FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU DeArmond, PD DiGoregorio, AL AF DeArmond, Patrick D. DiGoregorio, Amanda L. TI Characterization of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of acrylamide in complex environmental samples SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Acrylamide; Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; Ion exclusion; Activated carbon; Solid-phase extraction ID DRINKING-WATER; LC-MS/MS; GAS; FOODSTUFFS AB This work describes the characterization of a solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based method for the analysis of acrylamide (AA) in complex environmental waters. The method involved the SPE of AA using activated carbon, and the AA was detected with tandem mass spectrometry after separating on an ion exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography column. The method incorporated two labeled AA standards for quantification using isotope dilution and to assess absolute extraction recovery. The method was evaluated for inter- and intra-day precision and accuracy. The method was both accurate (i.e., < 30 % error) and precise (i.e., < 20 % relative standard deviation), with absolute extraction recoveries averaging 37 %. The mass spectrometry provided excellent sensitivity, with instrumental limits of detection and quantitation values of 23 and 75 pg, respectively. The method detection limit was determined to be 0.021 mu g/L. The analysis of AA was successfully performed in real-world samples that contained total dissolved solids concentrations ranging from 23,600 to 297,000 mg/L and AA concentrations ranging from 0.082 to 1.0 mu g/L. C1 [DeArmond, Patrick D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [DiGoregorio, Amanda L.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [DeArmond, Patrick D.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP DeArmond, PD (reprint author), US EPA, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM dearmond.patrick@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this paper does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by the EPA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 50 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 405 IS 12 BP 4159 EP 4166 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-6822-4 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 126TK UT WOS:000317643900027 PM 23430189 ER PT J AU Dye, J Bost, P Secoura, P Reiner, J Zweigenbaum, J Lindstrom, A Strynar, M AF Dye, J. Bost, P. Secoura, P. Reiner, J. Zweigenbaum, J. Lindstrom, A. Strynar, M. TI PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS (PFCS) IN SERUM OF CATS - LINKAGE TO INDOOR EXPOSURES SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dye, J.] US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Dye, J.; Secoura, P.] N Carolina State Univ, Vet Teaching Hosp, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bost, P.; Lindstrom, A.; Strynar, M.] US EPA, ORD, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Reiner, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zweigenbaum, J.] Agilent Technol, Wilmington, DE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2013 VL 27 IS 3 BP 692 EP 692 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 140MO UT WOS:000318658400243 ER PT J AU Schrantz, KA Pressman, JG Wahman, DG AF Schrantz, Karen A. Pressman, Jonathan G. Wahman, David G. TI Simulated distribution nitrification: Nitrification Index evaluation and viable AOB SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Laboratory-scale annular reactors were used to evaluate the impact of simultaneously increasing temporal influent monochloramine (NH2Cl) concentrations (0.0 to 3.2 mg chlorine [Cl-2]/L) and chlorine-to-nitrogen mass ratios (0:1 to 3.2:1) on nitrification, allowing evaluation of the recently proposed Nitrification Index (NI) for chloraminated drinking water distribution system operation control. Nitrification was severely affected with a 1.5 mg Cl-2/L NH2Cl residual, becoming undetectable when the NH2Cl residual reached 3 mg Cl-2/L. The calibrated NI was successful in simulating nitrification occurrence. In addition, temporal biofilm sample results demonstrated that viable ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were (1) dominated by Nitrosomonas europaea related species for an NH2Cl residual less than approximately 0.4 mg Cl-2/L, (2) dominated by N. oligotropha-related species for an NH2Cl residual between 0.4 and 1.5 mg Cl-2/L, and (3) not detected once the NH2Cl residual was maintained at approximately 3 mg Cl-2/L. C1 [Wahman, David G.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Wahman, DG (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wahman.david@epa.gov OI Wahman, David/0000-0002-0167-8468 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 2164-4535 J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 105 IS 5 BP 55 EP 56 DI 10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0046 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 136BD UT WOS:000318333500010 ER PT J AU Haberg, SE Trogstad, L Gunnes, N Wilcox, AJ Gjessing, HK Samuelsen, SO Skrondal, A Cappelen, I Engeland, A Aavitsland, P Madsen, S Buajordet, I Furu, K Nafstad, P Vollset, SE Feiring, B Nokleby, H Magnus, P Stoltenberg, C AF Haberg, Siri E. Trogstad, Lill Gunnes, Nina Wilcox, Allen J. Gjessing, Hakon K. Samuelsen, Sven Ove Skrondal, Anders Cappelen, Inger Engeland, Anders Aavitsland, Preben Madsen, Steinar Buajordet, Ingebjorg Furu, Kari Nafstad, Per Vollset, Stein Emil Feiring, Berit Nokleby, Hanne Magnus, Per Stoltenberg, Camilla TI Risk of Fetal Death After Pandemic Influenza Virus Infection or Vaccination EDITORIAL COMMENT SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PREGNANCY C1 [Haberg, Siri E.; Trogstad, Lill; Gunnes, Nina; Gjessing, Hakon K.; Samuelsen, Sven Ove; Skrondal, Anders; Cappelen, Inger; Engeland, Anders; Aavitsland, Preben; Furu, Kari; Nafstad, Per; Vollset, Stein Emil; Feiring, Berit; Nokleby, Hanne; Magnus, Per; Stoltenberg, Camilla] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway. [Samuelsen, Sven Ove; Nafstad, Per; Magnus, Per] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Madsen, Steinar; Buajordet, Ingebjorg] Norwegian Med Agcy, Oslo, Norway. [Gjessing, Hakon K.; Engeland, Anders; Vollset, Stein Emil] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [Furu, Kari] Univ Tromso, Tromso, Norway. [Wilcox, Allen J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Skrondal, Anders] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. RP Haberg, SE (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway. RI Skrondal, Anders/C-7342-2008 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7828 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 68 IS 5 BP 348 EP 349 DI 10.1097/01.ogx.0000430377.29993.2b PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 138BD UT WOS:000318482300010 ER PT J AU Leduc, SD Lilleskov, EA Horton, TR Rothstein, DE AF LeDuc, Stephen D. Lilleskov, Erik A. Horton, Thomas R. Rothstein, David E. TI Ectomycorrhizal fungal succession coincides with shifts in organic nitrogen availability and canopy closure in post-wildfire jack pine forests SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ectomycorrhiza; Fungal diversity; Pinus banksiana; Organic nitrogen; Disturbance ID MIXED TEMPERATE FORESTS; NORTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE ECOSYSTEMS; MURICATA SEEDLINGS; KIRTLANDS WARBLER; PURE CULTURE; SOIL CARBON; COMMUNITIES; COLONIZATION AB Successional changes in belowground ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities have been observed with increasing forest stand age; however, mechanisms behind this change remain unclear. It has been hypothesized that declines of inorganic nitrogen (N) and increases of organic N influence changes in EMF taxa over forest development. In a post-wildfire chronosequence of six jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stands ranging in age from 5 to 56 years, we investigated EMF community composition and compared shifts in taxa with detailed soluble inorganic and organic N data. Taxa were identified by internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequencing, and changes in community composition evaluated with non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS). Dissimilarities in the community data were tested for correlations with N variables. We observed a successional shift along NMDS axis 1 from such taxa as Suillus brevipes and Thelephora terrestris in sites age 5 and 11 to species of Cortinarius and Russula, among others, in the four older sites. This change was positively correlated with soluble organic N (SON) (r (2) = 0.902, P = 0.033) and free amino-acid N (r (2) = 0.945, P = 0.021), but not inorganic N. Overall, our results show a successional shift of EMF communities occurring between stand initiation and canopy closure without a change in species of the dominant plant-host, and associated with SON and free amino-acid N in soil. It is uncertain whether EMF taxa are responding to these organic N forms directly, affecting their availability, or are ultimately responding to changes in other site variables, such as belowground productivity. C1 [LeDuc, Stephen D.; Rothstein, David E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [LeDuc, Stephen D.; Rothstein, David E.] Michigan State Univ, Ecol Evolutionary Biol & Behav Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lilleskov, Erik A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Horton, Thomas R.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Leduc, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Ariel Rios Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW,8623P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM leduc.stephen@epa.gov OI Rothstein, David E/0000-0002-8426-9933; Horton, Tom/0000-0002-2112-9618 FU Michigan Botanical Society; Michigan State University's Plant Science Fellowship; National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology [0448058, 0614384] FX Personnel of the USDA-Forest Service and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources provided access to field sites and logistical help. We particularly thank Annette Kretzer, David Burke, Cody Springman, Seth Walk, and the late Tom Whittam for laboratory support. Rasmus Kjoller and Karl-Henrik Larsson provided assistance identifying Tricholoma and Piloderma sequences, and Laurie Alexander assisted with statistical analyses. We also thank M. Cook, G. Smith, S. Tourtellot and many others for field and laboratory assistance. We gratefully acknowledge the efforts of two anonymous reviewers whose suggestions greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. This project was supported by funding from the Michigan Botanical Society, Michigan State University's Plant Science Fellowship, and National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology awards 0448058 to D. E. R. and 0614384 to T. R. H.. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 71 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 103 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2013 VL 172 IS 1 BP 257 EP 269 DI 10.1007/s00442-012-2471-0 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 127GU UT WOS:000317686800023 PM 23053232 ER PT J AU Fann, N Lamson, AD Anenberg, SC Hubbell, BJ AF Fann, Neal Lamson, Amy D. Anenberg, Susan C. Hubbell, Bryan J. TI Letter in Response to Fraas & Lutter Article: "Uncertain Benefits Estimates for Reductions in Fine Particle Concentrations" SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Letter C1 [Fann, Neal; Lamson, Amy D.; Anenberg, Susan C.; Hubbell, Bryan J.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Fann, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Risk & Benefits Grp, C539-07, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM neal.fann@gmail.com OI Fann, Neal/0000-0002-6724-8575; Hubbell, Bryan/0000-0002-7963-3438 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 33 IS 5 BP 755 EP 756 DI 10.1111/risa.12000 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 137MT UT WOS:000318440700004 PM 23278667 ER PT J AU Thevenod, F Garrick, MD Garrick, LM Zhao, L Ghio, A Fenton, RA Wolff, NA AF Thevenod, Frank Garrick, Michael D. Garrick, Laura M. Zhao, Lin Ghio, Andy Fenton, Robert A. Wolff, Natascha A. TI DIVALENT METAL TRANSPORTER 1 (DMT1) IS FOUND IN MITOCHONDRIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thevenod, Frank; Wolff, Natascha A.] Univ Witten Herdecke, Witten, Germany. [Garrick, Michael D.; Garrick, Laura M.; Zhao, Lin] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Ghio, Andy] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Fenton, Robert A.] Aarhus Univ, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 88 IS 5 BP E77 EP E77 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 132BT UT WOS:000318043500125 ER PT J AU Watson, EB Byrne, R AF Watson, Elizabeth Burke Byrne, Roger TI Late Holocene Marsh Expansion in Southern San Francisco Bay, California SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Estuarine Stratigraphy; Marsh elevation; San Francisco Bay; Suspended sediment; Little Ice Age ID ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; SEA-LEVEL RISE; SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; JOAQUIN DELTA; LAND-USE; USA; ESTUARY; HISTORY; IMPACT AB Currently, the largest tidal wetlands restoration project on the US Pacific Coast is being planned and implemented in southern San Francisco Bay; however, knowledge of baseline conditions of salt marsh extent in the region prior to European settlement is limited. Here, analysis of 24 sediment cores collected from ten intact southern San Francisco Bay tidal marshes were used to reconstruct spatio-temporal patterns of marsh expansion to provide historic context for current restoration efforts. A process-based marsh elevation simulation model was used to identify interactions between sediment supply, sea-level rise, and marsh formation rates. A distinct age gradient was found: expansion of marshes in the central portion of southern San Francisco Bay dated to 500 to 1500 calendar years before present, while expansion of marshes in southernmost San Francisco Bay dated to 200 to 700 calendar years before present. Thus, much of the tidal marsh area mapped by US Coast Survey during the 1853-1857 period were in fact not primeval tidal marshes that had persisted for millennia but were recently formed landscapes. Marsh expansion increased during the Little Ice Age, when freshwater inflow and sediment influx were higher than during the previous millennium, and also during settlement, when land use changes, such as introduction of livestock, increased watershed erosion, and sediment delivery. C1 [Watson, Elizabeth Burke] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, ORD NHEERL, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Byrne, Roger] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Watson, EB (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, ORD NHEERL, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM elizabeth.b.watson@gmail.com; arbyrne@berkeley.edu FU Marine Conservation Biology Institute; Archaeological Research Facility, U.C. Berkeley; US Environmental Protection Agency FX Thanks to Josh Borokowski, Lorraine Cassazza, Drisanna Watson, Ben Moorman, Kelly Lindblom, Julio Angulo, and Don Watson for assistance with core collection. Funding for radiocarbon dating was provided by a Stahl Grant from the Archaeological Research Facility, U.C. Berkeley, and from a Mia Tegner grant from the Marine Conservation Biology Institute. We thank Andrew Gray, David Rice, Chuck Striplen, and Noah Knowles for helpful discussions, and Brian Atwater for constructive suggestions. Help with graphics was provided by Patricia DeCastro. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number AED-11-088 of the Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Although the information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the US Environmental Protection Agency, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 86 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2013 VL 36 IS 3 BP 643 EP 653 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9598-z PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 135NP UT WOS:000318295300017 ER PT J AU Marcot, BG Raphael, MG Schumaker, NH Galleher, B AF Marcot, Bruce G. Raphael, Martin G. Schumaker, Nathan H. Galleher, Beth TI HOW BIG AND HOW CLOSE? HABITAT PATCH SIZE AND SPACING TO CONSERVE A THREATENED SPECIES SO NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING LA English DT Article DE Dispersal model; Northern Spotted Owl; habitat size; habitat spacing; HexSim model; threatened species ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL; POTENTIAL DISPERSAL CORRIDORS; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES; OPTIMIZING DISPERSAL; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; POPULATION; METAPOPULATION; VIABILITY; MOVEMENT; IMPACT AB . We present results of a spatially explicit, individual-based stochastic dispersal model (HexSim) to evaluate effects of size and spacing of patches of habitat of Northern Spotted Owls (NSO; Strix occidentalis caurina) in Pacific Northwest, USA, to help advise recovery planning efforts. We modeled 31 artificial landscape scenarios representing combinations of NSO habitat cluster size (range 449 NSO pairs per cluster) and edge-to-edge cluster spacing (range 7101 km), and an all-habitat landscape. We ran scenarios using empirical estimates of NSO dispersal dynamics and distances and stage class vital rates (representing current population declines) and under adult survival rates adjusted to achieve an initially stationary population. Results suggested that long-term (100-yr) habitat occupancy rates are significantly higher with habitat clusters supporting 25 NSO pairs and 15 km spacing, and with overall landscapes of 3540% habitat. Although habitat provision is key to NSO recovery, no habitat configuration provided for long-term population persistence when coupled with currently observed vital rates. Results also suggested a key role of floaters (unpaired, nonterritorial, dispersing owls) in recolonizing vacant habitat, and that the floater population segment becomes increasingly depleted with greater population declines. We suggest additional areas of modeling research on this and other threatened species. C1 [Marcot, Bruce G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Raphael, Martin G.; Galleher, Beth] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Schumaker, Nathan H.] US EPA, Environm Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Marcot, BG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM bmarcot@fs.fed.us; mraphael@fs.fed.us; Schumaker.Nathan@epamail.epa.gov; BethGalleher@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX We thank R. Anthony and E. Forsman for their guidance and advice on use of demographic and dispersal data. Programmers A. Brookes and K. Djang provided the code used for HexSim. We thank an anonymous reviewer, and E. Girvetz, K. McKelvey, R. Lamberson, and B. Noon for technical reviews of the manuscript. The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division, EPA, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of EPA, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 73 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0890-8575 J9 NAT RESOUR MODEL JI Nat. Resour. Model. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 26 IS 2 BP 194 EP 214 DI 10.1111/j.1939-7445.2012.00134.x PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 134CR UT WOS:000318187800004 ER PT J AU Ankley, GT Gray, LE AF Ankley, Gerald T. Gray, L. Earl TI CROSS-SPECIES CONSERVATION OF ENDOCRINE PATHWAYS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TIER 1 FISH AND RAT SCREENING ASSAYS WITH 12 MODEL CHEMICALS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Endocrine pathways; Fish; Mammals; Toxicity testing; Risk assessment ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; TERM REPRODUCTION ASSAY; IN-VIVO ANDROGEN; FATHEAD MINNOW; OECD PROGRAM; UTEROTROPHIC BIOASSAY; ANTIANDROGEN RESPONSES; HERSHBERGER BIOASSAY; DOSE-RESPONSE; VALIDATE AB Many structural and functional aspects of the vertebrate hypothalamicpituitarygonadal (HPG) axis are known to be highly conserved, but the significance of this from a toxicological perspective has received comparatively little attention. High-quality data generated through development and validation of Tier 1 tests for the U.S. Environmenal Protection Agency Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) offer a unique opportunity to compare responses of mammals versus fish to chemicals that may affect shared pathways within the HPG axis. The present study focuses on data generated with model chemicals that act (primarily) as estrogen receptor agonists (17-ethynylestradiol, methoxychlor, bisphenol A), androgen receptor agonists (methyltestosterone, 17-trenbolone), androgen receptor antagonists (flutamide, vincolozolin, p,p-DDE), or inhibitors of different steroidogenic enzymes (ketoconazole, fadrozole, fenarimol, prochloraz). All 12 chemicals had been tested in the EDSP fish short-term (21d) reproduction assay and in one or more of the four in vivo Tier 1 screens with rats (uterotrophic, Hershberger, male and female pubertal assays). There was a high concordance between the fish and rat assays with respect to identifying chemicals that impacted specific endocrine pathways of concern. Although most chemicals were detected as positive in both rat and fish assays, eliminating data from one class of vertebrate or the other would weaken the battery. For example, the effects of competitive inhibitors of steroid hormone synthesis were far more obvious in the fish assay, whereas the activity of androgen receptor antagonists was clearer in mammalian assays. The observations are significant both to the cross-species extrapolation of toxicity of HPG-active substances and the optimization of screening and testing frameworks for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:10841087. (c) 2013 SETAC C1 [Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN USA. [Gray, L. Earl] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN USA. EM ankley.gerald@epa.gov NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 8 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1084 EP 1087 DI 10.1002/etc.2151 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 129PC UT WOS:000317852700015 PM 23401061 ER PT J AU Diamond, JM Denton, DL Roberts, JW Zheng, L AF Diamond, Jerry M. Denton, Debra L. Roberts, John W., Jr. Zheng, Lei TI EVALUATION OF THE TEST OF SIGNIFICANT TOXICITY FOR DETERMINING THE TOXICITY OF EFFLUENTS AND AMBIENT WATER SAMPLES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Effluent toxicity; Ambient toxicity; Statistics; NOEC ID BIOEQUIVALENCE; NOECS; ECX AB The test of significant toxicity (TST) is a hypothesis-testing approach based on bioequivalence developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) for analyzing whole-effluent toxicity (WET) and ambient toxicity data. The present study compares results of acute and chronic toxicity tests of effluent, storm-water, and ambient (i.e., receiving-water) samples using both the TST and the standard no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) approach. Valid WET data were analyzed from 890 tests provided by more than 25 dischargers in California and Washington, USA, representing the majority of test methods used in the U.S. WET program. An additional 3,201 freshwater chronic toxicity tests, obtained from ambient monitoring programs in California, were also analyzed. The TST and NOEC approaches both declared a low number (<6.5%) of tests toxic if effects were below the unacceptable toxicity regulatory management decision (RMD) of 25% effect in chronic tests or 20% effect in acute tests. However, those test methods having generally lower within-test variability and greater test power (e.g., urchin fertilization test) had a much lower percentage of tests declared toxic than the NOEC approach when effects were below the unacceptable toxicity RMD. In addition, the TST showed fewer tests to be nontoxic than NOEC if the test exhibited effects greater than the toxicity RMD (0.1 and 9.6% for TST and NOEC, respectively, for effluents and 0 and 9.5%, respectively, for ambient samples). Our results demonstrate that the TST is more likely to identify a toxic sample when effects are fairly substantial (25% effect in chronic testing and 20% effect in acute tests) and less likely to identify a sample as toxic when effects are negligible (10% effect). Furthermore, these results demonstrate that appropriate WET data interpretation benefits from having well-designed test methods with sufficient power to identify significant toxicity or biologically insignificant effects when they occur. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:11011108. (c) 2013 SETAC C1 [Diamond, Jerry M.; Roberts, John W., Jr.; Zheng, Lei] Tetra Tech Inc, Owings Mills, MD USA. [Denton, Debra L.] US EPA, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Diamond, JM (reprint author), Tetra Tech Inc, Owings Mills, MD USA. EM jerry.diamond@tetratech.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [C_GS10F0268K_EP-G-129-00095_0] FX We thank R. Marshall of the Washington State Department of Ecology; D. Markiewicz, previously with the University of California Davis, Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory; and many wastewater utilities in California that provided data. This study was funded by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency contract C_GS10F0268K_EP-G-129-00095_0. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1101 EP 1108 DI 10.1002/etc.2166 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 129PC UT WOS:000317852700018 PM 23400869 ER PT J AU Baxter, LK Burke, J Lunden, M Turpin, BJ Rich, DQ Thevenet-Morrison, K Hodas, N Ozkaynak, H AF Baxter, Lisa K. Burke, Janet Lunden, Melissa Turpin, Barbara J. Rich, David Q. Thevenet-Morrison, Kelly Hodas, Natasha Oezkaynak, Haluk TI Influence of human activity patterns, particle composition, and residential air exchange rates on modeled distributions of PM2.5 exposure compared with central-site monitoring data SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human activity patterns; particle composition; air exchange rates; exposure models ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; UNITED-STATES; AMBIENT PM2.5; POLLUTION; HEALTH; TIME; PHILADELPHIA; VARIABILITY; REGRESSION; LEAKAGE AB Central-site monitors do not account for factors such as outdoor-to-indoor transport and human activity patterns that influence personal exposures to ambient fine-particulate matter (PM2.5). We describe and compare different ambient PM2.5 exposure estimation approaches that incorporate human activity patterns and time-resolved location-specific particle penetration and persistence indoors. Four approaches were used to estimate exposures to ambient PM2.5 for application to the New Jersey Triggering of Myocardial Infarction Study. These include: Tier 1, central-site PM2.5 mass; Tier 2A, the Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation (SHEDS) model using literature-based air exchange rates (AERs); Tier 2B, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Aerosol Penetration and Persistence (APP) and Infiltration models; and Tier 3, the SHEDS model where AERs were estimated using the LBNL Infiltration model. Mean exposure estimates from Tier 2A, 2B, and 3 exposure modeling approaches were lower than Tier 1 central-site PM2.5 mass. Tier 2A estimates differed by season but not across the seven monitoring areas. Tier 2B and 3 geographical patterns appeared to be driven by AERs, while seasonal patterns appeared to be due to variations in PM composition and time activity patterns. These model results demonstrate heterogeneity in exposures that are not captured by the central-site monitor. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2013) 23, 241-247; doi:10.1038/jes.2012.118; published online 16 January 2013 C1 [Baxter, Lisa K.; Burke, Janet; Oezkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lunden, Melissa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Turpin, Barbara J.; Hodas, Natasha] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Rich, David Q.; Thevenet-Morrison, Kelly] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Baxter, LK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD E205-2, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM baxter.lisa@epa.gov RI Turpin, Barbara /D-8346-2012 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR-83407201-0]; NIEHS [NIEHS P30ES005022]; New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station; Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need Fellowship; EPA STAR Fellowship; US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [CR-83407201-0] FX This research was funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Cooperative Agreement CR-83407201-0), NIEHS-sponsored UMDNJ Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease (NIEHS P30ES005022), and the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station. Natasha Hodas was supported by a Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need Fellowship and an EPA STAR Fellowship. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. We thank Kristin Isaacs of the US EPA's National Exposure Laboratory and Tom Long of the US EPA's National Center for Environmental Assessment for their scientific guidance on this manuscript.; The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated the research described here under Cooperative Agreement CR-83407201-0 to Rutgers University. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 84 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2013 VL 23 IS 3 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1038/jes.2012.118 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 125QL UT WOS:000317556300003 PM 23321856 ER PT J AU Isaacs, K Burke, J Smith, L Williams, R AF Isaacs, Kristin Burke, Janet Smith, Luther Williams, Ronald TI Identifying housing and meteorological conditions influencing residential air exchange rates in the DEARS and RIOPA studies: development of distributions for human exposure modeling SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exposure modeling; empirical/statistical models; population-based studies ID PERSONAL PM2.5; UNITED-STATES; INDOOR; OUTDOOR AB Appropriate prediction of residential air exchange rate (AER) is important for estimating human exposures in the residential microenvironment, as AER drives the infiltration of outdoor-generated air pollutants indoors. AER differences among homes may result from a number of factors, including housing characteristics and meteorological conditions. Residential AER data collected in the Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS) and the Relationships of Indoor, Outdoor and Personal Air (RIOPA) study were analyzed to determine whether the influence of a number of housing and meteorological conditions on AER were consistent across four cities in different regions of the United States (Detroit MI, Elizabeth NJ, Houston TX, Los Angeles, CA). Influential factors were identified and used as binning variables for deriving final AER distributions for the use in exposure modeling. In addition, both between-home and within-home variance in AER in DEARS were quantified with the goal of identifying reasonable AER resampling frequencies for use in longitudinal exposure modeling efforts. The results of this analysis indicate that residential AER is depended on ambient temperature, the presence (or not) of central air conditioning, and the age of the home. Furthermore, between-home variability in AER accounted for the majority (67%) of the total variance in AER for Detroit homes, indicating lower within-home variability. These findings are compared with other previously published AER distributions, and the implications for exposure modeling are discussed. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2013) 23, 248-258; doi:10.1038/jes.2012.131; published online 27 February 2013 C1 [Isaacs, Kristin; Burke, Janet; Williams, Ronald] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Smith, Luther] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Isaacs, K (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Code E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM isaacs.kristin@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-05-065] FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded the research described here, partially under contract number EP-D-05-065 to Alion Science and Technology; it has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2013 VL 23 IS 3 BP 248 EP 258 DI 10.1038/jes.2012.131 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 125QL UT WOS:000317556300004 PM 23443234 ER PT J AU Isaacs, K McCurdy, T Glen, G Nysewander, M Errickson, A Forbes, S Graham, S McCurdy, L Smith, L Tulve, N Vallero, D AF Isaacs, Kristin McCurdy, Thomas Glen, Graham Nysewander, Melissa Errickson, April Forbes, Susan Graham, Stephen McCurdy, Lisa Smith, Luther Tulve, Nicolle Vallero, Daniel TI Statistical properties of longitudinal time-activity data for use in human exposure modeling SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Human activity patterns; exposure modeling; activity diaries; CHAD ID INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; COHORTS; DIARY; POPULATION; CALIFORNIA; PATTERNS; CHILDREN; DIETARY; HEALTH AB Understanding the longitudinal properties of the time spent in different locations and activities is important in characterizing human exposure to pollutants. The results of a four-season longitudinal time-activity diary study in eight working adults are presented, with the goal of improving the parameterization of human activity algorithms in EPA's exposure modeling efforts. Despite the longitudinal, multi-season nature of the study, participant non-compliance with the protocol over time did not play a major role in data collection. The diversity (D) a ranked intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and lag-one autocorrelation (A) statistics of study participants are presented for time spent in outdoor, motor vehicle, residential, and other-indoor locations. Day-type (workday versus non-workday, and weekday versus weekend), season, temperature, and gender differences in the time spent in selected locations and activities are described, and D & A statistics are presented. The overall D and ICC values ranged from approximately 0.08-0.26, while the mean population rank A values ranged from approximately 0.19-0.36. These statistics indicate that intra-individual variability exceeds explained inter-individual variability, and low day-to-day correlations among locations. Most exposure models do not address these behavioral characteristics, and thus underestimate population exposure distributions and subsequent health risks associated with environmental exposures. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2013) 23, 328-336; doi:10.1038/jes.2012.94; published online 10 October 2012 C1 [Isaacs, Kristin; McCurdy, Thomas; Errickson, April; Graham, Stephen; Tulve, Nicolle; Vallero, Daniel] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Glen, Graham; Nysewander, Melissa; Smith, Luther] Alion Sci & Technol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Errickson, April; Forbes, Susan] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Isaacs, K (reprint author), US EPA, MD E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM issacs.kristin@epa.gov NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2013 VL 23 IS 3 BP 328 EP 336 DI 10.1038/jes.2012.94 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 125QL UT WOS:000317556300014 PM 23047319 ER PT J AU Shanks, OC Newton, RJ Kelty, CA Huse, SM Sogin, ML McLellan, SL AF Shanks, Orin C. Newton, Ryan J. Kelty, Catherine A. Huse, Susan M. Sogin, Mitchell L. McLellan, Sandra L. TI Comparison of the Microbial Community Structures of Untreated Wastewaters from Different Geographic Locales SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER TREATMENT-PLANT; WASTE-WATER; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; FECAL POLLUTION; RARE BIOSPHERE; SP NOV.; POPULATION; TRICHOCOCCUS; QUALITY; SEWAGE AB Microbial sewage communities consist of a combination of human fecal microorganisms and nonfecal microorganisms, which may be residents of urban sewer infrastructure or flowthrough originating from gray water or rainwater inputs. Together, these different microorganism sources form an identifiable community structure that may serve as a signature for sewage discharges and as candidates for alternative indicators specific for human fecal pollution. However, the structure and variability of this community across geographic space remains uncharacterized. We used massively parallel 454 pyrosequencing of the V6 region in 16S rRNA genes to profile microbial communities from 13 untreated sewage influent samples collected from a wide range of geographic locations in the United States. We obtained a total of 380,175 high-quality sequences for sequence-based clustering, taxonomic analyses, and profile comparisons. The sewage profile included a discernible core human fecal signature made up of several abundant taxonomic groups within Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. DNA sequences were also classified into fecal, sewage infrastructure (i.e., nonfecal), and transient groups based on data comparisons with fecal samples. Across all sewage samples, an estimated 12.1% of sequences were fecal in origin, while 81.4% were consistently associated with the sewage infrastructure. The composition of feces-derived operational taxonomic units remained congruent across all sewage samples regardless of geographic locale; however, the sewage infrastructure community composition varied among cities, with city latitude best explaining this variation. Together, these results suggest that untreated sewage microbial communities harbor a core group of fecal bacteria across geographically dispersed wastewater sewage lines and that ambient water quality indicators targeting these select core microorganisms may perform well across the United States. C1 [Shanks, Orin C.; Kelty, Catherine A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Newton, Ryan J.; McLellan, Sandra L.