biosolids. C1 [Raynal, Maria; Nelson, Kara L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Villegas, Eric N.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Nelson, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nelson@ce.berkeley.edu RI Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015; Nelson, Kara/G-7886-2015 OI Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588; FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP07D000599] FX We would like to thank the faculty members of the Laboratory of Parasitology at the University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, for providing the parasites used in this study. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under award number EP07D000599. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by EPA for use. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 27 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2012 VL 10 IS 4 BP 594 EP 604 DI 10.2166/wh.2012.101 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 040RT UT WOS:000311341300011 PM 23165716 ER PT J AU Raimondo, S AF Raimondo, Sandy TI Incorporating temperature-driven seasonal variation in survival, growth, and reproduction into population models for small fish SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Temperature; Growth; Mortality; Reproduction; Fish; Population dynamics; Seasonal variation ID MINNOW CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS; SIZE-DEPENDENT MORTALITY; NATURAL MORTALITY; SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW; LIFE-HISTORY; MARINE FISH; BODY-SIZE; MULTIGENERATIONAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; COUNTERGRADIENT VARIATION AB Seasonal variation in survival and reproduction can be a large source of prediction uncertainty in models used for conservation and management. A seasonally varying population model is developed that incorporates temperature-driven differences in mortality and reproduction for the small fish species the sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegatus. A temperature-dependent growth rate function is developed for the von Bertalanffy constant, K, measured at various temperatures and fit to a logistic curve. The value of K at each temperature estimates the duration of mobile life stages. Stage-specific mortality is modeled as a power function of size that includes a temperature-dependent modification for extraneous ecological factors such as predation. Seasonal reproduction is described through temperature-dependent functions of embryo survival and stage duration. Model sensitivity analysis indicates that the largest influence on the population growth rate is K. Cessation of reproduction at lower temperatures is also a critical driver of population growth rate. Population projections used either seasonal or constant parameters for 16 hypothetical populations and demonstrated the potential for long-term error propagation in population projection using constant rates. Models used for conservation and management should employ realistic temporal resolution that will allow for seasonal effects of temperature on growth, reproduction, and survival to be incorporated into population projections. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Raimondo, S (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM raimondo.sandy@epa.gov NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 469 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.3354/meps09988 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 043OK UT WOS:000311553600008 ER PT J AU Heald, CL Collett, JL Lee, T Benedict, KB Schwandner, FM Li, Y Clarisse, L Hurtmans, DR Van Damme, M Clerbaux, C Coheur, PF Philip, S Martin, RV Pye, HOT AF Heald, C. L. Collett, J. L., Jr. Lee, T. Benedict, K. B. Schwandner, F. M. Li, Y. Clarisse, L. Hurtmans, D. R. Van Damme, M. Clerbaux, C. Coheur, P. -F. Philip, S. Martin, R. V. Pye, H. O. T. TI Atmospheric ammonia and particulate inorganic nitrogen over the United States SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; PARTICLE CONCENTRATION; EMISSION INVENTORY; REACTIVE NITROGEN; RURAL LOCATIONS; DRY DEPOSITION; NYLON FILTERS; NITRIC-ACID AB We use in situ observations from the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network, the Midwest Ammonia Monitoring Project, 11 surface site campaigns as well as Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite measurements with the GEOS-Chem model to investigate inorganic aerosol loading and atmospheric ammonia concentrations over the United States. IASI observations suggest that current ammonia emissions are underestimated in California and in the springtime in the Midwest. In California this underestimate likely drives the underestimate in nitrate formation in the GEOS-Chem model. However in the remaining continental United States we find that the nitrate simulation is biased high (normalized mean bias > = 1.0) year-round, except in Spring (due to the underestimate in ammonia in this season). None of the uncertainties in precursor emissions, the uptake efficiency of N2O5 on aerosols, OH concentrations, the reaction rate for the formation of nitric acid, or the dry deposition velocity of nitric acid are able to explain this bias. We find that reducing nitric acid concentrations to 75% of their simulated values corrects the bias in nitrate (as well as ammonium) in the US. However the mechanism for this potential reduction is unclear and may be a combination of errors in chemistry, deposition and sub-grid near-surface gradients. This "updated" simulation reproduces PM and ammonia loading and captures the strong seasonal and spatial gradients in gas-particle partitioning across the United States. We estimate that nitrogen makes up 15-35% of inorganic fine PM mass over the US, and that this fraction is likely to increase in the coming decade, both with decreases in sulfur emissions and increases in ammonia emissions. C1 [Heald, C. L.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Heald, C. L.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Collett, J. L., Jr.; Lee, T.; Benedict, K. B.; Schwandner, F. M.; Li, Y.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Clarisse, L.; Hurtmans, D. R.; Van Damme, M.; Clerbaux, C.; Coheur, P. -F.] Univ Libre Brussels, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Brussels, Belgium. [Clerbaux, C.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Philip, S.; Martin, R. V.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Pye, H. O. T.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Heald, CL (reprint author), MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM heald@mit.edu RI Pye, Havala/F-5392-2012; Heald, Colette/A-6813-2011; Benedict, Katherine/E-6260-2011; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Li, Yi/N-4000-2015; Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; Schwandner, Florian/B-4027-2009 OI Pye, Havala/0000-0002-2014-2140; Benedict, Katherine/0000-0002-0530-8835; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Li, Yi/0000-0002-6022-9136; Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X; Schwandner, Florian/0000-0002-0260-4727 FU NOAA [NA12OAR4310064]; F.R.S.-FNRS; CNES for scientific collaboration; BELSPO; ESA; ECLAIRE project (EU-FP7); "Actions de Recherche Concertees" (Communaute Francaise de Belgique); NSERC Canada FX This work was supported by NOAA (NA12OAR4310064). Measurements at Big Bend NP, Yosemite NP, San Gorgonio, Bondville, Brigantine, Great Smoky Mountain NP, Rocky Mountain NP, Loveland Brush were supported by the National Park Service. Field assistance from D. Day, X. Yu, and B. Ayres is gratefully acknowledged. Measurements at Boulder, WY were supported by Shell Exploration and Development Company and taken in collaboration with Air Resource Specialists, Inc. IASI was developed and built under the responsibility of CNES and flies onboard the MetOp satellite as part of the Eumetsat Polar system. The IASI L1 data are received through the EUMETCast near real time data distribution service. LC, PFC and MVD are respectively Postdoctoral Researcher, Research Associate and FRIA grant holder with F.R.S.-FNRS. CC is grateful to CNES for scientific collaboration and financial support. The research in Belgium was funded by the BELSPO and ESA (Prodex arrangements). We acknowledge support from the ECLAIRE project (EU-FP7) and the "Actions de Recherche Concertees" (Communaute Francaise de Belgique). RVM and SP acknowledge support from NSERC Canada. Although this paper has been reviewed by the EPA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect EPA policies or views. NR 77 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 10 U2 93 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 21 BP 10295 EP 10312 DI 10.5194/acp-12-10295-2012 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 035NR UT WOS:000310954400019 ER PT J AU Suter, GW Cormier, SM AF Suter, Glenn W., II Cormier, Susan M. TI Two Roles for Environmental Assessors: Technical Consultant and Advisor SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Suter, Glenn W., II; Cormier, Susan M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Suter, GW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM suter.glenn@epa.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2012 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1153 EP 1155 DI 10.1080/10807039.2012.725158 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 033YM UT WOS:000310837300001 ER PT J AU Vedantham, R Norris, G Brown, SG Roberts, P AF Vedantham, Ram Norris, Gary Brown, Steven G. Roberts, Paul TI Combining continuous near-road monitoring and inverse modeling to isolate the effect of highway expansion on a school in Las Vegas SO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Near-road; Sustained Wind Incidence Method; Sector apportionment; Inverse model; Environmental forensics ID AIR-POLLUTION; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; FINE PARTICLES; LOS-ANGELES; POLLUTANTS; EMISSIONS; MORTALITY; GASOLINE; CHILDREN; NUMBER AB The impact of a highway expansion on a school adjacent to the highway is investigated with a novel method called the Sustained Wind Incidence Method (SWIM). SWIM falls under the broad group of environmental forensics methods where measured concentration data are used to identify possible contributors such as a point, line or a sectional source. SWIM helps to identify potential sources by highlighting spatial domains associated with the markers unique to potential contributors. In this study, SWIM is used to identify sources of traffic related emissions. The marker used to measure the impact of the traffic due to expansion is black carbon (BC), a key traffic related emission mostly associated with large vehicles (>12 m in length), collected both before and after the expanded lanes were open for use. Using this method, multiple source domains may be simultaneously identified. For this study, the data collection site was situated at the school about 20 meters from the sound wall (7 meters high) separating the school and the highway. SWIM results show that the road expansions may have impacted the traffic patterns of the nearby non-highway feeder road and on-ramp (adjacent to the sound wall) traffic to the highway. This sector showed a surprisingly larger change than the highway in the observed increase in their relative contribution to the receptor site. Some domains (apportioned sector) show a dramatic increase ranging roughly from 10% to 50% in relative contributions. Using the output from SWIM and knowledge of local contributors, a local source landscape is painted. (C) Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. C1 [Vedantham, Ram; Norris, Gary] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Brown, Steven G.; Roberts, Paul] Sonoma Technol Inc, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. RP Vedantham, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM vedantham.ram@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development; Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication.; The authors would like to thank Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) for funding the BC measurements and monitoring shelter at Fyfe as part of the US-95 Settlement Agreement. This study could not have been completed without extensive cooperation of the Clark County School District; we especially recognize Paul Gerner as well as the staff and the teachers of the school district and individual schools. David Vaughn and Joey Landreneau (STI) assisted with sampler operations, and Jennifer DeWinter and Theresa O'Brien with data processing. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 12 PU TURKISH NATL COMMITTEE AIR POLLUTION RES & CONTROL-TUNCAP PI BUCA PA DOKUZ EYLUL UNIV, DEPT ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, TINAZTEPE CAMPUS, BUCA, IZMIR 35160, TURKEY SN 1309-1042 J9 ATMOS POLLUT RES JI Atmos. Pollut. Res. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.5094/APR.2012.010 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 029RY UT WOS:000310514500011 ER PT J AU Sasivongpakdi, A Lee, JY Bharadwaj, H Keener, TC Barth, EF Clark, PJ Bujalski, NM Yeardley, RB AF Sasivongpakdi, Adison Lee, Joo-Youp Bharadwaj, Hari Keener, Tim C. Barth, Edwin F. Clark, Patrick J. Bujalski, Nicole M. Yeardley, Roger B., Jr. TI Evaluation of a sustainable remediation option: Beneficial reuse of petroleum-contaminated sediment as an energy source SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INCINERATOR FLY-ASH; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MERCURY; WATER; OIL; BIOACCUMULATION; TISSUE; SOILS; PAHS; FISH AB The characteristics of petroleum-contaminated sediment (PCS) have been evaluated to assess whether the practice of its beneficial reuse as a sole or supplemental energy source is sustainable relative to other sediment remediation options such as monitored natural recovery (MNR), capping, or off-site disposal. Some of these remediation options for PCS are energy-intensive and/or require land utilization. The energy and compositional analysis results indicate a low carbon content (15-17%(wt)) and corresponding low energy values of 5,200 kJ/kg (2,200 Btu/lb) to 5,600 kJ/kg (2,400 Btu/lb). However, given other decision-making criteria, the sediment may contain enough value to be added as a supplemental fuel given that it is normally considered a waste product and is readily available. The thermogravimetric profiles obtained under both combustion and pyrolytic conditions showed that the sulfur contents were comparable to typical low sulfur bituminous or lignite coals found in the United States, and most of the volatiles could be vaporized below 750 degrees C. The heavy metal concentrations determined before and after combustion of the PCS indicated that further engineering controls may be required for mercury, arsenic, and lead. Due to the potential for reduction of public health and environmental threats, potential economic savings, and conservation of natural resources (petroleum and land), removal of PCS by dredging and beneficial reuse as a supplemental fuel clearly has merit to be considered as a sustainable remediation option. C1 [Lee, Joo-Youp] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Chem Engn Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Barth, Edwin F.; Clark, Patrick J.; Bujalski, Nicole M.; Yeardley, Roger B., Jr.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Chem Engn Program, 2901 Woodside Dr ERC,ML0012, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM joo.lee@uc.edu NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 11 BP 1277 EP 1284 DI 10.1080/10962247.2012.707164 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 030TZ UT WOS:000310594300005 PM 23210219 ER PT J AU Palfrey, J AF Palfrey, John BE Rubin, E TI Smarter Law School Casebooks SO LEGAL EDUCATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Palfrey, John] Harvard Univ, Law Sch, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Palfrey, John] Harvard Univ, Berkman Ctr Internet & Soc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Palfrey, John] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Palfrey, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Law Sch, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-10701-220-2 PY 2012 BP 106 EP 129 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511997945 PG 24 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BBA98 UT WOS:000306329200006 ER PT J AU Cooter, EJ Bash, JO Benson, V Ran, L AF Cooter, E. J. Bash, J. O. Benson, V. Ran, L. TI Linking agricultural crop management and air quality models for regional to national-scale nitrogen assessments SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; AMMONIA EXCHANGE; TRANSPORT MODEL; LAND-COVER; ATRAZINE; FATE AB While nitrogen (N) is an essential element for life, human population growth and demands for energy, transportation and food can lead to excess nitrogen in the environment. A modeling framework is described and implemented to promote a more integrated, process-based and system-level approach to the estimation of ammonia (NH3) emissions which result from the application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers to agricultural soils in the United States. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model is used to simulate plant demand-driven fertilizer applications to commercial cropland throughout the continental US. This information is coupled with a process-based air quality model to produce continental-scale NH3 emission estimates. Regional cropland NH3 emissions are driven by the timing and amount of inorganic NH3 fertilizer applied, soil processes, local meteorology, and ambient air concentrations. Initial fertilizer application often occurs when crops are planted. A statelevel evaluation of EPIC-simulated, cumulative planted area compares well with similar USDA reported estimates. EPIC-annual, inorganic fertilizer application amounts also agree well with reported spatial patterns produced by others, but domain-wide the EPIC values are biased about 6% low. Preliminary application of the integrated fertilizer application and air quality modeling system produces a modified geospatial pattern of seasonal NH3 emissions that improves current simulations of observed atmospheric particle nitrate concentrations. This modeling framework provides a more dynamic, flexible, and spatially and temporally resolved estimate of NH3 emissions than previous factor-based NH3 inventories, and will facilitate evaluation of alternative nitrogen and air quality policy and adaptation strategies associated with future climate and land use changes. C1 [Cooter, E. J.; Bash, J. O.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Benson, V.] Benson Consulting, Columbia, MO USA. [Ran, L.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Cooter, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM cooter.ellen@epa.gov RI Bash, Jesse/E-9688-2013; OI Bash, Jesse/0000-0001-8736-0102 FU US EPA [EP-D-07-102, GS-35F-4381G] FX The authors wish to thank Jimmy Williams, Senior Research Scientist, with the Texas AgriLife Blackland Research and Extension Center located at Temple, Texas for his continued interest and generous intellectual support of this work. We also wish to thank Joe Slater, Manager Fertilizer/AG Lime Control Services, University of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, Columbia, MO for his invaluable insights regarding fertilizer sales and use, and Ms Melanie Wilson of CSC, Raleigh, NC for graphics assistance. Portions of this research were completed with funding provided under US EPA contracts EP-D-07-102 and GS-35F-4381G, Task Order 1522. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 37 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 10 BP 4023 EP 4035 DI 10.5194/bg-9-4023-2012 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 029CG UT WOS:000310471800022 ER PT S AU Knaak, JB Tan, C Dary, CC AF Knaak, James B. Tan, Cecilia Dary, Curt C. BE Hodgson, E TI Pesticide Regulations: Exposure-Dose Modeling from FIFRA to FQPA SO TOXICOLOGY AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENTS SE Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID IN-VITRO METABOLISM; DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; PEACH HARVEST WORKERS; HUMAN RISK-ASSESSMENT; TO-OUTCOME MODEL; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; PHARMACOKINETIC/PHARMACODYNAMIC MODEL; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; PBPK/PD MODELS; APPLICATION EQUIPMENT AB The federal laws and regulations governing the registration and use of pesticides in the United States under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act are published in the Federal Register, while state laws such as California are published in the California Food and Agricultural Code, Divisions 6, 7, and 13. Up until the passage of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA of 1996), federal and state regulations pertaining to the registration and use of pesticides were in most cases identical except for the fact that food tolerances were enforced but not set at the state level. The California Department of Pesticide Regulation's Worker Health and Safety Program continues to monitor worker exposure to pesticides and report illnesses among workers associated with pesticide exposure. Under FQPA, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has taken a leadership role in the development of probabilistic pesticide exposure models (i.e., DEEM, SHEDS, etc.) using pesticide application, human activity, and exposure databases (i.e., CPPAES, CHAD, CSFII, FCID, NHANES, and NHEXAS). A physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) modeling framework has been established by EPA to assess cumulative risk of dose and injury to infants and children to organophosphorus, carbamate (NMC), and pyrethroid insecticides from aggregate sources and routes. Probabilistic models are being linked to PBPK/PD models to improve risk assessments. C1 [Knaak, James B.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Tan, Cecilia] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dary, Curt C.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Knaak, JB (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NR 115 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1877-1173 BN 978-0-12-415813-9 J9 PROG MOL BIOL TRANSL JI Prog. Molec. Biol. Transl. Sci. PY 2012 VL 112 BP 117 EP 162 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-415813-9.00005-2 PG 46 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA BCI72 UT WOS:000310250200005 PM 22974739 ER PT S AU Brooks, BW Berninger, JP Kristofco, LA Ramirez, AJ Stanley, JK Valenti, TW AF Brooks, Bryan W. Berninger, Jason P. Kristofco, Lauren A. Ramirez, Alejandro J. Stanley, Jacob K. Valenti, Theodore W. BE Hodgson, E TI Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Lessons Learned for Reducing Uncertainties in Environmental Risk Assessment SO TOXICOLOGY AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENTS SE Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS; RATIONAL MOLECULAR DESIGN; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AQUATIC TOXICITY; DRINKING-WATER; UNITED-STATES AB Pharmaceuticals in the environment are often present at trace levels (e.g., ng/L) in surface waters and effluents of developed countries, yet represent contaminants of emerging concern. Attributes of many of these substances, such as potency, chirality, and ionization, present challenges to historical environmental risk assessment and management paradigms. In this chapter, we critically examine several important aspects of pharmaceuticals, specifically highlighting some of the lessons we have learned from studying these substances in the environment over the past 15 years. We submit that incorporating such "lessons learned" during environmental risk assessments promises to reduce uncertainties and support more sustainable management efforts. C1 [Brooks, Bryan W.; Kristofco, Lauren A.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Berninger, Jason P.; Valenti, Theodore W.] US EPA, Duluth, MN USA. [Ramirez, Alejandro J.] Baylor Univ, Mass Spectrometry Core Facil, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Stanley, Jacob K.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Brooks, BW (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RI Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; Brooks, Bryan/B-2612-2010; Berninger, Jason/O-2401-2016 OI Brooks, Bryan/0000-0002-6277-9852; Berninger, Jason/0000-0003-3045-7899 NR 123 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1877-1173 BN 978-0-12-415813-9 J9 PROG MOL BIOL TRANSL JI Prog. Molec. Biol. Transl. Sci. PY 2012 VL 112 BP 231 EP 258 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-415813-9.00008-8 PG 28 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA BCI72 UT WOS:000310250200008 PM 22974742 ER PT S AU Reddy, GS Nadagouda, MN Sekhar, JA AF Reddy, G. S. Nadagouda, M. N. Sekhar, J. A. BE Nadagouda, M Connelly, M Derin, B Li, HP Sekhar, JA TI Nanostructured Surfaces that Show Antimicrobial, Anticorrosive, and Antibiofilm Properties SO INNOVATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE II SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Bacterial Corrosion; Biofilms; Stainless Steel; Biocidal; Copper, Silver; Nanostructure; Molybdenum-disilicide; Bacteriostatic; Bacteriocidal; Top-soil Bacteria; ASTM Scratch Tests; Zone of Inhibition ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; BIOMEDICAL COATINGS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; STAINLESS-STEEL; BACTERIA; BIOFILM; CORROSION; COPPER; HEAT AB Provided in this article are the quantitative and qualitative morphological results describing the action of several nanostructured surfaces for bactericidal and bacteriostatic action. Results are also provided to illustrate microbial corrosion and its impact. Biofilm formation is correlated to colony formation. Nanostructured surfaces, i.e. surfaces with welded nanoparticles are noted to display biocidal activity with varying efficacies. Porous nanostructures, on stainless steel and copper substrates, made of high purity Ag, Ti, Al, Cu, MoSi2, and carbon nanotubes, are tested for their efficacy against bacterial colony formation for both gram-negative, and gram-positive bacteria. Silver and Molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) nanostructures are found to be the most effective bactericidal agents with MoSi2 being particularly effective in both low and high humidity conditions. Bacteriostatic activity is also noted. The nanostructured surfaces are tested by controlled exposures to several microbial species including (Gram+ve) bacteria such as Bacillus Cereus and (Gram-ve) bacteria such as Enterobacter Aerogenes. The resistance to simultaneous exposure from diverse bacterial species including Arthrobacter Globiformis, Bacillus Megaterium, and Cupriavidus Necator is also studied. The nanostructured surfaces were found to eliminates or delay bacterial colony formation, even with short exposure times, and even after simulated surface abrasion. The virgin 316 stainless steel and copper substrates, i.e. without the nanostructure, always displayed rapid bacterial colony evolution indicating the lack of antimicrobial action. The efficacy of the nanostructured surface against colony formation (bacterial recovery) for E-Coli (two strains) and virus Phi 6 Bacteriophage with a host Pseudomonas Syringae was also studied. Preliminary results are presented that also show possible anti-fungal properties by the nanostructured MoSi2. When comparing antimicrobial efficacy of flat polished surfaces (no curvature or nanostructure) with nanostructure containing surfaces (high curvature) of the same chemistry, shows that bacterial action results from both the nanostructure size and chemistry. Single point dynamic surface adherence tests were also performed to gauge the quality of adherence of the nanostructures with stainless steel substrates before and after simulated abrasion. The surface drying rate and the dynamics of the droplet spread rate are proposed as quick methods that correlate well with the nanostructure retention efficacy and residual anti-microbial activity after surface abrasion. Evidence from tests that span a 7-year period is presented to demonstrate the viable efficacy of the nanostructures for preventing biofilm formation. Early stage conclusions are offered for the chemical and topological influence of the nanostructures on bioactivity, including on the long-term, airborne biofilm formation behavior. This is the first article that comprehensively connects airborne biofilm elimination tendencies to bacterial colony elimination tendencies for strongly adherent nanostructured surfaces. The growth, rotation, and clustering of typical airborne biofilms during their early stages of formation on virgin surfaces is presented. The nanostructuring method is presented in this article as a possible method for the elimination of biofilms. C1 [Reddy, G. S.; Sekhar, J. A.] MHI Inc, Thermodynam & Design Inst, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. [Sekhar, J. A.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Nadagouda, M. N.] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sekhar, JA (reprint author), MHI Inc, Thermodynam & Design Inst, 750 Redna Terrace, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. EM j.sekhar12@yahoo.com NR 88 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 13 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2012 VL 521 BP 1 EP 33 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.521.1 PG 33 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCD79 UT WOS:000309891900001 ER PT S AU Lee, WH Choi, WH Guo, XF Heineman, WR Bishop, PL AF Lee, Woo Hyoung Choi, Woo-Hyuck Guo, Xuefei Heineman, William R. Bishop, Paul L. BE Nadagouda, M Connelly, M Derin, B Li, HP Sekhar, JA TI Material Science Chemistry of Electrochemical Microsensors and Applications for Biofilm Research SO INNOVATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE II SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Biofilm; Carbon-fiber; Carbon nanotubes (CNTs); Electrochemical microsensor; Gold; Iridium; Material science chemistry; Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microelectrode array sensor; Platinum; Three-dimensional microprofile ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; IRIDIUM OXIDE-FILMS; INTRACORTICAL ELECTRODE ARRAY; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MICROELECTRODE ARRAY; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; SELECTIVE MICROELECTRODES; CHLORINE PENETRATION; NITRIFYING BIOFILMS; CHARGE INJECTION AB Microelectrodes, needle-shaped biochemical microsensors fabricated from pulled glass micropipettes, are one of the most prominent, novel methods for studying biofilms. The pulled glass tip can have a diameter of 3-20 mu m, allowing for the measurement of the concentrations of specific biological and chemical compounds in microbial communities. Net specific consumption and production rates (i.e., biological activity) at a certain depth can be estimated from the measured concentration profiles. This article is focused on solid-state, needle-type, electrochemical microsensors for detecting important water quality parameters (e.g., oxygen, pH, nitrite, chlorine species, redox, and phosphate). Sensing materials include gold (including a gold-electroplated sensing surface), platinum, carbon-fiber, carbon nanotube, iridium, and cobalt. Emphasis is placed on the material science chemistry behind how electrochemical microelectrode sensors operate. Innovative applications of microsensors, including microelectromechanical systems, (MEMS) microelectrode array sensor microfabrication, and three-dimensional microprofile measurement and interpretation will also be demonstrated. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a relatively new member in the carbon family and are being used in biofilm research. Distinctive properties of CNTs and the relationship between structure and their electrochemistry performance are discussed. The electrochemical application of CNTs is focused on nitrite detection. C1 [Lee, Woo Hyoung] US EPA, ORISE, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Choi, Woo-Hyuck] Univ Illinois, Sch Chem Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Guo, Xuefei; Heineman, William R.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Bishop, Paul L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Lee, WH (reprint author), US EPA, ORISE, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lee.woohyoung@epa.gov; woo.h.choi@gmail.com; guoxe@mail.uc.edu; william.heineman@uc.edu; bishop@egr.uri.edu NR 133 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2012 VL 521 BP 113 EP 139 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.521.113 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCD79 UT WOS:000309891900008 ER PT S AU Rahy, A Yang, KS Bunker, C Nadagouda, MN Yang, DJ AF Rahy, Abdelaziz Yang, Kap Seung Bunker, Christopher Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Yang, Duck J. BE Nadagouda, M Connelly, M Derin, B Li, HP Sekhar, JA TI Immobilization of Iron Nanoparticles on Multi Substrates and Its Reduction Removal of Chromium (VI) from Waste Streams SO INNOVATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE II SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE In-situ synthesis; iron nanoparticles; Substrates; Cr (VI) reduction ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; REMEDIATION; DEGRADATION; GROWTH; METAL AB This article describes the in-situ synthesis and immobilization of iron nanoparticles on several substrates at room temperature using NaBH4 as a reducing agent and ascorbic acid as capping agent. The method is very effective in protecting iron nanoparticles from air oxidation for more than 30 days. Substrates used to immobilize iron nanoparticles are spherical polymer resins (size of 100-200 mesh) and novel carbon substrates prepared from high temperature carbonization of e-spun nylon and poly-acrylonitrile fabrics. Iron nanoparticles (40-100nm) immobilized sample showed higher activity for the reductive removal of hazardous hexavalent Cr (VI) compared to free floating iron nanoparticles at ambient temperature. Iron immobilized substrates has a great potential to be used not only for the removal of Cr (VI) in waste stream but also for oxygen scavenger for food packaging. C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Rahy, Abdelaziz; Yang, Duck J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Rahy, Abdelaziz; Yang, Duck J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Res Inst, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Yang, Kap Seung] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. [Bunker, Christopher] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Nadagouda, MN (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, 26 W MLK Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Nadagouda.mallikarjuna@epa.gov; djyang@utdallas.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2012 VL 521 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.521.153 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCD79 UT WOS:000309891900010 ER PT S AU Rahy, A Hong, SJ Yang, KS Bunker, C Nadagouda, MN Yang, DJ AF Rahy, Abdelaziz Hong, S. J. Yang, Kap Seung Bunker, Christopher Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Yang, Duck J. BE Nadagouda, M Connelly, M Derin, B Li, HP Sekhar, JA TI Influence of Poly (Ethylene Glycol) and Oleylamine on the Formation of Nano to Micron Size Spherical SiO2 Particles SO INNOVATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE II SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE spherical Sio2; oleylamine; polyethylene glycol; synthesis; eco-friendly; nano-size; micron-size ID SILICA NANOPARTICLES; MONODISPERSE; MICROEMULSION; NANOCRYSTALS; GROWTH; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NANOSTRUCTURES; KINETICS; SPHERES AB We report an eco-friendly synthesis of well-controlled, nano-to-micron-size, spherical SiO2 particles using non-hazardous solvent and a byproducts-producing system. It was found that the morphology and size of spherical SiO2 particles are controlled by adjusting the concentration of PEG and oleylamine, ethanol solvent selection, and reaction temperature. The SEM images show spherical-shaped silica particles with homogeneous particle-size distribution. Structural and optical properties of the silica particles were investigated by FT-IR absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The resultant SiO2 particles from the synthesis system were easily dispersed in both water and organic solvent. C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, Cincinnati, OH 45433 USA. [Rahy, Abdelaziz; Yang, Duck J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Rahy, Abdelaziz; Yang, Duck J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Res Inst, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Hong, S. J.] Korea Elect Technol Inst, Songnam 463816, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Yang, Kap Seung] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. [Bunker, Christopher] USAF, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Nadagouda, MN (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45433 USA. EM Nadagouda.mallikarjuna@epa.gov; djyang@utdallas.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2012 VL 521 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.521.163 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCD79 UT WOS:000309891900011 ER PT J AU Foster, MS McDiarmid, RW Chernoff, N AF Foster, Mercedes S. McDiarmid, Roy W. Chernoff, Neil BE McDiarmid, RW Foster, MS Guyer, C Gibbons, JW Chernoff, N TI Studying Reptile Diversity SO REPTILE BIODIVERSITY: STANDARD METHODS FOR INVENTORY AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Foster, Mercedes S.; McDiarmid, Roy W.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Chernoff, Neil] US EPA, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Foster, MS (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM fosterm@si.edu; mcdiarmr@si.edu; chernoff.neil@epa.gov; mcdiarmr@si.edu; fosterm@si.edu; chernoff.neil@epa.