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Great Lakes Water Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Huse, Susan M.; Sogin, Mitchell L.] Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Huse, Susan M.] Brown Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP McLellan, SL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Great Lakes Water Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM mclellan@uwm.edu FU National Institutes of Health [1 R21 AI076970-02, 1 R21 AI076970-S] FX Funding for this project was provided by National Institutes of Health grants 1 R21 AI076970-02 and 1 R21 AI076970-S to S.L.M. NR 40 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 78 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 79 IS 9 BP 2906 EP 2913 DI 10.1128/AEM.03448-12 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 124OT UT WOS:000317474800007 PM 23435885 ER PT J AU Lombi, E Donner, E Taheri, S Tavakkoli, E Jamting, AK McClure, S Naidu, R Miller, BW Scheckel, KG Vasilev, K AF Lombi, Enzo Donner, Erica Taheri, Shima Tavakkoli, Ehsan Jaemting, Asa K. McClure, Stuart Naidu, Ravi Miller, Bradley W. Scheckel, Kirk G. Vasilev, Krasimir TI Transformation of four silver/silver chloride nanoparticles during anaerobic treatment of wastewater and post-processing of sewage sludge SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Silver nanoparticles; Waste water treatment; Speciation; Sewage sludge ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SPECIATION; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; FATE; BIOAVAILABILITY; DISSOLUTION; BIOSOLIDS AB The increasing use of silver (Ag) nanoparticles [containing either elemental Ag (Ag-NPs) or AgCl (AgCl-NPs)] in commercial products such as textiles will most likely result in these materials reaching wastewater treatment plants. Previous studies indicate that a conversion of Ag-NPs to Ag2S is to be expected during wastewater transport/treatment. However, the influence of surface functionality, the nature of the core structure and the effect of post-processing on Ag speciation in sewage sludge/biosolids has not been investigated. This study aims at closing these knowledge gaps using bench scale anaerobic digesters spiked with Ag nitrate, three different types of Ag-NPs, and AgCl-NPs at environmentally realistic concentrations. The results indicate that neither surface functionality nor the different compositions of the NP prevented the formation of Ag2S. Silver sulfides, unlike the sulfides of other metals present in sewage sludge, were stable over a six month period simulating composting/stockpiling. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lombi, Enzo; Donner, Erica; Tavakkoli, Ehsan; McClure, Stuart; Naidu, Ravi] Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia. [Donner, Erica; Naidu, Ravi] CRC CARE, Salisbury, SA 5106, Australia. [Taheri, Shima; Vasilev, Krasimir] Univ S Australia, Mawson Inst, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia. [Taheri, Shima; Vasilev, Krasimir] Univ S Australia, Sch Adv Mfg, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia. [Jaemting, Asa K.] Natl Measurement Inst Australia, West Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia. [Miller, Bradley W.; Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Lombi, E (reprint author), Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Bldg 10, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia. EM enzo.lombi@unisa.edu.au RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; Taheri, Shima/D-1571-2011; Lombi, Enzo/F-3860-2013; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Donner, Erica/A-4809-2012 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Taheri, Shima/0000-0002-8959-1825; Lombi, Enzo/0000-0003-3384-0375; Donner, Erica/0000-0001-6465-2233 FU Australian Research Council [FT100100337, DP120101115]; ARC [FT100100292]; Jane Gillooly Memorial Award; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development; Department of Energy; MRCAT FX Enzo Lombi is a recipient of an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT100100337). Funding support from the Australian Research Council is also acknowledged in relation to Discovery Project DP120101115. Krasimir Vasilev thanks the ARC for support through fellowship FT100100292. Erica Donner gratefully acknowledges support towards this research in the form of the Jane Gillooly Memorial Award. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed a portion of the research described here. It has not been subject to Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. No official endorsement should be inferred. MRCAT operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT member institutions. NR 34 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 10 U2 165 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 176 BP 193 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.029 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 118ME UT WOS:000317028800026 PM 23434771 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JJ Arango, CP Balz, DA Shuster, WD AF Beaulieu, Jake J. Arango, Clay P. Balz, David A. Shuster, William D. TI Continuous monitoring reveals multiple controls on ecosystem metabolism in a suburban stream SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autotrophic respiration; desiccation; hysteresis; photosynthesisirradiance curve ID OXYGEN CHANGE TECHNIQUE; ORGANIC-MATTER; GAS-EXCHANGE; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES; HEADWATER STREAM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE; RIVER; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESPIRATION AB 1. Primary production and respiration in streams, collectively referred to as stream ecosystem metabolism, are fundamental processes that determine trophic structure, biomass and nutrient cycling. Few studies have used high-frequency measurements of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) over extended periods to characterise the factors that control stream ecosystem metabolism at hourly, daily, seasonal and annual scales. 2. We measured ecosystem metabolism at 5-min intervals for 23months in Shepherd Creek, a small suburban stream in Cincinnati, Ohio (U.S.A.). 3. Daily GPP was best predicted by a model containing light and its synergistic interaction with water temperature. Water temperature alone was not significantly related to daily GPP, rather high temperatures enhanced the capacity of autotrophs to use available light. 4. The relationship between GPP and light was further explored using photosynthesisirradiance curves (PI curves). Light saturation of GPP was evident throughout the winter and spring and the PI curve frequently exhibited strong counterclockwise hysteresis. Hysteresis occurred when water temperatures were greater in the afternoon than in the morning, although light was similar, further suggesting that light availability interacts synergistically with water temperature. 5. Storm flows strongly depressed GPP in the spring while desiccation arrested aquatic GPP and ER in late summer and autumn. 6. Ecosystem respiration was best predicted by GPP, water temperature and the rate of water exchange between the surface channel and transient storage zones. We estimate that c.70% of newly fixed carbon was immediately respired by autotrophs and closely associated heterotrophs. 7. Interannual, seasonal, daily and hourly variability in ecosystem metabolism was attributable to a combination of light availability, water temperature, storm flow dynamics and desiccation. Human activities affect all these factors in urban and suburban streams, suggesting stream ecosystem processes are likely to respond in complex ways to changing land use and climate. C1 [Beaulieu, Jake J.; Shuster, William D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Arango, Clay P.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ellensburg, WA USA. [Balz, David A.] Pegasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Beaulieu, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W MLK Dr Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM beaulieu.jake@epa.gov NR 81 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 111 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 58 IS 5 BP 918 EP 937 DI 10.1111/fwb.12097 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 126NZ UT WOS:000317625900007 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Wade, TG Riitters, KH AF Wickham, James D. Wade, Timothy G. Riitters, Kurt H. TI Empirical analysis of the influence of forest extent on annual and seasonal surface temperatures for the continental United States SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Albedo; climate change; ecosystem services; land cover; MODIS; NLCD; scale; sustainability ID LAND-COVER CHANGE; SCALE DEFORESTATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON-CYCLE; FRAGMENTATION; IMPACT; EDGE; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; FORCINGS AB Aim Because of the low albedo of forests and other biophysical factors, most scenario-based climate modelling studies indicate that removal of temperate forest will promote cooling, indicating that temperate forests are a source of heat relative to other classes of land cover. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that US temperate forests reduce surface temperatures. Location The continental United States. Methods Ordinary least squares regression was used to develop relationships between forest extent and surface temperature. Forest extent was derived from the 900m2 2001 National Land Cover Database (NLCD 2001) and surface temperature data were from the MODIS 1 km2 8-day composite (MYD11A2). Forestsurface temperature relationships were developed for winter, spring, summer, autumn and annually using 5 years of MODIS land surface temperature data (200711) across six spatial scales (1, 4, 9, 16, 25 and 36 km2). Regression models controlled for the effects of elevation, aspect and latitude (by constraining the regressions within a 1 degrees range). Results We did not find any significant positive slopes in regressions of average annual surface temperatures versus the proportion of forest, indicating that forests are not a source of heat relative to other types of land cover. We found that surface temperatures declined as the proportion of forest increased for spring, summer, autumn and annually. The forestsurface temperature relationship was also scale dependent in that spatially extensive forests produced cooler surface temperatures than forests that were dominant only locally. Main conclusions Our results are not consistent with most scenario-based climate modelling studies. Because of their warming potential, the value of temperate afforestation as a potential climate change mitigation strategy is unclear. Our results indicate that temperate afforestation is a climate change mitigation strategy that should be implemented to promote spatially extensive forests. C1 [Wickham, James D.; Wade, Timothy G.] US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Riitters, Kurt H.] USFS, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA E243 05, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Calli Jenkerson (United States Geological Survey) assisted with the acquisition of the MODIS LST data. We thank David Bradford (US Environmental Protection Agency) and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of the paper. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 22 IS 5 BP 620 EP 629 DI 10.1111/geb.12013 PG 10 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 127CP UT WOS:000317673200010 ER PT J AU Fu, X Wang, SX Zhao, B Xing, J Cheng, Z Liu, H Hao, JM AF Fu, Xiao Wang, Shuxiao Zhao, Bin Xing, Jia Cheng, Zhen Liu, Huan Hao, Jiming TI Emission inventory of primary pollutants and chemical speciation in 2010 for the Yangtze River Delta region, China SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Emission inventory; PM2.5 speciation; VOC speciation; Yangtze River Delta ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FIRED POWER-PLANTS; ON-ROAD VEHICLES; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS; PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-QUALITY; COMBUSTION; PARTICLES; DATABASE; STOVES AB We developed a high-resolution emission inventory of primary air pollutants for Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, which included Shanghai plus 24 cities in the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The emissions of SO2, NOX, PM10, PM2.5, NMVOCs and NH3 in the year of 2010 were estimated as 2147 kt, 2776 kt, 1006 kt, 643 kt, 3822 kt and 1439 kt, respectively. Power plants are the largest emission sources for SO2 and NOX, which contributes 44.1% and 37.3% of total SO2 and NOX emissions. Emissions from industrial process accounted for 26.9%, 28.9% and 33.7% of the total PM10, PM2.5 and NMVOCs respectively. Besides, 37.3% of NMVOCs emissions were contributed by solvent use. Livestock and fertilizer application contribute over 90% of NH3 emissions. High emission densities are visible in Shanghai and the area around Tai Lake. This emission inventory includes the speciation of PM2.5 for the YRD region for the first time, which is important to source apportionment and secondary-pollution analysis. In 2010, emissions of three major PM2.5 species, namely OC, EC and sulfate, are 136.9 kt, 75.0 kt and 76.2 kt, respectively. Aromatics and alkanes are the main NMVOC species, accounting for 30.4% and 20.3% of total VOCs. Non-road transportation and biomass burning were main uncertain sources because of a lack of proper activity and emission factor data. Compared with other pollutants, NMVOCs and NH3 have higher uncertainty. From 2000 to 2010, emissions of all pollutants have changed significantly, suggesting that the newly updated and high-resolution emission inventory will be useful for the identification of air pollution sources in YRD. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fu, Xiao; Wang, Shuxiao; Zhao, Bin; Xing, Jia; Cheng, Zhen; Liu, Huan; Hao, Jiming] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Xing, Jia] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wang, SX (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM shxwang@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; xing, jia/O-1784-2014; Liu, Huan/E-7500-2015; wang, shuxiao/H-5990-2011 OI Liu, Huan/0000-0002-2217-0591; wang, shuxiao/0000-0001-9727-1963 FU MEP's Special Funds for Research on Public Welfares [201009001, 2011467003, 200909002]; special fund of State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control [12L05ESPC] FX This work was sponsored by the MEP's Special Funds for Research on Public Welfares (201009001, 2011467003, 200909002), and special fund of State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (12L05ESPC). The authors appreciate it very much for valuable comments from Prof. Scott Voorhees at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Dr. Zhang Lei at Tsinghua University. NR 65 TC 62 Z9 80 U1 30 U2 274 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 70 BP 39 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.034 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120GK UT WOS:000317158600005 ER PT J AU Poor, ND Cross, LM Dennis, RL AF Poor, Noreen D. Cross, Lindsay M. Dennis, Robin L. TI Lessons learned from the Bay Region Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE) and implications for nitrogen management of Tampa Bay SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Florida; Atmospheric deposition; Ammonia; Nitrogen oxides; CMAQ-UCD ID NOAA BUOY MODEL; NITRIC-ACID; WET DEPOSITION; ORGANIC NITROGEN; DRY DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; CMAQ MODEL; TWIN OTTER; SEA-SALT; AEROSOL AB Results from air quality modeling and field measurements made as part of the Bay Region Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE) along with related scientific literature were reviewed to provide an improved estimate of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (N) deposition to Tampa Bay, to apportion atmospheric N between local and remote sources, and to assess the impact of regulatory drivers on N deposition to Tampa Bay. Simulations using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model v4.4 modified with the University of California Davis aerosol module (CMAQ-UCD) provided a framework for this review. For 2002, CMAQ-UCD modeled atmospheric loading rates were 6910 metric tons N to the land surface of the watershed and 548 metric tons N to bay surface of the watershed, respectively. If an 18% transfer rate of atmospherically-deposited N from watershed to bay is assumed, then the corresponding atmospheric loading to Tampa Bay was 1790 metric tons N or 57% of the total N loading to the bay. From CMAQ-UCD modeling, oxidized N sources both within and outside Tampa Bay's watershed were important contributors to atmospheric N loading to the bay. Within the watershed, oxidized N emissions from mobile sources had a disproportionately larger impact than did power plant sources on atmospheric N loading. Predicted decreases in atmospheric N deposition to Tampa Bay by 2010 due to regulatory drivers were significant, and plausibly evident in recent declines in ambient air NO concentrations in urban Tampa and St. Petersburg. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Poor, Noreen D.] Kivmetrics LLC, Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. [Cross, Lindsay M.] Tampa Bay Estuary Program, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Dennis, Robin L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Poor, ND (reprint author), Kivmetrics LLC, 1282 York Circle, Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. EM noreen.poor@att.net FU Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) through Tampa Bay Estuary Program (TBEP) under FDEP [AQ206] FX This research was funded by Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) through Tampa Bay Estuary Program (TBEP) under FDEP Contract AQ206. Air quality data were provided courtesy of the Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County and the Pinellas County Department of Environment and Infrastructure (formerly Department of Environmental Management). Noreen Poor is affiliated with the University of South Florida College of Public Health. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of commercial products does not constitute endorsement by the Agency. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 70 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.030 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120GK UT WOS:000317158600008 ER PT J AU Zhou, W Cohan, DS Napelenok, SL AF Zhou, Wei Cohan, Daniel S. Napelenok, Sergey L. TI Reconciling NOx emissions reductions and ozone trends in the US, 2002-2006 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ozone changes; Emission changes; Emission uncertainty; Chemical reaction rate; NOx SIP Call; NOx control ID AIR-QUALITY MODELS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; DYNAMIC EVALUATION; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; INVENTORIES; POLLUTION AB Dynamic evaluation seeks to assess the ability of photochemical models to replicate changes in air quality as emissions and other conditions change. When a model fails to replicate an observed change, a key challenge is to discern whether the discrepancy is caused by errors in meteorological simulations, errors in emission magnitudes and changes, or inaccurate responses of simulated pollutant concentrations to emission changes. In this study, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is applied to simulate the ozone (O-3) change after the NOx SIP Call and mobile emission controls substantially reduced nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions in the eastern U.S. from 2002 to 2006. For both modeled and observed O-3, changes in episode average daily maximal 8-h O-3 were highly correlated (R-2 = 0.89) with changes in the 95th percentile, although the magnitudes of reductions increased nonlinearly at high percentile O-3 concentrations. Observed downward changes in mean NOx (-11.6 to -2.5 ppb) and 8-h O-3 (-10.4 to -4.7 ppb) concentrations in metropolitan areas in the NOx SIP Call region were under-predicted by 31%-64% and 26%-66%, respectively. The under-predicted O-3 improvements in the NOx SIP Call region could not be explained by adjusting for temperature biases in the meteorological input, or by considering uncertainties in the chemical reaction rate constants. However, the under-prediction in O-3 improvements could be alleviated by 5%-31% by constraining NOx emissions in each year based on observed NOx concentrations. This demonstrates the crucial need to accurately characterize changes in precursor emissions when dynamically evaluating a model's ability to simulate O-3 responses to those changes. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhou, Wei; Cohan, Daniel S.] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Napelenok, Sergey L.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zhou, W (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM wei.zorro@gmail.com RI Cohan, Daniel/E-6595-2010; Napelenok, Sergey/I-7986-2014; zhou, wei/E-9807-2011 OI Cohan, Daniel/0000-0003-0415-7980; Napelenok, Sergey/0000-0002-7038-7445; FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development; National Science Foundation [087386] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed parts of the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication.; This research was financially supported by National Science Foundation CAREER Award Grant 087386. We thank EPA AQS and CASTNet for providing the air quality and meteorological data. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 52 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 70 BP 236 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.038 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120GK UT WOS:000317158600023 ER PT J AU Todini, E Rossman, LA AF Todini, Ezio Rossman, Lewis A. TI Unified Framework for Deriving Simultaneous Equation Algorithms for Water Distribution Networks SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Water distribution networks; Simultaneous equations algorithms; Newton-Raphson; Linear theory ID STEADY-STATE SIMULATION; GAS NETWORKS AB The known formulations for steady-state hydraulics within looped water distribution networks are rederived in terms of linear and nonlinear transformations of the original set of partly linear and partly nonlinear equations that express conservation of mass and energy. All of these formulations lead to a system of nonlinear equations that can be linearized as a function of the chosen unknowns using either the Newton-Raphson (NR) or the linear theory (LT) approaches. This produces a number of different algorithms, some of which are already known in the literature, whereas others have been originally developed within this work. For the sake of clarity, all the different algorithms were rederived using the same analytical approach and a unified notation. They were all applied to the same test case network with randomly perturbed demands to compare their convergence characteristics. The results show that all of the linearly transformed formulations have exactly the same convergence rate, whose value depends on whether a NR or LT algorithm was used, and that they converge faster than the nonlinearly transformed formulations do. A number of computational factors suggest that the global algorithm, in either its NR or LT form, is the most attractive of the various formulations to implement. DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000703. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Todini, Ezio] Univ Bologna, Dept Earth & Geoenvironm Sci, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Rossman, Lewis A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Todini, E (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Earth & Geoenvironm Sci, Piazza Porta S Donato 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM ezio.todini@unibo.it; Rossman.Lewis@epamail.epa.gov FU Advanced Study Institute of the University of Durham (U.K.) FX A large portion of the programming and simulation work was carried out by Professor Todini during his Fellowship (October-December 2009) at the Advanced Study Institute of the University of Durham (U.K.). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, collaborated in the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2013 VL 139 IS 5 BP 511 EP 526 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000703 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 123XH UT WOS:000317424700006 ER PT J AU Bollman, MA King, GA Watrud, LS Johnson, MG AF Bollman, Michael A. King, George A. Watrud, Lidia S. Johnson, Mark G. TI Seasonal Soil Moisture Patterns in Contrasting Habitats in the Willamette Valley, Oregon SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wet prairie; oak savanna; climate change; plant community ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST PRAIRIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OAK WOODLANDS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; INTERIOR VALLEYS; INVASIVE PLANTS; WALDRON ISLAND; DOUGLAS-FIR; WHITE OAK; WETLANDS AB Changing seasonal soil moisture regimes caused by global warming may alter plant community composition in sensitive or endangered habitats such as wetlands and oak savannas. To evaluate such changes, an understanding of typical seasonal soil moisture regimes is necessary. The primary objective of this study was to document seasonal soil moisture patterns in herbaceous plant communities across a range of soils typical of Willamette Valley wet prairie, floodplain, and oak savanna habitats. Volumetric soil moisture data were collected periodically from January 2010 through December 2011 at study sites using time domain reflectometry and converted to plant-available soil moisture using moisture release data for each of the soils. In addition, plant communities, soil texture, and soil chemical attributes were evaluated at all sites. Both 2010 and 2011 experienced unusually high spring rainfall, and soils did not begin dry down until about the third week in June. The length of the dry period was similar in both years, but in 2011 it was shifted from mid-July through early September to early August through early October. Well-drained floodplain soils consistently had the lowest soil moisture contents in both years. Wet prairie sites began to dry down shortly after oak savanna sites, and their rates and severity of dry down were similar. These results suggest that the composition of herbaceous plant communities in wet prairie habitats may be influenced more by winter and spring inundation than by summer drought and that the timing of rainfall events during the dry period could influence plant community composition. C1 [Bollman, Michael A.; Watrud, Lidia S.; Johnson, Mark G.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [King, George A.] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Bollman, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM bollman.mike@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development FX Thanks to Jock Beall (USFWS, W. L. Finley NWR), Jennifer Beathe (Starker Forests), Drew Foster (City of Adair Village), Al Kitzman (Benton County Natural Areas and Parks Dept.), Jeff Light (Plum Creek Timber Co.), and Irene Pilgrim (Oregon State University) for providing access to study sites; and Matt Fillmore (NRCS) for providing input regarding proposed study soils. We would also like to thank Connie Burdick (United States Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR) for creating Figure 1, and the Oregon State University (OSU) Central Analytical Laboratory for soil moisture and chemistry analyses. We also appreciate thoughtful reviews by Dan Sullivan (OSU Crop and Soil Science Dept.) and two anonymous reviewers. This research was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement for use. The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 23 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 87 IS 2 BP 161 EP 177 DI 10.3955/046.087.0207 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 119RD UT WOS:000317114200007 ER PT J AU Santavy, DL Courtney, LA Fisher, WS Quarles, RL Jordan, SJ AF Santavy, Deborah L. Courtney, Lee A. Fisher, William S. Quarles, Robert L. Jordan, Stephen J. TI Estimating surface area of sponges and gorgonians as indicators of habitat availability on Caribbean coral reefs SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Marine sponges; Gorgonians 3D Surface area; Structural habitat availability; Fish habitat; Ecosystem services ID FISH ASSEMBLAGES; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; COLONY; QUANTIFICATION; TOMOGRAPHY; PLASTICITY; MANAGEMENT; CALCULATE; GROWTH AB A rapid method to estimate the three-dimensional (3D) surface area (SA) of marine gorgonians and sponges from field measurements of colony height, diameter, and morphology was developed as an indicator of habitat availability for fish and invertebrates. Colony characteristics for sponges and gorgonians were compiled from field measurements, expert judgment, and taxonomic literature, and employed to generate 3D images using computer-aided design software. The images were used to test various statistical models and geometric surrogates that best estimated SA using only height and diameter measurements. A morphological classification system was devised using shapes and relative proportions of sponges and gorgonians which are commonly found in shallow waters (< 25 m depth) of the Central Western Atlantic Ocean. Regression models (linear, quadratic, or cubic) were found to be more robust than geometric surrogates, exhibiting greater accuracy at range extremes. Statistical models explained over 90% of the variation in SA and forecast errors of less than 20%. The best models for estimating SA are presented for eight sponge and nine gorgonian morphologies. Application of these methods with existing estimators for stony corals SA can be used as an indicator of structural habitat availability, which is an important ecosystem service of coral reefs. C1 [Santavy, Deborah L.; Courtney, Lee A.; Fisher, William S.; Quarles, Robert L.; Jordan, Stephen J.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Santavy, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM santavy.debbie@epa.gov FU US EPA FX The article is dedicated to our colleague and friend Robert Quarles who passed through life too quickly. We thank Janet Phipps (Palm Beach County) for sponge and octocoral information from SE Florida, Jennifer Wheaton0 (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission) for discussions of composite model development, and Stephen Cairns (NMNH, Smithsonian Institution) for access to taxonomic literature. Field work was supported by the crew of US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) OSV Bold, Peggy Harris and Jed Campbell. Photos were provided by Charles LoBue (USEPA, Region 2) and George Robertson (Seattle, WA). Several sponge pictures were used with permission from the Sponge Guide (Zea et al., 2009). The comments of three anonymous reviewers to an earlier version of this manuscript are greatly acknowledged. This research has been funded in full by the US EPA. It has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number 1376 from the Gulf Ecology Division. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAY PY 2013 VL 707 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s10750-012-1359-7 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 108YM UT WOS:000316332300001 ER PT J AU Paci, L Gelfand, AE Holland, DM AF Paci, Lucia Gelfand, Alan E. Holland, David M. TI Spatio-temporal modeling for real-time ozone forecasting SO SPATIAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Data fusion; Hierarchical model; Kriging; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Space-time covariance; Time differencing ID NUMERICAL-MODELS; SPACE; DOWNSCALER; OUTPUT AB Accurate assessment of exposure to ambient ozone concentrations is important for informing the public and pollution monitoring agencies about ozone levels that may lead to adverse health effects. A practical challenge facing the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is to provide real-time forecasting of current 8 h average ozone exposure over the entire conterminous United States. Such real-time forecasting is now provided as spatial forecast maps of current 8 h average ozone defined as the average of the previous four hours, current hour, and predictions for the next three hours. Current patterns are updated hourly throughout the day on the EPA-AIRNow web site. Our contribution is to show how we can substantially improve upon current real-time forecasting systems. We introduce a down-scaler fusion model based on first differences of real- time monitoring data and numerical model output. The model has a flexible coefficient structure with an efficient computational strategy to fit model parameters. This strategy can be viewed as hybrid in that it blends offline model fitting with online predictions followed by fast spatial interpolation to produce the desired real- time forecast maps. Model validation for the eastern US shows consequential improvement of our fully inferential approach compared with the existing implementations. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Paci, Lucia; Gelfand, Alan E.] Duke Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Holland, David M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Paci, L (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Stat Sci, Via Belle Arti 41, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. EM lucia.paci2@unibo.it; alan@stat.duke.edu; holland.david@epa.gov FU Marco Polo Fellowship of the University of Bologna; Italian Ministry of Universities and Scientific and Technological Research [RBFR12URQJ] FX The authors thank Daniela Cocchi and Tommy Leininger for help in the preparation of this manuscript. The research of the first author was supported in part by the Marco Polo Fellowship of the University of Bologna and part by a 2012 grant (project no. RBFR12URQJ) provided by the Italian Ministry of Universities and Scientific and Technological Research. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2211-6753 J9 SPAT STAT-NETH JI Spat. Stat. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 4 BP 79 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.spasta.2013.04.003 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Geology; Mathematics; Remote Sensing GA AW9RY UT WOS:000346596000006 PM 24010052 ER PT J AU Smith, LM Case, JL Smith, HM Harwell, LC Summers, JK AF Smith, Lisa M. Case, Jason L. Smith, Heather M. Harwell, Linda C. Summers, J. K. TI Relating ecoystem services to domains of human well-being: Foundation for a US index SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Basic needs; Happiness; Subjective well-being; Composite index structure; Economic well-being; Ecosystem services; Human well-being; Well-being domains ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; NATURE RELATEDNESS; NATIONAL-INDEX; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN HEALTH; TIME USE; SATISFACTION; HAPPINESS; SCIENCE; SUSTAINABILITY AB Humans are dependent upon the services provided by nature, and unless we effectively account for the range of values from ecosystems in our efforts to protect the environment, we cannot sustain human well-being. In light of this dependence, a national measure of well-being is needed which is responsive to changes in the provisioning of ecosystem services as well as service flows from economic and social sectors. To conceptualize the eco-human linkages we must identify the measurable components of wellbeing that can be related to ecosystem service provisioning. The indicators and metrics used in existing well-being indices provide a basis for developing a core set of domains to develop such a composite measure of well-being; however these indices lack the ability to link well-being endpoints specifically to service flows from different types of capital. This paper suggests a core set of well-being domains that can be linked to ecosystem services via their relationship to economic, environmental and societal well-being. The well-being domains identified will serve as the foundation for developing an index of well-being for the U.S. which will be used to evaluate the provisioning of ecosystem, economic and social services in a predictive modeling framework. We present an overview of selected well-being measures and discuss the potential relationships between ecosystem services and the domains selected to develop the index structure. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Smith, Lisa M.; Harwell, Linda C.; Summers, J. K.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Case, Jason L.; Smith, Heather M.] Univ W Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. RP Smith, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM smith.lisam@epa.gov RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number 1394 from the Gulf Ecology Division. NR 131 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 13 U2 151 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 28 SI SI BP 79 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.02.032 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 095HK UT WOS:000315325100009 ER PT J AU Zhu, L Henze, DK Cady-Pereira, KE Shephard, MW Luo, M Pinder, RW Bash, JO Jeong, GR AF Zhu, L. Henze, D. K. Cady-Pereira, K. E. Shephard, M. W. Luo, M. Pinder, R. W. Bash, J. O. Jeong, G. -R. TI Constraining U.S. ammonia emissions using TES remote sensing observations and the GEOS-Chem adjoint model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY MODELS; UNITED-STATES; PART II; NITROGEN; POLLUTION; NITRATE; TRENDS; PM2.5; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY AB Ammonia (NH3) has significant impacts on biodiversity, eutrophication, and acidification. Widespread uncertainty in the magnitude and seasonality of NH3 emissions hinders efforts to address these issues. In this work, we constrain U. S. NH3 sources using observations from the TES satellite instrument with the GEOS-Chem model and its adjoint. The inversion framework is first validated using simulated observations. We then assimilate TES observations for April, July, and October of 2006 through 2009. The adjoint-based inversion allows emissions to be adjusted heterogeneously; they are found to increase in California throughout the year, increase in different regions of the West depending upon season, and exhibit smaller increases and occasional decreases in the Eastern U. S. Evaluations of the inversion using independent surface measurements show reduced model underestimates of surface NH3 and wet deposited NHx in April and October; however, the constrained simulation in July leads to overestimates of these quantities, while TES observations are still under predicted. Modeled sulfate and nitrate aerosols concentrations do not change significantly, and persistent nitrate overestimation is noted, consistent with previous studies. Overall, while satellite-based constraints on NH3 emissions improve model simulations in several aspects, additional assessment at higher horizontal resolution of spatial sampling bias, nitric acid formation, and diurnal variability and bi-directionality of NH3 sources may be necessary to enhance year-round model performance across the full range of gas and aerosol evaluations. C1 [Zhu, L.; Henze, D. K.; Jeong, G. -R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cady-Pereira, K. E.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Shephard, M. W.] Atmospher & Climate Applicat Inc, East Gwillimbury, ON, Canada. [Shephard, M. W.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Luo, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Pinder, R. W.; Bash, J. O.; Jeong, G. -R.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Henze, DK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM daven.henze@colorado.edu RI Bash, Jesse/E-9688-2013; Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Bash, Jesse/0000-0001-8736-0102 FU NASA [NNX09AN77G, NNX10AG63G]; EPA STAR [RD834559] FX This work is supported by NASA grants NNX09AN77G and NNX10AG63G and EPA STAR award RD834559. While this manuscript has been reviewed by the Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication, it may not reflect official agency views or policies. NR 58 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 8 BP 3355 EP 3368 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50166 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155JQ UT WOS:000319744200028 ER PT J AU Lin, YH Zhang, HF Pye, HOT Zhang, ZF Marth, WJ Park, S Arashiro, M Cui, TQ Budisulistiorini, H Sexton, KG Vizuete, W Xie, Y Luecken, DJ Piletic, IR Edney, EO Bartolotti, LJ Gold, A Surratt, JD AF Lin, Ying-Hsuan Zhang, Haofei Pye, Havala O. T. Zhang, Zhenfa Marth, Wendy J. Park, Sarah Arashiro, Maiko Cui, Tianqu Budisulistiorini, Hapsari Sexton, Kenneth G. Vizuete, William Xie, Ying Luecken, Deborah J. Piletic, Ivan R. Edney, Edward O. Bartolotti, Libero J. Gold, Avram Surratt, Jason D. TI Epoxide as a precursor to secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene photooxidation in the presence of nitrogen oxides SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE air pollution; anthropogenic; biogenic; particulate matter; fine aerosol ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; GAS-PHASE REACTION; 2-METHYLGLYCERIC ACID; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; MASTER EQUATION; SOA FORMATION; NOX; OH; METHACROLEIN AB Isoprene is a substantial contributor to the global secondary organic aerosol (SOA) burden, with implications for public health and the climate system. The mechanism by which isoprene-derived SOA is formed and the influence of environmental conditions, however, remain unclear. We present evidence from controlled smog chamber experiments and field measurements that in the presence of high levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) typical of urban atmospheres, 2-methyloxirane-2-carboxylic acid (methacrylic acid epoxide, MAE) is a precursor to known isoprene-derived SOA tracers, and ultimately to SOA. We propose that MAE arises from decomposition of the OH adduct of methacryloylperoxynitrate (MPAN). This hypothesis is supported by the similarity of SOA constituents derived from MAE to those from photooxidation of isoprene, methacrolein, and MPAN under high-NOx conditions. Strong support is further derived from computational chemistry calculations and Community Multiscale Air Quality model simulations, yielding predictions consistent with field observations. Field measurements taken in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, considered along with the modeling results indicate the atmospheric significance and relevance of MAE chemistry across the United States, especially in urban areas heavily impacted by isoprene emissions. Identification of MAE implies a major role of atmospheric epoxides in forming SOA from isoprene photooxidation. Updating current atmospheric modeling frameworks with MAE chemistry could improve the way that SOA has been attributed to isoprene based on ambient tracer measurements, and lead to SOA parameterizations that better capture the dependency of yield on NOx. C1 [Lin, Ying-Hsuan; Zhang, Haofei; Zhang, Zhenfa; Marth, Wendy J.; Park, Sarah; Arashiro, Maiko; Cui, Tianqu; Budisulistiorini, Hapsari; Sexton, Kenneth G.; Vizuete, William; Gold, Avram; Surratt, Jason D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Pye, Havala O. T.; Xie, Ying; Luecken, Deborah J.; Piletic, Ivan R.; Edney, Edward O.] US EPA, Nat Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bartolotti, Libero J.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Chem, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Surratt, JD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM surratt@unc.edu RI Pye, Havala/F-5392-2012; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; Lin, Ying-Hsuan/J-4023-2014; OI Pye, Havala/0000-0002-2014-2140; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Lin, Ying-Hsuan/0000-0001-8904-1287; vizuete, william/0000-0002-1399-2948 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES010126]; Electric Power Research Institute; UNC Graduate School; National Science Foundation FX Richard Kamens, Elias Rosen, Glenn Walters, and Denis Fedor are gratefully acknowledged for their assistance in the design and construction of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) indoor smog chamber. The authors thank Rodney Weber and Xiaolu Zhang for providing 2008 Mini-Intensive Gas and Aerosol Study PM2.5 filter samples. The authors also thank Bill Hutzell, Rob Pinder, Jose L. Jimenez, Joel Thornton, Douglas Worsnop, and Manjula Canagaratna for useful discussions. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. This research was supported in part by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30ES010126). Y.-H.L. and J.D.S. were supported in part by the Electric Power Research Institute. Y.-H.L. acknowledges a Dissertation Completion Fellowship from the UNC Graduate School. M. A. and S. H. B. were supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program and Fulbright Presidential Fellowship Program, respectively. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Libraries provided support for open access publication. NR 50 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 18 U2 191 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 23 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 17 BP 6718 EP 6723 DI 10.1073/pnas.1221150110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 140TE UT WOS:000318677300036 PM 23553832 ER PT J AU Merrick, BA Phadke, DP Auerbach, SS Mav, D Stiegelmeyer, SM Shah, RR Tice, RR AF Merrick, B. Alex Phadke, Dhiral P. Auerbach, Scott S. Mav, Deepak Stiegelmeyer, Suzy M. Shah, Ruchir R. Tice, Raymond R. TI RNA-Seq Profiling Reveals Novel Hepatic Gene Expression Pattern in Aflatoxin B1 Treated Rats SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE; MESSENGER-RNA; LIVER-CANCER; DNA-DAMAGE; GENOME; CELLS; OVEREXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; CARCINOGENESIS AB Deep sequencing was used to investigate the subchronic effects of 1 ppm aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent hepatocarcinogen, on the male rat liver transcriptome prior to onset of histopathological lesions or tumors. We hypothesized RNA-Seq would reveal more differentially expressed genes (DEG) than microarray analysis, including low copy and novel transcripts related to AFB1's carcinogenic activity compared to feed controls (CTRL). Paired-end reads were mapped to the rat genome (Rn4) with TopHat and further analyzed by DESeq and Cufflinks-Cuffdiff pipelines to identify differentially expressed transcripts, new exons and unannotated transcripts. PCA and cluster analysis of DEGs showed clear separation between AFB1 and CTRL treatments and concordance among group replicates. qPCR of eight high and medium DEGs and three low DEGs showed good comparability among RNA-Seq and microarray transcripts. DESeq analysis identified 1,026 differentially expressed transcripts at greater than two-fold change (p<0.005) compared to 626 transcripts by microarray due to base pair resolution of transcripts by RNA-Seq, probe placement within transcripts or an absence of probes to detect novel transcripts, splice variants and exons. Pathway analysis among DEGs revealed signaling of Ahr, Nrf2, GSH, xenobiotic, cell cycle, extracellular matrix, and cell differentiation networks consistent with pathways leading to AFB1 carcinogenesis, including almost 200 upregulated transcripts controlled by E2f1-related pathways related to kinetochore structure, mitotic spindle assembly and tissue remodeling. We report 49 novel, differentially-expressed transcripts including confirmation by PCR-cloning of two unique, unannotated, hepatic AFB1-responsive transcripts (HAfT's) on chromosomes 1.q55 and 15.q11, overexpressed by 10 to 25-fold. Several potentially novel exons were found and exon refinements were made including AFB1 exon-specific induction of homologous family members, Ugt1a6 and Ugt1a7c. We find the rat transcriptome contains many previously unidentified, AFB1-responsive exons and transcripts supporting RNA-Seq's capabilities to provide new insights into AFB1-mediated gene expression leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. C1 [Merrick, B. Alex; Auerbach, Scott S.; Tice, Raymond R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Phadke, Dhiral P.; Mav, Deepak; Stiegelmeyer, Suzy M.; Shah, Ruchir R.] Syst Res & Applicat Int, Durham, NC USA. RP Merrick, BA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM merrick@niehs.nih.gov FU National Toxicology Program Division at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH); Division of Intramural Research at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Programs of the National Toxicology Program Division and Division of Intramural Research at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The statements, opinions, or conclusions contained therein do not necessarily represent the statements, opinions, or conclusions of NIH or the United States government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 81 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 35 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 22 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 4 AR e61768 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0061768 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 130JR UT WOS:000317911500067 PM 23630614 ER PT J AU Fann, N Fulcher, CM Baker, K AF Fann, Neal Fulcher, Charles M. Baker, Kirk TI The Recent and Future Health Burden of Air Pollution Apportioned Across US Sectors SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; PHOTOCHEMICAL MODEL PERFORMANCE; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; OZONE; MORTALITY; NITRATE; URBAN; PM2.5 AB Recent risk assessments have characterized the overall burden of recent PM2.5 and ozone levels on public health, but generally not the variability of these impacts over time or by sector. Using photochemical source apportionment modeling and a health impact function, we attribute PM2.5 and ozone air quality levels, population exposure and health burden to 23 industrial point, area, mobile and international emission sectors in the Continental U.S. in 2005 and 2016. Our modeled policy scenarios account for a suite of emission control requirements affecting many of these sectors. Between these two years, the number of PM2.5 and ozone-related deaths attributable to power plants and mobile sources falls from about 68 000 (90% confidence interval from 48 000 to 87 000) to about 36 000 (90% confidence intervals from 26 000 to 47 00). Area source mortality risk grows slightly between 2005 and 2016, due largely to population growth. Uncertainties relating to the timing and magnitude of the emission reductions may affect the size of these estimates. The detailed sector-level estimates of the size and distribution of mortality and morbidity risk suggest that the air pollution mortality burden has fallen over time but that many sectors continue to pose a substantial risk to human health. C1 [Fann, Neal; Fulcher, Charles M.; Baker, Kirk] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Fann, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Fann.Neal@epa.gov OI Fann, Neal/0000-0002-6724-8575 NR 45 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 16 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 8 BP 3580 EP 3589 DI 10.1021/es304831q PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 129BM UT WOS:000317813400006 PM 23506413 ER PT J AU Fritz, JM Gwinn, MR AF Fritz, Jason M. Gwinn, Maureen R. TI Analysis of the relationship between experimentally induced rodent forestomach hyperplasia and tumorigenesis SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Cancer-Research (AACR) CY APR 06-10, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Canc Res C1 [Fritz, Jason M.; Gwinn, Maureen R.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 73 IS 8 SU 1 MA 4792 DI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4792 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA AA6PP UT WOS:000331220604353 ER PT J AU Kim, JW Lee, HJ Park, K Eling, TE Shim, MS AF Kim, Joohwee Lee, Hyunju Park, Kawngil Eling, Thomas E. Shim, Minsub TI Involvement of COX-2 in p53 induction and Jnk activation following DNA damage SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Cancer-Research (AACR) CY APR 06-10, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Canc Res C1 [Kim, Joohwee; Lee, Hyunju; Park, Kawngil; Shim, Minsub] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Eling, Thomas E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 73 IS 8 SU 1 MA 5174 DI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5174 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA AA6PP UT WOS:000331220605269 ER PT J AU Ross, JA Mutlu, E King, C Warren, SH DeMarini, DM Gilmour, MI Linak, WP Nelson, GB AF Ross, Jeffrey A. Mutlu, Esra King, Charly Warren, Sarah H. DeMarini, David M. Gilmour, M. Ian Linak, William P. Nelson, Garret B. TI Mutations and DNA adducts induced by diesel exhaust particles SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Cancer-Research (AACR) CY APR 06-10, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Canc Res C1 [Ross, Jeffrey A.; King, Charly; Warren, Sarah H.; DeMarini, David M.; Gilmour, M. Ian; Linak, William P.; Nelson, Garret B.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mutlu, Esra] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 73 IS 8 SU 1 MA 3594 DI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3594 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA AA6PP UT WOS:000331220602277 ER PT J AU Wood, JP Calfee, MW Clayton, M Griffin-Gatchalian, N Touati, A Egler, K AF Wood, Joseph P. Calfee, Michael Worth Clayton, Matthew Griffin-Gatchalian, Nicole Touati, Abderrahmane Egler, Kim TI Evaluation of peracetic acid fog for the inactivation of Bacillus anthracis spore surrogates in a large decontamination chamber SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Peracetic acid; Decontamination; Fog; Bacillus anthracis, Spores ID DISINFECTION SYSTEM; SURFACES; DEPOSITION; EFFICACY; SUBTILIS; SCALE AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sporicidal (inactivation of bacterial spores) effectiveness and operation of a fogging device utilizing peracetic acid/hydrogen peroxide (PM). Experiments were conducted in a pilot-scale 24 m(3) stainless steel chamber using either biological indicators (BIs) or bacterial spores deposited onto surfaces via aerosolization. Wipe sampling was used to recover aerosol-deposited spores from chamber surfaces and coupon materials before and after fogging to assess decontamination efficacy. Temperature, relative humidity, and hydrogen peroxide vapor levels were measured during testing to characterize the fog environment. The fog completely inactivated all BIs in a test using a 60 mL solution of PM (22% hydrogen peroxide/4.5% peracetic acid). In tests using aerosol-deposited bacterial spores, the majority of the post-fogging spore levels per sample were less than 1 log colony forming units, with a number of samples having no detectable spores. In terms of decontamination efficacy, a 4.78 log reduction of viable spores was achieved on wood and stainless steel. Fogging of PM solutions shows potential as a relatively easy to use decontamination technology in the event of contamination with Bacillus anthracis or other spore-forming infectious disease agents, although additional research is needed to enhance sporicidal efficacy. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wood, Joseph P.; Calfee, Michael Worth] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Clayton, Matthew; Griffin-Gatchalian, Nicole; Touati, Abderrahmane; Egler, Kim] ARCADIS Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Wood, JP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Mail Code E343-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wood.joe@epa.gov OI Wood, Joseph/0000-0001-6316-9418 FU U.S. EPA through its Office of Research and Development [EP-C-09-027]; ARCADIS, Inc. FX The U.S. EPA through its Office of Research and Development funded and directed the research described herein under Contract No. EP-C-09-027 with ARCADIS, Inc. It has been subject to an administrative review but does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. No official endorsement should be inferred. EPA does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 250 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.01.068 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 129XX UT WOS:000317878400008 PM 23434480 ER PT J AU Teng, Q Ekman, DR Huang, WL Collette, TW AF Teng, Quincy Ekman, Drew R. Huang, Wenlin Collette, Timothy W. TI Impacts of 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol exposure on metabolite profiles of zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver cells SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Metabolic profile; Zebrafish cells; NMR; Metabolomics; EE2 ID TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; TREATMENT-PLANT; BLOOD-PLASMA; FISH; VITELLOGENIN; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; METABOLOMICS; DISRUPTION; RESPONSES AB Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that are frequently detected in bodies of water downstream from sewage treatment facilities can have adverse impacts on fish and other aquatic organisms. To properly assess risk(s) from EDCs, tools are needed that can establish linkages from chemical exposures to adverse outcomes. Traditional methods of testing chemical exposure and toxicity using experimental animals are excessively resource- and time-consuming. In line with EPA's goal of reducing animal use in testing, these traditional screening methods may not be sustainable in the long term, given the ever increasing number of chemicals that must be tested for safety. One of the most promising ways to reduce costs and increase throughput is to use cell cultures instead of experimental animals. In accordance with National Research Council's vision on 21st century toxicity testing, we have developed a cell culture-based metabolomics approach for this application. Using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver cell line (ZFL), we have applied NMR-based metabolomics to investigate responses of ZFL cells exposed to 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2). This analysis showed that metabolite changes induced by EE2 exposure agree well with known impacts of estrogens on live fish. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of cell-based metabolomics to assess chemical exposure and toxicity for regulatory application. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Teng, Quincy; Ekman, Drew R.; Huang, Wenlin; Collette, Timothy W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Teng, Q (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM teng.quincy@epa.gov; ekman.drew@epa.gov; whuang2@ccny.cuny.edu; collette.tim@epa.gov NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 94 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 130 BP 184 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.01.011 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 127LX UT WOS:000317701600021 PM 23416411 ER PT J AU Macpherson, AJ Principe, PP Shao, Y AF Macpherson, Alexander J. Principe, Peter P. Shao, Yang TI Controlling for exogenous environmental variables when using data envelopment analysis for regional environmental assessments SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Data envelopment analysis; Environmental management; Natural resources; Exogenous variables; Environmental planning ID DISTANCE-FUNCTION-APPROACH; TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY; DECISION-MAKING; FARMS AB Researchers are increasingly using data envelopment analysis (DEA) to examine the efficiency of environmental policies and resource allocations. An assumption of the basic DEA model is that decisionmakers operate within homogeneous environments. But, this assumption is not valid when environmental performance is influenced by variables beyond managerial control. Understanding the influence of these variables is important to distinguish between characterizing environmental conditions and identifying opportunities to improve environmental performance. While environmental assessments often focus on characterizing conditions, the point of using DEA is to identify opportunities to improve environmental performance and thereby prevent (or rectify) an inefficient allocation of resources. We examine the role of exogenous variables such as climate, hydrology, and topography in producing environmental impacts such as deposition, runoff, invasive species, and forest fragmentation within the United States Mid-Atlantic region. We apply a four-stage procedure to adjust environmental impacts in a DEA model that seeks to minimize environmental impacts while obtaining given levels of socioeconomic outcomes. The approach creates a performance index that bundles multiple indicators while adjusting for variables that are outside management control, offering numerous advantages for environmental assessment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Macpherson, Alexander J.; Principe, Peter P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev E243 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Shao, Yang] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geog, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Principe, PP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air & Radiat C439 02, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM macpherson.alex@epa.gov; principe.peter@epa.gov; yshao@vt.edu NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 119 BP 220 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.12.044 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 128VA UT WOS:000317796600023 PM 23500024 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, UP Thomas, RF Ledbetter, AD Schladweiler, MC Bass, V Krantz, QT King, C Nyska, A Richards, JE Andrews, D Gilmour, MI AF Kodavanti, Urmila P. Thomas, Ronald F. Ledbetter, Allen D. Schladweiler, Mette C. Bass, Virginia Krantz, Q. Todd King, Charly Nyska, Abraham Richards, Judy E. Andrews, Debora Gilmour, M. Ian TI Diesel exhaust induced pulmonary and cardiovascular impairment: The role of hypertension intervention SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Diesel exhaust particles; Hydralazine; Hypertension; Cardiovascular; Aorta; Hypertensive rats ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; IN-VIVO; RATS; INHALATION; EXPOSURE AB Exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) and associated gases is linked to cardiovascular impairments; however, the susceptibility of hypertensive individuals is poorly understood. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine cardiopulmonary effects of gas-phase versus whole-DE and (2) to examine the contribution of systemic hypertension in pulmonary and cardiovascular effects. Male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with hydralazine to reduce blood pressure (BP) or L-NAME to increase BP. Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats were treated with hydralazine to reduce BP. Control and drug-pretreated rats were exposed to air, particle-filtered exhaust (gas), or whole DE (1500 mu g/m(3)), 4 h/day for 2 days or 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Acute and 4-week gas and DE exposures increased neutrophils and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) activity in lavage fluid of WKY and SH rats. DE (4 weeks) caused pulmonary albumin leakage and inflammation in SH rats. Two-day DE increased serum fatty acid binding protein-3 (FABP-3) in WKY. Marked increases occurred in aortic mRNA after 4-week DE in SH (eNOS, TF, tPA, TNF-alpha, MMP-2, RAGE, and HMGB-1). Hydralazine decreased BP in SH while L-NAME tended to increase BP in WKY; however, neither changed inflammation nor BALF gamma-GT. DE-induced and baseline BALF albumin leakage was reduced by hydralazine in SH rats and increased by L-NAME in WKY rats. Hydralazine pretreatment reversed DE-induced TF, tPA, TNF-alpha, and MMP-2 expression but not eNOS, RAGE, and HMGB-1. ET-1 was decreased by HYD. In conclusion, antihypertensive drug treatment reduces gas and DE-induced pulmonary protein leakage and expression of vascular atherogenic markers. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kodavanti, Urmila P.; Thomas, Ronald F.; Ledbetter, Allen D.; Schladweiler, Mette C.; Bass, Virginia; Krantz, Q. Todd; King, Charly; Richards, Judy E.; Gilmour, M. Ian] US EPA, EPHD, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nyska, Abraham] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Andrews, Debora] US EPA, Res Core Unit, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, EPHD, NHEERL, MD B105-02,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.urmila@epa.gov OI Bass, Virginia/0000-0001-6219-2448 FU U.S. EPA Senior Environmental Employment (RT) Program FX This study was supported in part by the U.S. EPA Senior Environmental Employment (RT) Program via Cooperative Agreement between the National Caucus and Center on Black Aged, Inc., and U.S. EPA. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 268 IS 2 BP 232 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2013.02.002 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 117UN UT WOS:000316978700014 PM 23415681 ER PT J AU Zhao, J Barnes, B Melo, N English, D Lapointe, B Muller-Karger, F Schaeffer, B Hu, CM AF Zhao, Jun Barnes, Brian Melo, Nelson English, David Lapointe, Brian Muller-Karger, Frank Schaeffer, Blake Hu, Chuanmin TI Assessment of satellite-derived diffuse attenuation coefficients and euphotic depths in south Florida coastal waters SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ocean color; Remote sensing; MODIS; SeaWiFS; Bio-optical algorithm; Diffuse attenuation coefficient; Euphotic depth ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHLOROPHYLL-A CONCENTRATIONS; REMOTE-SENSING REFLECTANCE; OCEAN-COLOR; SHALLOW WATERS; BIOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; MULTISENSOR APPROACH; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CASE-1 WATERS; SEAWIFS AB Optical data collected in coastal waters off South Florida and in the Caribbean Sea between January 2009 and December 2010 were used to evaluate products derived with three bio-optical inversion algorithms applied to MODIS/Aqua, MODIS/Terra, and SeaWiFS satellite observations. The products included the diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (K-d_490) and for the visible range (K-d_PAR), and euphotic depth (Z(eu), corresponding to 1% of the surface incident photosynthetically available radiation or PAR). Above-water hyperspectral reflectance data collected over optically shallow waters of the Florida Keys between June 1997 and August 2011 were used to help understand algorithm performance over optically shallow waters. The in situ data covered a variety of water types in South Florida and the Caribbean Sea, ranging from deep clear waters, turbid coastal waters, and optically shallow waters (K-d_490 range of similar to 0.03-1.29 m(-1)). An algorithm based on Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs) showed the best performance (RMSD<13% and R-2 similar to 1.0 for MODIS/Aqua and SeaWiFS). Two algorithms based on empirical regressions performed well for offshore clear waters, but underestimated K-d_490 and K-d_PAR in coastal waters due to high turbidity or shallow bottom contamination. Similar results were obtained when only in situ data were used to evaluate algorithm performance. The excellent agreement between satellite-derived remote sensing reflectance (R-rs) and in situ R-rs suggested that the different product uncertainties resulted primarily from algorithm inversion as opposed to atmospheric correction. A simple empirical model was developed to derive Z(eu), from K-d_490 for satellite measurements of nearshore waters. MODIS/Aqua gave the best results in general relative to in situ observations. Our findings lay the basis for synoptic time-series studies of water quality in coastal ecosystems, yet more work is required to minimize the bottom interference in the Florida Keys optically shallow waters. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Jun; Barnes, Brian; English, David; Muller-Karger, Frank; Hu, Chuanmin] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Melo, Nelson] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meterol Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Melo, Nelson] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Lapointe, Brian] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Schaeffer, Blake] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Hu, CM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM hu@marine.usf.edu RI Melo, Nelson/A-5983-2011 OI Melo, Nelson/0000-0001-7563-5420 FU U.S. NASA Biology and Biogeochemistry Program; Gulf of Mexico Program; Water and Energy Cycle Program; NOAA/OAR Ship Charter Fund; NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research; NOAA's Deepwater Horizon Supplemental Appropriation; US Army Corps of Engineers FX This study was supported by the U.S. NASA Biology and Biogeochemistry Program, Gulf of Mexico Program, and Water and Energy Cycle Program. Field support came from the South Florida Program (SFP) of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. The SFP has been funded by the NOAA/OAR Ship Charter Fund, NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, NOAA's Deepwater Horizon Supplemental Appropriation, and the US Army Corps of Engineers. We are indebted to the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) who distributed the SeaDAS software package as well as MODIS and SeaWiFS data. We also want to thank George Craven, John Lehrter, and Jessica Aukamp from the US EPA, as well as the crew of the R/V F. G. Walton Smith for their assistance in collecting the in situ data. We are thankful to two anonymous reviewers who provided substantial comments and suggestions that led to the improvement of this manuscript. NR 52 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 131 BP 38 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.12.009 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 098JZ UT WOS:000315546900003 ER PT J AU Han, C Doepke, A Cho, W Likodimos, V de la Cruz, AA Back, T Heineman, WR Halsall, HB Shanov, VN Schulz, MJ Falaras, P Dionysiou, DD AF Han, Changseok Doepke, Amos Cho, Wondong Likodimos, Vlassis de la Cruz, Armah A. Back, Tyson Heineman, William R. Halsall, H. Brian Shanov, Vesselin N. Schulz, Mark J. Falaras, Polycarpos Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI A Multiwalled-Carbon-Nanotube-Based Biosensor for Monitoring Microcystin-LR in Sources of Drinking Water Supplies SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE biosensors; carbon nanotubes; cyanotoxins; drinking water; microcystin-LR ID ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; RAPID DETECTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; INHIBITION ASSAY; CYANOBACTERIA; ELECTRODES; SUPERCAPACITORS; GRAPHITIZATION; PURIFICATION AB A multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based electrochemical biosensor is developed for monitoring microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a toxic cyanobacterial toxin, in sources of drinking water supplies. The biosensor electrodes are fabricated using vertically well-aligned, dense, millimeter-long MWCNT arrays with a narrow size distribution, grown on patterned Si substrates by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition. High temperature thermal treatment (2500 degrees C) in an Ar atmosphere is used to enhance the crystallinity of the pristine materials, followed by electrochemical functionalization in alkaline solution to produce oxygen-containing functional groups on the MWCNT surface, thus providing the anchoring sites for linking molecules that allow the immobilization of MC-LR onto the MWCNT array electrodes. Addition of the monoclonal antibodies specific to MC-LR in the incubation solutions offers the required sensor specificity for toxin detection. The performance of the MWCNT array biosensor is evaluated using micro-Raman spectroscopy, including polarized Raman measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, optical microscopy, and Faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A linear dependence of the electron-transfer resistance on the MC-LR concentration is observed in the range of 0.05 to 20 g L1, which enables cyanotoxin monitoring well below the World Health Organization (WHO) provisional concentration limit of 1 g L1 for MC-LR in drinking water. C1 [Han, Changseok; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Doepke, Amos; Heineman, William R.; Halsall, H. Brian] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Cho, Wondong; Shanov, Vesselin N.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Likodimos, Vlassis; Falaras, Polycarpos] NCSR Demokritos, Div Phys Chem, IAMPPNM, Athens 15310, Greece. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Back, Tyson] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Elect & Opt Mat Branch AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Back, Tyson] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Schulz, Mark J.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Dynam Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cyprus, Nireas Int Water Res Ctr, CY-20537 Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Han, C (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu FU University of Cincinnati Internal Collaborative Award (INST); Ohio Water Resources Center through a grant from the USGS; European Commission [227017]; Research DG of the European Commission within the joint RTD activities of the Environment and NMP Thematic Priorities; Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation; European Regional Development Fund; Republic of Cyprus through the Research Promotion Foundation [NEAYPiODeltaOMH/SigmaTPATH/0308/09] FX This work was funded by the University of Cincinnati Internal Collaborative Award (INST) and the Ohio Water Resources Center through a grant from the USGS 104(b) program and the European Commission (Clean Water - Grant Agreement no 227017). Clean Water is a Collaborative Project co-funded by the Research DG of the European Commission within the joint RTD activities of the Environment and NMP Thematic Priorities. The work is also co-funded by the Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation through Desmi 2009-2010, which was co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund and the Republic of Cyprus through the Research Promotion Foundation (Strategic Infrastructure Project NEAY Pi O Delta OMH/Sigma TPATH/0308/09). NR 58 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 155 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD APR 12 PY 2013 VL 23 IS 14 BP 1807 EP 1816 DI 10.1002/adfm.201201920 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 122CK UT WOS:000317293100011 ER PT J AU Brown, JS Gordon, T Price, O Asgharian, B AF Brown, James S. Gordon, Terry Price, Owen Asgharian, Bahman TI Thoracic and respirable particle definitions for human health risk assessment SO PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Size-selective sampling; Fine and coarse particles ID ORONASAL DISTRIBUTION; REGIONAL DEPOSITION; NASAL CONTRIBUTION; VENTILATION; CHILDREN; AIRWAYS; ADULTS; INHALABILITY; CLEARANCE; EXERCISE AB Background: Particle size-selective sampling refers to the collection of particles of varying sizes that potentially reach and adversely affect specific regions of the respiratory tract. Thoracic and respirable fractions are defined as the fraction of inhaled particles capable of passing beyond the larynx and ciliated airways, respectively, during inhalation. In an attempt to afford greater protection to exposed individuals, current size-selective sampling criteria overestimate the population means of particle penetration into regions of the lower respiratory tract. The purpose of our analyses was to provide estimates of the thoracic and respirable fractions for adults and children during typical activities with both nasal and oral inhalation, that may be used in the design of experimental studies and interpretation of health effects evidence. Methods: We estimated the fraction of inhaled particles (0.5-20 mu m aerodynamic diameter) penetrating beyond the larynx (based on experimental data) and ciliated airways (based on a mathematical model) for an adult male, adult female, and a 10 yr old child during typical daily activities and breathing patterns. Results: Our estimates show less penetration of coarse particulate matter into the thoracic and gas exchange regions of the respiratory tract than current size-selective criteria. Of the parameters we evaluated, particle penetration into the lower respiratory tract was most dependent on route of breathing. For typical activity levels and breathing habits, we estimated a 50% cut-size for the thoracic fraction at an aerodynamic diameter of around 3 mu m in adults and 5 mu m in children, whereas current ambient and occupational criteria suggest a 50% cut-size of 10 mu m. Conclusions: By design, current size-selective sample criteria overestimate the mass of particles generally expected to penetrate into the lower respiratory tract to provide protection for individuals who may breathe orally. We provide estimates of thoracic and respirable fractions for a variety of breathing habits and activities that may benefit the design of experimental studies and interpretation of particle size-specific health effects. C1 [Brown, James S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Raleigh, NC 27711 USA. [Gordon, Terry] NYU, Sch Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [Price, Owen] Appl Res Associates Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Asgharian, Bahman] Appl Res Associates Inc, Raleigh, NC 27615 USA. RP Brown, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, MD B243-01, Raleigh, NC 27711 USA. EM Brown.James@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA through Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education [EPA-ORD/NCEA-RTP-2009-02] FX The authors thank Drs. Beverly Cohen (NYU), Martin Harper (NIOSH), Mort Lippmann (NYU), and Lindsay Wichers Stanek (U.S. EPA) for their helpful comments. TG was funded, in part, by a faculty appointment with the U.S. EPA through a program administered by Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (EPA-ORD/NCEA-RTP-2009-02). This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 18 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-8977 J9 PART FIBRE TOXICOL JI Part. Fibre Toxicol. PD APR 10 PY 2013 VL 10 AR 12 DI 10.1186/1743-8977-10-12 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 206SQ UT WOS:000323543200001 PM 23575443 ER PT J AU Aguilar, L Subedi, B Williams, ES Berninger, JP Brooks, BW Usenko, S AF Aguilar, Lissette Subedi, Bikram Williams, E. Spencer Berninger, Jason P. Brooks, Bryan W. Usenko, Sascha TI San Jacinto River waste pits, Texas: Analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, furans, and biphenyls in surficial river sediment SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Aguilar, Lissette] Baylor Univ, Inst Ecol Earth & Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Subedi, Bikram] Baylor Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Williams, E. Spencer] Baylor Univ, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Berninger, Jason P.] US EPA, Duluth, MN USA. [Brooks, Bryan W.; Usenko, Sascha] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM lissette_aguilar@baylor.edu RI Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; Usenko, Sascha/N-8730-2015; Berninger, Jason/O-2401-2016 OI Berninger, Jason/0000-0003-3045-7899 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 418-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303600240 ER PT J AU Al-Abed, S Virkutyte, J Choi, H Isaac, C Bennett-Stamper, C AF Al-Abed, Souhail Virkutyte, Jurate Choi, Hyeok Isaac, Catherine Bennett-Stamper, Christina TI Transport of TiO2 nanoparticles and nanostructured particles through a porous media SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Virkutyte, Jurate; Isaac, Catherine] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Al-Abed, Souhail; Bennett-Stamper, Christina] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Choi, Hyeok] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 422-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303600244 ER PT J AU Deakin, T Beeston, JR Brown, RA Hall, J Mackney, D Tchiprout, V AF Deakin, Tom Beeston, John R. Brown, Richard A. Hall, John Mackney, Dan Tchiprout, Victor TI Development of a sensitive on-line monitoring system for the analysis of radionuclides in water samples SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Deakin, Tom; Beeston, John R.; Brown, Richard A.] LabLog Syst Ltd, Sheffield S10 2QJ, S Yorkshire, England. [Deakin, Tom] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. [Hall, John] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Mackney, Dan] US EPA, Natl Air & Radiat Environm Lab, Montgomery, AL 36115 USA. [Tchiprout, Victor] LabLog Syst Inc, Brandon, FL 33511 USA. EM tdeakin@lablogic.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 156-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303602547 ER PT J AU Han, C Nadagouda, MN Khan, JA Falaras, P Rosales-Lombardi, P Dionysiou, DD AF Han, Changseok Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Khan, Javed A. Falaras, Polycarpos Rosales-Lombardi, Pablo Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI UV-vis light-activated, Ag-decorated monodisperse TiO2 for treatment of antibiotics in water SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ C1 [Han, Changseok; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Khan, Javed A.] Univ Peshawar, Natl Ctr Excellence Phys Chem, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan. [Falaras, Polycarpos] Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Div Phys Chem, IAMPPNM, Athens 15310, Greece. [Rosales-Lombardi, Pablo] Univ Cincinnati, Adv Mat Characterizat Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cyprus, Nireas Int Water Res Ctr, Nicosia, Cyprus. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 170-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303600024 ER PT J AU Hou, WC Zepp, RG AF Hou, Wen-Che Zepp, Richard G. TI Light-driven formation and transformation of silver nanoparticles in the presence of natural organic matter SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hou, Wen-Che; Zepp, Richard G.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Expsoure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM hou.wen-che@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 260-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303600103 ER PT J AU Jing, HY Mezgebe, B Hassan, AA Sahle-Demessie, E Sorial, G Bennett-Stamper, C AF Jing, Hengye Mezgebe, Bineyam Hassan, Ashraf Aly Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew Sorial, George Bennett-Stamper, Christina TI Bacterial biofilm interaction with engineered nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Jing, Hengye; Mezgebe, Bineyam; Sorial, George] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Hassan, Ashraf Aly; Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew; Bennett-Stamper, Christina] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM jinghe@mail.uc.edu; Hassan.Ashraf@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 225-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303600073 ER PT J AU Kumkum, P Bridenstine, DR Ackerson, NOB Ternes, TA Plewa, MJ Richardson, SD Duirk, SE AF Kumkum, Pushpita Bridenstine, David R. Ackerson, Nana Osei B. Ternes, Thomas A. Plewa, Michael J. Richardson, Susan D. Duirk, Stephen E. TI Iodinated pharmaceuticals as precursors to total organic halogen formation in the presence of chlorinated oxidants and natural organic matter SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kumkum, Pushpita; Bridenstine, David R.; Ackerson, Nana Osei B.; Duirk, Stephen E.] Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Ternes, Thomas A.] Fed Inst Hydrol BfG, Water Chem Dept, Koblenz, Germany. [Plewa, Michael J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM duirk@uakron.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 450-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303600269 ER PT J AU Sanan, TT Magnuson, ML Heath, M AF Sanan, Toby T. Magnuson, Matthew L. Heath, Mash TI Quantum chemical studies of drinking water treatment: Investigation of reaction pathways and development of predictive models for detoxification and formation of disinfection by-products SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Sanan, Toby T.; Heath, Mash] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Magnuson, Matthew L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM tsanan2@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 501-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303600310 ER PT J AU Zhang, GS Nadagou, M Han, C O'Shea, K El-Sheikh, SM Dionysiou, DD AF Zhang, Geshan Nadagou, Mallikarjuna Han, Changseok O'Shea, Kevin El-Sheikh, Said M. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Visible light sensitized N-S co-doped polymorphic TiO2 for photocatalytic destruction of microcystin-LR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ C1 [Zhang, Geshan; Han, Changseok; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Nadagou, Mallikarjuna] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [O'Shea, Kevin] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [El-Sheikh, Said M.] Cent Met R&D Inst, Cairo, Egypt. [Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cyprus, Nireas Int Water Res Ctr, Nicosia, Cyprus. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu RI El-Sheikh, Said/S-5877-2016 OI El-Sheikh, Said/0000-0002-2570-8326 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 344-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303600175 ER PT J AU Bridenstine, DR Kumkum, P Plewa, MJ Ternes, TA Richardson, SD Duirk, SE AF Bridenstine, David R. Kumkum, Pushpita Plewa, Michael J. Ternes, Thomas A. Richardson, Susan D. Duirk, Stephen E. TI Formation of iodinated disinfection by-products as a function of iodinated pharmaceuticals, chlorinated oxidants, and natural organic matter SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Bridenstine, David R.; Kumkum, Pushpita; Duirk, Stephen E.] Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 33325 USA. [Plewa, Michael J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ternes, Thomas A.] Fed Inst Hydrol BfG, Water Chem Dept, Koblenz, Germany. [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM duirk@uakron.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 143-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851305356 ER PT J AU Fenlon, KA Koralegedara, N Al-Abed, S AF Fenlon, Katie A. Koralegedara, Nadeesha Al-Abed, Souhail TI Benefical reuse of coal combustion products: Environmental benefits and determining risk SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Fenlon, Katie A.; Koralegedara, Nadeesha; Al-Abed, Souhail] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM fenlon.katie@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 63-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851305287 ER PT J AU He, XX de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD AF He, Xuexiang de la Cruz, Armah A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Kinetic and mechanical aspects of the destruction of cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin by UV-254 nm-mediated advanced oxidation processes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ C1 [He, Xuexiang; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cyprus, NIREAS Int Water Res Ctr, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 8-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851305237 ER PT J AU Kanel, SR Han, C Meyerhoefer, A Dionysiou, DD Crosson, G Agrawal, A Pavel, I Taylor, PH Striebich, R Impellitteri, CA Goltz, MN AF Kanel, Sushil R. Han, Changseok Meyerhoefer, Allie Dionysiou, Dionysios D. Crosson, Garry Agrawal, Abinash Pavel, Ioana Taylor, Philip H. Striebich, Richard Impellitteri, Christopher A. Goltz, Mark N. TI Comparison of photo-degradation of 2,4-dinitrotoulene by silver doped and undoped titanium dioxide thin film in the presence of solar and uv light SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kanel, Sushil R.; Goltz, Mark N.] AFIT, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Han, Changseok; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Meyerhoefer, Allie; Pavel, Ioana] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Crosson, Garry] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Biochem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Agrawal, Abinash] Wright State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Taylor, Philip H.; Striebich, Richard] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Impellitteri, Christopher A.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sushil.kanel.ctr@afit.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 558-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851304012 ER PT J AU Racz, L Willison, S Magnuson, M Schuldt, SJ Walters, E Janeczko, A AF Racz, LeeAnn Willison, Stuart Magnuson, Matthew Schuldt, Steven J. Walters, Edward Janeczko, Allen TI Fate of chemical warfare agents in municipal wastewater treatment systems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Racz, LeeAnn; Schuldt, Steven J.; Walters, Edward; Janeczko, Allen] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Willison, Stuart; Magnuson, Matthew] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM leeann.racz@afit.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 125-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851305342 ER PT J AU Virkutyte, J Al-Abed, SR Turner, M Meyer, D AF Virkutyte, Jurate Al-Abed, Souhail R. Turner, Michael Meyer, David TI Effect of washing on antimicrobial properties of textiles containing nanosilver particles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Virkutyte, Jurate] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Al-Abed, Souhail R.; Meyer, David] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Turner, Michael] Shaw E&I, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM virkutyte.jurate@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 71-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851305295 ER PT J AU Willison, SA AF Willison, Stuart A. TI Systematic evaluation of wiping environmental surfaces for hazardous organic chemicals by UPLC and HPLC-MS/MS analysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Willison, Stuart A.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM willison.stuart@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 256-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851300469 ER PT J AU Carr, CK Watkins, AM Wolf, CJ Abbott, BD Lau, C Gennings, C AF Carr, Caroline K. Watkins, Andrew M. Wolf, Cynthia J. Abbott, Barbara D. Lau, Christopher Gennings, Chris TI Testing for departures from additivity in mixtures of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomonitoring; Mixtures; PFAAs ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; EXPOSED MOUSE FETUSES; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; PPAR-ALPHA; EXPRESSION; LIVER; PFOA; LUNG AB This study is a follow-up to a paper by Carr et al. that determined a design structure to optimally test for departures from additivity in a fixed ratio mixture of four perfiuoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) using an in vitro transiently-transfected COS-1 PPAR alpha reporter model with a mixing ratio that is based on average serum levels in NHANES subjects. Availability of information regarding potential for additivity of PFAAs in mixtures is critically important for risk assessors who are concerned with the ability of the compounds to affect human health and impact ecological systems. It is clear that exposures are not to single compounds, but to mixtures of the PFAAs. This paper presents the results from the data collected using the design from Carr et al. along with subsequent analyses that were performed to classify the relationships among mixtures of PFAAs. A non-linear logistic additivity model was employed to predict relative luciferase units (RLU), an indicator of PPAR alpha activation. The results indicated a less than additive relationship among the four PFAAs. To determine if the possible "antagonism" is from the competition among or between carboxylates and sulfonates, four different binary mixtures were also studied. There was a less than additive relationship in all four binary mixtures. These findings are generally similar to two other reports of interfering interactions between PFAAs in mixtures. The most conservative interpretation for our data would be an assumption of additivity (and lack of a greater than additive interaction), with a potential for antagonistic interactions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carr, Caroline K.; Gennings, Chris] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Watkins, Andrew M.; Wolf, Cynthia J.; Abbott, Barbara D.; Lau, Christopher] US EPA, Toxicol Assessment Div MD67, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Carr, CK (reprint author), 830 E Main St,OCS 7th Floor, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM Carrck@vcu.edu FU NCATS NIH HHS [UL1TR000058, UL1 TR000058]; NICHD NIH HHS [K23 HD053742]; NIEHS NIH HHS [T32ES007334, T32 ES007334] NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD APR 5 PY 2013 VL 306 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2013.02.016 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 136QC UT WOS:000318377500020 PM 23470359 ER PT J AU Shuster, W Rhea, L AF Shuster, William Rhea, Lee TI Catchment-scale hydrologic implications of parcel-level stormwater management (Ohio USA) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Storm water management; Catchment management; Green infrastructure; Low impact development; Hydrograph analysis; Statistical models ID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; STATISTICAL POWER; DESIGNS; BACI; URBANIZATION; BIORETENTION; POPULATIONS; WATERSHEDS; CREEK; WORLD AB The effectiveness of stormwater management strategies is a key issue affecting decision making on urban water resources management, and so proper monitoring and analysis of pilot studies must be addressed before drawing conclusions. We performed a pilot study in the suburban Shepherd Creek watershed located in Cincinnati, Ohio to evaluate the practicality of voluntary incentives for stormwater quantity reduction on privately owned suburban properties. Stream discharge and precipitation were monitored 3 years before and after implementation of the stormwater management treatments. To implement stormwater control measures, we elicited the participation of citizen landowners with two successive reverse-auctions. Auctions were held in spring 2007, and 2008, resulting in the installation of 85 rain gardens and 174 rain barrels. We demonstrated an analytic process of increasing model flexibility to determine hydrologic effectiveness of stormwater management at the sub-catchment level. A significant albeit small proportion of total variance was explained by both the effects of study period (similar to 69%) and treatment-vs.-control (similar to 7%). Precipitation-discharge relationships were synthesized in estimated unit hydrographs, which were decomposed and components tested for influence of treatments. Analysis of unit hydrograph parameters showed a weakened correlation between precipitation and discharge, and support the output from the initial model that parcel-level green infrastructure added detention capacity to treatment basins. We conclude that retrofit management of stormwater runoff quantity with green infrastructure in a small suburban catchment can be successfully initiated with novel economic incentive programs, and that these measures can impart a small, but statistically significant decrease in otherwise uncontrolled runoff volume. Given consistent monitoring data and analysis, water resource managers can use our approach as a way to estimate actual effectiveness of stormwater runoff volume management, with potential benefits for management of both separated and combined sewer systems. We also discuss lessons-learned with regard to monitoring design for catchment-scale hydrologic studies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shuster, William; Rhea, Lee] US EPA, Sustainable Environm Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Shuster, W (reprint author), 26 West Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shuster.william@epa.gov NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 114 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 2 PY 2013 VL 485 SI SI BP 177 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.10.043 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 125MZ UT WOS:000317545200015 ER PT J AU Roth, A Ooi, J Hess, J Van Timmeren, M Berg, E Poulton, C Mcgregor, J Burkart, M Hogan, S Hu, Y Winnik, W Nachman, P Stegeman, C Niles, J Heeringa, P Free, M Kitching, R Holdsworth, S Jennette, C Preston, G Falk, R AF Roth, A. Ooi, J. Hess, J. Van Timmeren, M. Berg, E. Poulton, C. Mcgregor, J. Burkart, M. Hogan, S. Hu, Y. Winnik, W. Nachman, P. Stegeman, C. Niles, J. Heeringa, P. Free, M. Kitching, R. Holdsworth, S. Jennette, C. Preston, G. Falk, R. TI ANCA epitope specificity determines pathogenicity, detectability and clinical predictive value SO PRESSE MEDICALE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Roth, A.; Hess, J.; Berg, E.; Poulton, C.; Mcgregor, J.; Burkart, M.; Hogan, S.; Hu, Y.; Nachman, P.; Free, M.; Jennette, C.; Preston, G.; Falk, R.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ooi, J.; Kitching, R.; Holdsworth, S.] Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Van Timmeren, M.; Stegeman, C.; Heeringa, P.] Univ Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. [Winnik, W.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Niles, J.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSON EDITEUR PI MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9 PA 21 STREET CAMILLE DESMOULINS, ISSY, 92789 MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9, FRANCE SN 0755-4982 EI 2213-0276 J9 PRESSE MED JI Presse Med. PD APR PY 2013 VL 42 IS 4 BP 664 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.lpm.2013.02.033 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AA3FO UT WOS:000330978500087 ER PT J AU Shumake, KL Sacks, JD Lee, JS Johns, DO AF Shumake, Kathryn L. Sacks, Jason D. Lee, Janice S. Johns, Douglas O. TI Susceptibility of older adults to health effects induced by ambient air pollutants regulated by the European Union and the United States SO AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Air pollution; Elderly; Aged; Cardiovascular diseases; Respiratory diseases; Particulate matter ID PARTICULATE MATTER; LEAD-EXPOSURE; DAILY MORTALITY; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; FRENCH CITIES; TIME-SERIES; POLLUTION; POPULATION; OZONE AB Air pollution is a health concern for the general population, but a few subpopulations (e.g. children, individuals with preexisting cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, etc.) are considered more susceptible to the adverse health effects attributed to air pollution. There is sufficient evidence to suggest that older adults (>= 65 years old) are more susceptible to air pollution-induced health effects compared to younger adults due to decreased physiological, metabolic and compensatory processes, and a greater incidence of cardiovascular and respiratory disease. This review examines health effects induced by exposures to common ambient air pollutants regulated by the European Union and the United States. Studies were evaluated that examined the potential susceptibility of older adults to air pollutant-induced health effects. This review focuses on epidemiologic studies that directly compared the health effects of older adults to younger adults and/or the general population in order to compare populations within the same study design. Supplementary information is used from controlled human exposure studies, which examined only older adults, and animal toxicological studies, which utilized animal models of senescence, to provide coherence and biological plausibility for the health effects observed in epidemiologic studies. Overall, evidence from available published studies demonstrates that older adults may be more susceptible to air pollution-induced health effects than younger adults and/or the general population. Clinicians and other health professionals should consider advising older adults on pollution-avoiding behaviors in order to decrease the risk of adverse air pollution-related health effects. C1 [Shumake, Kathryn L.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sacks, Jason D.; Lee, Janice S.; Johns, Douglas O.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sacks, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Code B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sacks.jason@epa.gov FU Research Participation Program for the US Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Research and Development FX This work was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program for the US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the EPA. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US EPA. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1594-0667 EI 1720-8319 J9 AGING CLIN EXP RES JI Aging Clin. Exp. Res. PD APR PY 2013 VL 25 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1007/s40520-013-0001-5 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 257MZ UT WOS:000327390100002 PM 23740627 ER PT J AU Schecter, A Lorber, M Guo, Y Wu, Q Yun, SH Kannan, K Hommel, M Imran, N Hynan, LS Cheng, DL Colacino, JA Birnbaum, LS AF Schecter, Arnold Lorber, Matthew Guo, Ying Wu, Qian Yun, Se Hun Kannan, Kurunthachalam Hommel, Madeline Imran, Nadia Hynan, Linda S. Cheng, Dunlei Colacino, Justin A. Birnbaum, Linda S. TI Phthalate Concentrations and Dietary Exposure from Food Purchased in New York State SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE BBzP; DEHP; DEP; DiBP; market basket survey; phthalate exposure ID US FOOD; ESTERS; SAMPLES; PLASTICIZERS; FOODSTUFFS; PRODUCTS; INFANTS; ADIPATE; MARKET AB BACKGROUND: Phthalates have been found in many personal care and industrial products, but have not previously been reported in food purchased in the United States. Phthalates are ubiquitous synthetic compounds and therefore difficult to measure in foods containing trace levels. Phthalates have been associated with endocrine disruption and developmental alteration. OBJECTIVES: Our goals were to report concentrations of phthalates in U. S. food for the first time, specifically, nine phthalates in 72 individual food samples purchased in Albany, New York, and to compare these findings with other countries and estimate dietary phthalate intake. METHODS: A convenience sample of commonly consumed foods was purchased from New York supermarkets. Methods were developed to analyze these foods using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Dietary intakes of phthalates were estimated as the product of the food consumption rate and concentration of phthalates in that food. RESULTS: The range of detection frequency of individual phthalates varied from 6% for dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) to 74% for di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). DEHP concentrations were the highest of the phthalates measured in all foods except beef [where di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) was the highest phthalate found], with pork having the highest estimated mean concentration of any food group (mean 300 ng/g; maximum, 1,158 ng/g). Estimated mean adult intakes ranged from 0.004 mu g/kg/day for dimethyl phthalate (DMP) to 0.673 mu g/kg/day for DEHP. CONCLUSIONS: Phthalates are widely present in U. S. foods. While estimated intakes for individual phthalates in this study were more than an order of magnitude lower than U. S. Environmental Protection Agency reference doses, cumulative exposure to phthalates is of concern and a more representa-tive survey of U. S. foods is indicated. C1 [Schecter, Arnold; Hommel, Madeline; Imran, Nadia; Cheng, Dunlei] Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Lorber, Matthew] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Guo, Ying; Wu, Qian; Yun, Se Hun; Kannan, Kurunthachalam] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Wu, Qian; Yun, Se Hun; Kannan, Kurunthachalam] SUNY Albany, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Hynan, Linda S.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Colacino, Justin A.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] NCI, NIH, US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] NIEHS, NIH, US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Schecter, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth, 6011 Harry Hines Blvd,V8-122E, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM arnold.schecter@utsouthwestern.edu OI Hynan, Linda/0000-0002-4642-7769 FU Gustavus and Louise Pfeiffer Research Foundation; National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Cancer Institute (NCI); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH [T32 ES007062]; National Human Genome Research Institute [T32 HG00040] FX This study was funded by the Gustavus and Louise Pfeiffer Research Foundation and and funded in part by the intramural research program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Cancer Institute (NCI). Support for J.A.C. was provided by training grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH (T32 ES007062), and the National Human Genome Research Institute (T32 HG00040). NR 34 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 11 U2 85 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2013 VL 121 IS 4 BP 473 EP 479 DI 10.1289/ehp.1206367 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 208UM UT WOS:000323706100032 PM 23461894 ER PT J AU Clark, CM Lin, Y Bierwagen, BG Eaton, LM Langholtz, MH Morefield, PE Ridley, CE Vimmerstedt, L Peterson, S Bush, BW AF Clark, Christopher M. Lin, Yolanda Bierwagen, Britta G. Eaton, Laurence M. Langholtz, Matthew H. Morefield, Philip E. Ridley, Caroline E. Vimmerstedt, Laura Peterson, Steve Bush, Brian W. TI Growing a sustainable biofuels industry: economics, environmental considerations, and the role of the Conservation Reserve Program SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lignocellulosic; biofuels; environmental impacts; systems analysis; sustainability; subsidy; Renewable Fuel Standard; Energy Independence and Security Act; Conservation Reserve Program; land use ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; BIOENERGY; ENERGY; SWITCHGRASS; MISCANTHUS; GRASSLANDS; EMISSIONS; YIELDS; FOOD; CROP AB Biofuels are expected to be a major contributor to renewable energy in the coming decades under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). These fuels have many attractive properties including the promotion of energy independence, rural development, and the reduction of national carbon emissions. However, several unresolved environmental and economic concerns remain. Environmentally, much of the biomass is expected to come from agricultural expansion and/or intensification, which may greatly affect the net environmental impact, and economically, the lack of a developed infrastructure and bottlenecks along the supply chain may affect the industry's economic vitality. The approximately 30 million acres (12 million hectares) under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) represent one land base for possible expansion. Here, we examine the potential role of the CRP in biofuels industry development, by (1) assessing the range of environmental effects on six end points of concern, and (2) simulating differences in potential industry growth nationally using a systems dynamics model. The model examines seven land-use scenarios (various percentages of CRP cultivation for biofuel) and five economic scenarios (subsidy schemes) to explore the benefits of using the CRP. The environmental assessment revealed wide variation in potential impacts. Lignocellulosic feedstocks had the greatest potential to improve the environmental condition relative to row crops, but the most plausible impacts were considered to be neutral or slightly negative. Model simulations revealed that industry growth was much more sensitive to economic scenarios than land-use scenarios-similar volumes of biofuels could be produced with no CRP as with 100% utilization. The range of responses to economic policy was substantial, including long-term market stagnation at current levels of first-generation biofuels under minimal policy intervention, or RFS-scale quantities of biofuels if policy or market conditions were more favorable. In total, the combination of the environmental assessment and the supply chain model suggests that large-scale conversion of the CRP to row crops would likely incur a significant environmental cost, without a concomitant benefit in terms of biofuel production. C1 [Clark, Christopher M.; Bierwagen, Britta G.; Morefield, Philip E.; Ridley, Caroline E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Lin, Yolanda; Vimmerstedt, Laura; Bush, Brian W.] Strateg Energy Anal Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Eaton, Laurence M.; Langholtz, Matthew H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Peterson, Steve] Lexidyne LLC, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Peterson, Steve] Peterson Grp, West Lebanon, NH USA. [Peterson, Steve] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Clark, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM clark.christopher@epa.gov RI Eaton, Laurence/E-1471-2012; OI Eaton, Laurence/0000-0003-1270-9626; Bush, Brian/0000-0003-2864-7028 FU National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL); Department of Energy's Office of Biomass Programs FX We would like to thank several researchers who commented on earlier drafts of this manuscript, including Anne Grambsch, Jeff Frithsen, and Stepen LeDuc. This work would not have been possible without the entire team that contributed to the First Triennial Report to Congress on the environmental impacts from biofuels [1], as well as support from the National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL), the Department of Energy's Office of Biomass Programs, notably Zia Haq and Sheila Moynihan, and finally the entire the Biomass Scenario Model team: Jesse Geiger, David Hsu, Daniel Inman, Dana Stright, and Emily Newes. The environmental assessment was performed by EPA, while the systems analysis (BSM 3.0) was performed by NREL. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 100 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD APR-JUN PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR 025016 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/025016 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 178DU UT WOS:000321425100063 ER PT J AU Sikdar, SK AF Sikdar, Subhas K. TI Resurgence of fossil fuels? SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sikdar, SK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sikdar.subhas@epa.