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95207-2 PY 2012 BP 3 EP 5 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCG10 UT WOS:000310139400003 ER PT J AU Kaplan, K Stevens, A AF Kaplan, Katharine Stevens, Amanda GP IEEE TI New Opportunities from ENERGY STAR "Connected" Appliances SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS (ICCE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE) CY JAN 13-16, 2012 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has long encouraged implementation of "intelligent" energy-saving features for ENERGY STAR products. As an extension to this, EPA is now working with manufacturers to recognize new opportunities from "connected" smart grid enabled home appliances. C1 [Kaplan, Katharine; Stevens, Amanda] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Kaplan, K (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0231-0 PY 2012 BP 81 EP 82 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ06 UT WOS:000309074000038 ER PT J AU Kleindienst, TE Jaoui, M Lewandowski, M Offenberg, JH Docherty, KS AF Kleindienst, T. E. Jaoui, M. Lewandowski, M. Offenberg, J. H. Docherty, K. S. TI The formation of SOA and chemical tracer compounds from the photooxidation of naphthalene and its methyl analogs in the presence and absence of nitrogen oxides SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; RADICAL-INITIATED REACTIONS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; GAS-PHASE OH; PARTICULATE MATTER; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; AMBIENT PM2.5; UNITED-STATES; PRODUCTS AB Laboratory smog chamber experiments have been carried out to investigate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photooxidation of naphthalene and its methyl analogs, 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene (1-MN and 2-MN, respectively). Laboratory smog chamber irradiations were conducted in a flow mode to ensure adequate collection of the aerosol at reasonably low reactant concentrations and in the presence and absence of nitrogen oxides. Phthalic acid and methyl analogs were identified following BSTFA derivatization of the aerosol extract. These compounds were examined to determine whether they could serve as reasonable molecular tracers to estimate the contributions of these precursors to ambient PM2.5. Measurements were also made to determine aerosol parameters from secondary organic aerosol from naphthalene, 1-MN, and 2-MN. A mass fraction approach was used to establish factors which could be applied to phthalic acid concentrations in ambient aerosols, assuming a negligible contribution from primary sources. Phthalic anhydride uptake (and hydrolysis) was tested and found to represent a moderate filter artifact in filter measurements with and without in-line denuders. This study provided the opportunity to examine differences using authentic standards for phthalic acid compared to surrogate standards. While the mass fraction based on a surrogate compounds was somewhat lower, the differences are largely unimportant. For naphthalene, mass fractions of 0.0199 (recommended for ambient samples) and 0.0206 were determined in the presence and absence of nitrogen oxides, respectively, based on phthalic acid standards. The mass fractions determined from the laboratory data were applied to ambient samples where phthalic acid was found and expressed "as naphthalene" since phthalic acid was found to be produced in the particle phase from other methylnaphthalenes. The mass fraction values were applied to samples taken during the 2005 SOAR Study in Riverside, CA and 2010 CalNex Study in Pasadena. In both studies an undetermined isomer of methylphthalic acid was detected in addition to phthalic acid. Laboratory experiment retention times and mass spectra suggest that the major precursor for this compound is 2-MN. For the CalNex Study, SOC values for the 2-ring precursor PAHs (as naphthalene) were found to range from below the detection limit to 20 ngC m(-3) which with the laboratory mass fraction data suggests an upper limit of approximately 1 mu g m(-3) for SOA due to 2-ring PAHs. Temporal data over the course of the one-month CalNex study suggest that primary sources of phthalic acid were probably negligible during this study period. However, the values must still be considered upper limits given a potential hydrolysis reaction or uptake of phthalic anhydride (subsequently hydrolyzed) onto the collection media. C1 [Kleindienst, T. E.; Lewandowski, M.; Offenberg, J. H.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jaoui, M.; Docherty, K. S.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kleindienst, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kleindienst.tad@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-10-070] FX The authors wish to thank J. J. Schauer of the University of Wisconsin - Madison for providing the filter samples used from the SOAR Study. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under Contract EP-D-10-070 to Alion Science and Technology. The manuscript is subjected to external peer review and has been cleared for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 46 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 61 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 18 BP 8711 EP 8726 DI 10.5194/acp-12-8711-2012 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 015CZ UT WOS:000309424300026 ER PT J AU Shao, K Small, MJ AF Shao, Kan Small, Mitchell J. TI Statistical Evaluation of Toxicological Experimental Design for Bayesian Model Averaged Benchmark Dose Estimation with Dichotomous Data SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian model averaged Benchmark dose (BMA BMD); dose-response modeling; experimental design; pre-posterior analysis; TCDD ID DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; END-POINTS; RISK; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; CARCINOGENICITY; EXTRAPOLATION; RATS AB A method is presented to statistically evaluate toxicity study design for dose-response assessment aimed at minimizing the uncertainty in resulting Benchmark dose (BMD) estimates. Although the BMD method has been accepted as a valuable tool for risk assessment, the traditional no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL)/lowest observed adverse effective level (LOAEL) approach is still the principal basis for toxicological study design. To develop similar protocols for experimental design for BMD estimation, methods are needed that account for variability in experimental outcomes, and uncertainty in dose-response model selection and model parameter estimates. Based on Bayesian model averaging (BMA) BMD estimation, this study focuses on identifying the study design criteria that can reduce the uncertainty in BMA BMD estimates by using a Monte Carlo pre-posterior analysis on BMA BMD predictions. The results suggest that (1) as more animals are tested there is less uncertainty in BMD estimates; (2) one relatively high dose is needed and other doses can then be appropriately spread over the resulting dose scale; (3) placing different numbers of animals in different dose groups has very limited influence on improving BMD estimation; and (4) when the total number of animals is fixed, using more (but smaller) dose groups is a preferred strategy. C1 [Shao, Kan] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Small, Mitchell J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Shao, K (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, NCEA B243-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shao.kan@epa.gov RI Shao, Kan/L-5659-2013; Shao, Kan/B-8242-2015 OI Shao, Kan/0000-0002-5512-2377; Shao, Kan/0000-0002-5512-2377 FU Heinz Endowments; Engineer Research and Development Center at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX This work was partially supported by the Heinz Endowments and the Engineer Research and Development Center at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2012 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1096 EP 1119 DI 10.1080/10807039.2012.707938 PG 24 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 012ZG UT WOS:000309274700010 ER PT J AU Zaroogian, GE Gutjahr-Gobell, RE Horowitz, DB Jayaraman, S Cantwell, M Chichester, CO Mills, LJ AF Zaroogian, Gerald E. Gutjahr-Gobell, Ruth E. Horowitz, Doranne Borsay Jayaraman, Saro Cantwell, Mark Chichester, Clinton O. Mills, Lesley J. TI An Injectable, Slow-Release Implantation Method for Exposing Fish to Chemicals over a Period of Weeks SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS; SUSTAINED HORMONE-RELEASE; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; SUMMER FLOUNDER; ANALOG LHRHA AB A slow-release, injectable implant method was developed for administering test chemicals to cunners Tautogolabrus adspersus. The implant is composed of a matrix of a test chemical homogenized in a mixture of Ethocel (Dow Chemical) and coconut oil. The effectiveness of a subcutaneous implant of this matrix in vivo was determined by tracing plasma concentrations of three separate chemicals (estradiol, ethynylestradiol, and atrazine) over time in treated male cunners. Release from the implant was determined based on the percentage of the implanted concentration of test chemical (plus metabolites) that was detected in fish plasma over a 1-2-week period after implantation. Circulating estrogen concentrations measured in plasma from two different cunners that received the estradiol implant were almost identical, indicating that there is a reasonably even distribution of test chemical within the Ethocel-coconut oil preparation and that individual variability may be minimal for release of test chemical from the implant. Metabolites of estradiol and atrazine were a major portion of the circulating concentration of these chemicals. Estradiol and atrazine demonstrated metabolic and clearance profiles that were very different from those of the xenoestrogen ethynylestradiol. A follow-up in vitro study was conducted to further characterize the release of estradiol from the implant matrix. Results showed a rapid release of estradiol from the matrix bolus during the first 24 h, followed by a more gradual release over subsequent days. The in vitro tests indicated that measuring in vivo plasma concentrations may not accurately reflect the release rate of a chemical from the implant matrix, in part because metabolism and clearance affect the circulating concentrations in vivo. C1 [Zaroogian, Gerald E.; Gutjahr-Gobell, Ruth E.; Horowitz, Doranne Borsay; Jayaraman, Saro; Cantwell, Mark; Mills, Lesley J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Chichester, Clinton O.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biomed & Pharmaceut Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Mills, LJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM mills.lesley@epa.gov NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 4 BP 512 EP 521 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.697097 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 014OR UT WOS:000309385900012 ER PT J AU Chung, S Suidan, MT Venosa, AD AF Chung, Seungjoon Suidan, Makram T. Venosa, Albert D. TI Effect of environmental factors on the effectiveness of ammoniated bagasse in wicking oil from contaminated wetlands SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE crude oil; wetlands; sorbent; remediation; sediment ID FIBERS; SPILLS; MARSH AB Ammoniated bagasse is a plant-derived organic sorbent that can be used for capturing oil and for supplying slow-release nutrients to oil-degrading microorganisms. We investigated the oil-wicking behavior of this sorbent under various conditions for its effectiveness in remediating oil-contaminated wetlands. Abiotic microcosms simulating a wetland environment were used to assess the influence of sand particle sizes (20x30 and 60x80 U.S. mesh), degrees of oil saturation (25% and 75%), water table levels (on top of the clean sand layer, oiled-sand layer, and sorbent layer), and the presence of sorbent. Results indicated that oil wicking favors higher oil contamination, larger sand particle size, and low water coverage. Water coverage was the predominant factor limiting the effectiveness of sorbent. The most plausible explanation for this limitation was that sorbent captured more water than oil at higher water coverage. C1 [Chung, Seungjoon] Samsung Engn Co Ltd, Technol Dev Ctr, Suwon 443823, Gyeonggi, South Korea. [Suidan, Makram T.] Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Engn & Architecture, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon. [Venosa, Albert D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Chung, S (reprint author), Samsung Engn Co Ltd, Technol Dev Ctr, Suwon 443823, Gyeonggi, South Korea. EM phd.chung@samsung.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-C-05-056, WA 1-17] FX We gratefully acknowledge that the funding was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under EP-C-05-056, WA 1-17. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-0742 EI 1878-7320 J9 J ENVIRON SCI-CHINA JI J. Environ. Sci. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1371 EP 1377 DI 10.1016/S1001-0742(11)60955-8 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 001GG UT WOS:000308448000003 PM 23513677 ER PT S AU Ziegler, AD Sidle, RC Song, MS Ang, ZJ Duangnamon, D AF Ziegler, Alan D. Sidle, Roy C. Song, Mandy S. Ang, Zuo Jin Duangnamon, Decha BE Terry, JP Goff, J TI Towards better design and management of tsunami evacuation routes: a case study of Ao Jak Beach Road SO NATURAL HAZARDS IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION: RECENT ADVANCES AND EMERGING CONCEPTS SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INDIAN-OCEAN TSUNAMI; THAILAND; VULNERABILITY; GENERATION; DISASTER; TOURISM; IMPACTS; EROSION; RUNOFF AB Among the thousands of people killed or reported missing in Thailand during the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami were villagers in small communities on the Andaman Coast. A combination of factors contributed to loss of life, including the lack of defined evacuation routes. This vulnerability to tsunami attacks has recently been addressed with the demarcation of evacuation routes, along both well-maintained arteries and native surface (unpaved) roads. However, poor location design and irregular maintenance will reduce the lifetime that the latter can provide safe egress from remote coastlines. In this work we identified 10 major gullies and 18 landslides along a critical 0.5 km section of a tsunami evacuation road accessing a remote beach of the Andaman Coast in southern Thailand. Erosion rates from landslides and gullies approached 9500 Mg ha(-1) in less than a year following widening of the road. Importantly, the degradation features, landslides in particular, reduced the effectiveness of the road to serve as a safe passageway to escape future tsunamis or large storm surges. This study demonstrates that greater attention should be given to appropriate road location, design and maintenance in integrated programmes aimed at reducing tsunami vulnerability in remote coastal areas, not only on the Andaman Coast, but worldwide. C1 [Ziegler, Alan D.; Song, Mandy S.; Ang, Zuo Jin] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog, Kent Ridge 117570, Singapore. [Sidle, Roy C.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Duangnamon, Decha] Andaman Coastal Res Stn Dev, Ranong, Thailand. RP Ziegler, AD (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog, 1 Arts Link, Kent Ridge 117570, Singapore. EM adz@nus.edu.sg NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-339-4 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2012 VL 361 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1144/SP361.9 D2 10.1144/SP361.0 PG 8 WC Geology SC Geology GA BBX41 UT WOS:000308560400009 ER PT J AU Saha, A Baig, RBN Leazer, J Varma, RS AF Saha, Amit Baig, R. B. Nasir Leazer, John Varma, Rajender S. TI A modular synthesis of dithiocarbamate pendant unnatural alpha-amino acids SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; PYRROLIDINE DITHIOCARBAMATE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS; FACILE SYNTHESIS; S-ARYL; DERIVATIVES; PEPTIDES; CHEMISTRY; BETA AB Unnatural alpha-amino acids containing dithiocarbamate side chains were synthesized by a one-pot reaction of in situ generated dithiocarbamate anions with sulfamidates. A wide range of these anions participated in the highly regio- and stereo-selective ring opening of sulfamidates to produce the corresponding dithiocarbamate pendant alpha-amino acids in high yields. C1 [Saha, Amit; Baig, R. B. Nasir; Leazer, John; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Leazer, J (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Leazer.John@epa.gov; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 71 BP 8889 EP 8891 DI 10.1039/c2cc32894a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 985WJ UT WOS:000307300900005 PM 22814637 ER PT S AU Rashleigh, B Lagutov, V Salathe, T AF Rashleigh, Brenda Lagutov, Viktor Salathe, Tobias BE Lagutov, V TI Ecosystem Services of Rivers: The Don River (Russian Federation) and the Roanoke River (USA) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY IN WATERSHEDS: THE SEA OF AZOV SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Watershed Approach to Environmental Security: Fostering Interdisciplinary Cross-Sectoral Integrated Water Management in the Azov Sea Basin CY SEP 06-12, 2010 CL Rostov on Don, RUSSIA SP NATO Adv Study Inst, NATO Sci Peace Programme, Black Sea Trust Fdn, Central European Univ, Alan Watt DE Ecosystem services; Rivers; Fisheries; Trade-offs; Don River; Roanoke River ID NORTH-CAROLINA; AMERICAN SHAD; MANAGEMENT; BIODIVERSITY; BASIN; TRADEOFFS; VALUATION; MIGRATION; FISHERIES; VIRGINIA AB The concept of ecosystem services recognizes the services, and benefits, provided to people by ecosystems. River systems provide many services to people, including freshwater provisioning, carbon storage, fisheries, recreation, transportation, and biodiversity. Here, we review the services provided by rivers and describe a conceptual model relating services to drivers, pressures, ecosystem state, and management responses. This approach allowed us to highlight how policies and decisions can lead to trade-offs among services, which must be considered for sustainable watershed management. We have used this conceptual framework to compare two rivers, the Don River in the Russian Federation and the Roanoke River in Virginia/North Carolina, USA, to demonstrate the usefulness of the ecosystem services approach. Future science needs for ecosystem services in rivers are to identify service indicators and map services, link drivers/pressures to services with models, and relate natural systems to social and economic systems. C1 [Lagutov, Viktor] Cent European Univ, Budapest, Hungary. [Salathe, Tobias] Ramsar Convent Secretariat, Gland, Switzerland. RP Rashleigh, B (reprint author), US EPA, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA USA. EM rashleigh.brenda@epa.gov NR 60 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-94-007-2459-4 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2012 BP 63 EP + DI 10.1007/978-94-007-2460-0_2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BBK46 UT WOS:000307196700002 ER PT J AU Avise, J Abraham, RG Chung, SH Chen, J Lamb, B Salathe, EP Zhang, YX Nolte, CG Loughlin, DH Guenther, A Wiedinmyer, C Duhl, T AF Avise, Jeremy Abraham, Rodrigo Gonzalez Chung, Serena H. Chen, Jack Lamb, Brian Salathe, Eric P. Zhang, Yongxin Nolte, Christopher G. Loughlin, Daniel H. Guenther, Alex Wiedinmyer, Christine Duhl, Tiffany TI Evaluating the effects of climate change on summertime ozone using a relative response factor approach for policymakers SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; REGIONAL AIR-POLLUTION; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; SURFACE OZONE; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; QUALITY; FEEDBACKS; US; SIMULATIONS AB The impact of climate change on surface-level ozone is examined through a multiscale modeling effort that linked global and regional climate models to drive air quality model simulations. Results are quantified in terms of the relative response factor (RRFE), which estimates the relative change in peak ozone concentration for a given change in pollutant emissions (the subscript E is added to RRF to remind the reader that the RRF is due to emission changes only). A matrix of model simulations was conducted to examine the individual and combined effects of future anthropogenic emissions, biogenic emissions, and climate on the RRFE. For each member in the matrix of simulations the warmest and coolest summers were modeled for the present-day (1995-2004) and future (2045-2054) decades. A climate adjustment factor (CAF(C) or CAF(CB) when biogenic emissions are allowed to change with the future climate) was defined as the ratio of the average daily maximum 8-hr ozone simulated under a future climate to that simulated under the present-day climate, and a climate-adjusted RRFEC was calculated (RRFEC = RRFE x CAF(C)). In general, RRFEC > RRFE, which suggests additional emission controls will be required to achieve the same reduction in ozone that would have been achieved in the absence of climate change. Changes in biogenic emissions generally have a smaller impact on the RRFE than does future climate change itself. The direction of the biogenic effect appears closely linked to organic-nitrate chemistry and whether ozone formation is limited by volatile organic compounds (VOC) or oxides of nitrogen (NOX = NO+NO2). Regions that are generally NOX limited show a decrease in ozone and RRFEC, while VOC-limited regions show an increase in ozone and RRFEC. Comparing results to a previous study using different climate assumptions and models showed large variability in the CAF(CB). C1 [Chung, Serena H.; Lamb, Brian] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Salathe, Eric P.; Zhang, Yongxin] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nolte, Christopher G.; Loughlin, Daniel H.] US EPA, Durham, NC USA. [Guenther, Alex; Wiedinmyer, Christine; Duhl, Tiffany] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Biosphere Atmosphere Interact Grp, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Lamb, B (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, POB 642910, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM blamb@wsu.edu RI Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; OI Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965; Chen, Jack/0000-0002-3764-1149 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [RD 83336901-0, 838309621-0] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science To Achieve Results Grants RD 83336901-0 and 838309621-0. This paper has been subject to the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development administrative review processes and has been cleared for publication. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the agency. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 9 DI 10.1080/10962247.2012.696531 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 996YS UT WOS:000308131500009 PM 23019820 ER PT J AU Browning, L Hartley, S Bandemehr, A Gathright, K Miller, W AF Browning, Louis Hartley, Seth Bandemehr, Angela Gathright, Kenneth Miller, Wayne TI Demonstration of fuel switching on oceangoing vessels in the Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS AB Switching fuels from high-sulfur heavy fuel oils (HFO) to lower sulfur marine gas oils (MGO) on an oceangoing vessel (OGV) can substantially reduce both PM and SOx ship stack emissions, potentially resulting in significant human health and environmental benefits in Gulf of Mexico port communities. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) established an emission control area (ECA) within 200 nautical miles of the U. S. and Canadian coastlines and French territories off the coast of Canada with lower fuel sulfur standards effective beginning August 2012, where OGVs will need to switch from HFO to MGO. However, some operators and other stakeholders, particularly in the Gulf of Mexico, may be unfamiliar with the benefits and requirements and ship operators may be concerned over potential implications for cost and operations. This first-ever U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-sponsored fuel switching demonstration in the Gulf of Mexico was initiated to showcase the environmental and health benefits of, as well as operational issues associated with, fuel switching through the following activities: (1) Fuel switching was conducted on typical container ships operating the Gulf of Mexico, as routine fuel switching has been demonstrated in California in recent years. Two vessels were employed in the demonstration: the Maersk Roubaix, which switched fuels entering Port of Houston, TX, and the Port of Progreso, Mexico, and the Hamburg Sud vessel Cap San Lorenzo, which switched fuels entering the Port of Houston and the Mexican Ports of Veracruz and Altamira. Operational and cost aspects were also noted. (2) Emissions reductions were quantified through both a calculation approach based on fuel use of the Maersk Line vessel Roubaix and in-stack monitoring of emissions from the Hamburg Sud Cap San Lorenzo. Pollutant emissions including PM, SOx, NOx, and PM component speciation were sampled during use of both fuels. These observations showed reductions (1-6%) in NOx and substantial reductions in PM (50-70%) and SOx (>99%) depending on engine and load. (3) Emission inventories at three ports were calculated. (4) Potential health and environmental benefits to communities and ecosystems in the Gulf of Mexico were estimated through screening-level modeling of air dispersion and atmospheric deposition of ship emissions at the Port of Veracruz to indicate the substantial reductions available through fuel switching. C1 [Browning, Louis; Hartley, Seth] ICF Int, San Francisco, CA USA. [Bandemehr, Angela] US EPA, Off Int & Tribal Affairs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Gathright, Kenneth] Port Houston Author, Houston, TX USA. [Miller, Wayne] Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Browning, L (reprint author), ICF Int, POB 1678, Aptos, CA 95001 USA. EM Louis.Browning@icfi.com NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 9 DI 10.1080/10962247.2012.697974 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 996YS UT WOS:000308131500012 PM 23019823 ER PT J AU Fu, JS Dong, XY Gao, Y Wong, DC Lam, YF AF Fu, Joshua S. Dong, Xinyi Gao, Yang Wong, David C. Lam, Yun Fat TI Sensitivity and linearity analysis of ozone in East Asia: The effects of domestic emission and intercontinental transport SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL AIR-QUALITY; PEARL RIVER DELTA; UNITED-STATES; GRID RESOLUTION; MESOSCALE MODEL; SURFACE OZONE; CHINA; NOX; POLLUTION; SCHEMES AB In this study, ozone (O-3) sensitivity and linearity over East Asia (EA) and seven urban areas are examined with an integrated air quality modeling system under two categories of scenarios: (1) The effects of domestic emission are estimated under local emission reduction scenarios, as anthropogenic NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions are reduced by 20%, 50%, and 100%, respectively and independently; and (2) the influence of intercontinental transport is evaluated under Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF HTAP) emission reduction scenarios, as anthropogenic NOx emission is reduced by 20% in Europe (EU), North America (NA), and South Asia (SA), respectively. Simulations are conducted for January and July 2001 to examine seasonal variation. Through the domestic O-3 sensitivity investigation, we find O-3 sensitivity varies dynamically depending on both time and location: North EA is VOC limited in January and NOx limited in July, except for the urban areas Beijing, Shanghai, Tokyo, and Seoul, which are VOC limited in both months; south EA is NOx limited in both January and July, except for the urban areas Taipei, which is VOC-limited in both months, and Pearl River Delta, which is VOC limited in January. Surface O(3)change is found to be affected more by NOx than by VOC over EA in both January and July. We also find different O-3 linearity characteristics among urban areas in EA: O-3 at Beijing, Tokyo, and Seoul shows a strong negative linear response to NOx emission in January; O-3 at Shanghai, Pearl River Delta, and Taipei shows a strong positive response to VOC emission in both January and July. Through the long-range transport investigation, monthly O-3 changes over EA resulting from different source regions indicate the largest source contribution comes from NA (0.23 ppb), followed by SA (0.11 ppb) and EU (0.10 ppb). All of the three regions show higher impacts in January than in July. C1 [Fu, Joshua S.; Dong, Xinyi; Gao, Yang] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wong, David C.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lam, Yun Fat] City Univ Hong Kong, Sch Energy & Environm, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Fu, Joshua S.; Dong, Xinyi; Gao, Yang] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Fu, JS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 223 Perkins Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jsfu@utk.edu RI LAM, Yun Fat/K-7287-2015 OI LAM, Yun Fat/0000-0002-5917-0907 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R833370]; GCAP project; NSF FX This work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under STAR agreement R833370 and the GCAP project. It has not been formally reviewed by the U.S. EPA. The views presented in this document are solely those of the authors and the U.S. EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. We thank the NSF-funded National Institute of Computational Sciences for the use of the Kraken supercomputer on this study. We thank Drs. Daniel Jacob at Harvard University and Rokjin Park currently at Seoul National University for providing the GEOS-Chem outputs. We also thank the Taiwan EPA for providing Taipei observational data. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 38 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 9 DI 10.1080/10962247.2012.699014 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 996YS UT WOS:000308131500013 PM 23019824 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Jaegle, L van Donkelaar, A Martin, RV Holmes, CD Amos, HM Wang, Q Talbot, R Artz, R Brooks, S Luke, W Holsen, TM Felton, D Miller, EK Perry, KD Schmeltz, D Steffen, A Tordon, R Weiss-Penzias, P Zsolway, R AF Zhang, Y. Jaegle, L. van Donkelaar, A. Martin, R. V. Holmes, C. D. Amos, H. M. Wang, Q. Talbot, R. Artz, R. Brooks, S. Luke, W. Holsen, T. M. Felton, D. Miller, E. K. Perry, K. D. Schmeltz, D. Steffen, A. Tordon, R. Weiss-Penzias, P. Zsolway, R. TI Nested-grid simulation of mercury over North America SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEASUREMENT NETWORK CAMNET; TOTAL GASEOUS MERCURY; POWER-PLANT PLUMES; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; WET DEPOSITION; DRY DEPOSITION; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; UNITED-STATES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; OXIDIZED MERCURY AB We have developed a new nested-grid mercury (Hg) simulation over North America with a 1/2A degrees latitude by 2/3A degrees longitude horizontal resolution employing the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model. Emissions, chemistry, deposition, and meteorology are self-consistent between the global and nested domains. Compared to the global model (4A degrees latitude by 5A degrees longitude), the nested model shows improved skill at capturing the high spatial and temporal variability of Hg wet deposition over North America observed by the Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) in 2008-2009. The nested simulation resolves features such as higher deposition due to orographic precipitation, land/ocean contrast and and predicts more efficient convective rain scavenging of Hg over the southeast United States. However, the nested model overestimates Hg wet deposition over the Ohio River Valley region (ORV) by 27%. We modify anthropogenic emission speciation profiles in the US EPA National Emission Inventory (NEI) to account for the rapid in-plume reduction of reactive to elemental Hg (IPR simulation). This leads to a decrease in the model bias to -2.3% over the ORV region. Over the contiguous US, the correlation coefficient (r) between MDN observations and our IPR simulation increases from 0.60 to 0.78. The IPR nested simulation generally reproduces the seasonal cycle in surface concentrations of speciated Hg from the Atmospheric Mercury Network (AMNet) and Canadian Atmospheric Mercury Network (CAMNet). In the IPR simulation, annual mean gaseous and particulate-bound Hg(II) are within 140% and 11% of observations, respectively. In contrast, the simulation with unmodified anthropogenic Hg speciation profiles overestimates these observations by factors of 4 and 2 for gaseous and particulate-bound Hg(II), respectively. The nested model shows improved skill at capturing the horizontal variability of Hg observed over California during the ARCTAS aircraft campaign. The nested model suggests that North American anthropogenic emissions account for 10-22% of Hg wet deposition flux over the US, depending on the anthropogenic emissions speciation profile assumed. The modeled percent contribution can be as high as 60% near large point sources in ORV. Our results indicate that the North American anthropogenic contribution to dry deposition is 13-20%. C1 [Zhang, Y.; Jaegle, L.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [van Donkelaar, A.; Martin, R. V.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Martin, R. V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Holmes, C. D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Amos, H. M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wang, Q.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Talbot, R.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Artz, R.; Brooks, S.; Luke, W.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Holsen, T. M.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY USA. [Felton, D.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Air Resources, Albany, NY USA. [Miller, E. K.] Ecosyst Res Grp, Norwich, VT USA. [Perry, K. D.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Schmeltz, D.] US EPA, Off Atmospher Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Steffen, A.; Tordon, R.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Weiss-Penzias, P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Zsolway, R.] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Bur Air Qual Monitoring, Div Environm Regulat, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM yanxuz@atmos.washington.edu RI Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Holmes, Christopher/C-9956-2014; Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016; Zhang, Yanxu/E-8583-2013; Zhang, Yanxu/H-6165-2016; Wang, Qiaoqiao/M-3884-2016 OI Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Holmes, Christopher/0000-0002-2727-0954; Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697; Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241; FU EPRI [EP-35343/C16024] FX This work was supported by funding from EPRI under contract EP-35343/C16024. We thank EPRI program manager Leonard Levin for his support during this study. We would like to acknowledge and thank all the site operators for the CAMNet, AMNet, and MDN networks. NR 84 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 39 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 14 BP 6095 EP 6111 DI 10.5194/acp-12-6095-2012 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 979HO UT WOS:000306808300003 ER PT J AU Sarwar, G Simon, H Bhave, P Yarwood, G AF Sarwar, G. Simon, H. Bhave, P. Yarwood, G. TI Examining the impact of heterogeneous nitryl chloride production on air quality across the United States SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; URBAN OZONE FORMATION; SEA-SALT PARTICLES; GAS-PHASE REACTION; CHEMISTRY; MECHANISM; N2O5; EMISSIONS; KINETICS; PARAMETERIZATION AB The heterogeneous hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) has typically been modeled as only producing nitric acid. However, recent field studies have confirmed that the presence of particulate chloride alters the reaction product to produce nitryl chloride (ClNO2) which undergoes photolysis to generate chlorine atoms and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Both chlorine and NO2 affect atmospheric chemistry and air quality. We present an updated gas-phase chlorine mechanism that can be combined with the Carbon Bond 05 mechanism and incorporate the combined mechanism into the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. We then update the current model treatment of heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 to include ClNO2 as a product. The model, in combination with a comprehensive inventory of chlorine compounds, reactive nitrogen, particulate matter, and organic compounds, is used to evaluate the impact of the heterogeneous ClNO2 production on air quality across the United States for the months of February and September in 2006. The heterogeneous production increases ClNO2 in coastal as well as many in-land areas in the United States. Particulate chloride derived from sea-salts, anthropogenic sources, and forest fires activates the heterogeneous production of ClNO2. With current estimates of tropospheric emissions, it modestly enhances monthly mean 8-h ozone (up to 1-2 ppbv or 3-4%) but causes large increases (up to 13 ppbv) in isolated episodes. This chemistry also substantially reduces the mean total nitrate by up to 0.8-2.0 mu g m(-3) or 11-21%. Modeled ClNO2 accounts for up to 6% of the monthly mean total reactive nitrogen. Sensitivity results of the model suggest that heterogeneous production of ClNO2 can further increase O-3 and reduce TNO3 if elevated particulate-chloride levels are present in the atmosphere. C1 [Sarwar, G.; Bhave, P.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Simon, H.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yarwood, G.] ENVIRON Int Corp, Novato, CA USA. RP Sarwar, G (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sarwar.golam@epamail.epa.gov RI simon, heather/E-4392-2011 OI simon, heather/0000-0001-7254-3360 NR 44 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 40 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 14 BP 6455 EP 6473 DI 10.5194/acp-12-6455-2012 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 979HO UT WOS:000306808300025 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Liu, Z Hecobian, A Zheng, M Frank, NH Edgerton, S Weber, RJ AF Zhang, X. Liu, Z. Hecobian, A. Zheng, M. Frank, N. H. Edgerton, S. Weber, R. J. TI Spatial and seasonal variations of fine particle water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) over the southeastern United States: implications for secondary organic aerosol formation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; ATLANTA SUPERSITE; PM2.5; EMISSIONS; IMPACT; MODEL; URBAN; SOA; METHYLGLYOXAL; HYDROCARBONS AB Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the southeastern US is investigated by analyzing the spatial-temporal distribution of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and other PM2.5 components from 900 archived 24-h Teflon filters collected at 15 urban or rural EPA Federal Reference Method (FRM) network sites throughout 2007. Online measurements of WSOC at an urban/rural-paired site in Georgia in the summer of 2008 are contrasted to the filter data. Based on FRM filters, excluding biomass-burning events (levoglucosan < 50 ng m(-3)), WSOC and sulfate were highly correlated with PM2.5 mass (r(2)similar to 0.7). Both components comprised a large mass fraction of PM2.5 (13% and 31%, respectively, or similar to 25% and 50% for WSOM and ammonium sulfate). Sulfate and WSOC both tracked ambient temperature throughout the year, suggesting the temperature effects were mainly linked to faster photochemistry and/or synoptic meteorology and less due to enhanced biogenic hydrocarbon emissions. FRM WSOC, and to a lesser extent sulfate, were spatially homogeneous throughout the region, yet WSOC was moderately enhanced (27%) in locations of greater predicted isoprene emissions in summer. A Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis identified two major source types for the summer WSOC; 22% of the WSOC were associated with ammonium sulfate, and 56% of the WSOC were associated with brown carbon and oxalate. A small urban excess of FRM WSOC (10%) was observed in the summer of 2007, however, comparisons of online WSOC measurements at one urban/rural pair (Atlanta/Yorkville) in August 2008 showed substantially greater difference in WSOC (31%) relative to the FRM data, suggesting a low bias for urban filters. The measured Atlanta urban excess, combined with the estimated boundary layer heights, gave an estimated Atlanta daily WSOC production rate in August of 0.55 mgC m(-2) h(-1) between mid-morning and mid-afternoon. This study characterizes the regional nature of fine particles in the southeastern US, confirming the importance of SOA and the roles of both biogenic and anthropogenic emissions. C1 [Zhang, X.; Liu, Z.; Hecobian, A.; Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Zheng, M.] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Frank, N. H.