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD APR PY 2013 VL 15 IS 2 BP 203 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s10098-013-0601-y PG 2 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 162SM UT WOS:000320285600001 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Multistep organic synthesis using flow chemistry SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD APR PY 2013 VL 15 IS 2 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s10098-013-0599-1 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 162SM UT WOS:000320285600002 ER PT J AU Bauer, RN Duncan, K Diaz-Sanchez, D Hernandez, M Jaspers, I AF Bauer, Rebecca N. Duncan, Kelly Diaz-Sanchez, David Hernandez, Michelle Jaspers, Ilona TI Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Alveolar Macrophages Coordinate the Innate Immune Response to Acute Ozone Exposure SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Annual Meeting of the ASPET/BPS at Experimental Biology (EB) CY APR 20-24, 2013 CL Boston, MA SP ASPET, British Pharmacol Soc (BPS) C1 [Bauer, Rebecca N.; Duncan, Kelly; Hernandez, Michelle; Jaspers, Ilona] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Diaz-Sanchez, David] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2013 VL 27 MA 645.2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 156YK UT WOS:000319860504244 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ Johnstone, AF Aydin, C Copeland, L Lehmann, JR Ward, MD AF Gordon, Christopher J. Johnstone, Andrew F. Aydin, Cenk Copeland, Lisa Lehmann, James R. Ward, Marsha D. TI EFFECT OF THERMONEUTRAL HOUSING ON FUNGAL-INDUCED RESPIRATORY ALLERGIC DISEASE IN MICE. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Annual Meeting of the ASPET/BPS at Experimental Biology (EB) CY APR 20-24, 2013 CL Boston, MA SP ASPET, British Pharmacol Soc (BPS) C1 [Gordon, Christopher J.; Johnstone, Andrew F.; Aydin, Cenk; Copeland, Lisa; Lehmann, James R.; Ward, Marsha D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2013 VL 27 MA 1201.4 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 156YK UT WOS:000319860505566 ER PT J AU Weaver, JD Wang, HC Shears, SB AF Weaver, Jeremy D. Wang, Huanchen Shears, Stephen B. TI The kinetic properties of a human PPIP5K reveal that its kinase activities are protected against the consequences of a deteriorating cellular bioenergetic environment SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Annual Meeting of the ASPET/BPS at Experimental Biology (EB) CY APR 20-24, 2013 CL Boston, MA SP ASPET, British Pharmacol Soc (BPS) C1 [Weaver, Jeremy D.; Wang, Huanchen; Shears, Stephen B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2013 VL 27 MA 1050.3 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 156YK UT WOS:000319860500379 ER PT J AU Sather, ME Mukerjee, S Smith, L Mathew, J Jackson, C Callison, R Scrapper, L Hathcoat, A Adam, J Keese, D Ketcher, P Brunette, R Karlstrom, J Van der Jagt, G AF Sather, Mark E. Mukerjee, Shaibal Smith, Luther Mathew, Johnson Jackson, Clarence Callison, Ryan Scrapper, Larry Hathcoat, April Adam, Jacque Keese, Danielle Ketcher, Philip Brunette, Robert Karlstrom, Jason Van der Jagt, Gerard TI Gaseous oxidized mercury dry deposition measurements in the Four Corners area and Eastern Oklahoma, U.S.A. SO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; arid area; surrogate surface passive sampling ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; WET-DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; SURROGATE SURFACES; AMBIENT AIR; BIOMASS; USA; TROPOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; FLORIDA AB Gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) dry deposition measurements using surrogate surface passive samplers were collected in the Four Corners area and eastern Oklahoma from August, 2009-August, 2011. Using data from a six site area network, a characterization of the magnitude and spatial extent of ambient mercury pollution in the arid Four Corners area was accomplished, which included the observation of a strong regional signature in the GOM dry deposition data set. GOM dry deposition rate estimates ranged from 0.4-1.0 ng/m(2) h at the six Four Corners area monitoring sites, while the GOM dry deposition rate estimate at the eastern Oklahoma monitoring site was lower at 0.2 ng/m(2) h. The highest GOM dry deposition estimates were recorded during the spring and summer while the lowest GOM dry deposition estimates were recorded during the fall and winter. During the second year of this study the highest annual GOM dry deposition estimate so far measured in the United States (U.S.) with smooth-edge surrogate surface passive samplers, 10 889 ng/m(2), was recorded at the Mesa Verde National Park site, a site at which the two-year cumulative GOM dry deposition estimate exceeded the mercury wet deposition estimate. GOM dry deposition estimates during the second year of the study were statistically significantly higher than the first year of the study at six of the seven sites. The data from this study provide a two-year baseline of GOM dry deposition data in the Four Corners area and eastern Oklahoma immediately before the current implementation of new U.S. power plant and boiler mercury control regulations which will significantly reduce mercury emissions from those two sectors of local and regional anthropogenic mercury emission sources. C1 [Sather, Mark E.] US Environm Protect Agcy EPA Reg 6, Air Qual Anal Sect, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. [Mukerjee, Shaibal] US EPA E205 03, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Smith, Luther] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Mathew, Johnson; Jackson, Clarence] US EPA Reg 6, Houston Lab, Houston, TX 77099 USA. [Callison, Ryan; Scrapper, Larry; Hathcoat, April; Adam, Jacque; Keese, Danielle; Ketcher, Philip] Cherokee Nation Environm Programs, Tahlequah, OK 74464 USA. [Brunette, Robert; Karlstrom, Jason; Van der Jagt, Gerard] Frontier Global Sci, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. RP Sather, ME (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy EPA Reg 6, Air Qual Anal Sect, 1445 Ross Ave, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. EM sather.mark@epa.gov RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013 FU U.S. EPA through its Office of Research and Development [EPD05065, EP09D000391, EP10D000659] FX The authors are grateful to the following managers and field operators involved in careful ambient data collection, including Terry Hertel and Joseph Cotie of the New Mexico Environment Department, Kelly Palmer and Brian Parker of the U.S. Forest Service (USFS)/Bureau of Land Management (BLM), George San Miguel and Paul Bohmann of the National Park Service (NPS-Mesa Verde National Park), Tammy Belone of the Pueblo of Jemez, and Robert Parmenter of the Valles Caldera National Preserve. The authors are also grateful to Diana Greiner of the U.S. EPA Region 6 for her detailed GIS map work. The U.S. EPA through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under contracts EPD05065 to Alion and EP09D000391 and EP10D000659 to Frontier Global Sciences. This paper has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 19 PU TURKISH NATL COMMITTEE AIR POLLUTION RES & CONTROL-TUNCAP PI BUCA PA DOKUZ EYLUL UNIV, DEPT ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, TINAZTEPE CAMPUS, BUCA, IZMIR 35160, TURKEY SN 1309-1042 J9 ATMOS POLLUT RES JI Atmos. Pollut. Res. PD APR PY 2013 VL 4 IS 2 BP 168 EP 180 DI 10.5094/APR.2013.017 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 140WI UT WOS:000318686600005 ER PT J AU Karaoulis, M Revil, A Tsourlos, P Werkema, DD Minsley, BJ AF Karaoulis, M. Revil, A. Tsourlos, P. Werkema, D. D. Minsley, B. J. TI IP4DI: A software for time-lapse 2D/3D DC-resistivity and induced polarization tomography SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Resistivity; Induced polarization; Inversion; Time-lapse ID SPECTRAL INDUCED POLARIZATION; SHALY SANDS; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITIES; OCCAMS INVERSION AB We propose a 2D/3D forward modelling and inversion package to invert direct current (DC)-resistivity, time-domain induced polarization (TDIP), and frequency-domain induced polarization (FDIP) data. Each cell used for the discretization of the 2D/3D problems is characterized by a DC-resistivity value and a chargeability or complex conductivity for TDIP/FDIP problems, respectively. The governing elliptic partial differential equations are solved with the finite element method, which can be applied for both real and complex numbers. The inversion can be performed either for a single snapshot of data or for a sequence of snapshots in order to monitor a dynamic process such as a salt tracer test. For the time-lapse inversion, we have developed an active time constrained (ATC) approach that is very efficient in filtering out noise in the data that is not correlated over time. The forward algorithm is benchmarked with simple analytical solutions. The inversion package IP4DI is benchmarked with three tests, two including simple geometries. The last one corresponds to a time-lapse resistivity problem for cross-well tomography during enhanced oil recovery. The algorithms are based on MATLAB (R) code package and a graphical user interface (GUI). (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Karaoulis, M.; Revil, A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Revil, A.] Univ Savoie, Equipe Volcans, INSU CNRS LGIT UMR 5559, Le Bourget Du Lac, France. [Tsourlos, P.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Geophys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Werkema, D. D.] US EPA, ORD, NERL, ESD,CMB, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Minsley, B. J.] USGS, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Revil, A (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM marios.karaoulis@gmail.com; arevil@mines.edu; tsourlos@geo.auth.gr; werkema.d@epamail.epa.gov; bminsley@usgs.gov RI Karaoulis, Marios/C-9977-2013; OI Tsourlos, Panagiotis/0000-0002-6992-8566; Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306 FU EPA; DOE [GO18195, DEEE0005513]; Petroleum Institute of Abu Dhabi FX We thank the support of EPA and funding from DOE (Energy efficiency and Renewable Energy Geothermal Technologies Program Award #GO18195 and Geothermal Technology Advancement for Rapid Development of Resources in the U.S., GEODE, Award #DEEE0005513) and the Petroleum Institute of Abu Dhabi. We thank J. Zhang for the multiphase simulation for time lapse resistivity example. We thank Alex Furman for his review and the Editor for his work. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 54 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2013.01.008 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 136PW UT WOS:000318376900019 ER PT J AU Kleinstreuer, N Dix, D Rountree, M Baker, N Sipes, N Reif, D Spencer, R Knudsen, T AF Kleinstreuer, Nicole Dix, David Rountree, Michael Baker, Nancy Sipes, Nisha Reif, David Spencer, Richard Knudsen, Thomas TI A Computational Model Predicting Disruption of Blood Vessel Development SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; BRANCHING MORPHOGENESIS; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; VASCULAR DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; TOXCAST PROGRAM; SOLUBLE FLT-1 AB Vascular development is a complex process regulated by dynamic biological networks that vary in topology and state across different tissues and developmental stages. Signals regulating de novo blood vessel formation (vasculogenesis) and remodeling (angiogenesis) come from a variety of biological pathways linked to endothelial cell (EC) behavior, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and the local generation of chemokines and growth factors. Simulating these interactions at a systems level requires sufficient biological detail about the relevant molecular pathways and associated cellular behaviors, and tractable computational models that offset mathematical and biological complexity. Here, we describe a novel multicellular agent-based model of vasculogenesis using the CompuCell3D (http://www.compucell3d.org/) modeling environment supplemented with semi-automatic knowledgebase creation. The model incorporates vascular endothelial growth factor signals, pro- and anti-angiogenic inflammatory chemokine signals, and the plasminogen activating system of enzymes and proteases linked to ECM interactions, to simulate nascent EC organization, growth and remodeling. The model was shown to recapitulate stereotypical capillary plexus formation and structural emergence of non-coded cellular behaviors, such as a heterologous bridging phenomenon linking endothelial tip cells together during formation of polygonal endothelial cords. Molecular targets in the computational model were mapped to signatures of vascular disruption derived from in vitro chemical profiling using the EPA's ToxCast high-throughput screening (HTS) dataset. Simulating the HTS data with the cell-agent based model of vascular development predicted adverse effects of a reference anti-angiogenic thalidomide analog, 5HPP-33, on in vitro angiogenesis with respect to both concentration-response and morphological consequences. These findings support the utility of cell agent-based models for simulating a morphogenetic series of events and for the first time demonstrate the applicability of these models for predictive toxicology. C1 [Kleinstreuer, Nicole; Dix, David; Rountree, Michael; Sipes, Nisha; Reif, David; Knudsen, Thomas] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Baker, Nancy; Spencer, Richard] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kleinstreuer, N (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM knudsen.thomas@epa.gov OI Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767; Kleinstreuer, Nicole/0000-0002-7914-3682 FU U.S. EPA FX This work was funded by the U.S. EPA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 90 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7358 J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 9 IS 4 AR e1002996 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002996 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 132LN UT WOS:000318069800008 PM 23592958 ER PT J AU McConnell, R Wu, WD Berhane, K Liu, FF Verma, G Peden, D Diaz-Sanchez, D Fruin, S AF McConnell, Rob Wu, Weidong Berhane, Kiros Liu, Feifei Verma, Gaurav Peden, David Diaz-Sanchez, David Fruin, Scott TI Inflammatory Cytokine Response to Ambient Particles Varies due to Field Collection Procedures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; toxicology; exposure assessment; epidemiology ID PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; UTAH VALLEY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; DAILY MORTALITY; DIFFERENT SITES; TOXICITY; CELLS AB In vitro assays of biological activity induced by particulate matter (PM) are a tool for investigating mechanisms of PM health effects. They have potential application to exposure assessment in chronic disease epidemiology. However, there has been little reporting of the impact of real-world PM collection techniques on assay results. Therefore, we examined the effect of sampling duration and post-sampling delays in freezing on PM-induced biological activity. Duplicate samples of respirable ambient Los Angeles PM were collected on polyurethane foam filters during 17 days and during three contemporaneous consecutive shorter periods. After collection, one duplicate was stored at ambient temperature for 24 hours before freezing; the other was frozen immediately. Cytokine response (IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha) to PM aqueous extract was assessed in THP-1 cells, a model for evaluating monocyte/macrophage lineage cell responses. There was consistent 3- to 4-fold variation in PM-induced cytokine levels across the three collection intervals. Compared with levels induced by PM pooled across the three periods, continuously collected PM-induced levels were reduced by 25% (IL-6) to 39% (IL-8). The pattern of cytokine gene expression response was similar. Cytokine level variation by time to freezing was not statistically significant. PM-induced inflammatory response varied substantially over a weekly time scale. We conclude that long PM sampling interval induced less activity than the average of equivalent shorter consecutive sampling intervals. Time to freezing was less important. Implications for development of metrics of long-term spatial variation in biological exposure metrics for study of chronic disease merit further investigation. C1 [McConnell, Rob; Berhane, Kiros; Liu, Feifei; Verma, Gaurav; Fruin, Scott] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Wu, Weidong; Peden, David] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Diaz-Sanchez, David] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP McConnell, R (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, 2001 North Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM rmcconne@usc.edu FU National Institutes of Health [P30ES007048, P01ES009581, P01ES011627, R01 ES016535, K25ES019224, U19AI077437]; Environmental Protection Agency [R826708, RD831861, R831845]; Hastings Foundation FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants P30ES007048, P01ES009581, P01ES011627, R01 ES016535, K25ES019224, and U19AI077437, Environmental Protection Agency grants R826708, RD831861, and R831845, and by the Hastings Foundation. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 48 IS 4 BP 497 EP 502 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0320OC PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 135EH UT WOS:000318269700016 PM 23306836 ER PT J AU Nash, DG Swanson, NB Preston, WT Yelverton, TLB Roberts, WL Wendt, JOL Linak, WP AF Nash, David G. Swanson, Nicholas B. Preston, William T. Yelverton, Tiffany L. B. Roberts, William L. Wendt, Jost O. L. Linak, William P. TI Environmental implications of iron fuel borne catalysts and their effects on diesel particulate formation and composition SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Metal fuel borne catalysts; Diesel particle emissions; Ferrocene; Particle size and composition; Soot oxidation ID AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DIFFUSION FLAMES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; BLACK CARBON; PARTICLES; SOOT; NANOPARTICLES; COMBUSTION; FERROCENE AB Metal fuel borne catalysts (FBCs) can be used with diesel fuels to effectively reduce engine out particle mass emissions. Internationally, metal FBCs are used for both on-road and off-road applications, although current regulations in the U.S. restrict their on-road use. Although metal FBCs are intended to be used with specialized diesel particulate filters (DPFs) where they are effectively trapped to oxidize additional soot and regenerate the filter, they are sometimes used without DPFs, and, under these conditions, contribute to ambient air emissions and potential health effects. This paper explores potential environmental and health aspects of FBC in diesel fuels, when burned in diesel engines without DPF's. However, rather than examine data from a range of diesel engines, the work focuses on the impact of systematic changes in the fuel composition on emissions from a single, small prototype diesel generator. Experiments using ferrocene as a diesel fuel additive, with varying fuel Fe concentrations from 0 to 200 ppm, indicate similar to 30-40% decreases in particle mass, total particle volume, and black carbon emissions, and increases (approaching a factor of 5) in particle number concentrations associated with 10-30 nm Fe particles liberated during soot oxidation. Fe concentrations in overall particle emissions increase from 0.1% to 7.5% as the Fe catalyst is increased from 0 to 200 ppm. The Fe is emitted primarily in the elemental form. While polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are reduced with increasing Fe, emissions of alkanes and organic acids show no clear trend. These experimental results can be interpreted in the light of a mechanism whereby the Fe acts to oxidize soot-related PAH species, but does not affect Organic compounds associated with unburned fuel and lubrication oil that avoid flame processes. Calculations performed to predict the evolution of the particle size distribution (PSD) associated with the emitted particles suggest that once diluted to simulate behavior along a highway, the Fe-rich nuclei mode is likely to persist for some time. This has health effect implications related to potential exposures associated with these particles. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nash, David G.; Yelverton, Tiffany L. B.; Linak, William P.] US EPA, NRMRL APPCD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Swanson, Nicholas B.; Roberts, William L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Preston, William T.] ARCADIS US Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Wendt, Jost O. L.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Nash, DG (reprint author), US EPA, NRMRL APPCD, E305-01 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM nash.dave@epa.gov FU NCSU/EPA Cooperative Training Program in Environmental Sciences Research, Training Agreement [CT833235-01-0]; North Carolina State University [P.O. EP-09-C000114]; J.O.L. Wendt [EP-C-09-027]; ARCADIS Inc.; JAG [DW-89-92298301]; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) FX Portions of this work were sponsored under the NCSU/EPA Cooperative Training Program in Environmental Sciences Research, Training Agreement CT833235-01-0 with North Carolina State University, P.O. EP-09-C000114 with J.O.L. Wendt, Contract EP-C-09-027 with ARCADIS Inc., and JAG DW-89-92298301 with Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). The authors thank Charly King, Daniel Janek, and Chris Winterrowd for their help in constructing the experimental setup. Gratitude is extended to Dr. Robert Bagnell at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for helping with TEM analysis. Finally, the authors thank Dr. Michael Hays for use of a GC/MS for organic analyses. The research has been reviewed by the U.S. EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory and approved for publication. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 58 BP 50 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2013.01.001 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 130VW UT WOS:000317949200006 ER PT J AU Brattin, W Drexler, J Lowney, Y Griffin, S Diamond, G Woodbury, L AF Brattin, William Drexler, John Lowney, Yvette Griffin, Susan Diamond, Gary Woodbury, Lynn TI An In Vitro Method for Estimation of Arsenic Relative Bioavailability in Soil SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY; EXTRACTION TEST; SOLID MEDIA; BIOACCESSIBILITY; LEAD; VALIDATION; SPECIATION; CADMIUM AB This report summarizes the results of a study to develop an in vitro bioaccessibility (IVBA) extraction technique for estimating the relative bioavailability (RBA) of arsenic (As) in soil. The study was implemented in several steps. In step 1, key variables in the extraction protocol were identified. In step 2, 21 different extraction conditions were tested on 12 different soils with reliable RBA values measured in swine or monkeys to identify which yielded useful in vivoin vitro correlations (IVIVC). In step 3, three extraction conditions were evaluated using 39 different test soils to make a final selection of the best IVIVC. In step 4, the within- and between-lab reproducibility of the extraction method was examined. The optimum IVIVC model for swine utilized a pH 1.5 IVBA extraction fluid, with an R-2 value of .723. For monkeys, the optimum IVIVC model was obtained using a pH 7 IVBA extraction fluid that contained phosphate, with an R-2 value of .755. Within-lab precision of IVBA results was typically less than 3%, with an average of 0.8% for all 4 labs. Between-lab variation in mean IVBA values was generally less than 7%, with an overall average of 3%. The principal advantages of this IVBA method compared to other in vitro methods described in the literature are that (1) the fluids and extraction conditions are simple, (2) the results have been calibrated against a larger data set than any other method, and (3) the method has been demonstrated to be reproducible both within and between labs. C1 [Brattin, William] SRC Inc, Denver, CO 80465 USA. [Drexler, John] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lowney, Yvette] Exponent Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Griffin, Susan] US EPA, Denver, CO USA. [Diamond, Gary] SRC Inc, Akron, NY USA. [Woodbury, Lynn] CDM Smith, Denver, CO USA. RP Brattin, W (reprint author), SRC Inc, 999 18th St,Suite 1150, Denver, CO 80465 USA. EM brattin@srcinc.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [GS-00F-0019L]; U.S. Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) [ESTCP ER-0916] FX This work was supported by contract awards from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (contract GS-00F-0019L) and the U.S. Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) (grant ESTCP ER-0916). The authors acknowledge the work of Angela Wahlquist and Penny Hunter, who contributed to the early stages of this project. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 76 IS 7 BP 458 EP 478 DI 10.1080/15287394.2013.771765 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 130KQ UT WOS:000317914800006 PM 23611184 ER PT J AU Yakel, JL AF Yakel, Jerrel L. TI Cholinergic receptors: functional role of nicotinic ACh receptors in brain circuits and disease SO PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; HIPPOCAMPAL SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; AMYLOID-BETA-PEPTIDE; ALPHA-7-NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; STRATUM-ORIENS INTERNEURONS; LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN; RAT HIPPOCAMPAL; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CA2+ PERMEABILITY AB The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) can regulate neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system by acting on both the cys-loop ligand-gated nicotinic ACh receptor channels (nAChRs) and the G protein-coupled muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs). The hippocampus is an important area in the brain for learning and memory, where both nAChRs and mAChRs are expressed. The primary cholinergic input to the hippocampus arises from the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca, the activation of which can activate both nAChRs and mAChRs in the hippocampus and regulate synaptic communication and induce oscillations that are thought to be important for cognitive function. Dysfunction in the hippocampal cholinergic system has been linked with cognitive deficits and a variety of neurological disorders and diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. My lab has focused on the role of the nAChRs in regulating hippocampal function, from understanding the expression and functional properties of the various subtypes of nAChRs, and what role these receptors may be playing in regulating synaptic plasticity. Here, I will briefly review this work, and where we are going in our attempts to further understand the role of these receptors in learning and memory, as well as in disease and neuroprotection. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Yakel, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233,Mail Drop F2-08, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM yakel@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 136 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0031-6768 J9 PFLUG ARCH EUR J PHY JI Pflugers Arch. PD APR PY 2013 VL 465 IS 4 BP 441 EP 450 DI 10.1007/s00424-012-1200-1 PG 10 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 131OU UT WOS:000318003800001 PM 23307081 ER PT J AU Hale, SS Cote, MP Tedesco, MA Searfoss, R AF Hale, Stephen S. Cote, Melville P., Jr. Tedesco, Mark A. Searfoss, Renee TI Management Relevance of Benthic Biogeography at Multiple Scales in Coastal Waters of the Northeast U.S. SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Marine biogeography; Benthic communities; Bottom habitat mapping; Ecosystem-based management; Coastal and marine spatial planning; Northeast US ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; BIODIVERSITY; ATLANTIC; CLASSIFICATION; ESTUARINE; OCEAN; ASSEMBLAGES; ELEMENTS; ECOLOGY AB Continuing pressures from human activities have harmed the health of ocean ecosystems, particularly those near the coast. Current management practices that operate on one sector at a time have not resulted in healthy oceans that can sustainably provide the ecosystem services humans want and need. Now, adoption of ecosystem-based management (EBM) and coastal and marine spatial planning (CMSP) as foundational principles for ocean management in the United States should result in a more holistic approach. Recent marine biogeographical studies and benthic habitat mapping using satellite imagery, large-scale monitoring programs, ocean observation systems, acoustic and video techniques, landscape ecology, geographic information systems, integrated databases, and ecological modeling provide information that can support EBM, make CMSP ecologically meaningful, and contribute to planning for marine biodiversity conservation. Examples from coastal waters along the northeast coast of the United States from Delaware Bay to Passamaquoddy Bay, Maine, illustrate how benthic biogeography and bottom seascape diversity information is a useful lens through which to view EBM and CMSP in nearshore waters. The focus is on benthic communities, which are widely used in monitoring programs and are sensitive to many stresses from human activities. C1 [Hale, Stephen S.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Cote, Melville P., Jr.] US EPA, Ocean & Coastal Protect Unit, Off Ecosyst Protect, Boston, MA 02109 USA. [Tedesco, Mark A.] US EPA, Long Isl Sound Off, Govt Ctr, Stamford, CT 06904 USA. [Searfoss, Renee] US EPA, Coastal Sci Team, Off Monitoring & Assessment, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Hale, SS (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM hale.stephen@epa.gov; cote.mel@epa.gov; tedesco.mark@epa.gov; searfoss.renee@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank G. Cicchetti, W. Galloway, and J. Nye for helpful suggestions. M. Guarinello and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that significantly improved the manuscript. This is contribution number AED-11-018 of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI. Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to Agency review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 4 BP 862 EP 873 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9988-1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 128QA UT WOS:000317782700005 PM 23224036 ER PT J AU Hiatt, MH AF Hiatt, Michael H. TI Determination of Henry's Law Constants Using Internal Standards with Benchmark Values SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; HYDROCARBONS AB It is shown that Henry's law constants can be experimentally determined by comparing headspace content of compounds with known constants to interpolate the constants of other compounds. Studies were conducted over a range of water temperatures to identify temperature dependence. The Henry's law constants for a suite of mostly labeled compounds intended for use as internal standards were determined, and these internal standards were then used to determine the constants for 90 compounds. This approach was found to correlate well with the average of published values for the compounds in the study (0.99) and had a very good correlation (> 0.99999) when compounds had measurements from more than two sources. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Hiatt, MH (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM hiatt.mike@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD) FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), funded and performed the analytical research described. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD APR PY 2013 VL 58 IS 4 BP 902 EP 908 DI 10.1021/je3010535 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 125PO UT WOS:000317553600009 ER PT J AU Martinez, G Pachepsky, YA Shelton, DR Whelan, G Zepp, R Molina, M Panhorst, K AF Martinez, Gonzalo Pachepsky, Yakov A. Shelton, Daniel R. Whelan, Gene Zepp, Richard Molina, Marirosa Panhorst, Kimberly TI Using the Q(10) model to simulate E. coli survival in cowpats on grazing lands SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE E. coli; Survival; Die-off; Cowpat; Grazing lands; Temperature ID ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DIE-OFF; MANURE; WATER; FECES; TRANSPORT; RESERVOIR; BACTERIA; PASTURE AB Microbiological quality of surface waters can be affected by microbial load in runoff from grazing lands. This effect, with other factors, depends on the survival of microorganisms in animal waste deposited on pastures. Since temperature is a leading environmental parameter affecting survival, it indirectly impacts water microbial quality. The Q(10) model is widely used to predict the effect of temperature on rates of biological processes, including survival. Objectives of this work were to (i) evaluate the applicability of the (210 model to Escherichia coli inactivation in bovine manure deposited on grazing land (i.e., cowpats) and (ii) identify explanatory variables for the previously reported E. coli survival dynamics in cowpats. Data utilized in this study include published results on E. coli concentrations in natural and repacked cowpats from research conducted the U.S. (Virginia and Maryland), New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Inspection of the datasets led to conceptualizing E. coli survival (in cowpats) as a two-stage process, in which the initial stage was due to growth, inactivation or stationary state of the population and the second stage was the approximately first-order inactivation. Applying the Q(10) model to these datasets showed a remarkable similarity in inactivation rates, using the thermal time. The reference inactivation rate constant of 0.042 (thermal days)(-1) at 20 degrees C gave a good approximation (R-2 = 0.88) of all inactivation stage data with Q(10) = 1.48. The reference inactivation rate constants in individual studies were no different from the one obtained by pooling all data (P < 0.05). The rate of logarithm of the E. coli concentration change during the first stage depended on temperature. Duration of the first stage, prior to the first-order inactivation stage and the initial concentration of E. coli in cowpats, could not be predicted from available data. Diet and age are probable factors affecting these two parameters however, until their environmental and management predictors are known, microbial water quality modeling must treat them as a stochastic source of uncertainty in simulation results. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Martinez, Gonzalo] Univ Cordoba, Dept Agron, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. [Martinez, Gonzalo; Pachepsky, Yakov A.; Shelton, Daniel R.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Whelan, Gene; Zepp, Richard; Molina, Marirosa] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. [Panhorst, Kimberly] ARCADIS US Inc, Newtown, PA 18940 USA. RP Martinez, G (reprint author), 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 173, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Gonzalo.Martinez@ars.usda.gov RI Martinez Garcia, Gonzalo/E-3069-2013; OI Martinez Garcia, Gonzalo/0000-0001-5575-9397; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 FU Spanish ministry of Education [EX-2009-0429]; United States Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development [DW-12-92348101] FX The first author would like to thank the Spanish ministry of Education for the grant EX-2009-0429. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract DW-12-92348101 to the USDA-ARS. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD APR PY 2013 VL 54 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2012.12.013 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124HI UT WOS:000317454000001 PM 23376480 ER PT J AU Blanc, PD Quinlan, PJ Katz, PP Balmes, JR Trupin, L Cisternas, MG Wymer, L Vesper, SJ AF Blanc, Paul D. Quinlan, Patricia J. Katz, Patricia P. Balmes, John R. Trupin, Laura Cisternas, Miriam G. Wymer, Larry Vesper, Stephen J. TI Higher environmental relative moldiness index values measured in homes of adults with asthma, rhinitis, or both conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Adult; Asthma; ERMI; Quantitative PCR ID QUANTITATIVE PCR ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; MOLD; PREDICTOR; EDUCATION; HEALTH AB Higher values of the environmental relative moldiness index (ERMI), a DNA-based method for quantifying indoor molds, have been associated with asthma in children. In this study, settled dust samples were collected from the homes of adults with asthma, rhinitis, or both conditions (n=139 homes) in Northern California. The ERMI values for these samples were compared to those from dust collected in homes from the same geographic region randomly selected as part of the 2006 American Healthy Home Survey (n=44). The median ERMI value in homes of adult with airway disease (6) was significantly greater than median ERMI value (2) in the randomly selected homes (p<0.0001). In this study in Northern California, the homes of adults with asthma had ERMI values consistent with a heavier burden of indoor mold than that measured in other homes from the same region. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Blanc, Paul D.; Quinlan, Patricia J.; Katz, Patricia P.; Balmes, John R.; Trupin, Laura] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Cisternas, Miriam G.] MGC Data Serv, Carlsbad, CA USA. [Wymer, Larry; Vesper, Stephen J.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Blanc, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Box 0924, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM Paul.Blanc@ucsf.edu FU NIH [R01-ES10906]; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development FX The study was supported by NIH Grant R01-ES10906.; The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development, funded and collaborated in the research described here. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official EPA policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by the EPA for use. Since MSQPCR technology is patented by the US EPA, the Agency has a financial interest in its commercial use. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD APR PY 2013 VL 122 BP 98 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2013.01.002 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 121OG UT WOS:000317253500014 PM 23419817 ER PT J AU Ozment, CP Mamo, LB Campbell, ML Lokhnygina, Y Ghio, AJ Turi, JL AF Ozment, Caroline P. Mamo, Lisa B. Campbell, Mary Lee Lokhnygina, Yuliya Ghio, Andrew J. Turi, Jennifer L. TI Transfusion-related biologic effects and free hemoglobin, heme, and iron SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID RED-CELL STORAGE; INDEPENDENT RISK-FACTOR; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; CARDIAC-SURGERY; MONOCYTIC CELLS; CRITICALLY-ILL AB BACKGROUND: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is common in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and is associated with complications that appear related to the duration of blood storage. We hypothesize that hemolysis of stored RBCs results in increases in the availability of nonheme-bound iron, which inhibits macrophage activation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RBCs were sampled at multiple time points to evaluate hemolysis and iron release. Activation of THP-1 monocytic cells was assessed in the presence of plasma from aged RBCs. Age of transfused blood in our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) from 2001 to 2006 was analyzed to assess relevance to our patient population. RESULTS: Hemolysis increased significantly during storage time as demonstrated by increases in free heme and hemoglobin. While there was a trend toward elevated levels of nonheme-bound iron, this was not significant (p=0.07). THP-1 cell activation was inhibited by exposures to both plasma and a ferric compound; the effect of plasma on macrophage activation was not reversed by the iron chelator desferroxamine. Thirty-one percent of our PICU patients received blood older than 2weeks. CONCLUSION: Hemolysis products increased significantly over time in our stored RBCs. Ferric compounds and plasma from stored blood inhibit THP-1 cell activation. Plasma inhibition does not appear to be due primarily to increased iron. Further studies are needed to define the inhibitory effect of stored blood plasma on macrophage function. Complications related to blood storage are relevant to our PICU patients. C1 [Ozment, Caroline P.] Duke Univ, Dept Pediat, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Pathol, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ozment, CP (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Pediat, Med Ctr, POB 3046, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM caroline.ozment@duke.edu FU Children's Miracle Network; NIH [HD043029] FX This work was supported by a grant from the Children's Miracle Network and by a NIH T32 Training Grant HD043029, title "Duke Research Training Program for Pediatricians." NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 IS 4 BP 732 EP 740 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03837.x PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 123DI UT WOS:000317368200009 PM 22882431 ER PT J AU Zusman, E Miyatsuka, A Evarts, D Oanh, NTK Klimont, Z Amann, M Suzuki, K Mohammad, A Akimoto, H Romero, J Khan, SMMH Kuylenstierna, J Hicks, K Ajero, M Patdu, K AF Zusman, Eric Miyatsuka, Akiko Evarts, Dale Oanh, N. T. Kim Klimont, Zbigniew Amann, Markus Suzuki, Katsunori Mohammad, Arif Akimoto, Hajime Romero, Jane Khan, S. M. Munjurul Hannan Kuylenstierna, Johan Hicks, Kevin Ajero, May Patdu, Kaye TI Co-benefits: taking a multidisciplinary approach SO CARBON MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE co-benefits; research-policy divides; short-lived climate pollutants C1 [Zusman, Eric; Miyatsuka, Akiko; Suzuki, Katsunori; Romero, Jane] Inst Global Environm Strategies, Hayama, Kanagawa 2400115, Japan. [Evarts, Dale] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Oanh, N. T. Kim] Asian Inst Technol, Bangkok 10501, Thailand. [Klimont, Zbigniew; Amann, Markus] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Laxenberg, Austria. [Suzuki, Katsunori] Kanazawa Univ, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. [Mohammad, Arif] Sharda Univ, Greater Noida, India. [Akimoto, Hajime] Asia Ctr Air Pollut Res, Niigata, Japan. [Khan, S. M. Munjurul Hannan] Minist Environm & Forests, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Kuylenstierna, Johan; Hicks, Kevin] Stockholm Environm Inst, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Ajero, May; Patdu, Kaye] Clean Air Asia, Manila, Philippines. RP Zusman, E (reprint author), Inst Global Environm Strategies, 2108-11 Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama, Kanagawa 2400115, Japan. EM zusman@iges.or.jp RI Klimont, Zbigniew/P-7641-2015 OI Klimont, Zbigniew/0000-0003-2630-198X NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU FUTURE SCI LTD PI LONDON PA UNITED HOUSE, 2 ALBERT PL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1758-3004 J9 CARBON MANAG JI Carbon Manag. PD APR PY 2013 VL 4 IS 2 BP 135 EP 137 DI 10.4155/CMT.13.12 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 114XT UT WOS:000316777000010 ER PT J AU Thomas, N AF Thomas, Nushat TI Disaster Preparedness: Increasing Community Resilience to Water Service Interruptions SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 [Thomas, Nushat] US EPA, Community Based Water Resiliency Initiat, Washington, DC USA. [Thomas, Nushat] US EPA, Water Secur Div, Off Groundwater & Drinking Water, Washington, DC USA. RP Thomas, N (reprint author), US EPA, Community Based Water Resiliency Initiat, Washington, DC USA. EM thomas.nushat@epa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 2164-4535 J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 105 IS 4 BP 16 EP + DI 10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0057 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 121QZ UT WOS:000317260600004 ER PT J AU Minamyer, S Menefee, CL AF Minamyer, Scott Menefee, Constance Lee TI Inactivation of Bacterial Bioterrorism Agents in Water: A Summary of Seven USEPA and CDC Research Studies SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE DISINFECTION; SPORES C1 [Minamyer, Scott] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Menefee, Constance Lee] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Minamyer, S (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM minamyer.scott@epa.gov; menefee.connie@epa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 2164-4535 J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 105 IS 4 BP 26 EP 29 DI 10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0058 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 121QZ UT WOS:000317260600006 ER PT J AU Madden, MC Stevens, T Case, M Sobus, J Stiegel, M Diaz-Sanchez, D Cascio, W Devlin, RB Pleil, JD AF Madden, M. C. Stevens, T. Case, M. Sobus, J. Stiegel, M. Diaz-Sanchez, D. Cascio, W. Devlin, R. B. Pleil, J. D. TI CONTROLLED EXPOSURES OF HUMAN VOLUNTEERS TO DIESEL ENGINE EXHAUST: BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND HEALTH OUTCOMES SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE AND PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Madden, M. C.; Stevens, T.; Case, M.; Diaz-Sanchez, D.; Cascio, W.; Devlin, R. B.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Sobus, J.; Pleil, J. D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Stiegel, M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1941-2711 J9 J AEROSOL MED PULM D JI J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv. PD APR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 2 BP A6 EP A7 PG 2 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 118QI UT WOS:000317040000017 ER PT J AU McGarvey, DJ Johnston, JM AF McGarvey, Daniel J. Johnston, John M. TI 'Fishing' for Alternatives to Mountaintop Mining in Southern West Virginia SO AMBIO LA English DT Article DE Smallmouth bass; Brook trout; Coal River Basin; West Virginia; Sport fisheries; Regional fish abundance ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BROOK TROUT; SMALLMOUTH BASS; STREAM; ABUNDANCE; POPULATIONS; IMPACTS; DENSITY; SYSTEMS AB Mountaintop removal mining (MTR) is a major industry in southern West Virginia with many detrimental effects for small to mid-sized streams, and interest in alternative, sustainable industries is on the rise. As a first step in a larger effort to assess the value of sport fisheries in southern West Virginia, we estimate the potential abundances of two popular sport fishes-smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)-in the Coal River Basin (CRB). A self-thinning model that incorporates net primary production and terrestrial insect subsidies is first used to predict potential densities of adult (age 1+) smallmouth bass and brook trout. Predicted densities (fish ha(-1)) are then multiplied by the surface area of the CRB stream network (ha) to estimate regional abundance. Median predicted abundances of bass and trout are 38 806 and 118 094 fish (total abundances with the CRB), respectively. However, when streams that intersect permitted MTR areas in the CRB are removed from the dataset, predicted abundances of bass and trout decrease by 12-14 %. We conclude that significant potential exists in the CRB to capitalize on sport fisheries, but MTR may be undermining this potential. C1 [McGarvey, Daniel J.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Johnston, John M.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP McGarvey, DJ (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, 1000 West Cary St,POB 843050, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM djmcgarvey@vcu.edu; johnston.johnm@epa.gov FU appointment to the Research Participation Program FX The authors thank Craig Barber, John Van Sickle, and three anonymous reviewers for critical feedback on the manuscript. The trout and bass icons in Fig. 3 were obtained through the Integration and Application Network at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Daniel McGarvey was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program for the United States Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U. S. Department of Energy and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. This is VCU Rice Center Research Contribution No. 27. This manuscript is also a contribution to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development's Ecosystem Services Research Program. It has been reviewed in accordance with the Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD APR PY 2013 VL 42 IS 3 BP 298 EP 308 DI 10.1007/s13280-012-0346-6 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 114KV UT WOS:000316740800003 PM 23001943 ER PT J AU Syed, K Porollo, A Lam, YW Grimmett, PE Yadav, JS AF Syed, Khajamohiddin Porollo, Aleksey Lam, Ying Wai Grimmett, Paul E. Yadav, Jagjit S. TI CYP63A2, a Catalytically Versatile Fungal P450 Monooxygenase Capable of Oxidizing Higher-Molecular-Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Alkylphenols, and Alkanes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; BACILLUS-MEGATERIUM; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; CYTOCHROME P450(CAM); XENOBIOTIC INDUCTION; OMEGA-HYDROXYLATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are known to oxidize hydrocarbons, albeit with limited substrate specificity across classes of these compounds. Here we report a P450 monooxygenase (CYP63A2) from the model ligninolytic white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium that was found to possess a broad oxidizing capability toward structurally diverse hydrocarbons belonging to mutagenic/carcinogenic fused-ring higher-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs), endocrine-disrupting long-chain alkylphenols (APs), and crude oil aliphatic hydrocarbon n-alkanes. A homology-based three-dimensional (3D) model revealed the presence of an extraordinarily large active-site cavity in CYP63A2 compared to the mammalian PAH-oxidizing (CYP3A4, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1) and bacterial aliphatic-hydrocarbon-oxidizing (CYP101D and CYP102A1) P450s. This structural feature in conjunction with ligand docking simulations suggested potential versatility of the enzyme. Experimental characterization using recombinantly expressed CYP63A2 revealed its ability to oxidize HMW-PAHs of various ring sizes, including 4 rings (pyrene and fluoranthene), 5 rings [benzo(a) pyrene], and 6 rings [benzo(ghi) perylene], with the highest enzymatic activity being toward the 5-ring PAH followed by the 4-ring and 6-ring PAHs, in that order. Recombinant CYP63A2 activity yielded monohydroxylated PAH metabolites. The enzyme was found to also act as an alkane omega-hydroxylase that oxidized n-alkanes with various chain lengths (C-9 to C-12 and C-15 to C-19), as well as alkyl side chains (C-3 to C-9) in alkylphenols (APs). CYP63A2 showed preferential oxidation of long-chain APs and alkanes. To our knowledge, this is the first P450 identified from any of the biological kingdoms that possesses such broad substrate specificity toward structurally diverse xenobiotics (PAHs, APs, and alkanes), making it a potent enzyme biocatalyst candidate to handle mixed pollution (e. g., crude oil spills). C1 [Syed, Khajamohiddin; Porollo, Aleksey; Lam, Ying Wai; Yadav, Jagjit S.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Lam, Ying Wai] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT USA. [Grimmett, Paul E.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Yadav, JS (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM Jagjit.Yadav@uc.edu RI Syed, Khajamohiddin/L-8774-2013; OI Syed, Khajamohiddin/0000-0002-1497-3570; Porollo, Alexey/0000-0002-3202-5099 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [R01ES10210, R01ES015543]; NIEHS Center for Environmental Genetics funding [P30-ES006096]; Vermont Genetics Network Proteomics Facility from the INBRE Program of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences [8P20GM103449]; National Center for Research Resources FX The work was primarily supported by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) grants R01ES10210 and R01ES015543 to J.S.Y. The efforts of A. P. were supported in part by NIEHS Center for Environmental Genetics funding (P30-ES006096). LC-ESI/MS analysis by Y.W.L. was supported in part by the Vermont Genetics Network Proteomics Facility through grant number 8P20GM103449 from the INBRE Program of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences and the National Center for Research Resources, components of the National Institutes of Health. NR 61 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 65 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 79 IS 8 BP 2692 EP 2702 DI 10.1128/AEM.03767-12 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 117LZ UT WOS:000316956200024 PM 23416995 ER PT J AU Lu, JR Struewing, I Buse, HY Kou, JH Shuman, HA Faucher, SP Ashbolt, NJ AF Lu, Jingrang Struewing, Ian Buse, Helen Y. Kou, Jiahui Shuman, Howard A. Faucher, Sebastien P. Ashbolt, Nicholas J. TI Legionella pneumophila Transcriptional Response following Exposure to CuO Nanoparticles SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COPPER-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; METAL-IONS; VIRULENCE; SILVER; WATER; INACTIVATION; PATHOGENESIS AB Copper ions are an effective antimicrobial agent used to control Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever arising from institutional drinking water systems. Here, we present data on an alternative bactericidal agent, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs), and its efficacy on Legionella pneumophila. In broth cultures, the CuO-NPs caused growth inhibition, which appeared to be concentration and exposure time dependent. The transcriptomic response of L. pneumophila to CuO-NP exposure was investigated by using a whole-genome microarray. The expression of genes involved in metabolism, transcription, translation, DNA replication and repair, and unknown/hypothetical proteins was significantly affected by exposure to CuO-NPs. In addition, expression of 21 virulence genes was also affected by exposure to CuO-NP and further evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Some virulence gene responses occurred immediately and transiently after addition of CuO-NPs to the cells and faded rapidly (icmV, icmW, lepA), while expression of other genes increased within 6 h (ceg29, legLC8, legP, lem19, lem24, lpg1689, and rtxA), 12 h (cegC1, dotA, enhC, htpX, icmE, pvcA, and sidF), and 24 h (legP, lem19, and ceg19), but for most of the genes tested, expression was reduced after 24 h of exposure. Genes like ceg29 and rtxA appeared to be the most responsive to CuO-NP exposures and along with other genes identified in this study may prove useful to monitor and manage the impact of drinking water disinfection on L. pneumophila. C1 [Lu, Jingrang; Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Struewing, Ian; Buse, Helen Y.] Dynamac Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Shuman, Howard A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Microbiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Faucher, Sebastien P.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Kou, Jiahui] US EPA, ORISE, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lu, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lu.jingrang@epa.gov FU Pathfinder Innovation Project; Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA); NSERC [RGPIN-418289-12]; [AI 064481] FX This research was supported by the Pathfinder Innovation Project, funded by the Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), a NSERC Discovery Grant, RGPIN-418289-12, and award AI 064481 to Sebastien P. Faucher for the array. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 79 IS 8 BP 2713 EP 2720 DI 10.1128/AEM.03462-12 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 117LZ UT WOS:000316956200026 PM 23416998 ER PT J AU Bowden, JH Nolte, CG Otte, TL AF Bowden, Jared H. Nolte, Christopher G. Otte, Tanya L. TI Simulating the impact of the large-scale circulation on the 2-m temperature and precipitation climatology SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Regional climate modeling; Interior grid nudging; Spectral nudging; Analysis nudging; Bermuda high ID LIMITED-AREA MODEL; NORTH-AMERICA; INTERNAL VARIABILITY; DATA ASSIMILATION; SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; SENSITIVITY; REANALYSIS; ENSEMBLE; WEATHER AB The impact of the simulated large-scale atmospheric circulation on the regional climate is examined using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model as a regional climate model. The purpose is to understand the potential need for interior grid nudging for dynamical downscaling of global climate model (GCM) output for air quality applications under a changing climate. In this study we downscale the NCEP-Department of Energy Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-II) Reanalysis using three continuous 20-year WRF simulations: one simulation without interior grid nudging and two using different interior grid nudging methods. The biases in 2-m temperature and precipitation for the simulation without interior grid nudging are unreasonably large with respect to the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) over the eastern half of the contiguous United States (CONUS) during the summer when air quality concerns are most relevant. This study examines how these differences arise from errors in predicting the large-scale atmospheric circulation. It is demonstrated that the Bermuda high, which strongly influences the regional climate for much of the eastern half of the CONUS during the summer, is poorly simulated without interior grid nudging. In particular, two summers when the Bermuda high was west (1993) and east (2003) of its climatological position are chosen to illustrate problems in the large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies. For both summers, WRF without interior grid nudging fails to simulate the placement of the upper-level anticyclonic (1993) and cyclonic (2003) circulation anomalies. The displacement of the large-scale circulation impacts the lower atmosphere moisture transport and precipitable water, affecting the convective environment and precipitation. Using interior grid nudging improves the large-scale circulation aloft and moisture transport/precipitable water anomalies, thereby improving the simulated 2-m temperature and precipitation. The results demonstrate that constraining the RCM to the large-scale features in the driving fields improves the overall accuracy of the simulated regional climate, and suggest that in the absence of such a constraint, the RCM will likely misrepresent important large-scale shifts in the atmospheric circulation under a future climate. C1 [Bowden, Jared H.; Nolte, Christopher G.; Otte, Tanya L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bowden, JH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jhbowden@unc.edu RI Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012; OI Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965; Spero, Tanya/0000-0002-1600-0422 FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The author's time at the EPA was supported by post-doctoral training opportunities managed by the National Research Council and the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. Robert Gilliam and S. T. Rao (US EPA) provided technical feedback on this paper. The critique of the anonymous reviewers served to strengthen this manuscript. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2013 VL 40 IS 7-8 BP 1903 EP 1920 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1440-y PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 119CV UT WOS:000317075700021 ER PT J AU Betts, JN Johnson, MG Rygiewicz, PT King, GA Andersen, CP AF Betts, Julia N. Johnson, Mark G. Rygiewicz, Paul T. King, George A. Andersen, Christian P. TI Potential for metal contamination by direct sonication of nanoparticle suspensions SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TiO2; Nanoparticle; Metal contamination; Dynamic light scattering ID IN-VITRO; NANOMATERIALS; PARTICLES; TOXICITY AB While conducting toxicity tests with nano titanium dioxide, the authors found that test suspensions were being contaminated with aluminum and titanium from tip erosion during direct sonication. The contaminating alloy particles had a measurable size distribution and zeta potential using dynamic light scattering, which changed the measured characteristics of the suspensions. Caution should be used when employing direct sonication for preparing test suspensions due to potential interferences of these particles in toxicological assessments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:889893. (c) 2013 SETAC C1 [Betts, Julia N.; King, George A.] Dynamac, Corvallis, OR USA. [Johnson, Mark G.; Rygiewicz, Paul T.; Andersen, Christian P.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Andersen, CP (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. EM Andersen.christian@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We acknowledge J. Donovan at the Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon (CAMCOR) for his advice and support. We also thank L. Tumburu and M. Plocher for assistance with the Arabidopsis plants. We thank V. Hackley, A. Poda, and J. Taurozzi for their valuable reviews of a previous version of the manuscript. The information in this document was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to the agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 4 BP 889 EP 893 DI 10.1002/etc.2123 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 112VG UT WOS:000316621700021 PM 23322586 ER PT J AU Beauchamp, KA Cadien, DB Duggan, RM Pilgrim, EM AF Beauchamp, K. A. Cadien, D. B. Duggan, R. M. Pilgrim, E. M. TI Morphological and molecular investigation of species in the family Leptocheliidae (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea) from the Northeastern Pacific Ocean SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 City San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. Cty Sanitat Dist Los Angeles Cty, Whittier, CA USA. City & Cty San Francisco Dept Water Power & Sewer, San Francisco, CA USA. US EPA, Washington, DC USA. EM kbeauchamp@sandiego.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 SU 1 BP E245 EP E245 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 117ZG UT WOS:000316991402037 ER PT J AU Roth, AJ Ooi, JD Hess, JJ van Timmeren, MM Berg, EA Poulton, CE McGregor, J Burkart, M Hogan, SL Hu, YC Winnik, W Nachman, PH Stegeman, CA Niles, J Heeringa, P Kitching, AR Holdsworth, S Jennette, JC Preston, GA Falk, RJ AF Roth, Aleeza J. Ooi, Joshua D. Hess, Jacob J. van Timmeren, Mirjan M. Berg, Elisabeth A. Poulton, Caroline E. McGregor, JulieAnne Burkart, Madelyn Hogan, Susan L. Hu, Yichun Winnik, Witold Nachman, Patrick H. Stegeman, Coen A. Niles, John Heeringa, Peter Kitching, A. Richard Holdsworth, Stephen Jennette, J. Charles Preston, Gloria A. Falk, Ronald J. TI Epitope specificity determines pathogenicity and detectability in ANCA-associated vasculitis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES; SMALL-VESSEL VASCULITIS; MPO-ANCA; MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS; WEGENERS-GRANULOMATOSIS; NATURAL AUTOANTIBODIES; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; MYELOPEROXIDASE; GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; CERULOPLASMIN AB Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated (ANCA-associated) small vessel necrotizing vasculitis is caused by immune-mediated inflammation of the vessel wall and is diagnosed in some cases by the presence of myeloperoxidase-specific antibodies (MPO-ANCA). This multicenter study sought to determine whether differences in ANCA epitope specificity explain why, in some cases, conventional serologic assays do not correlate with disease activity, why naturally occurring anti-MPO autoantibodies can exist in disease-free individuals, and why ANCA are undetected in patients with ANCA-negative disease. Autoantibodies from human and murine samples were epitope mapped using a highly sensitive epitope excision/mass spectrometry approach. Data indicated that MPO autoantibodies from healthy individuals had epitope specificities different from those present in ANCA disease. Importantly, this methodology led to the discovery of MPO-ANCA in ANCA-negative disease that reacted against a sole linear sequence. Autoantibodies against this epitope had pathogenic properties, as demonstrated by their capacity to activate neutrophils in vitro and to induce nephritis in mice. The confounder for serological detection of these autoantibodies was the presence of a fragment of ceruloplasmin in serum, which was eliminated in purified IgG, allowing detection. These findings implicate immunodominant epitopes in the pathology of ANCA-associated vasculitis and suggest that autoantibody diversity may be common to other autoimmune diseases. C1 [Roth, Aleeza J.; Hess, Jacob J.; Berg, Elisabeth A.; Poulton, Caroline E.; McGregor, JulieAnne; Burkart, Madelyn; Hogan, Susan L.; Hu, Yichun; Nachman, Patrick H.; Jennette, J. Charles; Preston, Gloria A.; Falk, Ronald J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Div Nephrol & Hypertens, UNC Kidney Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ooi, Joshua D.; Kitching, A. Richard; Holdsworth, Stephen] Monash Univ, Dept Med, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [van Timmeren, Mirjan M.; Stegeman, Coen A.; Heeringa, Peter] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Pathol & Med Biol, Groningen, Netherlands. [Winnik, Witold] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Niles, John] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Renal Div, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Falk, RJ (reprint author), UNC Kidney Ctr, CB 7155,5009 Burnett Womack Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Ronald_Falk@med.unc.edu RI Heeringa, Peter/A-6008-2009; OI Heeringa, Peter/0000-0001-8684-763X; Kitching, Arthur Richard/0000-0002-2713-2391; Ooi, Joshua/0000-0003-3328-2561 FU NIH/NIDDK [P01 DK058335-06]; NHMRC Australia [1008849] FX This work as supported by federal grant P01 DK058335-06 (NIH/NIDDK) and the NHMRC Australia Project Grant 1008849. The authors acknowledge the UNC Michael Hooker Proteomic Center for training and access to the 4800 MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometer under the expert guidance of Nely Dicheva. We would like to thank Gary Hess for his programming assistance of the compilation of epitope profiles. Anna Fisher and Gary Hatch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, are acknowledged for their excellent internal review of the manuscript. The research described in this article has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and the policies of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 31 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD APR PY 2013 VL 123 IS 4 BP 1773 EP 1783 DI 10.1172/JCI65292 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 118JM UT WOS:000317021800036 PM 23549081 ER PT J AU Inn, KGW Johnson, CM Oldham, W Jerome, S Tandon, L Schaaff, T Jones, R Mackney, D MacKill, P Palmer, B Smith, D LaMont, S Griggs, J AF Inn, Kenneth G. W. Johnson, C. Martin, Jr. Oldham, Warren Jerome, Simon Tandon, Lav Schaaff, Thomas Jones, Robert Mackney, Daniel MacKill, Pam Palmer, Brett Smith, Donna LaMont, Stephen Griggs, John TI The urgent requirement for new radioanalytical certified reference materials for nuclear safeguards, forensics, and consequence management SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Reference materials; Metrology; Nuclear; Safeguards; Post-detonation; Detecting technologies; Consequence management AB A multi-agency workshop was held from 25 to 27 August 2009, at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to identify and prioritize the development of radioanalytical Certified Reference Materials (CRMs, generally provided by National Metrology Institutes; Standard Reference Materials, a CRM issued by NIST) for field and laboratory nuclear measurement methods to be used to assess the consequences of a domestic or international nuclear event. Without these CRMs, policy makers concerned with detecting proliferation and trafficking of nuclear materials, attribution and retribution following a nuclear event, and public health consequences of a nuclear event would have difficulty making decisions based on analytical data that would stand up to scientific, public, and judicial scrutiny. The workshop concentrated on three areas: post-incident Improvised Nuclear Device (IND) nuclear forensics, safeguard materials characterization, and consequence management for an IND or a Radiological Dispersion Device detonation scenario. The workshop identified specific CRM requirements to fulfill the needs for these three measurement communities. Of highest priority are: (1) isotope dilution mass spectrometry standards, specifically U-233, Np-236g, Pu-244, and Am-243, used for quantitative analysis of the respective elements that are in critically short supply and in urgent need of replenishment and certification; (2) CRMs that are urgently needed for post-detonation debris analysis of actinides and fission fragments, and (3) CRMs used for destructive and nondestructive analyses for safeguards measurements, and radioisotopes of interest in environmental matrices. C1 [Inn, Kenneth G. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johnson, C. Martin, Jr.] USAF, San Antonio, TX USA. [Oldham, Warren; Tandon, Lav; Smith, Donna; LaMont, Stephen] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Jerome, Simon] Natl Phys Lab, London, England. [Schaaff, Thomas] Y12 Natl Secur Complex, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Jones, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mackney, Daniel; Griggs, John] US EPA, NAREL, Montgomery, AL USA. [MacKill, Pam] US FDA, WEAC, Winchester, MA USA. [Palmer, Brett] Navarro Res & Engn Inc, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Inn, KGW (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kenneth.inn@nist.gov OI Oldham, Warren/0000-0002-0997-2653 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD APR PY 2013 VL 296 IS 1 BP 5 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s10967-012-1972-y PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 112CM UT WOS:000316569600003 ER PT J AU Steiner, HY Halpin, C Jez, JM Kough, J Parrott, W Underhill, L Weber, N Hannah, LC AF Steiner, Henry-York Halpin, Claire Jez, Joseph M. Kough, John Parrott, Wayne Underhill, Lynne Weber, Natalie Hannah, L. Curtis TI Editor's Choice: Evaluating the Potential for Adverse Interactions within Genetically Engineered Breeding Stacks SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENE-EXPRESSION; FEED SAFETY; MAIZE; HYBRIDS; CELERY; FOODS; PHYTOPHOTODERMATITIS; ENDOSPERM; PATTERNS; WORKERS C1 [Steiner, Henry-York] Arysta Life Sci, Herbicides, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Halpin, Claire] Univ Dundee, Div Plant Sci, James Hutton Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Jez, Joseph M.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Kough, John] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Parrott, Wayne] Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Underhill, Lynne] Hlth Canada, Bur Nutr Sci, Food Directorate, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. [Weber, Natalie] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [Hannah, L. Curtis] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Steiner, HY (reprint author), Arysta Life Sci, Herbicides, Cary, NC 27513 USA. OI Halpin, Claire/0000-0002-1808-8130 NR 47 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 161 IS 4 BP 1587 EP 1594 DI 10.1104/pp.112.209817 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 117XZ UT WOS:000316987900001 PM 23460691 ER PT J AU De Vocht, F Northage, C Money, C Cherrie, JW Rajan-Sithamparanadarajah, B Egeghy, P Niven, K Demers, P Van Tongeren, M AF De Vocht, Frank Northage, Christine Money, Chris Cherrie, John W. Rajan-Sithamparanadarajah, Bob Egeghy, Peter Niven, Karen Demers, Paul Van Tongeren, Martie TI The Future of Exposure Assessment: Perspectives From the X2012 Conference SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Editorial Material DE exposure assessment; exposure science; perspectives; X2012 ID CHEMICALS AB The British Occupational Hygiene Society, in collaboration with the Institute of Occupational Medicine, the University of Manchester, the UK Health and Safety Executive, and the University of Aberdeen hosted the 7th International Conference on the Science of Exposure Assessment (X2012) on 2 July5 July 2012 in Edinburgh, UK. The conference ended with a special session at which invited speakers from government, industry, independent research institutes, and academia were asked to reflect on the conference and discuss what may now constitute the important highlights or drivers of future exposure assessment research. This article summarizes these discussions with respect to current and future technical and methodological developments. For the exposure science community to continue to have an impact in protecting public health, additional efforts need to be made to improve partnerships and cross-disciplinary collaborations, although it is equally important to ensure that the traditional occupational exposure themes are still covered as these issues are becoming increasingly important in the developing world. To facilitate this the X conferences should continue to retain a holistic approach to occupational and non-occupational exposures and should actively pursue collaborations with other disciplines and professional organizations to increase the presence of consumer and environmental exposure scientists. C1 [De Vocht, Frank] Univ Manchester, Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, Ctr Epidemiol, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Northage, Christine; Rajan-Sithamparanadarajah, Bob] Hlth & Safety Execut, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Money, Chris] ExxonMobil Petr & Chem, Diegem, Belgium. [Cherrie, John W.; Van Tongeren, Martie] IOM, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Cherrie, John W.; Van Tongeren, Martie] Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Egeghy, Peter] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Niven, Karen] Shell Int BV, Shell Hlth, The Hague, Netherlands. [Demers, Paul] OCRC, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP De Vocht, F (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, Ctr Epidemiol, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Manchester, Lancs, England. EM frank.devocht@manchester.ac.uk OI de Vocht, Frank/0000-0003-3631-627X NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD APR PY 2013 VL 57 IS 3 BP 280 EP 285 DI 10.1093/annhyg/met008 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 108CW UT WOS:000316270000002 PM 23482456 ER PT J AU Korajkic, A McMinn, BR Harwood, VJ Shanks, OC Fout, GS Ashbolt, NJ AF Korajkic, Asja McMinn, Brian R. Harwood, Valerie J. Shanks, Orin C. Fout, G. Shay Ashbolt, Nicholas J. TI Differential Decay of Enterococci and Escherichia coli Originating from Two Fecal Pollution Sources SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDICATOR BACTERIA; SUNLIGHT INACTIVATION; WATER-QUALITY; FRESH-WATER; SURVIVAL; SEAWATER; MARINE; CONTAMINATION; BACTEROIDES; SALMONELLA AB Using in situ subtropical aquatic mesocosms, fecal source (cattle manure versus sewage) was shown to be the most important contributor to differential loss in viability of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), specifically enterococci in freshwater and Escherichia coli in marine habitats. In this study, sunlight exposure and indigenous aquatic microbiota were also important contributors, whose effects on FIB also differed between water types. C1 [Korajkic, Asja; McMinn, Brian R.; Fout, G. Shay; Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Shanks, Orin C.