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Edgerton, S.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM xzhang3@gatech.edu RI Liu, Zhen/C-3027-2011; Zhang, Xiaolu/F-9190-2011; Hecobian, Arsineh/A-9743-2012 OI Hecobian, Arsineh/0000-0001-9511-4868 FU GA DNR [773-80150]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0802237, ATM-0931492]; Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI); Southern Company FX This work was supported by GA DNR under grant No. 773-80150 and National Science Foundation grants ATM-0802237 and ATM-0931492. Online WSOC measurements were made as part of the AMIGAS study and were supported by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the Southern Company. The authors thank Susan Zimmer-Dauphinee of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GA DNR), Tracy Anderson of the Alabama Department of Environmental Management, Randy Dillard of the Alabama Jefferson Co. Department of Health, and Scott Reynolds of the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control for providing the FRM filters. The authors also thank Jiumeng Liu and Thomas Muccillo for assistance in measurements of WSOC and light absorption spectra. The information expressed in this paper does not necessarily reflect the policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 69 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 93 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 14 BP 6593 EP 6607 DI 10.5194/acp-12-6593-2012 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 979HO UT WOS:000306808300034 ER PT J AU Mangrulkar, PA Polshettiwar, V Labhsetwar, NK Varma, RS Rayalu, SS AF Mangrulkar, Priti A. Polshettiwar, Vivek Labhsetwar, Nitin K. Varma, Rajender S. Rayalu, Sadhana S. TI Nano-ferrites for water splitting: unprecedented high photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; NATAO3 PHOTOCATALYSTS; RECENT PROGRESS; AZO-DYES; CATALYST; DECOMPOSITION; H-2; O-2; DEGRADATION; IRRADIATION AB In the present investigation, hydrogen production via water splitting by nano-ferrites was studied using ethanol as the sacrificial donor and Pt as co-catalyst. Nano-ferrite is emerging as a promising photocatalyst with a hydrogen evolution rate of 8.275 mu mol h(-1) and a hydrogen yield of 8275 mu mol h(-1) g(-1) under visible light compared to 0.0046 mu mol h(-1) for commercial iron oxide (tested under similar experimental conditions). Nano-ferrites were tested in three different photoreactor configurations. The rate of hydrogen evolution by nano-ferrite was significantly influenced by the photoreactor configuration. Altering the reactor configuration led to sevenfold (59.55 mu mol h(-1)) increase in the hydrogen evolution rate. Nano-ferrites have shown remarkable stability in hydrogen production up to 30 h and the cumulative hydrogen evolution rate was observed to be 98.79 mu mol h(-1). The hydrogen yield was seen to be influenced by several factors like photocatalyst dose, illumination intensity, irradiation time, sacrificial donor and presence of co-catalyst. These were then investigated in detail. It was evident from the experimental data that nano-ferrites under optimized reaction conditions and photoreactor configuration could lead to remarkable hydrogen evolution activity under visible light. Temperature had a significant role in enhancing the hydrogen yield. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek] KAUST, KCC, Nanocatalysis Lab NanoCat, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. [Mangrulkar, Priti A.; Labhsetwar, Nitin K.; Rayalu, Sadhana S.] NEERI, CSIR, Environm Mat Div, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Polshettiwar, V (reprint author), KAUST, KCC, Nanocatalysis Lab NanoCat, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. EM vivek.pol@kaust.edu.sa; s_rayalu@neeri.res.in RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 FU CSIR-Network [NWP0022, NWP-56]; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) India FX Financial support from the CSIR-Network projects NWP0022 and NWP-56 is greatly acknowledged. One of the authors, Priti A. Mangrulkar, would also take the opportunity to sincerely acknowledge the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) India for granting the Senior Research Fellowship. The authors would also like to thank Director, CSIR-NEERI for providing research facilities. NR 46 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 85 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2012 VL 4 IS 16 BP 5202 EP 5209 DI 10.1039/c2nr30819c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 979XC UT WOS:000306855500052 PM 22751782 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Desai, I Cruz, C Yang, DJ AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Desai, Ishan Cruz, Carlo Yang, Duck J. TI Novel Pd based catalyst for the removal of organic and emerging contaminants SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID METHYLENE-BLUE; NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; GREEN SYNTHESIS; NANOCOMPOSITES; OXIDE; SILVER; STABILIZATION; IRRADIATION AB We report a simple approach to autocatalytic reduction and decoration of Au, Pd, and Pt nanocrystals on biodegradable cellulose polymer coated with polypyrrole. Cellulose was used as a template for the coating of polypyrrole. Reduction of different metals such as Au, Pd, and Pt and their decoration can be achieved through polypyrrole-coated cellulose fibers. Pre-selected bulk morphology of PdO/PdO2-embedded carbon was achieved through a microwave combustion method within one minute using the above-mentioned metal and polypyrrole-coated composite cellulose fibers. Synthesized Pd-decorated polypyrrole-coated cellulose fibers (Pd/py-cellulose) and microwave-ignited above mentioned (PdO/PdO2/C) materials provide a suitable catalyst for the degradation/reduction of methylene blue (waste water simulator) to leucomethylene blue at room temperature in aqueous media. At various concentrations, the material exhibits an overall reaction coefficient (ranging from 0.0183 to 0.1168 M-1 s(-1)), much greater than the self-degradation of methylene blue (MB) (0.00002 M-1 s(-1)). Through microwave ignition, the apparent increase in surface area of palladium results in a catalyst capable of high conversion (68.9%) at low concentrations. C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Cruz, Carlo] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Desai, Ishan] Texas A&M Univ, Environm & Water Resources Engn Div, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Yang, Duck J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX USA. RP Nadagouda, MN (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Nadagouda.mallikarjuna@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2012 VL 2 IS 19 BP 7540 EP 7548 DI 10.1039/c2ra20562a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 984JG UT WOS:000307185300030 ER PT J AU Virkutyte, J Varma, RS AF Virkutyte, Jurate Varma, Rajender S. TI Veruclay - a new type of photo-adsorbent active in the visible light range: modification of montmorillonite surface with organic surfactant SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID VIBRIO-FISCHERI; METHYLENE-BLUE; ACUTE TOXICITY; ADSORPTION; CATALYSTS; CLAY; NANOCOMPOSITES; INTERCALATION; NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATION AB Montmorillonite K10 was treated with VeruSOL-3, a biodegradable and food-grade surfactant mixture of coconut oil, castor oil and citrus extracts, to manufacture a benign catalytic adsorbent that is active in the visible light. Veruclay was characterized by SEM, XRD, TGA, UVDRS, and XPS analysis. The catalytic adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and halogenated aromatic dichlorophenol (DCP) in the dark and visible light was assessed through the bench scale experiments. It was found that in the presence of visible light, MB degradation was nearly 100% in 45 min, whereas 75% of DCP was removed in 4 h. Demineralization of the solution in terms of TOC degradation of 18, 59, and 74% was achieved with 0.5, 1, and 2 g L-1 of Veruclay, respectively with DCP as a contaminant. Bacterial (Vibrio fischeri) bioluminescence inhibition assay demonstrated the effectiveness of Veruclay to significantly inhibit the microbial growth even at relatively low (50 mg L-1) Veruclay concentrations. It exhibited excellent stability for up to 7 consecutive runs and regained most of its catalytic activity after intermediate calcination. C1 [Virkutyte, Jurate] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Virkutyte, J (reprint author), Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, 46 E Hollister St, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. EM virkutyte.jurate@epa.gov; varma.rajender@epa.gov FU CRADA from VeruTEK Technologies, Inc. FX This research was performed at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio. This paper has not been subjected to internal policy review of the U.S. EPA. Therefore, the research results do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency or its policy. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The CRADA support from VeruTEK Technologies, Inc. is gratefully acknowledged. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2012 VL 2 IS 21 BP 8128 EP 8134 DI 10.1039/c2ra20811c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 992PR UT WOS:000307792200030 ER PT S AU Gordenin, DA AF Gordenin, Dmitry A. BE Mothersill, CE Korogodina, V Seymour, CB TI Hypermutability Associated with Double-Strand Break Repair SO RADIOBIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Radiological Issues Pertaining to Environmental Security and Ecoterrorism CY OCT 09-14, 2010 CL Alushta, UKRAINE DE DNA repair; Mutagenesis; Double-strand breaks; Multiple mutations ID DNA-DAMAGE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION; MUTATION-RATE; PROTEIN EVOLUTION; ADAPTIVE MUTATION; REPLICATION FORK; GENE CONVERSION; SEQUENCE SPACE; HIGH-FIDELITY AB Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most toxic kind of DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation as well as by a number of other environmental factors and drugs. DSBs lead to gross chromosome rearrangements, genetic disease, and cancer or cell death. However cells can be programmed to generate DSBs in their own DNA. Programmed DSBs are a key element of many biological functions such as meiotic recombination and segregation, adaptive immunity, regulation switches and viral life cycles. Either damage-induced or programmed DSBs should be repaired in order to retain cell viability. Over the last years it has been established that DSB repair can be associated with up to 10,000-fold increase in frequency of base substitutions and small insertions/deletions (indels). This localized hypermutability represents additional genotoxic threat as well as a potential for generating rare multiple mutant alleles with high fitness without overloading the rest of the genome with mutations. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gordenin, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Gordenin@niehs.nih.gov NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-94-007-1938-5 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2012 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1939-2_1 PG 11 WC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBK53 UT WOS:000307200400001 ER PT S AU Drake, JW AF Drake, John W. BE Mothersill, CE Korogodina, V Seymour, CB TI A Test of Kimura's Mutation-Rate Conjecture SO RADIOBIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Radiological Issues Pertaining to Environmental Security and Ecoterrorism CY OCT 09-14, 2010 CL Alushta, UKRAINE DE Mutation; Mutation rate; Ribovirus; Thermophile ID CHARACTER AB Mutation is the first of the four great engines of evolution and the prime source of heritable variation in all living and semi-living organisms and their molecular parasites. As a result, the processes and products of mutation have been deeply explored at both the phenomenological and the mechanistic levels for more than a century. There has been notable progress at both levels over the last half century, with the result that the phylogeny of mutation has become fairly well codified, especially the rates and kinds of mutation in as diverse organisms as could be probed. These explorations began to coalesce in the 1990s and soon comprised a small number of broad generalizations. These include very high genomic mutation rates in riboviruses and some higher eukaryotes, and strikingly similar genomic mutation rates in most DNA microbes. However, highly informative exceptions have recently been observed. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Drake, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM drake@niehs.nih.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-94-007-1938-5 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2012 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1939-2_2 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBK53 UT WOS:000307200400002 ER PT S AU Resnick, MA AF Resnick, Michael A. BE Mothersill, CE Korogodina, V Seymour, CB TI Endless Pursuit of DNA Double-Strand Break Ends SO RADIOBIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Radiological Issues Pertaining to Environmental Security and Ecoterrorism CY OCT 09-14, 2010 CL Alushta, UKRAINE DE DNA repair; Double-strand breaks; Resection; MRX; RAD52; Mutations; Genome stability; Ionizing radiation; UV; Chromosome breaks; Tetraploidy; Recombination ID GENOME INSTABILITY; REPAIR; YEAST; RECOMBINATION; COMPLEX AB In the pursuit of radiation-induced cellular damage that manifests in cell killing and genome instability, but is reversible by the phenomenon of liquid holding, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) have been shown to be the major culprit. It is now widely accepted that DSBs provide both beneficial and deleterious effects and that elaborate systems were evolved to address their detection, processing and repair. Understanding the mechanisms of DSB induction, processing and eventual biological consequences as well as just the detection of DSBs remain a challenge - especially for randomly induced breaks. Given the large number of extensive reviews available and the limited space here, I have chosen to focus on summarizing recent novel findings from our group using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are relevant to many molecular and genetic aspects of DSB repair and impact on genome stability. Included are the systems we have developed that address (1) induction of random primary and secondary DSBs; (2) processing of DSB ends; (3) genetic control of DSB induction and repair; (4) genome instabilities associated with DSBs including rearrangements and hypermutability associated with resected ends; and (5) physical factors that determine the transition from DSB to chromosome break or recombination. Using a circular chromosome, we find that resection of random, dirty-end DSBs induced by ionizing radiation or derived from MMS single-strand damage is rapid and is primarily due to the MRX complex. Interestingly, the transition from DSB to chromosome break at a unique DSB in yeast is largely prevented by the nuclease function of exonuclease 1 as determined from separation of fluorescent markers that flank a DSB. Based on a tetraploid gene-dosage model, the role of the chromosome structural complex cohesin is not only to enhance DSB repair between sister chromatids, but it also directs recombinational repair events to sisters thereby preventing loss of heterozygosity. Notably, DSBs greatly sensitizes cells to localized mutability as well as gross rearrangements. Overall, these findings demonstrate the genomic vulnerability to DSBs and the genetic investment in their orderly processing. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, CSG, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Resnick, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, CSG, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, Box 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM resnick@niehs.nih.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-94-007-1938-5 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2012 BP 245 EP 257 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1939-2_21 PG 13 WC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBK53 UT WOS:000307200400021 ER PT J AU Zhang, R Sarwar, G Fung, JCH Lau, AKH Zhang, YH AF Zhang, Rui Sarwar, Golam Fung, Jimmy C. H. Lau, Alexis K. H. Zhang, Yuanhang TI Examining the Impact of Nitrous Acid Chemistry on Ozone and PM over the Pearl River Delta Region SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR-QUALITY; WATER-VAPOR; NITRIC-ACID; HETEROGENEOUS HYDROLYSIS; EMISSION INVENTORY; HONO FORMATION; HUMIC-ACID; MODEL; NO2 AB The impact of nitrous acid (HONO) chemistry on regional ozone and particulate matter in Pearl River Delta region was investigated using the community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) modeling system and the CB05 mechanism. Model simulations were conducted for a ten-day period in October 2004. Compared with available observed data, the model performance for NOx, SO2, PM10, and sulfate is reasonably good; however, predictions of HONO are an order of magnitude lower than observed data. The CB05 mechanism contains several homogenous reactions related to HONO. To improve the model performance for HONO, direct emissions, two heterogeneous reactions, and two surface photolysis reactions were incorporated into the model. The inclusion of the additional formation pathways significantly improved simulated HONO compared with observed data. The addition of HONO sources enhances daily maximum 8-hour ozone by up to 6 ppbV (8%) and daily mean PM2.5 by up to 17 ug/m(3) (12%). They also affected ozone control strategy in Pearl River Delta region. C1 [Sarwar, Golam] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhang, Rui; Fung, Jimmy C. H.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Fung, Jimmy C. H.; Lau, Alexis K. H.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Div Environm, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yuanhang] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Sarwar, G (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sarwar.golam@epa.gov; majfung@ust.hk RI Zhang, Yuanhang/F-7038-2011; Lau, Alexis/D-7914-2013; OI Lau, Alexis/0000-0003-3802-828X; Fung, Jimmy/0000-0002-7859-8511 FU HKUST; Research Grant Council of Hong Kong [RGC612807, RGC615406]; NSFC/RGC [N_HKUST630/04, N_HKUST631/05] FX This project was supported by HKUST Oversea Research Grant for PhD student, Grants from the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong (RGC612807, RGC615406), and NSFC/RGC Joint Research Scheme (N_HKUST630/04, N_HKUST631/05). Although this paper has been reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect EPA's polices or views. NR 76 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 42 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2012 AR 140932 DI 10.1155/2012/140932 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 978PA UT WOS:000306754900001 ER PT J AU Vaddula, BR Saha, A Leazer, J Varma, RS AF Vaddula, Buchi Reddy Saha, Amit Leazer, John Varma, Rajender S. TI A simple and facile Heck-type arylation of alkenes with diaryliodonium salts using magnetically recoverable Pd-catalyst SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SUBSTITUTED DIPHENYLIODONIUM SALTS; HYPERVALENT IODINE REAGENTS; ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; COUPLING REACTIONS; POLYVALENT IODINE; ALLYLIC ALCOHOLS; IODONIUM SALTS; ARYL ESTERS; N-ARYLATION; PALLADIUM AB The Heck-type arylation of alkenes was achieved in aqueous polyethylene glycol using a magnetically recoverable heterogenized palladium catalyst employing diaryliodonium salts under ambient conditions. The benign reaction medium and the stability of the catalyst are the salient features of this simple and facile protocol. C1 [Vaddula, Buchi Reddy; Saha, Amit; Leazer, John; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vaddula, BR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development FX BRV and AS were supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the EPA. NR 61 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 45 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 8 BP 2133 EP 2136 DI 10.1039/c2gc35673b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 977KL UT WOS:000306658200004 ER PT J AU Selvakumar, A Kampbell, E Downey, D Condit, W AF Selvakumar, Ariamalar Kampbell, Ed Downey, Dec Condit, Wendy TI Quality assurance and quality control practices for rehabilitation of sewer and water mains SO URBAN WATER JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE renewal; water main; sewer; rehabilitation; cured-in place; replacement; trenchless technologies AB As part of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s Aging Water Infrastructure Research Program, several areas of research are being pursued including a review of quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) practices and acceptance testing during the installation of rehabilitation systems (USEPA 2011). The objectives of this research effort were to collect, analyze and summarize information on the installation and QA/QC practices for the trenchless rehabilitation of sewer and water transmission mains. In addition, consideration was given to practices related to water service lines, sewer service laterals, force mains, siphons, sewer manholes, pumping stations, associated wet wells and other appurtenances. This review was accomplished primarily by conducting interviews directly with rehabilitation technology vendors, design engineers and water and wastewater utilities that have a track record of using trenchless rehabilitation technologies within their network. This paper provides an overview of how QA/QC issues have been handled in North America for trenchless rehabilitation technologies. C1 [Selvakumar, Ariamalar] US EPA, Urban Watershed Management Branch, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Edison, NJ USA. [Kampbell, Ed; Downey, Dec] Jason Consultants, Columbus, OH USA. [Condit, Wendy] Battele Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. RP Selvakumar, A (reprint author), US EPA, Urban Watershed Management Branch, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Edison, NJ USA. EM selvakumar.ariamalar@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. Any opinions expressed in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1573-062X J9 URBAN WATER J JI Urban Water J. PY 2012 VL 9 IS 4 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1080/1573062X.2011.652134 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 979OG UT WOS:000306828800001 ER PT J AU Ingwersen, WW Curran, MA Gonzalez, MA Hawkins, TR AF Ingwersen, Wesley W. Curran, Mary Ann Gonzalez, Michael A. Hawkins, Troy R. TI Using screening level environmental life cycle assessment to aid decision making A case study of a college annual report SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE Decision making; Electronic media; Print media; Annual reports; Environmental input-output models; Communications; Life cycle costs; Life cycle assessment AB Purpose - The purpose of this study is to compare the life cycle environmental impacts of the University of Cincinnati College of Engineering and Applied Sciences' current printed annual report to a version distributed via the internet. Design/methodology/approach - Life cycle environmental impacts of both versions of the report are modeled using the online environmental input-output life cycle assessment (EIO-LCA) tool. Most monetary model inputs were obtained from the University of Cincinnati and the others were estimated. Results are presented for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy use, water use, and human and ecosystem health impacts. Alternative scenarios reflecting different reader behaviors were evaluated. Findings - The electronic report reduces economic costs and all categories of environmental impacts so long as the recipients do not print the report at home. Impacts of the printed report were higher than the electronic report due to impacts associated with paper production and disposal and to a lesser extent differences in the impacts of mail versus electronic distribution. The environmental preferability of the options is heavily influenced by the number of users who choose to print the electronic report at home; if more than 10 percent print at home, it offsets the benefits of the e-report. Research limitations/implications - Using the EIO-LCA tool limited the accuracy of the results by using average US data for a specific supply chain. It was limited by assumptions about reader behavior with the e-report. Practical implications - This case study demonstrates how a screening level life cycle assessment (LCA) might be used by a university administrator to make decisions supported by quantitative environmental information. Originality/value - The screening level LCA-based approach can provide grounding for environmental decision making within a reasonable time period and cost while maintaining sufficient accuracy for guiding purchasing or product decisions. C1 [Ingwersen, Wesley W.; Gonzalez, Michael A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Syst Anal Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Ingwersen, WW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Syst Anal Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM ingwersen.wesley@epa.gov OI Curran, Mary Ann/0000-0001-8565-9928; Ingwersen, Wesley/0000-0002-9614-701X NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1467-6370 J9 INT J SUST HIGHER ED JI Int. J. Sustain. High. Educ. PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 BP 6 EP 18 DI 10.1108/14676371211190272 PG 13 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Education & Educational Research SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Education & Educational Research GA 977OB UT WOS:000306672800002 ER PT J AU Wortman, E Tomaszewski, T Waldner, P Schleppi, P Thimonier, A Eugster, W Buchmann, N Sievering, H AF Wortman, E. Tomaszewski, T. Waldner, P. Schleppi, P. Thimonier, A. Eugster, W. Buchmann, N. Sievering, H. TI Atmospheric nitrogen deposition and canopy retention influences on photosynthetic performance at two high nitrogen deposition Swiss forests SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric nitrogen deposition; fluorometry; canopy nitrogen uptake; photosynthetic efficiency; carbon storage ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; N DEPOSITION; XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE; CONIFER FOREST; CARBON STORAGE; ECOSYSTEMS; TEMPERATE; GROWTH; SPRUCE; SWITZERLAND AB Portable chlorophyll fluorometry measurements, providing plant photosynthetic efficiency (PE) data, were carried out at two contrasting Swiss forests experiencing high nitrogen (N) deposition. Fluorometry data were obtained in conjunction with controlled N treatment applications within forest canopies to more realistically simulate deposition of plant-available N species. At the high N deposition Novaggio oak forest, growing season canopy N applications caused increases in PE and other photosynthetic measures. Similar N applications at the Lageren mixed beech and spruce forest site indicated a possible PE decrease in beech leaves and no effect on spruce needles. N is considered a growth-limiting nutrient in temperate environments where low to moderate N deposition can benefit forest growth; however, high N deposition can have negative effects on forest health and growth due to nutrient imbalances. We conclude that the growth effect dominates at both sites, thereby increasing the potential for carbon sequestration. We found clear evidence of direct leaf-level canopy N uptake in combination with increased PE at the Novaggio oak forest site and no definitive evidence of negative N effects at the Lageren site. We conclude that PE measurements with chlorophyll fluorometry is a useful tool to quantify N and carbon exchange aspects of deciduous forest dynamics. C1 [Wortman, E.] US EPA, Denver, CO USA. [Tomaszewski, T.] Univ Oregon, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Waldner, P.; Schleppi, P.; Thimonier, A.] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Eugster, W.; Buchmann, N.; Sievering, H.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Agr Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Sievering, H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wortman, E (reprint author), US EPA, 1595 Wynkoop St, Denver, CO USA. EM wortman.eric@epa.gov RI Buchmann, Nina/E-6095-2011; Eugster, Werner/E-5116-2010; Schleppi, Patrick/E-6751-2011; Waldner, Peter/A-6941-2017 OI Eugster, Werner/0000-0001-6067-0741; Schleppi, Patrick/0000-0002-3578-6563; Waldner, Peter/0000-0001-8982-6156 FU ETH Zurich fund for Guest Professorships; U.S. National Science Foundation's Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research grant FX We thank the WSL very much for installation of a canopy access platform at the Novaggio forest site and for the purchase of a PAM-2100 fluorometer, especially in such a timely fashion. We also thank WSL for obtaining ICP elemental and 15N analysis data from Lageren beech and spruce foliage as well as Novaggio oak leaves. We also thank the Swiss Government for giving us access to the Lageren facilities and data. This research was supported by the ETH Zurich fund for Guest Professorships. The day-to-day help of Claudine Hostettler, Grassland Sciences Secretariat, and of Sophia Etzold for her collection of Lageren foliage is appreciated. The assistance of Franco Fibbioli of the WSL sottostazione and of Hugo Balster of INSTAAR, University of Colorado, in gathering fluorometry data at Novaggio and Lageren is greatly appreciated. We further also thank Kiko Bianchi and Oliver Schramm for sample collection, Anna Brechbuhl and Noureddine Hajjar for laboratory work of the Novaggio site and Daniele Pezzotta and his team for the chemical analyses at WSL. We further would like to acknowledge the work of Gustav Schneiter, Peter Jakob and Flurin Sutter for running meteo-stations and data base of the Novaggio site. The Patrizziato of Novaggio kindly allowed the installation of the platform in their forest. The platform installation was coordinated by Christian Hug and financing of the fluorometer and platform arranged by Norbert Krauchi. Finally, the U.S. National Science Foundation's Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research grant provided logistics support to this ecological field study. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 37 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PY 2012 VL 64 AR 17216 DI 10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.17216 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 979GQ UT WOS:000306805900001 ER PT J AU Suri, RPS Thornton, HM Muruganandham, M AF Suri, Rominder P. S. Thornton, Hilary M. Muruganandham, M. TI Disinfection of water using Pt- and Ag-doped TiO2 photocatalysts SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE photocatalysis; Ag/Pt TiO2; disinfection; Escherichia coli; sunlight ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DECOMPOSITION; OXIDATION; SYSTEM; PHOTODEGRADATION; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; INACTIVATION; POWDER; MEDIA AB In this article we have reported heterogeneous photocatalytic disinfection using pristine and Ag- and Pt-doped nano TiO2 under near-UV light and solar light irradiation. Disinfection experiments were conducted in slurry reactors with Escherichia coli, artificial light and sunlight. The influence of various amounts of Pt and Ag loading (0.5% to 5%) on the E. coli inactivation was examined and results indicated that 5% Pt-TiO2 and 0.5% Ag-TiO2 showed the highest photocatalytic E. coli inactivation. The Pt- and Ag-doped photocatalysts were characterized using XPS and TEM analysis. The influence of experimental parameters such as various photocatalysts, photocatalyst concentration, reactor geometry effect, pH and temperature on the photocatalytic disinfection was studied. The experimental results show that sunlight or near-UV light with TiO2 photocatalyst strongly inactivates E. coli. The Ag-TiO2 photocatalyst was the most efficient photocatalyst tested for bactericidal activity. A plausible mechanism of photocatalysed E. coli inactivation is discussed. In conclusion, the doped nano TiO2 photocatalysts is a potential candidate for E. coli inactivation. C1 [Suri, Rominder P. S.; Muruganandham, M.] Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Water & Environm Technol WET Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Thornton, Hilary M.] US EPA, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Suri, RPS (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Water & Environm Technol WET Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM rsuri@temple.edu NR 38 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 46 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3330 J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL JI Environ. Technol. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 14 BP 1651 EP 1659 DI 10.1080/09593330.2011.641590 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 975RP UT WOS:000306528900012 PM 22988625 ER PT J AU Beaver, MR St Clair, JM Paulot, F Spencer, KM Crounse, JD LaFranchi, BW Min, KE Pusede, SE Wooldridge, PJ Schade, GW Park, C Cohen, RC Wennberg, PO AF Beaver, M. R. St Clair, J. M. Paulot, F. Spencer, K. M. Crounse, J. D. LaFranchi, B. W. Min, K. E. Pusede, S. E. Wooldridge, P. J. Schade, G. W. Park, C. Cohen, R. C. Wennberg, P. O. TI Importance of biogenic precursors to the budget of organic nitrates: observations of multifunctional organic nitrates by CIMS and TD-LIF during BEARPEX 2009 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE PLANTATION; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ISOPRENE OXIDATION; SIERRA-NEVADA; ALKYL NITRATE; OH RADICALS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; INITIATED OXIDATION; OZONE PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES AB Alkyl and multifunctional organic nitrates, molecules of the chemical form RONO2, are products of chain terminating reactions in the tropospheric HOx and NOx catalytic cycles and thereby impact ozone formation locally. Many of the molecules in the class have lifetimes that are long enough that they can be transported over large distances. If the RONO2 then decompose to deliver NOx to remote regions they affect ozone production rates in locations distant from the original NOx source. While measurements of total RONO2 (Sigma ANs) and small straight chain alkyl nitrates are routine, measurements of the specific multifunctional RONO2 molecules that are believed to dominate the total have rarely been reported and never reported in coincidence with ambient Sigma ANs measurements. Here we describe observations obtained during the BEARPEX 2009 experiment including Sigma ANs and a suite of multifunctional nitrates including isoprene derived hydroxynitrates, oxidation products of those nitrates, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) derived hydroxynitrates, and monoterpene nitrates. At the BEARPEX field site, the sum of the individual biogenically derived nitrates account for two-thirds of the Sigma ANs, confirming predictions of the importance of biogenic nitrates to the NOy budget. Isoprene derived nitrates, transported to the site, are a much larger fraction of the Sigma ANs at the site than the nitrates derived from the locally emitted MBO. Evidence for additional nitrates, possibly from nocturnal chemistry of isoprene and alpha-pinene, is presented. C1 [LaFranchi, B. W.; Min, K. E.; Pusede, S. E.; Wooldridge, P. J.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schade, G. W.; Park, C.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Beaver, M. R.; St Clair, J. M.; Paulot, F.; Spencer, K. M.; Crounse, J. D.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Beaver, MR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM beaver.melinda@epa.gov RI Crounse, John/E-4622-2011; Schade, Gunnar/G-9000-2012; Min, Kyung-Eun/I-2839-2013; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014 OI Schade, Gunnar/0000-0003-4327-0839; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0934408, ATM-0934345] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (grants ATM-0934408 and ATM-0934345). We thank Sierra Pacific Industries for the use of their land, and the University of California, Berkeley, Center for Forestry, Blodgett Forest Research Station for cooperation in facilitating this research. MRB also thanks Ying Xie (US EPA) and Ellie Browne (UCB) for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 65 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 72 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 13 BP 5773 EP 5785 DI 10.5194/acp-12-5773-2012 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 973NI UT WOS:000306366500007 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, MD Corton, JC Acero, N Munoz-Mingarro, D Quiros, Y Alvarez-Millan, JJ Herrera, E Bocos, C AF del Carmen Gonzalez, Maria Corton, J. Christopher Acero, Nuria Munoz-Mingarro, Dolores Quiros, Yolanda Jose Alvarez-Millan, Juan Herrera, Emilio Bocos, Carlos TI Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha Agonists Differentially Regulate Inhibitor of DNA Binding Expression in Rodents and Human Cells SO PPAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE GENE-EXPRESSION; LOOP-HELIX PROTEINS; PPAR-ALPHA; IN-VIVO; ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; ID2 EXPRESSION; MOUSE-LIVER; MICE; RATS AB Inhibitor of DNA binding (Id2) is a helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor that participates in cell differentiation and proliferation. Id2 has been linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases since thiazolidinediones, antidiabetic agents and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists, have been reported to diminish Id2 expression in human cells. We hypothesized that PPAR alpha activators may also alter Id2 expression. Fenofibrate diminished hepatic Id2 expression in both late pregnant and unmated rats. In 24 hour fasted rats, Id2 expression was decreased under conditions known to activate PPAR alpha. In order to determine whether the fibrate effects were mediated by PPAR alpha, wild-type mice and PPAR alpha-null mice were treated with Wy-14,643 (WY). WY reduced Id2 expression in wild-type mice without an effect in PPAR alpha-null mice. In contrast, fenofibrate induced Id2 expression after 24 hours of treatment in human hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2). MK-886, a PPAR alpha antagonist, did not block fenofibrate-induced activation of Id2 expression, suggesting a PPAR alpha-independent effect was involved. These findings confirm that Id2 is a gene responsive to PPAR alpha agonists. Like other genes (apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein A-V), the opposite directional transcriptional effect in rodents and a human cell line further emphasizes that PPAR alpha agonists have different effects in rodents and humans. C1 [del Carmen Gonzalez, Maria; Acero, Nuria; Munoz-Mingarro, Dolores; Herrera, Emilio; Bocos, Carlos] Univ San Pablo CEU, Dept Biol, Fac Farm, Madrid 28668, Spain. [del Carmen Gonzalez, Maria; Acero, Nuria; Munoz-Mingarro, Dolores; Herrera, Emilio; Bocos, Carlos] Univ San Pablo CEU, Dept Biol, Fac Med, Madrid 28668, Spain. [Corton, J. Christopher] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Quiros, Yolanda; Jose Alvarez-Millan, Juan] Consulting Quim Sanit CQS Lab, Madrid 28020, Spain. RP Bocos, C (reprint author), Univ San Pablo CEU, Dept Biol, Fac Farm, Madrid 28668, Spain. EM carbocos@ceu.es RI Herrera, Emilio/D-9143-2012; Bocos, Carlos/B-8460-2015 OI Herrera, Emilio/0000-0002-8152-787X; Bocos, Carlos/0000-0003-0364-5958 FU Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I+D+i); Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Subdireccion General de Evaluacion y Fomento de la Investigacion [PI-09/02192]; European Community FEDER funds; Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo-CEU [USP-PC 17/09]; Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors would like to thank Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I+D+i), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Subdireccion General de Evaluacion y Fomento de la Investigacion (PI-09/02192), and European Community FEDER funds, as well as the Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo-CEU (USP-PC 17/09) for financial support. M. Carmen Gonzalez was a recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain. The authors thank Milagros Morante for her excellent technical assistance and Drs. Mitch Rosen and Sheau-Fung Thai for a critical review of the paper. The information in this document has been supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4757 J9 PPAR RES JI PPAR Res. PY 2012 AR 483536 DI 10.1155/2012/483536 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 968YW UT WOS:000306022600001 ER PT J AU Zhao, YC Lou, IC Conolly, RB AF Zhao, Yuchao Lou, In Chio Conolly, Rory B. TI COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF SIGNALING PATHWAYS MEDIATING CELL CYCLE CHECKPOINT CONTROL AND APOPTOTIC RESPONSES TO IONIZING RADIATION-INDUCED DNA DAMAGE SO DOSE-RESPONSE LA English DT Article DE ionizing radiation; mammalian cell cycle; checkpoint arrest; apoptosis; nonlinear dynamical system ID RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN; ADAPTIVE RESPONSE; IN-VIVO; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; DEPENDENT KINASES; UBIQUITIN LIGASE; REACTIVE OXYGEN; RISK-ASSESSMENT; LET RADIATION AB The shape of dose response of ionizing radiation (IR) induced cancer at low dose region, either linear non-threshold or J-shaped, has been a debate for a long time. This dose response relationship can be influenced by built-in capabilities of cells that minimize the fixation of IR-mediated DNA damage as pro-carcinogenic mutations. Key capabilities include sensing of damage, activation of cell cycle checkpoint arrests that provide time needed for repair of the damage as well as apoptosis. Here we describe computational modeling of the signaling pathways that link sensing of DNA damage and checkpoint arrest activation/apoptosis to investigate how these molecular-level interactions influence the dose response relationship for IR induced cancer. The model provides qualitatively accurate descriptions of the IR-mediated activation of cell cycle checkpoints and the apoptotic pathway, and of time-course activities and dose response of relevant regulatory proteins (e.g. p53 and p21). Linking to a two-stage clonal growth cancer model, the model described here successfully captured a monotonically increasing to a J-shaped dose response curve and identified one potential mechanism leading to the J-shape: the cell cycle checkpoint arrest time saturates with the increase of the dose. C1 [Zhao, Yuchao; Conolly, Rory B.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Zhao, Yuchao] Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Lou, In Chio] Univ Macau, Taipa, Peoples R China. [Conolly, Rory B.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Zhao, YC (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM zhaoy@bnu.edu.cn FU Department of Energy BER [DE-FG02-03ER63669]; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (Beijing Normal University) [10Y05ESPCN]; Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFDP) FX The authors thank Qiang Zhang for his stimulating discussion and contribution to review. The research was originally supported by grant to the CIIT Centers for Health Research (now Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences) from Department of Energy BER Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER63669. Yuchao Zhao also thanks the funding from State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (Beijing Normal University) 10Y05ESPCN and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFDP) for recent support. NR 97 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1559-3258 J9 DOSE-RESPONSE JI Dose-Response PY 2012 VL 10 IS 2 BP 251 EP 273 DI 10.2203/dose-response.11-021.Zhao PG 23 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Toxicology GA 956ES UT WOS:000305073400009 PM 22740786 ER PT J AU DellaValle, CT Hoppin, JA Hines, CJ Andreotti, G Alavanja, MCR AF DellaValle, Curt T. Hoppin, Jane A. Hines, Cynthia J. Andreotti, Gabriella Alavanja, Michael C. R. TI Risk-Accepting Personality and Personal Protective Equipment Use Within the Agricultural Health Study SO JOURNAL OF AGROMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Agricultural Health Study; personal protective equipment; pesticide; risk-accepting behavior ID PESTICIDE APPLICATORS; CANCER-RISK; SAFE USE; FARMERS; BEHAVIORS; EXPOSURE; SMALLHOLDERS; FARMWORKERS; CALIFORNIA; KNOWLEDGE AB Pesticide exposures can be reduced by use of personal protective equipment as well as proper mixing and application practices. The authors examined the effects of risk-accepting personality on personal protective equipment (PPE) use and mixing and application practices among private pesticide applicators and their spouses within the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) in Iowa and North Carolina and commercial applicators in Iowa. The AHS follow-up questionnaire included four questions designed to assess attitudes toward risk. Analysis was limited to those who were currently working on a farm or registered as a commercial applicator and indicated current pesticide use (n = 25,166). Respondents who answered three or more questions in the affirmative (private applicators: n = 4160 [21%]; commercial applicators: n = 199 [14%]; spouses: n = 829 [23%]) were classified as having a risk-accepting personality. Logistic regression was used to evaluate specific work practices associated with risk-accepting attitudes. Among private applicators, the likelihood of using any PPE when mixing or loading pesticides was lower among risk-acceptors compared to risk-averse individuals (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.79). A similar relationship was observed among commercial applicators (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.34-1.77) but not among spouses (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.90-1.33). Among private applicators, risk-acceptors were more likely than the risk-averse to apply pesticides within 50 feet of the home (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01-1.44), compared to further than 1/4 mile. These findings suggest that the decisions to use personal protective equipment and properly handle/apply pesticides may be driven by risk-accepting personality traits. C1 [DellaValle, Curt T.; Andreotti, Gabriella; Alavanja, Michael C. R.] Natl Canc Inst, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. [Hoppin, Jane A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hines, Cynthia J.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP DellaValle, CT (reprint author), Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, NIH DHHS, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 8011, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM dellavallec@mail.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES049030]; National Cancer Institute [Z01-CP010119] FX This work was supported by the intramural research program of the National Institutes of Health, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES049030) and National Cancer Institute (Z01-CP010119). NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1059-924X J9 J AGROMEDICINE JI J. Agromedicine PY 2012 VL 17 IS 3 BP 264 EP 276 DI 10.1080/1059924X.2012.686390 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 965IS UT WOS:000305761700002 PM 22732067 ER PT J AU Alberini, A Scasny, M Guignet, D Tonin, S AF Alberini, Anna Scasny, Milan Guignet, Dennis Tonin, Stefania TI Cancer values of prevented fatalities (VPFs), one size does not fit all: The benefits of contaminated site cleanups in Italy SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; SUPERFUND SITES; MORTALITY-RISK; CONTINGENT VALUATION; PREFERENCE EVIDENCE; SAFETY; HEALTH; CHOICE; MARKET; AGE AB The authors conducted a survey based on conjoint choice experiments in Milan, Italy, about mortality risk reductions delivered by hypothetical private behaviors and public programs, and used it to estimate the value of a prevented fatality (VPF) when the cause of death is cancer. Their estimate of the VPF is (sic)4.2 million. The VPF is about (sic)1 million larger when the risk reduction is delivered by a public program, but further analyses reveal that it is so only when the respondent believes that public programs are effective at reducing this particular type of mortality risk. This estimate of the VPF is higher than generic European Union-wide figures recommended by the European Commission Directorate-General for Environment (DG Environment) for environmental policy analyses, and is comparable to other VPFs that are appropriate for Italy, hazardous waste regulations, and enforcement-based cleanup programs. The authors use their VPF to compute the benefits of addressing leaking landfills, illegal disposal of hazardous wastes, and poor hazardous waste management practices in the provinces of Naples and Caserta in southern Italy. The authors also examine the importance of the discount rates, since the mortality benefits of remediation begin in 20 yr and are assumed to continue over 30 yr. Implications: Cost-benefit analysis that includes monetized nonmarket goods and services such as adverse health and premature mortality effects has become a standard tool in project appraisal and policy decision-making. The authors' estimates of the mortality benefits of cleaning up hazardous waste sites in a region of southern Italy are much larger than previous calculations that relied on the guidelines by DG Environment, raising concerns that using one VPF for all member countries of the European Union, and/ or VPF figures estimated in a private risk reduction setting, might considerably underestimate the benefits of cleanup policies. C1 [Alberini, Anna] Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Alberini, Anna] Fdn Eni Enrico Mattei, Venice, Italy. [Alberini, Anna] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Scasny, Milan] Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Environm, Prague, Czech Republic. [Guignet, Dennis] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Tonin, Stefania] Univ Venice IUAV, Fac Urban & Reg Planning, Venice, Italy. RP Scasny, M (reprint author), Jose Martiho 2-407, Prague 16200 6, Czech Republic. EM Milan.scasny@czp.cuni.cz RI Scasny, Milan/F-7394-2012 OI Scasny, Milan/0000-0001-5040-1281 FU European Commission [SSPE-CT-2005-6529] FX This research was conducted as part of the VERHI-Children Research Program, funded by the European Commission, SSPE-CT-2005-6529, http://www.oecd.org/site/0,3407,en_21571361_36146795_1_1_1_1_1,00.html. The views and conclusions expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of their affiliated universities and organizations. NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 7 BP 783 EP 798 DI 10.1080/10962247.2012.676594 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 965JE UT WOS:000305763100006 PM 22866580 ER PT J AU Englehardt, JD Ashbolt, NJ Loewenstine, C Gadzinski, ER Ayenu-Prah, AY AF Englehardt, James D. Ashbolt, Nicholas J. Loewenstine, Chad Gadzinski, Erik R. Ayenu-Prah, Albert Y., Jr. TI Methods for assessing long-term mean pathogen count in drinking water and risk management implications SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE correlated; discrete; monitoring; sampling; scaling; Weibull ID DISCRETE WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION; MICROBIAL COUNTS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; INFECTION; GIARDIA; QMRA; REDUCTION; SYSTEMS; EVENTS; RUNOFF AB Recently pathogen counts in drinking and source waters were shown theoretically to have the discrete Weibull (DW) or closely related discrete growth distribution (DGD). The result was demonstrated versus nine short-term and three simulated long-term water quality datasets. These distributions are highly skewed such that available datasets seldom represent the rare but important high-count events, making estimation of the long-term mean difficult. In the current work the methods, and data record length, required to assess long-term mean microbial count were evaluated by simulation of representative DW and DGD waterborne pathogen count distributions. Also, microbial count data were analyzed spectrally for correlation and cycles. In general, longer data records were required for more highly skewed distributions, conceptually associated with more highly treated water. In particular, 500-1,000 random samples were required for reliable assessment of the population mean +/- 10%, though 50-100 samples produced an estimate within one log (45%) below. A simple correlated first order model was shown to produce count series with 1/f signal, and such periodicity over many scales was shown in empirical microbial count data, for consideration in sampling. A tiered management strategy is recommended, including a plan for rapid response to unusual levels of routinely-monitored water quality indicators. C1 [Englehardt, James D.] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Loewenstine, Chad] US Dept Justice, ERF, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. [Gadzinski, Erik R.] HJ Fdn, Miami, FL 33166 USA. [Ayenu-Prah, Albert Y., Jr.] CDM, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Englehardt, JD (reprint author), Univ Miami, POB 248294, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM jenglehardt@miami.edu FU US Environmental Protection Agency; National Center for Environmental Assessment FX This research was supported in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, and hosted in part by the University of New Hampshire and the University of Delaware during sabbatical residence. Mary Rothermich, Jeff Swartout, Norden Huang, Jim Nearing, and Nii Attoh-Okine are thanked for their generous help and contributions. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 21 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2012 VL 10 IS 2 BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.2166/wh.2012.142 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 964FW UT WOS:000305680400002 PM 22717745 ER PT J AU Hyseni, X Soukup, JM Huang, YCT AF Hyseni, Xhevahire Soukup, Joleen M. Huang, Yuh-Chin T. TI POLLUTANT PARTICLES INDUCE ARGINASE II IN HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; OIL FLY-ASH; RAT ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; INDUCED UP-REGULATION; URBAN AIR-POLLUTION; PARTICULATE MATTER; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; INCREASED EXPRESSION; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES AB Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with adverse pulmonary effects, including induction and exacerbation of asthma. Recently arginase was shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. In this study, it was postulated that PM exposure might induce arginase. Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) obtained from normal individuals by endobronchial brushings cultured on an air-liquid interface were incubated with fine Chapel Hill particles (PM2.5, 100 mu g/ml) for up to 72 h. Arginase activity, protein expression, and mRNA of arginase I and arginase II were measured. PM2.5 increased arginase activity in a time-dependent manner. The rise was primarily due to upregulation of arginase II. PD153035 (10 mu M), an epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor antagonist, attenuated the PM2.5-induced elevation in arginase activity and arginase II expression. Treatment of HBEC with human EGF increased arginase activity and arginase II expression. Pretreatment with catalase (200 U/ml), superoxide dismutase (100 U/ml), or apocynin (5 mu g/ml), an NAD(P) H oxidase inhibitor, did not markedly affect arginase II expression. Treatment of HBEC with arginase II siRNA inhibited the expression of arginase II by 60% and increased IL-8 release induced by PM2.5. These results indicate that PM exposure upregulates arginase II activity and expression in human bronchial epithelial cells, in part via EGF-dependent mechanisms independent of oxidative stress. The elevated arginase II activity and expression may be a mechanism underlying adverse effects induced by PM exposure in asthma patients. C1 [Huang, Yuh-Chin T.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Hyseni, Xhevahire; Soukup, Joleen M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Huang, YCT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, 330 Trent Dr,Hanes House,Rm 105-B, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM huang002@mc.duke.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX The research described in this article was funded by the intramural grant of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has been reviewed by the U.S. EPA and the contents do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S. EPA, nor does mention of the trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 76 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2012 VL 75 IS 11 BP 624 EP 636 DI 10.1080/15287394.2012.688479 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 962OY UT WOS:000305555900002 PM 22712848 ER PT J AU Yu, S Mathur, R Pleim, J Pouliot, G Wong, D Eder, B Schere, K Gilliam, R Rao, ST AF Yu, S. Mathur, R. Pleim, J. Pouliot, G. Wong, D. Eder, B. Schere, K. Gilliam, R. Rao, S. T. TI Comparative evaluation of the impact of WRF/NMM and WRF/ARW meteorology on CMAQ simulations for PM2.5 and its related precursors during the 2006 TexAQS/GoMACCS study SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY MODELS; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOLS; UNITED-STATES; SENSITIVITY; MASS AB This study presents a comparative evaluation of the impact of WRF-NMM and WRF-ARW meteorology on CMAQ simulations of PM2.5, its composition and related precursors over the eastern United States with the intensive observations obtained by aircraft (NOAA WP-3), ship and surface monitoring networks (AIRNow, IMPROVE, CASTNet and STN) during the 2006 TexAQS/GoMACCS study. The results at the AIRNow surface sites show that both ARW-CMAQ and NMM-CMAQ reproduced day-to-day variations of observed PM2.5 and captured the majority of observed PM2.5 within a factor of 2 with a NMB value of -0.4% for ARW-CMAQ and -18% for NMM-CMAQ. Both models performed much better at the urban sites than at the rural sites, with greater underpredictions at the rural sites. Both models consistently underestimated the observed PM2.5 at the rural IMPROVE sites by -1% for the ARW-CMAQ and -19% for the NMM-CMAQ. The greater underestimations of SO42-, OC and EC by the NMM-CMAQ contributed to increased underestimation of PM2.5 at the IMPROVE sites. The NMB values for PM2.5 at the STN urban sites are 15% and -16% for the ARW-CMAQ and NMM-CMAQ, respectively. The underestimation of PM2.5 at the STN sites by the NMM-CMAQ mainly results from the underestimations of the SO42-, NH4+ and TCM components, whereas the overestimation of PM2.5 at the STN sites by the ARW-CMAQ results from the overestimations of SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+. The Comparison with WP-3 aircraft measurements reveals that both ARW-CMAQ and NMM-CMAQ have very similar model performance for vertical profiles for PM2.5 chemical components (SO42-, NH4+) and related gaseous species (HNO3, SO2, NH3, isoprene, toluene, terpenes) as both models used the same chemical mechanisms and emissions. The results of ship along the coast of southeastern Texas over the Gulf of Mexico show that both models captured the temporal variations and broad synoptic change seen in the observed HCHO and acetaldehyde with the means NMB < 30% most of the time but they consistently underestimated terpenes, isoprene, toluene and SO2. C1 [Yu, S.; Mathur, R.; Pleim, J.; Pouliot, G.; Wong, D.; Eder, B.; Schere, K.; Gilliam, R.; Rao, S. T.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Yu, S (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM yu.shaocai@epa.gov RI yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017; OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082; Pouliot, George/0000-0003-3406-4814 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers and J. Godowitch for the constructive and very helpful comments. We also thank Daiwen Kang, Daniel Tong, Jeff McQueen, Pius Lee, Youhua Tang, and Marina Tsidulko for collaboration and critical assistance in performing the forecast simulations. We are grateful to the 2006 TexAQS/GoMACCS investigators for making their measurement data available. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 9 BP 4091 EP 4106 DI 10.5194/acp-12-4091-2012 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 942OT UT WOS:000304055600016 ER PT J AU Grulke, CM Goldsmith, MR Vallero, DA AF Grulke, Christopher M. Goldsmith, Michael-Rock Vallero, Daniel A. TI Toward a Blended Ontology: Applying Knowledge Systems to Compare Therapeutic and Toxicological Nanoscale Domains SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Bionanomedicine and environmental research share need common terms and ontologies. This study applied knowledge systems, data mining, and bibliometrics used in nano-scale ADME research from 1991 to 2011. The prominence of nano-ADME in environmental research began to exceed the publication rate in medical research in 2006. That trend appears to continue as a result of the growing products in commerce using nanotechnology, that is, 5-fold growth in number of countries with nanomaterials research centers. Funding for this research virtually did not exist prior to 2002, whereas today both medical and environmental research is funded globally. Key nanoparticle research began with pharmacology and therapeutic drug-delivery and contrasting agents, but the advances have found utility in the environmental research community. As evidence ultrafine aerosols and aquatic colloids research increased 6-fold, indicating a new emphasis on environmental nanotoxicology. User-directed expert elicitation from the engineering and chemical/ADME domains can be combined with appropriate Boolean logic and queries to define the corpus of nanoparticle interest. The study combined pharmacological expertise and informatics to identify the corpus by building logical conclusions and observations. Publication records informatics can lead to an enhanced understanding the connectivity between fields, as well as overcoming the differences in ontology between the fields. C1 [Grulke, Christopher M.; Goldsmith, Michael-Rock; Vallero, Daniel A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Vallero, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM vallero.daniel@epa.gov RI Geracitano, Laura/E-6926-2013; OI Grulke, Christopher/0000-0001-5606-7560 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1110-7243 J9 J BIOMED BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biomed. Biotechnol. PY 2012 AR 308381 DI 10.1155/2012/308381 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 954ES UT WOS:000304930000001 ER PT J AU Hardy, B Apic, G Carthew, P Clark, D Cook, D Dix, I Escher, S Hastings, J Heard, DJ Jeliazkova, N Judson, P Matis-Mitchell, S Mitic, D Myatt, G Shah, I Spjuth, O Tcheremenskaia, O Toldo, L Watson, D White, A Yang, CH AF Hardy, Barry Apic, Gordana Carthew, Philip Clark, Dominic Cook, David Dix, Ian Escher, Sylvia Hastings, Janna Heard, David J. Jeliazkova, Nina Judson, Philip Matis-Mitchell, Sherri Mitic, Dragana Myatt, Glenn Shah, Imran Spjuth, Ola Tcheremenskaia, Olga Toldo, Luca Watson, David White, Andrew Yang, Chihae TI A Toxicology Ontology Roadmap SO ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Article DE toxicology; ontology; roadmap; interoperability; framework; risk assessment AB Foreign substances can have a dramatic and unpredictable adverse effect on human health. In the development of new therapeutic agents, it is essential that the potential adverse effects of all candidates be identified as early as possible. The field of predictive toxicology strives to profile the potential for adverse effects of novel chemical substances before they occur, both with traditional in vivo experimental approaches and increasingly through the development of in vitro and computational methods which can supplement and reduce the need for animal testing. To be maximally effective, the field needs access to the largest possible knowledge base of previous toxicology findings, and such results need to be made available in such a fashion so as to be interoperable, comparable. and compatible with standard toolkits. This necessitates the development of open, public, computable, and standardized toxicology vocabularies and ontologies so as to support the applications required by in silico, in vitro, and in vivo toxicology methods and related analysis and reporting activities. Such ontology development will support data management, model building, integrated analysis, validation and reporting, including regulatory reporting and alternative testing submission requirements as required by guidelines such as the REACH legislation, leading to new scientific advances in a mechanistically-based predictive toxicology. Numerous existing ontology and standards initiatives can contribute to the creation of a toxicology ontology supporting the needs of predictive toxicology and risk assessment. Additionally, new ontologies are needed to satisfy practical use cases and scenarios where gaps currently exist. Developing and integrating these resources will require a well-coordinated and sustained effort across numerous stakeholders engaged in a public-private partnership. In this communication, we set out a roadmap for the development of an integrated toxicology ontology, harnessing existing resources where applicable. We describe the stakeholders' requirements analysis from the academic and industry perspectives, timelines, and expected benefits of this initiative, with a view to engagement with the wider community. C1 [Hardy, Barry] Douglas Connect & OpenTox, Zeiningen, Switzerland. [Apic, Gordana; Mitic, Dragana] Cambridge Cell Networks, Cambridge, England. [Carthew, Philip; White, Andrew] Unilever, Sharnbrook, Beds, England. [Clark, Dominic; Hastings, Janna] EMBL, European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. [Cook, David; Dix, Ian; Matis-Mitchell, Sherri] AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. [Escher, Sylvia] Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med, Hannover, Germany. [Jeliazkova, Nina] Ideaconsult Ltd, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Heard, David J.] Novartis, Basel, Switzerland. [Judson, Philip; Watson, David] Lhasa Ltd, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Myatt, Glenn] Leadscope, Columbus, OH USA. [Shah, Imran] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Spjuth, Ola] Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. [Tcheremenskaia, Olga] Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Toldo, Luca] Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. [Yang, Chihae] Altamira, Columbus, OH USA. RP Hardy, B (reprint author), Douglas Connect, Baermeggenweg 14, CH-4314 Zeiningen, Switzerland. EM Barry.Hardy@douglasconnect.com RI Toldo, Luca/A-3784-2013 OI Toldo, Luca/0000-0003-2027-5717 FU EU [HEALTH-2007-1.3-3, Health-F5-2008-200787]; Innovative Medicines Initiative [110 115002] FX OpenTox - An Open Source Predictive Toxicology Framework, www.opentox.org, was funded under the EU Seventh Framework Program: HEALTH-2007-1.3-3 Promotion, development, validation, acceptance and implementation of QSARs (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships) for toxicology, Project Reference Number Health-F5-2008-200787 (2008-2011). The research leading to these results has received support from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement 110 115002, resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and EFPIA companies in kind contribution. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPEKTRUM AKADEMISCHER VERLAG-SPRINGER-VERLAG GMBH PI HEILDEBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, HEILDEBERG, 69121, GERMANY SN 1868-596X J9 ALTEX-ALTERN ANIM EX JI ALTEX-Altern. Anim. Exp. PY 2012 VL 29 IS 2 BP 129 EP 137 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 948HT UT WOS:000304494900003 PM 22562486 ER PT J AU Hardy, B Apic, G Carthew, P Clark, D Cook, D Dix, I Escher, S Hastings, J Heard, DJ Jeliazkova, N Judson, P Matis-Mitchell, S Mitic, D Myatt, G Shah, I Spjuth, O Tcheremenskaia, O Toldo, L Watson, D White, A Yang, CH AF Hardy, Barry Apic, Gordana Carthew, Philip Clark, Dominic Cook, David Dix, Ian Escher, Sylvia Hastings, Janna Heard, David J. Jeliazkova, Nina Judson, Philip Matis-Mitchell, Sherri Mitic, Dragana Myatt, Glenn Shah, Imran Spjuth, Ola Tcheremenskaia, Olga Toldo, Luca Watson, David White, Andrew Yang, Chihae TI Toxicology Ontology Perspectives SO ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Article DE toxicology; ontology; framework; data resources; software applications ID ALTERNATIVE METHODS; SUPPORT AB The field of predictive toxicology requires the development of open, public, computable, standardized toxicology vocabularies and ontologies to support the applications required by in silico, in vitro, and in vivo toxicology methods and related analysis and reporting activities. In this article we review ontology developments based on a set of perspectives showing how ontologies are being used in predictive toxicology initiatives and applications. Perspectives on resources and initiatives reviewed include OpenTox, eTOX, Pistoia Alliance, ToxWiz, Virtual Liver, EU-ADR, BEL, ToxML, and Bioclipse. We also review existing ontology developments in neighboring fields that can contribute to establishing an ontological framework for predictive toxicology. A significant set of resources is already available to provide a foundation for an ontological framework for 21st century mechanistic-based toxicology research. Ontologies such as ToxWiz provide a basis for application to toxicology investigations, whereas other ontologies under development in the biological, chemical, and biomedical communities could be incorporated in an extended future framework. OpenTox has provided a semantic web framework for the implementation of such ontologies into software applications and linked data resources. Bioclipse developers have shown the benefit of interoperability obtained through ontology by being able to link their workbench application with remote OpenTox web services. Although these developments are promising, an increased international coordination of efforts is greatly needed to develop a more unified, standardized, and open toxicology ontology framework. C1 [Hardy, Barry] Douglas Connect & OpenTox, Zeiningen, Switzerland. [Apic, Gordana; Mitic, Dragana] Cambridge Cell Networks, Cambridge, England. [Carthew, Philip; White, Andrew] Unilever, Sharnbrook, Beds, England. [Clark, Dominic; Hastings, Janna] EMBL, European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. [Cook, David; Dix, Ian; Matis-Mitchell, Sherri] AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. [Escher, Sylvia] Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med, Hannover, Germany. [Heard, David J.] Novartis, Basel, Switzerland. [Jeliazkova, Nina] Ideaconsult, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Judson, Philip; Watson, David] Lhasa Ltd, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Myatt, Glenn] Leadscope, Columbus, OH USA. [Shah, Imran] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Spjuth, Ola] Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. [Tcheremenskaia, Olga] Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Toldo, Luca] Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. [Yang, Chihae] Altamira, Columbus, OH USA. RP Hardy, B (reprint author), Douglas Connect, Baermeggenweg 14, CH-4314 Zeiningen, Switzerland. EM Barry.Hardy@douglasconnect.com RI Toldo, Luca/A-3784-2013 OI Toldo, Luca/0000-0003-2027-5717 FU EU [HEALTH-2007-1.3-3, Health-F5-2008-200787]; Innovative Medicines Initiative [115002] FX OpenTox - An Open Source Predictive Toxicology Framework, www.opentox.org, was funded under the EU Seventh Framework Program: HEALTH-2007-1.3-3 Promotion, development, validation, acceptance and implementation of QSARs (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships) for toxicology, Project Reference Number Health-F5-2008-200787 (2008-2011). The research leading to these results has received support from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no 115002, resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and EFPIA companies' in kind contribution. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPEKTRUM AKADEMISCHER VERLAG-SPRINGER-VERLAG GMBH PI HEILDEBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, HEILDEBERG, 69121, GERMANY SN 1868-596X J9 ALTEX-ALTERN ANIM EX JI ALTEX-Altern. Anim. Exp. PY 2012 VL 29 IS 2 BP 139 EP 156 PG 18 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 948HT UT WOS:000304494900004 PM 22562487 ER PT J AU Bal-Price, AK Coecke, S Costa, L Crofton, KM Fritsche, E Goldberg, A Grandjean, P Lein, PJ Li, A Lucchini, R Mundy, WR Padilla, S Persico, AM Seiler, AEM Kreysa, J AF Bal-Price, Anna K. Coecke, Sandra Costa, Lucio Crofton, Kevin M. Fritsche, Ellen Goldberg, Alan Grandjean, Philippe Lein, Pamela J. Li, Abby Lucchini, Roberto Mundy, William R. Padilla, Stephanie Persico, Antonio M. Seiler, Andrea E. M. Kreysa, Joachim TI Advancing the Science of Developmental Neurotoxicity (DNT): Testing for Better Safety Evaluation SO ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Article ID NEURAL PROGENITOR CELLS; UMBILICAL-CORD BLOOD; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; IN-VITRO; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; STEM-CELLS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; INDUSTRIAL-CHEMICALS; ALTERNATIVE METHODS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE C1 [Bal-Price, Anna K.; Coecke, Sandra; Kreysa, Joachim] EC Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, Validat Alternat Methods Unit, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Costa, Lucio] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Crofton, Kevin M.; Mundy, William R.; Padilla, Stephanie] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Fritsche, Ellen] IUF Leibniz Res Inst Environm Med, Dusseldorf, Germany. [Fritsche, Ellen] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Aachen, Germany. [Goldberg, Alan] Johns Hopkins Univ, CAAT, Baltimore, MD USA. [Grandjean, Philippe] Univ So Denmark, Dept Environm Med, Inst Publ Hlth, Odense, Denmark. [Lein, Pamela J.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Li, Abby] Exponent Hlth Sci, San Francisco, CA USA. [Lucchini, Roberto] Univ Brescia, Sect Occupat Hlth & Ind Hyg, Dept Expt & Appl Med, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. [Persico, Antonio M.] Univ Campus Biomed, Rome, Italy. [Persico, Antonio M.] IRCCS Fdn Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy. [Seiler, Andrea E. M.] ZEBET Alternat Methods Anim Expt, Fed Inst Risk Assessment BfR, Berlin, Germany. RP Bal-Price, AK (reprint author), EC Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, Validat Alternat Methods Unit, TP 580,Via E Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. EM anna.price@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Lucchini, Roberto/0000-0002-9723-0237; Grandjean, Philippe/0000-0003-4046-9658 NR 101 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPEKTRUM AKADEMISCHER VERLAG-SPRINGER-VERLAG GMBH PI HEILDEBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, HEILDEBERG, 69121, GERMANY SN 1868-596X J9 ALTEX-ALTERN ANIM EX JI ALTEX-Altern. Anim. Exp. PY 2012 VL 29 IS 2 BP 202 EP 215 PG 14 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 948HT UT WOS:000304494900008 PM 22892558 ER PT J AU Baig, RBN Varma, RS AF Baig, R. B. Nasir Varma, Rajender S. TI A facile one-pot synthesis of ruthenium hydroxide nanoparticles on magnetic silica: aqueous hydration of nitriles to amides SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CATALYZED HYDRATION; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST; NATURAL PHOSPHATE; HYDROXYAPATITE; HYDROLYSIS; CHEMISTRY; MICROWAVE; OXIDATION; WATER; TRANSFORMATION AB One-pot synthesis of ruthenium hydroxide nanoparticles on magnetic silica is described which involves the in situ generation of magnetic silica (Fe3O4@SiO2) and ruthenium hydroxide immobilization; the hydration of nitriles occurs in high yield and excellent selectivity using this catalyst which proceeds exclusively in aqueous medium under neutral conditions. C1 [Baig, R. B. Nasir; Varma, Rajender S.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@.epa.gov FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory FX Nasir Baig R. B. was supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 53 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 46 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 50 BP 6220 EP 6222 DI 10.1039/c2cc32566g PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 948EQ UT WOS:000304486800003 PM 22592337 ER PT B AU Fenton, SE Beck, LM Borde, AR Rayner, JL AF Fenton, Suzanne E. Beck, Lydia M. Borde, Aditi R. Rayner, Jennifer L. BE DiamantiKandarakis, E Gore, AC TI Developmental Exposure to Environmental Endocrine Disruptors and Adverse Effects on Mammary Gland Development SO ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS AND PUBERTY SE Contemporary Endocrinology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Breast; Endocrine disruptor; Lactation; Mammary gland; Terminal end buds; Tumor development ID BISPHENOL-A ALTERS; RESTRICTED GESTATIONAL EXPOSURES; BREAST-CANCER RISK; LONG-EVANS RATS; FEMALE RAT; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; IN-UTERO; NEONATAL EXPOSURE; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; GROWTH-FACTOR AB The breast or mammary gland is an organ highly dependent upon hormones and other endogenous growth catalysts for normal development. Environmental chemical exposures have been associated with altered breast developmental timing in populations of girls, and several chemicals and dietary agents are known to induce delayed or accelerated mammary gland development in rodent models. These alterations in development are more likely to occur if exposure to endocrine disruptors coincides with periods of rapid cellular proliferation. These periods of growth include prenatal, peripubertal, and pregnant/lactational mammary development. This chapter will outline the studies that have shown significant effects of environmental chemicals on mammary gland development in rodent models and discuss the relationship of these data to later life adverse health repercussions. C1 [Fenton, Suzanne E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Beck, Lydia M.; Borde, Aditi R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Summers Discovery Internship Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Beck, Lydia M.] Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Columbia, MO USA. [Rayner, Jennifer L.] SRC Inc, Arlington, VA USA. RP Fenton, SE (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fentonse@niehs.nih.gov NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-60761-560-6 J9 CONTEMP ENDOCRINOL S PY 2012 BP 201 EP 224 DI 10.1007/978-1-60761-561-3_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-60761-561-3 PG 24 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BYU27 UT WOS:000300380600007 ER PT J AU Xu, J Zhang, JSS Liu, XY Gao, Z AF Xu, Jing Zhang, Jianshun S. Liu, Xiaoyu Gao, Zhi TI Determination of partition and diffusion coefficients of formaldehyde in selected building materials and impact of relative humidity SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; VOC EMISSIONS; TEMPERATURE; AIR; MODEL AB The partition and effective diffusion coefficients of formaldehyde were measured for three materials (conventional gypsum wallboard, "green" gypsum wallboard, and "green" carpet) under three relative humidity (RH) conditions (20%, 50%, and 70% RH). The "green" materials contained recycled materials and were friendly to environment. A dynamic dual-chamber test method was used. Results showed that a higher relative humidity led to a larger effective diffusion coefficient for two kinds of wallboards and carpet. The carpet was also found to be very permeable resulting in an effective diffusion coefficient at the same order of magnitude with the formaldehyde diffusion coefficient in air. The partition coefficient (K-ma) of formaldehyde in conventional wallboard was 1.52 times larger at 50% RH than at 20% RH, whereas it decreased slightly from 50% to 70% RH, presumably due to the combined effects of water solubility of formaldehyde and micro-pore blocking by condensed moisture at the high RH level. The partition coefficient of formaldehyde increased slightly with the increase of relative humidity in "green" wallboard and "green" carpet. At the same relative humidity level, the "green" wallboard had larger partition coefficient and effective diffusion coefficient than the conventional wallboard, presumably due to the micro-pore structure differences between the two materials. The data generated could be used to assess the sorption effects of formaldehyde on building materials and to evaluate its impact on the formaldehyde concentration in buildings. Implications: Based on the results of this study, the sink effects of these commonly used materials (conventional and "green" gypsum wallboards, "green" carpet) on indoor formaldehyde concentration could be estimated. The effects of relative humidity on the diffusion and partition coefficients of formaldehyde were found to differ for materials and for different humidity levels, indicating the need for further investigation of the mechanisms through which humidity effects take place. C1 [Xu, Jing; Zhang, Jianshun S.; Gao, Zhi] Syracuse Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Liu, Xiaoyu] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Xu, J (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM jxu09@syr.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This study was financially supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 37 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 6 BP 671 EP 679 DI 10.1080/10962247.2012.665812 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 948EM UT WOS:000304486400007 PM 22788105 ER PT J AU Krzyzynska, R Hutson, ND AF Krzyzynska, Renata Hutson, Nick D. TI The importance of the location of sodium chlorite application in a multipollutant flue gas cleaning system SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SIMULTANEOUS REMOVAL; WET SCRUBBER; SO2; NOX; ABSORPTION; DIOXIDE; HG AB In this study, removing sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and mercury (Hg) from simulated flue gas was investigated in two laboratory-sized bubbling reactors that simulated an oxidizing reactor (where the NO and Hg-0 oxidation reactions are expected to occur) and a wet limestone scrubber, respectively. A sodium chlorite solution was used as the oxidizing agent. The sodium chlorite solution was an effective additive that enhanced the NOx, Hg, and SO2 capture from the flue gas. Furthermore, it was discovered that the location of the sodium chlorite application (before, in, or after the wet scrubber) greatly influences which pollutants are removed and the amount removed. This effect is related to the chemical conditions (pH, absence/presence of particular gases) that are present at different positions throughout the flue gas cleaning system profile. The research results indicated that there is a potential to achieve nearly zero SO2, NOx, and Hg emissions (complete SO2, NO, and Hg removals and similar to 90% of NOx absorption from initial values of 1500 ppmv of SO2, 200 ppmv of NOx, and 206 mg/m(3) of Hg-0) from the flue gas when sodium chlorite was applied before the wet limestone scrubber. However, applying the oxidizer after the wet limestone scrubber was the most effective configuration for Hg and NOx control for extremely low chlorite concentrations (below 0.002 M) and therefore appears to be the best configuration for Hg control or as an additional step in NOx recleaning (after other NOx control facilities). The multipollutant scrubber, into which the chlorite was injected simultaneously with the calcium carbonate slurry, appeared to be the least expensive solution (when consider only capital cost), but exhibited the lowest NOx absorption at similar to 50%. The bench-scale test results presented can be used to develop performance predictions for a full- or pilot-scale multipollutant flue gas cleaning system equipped with wet flue gas desulfurization scrubber. Implications: The control of NOx, Hg, and SO2 emissions from coal-fired combustors is an important, worldwide concern affecting environmental pollution. In both the European Union and the United States, NOx and SO2 emissions are subject to newly tightened emission limits. This paper investigated the NOx, Hg, and SO2 removals in a flue gas cleaning system equipped with a classical wet limestone scrubber, enhanced by a solution of sodium chlorite. This paper demonstrated that the location at which the sodium chlorite is applied in a flue gas cleaning system affects the control of these pollutants and discusses how possible solutions could be practically implemented. C1 [Krzyzynska, Renata] Wroclaw Univ Technol, Dept Environm Engn, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. [Hutson, Nick D.] US EPA, Energy Strategies Grp, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Krzyzynska, R (reprint author), Wroclaw Univ Technol, Dept Environm Engn, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. EM renata.krzyzynska@pwr.wroc.pl FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Office of Air and Radiation [OAR] and Office of Research and Development [ORD]); Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education FX This work was supported by funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Office of Air and Radiation [OAR] and Office of Research and Development [ORD]) and by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. Mention of trade names of commercial products and companies does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 6 BP 707 EP 716 DI 10.1080/10962247.2012.668158 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 948EM UT WOS:000304486400011 PM 22788109 ER PT J AU Volkenborn, N Polerecky, L Wethey, DS DeWitt, TH Woodin, SA AF Volkenborn, N. Polerecky, L. Wethey, D. S. DeWitt, T. H. Woodin, S. A. TI Hydraulic activities by ghost shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis induce oxic-anoxic oscillations in sediments SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Bioturbation; Bioirrigation; Bioadvection; Redox oscillations; Oxygen dynamics; Infaunal behavior; Burrowing; Thalassinidea; Neotrypaea californiensis ID CALLIANASSA-SUBTERRANEA DECAPODA; COASTAL MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS; ARENICOLA-MARINA; ORGANIC-MATTER; THALASSINIDEAN SHRIMPS; UPOGEBIA-PUGETTENSIS; BURROW VENTILATION; CRUSTACEA-THALASSINIDEA; REDOX OSCILLATION AB Porewater pressure sensing, time-lapse photography, and planar optode imaging of oxygen were applied to investigate hydraulic activities by thalassinidean ghost shrimp Neo trypaea californiensis and the associated dynamics of oxygen in and around their burrows. Ghost shrimp were hydraulically active 40% of the time. For >90% of this time the sediment was pressurized, which caused transport of oxygenated water into the burrow and the surrounding sediment, and transport of anoxic water through the sediment-water interface. Sediment blow-outs and irrigation episodes with the shrimp in head-down orientation caused flow reversals and porewater transport towards the burrow. At sediment permeabilities >2 x 10(-1)3 m(2) these porewater pressure dynamics were detected throughout the entire sediment volume within the shrimp tanks (6 l) even if a second burrow opening was established. Intermittent burrow irrigation performed at different locales within the burrow was sufficient to maintain oxic conditions during >90% of the time in burrow parts frequented by the shrimp. In contrast, sediment surrounding the burrows and surficial sediment were characterized by irregular oxygen supply, with oxic and anoxic conditions alternating on the time-scale of 1 to 1.5 times h(-1). The oscillatory regions around the burrows were restricted to a few millimeters in muddy sediments, but extended up to 4 cm away from the burrow in more permeable sediments. The oscillatory character of porewater chemistry in the presence of hydraulically active organisms is expected to have significant effects on microbial diversity and biogeochemical processes in marine sediments. C1 [Volkenborn, N.; Wethey, D. S.; Woodin, S. A.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Polerecky, L.] Max Planck Inst Marine Microbiol, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [DeWitt, T. H.] US EPA, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Volkenborn, N (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, 715 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM nils@biol.sc.edu RI Polerecky, Lubos/E-1134-2014; Wethey, David/K-8063-2014; Woodin, Sarah/K-8481-2014 OI Polerecky, Lubos/0000-0003-4425-585X; Wethey, David/0000-0002-2549-1606; Woodin, Sarah/0000-0001-5615-2212 FU NSF [OCE 0928002]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-0310352]; NOAA [NA04NOS4780264]; Max Planck Society; US Environmental Protection Agency FX Supported by NSF (OCE 0928002), the Office of Naval Research (N00014-0310352), NOAA (NA04NOS4780264), the Max Planck Society, and the US Environmental Protection Agency. We thank the staff at the Pacific Coastal Ecology Branch of EPA for logistical support. N.V., S.A.W., D.S.W., L.P., and T.H.D. contributed to the experimental design and writing, which was led by N.V. and L.P.; data collection was done by N.V., S.A.W., and D.S.W.; data analysis was led by N.V. and L.P.; L.P. wrote the optode data capture and redox oscillation analysis software; D.S.W. and S.A.W. built the pressure sensor system; D.S.W. and L.P. wrote the pressure/infaunal behavior analysis software. The original idea for the project stemmed from a conversation initiated by S.A.W. with T.H.D. We gratefully acknowledge comments on the manuscript given by Simon Thrush and Bob Ozretich, and 4 anonymous reviewers. The information in this document has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or NR 66 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 455 BP 141 EP + DI 10.3354/meps09645 PG 22 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 949WI UT WOS:000304607100010 ER PT J AU Kopits, E McConnell, V Miles, D AF Kopits, Elizabeth McConnell, Virginia Miles, Daniel TI Lot size, zoning, and household preferences SO HOUSING POLICY DEBATE LA English DT Article DE land use/zoning; smart growth; suburban ID DENSITY; PRICES; MARKETS; SPRAWL; SPACE; CURE AB Urban density is a key feature of urban structure, and there is continuing interest in what determines density and how it might be influenced over time. Residential lot sizes are the underlying determinant of urban density, and lot sizes are determined by complex interactions of supply and demand forces. This article attempts to shed light on the extent to which lot size has been influenced by regulatory constraints, such as zoning rules or consumer preferences, drawing on data from the large metropolitan area surrounding Washington, DC. We find that new single-family development has been built on large lots, averaging in recent years between one half and one full acre, and that there is some evidence of convergence between inner and outer suburbs in lot sizes in new development over time. Our more detailed comparison of actual to allowable density using subdivision-level data reveals that developers only appear to be constrained by zoning rules in areas where regulations require that lots be larger than two acres. Finally, the hedonic analysis confirms that household preferences for larger lots are strong, but the value of additional acreage seems to be decreasing over time, in at least one inner suburban county. C1 [Kopits, Elizabeth] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [McConnell, Virginia] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Econ, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Miles, Daniel] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Publ Policy, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Kopits, E (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, 1200 Penn Ave NW,MC 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM kopits.elizabeth@epa.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1051-1482 J9 HOUS POLICY DEBATE JI Hous. Policy Debate PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 BP 153 EP 173 DI 10.1080/10511482.2011.648203 PG 21 WC Planning & Development; Urban Studies SC Public Administration; Urban Studies GA 946SG UT WOS:000304374000004 ER PT J AU Brattin, W Barry, T Foster, S AF Brattin, William Barry, Timothy Foster, Stiven TI Estimation of the Upper Confidence Limit on the Mean of Datasets with Count-Based Concentration Values SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE UCL; asbestos; CB-UCL AB Mathematical approaches are not well established for calculating the upper confidence limit (UCL) of the mean of a set of concentration values that have been measured using a count-based analytical approach such as is commonly used for asbestos in air. This is because the uncertainty around the sample mean is determined not only by the authentic between-sample variation (sampling error), but also by random Poisson variation that occurs in the measurement of sample concentrations (measurement error). This report describes a computer-based application, referred to as CB-UCL, that supports the estimation of UCL values for asbestos and other count-based samples sets, with special attention to datasets with relatively small numbers of samples and relatively low counts (including datasets with all-zero count samples). Evaluation of the performance of the application with a range of test datasets indicates the application is useful for deriving UCL estimates for datasets of this type. C1 [Foster, Stiven] US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Brattin, William] SRC Inc, Denver, CO USA. [Barry, Timothy] US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Foster, S (reprint author), US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, Ariel Rios Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 5103T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Foster.stiven@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response FX This project was sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. SRC, Inc. is a contractor for USEPA. The authors declare there are no specific potential competing financial interests as a consequence of employment. The opinions expressed in this report are not necessarily those of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2012 VL 18 IS 2 BP 435 EP 455 DI 10.1080/10807039.2012.652469 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 946CI UT WOS:000304326400010 ER PT J AU Pan, FF McKane, RB Stieglitz, M AF Pan, Feifei McKane, Robert B. Stieglitz, Marc TI Identification of optimal soil hydraulic functions and parameters for predicting soil moisture SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; Richards equation; soil hydraulic functions; soil parameters; macropore; soil pore size distribution index ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; BOUNDARY-LAYER DEVELOPMENT; SPATIALLY-VARIABLE WATER; ENERGY-BALANCE PROCESSES; VEGETATION; REPRESENTATION; PRECIPITATION; CONDUCTIVITY; INFILTRATION; SENSITIVITY AB The accuracy of six combined methods formed by three commonly-used soil hydraulic functions and two methods to determine soil hydraulic parameters based on a soil hydraulic parameter look-up table and soil pedotransfer functions was examined for simulating soil moisture. A novel data analysis and modelling approach was used that eliminated the effects of evapotranspiration so that specific sources of error among the six combined methods could be identified and quantified. By comparing simulated and observed soil moisture at six sites of the USDA Soil Climate Analysis Network, we identified the optimal soil hydraulic functions and parameters for predicting soil moisture. Through sensitivity tests, we also showed that adjusting only the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, K-s, is insufficient for representing important effects of macropores on soil hydraulic conductivity. Our analysis illustrates that, in general, soil hydraulic conductivity is less sensitive to K-s than to the soil pore-size distribution parameter. C1 [Pan, Feifei] Univ N Texas, Dept Geog, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [McKane, Robert B.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Stieglitz, Marc] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Stieglitz, Marc] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Pan, FF (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Geog, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM feifei.pan@unt.edu RI Pan, Feifei/D-3370-2015 OI Pan, Feifei/0000-0003-4373-7566 FU University of North Texas (UNT); US Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was partially supported by the University of North Texas (UNT) Research Initiative Grant (RIG) (Pan). The information in this document has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 EI 2150-3435 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PY 2012 VL 57 IS 4 BP 723 EP 737 DI 10.1080/02626667.2012.674642 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 947TI UT WOS:000304453300008 ER PT S AU Ulrich, EM Morrison, CN Goldsmith, MR Foreman, WT AF Ulrich, Elin M. Morrison, Candice N. Goldsmith, Michael R. Foreman, William T. BE Whitacre, DM TI Chiral Pesticides: Identification, Description, and Environmental Implications SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 217 SE Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID SPHINGOMONAS-HERBICIDOVORANS MH; ENANTIOSELECTIVE DEGRADATION; ENANTIOMERIC COMPOSITION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ATTRACTANT PHEROMONE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR DATABASE; SURFACE-WATER; PINE-BEETLE; SEPARATION C1 [Ulrich, Elin M.; Goldsmith, Michael R.] US EPA EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Morrison, Candice N.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Morrison, Candice N.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Foreman, William T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ulrich, EM (reprint author), US EPA EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Maildrop D205-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ulrich.elin@epa.gov FU EAPO CDC HHS [EP08D000135] NR 73 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 83 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0179-5953 BN 978-1-4614-2328-7 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 2012 VL 217 BP 1 EP 74 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-2329-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-14614-2329-4 PG 74 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BAD89 UT WOS:000303895500001 PM 22350557 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Bennett-Stamper, C White, C Lytle, D AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Bennett-Stamper, Christina White, Colin Lytle, Darren TI Multifunctional silver coated E-33/iron oxide water filters: Inhibition of biofilm growth and arsenic removal SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; GREEN SYNTHESIS; NANOPARTICLES AB Bayoxide (R) E33 (E-33) is a widely used commercial material for arsenic adsorption composed of a mixture of iron oxyhydroxide and oxides. Primarily used to remove arsenic from water, it is a non-magnetic, iron oxyhydroxide/oxide used in fixed bed pressure filters that generally lack multi-functionality. Like other adsorptive media, it is subject to surface fouling by precipitates, including iron and manganese, and biofilms that can create diffusion limitations. Modifying the surface of E-33 with silver nanoparticles to enhance the material properties could add multi-functionality and be beneficial, providing that the original arsenic adsorption properties are not compromised. Commercially available arsenic adsorption media (E-33) was combined to create core-shell composites, i.e. silver coated goethite (in magnetic and non magnetic forms), that is capable of removing arsenic, acting as an antibacterial, and has magnetic properties. Several green approaches were developed to prepare the silver coated goethite and it was tested for arsenic removal and antibacterial activity. Samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray florescence spectroscopy (XRF), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Bennett-Stamper, Christina; White, Colin; Lytle, Darren] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Nadagouda, MN (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Nadagouda.mallikarjuna@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2012 VL 2 IS 10 BP 4198 EP 4204 DI 10.1039/c2ra01306a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 946CP UT WOS:000304327300027 ER PT J AU Baig, RBN Varma, RS AF Baig, R. B. Nasir Varma, Rajender S. TI Stereo- and regio-selective one-pot synthesis of triazole-based unnatural amino acids and beta-amino triazoles SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; CLICK CHEMISTRY; AQUEOUS-MEDIUM; 1,3-DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITIONS; MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY; TERMINAL ALKYNES; FACILE ENTRY; SOLID-PHASE; MICROWAVE; AZIDES AB Synthesis of triazole based unnatural amino acids and beta-amino triazoles has been described via a stereo and regioselective one-pot multi-component reaction of sulfamidates, sodium azide, and alkynes under MW conditions. The developed method is applicable to a broad substrate scope and has significant potential for the synthesis of unnatural amino acids with a triazole side chain. C1 [Baig, R. B. Nasir; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@.epa.gov FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory FX Nasir Baig R. B. was supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 53 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 47 BP 5853 EP 5855 DI 10.1039/c2cc32392c PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 943PF UT WOS:000304135900013 PM 22572790 ER PT J AU Kou, JH Saha, A Bennett-Stamper, C Varma, RS AF Kou, Jiahui Saha, Amit Bennett-Stamper, Christina Varma, Rajender S. TI Inside-out core-shell architecture: controllable fabrication of Cu2O@Cu with high activity for the Sonogashira coupling reaction SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID COPPER; TRANSFORMATION; NANOPARTICLES; CU/CU2O AB Inside-out core-shell architectures (Cu2O@Cu) with a Cu2O core and a Cu shell, which are in contrast to the normally reported Cu2O-outside structure (Cu@Cu2O), were fabricated. This strategy can also be applied to construct square and hexapod Cu2O@Cu. The obtained Cu2O@Cu composite exhibits excellent catalytic activity for the Sonogashira coupling reactions. C1 [Kou, Jiahui; Saha, Amit; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Bennett-Stamper, Christina] US EPA, Water Supply Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kou, JH (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 64 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 47 BP 5862 EP 5864 DI 10.1039/c2cc31577g PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 943PF UT WOS:000304135900016 PM 22572855 ER PT J AU Wong, DC Pleim, J Mathur, R Binkowski, F Otte, T Gilliam, R Pouliot, G Xiu, A Young, JO Kang, D AF Wong, D. C. Pleim, J. Mathur, R. Binkowski, F. Otte, T. Gilliam, R. Pouliot, G. Xiu, A. Young, J. O. Kang, D. TI WRF-CMAQ two-way coupled system with aerosol feedback: software development and preliminary results SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION; PART II; CHEMISTRY; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS; CLOUDS AB Air quality models such as the EPA Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) require meteorological data as part of the input to drive the chemistry and transport simulation. The Meteorology-Chemistry Interface Processor (MCIP) is used to convert meteorological data into CMAQ-ready input. Key shortcoming of such one-way coupling include: excessive temporal interpolation of coarsely saved meteorological input and lack of feedback of atmospheric pollutant loading on simulated dynamics. We have developed a two-way coupled system to address these issues. A single source code principle was used to construct this two-way coupling system so that CMAQ can be consistently executed as a stand-alone model or part of the coupled system without any code changes; this approach eliminates maintenance of separate code versions for the coupled and uncoupled systems. The design also provides the flexibility to permit users: (1) to adjust the call frequency of WRF and CMAQ to balance the accuracy of the simulation versus computational intensity of the system, and (2) to execute the two-way coupling system with feedbacks to study the effect of gases and aerosols on short wave radiation and subsequent simulated dynamics. Details on the development and implementation of this two-way coupled system are provided. When the coupled system is executed without radiative feedback, computational time is virtually identical when using the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM) radiation option and a slightly increased (similar to 8.5%) when using the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for GCMs (RRTMG) radiation option in the coupled system compared to the offline WRF-CMAQ system. Once the feedback mechanism is turned on, the execution time increases only slightly with CAM but increases about 60% with RRTMG due to the use of a more detailed Mie calculation in this implementation of feedback mechanism. This two-way model with radiative feedback shows noticeably reduced bias in simulated surface shortwave radiation and 2-m temperatures as well improved correlation of simulated ambient ozone and PM2.5 relative to observed values for a test case with significant tropospheric aerosol loading from California wildfires. C1 [Wong, D. C.; Pleim, J.; Mathur, R.; Otte, T.; Gilliam, R.; Pouliot, G.; Young, J. O.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Binkowski, F.; Xiu, A.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kang, D.] Comp Sci Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wong, DC (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wong.david-c@epa.gov RI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017; OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082; Spero, Tanya/0000-0002-1600-0422; Pouliot, George/0000-0003-3406-4814 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. NR 39 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 50 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 299 EP 312 DI 10.5194/gmd-5-299-2012 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 942QD UT WOS:000304060600003 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Capps, SL Hu, Y Nenes, A Napelenok, SL Russell, AG AF Zhang, W. Capps, S. L. Hu, Y. Nenes, A. Napelenok, S. L. Russell, A. G. TI Development of the high-order decoupled direct method in three dimensions for particulate matter: enabling advanced sensitivity analysis in air quality models SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; CMAQ MODEL; ISORROPIA; SYSTEM; OZONE; PARTICLES; MOUNTAINS; EMISSIONS AB The high-order decoupled direct method in three dimensions for particulate matter (HDDM-3D/PM) has been implemented in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to enable advanced sensitivity analysis. The major effort of this work is to develop high-order DDM sensitivity analysis of ISORROPIA, the inorganic aerosol module of CMAQ. A case-specific approach has been applied, and the sensitivities of activity coefficients and water content are explicitly computed. Stand-alone tests are performed for ISORROPIA by comparing the sensitivities (first- and second-order) computed by HDDM and the brute force (BF) approximations. Similar comparison has also been carried out for CMAQ sensitivities simulated using a week-long winter episode for a continental US domain. Second-order sensitivities of aerosol species (e.g., sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) with respect to domain-wide SO2, NOx, and NH3 emissions show agreement with BF results, yet exhibit less noise in locations where BF results are demonstrably inaccurate. Second-order sensitivity analysis elucidates poorly understood nonlinear responses of secondary inorganic aerosols to their precursors and competing species. Adding second-order sensitivity terms to the Taylor series projection of the nitrate concentrations with a 50% reduction in domain-wide NOx or SO2 emissions rates improves the prediction with statistical significance. C1 [Zhang, W.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Capps, S. L.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hu, Y.; Russell, A. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Napelenok, S. L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM wxzhang@gatech.edu RI Napelenok, Sergey/I-7986-2014; Hu, Yongtao/H-7543-2016; Capps, Shannon/E-5602-2017 OI Napelenok, Sergey/0000-0002-7038-7445; Hu, Yongtao/0000-0002-5161-0592; Capps, Shannon/0000-0002-6872-6604 FU Conoco-Phillips Inc.; US EPA [RD83215910, RD83362601, RD83096001, RD82897602, RD83107601] FX This research was made possible by funding from Conoco-Phillips Inc. and US EPA (Grant numbers: RD83215910, RD83362601, RD83096001, RD82897602, and RD83107601). NR 41 TC 16 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 355 EP 368 DI 10.5194/gmd-5-355-2012 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 942QD UT WOS:000304060600007 ER PT J AU Pleil, JD AF Pleil, Joachim D. TI CATEGORIZING BIOMARKERS OF THE HUMAN EXPOSOME AND DEVELOPING METRICS FOR ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; URINARY BIOMARKERS; UNEXPOSED SUBJECTS; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; CANCER-RESEARCH; RISK-ASSESSMENT; HUMAN-DISEASES; JET FUEL; EXPOSURE AB The concept of maintaining environmental sustainability broadly encompasses all human activities that impact the global environment, including the production of energy, use and management of finite resources such as petrochemicals, metals, food production (farmland, fresh and ocean waters), and potable water sources (rivers, lakes, aquifers), as well as preserving the diversity of the surrounding ecosystems. The ultimate concern is how one can manage Spaceship Earth in the long term to sustain the life, health, and welfare of the human species and the planet's flora and fauna. On a more intimate scale, one needs to consider the human interaction with the environment as expressed in the form of the exposome, which is defined as all exogenous and endogenous exposures from conception onward, including exposures from diet, lifestyle, and internal biology, as a quantity of critical interest to disease etiology. Current status and subsequent changes in the measurable components of the exposome, the human biomarkers, could thus conceivably be used to assess the sustainability of the environmental conditions with respect to human health. The basic theory is that a shift away from sustainability will be reflected in outlier measurements of human biomarkers. In this review, the philosophy of long-term environmental sustainability is explored in the context of human biomarker measurements and how empirical data can be collected and interpreted to assess if solutions to existing environmental problems might have unintended consequences. The first part discusses four conventions in the literature for categorizing environmental biomarkers and how different types of biomarker measurements might fit into the various grouping schemes. The second part lays out a sequence of data management strategies to establish statistics and patterns within the exposome that reflect human homeostasis and how changes or perturbations might be interpreted in light of external environmental stressors. The underlying concept is to identify probative outliers from the "unremarkable exposome" in individuals or subpopulations that could be used for discerning deviations from the healthy environment, much like current diagnostic medicine uses batteries of blood and urine tests to screen for preclinical disease conditions. Such empirically derived human in vivo data could subsequently be integrated into high-throughput in vitro and in silico testing of environmental and manufactured chemicals to support real-world toxicity evaluations. C1 [Pleil, Joachim D.] US EPA, HEASD NERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pleil, JD (reprint author), US EPA, HEASD NERL ORD D205 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pleil.joachim@epa.gov OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 NR 89 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 44 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 4 BP 264 EP 280 DI 10.1080/10937404.2012.672148 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 940UW UT WOS:000303919600004 PM 22571221 ER PT J AU Lytle, DA Williams, D White, C AF Lytle, Darren A. Williams, Daniel White, Colin TI A simple approach to assessing copper pitting corrosion tendencies and developing control strategies SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Article DE copper; drinking water; localized corrosion; pipe loop ID HIGH-PH; WATER; CHLORIDE AB Localized corrosion of copper premise plumbing in drinking water distribution systems can lead to pinhole leaks, which are a growing problem for many homeowners. Despite the fact that water quality is an important factor associated with localized copper corrosion, good approaches for predicting the tendency of water to support localized corrosion and for assessing water treatment options to address problems are not available. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of a simple pipe loop system, installed in a drinking water distribution system, in predicting localized copper corrosion and to assess treatment alternatives in drinking water. Visual examination of the internal surface of copper pipes positioned in the loop revealed signs of localized corrosion (isolated 3 mm diameter mounds of corrosion by-products) after only 72 days. Examination of pipe sections removed from the loops after 101 days clearly showed that localized corrosion was taking place. Cross-section analysis of the pipe showed pits as deep as 0.150 mm that were covered by a thin membrane and a mound of blue-green corrosion products. An ortho- and poly-phosphate blended chemical fed to a second pipe loop, prevented pitting attack, and produced different corrosion by-products. The study showed that simple, inexpensive copper pipe loops can be useful in predicting pitting tendencies of drinking water and in assessing the effectiveness of treatment alternatives. C1 [Lytle, Darren A.; Williams, Daniel; White, Colin] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The authors wish to thank Keith Kelty, Christy Muhlen from the US EPA, and Bill Kaylor and Larry Milbrandt (Senior Environmental Employee Program) for water quality analysis. The authors would also like to thank Christopher Parrett of the US EPA and Emily Nauman of Pegasus Technical Services for assistance with manuscript graphics, review, and editing. The US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES T JI J. Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PY 2012 VL 61 IS 3 BP 164 EP 175 DI 10.2166/aqua.2012.079 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 941TF UT WOS:000303987600004 ER PT J AU Barzyk, TM Ciesielski, A Shores, RC Thoma, ED Seila, RL Isakov, V Baldauf, RW AF Barzyk, Timothy M. Ciesielski, Anna Shores, Richard C. Thoma, Eben D. Seila, Robert L. Isakov, Vlad Baldauf, Richard W. TI Near-road multipollutant profiles: Associations between volatile organic compounds and a tracer gas surrogate near a busy highway SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; BTEX-CONCENTRATIONS; URBAN ATMOSPHERE; COMPOUNDS VOCS; UNITED-STATES; LUNG-CANCER; MORTALITY; POLLUTANTS; EXPOSURE AB This research characterizes associations between multiple pollutants in the near-road environment attributed to a roadway line source. It also examines the use of a tracer gas as a surrogate of mobile source pollutants. Air samples were collected in summa canisters along a 300 m transect normal to a highway in Raleigh, North Carolina for five sampling periods spanning four days. Samples were subsequently measured for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using an electron capture gas chromatograph. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) was released from a finite line source adjacent to the roadway for two of the sampling periods, collected in the canisters and measured with the VOCs. Associations between each VOC, and between VOCs and the tracer, were quantified with Pearson correlation coefficients to assess the consistency of the multi-pollutant dispersion profiles, and assess the tracer as a potential surrogate for mobile source pollutants. As expected, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m, p-and o-xylenes (collectively, BTEX) show strong correlations between each other; further, BTEX shows a strong correlation to SF6. Between 26 VOCs, correlation coefficients were greater than 0.8, and 14 VOCs had coefficients greater than 0.6 with the tracer gas. Even under non-downwind conditions, chemical concentrations had significant correlations with distance. Results indicate that certain VOCs are representative of a larger multi-pollutant mixture, and many VOCs are well-correlated with the tracer gas. Implications: This research characterizes associations between volatile organic compounds in a near-road environment to evaluate the consistency of the composition of the multipollutant mixture. It demonstrates the potential use of a tracer gas as an indicator of pollutant dispersion. Near-roadway exposures have been associated with a myriad of health effects; however, associations with individual pollutant components have yet to be well established. This work characterizes a multipollutant profile for a moderately traveled highway with typical rush hour characteristics. Insights on the composition of the complex mixture emitted from mobile sources will improve exposure, health, and epidemiological assessments. Supplemental Materials: Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of the Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association to view statistical results for the full set of pollutants. C1 [Barzyk, Timothy M.; Seila, Robert L.; Isakov, Vlad] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ciesielski, Anna] US Environm Protect Agcy Contractor, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Shores, Richard C.; Thoma, Eben D.; Baldauf, Richard W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Baldauf, Richard W.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Barzyk, TM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM barzyk.timothy@epa.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 5 BP 594 EP 603 DI 10.1080/10473289.2012.656819 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 936MC UT WOS:000303593500011 PM 22696809 ER PT J AU Salazar, KD Copeland, CB Luebke, RW AF Salazar, Keith D. Copeland, Carey B. Luebke, Robert W. TI EFFECTS OF LIBBY AMPHIBOLE ASBESTOS EXPOSURE ON TWO MODELS OF ARTHRITIS IN THE LEWIS RAT SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MESSENGER-RNA; PULMONARY; MONTANA; DISEASE; INFLAMMATION; MACROPHAGES; EXPRESSION AB Epidemiological data suggest that occupational exposure to the amphibole-containing vermiculite in Libby, MT, was associated with increased risk for developing autoimmune diseases and had an odds ratio of 3.23 for developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and the peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS) models of RA were employed to determine whether exposure to Libby amphibole (LA) induced a more rapid onset, increased expression, or prolonged course of RA. Female Lewis rats were intratracheally instilled with total doses of 0.15, 0.5, 1.5, or 5 mg LA or 0.5 or 1.5 mg amosite asbestos, and arthritis was induced with either the PG-PS or CIA model. Neither LA nor amosite exposure affected the disease course in the CIA model, or the production of rheumatoid factor (RF) or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies. LA exposure reduced swelling in the PG-PS model and decreased anti-PG-PS and total immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody titers. Both amosite and LA exposure increased the number of rats with circulating anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), the majority of which presented a speckled staining pattern. However, this ANA enhancement was not dose responsive. These results failed to show a positive correlation between LA exposure and RA disease in two animal models, although upregulated ANA suggest an altered immunological profile consistent with other systemic autoimmune diseases. C1 [Salazar, Keith D.; Copeland, Carey B.; Luebke, Robert W.] US EPA, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Luebke, RW (reprint author), B105-02,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM luebke.robert@epa.gov OI Salazar, Keith/0000-0002-0086-9916 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2012 VL 75 IS 6 BP 351 EP 365 DI 10.1080/15287394.2012.668164 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 936MF UT WOS:000303593800004 PM 22480172 ER PT J AU Gassara, F Brar, SK Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY AF Gassara, Fatma Brar, Satinder K. Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. BE Malik, A Grohmann, E TI Trends in Biological Degradation of Cyanobacteria and Toxins SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SE Strategies for Sustainability LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Cyanobacteria; Cyanotoxins; Hepatototoxins; Neurotoxins; Biological treatment; Fresh waters ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; CYCLIC PEPTIDE TOXIN; ANABAENA-FLOS-AQUAE; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; ANATOXIN-A; BACTERIAL-DEGRADATION; DRINKING-WATER; DRUG-DELIVERY; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; OSCILLATORIA-AGARDHII AB Cyanobacteria are known as blue-green algae, blue-green bacteria, and Cyanophyta. They are present in both toxic and non-toxic forms and it is actually the toxic form which proliferates in the aquatic environment. There are principally two types of toxins (neurotoxin and hepatotoxin) which lead to adverse environmental and human health impacts. Thus, the cyanobacteria and their cyanotoxins must be eliminated from fresh waters (lakes, river) to avoid contamination of drinking water and prevent other environmental adversities. Several treatment methods, such as physical and chemical treatment comprising chlorination, ozonation, photooxidation, activated carbon, and biological treatment including utilization of pure microorganisms such as bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa, among others have been studied to ensure higher elimination of cyanobacteria. The physico-chemical treatment is the most prevalent and faster than biological treatment. However, this treatment causes the lysis of cyanobacterial cells and releases cyanotoxins and other carcinogenic and mutagenic substances in to the medium. In this context, the biological treatment is an eco-friendly option for removal of cyanobacteria and their toxins present in fresh waters. This mini-review is an attempt to explore different aspects of the research in the field of removal of cyanobacteria. The review presents the ecological aspects of cyanobacteria, physical-chemical treatment methodologies in short, biological treatment of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in details as latter are potentially more toxic. C1 [Gassara, Fatma; Brar, Satinder K.; Tyagi, R. D.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Brar, SK (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM fatmagassara@yahoo.fr; satinder.brar@ete.inrs.ca NR 145 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-94-007-1591-2 J9 STRAT SUSTAIN PY 2012 BP 261 EP 294 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1591-2_8 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1591-2 PG 34 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZT25 UT WOS:000302879400008 ER PT J AU Teng, Q Ekman, DR Huang, WL Collette, TW AF Teng, Quincy Ekman, Drew R. Huang, Wenlin Collette, Timothy W. TI Push-through direct injection NMR: an optimized automation method applied to metabolomics SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; COMPOUND LIBRARIES; DI-NMR; LC-NMR; SPECTROSCOPY; TECHNOLOGY; URINE AB There is a pressing need to increase the throughput of NMR analysis in fields such as metabolomics and drug discovery. Direct injection (DI) NMR automation is recognized to have the potential to meet this need due to its suitability for integration with the 96-well plate format. However, DI NMR has not been widely used as a result of some insurmountable technical problems; namely: carryover contamination, sample diffusion (causing reduction of spectral sensitivity), and line broadening caused by entrapped air bubbles. Several variants of DI NMR, such as flow injection analysis (FIA) and microflow NMR, have been proposed to address one or more of these issues, but not all of them. The push-through direct injection technique reported here overcomes all of these problems. The method recovers samples after NMR analysis, uses a "brush-wash'' routine to eliminate carryover, includes a procedure to push wash solvent out of the flow cell via the outlet to prevent sample diffusion, and employs an injection valve to avoid air bubbles. Herein, we demonstrate the robustness, efficiency, and lack of carryover characteristics of this new method, which is ideally suited for relatively high throughput analysis of the complex biological tissue extracts used in metabolomics, as well as many other sample types. While simple in concept and setup, this new method provides a substantial improvement over current approaches. C1 [Teng, Quincy; Ekman, Drew R.; Huang, Wenlin; Collette, Timothy W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Teng, Q (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM teng.quincy@epa.gov NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2012 VL 137 IS 9 BP 2226 EP 2232 DI 10.1039/c2an16251b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 919FR UT WOS:000302308600038 PM 22434060 ER PT J AU West, JM Julius, SH Weaver, CP AF West, J. M. Julius, S. H. Weaver, C. P. TI Assessing confidence in management adaptation approaches for climate-sensitive ecosystems SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate change; adaptation; ecosystems; resilience; management; uncertainty; confidence ID UNCERTAINTIES; WATER; BIODIVERSITY; FRAMEWORK; FACE AB A number of options are available for adapting ecosystem management to improve resilience in the face of climatic changes. However, uncertainty exists as to the effectiveness of these options. A report prepared for the US Climate Change Science Program reviewed adaptation options for a range of federally managed systems in the United States. The report included a qualitative uncertainty analysis of conceptual approaches to adaptation derived from the review. The approaches included reducing anthropogenic stressors, protecting key ecosystem features, maintaining representation, replicating, restoring, identifying refugia and relocating organisms. The results showed that the expert teams had the greatest scientific confidence in adaptation options that reduce anthropogenic stresses. Confidence in other approaches was lower because of gaps in understanding of ecosystem function, climate change impacts on ecosystems, and management effectiveness. This letter discusses insights gained from the confidence exercise and proposes strategies for improving future assessments of confidence for management adaptations to climate change. C1 [West, J. M.; Julius, S. H.; Weaver, C. P.] US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP West, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave NW,8601P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM west.jordan@epa.gov RI Weaver, Christopher/G-3714-2010 OI Weaver, Christopher/0000-0003-4016-5451 FU National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) FX The views expressed in this letter are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. The authors wish to thank all of the author teams from CCSP SAP 4.4 for lending their expertise to the uncertainty exercise therein. The authors also wish to thank their colleagues in the National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) for invaluable discussions and support. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 AR 014016 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/014016 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 922XA UT WOS:000302580600027 ER PT J AU Tai, APK Mickley, LJ Jacob, DJ Leibensperger, EM Zhang, L Fisher, JA Pye, HOT AF Tai, A. P. K. Mickley, L. J. Jacob, D. J. Leibensperger, E. M. Zhang, L. Fisher, J. A. Pye, H. O. T. TI Meteorological modes of variability for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality in the United States: implications for PM2.5 sensitivity to climate change SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSBOUNDARY POLLUTION INFLUENCES; ORGANIC AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS; CYCLONE ACTIVITY; SURFACE OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; EASTERN US; TEMPERATURE; EMISSIONS; REANALYSIS; RESOLUTION AB We applied a multiple linear regression model to understand the relationships of PM2.5 with meteorological variables in the contiguous US and from there to infer the sensitivity of PM2.5 to climate change. We used 2004-2008 PM2.5 observations from similar to 1000 sites (similar to 200 sites for PM2.5 components) and compared to results from the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM). All data were deseasonalized to focus on synoptic-scale correlations. We find strong positive correlations of PM2.5 components with temperature in most of the US, except for nitrate in the Southeast where the correlation is negative. Relative humidity (RH) is generally positively correlated with sulfate and nitrate but negatively correlated with organic carbon. GEOS-Chem results indicate that most of the correlations of PM2.5 with temperature and RH do not arise from direct dependence but from covariation with synoptic transport. We applied principal component analysis and regression to identify the dominant meteorological modes controlling PM2.5 variability, and show that 20-40% of the observed PM2.5 day-to-day variability can be explained by a single dominant meteorological mode: cold frontal passages in the eastern US and maritime inflow in the West. These and other synoptic transport modes drive most of the overall correlations of PM2.5 with temperature and RH except in the Southeast. We show that interannual variability of PM2.5 in the US Midwest is strongly correlated with cyclone frequency as diagnosed from a spectral-autoregressive analysis of the dominant meteorological mode. An ensemble of five realizations of 1996-2050 climate change with the GISS general circulation model (GCM) using the same climate forcings shows inconsistent trends in cyclone frequency over the Midwest (including in sign), with a likely decrease in cyclone frequency implying an increase in PM2.5. Our results demonstrate the need for multiple GCM realizations (because of climate chaos) when diagnosing the effect of climate change on PM2.5, and suggest that analysis of meteorological modes of variability provides a computationally more affordable approach for this purpose than coupled GCM-CTM studies. C1 [Tai, A. P. K.; Mickley, L. J.; Jacob, D. J.; Zhang, L.; Fisher, J. A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Leibensperger, E. M.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Pye, H. O. T.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Tai, APK (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tai@seas.harvard.edu RI Mickley, Loretta/D-2021-2012; Pye, Havala/F-5392-2012; Fisher, Jenny/J-3979-2012; Zhang, Lin/A-6729-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Zhang, Lin/H-9801-2014 OI Mickley, Loretta/0000-0002-7859-3470; Pye, Havala/0000-0002-2014-2140; Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691; Zhang, Lin/0000-0003-2383-8431; FU Mustard Seed Foundation; NASA through the NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST) FX This work was supported by a Mustard Seed Foundation Harvey Fellowship to Amos P. K. Tai, and the NASA Applied Sciences Program through the NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST). Although this paper has been reviewed by the EPA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect EPA's policies or views. NR 71 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 69 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 6 BP 3131 EP 3145 DI 10.5194/acp-12-3131-2012 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 917LM UT WOS:000302178000016 ER PT J AU Frohlich-Nowoisky, J Burrows, SM Xie, Z Engling, G Solomon, PA Fraser, MP Mayol-Bracero, OL Artaxo, P Begerow, D Conrad, R Andreae, MO Despres, VR Poschl, U AF Froehlich-Nowoisky, J. Burrows, S. M. Xie, Z. Engling, G. Solomon, P. A. Fraser, M. P. Mayol-Bracero, O. L. Artaxo, P. Begerow, D. Conrad, R. Andreae, M. O. Despres, V. R. Poeschl, U. TI Biogeography in the air: fungal diversity over land and oceans SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ICE NUCLEATION ACTIVITY; SUBMODEL SYSTEM MESSY; TECHNICAL NOTE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; AMAZON BASIN; ATMOSPHERE; NUCLEI; FOREST; BIODIVERSITY AB Biogenic aerosols are relevant for the Earth system, climate, and public health on local, regional, and global scales. Up to now, however, little is known about the diversity and biogeography of airborne microorganisms. We present the first DNA-based analysis of airborne fungi on global scales, showing pronounced geographic patterns and boundaries. In particular we find that the ratio of species richness between Basidiomycota and Ascomycota is much higher in continental air than in marine air. This may be an important difference between the 'blue ocean' and 'green ocean' regimes in the formation of clouds and precipitation, for which fungal spores can act as nuclei. Our findings also suggest that air flow patterns and the global atmospheric circulation are important for the understanding of global changes in biodiversity. C1 [Froehlich-Nowoisky, J.; Xie, Z.; Andreae, M. O.; Poeschl, U.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Froehlich-Nowoisky, J.; Despres, V. R.; Poeschl, U.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geosci, Earth Syst Sci Ctr, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Burrows, S. M.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Atmospher Chem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Xie, Z.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Inst Polar Environm, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Engling, G.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Biomed Engn & Environm Sci, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. [Engling, G.] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Solomon, P. A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Mayol-Bracero, O. L.] Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Artaxo, P.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Begerow, D.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Geobot Sect, Dept Evolut & Biodivers Plants, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Conrad, R.] Max Planck Inst Terr Microbiol, D-35043 Marburg, Germany. [Despres, V. R.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Gen Bot, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Fraser, M. P.] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Frohlich-Nowoisky, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, POB 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. EM j.frohlich@mpic.de RI Poschl, Ulrich/A-6263-2010; fraser, matthew/G-6355-2012; Burrows, Susannah/A-7429-2011; Froehlich, Janine/D-6227-2015; Artaxo, Paulo/E-8874-2010; Engling, Guenter/Q-7833-2016; Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008 OI Poschl, Ulrich/0000-0003-1412-3557; fraser, matthew/0000-0002-6239-9104; Burrows, Susannah/0000-0002-0745-7252; Froehlich, Janine/0000-0002-1278-0054; Artaxo, Paulo/0000-0001-7754-3036; Engling, Guenter/0000-0001-9954-0362; Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925 FU Max Planck Society (MPG); LEC Geocycles in Mainz; state Rheinland-Pfalz [596]; German Research Foundation [DE1161/2-1, PO1013/5-1, FOR 1525 INUIT] FX The corresponding authorship for this article is shared by J. Frohlich-Nowoisky and V. R. Despres (despres@uni-mainz.de). We thank H. Bauer, R. Burgess, A. L. Clements, R. M. Garland, A. Hoffer, K. Ibarra, D. Rose, H. Yang, and J. Z. Yu for providing filter samples, J. Cimbal, C. Frohlich, I. Muller-Germann, and N. Knothe for technical assistance, A. K. Bertram, W. Elbert, S. Gunthe, M. Gysel, D. I. Haga, C. Morris, H. Paulsen and A. Wollny for discussions and support. Financial support was provided by the Max Planck Society (MPG), the LEC Geocycles in Mainz funded by the state Rheinland-Pfalz (Contribution No. 596), and the German Research Foundation (DE1161/2-1, PO1013/5-1, FOR 1525 INUIT). The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially collaborated in the research described here under assistance agreement number 83404901 to Arizona State University. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 69 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 8 U2 72 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 3 BP 1125 EP 1136 DI 10.5194/bg-9-1125-2012 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 917LX UT WOS:000302179500019 ER PT J AU Heo, J Troyer, ME Pattnaik, S Enkhbaatar, L AF Heo, Joon Troyer, Michael E. Pattnaik, Sitansu Enkhbaatar, Lkhagva TI A hierarchical approach to Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) high-resolution image classification of Little Miami River Watershed for environmental modelling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID REMOTE-SENSING IMAGERY; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER DATA; SEDIMENT; SYSTEM; ACCURACY; EROSION; FILTERS; AREAS AB Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) hyperspectral imagery was acquired over the Little Miami River Watershed in Ohio, USA, which was one of the largest hyperspectral image acquisitions. A hierarchical approach was employed using two different classification algorithms: 'image object segmentation' for level 1 and 'spectral angle mapper' (SAM) for level 2. This classification scheme was developed to overcome the spectral inseparability of urban and rural features and to deal with radiometric distortions due to cross-track illumination. The land-use/land-cover (LULC) classes were urban/built, corn, soya bean, wheat, forest, dry herbaceous, grass, lentic, lotic, urban barren, rural barren and unclassified. The final phase of processing was completed after an extensive quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) phase with 902 points. The overall accuracy was 83.9%. The data set was made available for public research and application; certainly, this product represents an improvement over more commonly utilized, coarser spatial resolution data sets such as National Land Cover Data (NLCD). C1 [Heo, Joon; Enkhbaatar, Lkhagva] Yonsei Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Troyer, Michael E.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Pattnaik, Sitansu] Lanworth Inc, Itasca, IL 60143 USA. RP Heo, J (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM jheo@yonsei.ac.kr RI Heo, Joon/J-8399-2012; anzhi, yue/A-8609-2012; HEO, JOON/I-4796-2014 FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through Office of Research and Development [68-C-02-060] FX This research was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development under Contract No. 68-C-02-060. We thank Francois Smith, Christopher Bolton, Michael Diller and Christopher Jengo at the Earth Satellite Corporation for their contributions in classification works, and William Jones, Laura Roy and Michelle Warr for provision of CASI images and related supports. Essential fieldwork and ground truth data were provided by the following scientists from the US EPA's research facilities in Cincinnati, Ohio: Drs F. Bernard Daniel, Michael B. Griffith, James M. Lazorchak, Tara Maddock, Matthew A. Morrison, Bruce W. Peirano, Joseph P. Schubauer-Berigan, Christopher Schultz and William Shuster. Additional aerial imagery used in this project was generously provided by Dr Lawrence Spencer from the Ohio State University Center for Mapping. We also appreciate Nina Lam at the Louisiana State University, Victor Mesev at the Florida State University and R. Douglas Ramsey at the Utah State University for their external peer review. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1567 EP 1585 DI 10.1080/01431161.2011.584076 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 917GT UT WOS:000302161600013 ER PT J AU Virkutyte, J Varma, RS AF Virkutyte, Jurate Varma, Rajender S. TI Novel Claycunbic to eliminate micropollutants and Vibrio fischeri from water SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGED MONTMORILLONITE; BISMUTH COMPOUNDS; METHYLENE-BLUE; AQUEOUS-PHASE; LAYER CHARGE; ADSORPTION; CLAY; OXIDATION; DYE; EQUILIBRIUM AB Montmorillonite clay (K10) was used as a precursor for the synthesis of a catalytic adsorbent, Claycunbic (Bi/Cu-pillared K10), which was characterized by SEM (EDS), TEM, XRD, BET, TGA and XPS analysis. The catalytic adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB), anionic dye methyl orange (MO) and halogenated aromatic dichlorophenol (DCP) was assessed through multivariate experimental design. The adsorption kinetics was interpreted using pseudo-first order kinetics and an intra-particle diffusion model. It was found that the highest MB, MO and DCP removal efficiency was achieved with 0.5 mL and 1 mL hydrogen peroxide and 1 mg L-1 catalyst doses, respectively. Decrease in 95, 40 and 75% of TOC was observed for MB, MO and DCP, respectively. Bacterial (Vibrio fischeri) bioluminescence inhibition assay showed that inhibition of growth increased from 20 to 100%, with an increase in Claycunbic concentration from 10 to 2000 mg L-1 indicating applicability not only for the removal of organic but bacterial contamination as well. Claycunbic exhibited excellent stability up to 5 consecutive runs in terms of degradation of MB (100-88%) and regained nearly 100% catalytic activity after intermediate calcination at 400 degrees C for 2 h. C1 [Virkutyte, Jurate] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Virkutyte, J (reprint author), Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, E Hollister St, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. EM Virkutyte.Jurate@epa.gov; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov FU National Research Council FX This research was performed at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio, while J.V. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award. This paper has not been subjected to internal policy review of the U.S. EPA. Therefore, the research results do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency or its policy. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2012 VL 2 IS 8 BP 3416 EP 3422 DI 10.1039/c2ra01088g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 915KM UT WOS:000302023500048 ER PT J AU Sierszen, ME Morrice, JA Trebitz, AS Hoffman, JC AF Sierszen, Michael E. Morrice, John A. Trebitz, Anett S. Hoffman, Joel C. TI A review of selected ecosystem services provided by coastal wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE wildlife habitat; fisheries; water quality ID OLD WOMAN CREEK; WATER-QUALITY; BIRD COMMUNITIES; LAND-USE; DISTURBANCE GRADIENT; ECOLOGICAL CONDITION; NUTRIENT RETENTION; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; WET MEADOWS; HABITAT USE AB Significant ecosystem services derive from the coastal wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes even though two-thirds of the original coastal wetlands have been lost since European settlement, and the remaining 126,000 ha of U.S. coastal wetlands and >= 70,000 ha of Canadian wetlands are affected by anthropogenic stressors. Published information indicates that wildlife habitat, fisheries support, and water quality improvement are significant ecosystem services provided by Great Lakes coastal wetlands that should be strongly considered during management decision making. 30 species of waterfowl, 155 breeding bird species, and 55 species of reptiles and amphibians are supported by coastal wetland habitats across the Basin. Nearly all sport and commercialGreat Lakes fish species use coastalwetlands for life-cycle functions, and Great Lakes food webs are supported by wetland export of young sport and forage fish. Biological responses indicate declines in the wildlife and fishery services with increasing levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Extrapolation from a single well-studied system suggests that, Basin-wide, coastal wetlands may retain nearly 4000 tonnes P and 53,000 tonnes N per year, but additional studies are needed to support these estimates and determine stressor effects. Coastal wetlands appear to retain sediments over long time scales, but may either retain or release sediments during storm events. Extrapolation of carbon sequestration from other wetland types suggests that less than 90 g C yr(-1) might be retained across the Basin. Wild rice production provides a culturally important ecosystem service, and coastal protection may be locally significant where fringing wetland remain. To support management decisions, quantitative relationships between specific stressors or land use practices and the delivery of ecosystem services are needed, as are ecosystem service indicators to measure those responses. C1 [Sierszen, Michael E.; Morrice, John A.; Trebitz, Anett S.; Hoffman, Joel C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Sierszen, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM sierszen.michael@epa.gov NR 118 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 8 U2 106 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 1 BP 92 EP 106 DI 10.1080/14634988.2011.624970 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 914NE UT WOS:000301956600013 ER PT J AU Cyphert, JM Padilla-Carlin, DJ Schladweiler, MC Shannahan, JH Nyska, A Kodavanti, UP Gavett, SH AF Cyphert, J. M. Padilla-Carlin, D. J. Schladweiler, M. C. Shannahan, J. H. Nyska, A. Kodavanti, U. P. Gavett, S. H. TI LONG-TERM RESPONSE OF RATS TO SINGLE INTRATRACHEAL EXPOSURE OF LIBBY AMPHIBOLE OR AMOSITE SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID MALIGNANT PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA; CROCIDOLITE ASBESTOS; MURINE MACROPHAGES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; FISCHER-344 RATS; GENE-EXPRESSION; LUNG; MONTANA; CARCINOGENICITY; INSTILLATION AB In former mine workers and residents of Libby, Montana, exposure to amphibole-contaminated vermiculite has been associated with increased incidences of asbestosis and mesothelioma. In this study, long-term effects of Libby amphibole (LA) exposure were investigated relative to the well-characterized amosite asbestos in a rat model. Rat-respirable fractions of LA and amosite (aerodynamic diameter <= 2.5 mu m) were prepared by water elutriation. Male F344 rats were exposed to a single dose of either saline, amosite (0.65 mg/rat), or LA (0.65 or 6.5 mg/rat) by intratracheal (IT) instillation. One year after exposure, asbestos-exposed rats displayed chronic pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Two years postexposure, lung inflammation and fibrosis progressed in a time- and dose-dependent manner in LA-exposed rats, although the severity of inflammation and fibrosis was smaller in magnitude than in animals exposed to amosite. In contrast, gene expression of the fibrosis markers Col 1A2 and Col 3A1 was significantly greater in LA-exposed compared to amosite-exposed rats. There was no apparent evidence of preneoplastic changes in any of the asbestos-exposed groups. However, all asbestos-exposed rats demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 2 yr after instillation. In addition, only LA-exposed rats showed significant elevation in mesothelin (Msln) and Wilms' tumor gene (WT1) expression, suggesting possible induction of tumor pathways. These results demonstrate that a single IT exposure to LA is sufficient to induce significant fibrogenic, but not carcinogenic, effects up to 2 yr after exposure that differ both in quality and magnitude from those elicited by amosite administration at the same mass dose in F344 rats. Data showed that LA was on a mass basis less potent than amosite. C1 [Schladweiler, M. C.; Kodavanti, U. P.; Gavett, S. H.] US EPA, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cyphert, J. M.; Shannahan, J. H.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Padilla-Carlin, D. J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Ctr Risk & Integrated Sci, Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Nyska, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, Timrat, Israel. RP Gavett, SH (reprint author), US EPA, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Drop B105-02,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Gavett.stephen@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA/UNC [CR 933237]; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill FX This work was supported by the U.S. EPA/UNC Toxicology Research Program, Training Agreement CR 933237, with the Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The authors thank Judy Richards for technical assistance. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2012 VL 75 IS 3 BP 183 EP 200 DI 10.1080/15287394.2012.641203 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 917NO UT WOS:000302184800005 PM 22251266 ER PT J AU Shannahan, JH Schladweiler, MC Thomas, RF Ward, WO Ghio, AJ Gavett, SH Kodavanti, UP AF Shannahan, J. H. Schladweiler, M. C. Thomas, R. F. Ward, W. O. Ghio, A. J. Gavett, S. H. Kodavanti, U. P. TI VASCULAR AND THROMBOGENIC EFFECTS OF PULMONARY EXPOSURE TO LIBBY AMPHIBOLE SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DIESEL EXHAUST; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; ASBESTOS EXPOSURE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; IRON OVERLOAD AB Exposure to Libby amphibole (LA) asbestos is associated with increased incidences of human autoimmune disease and mortality related to cardiovascular diseases. However, the systemic and vascular impacts are less well examined because of the dominance of pulmonary disease. It was postulated that regardless of the type of exposure scenario, LA exposure might produce systemic and vascular inflammogenic and thrombotic alterations in healthy and cardiovascular compromised rat models. Samples from three independent studies were examined. In the first study, male Wistar Kyoto (WKY), spontaneously hypertensive (SH), and SH heart failure (SHHF) rats were intratracheally instilled once with 0 (vehicle), 0.25, or 1 mg/rat of LA. In the second study, F344 rats were instilled with vehicle or LA at 0.5, 1.5, or 5 mg/rat. In the third study, F344 rats were instilled with the same mass concentrations of LA delivered by biweekly multiple instillations over 3 mo to simulate an episodic subchronic exposure. Complete blood count, platelet aggregation, serum cytokines, and biomarkers of systemic and aortic effects were examined. LA reduced adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation and decreased circulating platelets in WKY (1 mg/rat) and F344 (5 mg/rat) at the 3-mo time point but did not do so in SH or SHHF rats. A decline in circulating lymphocytes with age appeared to be exacerbated by LA exposure in F344 rats but the differences were not significant. Aorta mRNA expression for biomarkers of oxidative stress (HO-1, LOX-1), inflammation (MIP-2), and thrombosis (tPA, PAI-1, vWf) were increased at baseline in SH and SHHF relative to WKY. LA exposure upregulated several of these biomarkers and also those involved in aortic contractility of WKY rats at 3 mo, suggesting thrombogenic, vasocontractile, and oxidative stress-mediated impairments. The aorta changes in F344 rats were less remarkable than changes noted in WKY following LA exposure. In conclusion, exposure to LA decreased circulating platelets and platelet coagulability while increasing the expression of oxidative stress, thrombosis, and vasoconstriction biomarkers in the aorta of healthy rats. These changes were similar to those noted at baseline in SH and SHHF rats, suggesting that LA-induced pulmonary injury might increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in healthy individuals. C1 [Schladweiler, M. C.; Thomas, R. F.; Gavett, S. H.; Kodavanti, U. P.] US EPA, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Shannahan, J. H.] UNC Sch Med, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ward, W. O.] US EPA, Biostat Core, Res Core Unit, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ghio, A. J.] US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, MD B105-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.urmila@epa.gov FU Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill [CR833237] FX This work was supported by the U.S. EPA/UNC Toxicology Research Program, Training Agreement CR833237, with the Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2012 VL 75 IS 4 BP 213 EP 231 DI 10.1080/15287394.2012.652055 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 917NR UT WOS:000302185100002 PM 22352330 ER PT J AU Schubauer-Berigan, JP Foote, EA Magar, VS AF Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P. Foote, Eric A. Magar, Victor S. TI Using SPMDs to Assess Natural Recovery of PCB-contaminated Sediments in Lake Hartwell, SC: I. A Field Test of New In-Situ Deployment Methods SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs); organic contaminants; passive samplers; sediment risk management; Superfund Site ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; LONG-TERM RECOVERY; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; 3 MICHIGAN RIVERS; SUPERFUND SITE; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; WATER; BIOMAGNIFICATION AB Results from the field testing of some innovative sampling methods developed to evaluate risk management strategies for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contaminated sediments are presented. Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were combined with novel deployment methods to quantify the availability of PCBs at the Sangamo-Weston Lake Hartwell Superfund Site in SC. Three locations in Lake Hartwell were examined: a background site (BKG) with little detectable contamination and two contaminated sites (T-M/N and T-O). PCB availability was quantified using sediment surface samplers designed to hold SPMDs in contact with surface sediments, benthic dome samplers designed to enclose and suspend SPMDs at the sediment-water interface, and commercially obtained SPMD cages suspended in the water column. A two-way analysis of variance showed significant effects by sampler type (P < 0.0001) and site (P < 0.0001) for mean time-weighted average (TWA) total PCBs (t-PCBs). Regardless of the SPMD sampler used, mean TWA t-PCBs were directly proportional to the level of contamination present (BKG < T-M/N < T-O). Water column and surface sediment sampler t-PCB uptake patterns were described by a significant linear fit of the data (r(2) = 0.9625, p < 0.0001, and r(2) = 0.8188, p < 0.0001, respectively). Dome and sediment surface SPMD samples had a higher percentage of higher chlorinated PCBs compared to water column samples. C1 [Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Foote, Eric A.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Magar, Victor S.] Environ Corp, Chicago, IL USA. RP Schubauer-Berigan, JP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM schubauer-berigan.joseph@epa.gov RI Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph/B-3260-2009 FU EPA NRMRL [68-C-00-159] FX The authors wish to thank C. Zeller (EPA, Region 4, Athens, GA) for his assistance and access to the Lake Hartwell Superfund Site throughout this study; G. Durell, C. Peven-McCarthy, J. Abbott and J. Eastep (Battelle) for their assistance with the PCB analysis, field logistics, and fabrication of the deployment devices; R. Brenner for field and contract support; and M. Schubauer-Berigan for statistical assistance. We thank an anonymous reviewer for suggestions that improved the manuscript. This work was supported by EPA NRMRL Contract No. 68-C-00-159, Task Order 09. All work was conducted in accordance with a Level III, EPA/NRMRL-approved Quality Assurance Project Plan (EPA, 2002). This publication expresses the views of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views of the USEPA and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 EI 1549-7887 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 82 EP 100 DI 10.1080/15320383.2012.636777 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 918MD UT WOS:000302252900007 ER PT J AU Choi, JI Edwards, JR Rosati, JA Eisner, AD AF Choi, Jung-Il Edwards, Jack R. Rosati, Jacky A. Eisner, Alfred D. TI Large Eddy Simulation of Particle Re-suspension During a Footstep SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT AIR-FLOW; MICROPARTICLE DETACHMENT; PARTICULATE MATTER; HUMAN WALKING; RESUSPENSION; TRANSPORT; BOUNDARY; SURFACES; MODEL AB Re-suspension of particulate matter under human activity can have a significant impact on particle concentrations in indoor environments. The removal of surface-bound particulates as a person's foot contacts a substrate and the subsequent transport of such particulates through wake entrainment effects and through deposition is an important mechanism for particle dispersion. To study aspects of this event, we perform high-fidelity simulations of particle transport due to the heel-to-toe contact of a foot with a particle-laden carpet. For this purpose, an immersed boundary method is extended to account for particle transport, re-suspension, and deposition near the surface of the foot. Particle deposition is modeled as a combination of gravitational settling, Brownian diffusion, and convective impaction, while a dynamic re-suspension model is used to model particle re-suspension from the surfaces. We demonstrate the details of transient transport phenomena of re-suspended particles during a heel-to-toe foot motion event. The effects of the thickness of the carpet layer, the foot penetration depth into the carpet layer, the foot speed, and particle sizes on the mass re-suspended are investigated. Parametric studies show that a deeper foot penetration into a thinner carpet layer increases particle re-suspension and a faster foot motion also increases the re-suspension. Re-suspension rates increase as the particle size increases for particles in a size range of 1-20 mu m. Predicted re-suspension rates are compared with those obtained in recent experiments. C1 [Edwards, Jack R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Choi, Jung-Il] Yonsei Univ, Dept Computat Sci & Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Rosati, Jacky A.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Eisner, Alfred D.] Alion Sci & Technol, Durham, NC USA. RP Edwards, JR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 1200 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jredward@ncsu.edu RI Choi, Jung-il/H-1013-2011 FU US Environmental Protection Agency [3C-R310-NTEX, 4C-R138-NAEX]; WCU (World Class University) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R31-10049] FX This work has been sponsored by the US Environmental Protection Agency under contracts 3C-R310-NTEX and 4C-R138-NAEX. The first author is currently supported by WCU (World Class University) program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology R31-10049. Computer resources were provided by the High Performance Computing component of North Carolina State University's Information Technology Division (www.ncsu.edu/itd/hpc). NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 46 IS 7 BP 767 EP 780 DI 10.1080/02786826.2011.631613 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 912CX UT WOS:000301773400004 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, TK AF O'Donnell, T. Kevin TI Assessing Watershed Transport of Atrazine and Nitrate to Evaluate Conservation Practice Effects and Advise Future Monitoring Strategies SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pesticides; Nutrients; Monitoring; Nonpoint source pollution; Best management practices; Agriculture ID EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PROJECT; CLAYPAN-SOIL; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; HERBICIDE TRANSPORT; POLLUTION-CONTROL; PHOSPHORUS LOSS; SURFACE WATERS; SEDIMENT LOADS; NUTRIENT LOSS AB Continued public support for U.S. taxpayer funded programs aimed at reducing agricultural pollutants depends on clear demonstrations of water quality improvements. The objective of this research was to determine if implementation of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) in the Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed (GCEW) resulted in changes to atrazine and nitrate (NO3-N) loads during storm events. An additional objective was to estimate future monitoring periods necessary to detect a 5, 10, 20, and 25% reduction in atrazine and NO3-N event load. The GCEW is a 73 km(2) watershed located in northcentral Missouri, USA. Linear regressions and Akaike Information Criteria were used to determine if reductions in atrazine and NO3-N event loads occurred as BMPs were implemented. No effects due to any BMP type were indicated for the period of record. Further investigation of event sampling from the long-term GCEW monitoring program indicated errors in atrazine load calculations may be possible due to pre-existing minimum threshold levels used to trigger autosampling and sample compositing. Variation of event loads was better explained by linear regressions for NO3-N than for atrazine. Decommissioning of upstream monitoring stations during the study period represented a missed opportunity to further explain variation of event loads at the watershed outlet. Atrazine requires approximately twice the monitoring period relative to NO3-N to detect future reductions in event load. Appropriate matching of pollutant transport mechanisms with autosampling protocols remains a critical information need when setting up or adapting watershed monitoring networks aimed at detecting water-shed-scale BMP effects. C1 [O'Donnell, T. Kevin] US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [O'Donnell, T. Kevin] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP O'Donnell, TK (reprint author), US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, 77 W Jackson Blvd,G-17J, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM odonnell.thomas@epa.gov FU National Institute for Food and Agriculture; National Integrated Water Quality-Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) [2005-51130-02380] FX I would like to thank Dr. George Justice, Dean of the Graduate School, University of Missouri, for continued direction and support during submission of this manuscript. I also thank Drs. Stephen H. Anderson, Professor, Department of Soil, Environmental, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Missouri and Claire Baffaut, Hydrologist, USDA-ARS Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit for advising me during completion of this component of my doctoral research. Teri Oster, USDA-ARS Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit was instrumental in providing data sets necessary to complete this research. Many USDA-ARS field technicians were responsible for setup and collection of data used for this manuscript and I also thank them. I thank Dr. Chris Wilke, Department of Statistics, University of Missouri for assistance on statistical approaches employed by this research effort. Finally, I thank three anonymous reviewers who substantially improved this manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the USDA-CSREES (now National Institute for Food and Agriculture), National Integrated Water Quality-Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) (Grant # 2005-51130-02380). NR 85 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 49 IS 1 BP 267 EP 284 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9780-7 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905UD UT WOS:000301299800021 PM 22080428 ER PT J AU Patil, S Stieglitz, M AF Patil, S. Stieglitz, M. TI Controls on hydrologic similarity: role of nearby gauged catchments for prediction at an ungauged catchment SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL; UNITED-STATES; REGIONALIZATION METHODS; PARAMETERS; STREAMFLOW; BASEFLOW; TERRAIN; BASINS; FUTURE AB Prediction of streamflow at ungauged catchments requires transfer of hydrologic information (e. g., model parameters, hydrologic indices, streamflow values) from gauged (donor) to ungauged (receiver) catchments. A common metric used for the selection of ideal donor catchments is the spatial proximity between donor and receiver catchments. However, it is not clear whether information transfer among nearby catchments is suitable across a wide range of climatic and geographic regions. We examine this issue using the data from 756 catchments within the continental United States. Each catchment is considered ungauged in turn and daily streamflow is simulated through distance-based interpolation of streamflows from neighboring catchments. Results show that distinct geographic regions exist in US where transfer of streamflow values from nearby catchments is useful for retrospective prediction of daily streamflow at ungauged catchments. Specifically, the high predictability catchments (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency NS > 0.7) are confined to the Appalachian Mountains in eastern US, the Rocky Mountains, and the Cascade Mountains in the Pacific Northwest. Low predictability catchments (NS < 0.3) are located mostly in the drier regions west of Mississippi river, which demonstrates the limited utility of gauged catchments in those regions for predicting at ungauged basins. The results suggest that high streamflow similarity among nearby catchments (and therefore, good predictability at ungauged catchments) is more likely in humid runoff-dominated regions than in dry evapotranspiration-dominated regions. We further find that higher density and/or closer distance of gauged catchments near an ungauged catchment does not necessarily guarantee good predictability at an ungauged catchment. C1 [Patil, S.; Stieglitz, M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Stieglitz, M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Patil, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. EM sopan.patil@gmail.com RI Patil, Sopan/E-8497-2011 OI Patil, Sopan/0000-0002-8575-5220 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 2 BP 551 EP 562 DI 10.5194/hess-16-551-2012 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 900JB UT WOS:000300882000021 ER PT J AU Hilborn, ED Catanzaro, DG Jackson, LE AF Hilborn, Elizabeth D. Catanzaro, Donald G. Jackson, Laura E. TI Repeated holdout cross-validation of model to estimate risk of Lyme disease by landscape characteristics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE repeated holdout; cross validation; Lyme disease; landscape characterization; model validation ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; WESTCHESTER-COUNTY; NEW-YORK; ENVIRONMENT AB We previously modeled Lyme disease (LD) risk at the landscape scale; here we evaluate the model's overall goodness-of-fit using holdout validation. Landscapes were characterized within road-bounded analysis units (AU). Observed LD cases (obsLD) were ascertained per AU. Data were randomly subset 2,000 times. Of 514 AU, 411 (80%) were selected as a training dataset to develop parameter estimates used to predict observations in the remaining 103 (20%) AU, the validation subset. Predicted values were subtracted from obsLD to quantify accuracy across iterations. We calculated the percentage difference of over-and under-estimation to assess bias. Predictive ability was strong and similar across iterations and datasets; the exact number of obsLD cases per AU were predicted almost 60% of the time. However, the three highest obsLD AU were under-predicted. Our model appears to be accurate and relatively unbiased, however is conservative at high disease incidence. C1 [Hilborn, Elizabeth D.; Jackson, Laura E.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Catanzaro, Donald G.] Oneida Total Integrated Enterprises, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Hilborn, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hilborn.e@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [EP-D-06-072] FX This work was supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency [Contract # EP-D-06-072]. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-3123 J9 INT J ENVIRON HEAL R JI Int. J. Environ. Health Res. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1080/09603123.2011.588320 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 912JA UT WOS:000301792500001 PM 21644127 ER PT J AU Williams, R Brook, R Bard, R Conner, T Shin, H Burnett, R AF Williams, Ron Brook, Robert Bard, Robert Conner, Teri Shin, Hwashin Burnett, Richard TI Impact of personal and ambient-level exposures to nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter on cardiovascular function SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE air pollutant concentrations; exposure assessment; particulate matter; epidemiology ID SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; AIR-POLLUTION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; EPIDEMIOLOGY-EXPOSURE; GASEOUS-POLLUTANTS; FINE PARTICLES; INDOOR; OUTDOOR; PM2.5 AB This work explored the association between nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and PM2.5 components with changes in cardiovascular function in an adult non-smoking cohort. The cohort consisted of 65 volunteers participating in the US EPA's Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS) and a University of Michigan cardiovascular sub-study. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), brachial artery diameter (BAD), brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-mediated arterial dilatation (NMD) were collected by in-home examinations. A maximum of 336 daily environmental and health effect observations were obtained. Daily potassium air concentrations were associated with significant decreases in DBP (-0.0447 mmHg/ng/ m(3) +/- 0.0132, p = 0.0016, lag day 0) among participants compliant with the personal monitoring protocol. Personal NO2 exposures resulted in significant changes in BAD (e.g., 0.0041 mm/ppb +/- 0.0019, p = 0.0353, lag day 1) and FMD (0.0612 +/- 0.0235, p = 0.0103, lag day 0) among other findings. C1 [Williams, Ron; Conner, Teri] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brook, Robert; Bard, Robert] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Shin, Hwashin; Burnett, Richard] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. RP Williams, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM williams.ronald@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development [68-D-00-012, EP-D-04-068, 68-D-00-206, EP-05-D-065]; Electric Power Research Institute [EP-P15887/C7915]; National Institutes of Health General Clinical Research Center [M01-RR000042] FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and conducted the research described here under contract 68-D-00-012 (RTI International), EP-D-04-068 (Battelle Columbus Laboratory), 68-D-00-206 and EP-05-D-065 (Alion Science and Technology). It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This study was also supported by the Electric Power Research Institute (Contract EP-P15887/C7915) and from a National Institutes of Health General Clinical Research Center Grant: M01-RR000042. Dennis Williams and Robert Kellogg of Alion Science and Technology are acknowledged for their technical contributions in NO2 or PM2.5 component analyses. Gary Norris and Rachelle Duvall (US EPA) kindly provided the discussion concerning possible sources of ambient potassium. Carry Croghan and Alan Vette (US EPA) assisted in exposure data tabulation. Charles Rodes and Jonathan Thornburg along with the field staff of RTI International were responsible for performing the field data collections. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-3123 J9 INT J ENVIRON HEAL R JI Int. J. Environ. Health Res. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 BP 71 EP 91 DI 10.1080/09603123.2011.588437 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 912JA UT WOS:000301792500007 PM 21711166 ER PT J AU Chattopadhyay, S Fimmen, RL Yates, BJ Lal, V Randall, P AF Chattopadhyay, Sandip Fimmen, Ryan L. Yates, Brian J. Lal, Vivek Randall, Paul TI PHYTOREMEDIATION OF MERCURY- AND METHYL MERCURY-CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS BY WATER HYACINTH (EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE Hg; methylHg; water hyacinth; sustainable remediation; Eichhornia crassipes ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; HG METHYLATION; TROPICAL LAKE; HEAVY-METALS; PLANTS; ACCUMULATION; CADMIUM; FIELD AB Phytoremediation has the potential for implementation at mercury- (Hg) and methylHg (MeHg)-contaminated sites. Water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes) were investigated for their ability to assimilate Hg and MeHg into plant biomass, in both aquatic and sediment-associated forms, over a 68-day hydroponic study. The suitability of E. crassipes to assimilate both Hg and MeHg was evaluated under differing phosphate (PO4) concentrations, light intensities, and sediment: aqueous phase contamination ratios. Because aquatic rhizospheres have the ability to enhance MeHg formation, the level of MeHg in water, sediment, and water hyacinth was also measured. Hg and MeHg were found to concentrate preferentially in the roots of E. crassipes with little translocation to the shoots or leaves of the plant, a result consistent with studies from similar macrophytes. Sediments were found to be the major sink for Hg as they were able to sequester Hg, making it non-bioavailable for water hyacinth uptake. An optimum PO4 concentration was observed for Hg and MeHg uptake. Increasing light intensity served to enhance the translocation of both Hg and MeHg from roots to shoots. Assimilation of Hg and MeHg into the biomass of water hyacinths represents a potential means for sustainable remediation of contaminated waters and sediments under the appropriate conditions. C1 [Randall, Paul] US EPA, Natl Risk Management & Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Chattopadhyay, Sandip] Tetra Tech Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Fimmen, Ryan L.; Yates, Brian J.; Lal, Vivek] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Randall, P (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management & Res Lab, 26W Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Randall.Paul@EPA.gov RI Randall, Paul/M-6232-2014 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 51 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 2 BP 142 EP 161 DI 10.1080/15226514.2010.525557 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912BT UT WOS:000301770200004 PM 22567701 ER PT J AU Fare, R Grosskopf, S Pasurka, CA Weber, WL AF Faere, Rolf Grosskopf, Shawna Pasurka, Carl A., Jr. Weber, William L. TI Substitutability among undesirable outputs SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID SUBSTITUTION; AIR; PRODUCTIVITY; POLLUTION; INDUSTRY; WATER AB In recent years, economists have started to move beyond calculating regulatory effects on a pollutant-by-pollutant basis since their interaction is important. In this study, we take up this issue. To allow for joint production of multiple pollutants and marketable output, we specify our technology using a directional distance function. This allows us to treat pollutants as joint outputs, yet accounts for their 'undesirability'. We estimate the distance function for a sample of coal-fired electric power plants from 1985 to 1998, which includes the first 4 years of Phase I of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. We focus on the interaction between SO2 and NOx, as they became more highly regulated and estimate shadow prices of the pollutants and the Morishima elasticity of transformation between two pollutants, NOx and SO2, as well as with respect to the desirable output, kilowatt-hours of electricity. As expected, we find that power plants increase NOx emissions as they decrease SO2, i.e. they are substitutes. C1 [Pasurka, Carl A., Jr.] US Environm Protect Agcy 1809T, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Faere, Rolf; Grosskopf, Shawna] Oregon State Univ, Dept Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Faere, Rolf] Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Weber, William L.] SE Missouri State Univ, Dept Econ & Finance, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701 USA. RP Pasurka, CA (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy 1809T, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM pasurka.carl@epa.gov RI Fare, Rolf/H-5932-2013; GROSSKOPF , Shawnax/H-4031-2013; Pasurka, Carl/H-8996-2016 OI Pasurka, Carl/0000-0001-9846-1507 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 12 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PY 2012 VL 44 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1080/00036846.2010.498368 PG 9 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 908ZS UT WOS:000301532200004 ER PT J AU Allen, DJ Pickering, KE Pinder, RW Henderson, BH Appel, KW Prados, A AF Allen, D. J. Pickering, K. E. Pinder, R. W. Henderson, B. H. Appel, K. W. Prados, A. TI Impact of lightning-NO on eastern United States photochemistry during the summer of 2006 as determined using the CMAQ model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; TROPOSPHERIC NO2; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; CONVECTIVE RAINFALL; NATURAL EMISSIONS; DETECTION NETWORK; NITROGEN; VARIABILITY; METEOROLOGY AB A lightning-nitrogen oxide (NO) algorithm is implemented in the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) and used to evaluate the impact of lightning-NO emissions (LNOx) on tropospheric photochemistry over the United States during the summer of 2006. For a 500 mole per flash lightning-NO source, the mean summertime tropospheric NO2 column agrees with satellite-retrieved columns to within -5 to + 13 %. Temporal fluctuations in the column are moderately well simulated; however, the addition of LNOx does not lead to a better simulation of day-to-day variability. The contribution of lightning-NO to the model column ranges from similar to 10% in the northern US to >45% in the south-central and southeastern US. Lightning-NO adds up to 20 ppbv to upper tropospheric model ozone and 1.5-4.5 ppbv to 8-h maximum surface layer ozone, although, on average, the contribution of LNOx to model surface ozone is 1-2 ppbv less on poor air quality days. LNOx increases wet deposition of oxidized nitrogen by 43% and total deposition of nitrogen by 10 %. This additional deposition reduces the mean magnitude of the CMAQ low-bias in nitrate wet deposition with respect to National Atmospheric Deposition monitors to near zero. Differences in urban/rural biases between model and satellite-retrieved NO2 columns were examined to identify possible problems in model chemistry and/or transport. CMAQ columns were too large over urban areas. Biases at other locations were minor after accounting for the impacts of lightning-NO emissions and the averaging kernel on model columns. In order to obtain an upper bound on the contribution of uncertainties in NOy chemistry to upper tropospheric NOx low biases, sensitivity calculations with updated chemistry were run for the time period of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX-A) field campaign (summer 2004). After adjusting for possible interferences in NO2 measurements and averaging over the entire campaign, these updates reduced 7-9 km biases from 32 to 17% and 9-12 km biases from 57 to 46 %. While these changes lead to better agreement, a considerable unexplained NO2 low-bias remains in the uppermost troposphere. C1 [Allen, D. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pickering, K. E.] NASA Goddard, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Pinder, R. W.; Appel, K. W.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Henderson, B. H.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Prados, A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Sci Technol JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Allen, DJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM allen@atmos.umd.edu RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Allen, Dale/F-7168-2010; OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Allen, Dale/0000-0003-3305-9669; Henderson, Barron/0000-0002-6755-3051 FU Earth Science Research Results project [ROSES07]; NASA FX This work was supported by a ROSES07 Decision Support through Earth Science Research Results project funded by the NASA Applied Sciences Air Quality Program. We thank Tom Pierce for his guidance on this project and his comments on the manuscript. We also thank Ronald Cohen and Eleanor Browne for helpful conversations regarding NOy measurement uncertainties. NR 76 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 53 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 1737 EP 1758 DI 10.5194/acp-12-1737-2012 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900GW UT WOS:000300875900006 ER PT J AU Wild, O Fiore, AM Shindell, DT Doherty, RM Collins, WJ Dentener, FJ Schultz, MG Gong, S MacKenzie, IA Zeng, G Hess, P Duncan, BN Bergmann, DJ Szopa, S Jonson, JE Keating, TJ Zuber, A AF Wild, O. Fiore, A. M. Shindell, D. T. Doherty, R. M. Collins, W. J. Dentener, F. J. Schultz, M. G. Gong, S. MacKenzie, I. A. Zeng, G. Hess, P. Duncan, B. N. Bergmann, D. J. Szopa, S. Jonson, J. E. Keating, T. J. Zuber, A. TI Modelling future changes in surface ozone: a parameterized approach SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-QUALITY; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION; GASES; STABILIZATION; TRANSPORT; AEROSOLS; PATHWAY AB This study describes a simple parameterization to estimate regionally averaged changes in surface ozone due to past or future changes in anthropogenic precursor emissions based on results from 14 global chemistry transport models. The method successfully reproduces the results of full simulations with these models. For a given emission scenario it provides the ensemble mean surface ozone change, a regional source attribution for each change, and an estimate of the associated uncertainty as represented by the variation between models. Using the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) emission scenarios as an example, we show how regional surface ozone is likely to respond to emission changes by 2050 and how changes in precursor emissions and atmospheric methane contribute to this. Surface ozone changes are substantially smaller than expected with the SRES A1B, A2 and B2 scenarios, with annual global mean reductions of as much as 2 ppb by 2050 vs. increases of 4-6 ppb under SRES, and this reflects the assumptions of more stringent precursor emission controls under the RCP scenarios. We find an average difference of around 5 ppb between the outlying RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, about 75% of which can be attributed to differences in methane abundance. The study reveals the increasing importance of limiting atmospheric methane growth as emissions of other precursors are controlled, but highlights differences in modelled ozone responses to methane changes of as much as a factor of two, indicating that this remains a major uncertainty in current models. C1 [Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. [Fiore, A. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, D. T.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Doherty, R. M.; MacKenzie, I. A.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Collins, W. J.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Dentener, F. J.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Schultz, M. G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, IEK 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Gong, S.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Zeng, G.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Hess, P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. [Duncan, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bergmann, D. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Szopa, S.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Jonson, J. E.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Keating, T. J.] US EPA, Off Policy Anal & Review, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Zuber, A.] Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Environm, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. RP Wild, O (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. EM o.wild@lancaster.ac.uk RI Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015 OI Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796 NR 35 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 43 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 2037 EP 2054 DI 10.5194/acp-12-2037-2012 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900GW UT WOS:000300875900023 ER PT J AU Jaoui, M Kleindienst, TE Offenberg, JH Lewandowski, M Lonneman, WA AF Jaoui, M. Kleindienst, T. E. Offenberg, J. H. Lewandowski, M. Lonneman, W. A. TI SOA formation from the atmospheric oxidation of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and its implications for PM2.5 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UNITED-STATES; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; NORTH-CAROLINA; VOC EMISSIONS; PINE FOREST; OH RADICALS; AEROSOL; PONDEROSA; PRODUCTS AB The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated by irradiating 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) in the presence and/or absence of NOx, H2O2, and/or SO2 was examined. Experiments were conducted in smog chambers operated in either dynamic or static mode. A filter/denuder sampling system was used for simultaneously collecting gas-and particle-phase products. The structural characterization of gas and particulate products was investigated using BSTFA, BSTFA+PFBHA, and DNPH derivatization techniques followed by GC-MS and liquid chromatography analysis. This analysis showed the occurrence of more than 68 oxygenated organic compounds in the gas and particle phases, 28 of which were tentatively identified. The major components observed include 2,3-dihydroxyisopentanol (DHIP), 2-hydroxy-2-oxoisopentanol, 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanal, 2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylsuccinic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanedioic acid, acetone, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, glycolaldehyde, and formaldehyde. Most of these oxygenated compounds were detected for the first time in this study. While measurements of the gas-phase photooxidation products have been made, the focus of this work has been an examination of the particle phase. SOA from some experiments was analyzed for the organic mass to organic carbon ratio (OM/OC), the effective enthalpy of vaporization (Delta H-vap(eff)), and the aerosol yield. Additionally, aerosol size, volume, and number concentrations were measured by a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer coupled to a Condensation Particle Counter system. The OM/OC ratio was 2.1 in the MBO/H2O2 system. The Delta H-vap(eff) was 41 kJ mol(-1), a value similar to that of isoprene SOA. The laboratory SOA yield measured in this study was 0.7% in MBO/H2O2 for an aerosol mass of 33 mu g m(-3). Secondary organic aerosol was found to be negligible under conditions with oxides of nitrogen (NOx) present. Time profiles and proposed reaction schemes are provided for selected compounds. The contribution of SOA products from MBO oxidation to ambient PM2.5 was investigated by analyzing a series of ambient PM2.5 samples collected in several places around the United States. In addition to the occurrence of several organic compounds in both field and laboratory samples, DHIP was found to originate only from the oxidation of MBO, and therefore this compound could potentially serve as a tracer for MBO SOA. Initial attempts have been made to quantify the concentrations of DHIP and other compounds based on surrogate compound calibrations. The average concentrations of DHIP in ambient PM2.5 samples from Duke Forest in North Carolina ranged from zero during cold seasons to approximately 1 ng m(-3) during warm seasons. This appears to be the first time that DHIP has been detected in ambient PM2.5 samples. The occurrence of several other compounds in both laboratory and field samples suggests that SOA originating from MBO can contribute under selected ambient conditions to the ambient aerosol mainly in areas where MBO emissions are high. C1 [Jaoui, M.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Lonneman, W. A.] US EPA, EPA Senior Environm Employee Program, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jaoui, M (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technol, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jaoui.mohammed@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-10-070] FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under Contract EP-D-10-070 to Alion Science and Technology. The manuscript has been subjected to external peer review and has been cleared for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 9 U2 58 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 2173 EP 2188 DI 10.5194/acp-12-2173-2012 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900GW UT WOS:000300875900029 ER PT J AU Strynar, MJ Lindstrom, AB Nakayama, SF Egeghy, PP Helfant, LJ AF Strynar, Mark J. Lindstrom, Andrew B. Nakayama, Shoji F. Egeghy, Peter P. Helfant, Laurence J. TI Pilot scale application of a method for the analysis of perfluorinated compounds in surface soils SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Perfluorinated compounds; Surface soils; PFOS; PFOA ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; DRINKING-WATER; NORTH-CAROLINA; CONTAMINATION; TRANSPORT; EXPOSURE; ALCOHOLS AB A growing number of studies now indicate that perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are globally distributed in the environment. Their widespread distribution and presence in remote locations has led to questions about the importance of atmospheric and oceanic transport. Describing their distribution in surface soils is also an essential but neglected element in developing a comprehensive understanding of their occurrence in the environment. Soils are the critical link between global atmospheric and hydrologic processes where both local and distant contaminants can accumulate and be released into aquatic and terrestrial communities. Because PFC concentrations in soils will influence ground and surface water, wildlife, and crops, methods to accurately measure PFCs in soil are clearly needed. To help answer this need, we developed a method for the analysis of nine perfluorinated carboxylic acids and four perfluorinated sulfonic acids in soil. Samples from six nations (n = 10 per nation) were analyzed by LC-MS/MS to demonstrate the method performance parameters and to make preliminary observations about the occurrence of the PFCs in soils in different parts of the world. The resulting method shows acceptable performance characteristics for the target compounds in most soils while documenting the widespread occurrence of PFCs in surface soils. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Strynar, Mark J.; Lindstrom, Andrew B.; Egeghy, Peter P.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nakayama, Shoji F.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Strynar, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mail Drop D205-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM strynar.mark@epa.gov RI Nakayama, Shoji/B-9027-2008; OI Egeghy, Peter/0000-0002-1727-0766 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development; National Exposure Research Laboratory; US Department of Energy; US Environmental Protection Agency; Waters Corporation [392-06] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.; The collection of surface soils for this effort would not have been possible without the efforts of many colleagues who are too numerous to mention. However, some people should be recognized for soil collection including Malin Andersson/John Offenberg (Norway soils), Robert "Bob" Seila/Lenora Sanchez (Mexican soils), Norimitsu Saito (Japanese soils), Sissy Petropoulous (Greek soils). In particular I would like to thank Bob Seila's family for taking time out of their vacation to collect soils for this investigation. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the National Exposure Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Support from Waters Corporation was provided through Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (#392-06). NR 36 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 9 U2 58 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2012 VL 86 IS 3 BP 252 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.09.036 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 891IK UT WOS:000300210200007 PM 22130124 ER PT J AU Mehaffey, M Smith, E Van Remortel, R AF Mehaffey, Megan Smith, Elizabeth Van Remortel, Rick TI Midwest U.S. landscape change to 2020 driven by biofuel mandates SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE agriculture; biofuels; corn ethanol; future scenarios; landscape change ID UNITED-STATES; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; LAND-COVER; CORN; IMPACTS; BASIN AB Meeting future biofuel targets set by the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) will require a substantial increase in production of corn. The Midwest, which has the highest overall crop production capacity, is likely to bear the brunt of the biofuel-driven changes. In this paper, we set forth a method for developing a possible future landscape and evaluate changes in practices and production between base year (BY) 2001 and biofuel target (BT) 2020. In our BT 2020 Midwest landscape, a total of 25 million acres (1 acre = 0.40 ha) of farmland was converted from rotational cropping to continuous corn. Several states across the Midwest had watersheds where continuous corn planting increased by more than 50%. The output from the Center for Agriculture and Rural Development (CARD) econometric model predicted that corn grain production would double. In our study we were able to get within 2% of this expected corn production. The greatest increases in corn production were in the Corn Belt as a result of conversion to continuous corn planting. In addition to changes to cropping practices as a result of biofuel initiatives we also found that urban growth would result in a loss of over 7 million acres of productive farmland by 2020. We demonstrate a method which successfully combines economic model output with gridded land cover data to create a spatially explicit detailed classification of the landscape across the Midwest. Understanding where changes are likely to take place on the landscape will enable the evaluation of trade-offs between economic benefits and ecosystem services allowing proactive conservation and sustainable production for human well-being into the future. C1 [Mehaffey, Megan; Smith, Elizabeth] US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Van Remortel, Rick] Lockheed Martin Informat Technol RSSS, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Mehaffey, M (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mehaffey.megan@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-05-088] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract number EP-D-05-088 to Lockheed Martin. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 37 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 BP 8 EP 19 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 903DG UT WOS:000301095600003 PM 22471072 ER PT J AU Abdelrhman, MA Cicchetti, G AF Abdelrhman, Mohamed A. Cicchetti, Giancarlo TI Relationships between Nutrient Enrichment and Benthic Function: Local Effects and Spatial Patterns SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Embayment; Nitrogen concentration; Estuarine gradient; Sediment profile image; Redox Potential Discontinuity; Hump shape; Bioturbation; Benthic ID ORGANISM-SEDIMENT RELATIONS; TRANSPORT TIME SCALES; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; RESIDENCE TIME; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; PROFILE CAMERA; FLUSHING TIME; IN-SITU AB Eutrophication-induced changes to benthic faunal activities are problems of significant ecological impact, affecting global nutrient budgets as well as local trophic connections. We address the question of how nitrogen loads to estuarine embayments alter the bioturbation activities of benthic fauna. Specifically, we related local benthic activities to calculated local nitrogen concentrations for 22 northeastern US estuaries. These local nitrogen concentrations were derived from the calculated nitrogen loading for the embayment together with the spatial distribution of the local flushing time. Our results showed a maximum bioturbation rate at intermediate nitrogen concentrations or a "hump-shaped" pattern of response. This behavior was evident in all embayments that had a range of concentrations including low, intermediate, and high values. Embayments where sampling did not include this full range did not show this behavior. This work provides methods and guidance to help managers make decisions concerning the effects of nitrogen loading on the activities and wellbeing of benthic fauna in coastal embayments. The novelty of this approach lies in identifying the response of bioturbation to nitrogen loading in many systems, without costly and time-consuming speciation of benthic fauna, and also in rapidly identifying embayments and aquatic areas with vulnerable fauna. These results are ecologically significant in supporting the hypothesis that benthic organism abundance and activity will peak at mid-levels of nitrogen due to the interplay of food availability and oxygen levels, noting that the critical levels of these factors differ among water bodies. C1 [Abdelrhman, Mohamed A.; Cicchetti, Giancarlo] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Abdelrhman, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM abdelrhman.mohamed@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX Data for N loads were provided by Dr. James Latimer (USEPA-AED). The authors thank the reviewers of this manuscript, including Dr. William (Skip) Nelson, Dr. James Latimer, and Dr. Dan Campbell (USEPA-AED) and other anonymous reviewers for their technical reviews, insights, and constructive comments. We also thank Dr. William (Skip) Nelson, Dr. Barbara Bergen, and Laura Coiro for their assistance in the field and with image processing. We appreciate the statistical analysis provided by Dr. James Heltshe (under contract to Computer Sciences Corporation). Although the research described here has been funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subject to agency-level review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency nor does mentioning of trade names or commercial products indicate endorsement or recommendation of such. This manuscript is contribution no. AED-10-056 of the USEPA Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1 BP 47 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9418-2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 898VW UT WOS:000300771500003 ER PT J AU Baig, RBN Varma, RS AF Baig, R. B. Nasir Varma, Rajender S. TI A highly active magnetically recoverable nano ferrite-glutathione-copper (nano-FGT-Cu) catalyst for Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; AZIDE-ALKYNE CYCLOADDITION; AQUEOUS-MEDIUM; 1,4-DISUBSTITUTED 1,2,3-TRIAZOLES; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS; RUTHENIUM CATALYST; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; CLICK CHEMISTRY AB 1,2,3-Triazoles were synthesized in water using magnetically recoverable heterogeneous Cu catalyst via one-pot multi component reaction using MW irradiation. Aqueous reaction medium, easy recovery of the catalyst using an external magnet, efficient recycling, and the high stability of the catalyst renders the protocol economic and sustainable. C1 [Baig, R. B. Nasir; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Baig, RBN (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@.epa.gov FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory FX Nasir Baig was supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. We thank Dr Douglas Young for reading the manuscript and for providing valuable comments. NR 60 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 4 U2 51 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 3 BP 625 EP 632 DI 10.1039/c2gc16301b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 901WS UT WOS:000300999700013 ER PT J AU Beasley, TE Evansky, PA Bushnell, PJ AF Beasley, Tracey E. Evansky, Paul A. Bushnell, Philip J. TI Behavioral effects of sub-acute inhalation of toluene in adult rats SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sub-acute toluene; Behavior; Sustained attention ID MEDIATED LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; COLOR-VISION; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; AGONIST BINDING; VISUAL SIGNALS; PPM TOLUENE; PERSISTENT AB Reports of behavioral effects of repeated inhalation of toluene in rats have yielded inconsistent findings. A recent study from this laboratory (Beasley et al., 2010) observed that after 13 weeks of inhaled toluene ("subchronic" exposure scenario), rats showed mild but persistent changes in behavior, primarily involving acquisition of an autoshaped lever-press response. The present experiment sought to systematically replicate these findings, using a 4-week "sub-acute" exposure scenario. Adult male Long-Evans rats inhaled toluene vapor (0, 10, 100, or 1000 ppm) for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. As in the subchronic study, toluene had no effect on motor activity, anxiety-related behavior in the elevated plus-maze, or acquisition of the visual discrimination. However, sub-acute toluene did not affect appetitively-motivated acquisition of the lever-press response, but did reduce accuracy of signal detection at the end of training. Analysis of the deficit in accuracy in the 1000 ppm group by means of manipulations of different task parameters suggested a greater influence of attentional impairment than visual or motor dysfunction as a source for the deficit. These results confirm a pattern of subtle and inconsistent long-term effects of repeated daily exposure to concentrations of toluene vapor of 1000 ppm and below, in contrast to robust and reliable effects of acute inhalation of the solvent at concentrations above 1000 ppm. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Beasley, Tracey E.; Bushnell, Philip J.] US EPA, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Evansky, Paul A.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bushnell, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bushnell.philip@epa.gov NR 38 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 EI 1872-9738 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.11.001 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 902KN UT WOS:000301037100010 PM 22138552 ER PT J AU Virkutyte, J Varma, RS AF Virkutyte, Jurate Varma, Rajender S. TI Synthesis and visible light photoactivity of anatase Ag and garlic loaded TiO2 nanocrystalline catalyst SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID S-DOPED TIO2; ENHANCED PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; METHYL-RED-DYE; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; SUNLIGHT IRRADIATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; VIBRIO-FISCHERI; THIN-FILMS; DEGRADATION; SULFUR AB An excellent visible light activated Ag and garlic loaded TiO2 nanocatalyst was prepared by using AgNO3 and garlic (Allium sativum) as the Ag+ and sulfur sources, respectively. The catalyst resisted the change from anatase to rutile phase even at high (700 degrees C) calcination temperature. The photocatalytic efficiency of as-prepared nanocatalysts was evaluated by degrading (100 ppm) azodye, methyl orange (MO), and dichloro phenol (DCP) under visible light irradiation for 3 to 4 h from an incandescent light bulb (300 W). The process followed first order reaction kinetics with reaction rates ranging from 9.5 x 10(-4) to 19.4 x 10(-3) min(-1). The dye was decomposed in 3 h and more than 70% DCP degraded in 4 h in the presence of Ag and garlic loaded-TiO2 calcined at 700 degrees C. Demineralization of the solution was in the range 40 to 90%. A complete elimination of Vibrio fischeri was accomplished with 1 mg L-1 of nanocatalyst regardless the calcination temperature. The catalyst was used for up to 5 consecutive runs without the significant loss in the photocatalytic activity and could be regenerated by adopting a simple procedure of washing with water and acetone as well as drying at 200 degrees C for 2 h. C1 [Virkutyte, Jurate] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Virkutyte, J (reprint author), Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, 46 E Hollister St, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM virkutyte.jurate@epa.gov; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov FU National Research Council FX This research was performed at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, while J.V. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award. This paper has not been subjected to internal policy review of the U.S. EPA. Therefore, the research results do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency or its policy. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2012 VL 2 IS 6 BP 2399 EP 2407 DI 10.1039/c2ra00790h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 899PN UT WOS:000300828400040 ER PT J AU Daughton, CG AF Daughton, Christian G. TI Real-time estimation of small-area populations with human biomarkers in sewage SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Small-area populations; Biomarkers; Sewage; Coprostanol; Creatinine; Substance-flow analysis ID URINARY CREATININE EXCRETION; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MUNICIPAL WASTE-WATER; FECAL BILE-ACIDS; GAS-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; DIETARY-PROTEIN INTAKE; SEPARATED HUMAN URINE; NEUTRAL STEROLS; SURFACE WATERS AB A new approach is conceptualized for measuring small-area human populations by using biomarkers in sewage. The basis for the concept (SCIM: Sewage Chemical-Information Mining) is supported by a comprehensive examination and synthesis of data published across several disciplines, including medicine, microbiology, clinical chemistry, and environmental science. Accurate measures of human populations are fundamental to numerous disciplines, including economics, marketing, politics, sociology, public health and safety (e.g., disease management; assessment of natural hazards; disaster prevention and response), quality of life, and the environment. Knowing the size, distribution, and flow of a small-area (local) population facilitates understanding the numerous and complex linkages and interactions between humans and the environment. Examples include material-flow (substance-flow) analysis, determining the magnitude of per capita contribution of pollutant loadings to watersheds, or forecasting future impacts of local populations on the environment or a population's demands on resources. While no definitive approach exists for measuring small-area populations, census-taking is a long-established convention. No approach exists, however, for gauging small-area populations in real-time, as none is able to capture population dynamics, which involve transient changes (e.g., daily influx and efflux) and lasting changes (e.g., births, deaths, change in residence). Accurate measurement of small-area populations in real time has never been possible but is essential for facilitating the design of more sustainable communities. Real-time measurement would provide communities the capability of testing what-if scenarios in design and policy decisions. After evaluation of a range of biomarkers (including the nitrogenous waste product creatinine, which has been long used in clinical chemistry as a parameter to normalize the concentrations of other urinary excretion products to account for urine dilution), the biomarker with the most potential for the SCIM concept for real-time measurement of population was determined to be coprostanol - the major sterol produced by microbial reduction of cholesterol in the colon. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Daughton, CG (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM daughton.christian@epa.gov OI Daughton, Christian/0000-0002-0302-7730 FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development (ORD); ORD FX U.S. EPA Notice: The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development (ORD) funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. This work was supported by ORD's Pathfinder Innovation Program, which was launched in October, 2010. The assistance of MST Scuderi (SEEP, US EPA, Las Vegas) in maintenance of the EndNote database was greatly appreciated. NR 185 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 414 BP 6 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.015 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 894WZ UT WOS:000300459500003 PM 22137478 ER PT J AU Egeghy, PP Judson, R Gangwal, S Mosher, S Smith, D Vail, J Hubal, EAC AF Egeghy, Peter P. Judson, Richard Gangwal, Sumit Mosher, Shad Smith, Doris Vail, James Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen TI The exposure data landscape for manufactured chemicals SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Exposure; Database; ACToR; Risk assessment; Environmental chemicals ID WORLD-WIDE-WEB; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RESOURCES; TOXICITY; SUBSTANCES; TOXICOLOGY; POLICY AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is developing chemical screening and prioritization programs to evaluate environmental chemicals for potential risk to human health in a rapid and efficient manner. As part of these efforts, it is important to catalog available information on chemical toxicity and exposure from widely dispersed sources. The main objective of this analysis is to define important aspects of the exposure space and to catalog the available exposure information for chemicals being considered for analysis as part of the U.S. EPA ToxCast (TM) screening and prioritization program. Publicly available exposure data have been extracted into ACToR (Aggregated Computational Toxicology Resource), which combines information for hundreds of thousands of chemicals from >600 public sources. We use data from ACToR to assess the exposure data landscape for environmental chemicals. Of the roughly 100,000 chemicals that have at least limited toxicity information available, less than one-fifth also have exposure information - and for most of these the information is of limited utility (e.g., production volume). Readily accessible data on concentrations in exposure-related media are only available for a much smaller fraction. Among these, the largest number of chemicals is measured in water with over 1150 unique compounds, followed by 788 substances measured in soil, and 670 in air. These small numbers clearly reflect a focus of resources on those substances previously identified as possibly posing a hazard to human health. Exposure to a much broader number of chemicals will need to be measured in order to fully realize the envisioned goal of using exposure information to guide toxicity testing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Egeghy, Peter P.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Smith, Doris; Vail, James] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Senior Environm Employment Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Egeghy, PP (reprint author), 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Drop E205-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM egeghy.peter@epa.gov OI Egeghy, Peter/0000-0002-1727-0766; Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. The co-authors of this manuscript do not have any financial conflict of interest with any parties that were involved in this study. NR 36 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 414 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.046 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 894WZ UT WOS:000300459500020 PM 22104386 ER PT J AU Xue, JP Zartarian, VG Liu, SV Geller, AM AF Xue, Jianping Zartarian, Valerie G. Liu, Shi V. Geller, Andrew M. TI Methyl mercury exposure from fish consumption in vulnerable racial/ethnic populations: Probabilistic SHEDS-Dietary model analyses using 1999-2006 NHANES and 1990-2002 TDS data SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MeHg; Dietary; Fish; Exposure; SHEDS; NHANES ID METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; WISCONSIN; CONSUMERS; PLAYSETS; HEALTH; WOMEN; DECKS; HAIR AB NHANES subjects self-identified as "Asian, Pacific Islander, Native American, or multiracial" (A/P/N/M) have higher levels of blood organic mercury than other racial/ethnic groups: however, the reasons for this have been unclear. This research uses exposure modeling to determine the reasons for elevated blood methylmercury (MeHg) levels, and also extends previous analyses of observed NHANES blood levels. The probabilistic SHEDS-Dietary model was applied, using MeHg fish residue data from FDA's Total Diet Study (1990-2002) combined with NHANES/WWEIA (1999-2006) fish consumption data, to generate exposure estimates by race/ethnicity, age group, and fish type. Statistical analyses of blood methylmercury levels in the (6 times larger) 1999-2006 NHANES data were compared against previous published results for 1999-2002 data. The A/P/N/M group has higher fish intake, modeled MeHg exposures, and blood levels than the general population and other racial/ethnic groups. Tuna, other saltwater fish, and other freshwater fish are key food types driving dietary MeHg exposure. The 1-<3 years-old A/P/N/M group has the highest mean dietary MeHg intake per body weight (0.06 mu g/kg/day; similar to 2.3 times higher than the rest of the population). Fish intake and modeled exposure predictions correlate well with NHANES blood biomarker levels. This study, using the SHEDS-Dietary model with national data, reinforces and expands upon previous observations that dietary exposure via fish consumption is an important route for methylmercury intake by the general population, and especially for racial/ethnic groups with higher fish consumption. These probabilistic dietary modeling approaches could be applied for local populations (e.g., tribes) and other chemicals and foods, if data are available. Published by Elsevier BV. C1 [Xue, Jianping; Zartarian, Valerie G.; Liu, Shi V.; Geller, Andrew M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Xue, JP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 414 BP 373 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.010 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 894WZ UT WOS:000300459500043 PM 22119327 ER PT J AU Henderson, BH Pinder, RW Crooks, J Cohen, RC Carlton, AG Pye, HOT Vizuete, W AF Henderson, B. H. Pinder, R. W. Crooks, J. Cohen, R. C. Carlton, A. G. Pye, H. O. T. Vizuete, W. TI Combining Bayesian methods and aircraft observations to constrain the HO center dot+NO2 reaction rate SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA; QUALITY MODEL; NOX; HOX; NITROGEN; HOONO AB Tropospheric ozone is the third strongest greenhouse gas, and has the highest uncertainty in radiative forcing of the top five greenhouse gases. Throughout the troposphere, ozone is produced by radical oxidation of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2). In the upper troposphere (8-10 km), current chemical transport models under-estimate nitrogen dioxide (NO2) observations. Improvements to simulated NOx production from lightning have increased NO2 predictions, but the predictions in the upper troposphere remain biased low. The upper troposphere has low temperatures (T < 250 K) that increase the uncertainty of many important chemical reaction rates. This study constrains uncertain reaction rates by combining model predictions with measurements from the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-North America observational campaign. The results show that the nitric acid formation rate, which is the dominant sink of NO2 and radicals, is currently overestimated by 22% in the upper troposphere. The results from this study suggest that the temperature sensitivity of nitric acid formation is lower than currently recommended. Since the formation of nitric acid removes nitrogen dioxide and radicals that drive the production of ozone, the revised reaction rate will affect ozone concentrations in upper troposphere impacting climate and air quality in the lower troposphere. C1 [Henderson, B. H.; Vizuete, W.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Henderson, B. H.; Pinder, R. W.; Pye, H. O. T.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Crooks, J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Carlton, A. G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Henderson, BH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM barronh@gmail.com RI Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Pye, Havala/F-5392-2012; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Henderson, Barron/E-4392-2014 OI Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Pye, Havala/0000-0002-2014-2140; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Henderson, Barron/0000-0002-6755-3051 FU National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an inter-agency agreement between the US Department of Energy and EPA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 2 BP 653 EP 667 DI 10.5194/acp-12-653-2012 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 892YL UT WOS:000300321500003 ER PT J AU Harrison, MD Groffman, PM Mayer, PM Kaushal, SS AF Harrison, Melanie D. Groffman, Peter M. Mayer, Paul M. Kaushal, Sujay S. TI Microbial biomass and activity in geomorphic features in forested and urban restored and degraded streams SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Denitrification; Methane; Nitrification; Restoration; Urban ID LAND-USE; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; METHANE OXIDATION; HEADWATER STREAMS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; ORGANIC-CARBON; PRAIRIE STREAM; DEBRIS DAMS; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION AB Geomorphic spatial heterogeneity affects sediment denitrification, an anaerobic microbial process that results in the loss of nitrogen (N), and other anaerobic microbial processes such as methanogenesis in urban streams. We measured sediment denitrification potential (DEA), net nitrification, methanogenesis, and a suite of ancillary microbial variables in geomorphic stream features (organic debris dams, pools, riffles, and sloughs) in forested, urban degraded and urban restored streams in the Baltimore. MD, USA metropolitan area, between June 2005 and November 2006. DEA was higher in organic debris dams (2783 +/- 1405 ng N g(-1) h(-1), mean standard error) than in pools (505 +/- 144), riffles (360 +/- 78), and sloughs (270 +/- 106), and was higher in forest (1439 +/- 613) than in urban degraded (442 +/- 98) and restored sites (391 +/- 116), but the differences were not statistically significant. DEA was positively related to microbial biomass N (MBN) (p < 0.0001) and percent sediment organic matter (SOM) (p = 0.006). DEA and MBN were significantly higher in June 2005 and August 2006 than in November 2006, a temporal pattern that may have been driven by changes in microbial biomass. Methanogenesis was active in all stream geomorphic features across all study sites. Reach scale estimates of nitrification ranged from 157 to 344 mg N m(-2) d(-1) and were similar to reach scale DEA rates (97-230 mg N m(-2) d(-1)), with no significant differences between restored and unrestored reaches. These results suggest that in-stream geomorphic features in urban restored and degraded sites have the potential to function as N sinks by maintaining anaerobic conditions and microbial biomass and activity that stimulate denitrification. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Harrison, Melanie D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NMFS SW Reg, Protected Resources Div, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. [Harrison, Melanie D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Mayer, Paul M.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol & Earth Syst Sci, Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Harrison, MD (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NMFS SW Reg, Protected Resources Div, 777 Sonoma Ave, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. EM Melanie.Harrison@noaa.gov RI Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013; OI Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189; Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR829676]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0423476]; NSF [0549469]; NSF Division of Biological Infrastructure (DBI) [06-40300]; NOAA Educational Partnership Graduate Science Program (GSP) FX This research was supported by grants from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (CR829676), the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Ecological Research program (DEB-0423476), the NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program program (0549469), the NSF Division of Biological Infrastructure (DBI 06-40300), and the NOAA Educational Partnership Graduate Science Program (GSP). We thank Dan Dillon, Dave Lewis, and Lisa Martel for assistance with field and laboratory work, Edward Doheny (USGS) for providing geomorphic survey information and Andrew Miller for thoughtful comments and review of the manuscript. The research has not been subjected to EPA or USGS review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of any of the funding agencies, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.09.001 PG 10 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 899GN UT WOS:000300804500001 ER PT J AU Vitek, JL Zhang, JY Hashimoto, T Russo, GS Baker, KB AF Vitek, Jerrold L. Zhang, Jianyu Hashimoto, Takao Russo, Gary S. Baker, Kenneth B. TI External pallidal stimulation improves parkinsonian motor signs and modulates neuronal activity throughout the basal ganglia thalamic network SO EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Deep brain stimulation; Globus pallidus; Monkey; MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine); Parkinsonism ID DEEP BRAIN-STIMULATION; HIGH-FREQUENCY STIMULATION; HUMAN GLOBUS-PALLIDUS; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; SOMATOTOPIC ORGANIZATION; DISEASE; MICROSTIMULATION; RESPONSES; MONKEY; RAT AB Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) are effective for the treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). We have shown previously that DBS of the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) is associated with improvements in parkinsonian motor signs; however, the mechanism of this effect is not known. In this study, we extend our findings on the effect of STN and GPi DBS on neuronal activity in the basal ganglia thalamic network to include GPe DBS using the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1.2.3.6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) monkey model. Stimulation parameters that improved bradykinesia were associated with changes in the pattern and mean discharge rate of neuronal activity in the GPi, STN, and the pallidal [ventralis lateralis pars oralis (VLo) and ventralis anterior (VA)] and cerebellar [ventralis lateralis posterior pars oralis (VPLo)] receiving areas of the motor thalamus. Population post-stimulation time histograms revealed a complex pattern of stimulation-related inhibition and excitation for the GPi and VA/VLo, with a more consistent pattern of inhibition in STN and excitation in VPLo. Mean discharge rate was reduced in the GPi and STN and increased in the VPLo. Effective GPe DBS also reduced bursting in the STN and GPi. These data support the hypothesis that therapeutic DBS activates output from the stimulated structure and changes the temporal pattern of neuronal activity throughout the basal ganglia thalamic network and provide further support for GPe as a potential therapeutic target for DBS in the treatment of PD. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Vitek, Jerrold L.; Zhang, Jianyu; Baker, Kenneth B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Neurol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hashimoto, Takao] Shinshu Univ, Sch Med, Matsumoto, Nagano 390, Japan. [Russo, Gary S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Vitek, JL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Neurol, 12-100 PWB,516 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM vitek004@umn.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01NS37019] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant R01NS37019. NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4886 J9 EXP NEUROL JI Exp. Neurol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 233 IS 1 BP 581 EP 586 DI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.09.031 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 890CY UT WOS:000300123900064 PM 22001773 ER PT J AU Schenck, K Rosenblum, L Wiese, TE Wymer, L Dugan, N Williams, D Mash, H Merriman, B Speth, T AF Schenck, Kathleen Rosenblum, Laura Wiese, Thomas E. Wymer, Larry Dugan, Nicholas Williams, Daniel Mash, Heath Merriman, Betty Speth, Thomas TI Removal of estrogens and estrogenicity through drinking water treatment SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE chlorine; drinking water treatment; estrogenic activity; estrogens ID BY-PRODUCTS; CHLORINATION; ESTRADIOL; SULFITE; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; DESTRUCTION; ADSORPTION; CHEMICALS; CELLS; ASSAY AB Estrogenic compounds have been shown to be present in surface waters, leading to concerns over their possible presence in finished drinking waters. In this work, two in vitro human cell line bioassays for estrogenicity were used to evaluate the removal of estrogens through conventional drinking water treatment using a natural water. Bench-scale studies utilizing chlorine, alum coagulation, ferric chloride coagulation, and powdered activated carbon (PAC) were conducted using Ohio River water spiked with three estrogens, 17 beta-estradiol, 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol, and estriol. Treatment of the estrogens with chlorine, either alone or with coagulant, resulted in approximately 98% reductions in the concentrations of the parent estrogens, accompanied by formation of by-products. The MVLN reporter gene and MCF-7 cell proliferation assays were used to characterize the estrogenic activity of the water before and after treatment. The observed estrogenic activities of the chlorinated samples showed that estrogenicity of the water was reduced commensurate with removal of the parent estrogen. Therefore, the estrogen chlorination by-products did not contribute appreciably to the estrogenic activity of the water. Coagulation alone did not result in significant removals of the estrogens. However, addition of PAC, at a typical drinking water plant dose, resulted in removals ranging from approximately 20 to 80%. C1 [Schenck, Kathleen; Wymer, Larry; Dugan, Nicholas; Williams, Daniel; Mash, Heath; Speth, Thomas] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Rosenblum, Laura] Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. [Wiese, Thomas E.] Xavier Univ Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA. [Merriman, Betty] Natl Council Aging, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Schenck, K (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM schenck.kathleen@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 40 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2012 VL 10 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.2166/wh.2011.135 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 899CS UT WOS:000300792200005 PM 22361701 ER PT J AU MacPhail, RC Farmer, JD Jarema, KA AF MacPhail, R. C. Farmer, J. D. Jarema, K. A. TI Toluene effects on the motor activity of adolescent, young-adult, middle-age and senescent male Brown Norway rats SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aging; Life stage; Susceptibility; Motor activity; Toluene; Rats ID LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; INTRAINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; BIPHASIC CHANGES; GENE-EXPRESSION; MEDICATION USE; UNITED-STATES; OLDER-ADULTS; LIFE-SPAN AB Life stage is an important risk factor for toxicity. Children and aging adults, for example, are more susceptible to certain chemicals than are young adults. In comparison to children, relatively little is known about susceptibility in older adults. Additionally, few studies have compared toxicant susceptibility across a broad range of life stages. Results are presented for behavioral evaluations of male Brown Norway rats obtained as adolescents (1 month), or young (4 months), middle-age (12 months) and senescent (24 months) adults. Motor activity was evaluated in photocell devices during 30-min sessions. Age-related baseline characteristics and sensitivity to toluene (0, 300, 650, or 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) were determined. In Experiment 1, young-adult, middle-age and senescent rats were treated with corn-oil vehicle before five weekly test sessions. Baselines of horizontal and vertical activity decreased with age, but each age-group's averages remained stable across weeks of testing. Baseline activity of older rats was more variable than that of the young adults; older rats were also more variable individually from week to week. Toluene (1000 mg/kg) increased horizontal activity proportionately more in senescent rats (ca. 300% of control) than in middle-age or young-adult rats (ca.145-175% of control). Experiment 2 established toluene dose-effect functions in individual adolescent, young-adult, middle-age and senescent rats; each rat received all treatments, counterbalanced across four weekly sessions. Toluene produced dose-related increases in horizontal activity that increased proportionately with age. Experiment 3 replicated the effects of toluene (1000 mg/kg) in Experiment 1, showing that toluene-induced increases in horizontal activity were greatest in the oldest rats. Collectively, the results show that aging increased susceptibility to toluene and also increased variability in toluene response. Given the rapid growth of the aged population, further research is needed on aging-related susceptibility to environmental contaminants. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [MacPhail, R. C.; Farmer, J. D.; Jarema, K. A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Neurotoxicol Branch,Tox Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP MacPhail, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Neurotoxicol Branch,Tox Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM macphail.robert@epa.gov; farmer.jackie@epa.gov; jarema.kimberly@epa.gov NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JAN PY 2012 VL 33 IS 1 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.12.006 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 895TO UT WOS:000300519500015 PM 22192906 ER PT J AU Mastromonaco, GF Houck, ML Bergfelt, DR AF Mastromonaco, G. F. Houck, M. L. Bergfelt, D. R. TI Disorders of Sexual Development in Wild and Captive Exotic Animals SO SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Chromosome abnormality; Endocrine disrupting chemical; Exotic species; Gonadal dysgenesis; Intersex; Infertility; Wildlife ID ENVIRONMENTAL ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; WHALES DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; BLACK-TAILED DEER; MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM; GONADAL DEVELOPMENT; FLORIDA PANTHERS; KODIAK ISLAND; IN-VITRO; CRYPTORCHIDISM; EXPOSURE AB Disorders of sexual development (DSDs) are an increasing concern in both captive and free-ranging wildlife species. Partial or complete reduction in fertility that results from intersex conditions or gonadal dysgenesis is detrimental to the reproductive potential of wildlife populations, and consequently, to their long-term survival. Compared to the wealth of information available on humans and domestic species, a better understanding of the factors influencing sexual development in wildlife is essential for developing and improving population management or conservation plans. This review attempts to bring together the different facets of DSDs as studied in the fields of reproductive physiology, endocrinology, ecotoxicology, wildlife biology, and environmental health. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Mastromonaco, G. F.] Toronto Zoo, Reprod Physiol, Toronto, ON M1B 5K7, Canada. [Houck, M. L.] San Diego Zoo Global, Inst Conservat Res, Escondido, CA USA. [Bergfelt, D. R.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Mastromonaco, GF (reprint author), Toronto Zoo, Reprod Physiol, 361A Old Finch Ave, Toronto, ON M1B 5K7, Canada. EM gmastromonaco@torontozoo.ca NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 26 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-5425 J9 SEX DEV JI Sex. Dev. PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1-3 BP 84 EP 95 DI 10.1159/000332203 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 895SP UT WOS:000300516900008 PM 22004948 ER PT J AU Axelrad, DA Cohen, J AF Axelrad, Daniel A. Cohen, Jonathan TI Calculating summary statistics for population chemical biomonitoring in women of childbearing age with adjustment for age-specific natality (vol 111, pg 149, 2011) SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 [Axelrad, Daniel A.] US EPA, Off Policy 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Cohen, Jonathan] ICF Int, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Axelrad, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Policy 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM axelrad.daniel@epa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 112 BP 239 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2011.10.001 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 885TX UT WOS:000299804800035 ER PT J AU Patterson, C Anderson, A Sinha, R Muhammad, N Pearson, D AF Patterson, Craig Anderson, Anita Sinha, Rajib Muhammad, Nur Pearson, David TI Nanofiltration Membranes for Removal of Color and Pathogens in Small Public Drinking Water Sources SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Drinking water; Filtration; Nanotechnology; Public health; Pathogens; Bacteria; Viruses; Color ID QUALITY; FLUX; REJECTION; SYSTEMS AB Small public water supplies that use surface water as a source for drinking water are frequently faced with elevated levels of color and natural organic matter (NOM) that are precursors for chlorinated disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation. Nanofiltration (NF) systems can prevent DBP formation by removing color and NOM before chlorination. Research studies were conducted on Fall Lake water in Minnesota and dechlorinated potable water spiked with NOM in Ohio by using nanofiltration (Fyne process). Several types of tubular membranes with various molecular weight cutoffs were studied. The effectiveness of the Fyne process in producing safe drinking water was gauged by measuring the removal efficiency of total organic carbon, color, 2-3 micron particles, Bacillus subtilis as a surrogate for bacteria removal and MS2 bacteriophage as a surrogate for virus removal. Results of tests conducted under controlled laboratory conditions and field conditions indicated that Fyne process NF membranes could be used by small system drinking water treatment systems for DBP precursor and pathogen removal. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000463. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Patterson, Craig] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Anderson, Anita] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Duluth, MN 55802 USA. [Sinha, Rajib; Muhammad, Nur] Shaw E&I Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. [Pearson, David] Membrane Specialists LLC, Hamilton, OH 45015 USA. RP Patterson, C (reprint author), US EPA, 26 Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM patterson.craig@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed or partially funded and collaborated in the research described. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency; therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 32 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2012 VL 138 IS 1 BP 48 EP 57 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000463 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 894PT UT WOS:000300439600006 ER EF