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Harwood, Valerie J.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL USA. RP Korajkic, A (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH USA. EM korajkic.asja@epa.gov; mcminn.brian@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 79 IS 7 BP 2488 EP 2492 DI 10.1128/AEM.03781-12 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 106ZE UT WOS:000316183500049 PM 23377944 ER PT J AU Steffens, JT Heist, DK Perry, SG Zhang, KM AF Steffens, Jonathan T. Heist, David K. Perry, Steven G. Zhang, K. Max TI Modeling the effects of a solid barrier on pollutant dispersion under various atmospheric stability conditions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pollutant dispersion; Flow recirculation; CFD; Modeling ID WIND-TUNNEL; FLOW; SIMULATIONS; TURBULENCE; DISTRIBUTIONS; ENVIRONMENT; PARTICLES; FIELD AB There is a growing need for developing mitigation strategies for near-road air pollution. Roadway design is being considered as one of the potential options. Particularly, it has been suggested that sound barriers, erected to reduce noise, may prove effective at decreasing pollutant concentrations. However, there is still a lack of mechanistic understanding of how solid barriers affect pollutant transport, especially under a variety of meteorological conditions. In this study, we utilized the Comprehensive Turbulent Aerosol Dynamics and Gas Chemistry (CTAG) model to simulate the spatial gradients of SF6 concentrations behind a solid barrier under a variety of atmospheric stability conditions collected during the Near Road Tracer Study (NRTS08). We employed two different CFD models, RANS and LES. A recirculation zone, characterized by strong mixing, forms in the wake of a barrier. It is found that this region is important for accurately predicting pollutant dispersion, but is often insufficiently resolved by the less complex RANS model. The RANS model was found to perform adequately away from the leading edge of the barrier. The LES model, however, performs consistently well at all flow locations. Therefore, the LES model will make a significant improvement compared to the RANS model in regions of strong recirculating flow or edge effects. Our study suggests that advanced simulation tools can potentially provide a variety of numerical experiments that may prove useful for roadway design communities to intelligently design roadways, making effective use of roadside barriers. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Steffens, Jonathan T.; Zhang, K. Max] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Heist, David K.; Perry, Steven G.] MD 81 US Environm Protect Agcy, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Zhang, KM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM kz33@cornell.edu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX We would like to thank Dennis Finn of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for sharing experimental data. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research of DKH and SGP described here. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2013 VL 69 BP 76 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.11.051 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 103QB UT WOS:000315932800008 ER PT J AU Marten, AL Kopp, RE Shouse, KC Griffiths, CW Hodson, EL Kopits, E Mignone, BK Moore, C Newbold, SC Waldhoff, S Wolverton, A AF Marten, Alex L. Kopp, Robert E. Shouse, Kate C. Griffiths, Charles W. Hodson, Elke L. Kopits, Elizabeth Mignone, Bryan K. Moore, Chris Newbold, Steve C. Waldhoff, Stephanie Wolverton, Ann TI Improving the assessment and valuation of climate change impacts for policy and regulatory analysis SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article C1 [Marten, Alex L.; Griffiths, Charles W.; Kopits, Elizabeth; Moore, Chris; Newbold, Steve C.; Wolverton, Ann] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Kopp, Robert E.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Kopp, Robert E.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Energy Inst, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Shouse, Kate C.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hodson, Elke L.; Mignone, Bryan K.] US DOE, Off Climate Change Policy & Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Hodson, Elke L.] Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Waldhoff, Stephanie] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. RP Marten, AL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM marten.alex@epa.gov OI Kopp, Robert/0000-0003-4016-9428 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD APR PY 2013 VL 117 IS 3 SI SI BP 433 EP 438 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0608-0 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 106FS UT WOS:000316129000001 ER PT J AU Wilson, TE DeMarini, DM Dertinger, SD Engelward, BP Hanawalt, PC MacGregor, JT Smith-Roe, SL Witt, KL Yauk, CL Ljungman, M Schwartz, JL Klein, CB AF Wilson, Thomas E. DeMarini, David M. Dertinger, Stephen D. Engelward, Bevin P. Hanawalt, Philip C. MacGregor, James T. Smith-Roe, Stephanie L. Witt, Kristine L. Yauk, Carole L. Ljungman, Mats Schwartz, Jeffrey L. Klein, Catherine B. TI Building on the past, shaping the future: The environmental mutagenesis and genomics society SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE genetics; epigenetics; toxicology; DNA repair; mutation research; mutagen ID GENETIC TOXICOLOGY; ORIGINS AB In late 2012, the members of the Environmental Mutagen Society voted to change its name to the Environmental Mutagenesis and Genomics Society. Here, we describe the thought process that led to adoption of the new name, which both respects the rich history of a Society founded in 1969 and reflects the many advances in our understanding of the nature and breadth of gene-environment interactions during the intervening 43 years. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 54:153157, 2013. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Wilson, Thomas E.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wilson, Thomas E.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [DeMarini, David M.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dertinger, Stephen D.] Litron Labs, Rochester, NY USA. [Engelward, Bevin P.] MIT, Dept Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hanawalt, Philip C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [MacGregor, James T.] Toxicol Consulting Serv, Bonita Springs, FL USA. [Smith-Roe, Stephanie L.; Witt, Kristine L.] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Yauk, Carole L.] Hlth Canada, Environm Hlth Sci & Res Bur, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Ljungman, Mats] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Ljungman, Mats] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Translat Oncol Program, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Schwartz, Jeffrey L.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Klein, Catherine B.] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. RP Wilson, TE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, 2065 BSRB,109 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM wilsonte@umich.edu OI Yauk, Carole/0000-0003-4919-876X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD APR PY 2013 VL 54 IS 3 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1002/em.21765 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 107OM UT WOS:000316227700001 PM 23444128 ER PT J AU Tolaymat, TM El Badawy, AM Carson, DA AF Tolaymat, Thabet M. El Badawy, Amro M. Carson, David A. TI Estimate of the Decay Rate Constant of Hydrogen Sulfide from Drywall in a Simulated Bench-Scale Study SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Drywall; Hydrogen sulfide; C&D; Landfill ID DEMOLITION DEBRIS LANDFILLS; CONSTRUCTION; DECOMPOSITION AB Research was conducted to investigate the impact of particle size on H2S gas emissions and estimate a decay rate constant for H2S gas generation from the anaerobic decomposition of drywall. Three different particle sizes of regular drywall and one particle size of paperless drywall were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a carbon-limited environment. The paperless drywall generated significantly less H2S gas than regular drywall at the same particle size. No significant differences were found between the rates of H2S gas generated from the different particle sizes of regular drywall investigated (p = 0.44), which most likely was the result of the carbon limitation. The volume of H2S gas emitted from drywall was modeled as a first-order decay with correction factors that take into account the impacts of pH, temperature, and liquid-gas partitioning. The first-order decay model resulted in an average decay constant value of 0.14 +/- 0.01 and 0.031 year(-1) for regular and paperless drywall, respectively, using a theoretical gas generation potential of 124 m(3) mg(-1). Although the proposed model is unique in terms of taking into account the impact of gas-liquid phase partitioning, and the pH on the volume of H2S gas emissions, H2S generation and emission from construction and demolition (CD) landfills are influenced by many other factors for which the writers do not account. Thus, more research is needed to accurately predict H2S emissions from CD landfills. Nonetheless, the presented model offers a tool to landfill owners and engineers to estimate a baseline volume of H2S gas that may be emitted from landfilled drywall. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000609. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Tolaymat, Thabet M.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [El Badawy, Amro M.] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [El Badawy, Amro M.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Engn, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Carson, David A.] US EPA, Waste Management Branch, Natl Risk Management Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Tolaymat, TM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Off Res & Dev, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM tolaymat.thabet@epa.gov; el-badawy.amro@epa.gov; carson.david@epa.gov FU NRMRL of the U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development FX This research was funded by the NRMRL of the U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development. The manuscript has not been subjected to the agency's internal review; therefore, the opinions expressed in this paper are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect the official positions and policies of the U.S. EPA. The writers thank Dr. Morton Balraz (North Carolina State University) for his help and insight. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD APR PY 2013 VL 139 IS 4 BP 538 EP 544 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000609 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 112BD UT WOS:000316565700012 ER PT J AU Gentry, R AF Gentry, Randall TI Special Issue on Impacts of Land Use and Climate Change on Hydrological Processes in China Introduction SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gentry, Randall] US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Gentry, Randall] Univ Tennessee, Inst Secure & Sustainable Environm, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Gentry, R (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM gentry.randall@epa.gov RI Gentry, Randall/J-8177-2012 OI Gentry, Randall/0000-0003-2477-8127 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD APR PY 2013 VL 18 IS 4 SI SI BP 377 EP 377 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000778 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 111ZV UT WOS:000316561900001 ER PT J AU Hejl, AM Adetona, O Diaz-Sanchez, D Carter, JD Commodore, AA Rathbun, SL Naeher, LP AF Hejl, Anna M. Adetona, Olorunfemi Diaz-Sanchez, David Carter, Jacqueline D. Commodore, Adwoa A. Rathbun, Stephen L. Naeher, Luke P. TI Inflammatory Effects of Woodsmoke Exposure Among Wildland Firefighters Working at Prescribed Burns at the Savannah River Site, SC SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE dried blood spot; inflammation; interleukin-8; prescribed burns; wildland firefighters; woodsmoke ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; WOOD SMOKE EXPOSURE; DIESEL EXHAUST; AIR-POLLUTION; BLOOD; SERUM; CYTOKINES; PROTEIN; PLASMA; ADHESION AB Wildland firefighters in the United States are occupationally exposed to high levels of woodsmoke. Results from experimental studies show that exposure to woodsmoke induces inflammation. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of occupational woodsmoke exposure on inflammatory biomarkers in firefighters working at prescribed burns. Twelve U.S. Forest Service wildland firefighters at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, volunteered to give blood samples during four prescribed burns between February and March 2011. Twenty-four paired (pre- and post-work shift) blood samples were collected using dried blood spot method to facilitate repeated sample collection. Inflammatory biomarker concentrations in blood samples were measured using the Meso Scale Discovery multi-spot assay system. Concurrent personal PM2.5 and CO monitoring of firefighters was conducted. Linear mixed models were used to test whether cross-work shift differences occurred in the following inflammatory biomarkers: IL-1, IL-8, CRP, SAA, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. IL-8 showed a significant cross-work shift difference as indicated by a post/pre-work shift ratio of 1.70 (95% CL: 1.35, 2.13; p = 0.0012). Concentrations of IL-8, CRP, and ICAM-1 increased in >50% of samples across work shift. Firefighters who lighted fires as opposed to other work tasks had the largest cross-work shift increase in IL-8. A significant cross-work shift increase in IL-8 in blood samples was observed in healthy wildland firefighters working at prescribed burns. Further research is needed to understand the physiological responses underlying the adverse effects of woodsmoke exposure, and the dose-response relationship between woodsmoke exposure and inflammatory responses. C1 [Hejl, Anna M.; Adetona, Olorunfemi; Commodore, Adwoa A.; Naeher, Luke P.] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Diaz-Sanchez, David; Carter, Jacqueline D.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Clin Res Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rathbun, Stephen L.] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Naeher, LP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 206 Environm Hlth Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM LNaeher@uga.edu FU U.S. Forest Service (USFS) [DE-AI09-00SR 22188, H2001-10311-5]; National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Education Research Center (NIOSH/ERC) via the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) [2T42OH008436, 2T42OH008436-03] FX Funding and support was by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Savannah River - Interagency Agreement DE-AI09-00SR 22188 (project number H2001-10311-5) and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Education Research Center (NIOSH/ERC) Small Project/Pilot Study Grants via the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) (grant numbers 2T42OH008436 and 2T42OH008436-03 awarded in 2010 and 2011, respectively). NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 EI 1545-9632 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 10 IS 4 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1080/15459624.2012.760064 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097QG UT WOS:000315488000003 PM 23363434 ER PT J AU Louis, GW Hallinger, DR Stoker, TE AF Louis, Gwendolyn W. Hallinger, Daniel R. Stoker, Tammy E. TI The effect of triclosan on the uterotrophic response to extended doses of ethinyl estradiol in the weanling rat SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Triclosan; Estrogen; Uterotrophic ID HYDROXYLATED PCB METABOLITES; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; GENE-EXPRESSION; IMMATURE RATS; UTERINE CALBINDIN-D9K; OECD PROGRAM; BISPHENOL-A; IN-VIVO; EXPOSURE AB Triclosan (TCS), an antibacterial, has been shown to be an endocrine disruptor in the rat. We reported previously that TCS potentiated the estrogenic effect of ethinyl estradiol (EE) on uterine growth in rats exposed to EE and TCS in the uterotrophic assay, whereas TCS alone had no effect. To further characterize this potentiation, we evaluated the effect of co-exposure with lower doses of EE that are comparable to the concentrations in hormone replacement regimens and began to assess the mechanisms by which this potentiation occurs. Changes in uterine weight, epithelial cell growth, and estrogen-sensitive gene expression were assessed. TCS expectedly enhanced the uterotrophic response to EE, however at significantly lower doses of EE. Similarly, TCS increased the EE-induced stimulation of epithelial cell height following cotreatment. Cotreatment also enhanced the estrogen-induced change in gene expression, which was reversed with an ER antagonist. Furthermore, the TCS-induced potentiation was independent of ER activation, as no effects were observed in the ER TA assay. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Louis, Gwendolyn W.; Hallinger, Daniel R.; Stoker, Tammy E.] US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Louis, Gwendolyn W.] US DOE, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Louis, GW (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, NHEERL ORD, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM louis.gwendolyn@epa.gov NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 36 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.12.001 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 108PD UT WOS:000316307000010 PM 23261820 ER PT J AU Fariss, MW Gilmour, MI Reilly, CA Liedtke, W Ghio, AJ AF Fariss, Marc W. Gilmour, M. Ian Reilly, Christopher A. Liedtke, Wolfgang Ghio, Andrew J. TI Emerging Mechanistic Targets in Lung Injury Induced by Combustion-Generated Particles SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE transient receptor potential channels; vehicle emissions; cigarette smoke; calcium; humic-like substances ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; INDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; HUMIC-LIKE SUBSTANCES; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; PARTICULATE MATTER; IN-VITRO; WOOD SMOKE AB The mechanism for biological effect following exposure to combustion-generated particles is incompletely defined. The identification of pathways regulating the acute toxicological effects of these particles provides specific targets for therapeutic manipulation in an attempt to impact disease following exposures. Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels were identified as "particle sensors" in that their activation was coupled with the initiation of protective responses limiting airway deposition and inflammatory responses, which promote degradation and clearance of the particles. TRPA1, V1, V4, and M8 have a capacity to mediate adverse effects after exposure to combustion-generated particulate matter (PM); relative contributions of each depend upon particle composition, dose, and deposition. Exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells to an organic extract of diesel exhaust particle was followed by TRPV4 mediating Ca(++)influx, increased RAS expression, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 activation. These novel pathways of biological effect can be targeted by compounds that specifically inhibit critical signaling reactions. In addition to TRPs and calcium biochemistry, humic-like substances (HLS) and cell/tissue iron equilibrium were identified as potential mechanistic targets in lung injury after particle exposure. In respiratory epithelial cells, iron sequestration by HLS in wood smoke particle (WSP) was associated with oxidant generation, cell signaling, transcription factor activation, and release of inflammatory mediators. Similar to WSP, cytotoxic insoluble nanosized spherical particles composed of HLS were isolated from cigarette smoke condensate. Therapies that promote bioelimination of HLS and prevent the disruption of iron homeostasis could function to reduce the harmful effects of combustion-generated PM exposure. C1 [Fariss, Marc W.] Altria Client Serv Inc, Richmond, VA USA. [Gilmour, M. Ian; Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Durham, NC USA. [Reilly, Christopher A.] Univ Utah, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Liedtke, Wolfgang] Duke Univ, Dept Med, Durham, NC USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov FU Philip Morris USA; Altria Client Services FX Funding of Dr Marc Fariss' effort was provided by Philip Morris USA and Altria Client Services. The authors also acknowledge the editorial assistance of Eileen Y. Ivasauskas of Accuwrit Inc. NR 112 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 34 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 132 IS 2 BP 253 EP 267 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kft001 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 109LY UT WOS:000316371300001 PM 23322347 ER PT J AU Skolness, SY Blanksma, CA Cavallin, JE Churchill, JJ Durhan, EJ Jensen, KM Johnson, RD Kahl, MD Makynen, EA Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT AF Skolness, Sarah Y. Blanksma, Chad A. Cavallin, Jenna E. Churchill, Jessica J. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Jensen, Kathleen M. Johnson, Rodney D. Kahl, Michael D. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Ankley, Gerald T. TI Propiconazole Inhibits Steroidogenesis and Reproduction in the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE propiconazole; fish; reproduction; steriodogenesis; endocrine disruption ID ERGOSTEROL BIOSYNTHESIS; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; REFUSE DUMP; FUNGICIDES; KETOCONAZOLE; CYTOCHROME-P450; ANTIFUNGALS; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION; CHEMICALS AB Conazoles are designed to inhibit cytochrome P450 (CYP) 14 alpha-demethylase, an enzyme key to fungal cell wall formation. In vertebrates, conazoles may inhibit other CYPs, potentially disrupting processes like sex steroid synthesis. Propiconazole is a current-use pesticide that is among the first chemicals being tested in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency endocrine disruptor screening program. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to 0, 5, 50, 500, or 1000 mu g propiconazole/l in a 21-day study that evaluated apical reproductive endpoints (fecundity, fertility, hatch); measures of endocrine function and steroid synthesis, such as cholesterol, vitellogenin (VTG), and sex steroid (testosterone [T], 17 beta-estradiol [E2]) concentrations in the plasma; and changes in gonadal expression of steroidogenic genes. Plasma E2 and VTG concentrations in females were reduced by exposure to propiconazole, and egg production was decreased in the 500 and 1000 mu g/l treatment groups. These in vivo effects coincided with inhibition of E2 synthesis by ovary explants exposed to propiconazole in vitro. We also observed a compensatory response in females exposed to propiconazole, manifested as increased gonad weight and upregulation of genes coding for key steriodogenic proteins, including CYP19 (aromatase), CYP17 (hydroxylase/lyase), CYP11A (cholesterol side-chain-cleavage), and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. Other than an increase in relative testis weight, effects on endocrine function in males were less pronounced than in females. This study provides important data relative to the potential endocrine activity of propiconazole in fish and, more generally, to the further delineation of pathways for the reproductive effects of steroid synthesis inhibitors in fish. C1 [Skolness, Sarah Y.] Univ Minnesota, Toxicol Grad Program, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Blanksma, Chad A.; Cavallin, Jenna E.] US EPA, ORISE Res Participat Program, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Churchill, Jessica J.; Durhan, Elizabeth J.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Johnson, Rodney D.; Kahl, Michael D.; Makynen, Elizabeth A.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM ankley.gerald@epa.gov FU USEPA Office of Research and Development [83492801]; University of Minnesota-Duluth FX USEPA Office of Research and Development, in part, through a Cooperative Research Training Agreement (83492801) with the University of Minnesota-Duluth. NR 54 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 75 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 132 IS 2 BP 284 EP 297 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kft010 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 109LY UT WOS:000316371300004 PM 23339182 ER PT J AU Wetmore, BA Wambaugh, JF Ferguson, SS Li, LL Clewell, HJ Judson, RS Freeman, K Bao, WJ Sochaski, MA Chu, TM Black, MB Healy, E Allen, B Andersen, ME Wolfinger, RD Thomas, RS AF Wetmore, Barbara A. Wambaugh, John F. Ferguson, Stephen S. Li, Lili Clewell, Harvey J., III Judson, Richard S. Freeman, Kimberly Bao, Wenjun Sochaski, Mark A. Chu, Tzu-Ming Black, Michael B. Healy, Eric Allen, Brittany Andersen, Melvin E. Wolfinger, Russell D. Thomas, Russell S. TI Relative Impact of Incorporating Pharmacokinetics on Predicting In Vivo Hazard and Mode of Action from High-Throughput In Vitro Toxicity Assays SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE pharmacokinetics; predictive toxicology; alternatives to animal testing; metabolism; dose-response ID EPAS TOXCAST PROGRAM; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; TOXICOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; SCREENING DATA; RAT; METABOLISM; EXPOSURE; LINDANE; MOUSE AB The use of high-throughput in vitro assays has been proposed to play a significant role in the future of toxicity testing. In this study, rat hepatic metabolic clearance and plasma protein binding were measured for 59 ToxCast phase I chemicals. Computational in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation was used to estimate the daily dose in a rat, called the oral equivalent dose, which would result in steady-state in vivo blood concentrations equivalent to the AC(50) or lowest effective concentration (LEC) across more than 600 ToxCast phase I in vitro assays. Statistical classification analysis was performed using either oral equivalent doses or unadjusted AC(50)/LEC values for the in vitro assays to predict the in vivo effects of the 59 chemicals. Adjusting the in vitro assays for pharmacokinetics did not improve the ability to predict in vivo effects as either a discrete (yes or no) response or a low effect level (LEL) on a continuous dose scale. Interestingly, a comparison of the in vitro assay with the lowest oral equivalent dose with the in vivo endpoint with the lowest LEL suggested that the lowest oral equivalent dose may provide a conservative estimate of the point of departure for a chemical in a dose-response assessment. Furthermore, comparing the oral equivalent doses for the in vitro assays with the in vivo dose range that resulted in adverse effects identified more coincident in vitro assays across chemicals than expected by chance, suggesting that the approach may also be used to identify potential molecular initiating events leading to adversity. C1 [Wetmore, Barbara A.; Clewell, Harvey J., III; Sochaski, Mark A.; Black, Michael B.; Healy, Eric; Allen, Brittany; Andersen, Melvin E.; Thomas, Russell S.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wambaugh, John F.; Judson, Richard S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ferguson, Stephen S.; Freeman, Kimberly] Life Technol Corp, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Li, Lili; Bao, Wenjun; Chu, Tzu-Ming; Wolfinger, Russell D.] SAS Inst Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Thomas, RS (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, 6 Davis Dr,POB 12137, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM rthomas@thehamner.org OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811; Thomas, Russell/0000-0002-2340-0301; Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633; Wambaugh, John/0000-0002-4024-534X FU American Chemistry Council's Long-Range Research Initiative; Agilent Foundation FX American Chemistry Council's Long-Range Research Initiative; Agilent Foundation. NR 67 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 47 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 132 IS 2 BP 327 EP 346 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kft012 PG 20 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 109LY UT WOS:000316371300008 PM 23358191 ER PT J AU Perez, CM Ledbetter, AD Hazari, MS Haykal-Coates, N Carll, AP Winsett, DW Costa, DL Farraj, AK AF Perez, Christina M. Ledbetter, Allen D. Hazari, Mehdi S. Haykal-Coates, Najwa Carll, Alex P. Winsett, Darrell W. Costa, Daniel L. Farraj, Aimen K. TI Hypoxia Stress Test Reveals Exaggerated Cardiovascular Effects in Hypertensive Rats After Exposure to the Air Pollutant Acrolein SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE spontaneously hypertensive rat; hypoxia; acrolein; blood pressure ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; DIESEL-EXHAUST INHALATION; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; PARTICULATE MATTER; CARDIAC-ARRHYTHMIA; NORMOTENSIVE RATS; CAROTID-BODIES; BLOOD-PRESSURE; MORTALITY AB Exposure to air pollution increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially in susceptible populations. Despite increased risk, adverse responses are often delayed and require additional stress tests to reveal latent effects of exposure. The goal of this study was to use an episode of "transient hypoxia" as an extrinsic stressor to uncover latent susceptibility to environmental pollutants in a rodent model of hypertension. We hypothesized that exposure to acrolein, an unsaturated aldehyde and mucosal irritant found in cigarette smoke, diesel exhaust, and power plant emissions, would increase cardiopulmonary sensitivity to hypoxia, particularly in hypertensive rats. Spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto (normotensive) rats, implanted with radiotelemeters, were exposed once for 3 h to 3 ppm acrolein gas or filtered air in whole-body plethysmograph chambers and challenged with a 10% oxygen atmosphere (10 min) 24h later. Acrolein exposure increased heart rate, blood pressure, breathing frequency, and minute volume in hypertensive rats and also increased the heart rate variability parameter LF, suggesting a potential role for increased sympathetic tone. Normotensive rats only had increased blood pressure during acrolein exposure. The hypoxia stress test after acrolein exposure revealed increased diastolic blood pressure only in hypertensive rats and increased minute volume and expiratory time only in normotensive rats. These results suggest that hypertension confers exaggerated sensitivity to air pollution and that the hypoxia stress test is a novel tool to reveal the potential latent effects of air pollution exposure. C1 [Perez, Christina M.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Ledbetter, Allen D.; Hazari, Mehdi S.; Winsett, Darrell W.; Farraj, Aimen K.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Haykal-Coates, Najwa] US EPA, Biostat & Bioinformat Res Core Unit, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Carll, Alex P.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Costa, Daniel L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Farraj, AK (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Mail Code B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM farraj.aimen@epa.gov OI Carll, Alex/0000-0003-1832-3070 FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; EPA-NHEERL/UNC-DESE Cooperative Training in Environmental Sciences Research [CR83323601]; EPA/UNC Toxicology Training Agreement [CR-83515201-0] FX National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (to C.M.P.); the EPA-NHEERL/UNC-DESE Cooperative Training in Environmental Sciences & Research (CR83323601 to A.P.C.); the EPA/UNC Toxicology Training Agreement (CR-83515201-0 to A.P.C.). NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 132 IS 2 BP 467 EP 477 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kft008 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 109LY UT WOS:000316371300020 PM 23335627 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Kline, DE Bhattacharya, S Crawford, RB Conolly, RB Thomas, RS Andersen, ME Kaminski, NE AF Zhang, Qiang Kline, Douglas E. Bhattacharya, Sudin Crawford, Robert B. Conolly, Rory B. Thomas, Russell S. Andersen, Melvin E. Kaminski, Norbert E. TI All-or-none suppression of B cell terminal differentiation by environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TCDD; AhR; All-or-none; Bistable; Bach2; Feed-forward ID ANTIBODY CLASS SWITCH; GENE-EXPRESSION; REGULATORY NETWORK; POSITIVE-FEEDBACK; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PLASMA-CELLS; BLIMP-1; TRANSCRIPTION; BACH2; REPRESSION AB Many environmental contaminants can disrupt the adaptive immune response. Exposure to the ubiquitous aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and other agonists suppresses the antibody response. The underlying pathway mechanism by which TCDD alters B cell function is not well understood. The present study investigated the mechanism of AhR-mediated pathways and mode of suppression by which TCDD perturbs terminal differentiation of B cells to plasma cells and thereby impairs antibody production. An integrated approach combining computational pathway modeling and in vitro assays with primary mouse B cells activated by lipopolysaccharide was employed. We demonstrated that suppression of the IgM response by TCDD occurs in an all-or-none (binary) rather than graded mode: i.e., it reduces the number of IgM-secreting cells in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting the IgM content in individual plasma cells. The mathematical model of the gene regulatory circuit underpinning B cell differentiation revealed that two previously identified AhR-regulated pathways, inhibition of signaling protein AP-1 and activation of transcription factor Bach2, could account for the all-or-none mode of suppression. Both pathways disrupt the operation of a bistable-switch circuit that contains transcription factors Bc16, Prdm1, Pax5, and Bach2 and regulates B cell fate. The model further predicted that by transcriptionally activating Bach2, TCDD might delay B cell differentiation and increase the likelihood of isotype switching, thereby altering the antibody repertoire. In conclusion, the present study revealed the mode and specific pathway mechanisms by which the environmental immunosuppressant TCDD suppresses B cell differentiation. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Qiang; Bhattacharya, Sudin; Thomas, Russell S.; Andersen, Melvin E.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Inst Chem Safety Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kline, Douglas E.; Crawford, Robert B.; Kaminski, Norbert E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Conolly, Rory B.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Inst Chem Safety Sci, Ctr Dose Response Modeling, 6 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM qzhang@thehamner.org; kamins11@msu.edu OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811; Thomas, Russell/0000-0002-2340-0301 FU Superfund Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42ES04911] FX We would like to thank the Superfund Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P42ES04911 to NEK) for supporting this work. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 268 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.015 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 108OP UT WOS:000316305600002 PM 23357550 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Rattanaudompol, US Li, H Bouchard, D AF Zhang, Wei Rattanaudompol, U-sa Li, Hui Bouchard, Dermont TI Effects of humic and fulvic acids on aggregation of aqu/nC(60) nanoparticles SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Buckminsterfullerene; Nanoparticle; Aggregation; Natural organic matter; Humic acid; Fulvic acid; Dynamic light scattering; Ohshima's soft particle theory ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; FULLERENE C-60 NANOPARTICLES; METAL-ION BINDING; PARTICLE-SIZE; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS; AQUEOUS SYSTEMS; POROUS-MEDIA AB Aggregation of fullerene nanoparticles (nC(60)) is a fundamental process influencing its environmental fate and transport, and toxicity. Using time-resolved dynamic light scattering we systematically investigated aggregation kinetics of nC(60) generated from extended mixing in water (termed as aqu/nC(60)) in a range of symmetrical monovalent (NaCl) or divalent (MgSO4) electrolyte concentrations with the presence/absence of model natural organic matter (NOM), i.e., Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) and fulvic acid (SRFA), at three pH levels (4, 7.8, 9.8). Electrophoretic mobility (EPM) data were interpreted according to the Ohshima's soft particle theory to obtain average characteristics of the adsorbed NOM layers, which was then used to explain the observed aggregation profiles. Results indicate that the presence of NOM stabilized aqu/nC(60), and SRHA was more effective than SRFA in suppressing aqu/nC(60) aggregation. The stabilization effect of NOM in the presence of NaCl was less pronounced than in the presence of MgSO4, likely as a result of high aggregation potential of aqu/nC(60) in the presence of MgSO4 due to effective charge screening and neutralization. The differential stabilization capacity between SRHA and SRFA could be explained by the structural and conformational characteristics of the adsorbed NOM layers by invoking steric repulsion, as determined by both the adsorbed layer thickness and the NOM affinity to aqu/nC(60). While this was true under most conditions, the discrepancy observed in the presence of MgSO4 at pH 9.8 may be attributed to inter-particle aggregation through Mg2+ binding with SRFA that is not included in steric repulsion theory. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Wei; Li, Hui] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Zhang, Wei] Michigan State Univ, Environm Sci & Policy Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rattanaudompol, U-sa; Bouchard, Dermont] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM weizhang@msu.edu RI Zhang, Wei/B-4219-2011; Li, Hui/G-4055-2010 OI Zhang, Wei/0000-0002-2937-1732; Li, Hui/0000-0003-3298-5265 FU National Research Council at the National Exposure Research Laboratory of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) FX This research was partly supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship Award to Wei Zhang at the National Exposure Research Laboratory of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of USEPA. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 55 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 8 U2 160 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1793 EP 1802 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.037 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 098IQ UT WOS:000315543100008 PM 23374256 ER PT J AU Chen, BB Imashev, SA Sverdlik, LG Solomon, PA Lantz, J Schauer, JJ Shafer, MM Artamonova, MS Carmichael, GR AF Chen, Boris B. Imashev, Sanjar A. Sverdlik, Leonid G. Solomon, Paul A. Lantz, Jeffrey Schauer, James J. Shafer, Martin M. Artamonova, Maria S. Carmichael, Greg R. TI Ozone Variations over Central Tien-Shan in Central Asia and Implications for Regional Emissions Reduction Strategies SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Total column ozone; Tropospheric ozone; OMI Satellite; HCHO/NO2; NOx versus VOC limited ID TROPOSPHERIC NO2; SENSITIVITY; ATMOSPHERE; RETRIEVAL; TRANSPORT; SPACE AB The variability of total column ozone (TCO) and tropospheric column ozone (TrCO) was examined in Central Asia. Measurements were conducted at the Lidar Station Teplokluchenka in eastern Kyrgyzstan for one year, July 2008-July 2009. TCO was obtained using a handheld Microtops II Ozonometer (TCO-MII) and from the Aura OMI (TCO-OMI) satellite. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde concentrations also were obtained from the OMI satellite. Formaldehyde was used as a surrogate for volatile organic compounds. TrCO was estimated by the difference between TCO-OMI and stratospheric column ozone retrieved from the MLS satellite. Comparison of the ground-based TCO-MII with TCO-OMI showed good agreement (r(2) = 0.93), and linear regression between these was used to estimate missing values in the TCO-MII dataset. The contribution of TrCO to TCO varied from 15% in summertime to 5% in winter. High values of TrCO were observed during summer (July: 45 DU) and low values during winter (December: 15 DU), as is typically observed. The average values of TrCO for summer, autumn, winter, and spring were equal to 42, 27, 20, and 30 DU, respectively. Seasonal variability of TrCO corresponded to solar intensity, indicating that TrCO is likely to form through photochemical means rather than stratospheric intrusion. The spatial distribution of NO2 and VOC were examined to better understand the regional sources of these ozone precursors. Transport from highly populated areas of the Ferghana Valley and Tashkent in Uzbekistan contributed to the TrCO concentrations observed in this work. The HCHO/NO2 ratio, an indicator of the ozone production rate, suggested that reducing NO2 would be more effective in reducing TrCO during most of the year, except summer, when reductions of both would likely be needed. C1 [Chen, Boris B.; Imashev, Sanjar A.; Sverdlik, Leonid G.] Kyrgyz Russian Slav Univ, Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan. [Solomon, Paul A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Lantz, Jeffrey] US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Schauer, James J.; Shafer, Martin M.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Artamonova, Maria S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow 109017, Russia. [Carmichael, Greg R.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Imashev, SA (reprint author), Kyrgyz Russian Slav Univ, 44 Kievskaya Str, Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan. EM sanjar_imashev@krsu.edu.kg RI Imashev, Sanjar/I-7667-2016 OI Imashev, Sanjar/0000-0003-3293-3764 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-06-001]; International Science & Technology Center [3715]; EPA's Office of International and Tribal Affairs; Office of Science Policy FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded this study and collaborated in the research described here under Contract EP-D-06-001 to the University of Wisconsin-Madison as a component of the International Science & Technology Center (ISTC) project # 3715 (Transcontinental Transport of Air Pollution from Central Asia to the US) funded by the EPA's Office of International and Tribal Affairs and the Office of Science Policy. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement, certification, or recommendation for use. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR PI TAICHUNG COUNTY PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN SN 1680-8584 EI 2071-1409 J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res. PD APR PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 555 EP 562 DI 10.4209/aaqr.2012.06.156 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 095IH UT WOS:000315327400012 ER PT J AU Kotchenruther, RA AF Kotchenruther, Robert A. TI A regional assessment of marine vessel PM2.5 impacts in the U.S. Pacific Northwest using a receptor-based source apportionment method SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PM2.5; Marine vessel emissions; Positive matrix factorization; Source apportionment; Residual fuel oil; Emissions control area ID AMBIENT FINE PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION; IMPROVE SITE; LOS-ANGELES; EMISSIONS; SEATTLE; WASHINGTON; AREA AB This work reports results from a receptor-based source apportionment analysis using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model on chemically speciated PM2.5 data from 36 urban and rural monitoring sites within the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The approach taken is to model each site independently, treats monitor datasets with a common data preparation protocol, and uses a common modeling protocol. Complementary data from two monitoring networks, the urban Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) and rural Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) Network, was modeled for the period of 2007-2011.15 different factor types were found for CSN sites and 17 for IMPROVE sites, however many factors occurred at only a few locations. Only 3 factor types were common in both networks: sulfate/sulfur rich, nitrate rich, and soil. However, for coastal and hear coastal monitoring sites there were three additional factors common in both networks: sea salt, aged sea salt, and residual fuel oil combustion (RFO). This work presents annual average PM2.5 mass impacts for all sites and factors found and the results for RFO are explored in greater depth. The association between RFO results and commercial marine vessel emissions is made based on similarities between factor chemical profiles and published emissions profiles, comparisons with emissions inventories, and the similarity in the spatial extent of RFO factor locations to that of the other marine aerosols identified in this study, sea salt and aged sea salt. All 14 monitoring sites with marine vessel RFO factors showed a seasonal cycle of mass impacts, with lower impacts in winter months (monthly average PM2.5 between 0.1 mu g m(-3) and 0.9 mu g m(-3) in January) and higher impacts in summer months (monthly average PM2.5 between 0.3 mu g m(-3) and 2.7 mu g m(-3) in August). These results set a baseline to measure progress in emissions reductions that are expected from implementation of the North American Emissions Control Area (ECA) beginning in August 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Environm Assessment, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Kotchenruther, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Environm Assessment, Reg 10,1200 6th Ave,Suite 900,OEA-095, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM Kotchenruther.Robert@epa.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 73 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2013 VL 68 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.11.067 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 094CR UT WOS:000315241100013 ER PT J AU Sarwar, G Fahey, K Kwok, R Gilliam, RC Roselle, SJ Mathur, R Xue, J Yu, JZ Carter, WPL AF Sarwar, Golam Fahey, Kathleen Kwok, Roger Gilliam, Robert C. Roselle, Shawn J. Mathur, Rohit Xue, Jian Yu, Jianzhen Carter, William P. L. TI Potential impacts of two SO2 oxidation pathways on regional sulfate concentrations: Aqueous-phase oxidation by NO2 and gas-phase oxidation by Stabilized Criegee Intermediates SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sulfate; Aqueous chemistry; Criegee intermediate; SO2; NO2; Alkene; O-3 ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; ACID DEPOSITION; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; AIR; OZONE; AEROSOL; DISTRIBUTIONS; TROPOSPHERE AB We examine the potential impacts of two additional sulfate production pathways using the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system. First we evaluate the impact of the aqueous-phase oxidation of S(IV) by nitrogen dioxide using two published rate constants, differing by 1-2 orders of magnitude. The reaction with alternate high and low rate constants enhances monthly mean wintertime sulfate by 4-20% and 0.4-1.2% respectively. The reaction does not significantly impact summertime sulfate. The higher sulfate predictions in winter compare better with the observed data as the model tends to underpredict sulfate concentrations both in winter and summer. We also investigate the potential impact of the gas-phase oxidation of sulfur dioxide by the Stabilized Criegee Intermediate (SCI) using a recently measured rate constant for its reaction with sulfur dioxide. Model results indicate that the gas-phase oxidation of sulfur dioxide by the SCI does not significantly affect sulfate concentrations due to the competing reaction of the SCI with water vapor. The current estimate of the rate constant for the SCI reaction with water vapor is too high for the SCI reaction with sulfur dioxide to significantly affect sulfate production. However, a sensitivity analysis using a lower rate constant for the water vapor reaction suggests that the SCI reaction with sulfur dioxide could potentially enhance sulfate production in the model. Further study is needed to accurately measure the rate constants of the aqueous-phase oxidation of S(IV) by nitrogen dioxide and the gas-phase reaction of the SCI with water vapor. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sarwar, Golam; Fahey, Kathleen; Kwok, Roger; Gilliam, Robert C.; Roselle, Shawn J.; Mathur, Rohit] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Xue, Jian; Yu, Jianzhen] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Carter, William P. L.] Univ Calif Riverside, CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Sarwar, G (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sarwar.golam@epa.gov RI Yu, Jian/A-9669-2008 OI Yu, Jian/0000-0002-6165-6500 NR 55 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 15 U2 136 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2013 VL 68 BP 186 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.11.036 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 094CR UT WOS:000315241100022 ER PT J AU Laditka, SB Laditka, JN Liu, R Price, AE Friedman, DB Wu, B Bryant, LL Corwin, SJ Ivey, SL AF Laditka, Sarah B. Laditka, James N. Liu, Rui Price, Anna E. Friedman, Daniela B. Wu, Bei Bryant, Lucinda L. Corwin, Sara J. Ivey, Susan L. TI How do older people describe others with cognitive impairment? A multiethnic study in the United States SO AGEING & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; brain health; cognition; dementia; focus groups; memory; qualitative research; senility ID ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; HEALTHY BRAIN; DEMENTIA; AMERICANS; BELIEFS; ADULTS; PERCEPTIONS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE AB We studied how older people describe others with cognitive impairment. Forty-two focus groups represented African Americans, American Indians, Chinese Americans, Latinos, Vietnamese Americans, and Whites other than Latinos (Whites) (N=396, ages 50+), in nine locations in the United States of America. Axial coding connected categories and identified themes. The constant comparison method compared themes across ethnic groups. African Americans, American Indians and Whites emphasised memory loss. African Americans, American Indians, Latinos and Whites stressed withdrawal, isolation and repetitive speech. African Americans, American Indians, Vietnamese Americans and Whites emphasised 'slow thinking'. Only Whites described mood swings and personality changes. Many participants attributed dementia to stress. Terms describing others with dementia included 'Alzheimer's', 'dementia', 'senile' and 'crazy'. Euphemisms were common ('senior moment', 'old timer's disease'). Responses focused on memory, with limited mention of other cognitive functions. Differences among ethnic groups in descriptions of cognitive health and cognitive impairment underscore the need to tailor public health messages about cognitive health to ways that people construe its loss, and to their interest in maintaining it, so that messages and terms used are familiar, understandable and relevant to the groups for which they are designed. Health promotion efforts should develop ethnically sensitive ways to address the widely held misperception that even serious cognitive impairment is a normal characteristic of ageing and also to address stigma associated with cognitive impairment. C1 [Laditka, Sarah B.; Laditka, James N.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Liu, Rui] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Price, Anna E.] Sacred Heart Univ, Dept Phys Therapy & Human Movement Sci, Fairfield, CT USA. [Friedman, Daniela B.; Corwin, Sara J.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Hlth Promot Educ & Behav, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Wu, Bei] Duke Univ, Sch Nursing, Durham, NC USA. [Bryant, Lucinda L.] Univ Colorado Denver, Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community & Behav Hlth, Aurora, CO USA. [Ivey, Susan L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Community Hlth & Human Dev, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Laditka, SB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM sladitka@uncc.edu NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 36 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0144-686X EI 1469-1779 J9 AGEING SOC JI Ageing Soc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 33 BP 369 EP 392 DI 10.1017/S0144686X11001255 PN 3 PG 24 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 091XP UT WOS:000315083400001 ER PT J AU Ward-Caviness, C Neas, L Haynes, C Blachi, C Cascio, W Devlin, R Diaz-Sanchez, D Kraus, WE Shah, SH Miranda, ML Hauser, ER AF Ward-Caviness, Cavin Neas, Lucas Haynes, Carol Blachi, Colette Cascio, Wayne Devlin, Robert Diaz-Sanchez, David Kraus, William E. Shah, Svati H. Miranda, Marie Lynn Hauser, Elizabeth R. TI Mobile Source Air Pollution is Associated with the Plasma Concentration of Multiple Acylcarnitines in a Large Cardiovascular Cohort SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Scientific Sessions of the American-Heart-Association on Epidemiology and Prevention/Physical Activity, Nutrition and Metabolism CY MAR 19-22, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc DE Metabolism; Heart catheterization C1 [Ward-Caviness, Cavin; Haynes, Carol; Blachi, Colette; Kraus, William E.; Shah, Svati H.; Hauser, Elizabeth R.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Neas, Lucas; Cascio, Wayne; Devlin, Robert; Diaz-Sanchez, David] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Miranda, Marie Lynn] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 EI 1524-4539 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 26 PY 2013 VL 127 IS 12 SU S MA P182 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 302HW UT WOS:000330596100313 ER PT J AU Vaddula, BR Varma, RS Leazer, J AF Vaddula, Buchi Reddy Varma, Rajender S. Leazer, John TI Mixing with microwaves: solvent-free and catalyst-free synthesis of pyrazoles and diazepines SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE 1,3-Diketones; Aryl hydrazines; Aryl hydrazides; Catalyst-free; Condensation ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS; EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS; REUSABLE CATALYST; DERIVATIVES; HETEROCYCLES; ENAMINONES; ACID AB A simple and facile condensation of hydrazines/hydrazides and diamines with 1,3-diketones/beta-ketoester leads to the preparation of pyrazoles and diazepines in high yields. This eco-friendly protocol is accelerated by microwave heating and efficiently carried out without any reaction solvent or catalyst in as little as 5 min. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Vaddula, Buchi Reddy; Varma, Rajender S.; Leazer, John] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Research and Development; EPA FX B.R.V. was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the EPA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2013 VL 54 IS 12 BP 1538 EP 1541 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.01.029 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 098HO UT WOS:000315540200010 ER PT J AU Lee, SD Calfee, MW Mickelsen, L Wolfe, S Griffin, J Clayton, M Griffin-Gatchalian, N Touati, A AF Lee, Sang Don Calfee, M. Worth Mickelsen, Leroy Wolfe, Stephen Griffin, Jayson Clayton, Matt Griffin-Gatchalian, Nicole Touati, Abderrahmane TI Evaluation of Surface Sampling for Bacillus Spores Using Commercially Available Cleaning Robots SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTHRACIS SPORES; NONPOROUS SURFACES; RECOVERY EFFICIENCY; COLLECTION METHOD; DECONTAMINATION; FRAMEWORK; ATTACK AB Five commercially available domestic cleaning robots were evaluated on their effectiveness for sampling aerosol-deposited Bacillus atrophaeus spores on different indoor material surfaces. The five robots tested include three vacuum types (R1, R2, and R3), one wet wipe (R4), and one wet vacuum (R5). Tests were conducted on two different surface types (carpet and laminate) with 10(6) colony forming units of B. atrophaeus spores deposited per coupon (35.5 cm X35.5 cm). Spores were deposited on the center surface (30.5 X 30.5 cm) of the coupon's total surface area (71.5 X 71.5 cm), and the surfaces were sampled with an individual robot in an isolation chamber. Chamber air was sampled using a biofilter sampler to determine the potential for resuspension of spores during sampling. Robot test results were compared to currently used surface sampling methods (vacuum sock for carpet and sponge wipe for laminate). The test results showed that the average sampling efficacies for R1, R2, and R3 on carpet were 26, 162, and 92% of vacuum sock sampling efficacy, respectively. On laminate, R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 average sampling efficacies were 8, 11, 2, 62, and 32% of sponge wipe sampling efficacy, respectively. We conclude that some robotic cleaners were as efficacious as the currently used surface sampling methods for B. atrophaeus spores on these surfaces. C1 [Lee, Sang Don; Calfee, M. Worth] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mickelsen, Leroy; Griffin, Jayson] US EPA, Off Emergency Management, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wolfe, Stephen] US EPA, Westlake, OH USA. [Clayton, Matt; Griffin-Gatchalian, Nicole; Touati, Abderrahmane] ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Lee, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lee.sangdon@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through Office of Research and Development, completed the research described here under ARCADIS GM [EP-C-09-027]; Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate [RW-70-95812401] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, completed the research described here under ARCADIS G&M contract No. EP-C-09-027. This study was funded through the Wide Area Recovery and Resiliency Program by the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate under interagency agreement (No. RW-70-95812401). We acknowledge Chris Russell and Lori Miller for their support of this work. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2595 EP 2601 DI 10.1021/es4000356 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 112LP UT WOS:000316594000022 PM 23431954 ER PT J AU Pancras, JP Landis, MS Norris, GA Vedantham, R Dvonch, JT AF Pancras, Joseph Patrick Landis, Matthew S. Norris, Gary A. Vedantham, Ram Dvonch, J. Timothy TI Source apportionment of ambient fine particulate matter in Dearborn, Michigan, using hourly resolved PM chemical composition data SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sulfate; Nitrate; PM2.5; Source apportionment; Unmix; PMF ID MERCURY; AEROSOL; PM2.5; AIR; TIME; CONSTITUENTS; RESOLUTION; PARTICLES; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION AB High time-resolution aerosol sampling was conducted for one month during July-August 2007 in Dearborn, MI, a non-attainment area for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Measurements of more than 30 PM2.5 species were made using a suite of semi-continuous sampling and monitoring instruments. Dynamic variations in the sub-hourly concentrations of source 'marker' elements were observed when discrete plumes from local sources impacted the sampling site. Hourly averaged PM2.5 composition data for 639 samples were used to identify and apportion PM2.5 emission sources using the multivariate receptor modeling techniques EPA Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) v4.2 and EPA Unmix v6.0. Source contribution estimates from PMF and Unmix were then evaluated using the Sustained Wind Instance Method (SWIM), which identified plausible source origins. Ten sources were identified by both PMF and Unmix: (1) secondary sulfate, (2) secondary nitrate characterized by a significant diurnal trend, (3) iron and steel production, (4) a potassium-rich factor attributable to iron/steel slag waste processing, (5) a cadmium-rich factor attributable to incineration, (6) an oil refinery characterized by La/Ce>1 specific to south wind, (7) oil combustion, (8) coal combustion, (9) motor vehicles, and (10) road dust enriched with organic carbon. While both models apportioned secondary sulfate, oil refinery, and oil combustion PM2.5 masses closely, the mobile and industrial source apportionments differed. Analyses were also carried out to help infer time-of-day variations in the contributions of local sources. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pancras, Joseph Patrick] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Landis, Matthew S.; Norris, Gary A.; Vedantham, Ram] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dvonch, J. Timothy] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Landis, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM landis.matthew@epa.gov RI Dvonch, Joseph/K-3632-2013; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-10-070, RD83479701]; Alion Science and Technology; University of Michigan Air Quality Laboratory FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development funded, managed, and participated in the research described here under (i) contract EP-D-10-070 with Alion Science and Technology, and (ii) contract RD83479701 with the University of Michigan Air Quality Laboratory. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of EPA. It has been subjected to EPA Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 41 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 15 U2 91 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 448 SI SI BP 2 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.083 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133IS UT WOS:000318132700002 PM 23302684 ER PT J AU Vette, A Burke, J Norris, G Landis, M Batterman, S Breen, M Isakov, V Lewis, T Gilmour, MI Kamal, A Hammond, D Vedantham, R Bereznicki, S Tian, N Croghan, C AF Vette, Alan Burke, Janet Norris, Gary Landis, Matthew Batterman, Stuart Breen, Michael Isakov, Vlad Lewis, Toby Gilmour, M. Ian Kamal, Ali Hammond, Davyda Vedantham, Ram Bereznicki, Sarah Tian, Nancy Croghan, Carry CA Community Action Against Asthma St TI The Near-Road Exposures and Effects of Urban Air Pollutants Study (NEXUS): Study design and methods SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Traffic air pollution; Human exposure; Indoor air; Source-receptor relationships; Asthmatic children; Respiratory outcomes ID INDUSTRIAL SOURCE APPLICATIONS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; LOS-ANGELES; MAJOR HIGHWAY; PARTICULATE MATTER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DISPERSION MODEL; BIRTH OUTCOMES; NORTH-CAROLINA AB The Near-Road Exposures and Effects of Urban Air Pollutants Study (NEXUS) was designed to examine the relationship between near-roadway exposures to air pollutants and respiratory outcomes in a cohort of asthmatic children who live close to major roadways in Detroit, Michigan USA From September 2010 to December 2012 a total of 139 children with asthma, ages 6-14, were enrolled in the study on the basis of the proximity of their home to major roadways that carried different amounts of diesel traffic. The goal of the study was to investigate the effects of traffic-associated exposures on adverse respiratory outcomes, biomolecular markers of inflammatory and oxidative stress, and how these exposures affect the frequency and severity of respiratory viral infections in a cohort of children with asthma. An integrated measurement and modeling approach was used to quantitatively estimate the contribution of traffic sources to near-roadway air pollution and evaluate predictive models for assessing the impact of near-roadway pollution on children's exposures. Two intensive field campaigns were conducted in Fall 2010 and Spring 2011 to measure a suite of air pollutants including PM2.5 mass and composition, oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2), carbon monoxide, and black carbon indoors and outdoors of 25 participants' homes, at two area schools, and along a spatial transect adjacent to 1-96, a major highway in Detroit. These data were used to evaluate and refine models to estimate air quality and exposures for each child on a daily basis for the health analyses. The study design and methods are described, and selected measurement results from the Fall 2010 field intensive are presented to illustrate the design and successful implementation of the study. These data provide evidence of roadway impacts and exposure variability between study participants that will be further explored for associations with the health measures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vette, Alan; Burke, Janet; Norris, Gary; Landis, Matthew; Breen, Michael; Isakov, Vlad; Kamal, Ali; Hammond, Davyda; Vedantham, Ram; Bereznicki, Sarah; Tian, Nancy; Croghan, Carry] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Batterman, Stuart] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gilmour, M. Ian] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lewis, Toby] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Vette, A (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM vette.alan@epa.gov RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014; OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X; Batterman, Stuart/0000-0001-9894-5325 FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [R834117, EP-D-10-070]; NIEHS [5-R01-ESO14677-02, R01 ES016769-01] FX Community Action Against Asthma (CAAA) is a community-based participatory research partnership that consists of the following organizations: Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services, Community Health and Social Services Center Inc., Detroit Hispanic Development Corporation, Detroiters Working for Environmental Justice, Friends of Parkside, Detroit Department of Health and Wellness Promotion, Latino Family Services, Southwest Detroit Environmental Vision, Warren/Conner Development Corporation, the University of Michigan School of Medicine, the University of Michigan School of Public Health and an independent community activist. CAAA is an affiliated project of the Detroit Community-Academic Urban Research Center. We thank David Olson, Bob Willis, Todd Krantz, Fu-Lin Chen, Steve Perry, Dave Heist, Steve McDow, Rachelle Duvall, Sania Tong-Argao, Don Whitaker and Monica Nees (US EPA) for their assistance in the development of the study objectives, quality assurance and field implementation; Mike Wheeler and Keith Kronmiller (Alion) for development and preparation of sampling equipment; Karen Oliver, Tamira Cousett, Fred Blanchard and Herb Jacumin (Alion), Brad Edgerton and Karsten Baumann (ARA) for preparation of sampling media; Cortina Johnson, Jon Thornburg, Will Lake, Randy Newsome, Andrew Dart and Jeff Portzer (RTI International) for overseeing a majority of the field preparation and data collection at the participant's homes; and Laprisha Berry Vaughn, Sonya Grant and other staff at the University of Michigan for study coordination and liaison with participants. We are very grateful to the NEXUS participants and their families who assisted us with the collection of these data. We would also like to thank Ellen Snedeker and Alora Comer-Maxwell for their support and access to the schools. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded the research described here under cooperative agreement R834117 (University of Michigan) and contract EP-D-10-070 (Alion Science and Technology). It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. The study was conducted as part of NIEHS grants 5-R01-ESO14677-02 and R01 ES016769-01. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 56 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 448 SI SI BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.072 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133IS UT WOS:000318132700005 PM 23149275 ER PT J AU White, EM Landis, MS Keeler, GJ Barres, JA AF White, Emily M. Landis, Matthew S. Keeler, Gerald J. Barres, James A. TI Investigation of mercury wet deposition physicochemistry in the Ohio River Valley through automated sequential sampling SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric mercury; Local source impact; Mercury scavenging coefficient ID REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; UNITED-STATES; POWER-PLANT; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; EVENT PRECIPITATION; LAKE MICHIGAN; EASTERN OHIO; AMBIENT AIR; NEW-YORK AB Intra-storm variability and soluble fractionation was explored for summer-time rain events in Steubenville, Ohio to evaluate the physical processes controlling mercury (Hg) in wet deposition in this industrialized region. Comprehensive precipitation sample collection was conducted from July through September 2006 using three different methods to evaluate both soluble and insoluble fractions as well as scavenging and washout properties of Hg and a suite of trace elements. Real-time filtration of event total precipitation revealed that 61 +/- 17% (mean +/- standard deviation) of Hg in wet deposition was in a soluble form. Comparison of total and dissolved element concentrations (solubility fractionation) showed the following order of decreasing solubility: S > Na > Se > Ca > Mg > Hg > As > Mn > V > Cr > Fe > La approximate to Ce ranging from 95% (5) to 4% (Ce). To examine removal mechanisms occurring during the course of a precipitation event, discrete, sequential sub-event precipitation samples were collected. Results indicated that Hg had lower "scavenging coefficients" (the rate of Hg concentration decrease throughout the events) than the majority of elements analyzed, indicating that either (i) Hg is incorporated into rain via gas phase inclusion or particulate nucleation within cloud, or (ii) Hg is available in the boundary layer for scavenging, even in the latter stages of precipitation. The Hg scavenging coefficient (-0.39) was low compared to S (-0.73), a co-pollutant of Hg. When compared to an upwind, regionally representative site, the scavenging coefficient of Hg for the locally influenced precipitation was 25% lower. This observation suggests that a continuous feed of soluble Hg was the reason for the low scavenging coefficient. Overall, this investigation of Hg wet deposition in Steubenville indicates that the physical and chemical properties of Hg emissions are driving the elevated deposition rates observed near point sources. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [White, Emily M.; Landis, Matthew S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Keeler, Gerald J.; Barres, James A.] Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Landis, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM landis.matthew@epa.gov RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development [R-82971601-0]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Student Services [EP07D000572] FX This work has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development through cooperative agreement R-82971601-0, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Student Services Contract EP07D000572. It has been subjected to internal Agency review and accepted for publication. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. We thank Ali Kamal and Brie Van Dam (formally of UMAQL) for managing laboratory support operations and assisting with sample collection, and Dr. James Slater (Franciscan University) for on-site logistical support. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 448 SI SI BP 107 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.046 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133IS UT WOS:000318132700013 PM 23375868 ER PT J AU Graney, JR Landis, MS AF Graney, Joseph R. Landis, Matthew S. TI Coupling meteorology, metal concentrations, and Pb isotopes for source attribution in archived precipitation samples SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Lead isotopes; Metal sources; Smelters; Precipitation; Toxic release inventory ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; ATMOSPHERIC HEAVY-METALS; LEAD ISOTOPES; UNITED-STATES; TRACE-METALS; DEPOSITION BUDGETS; SOUTHEAST MISSOURI; EPIPHYTIC LICHENS; WET DEPOSITION; EASTERN CANADA AB A technique that couples lead (Pb) isotopes and multi-element concentrations with meteorological analysis was used to assess source contributions to precipitation samples at the Bondville, Illinois USA National Trends Network (NTN) site. Precipitation samples collected over a 16 month period (July 1994-October 1995) at Bondville were parsed into six unique meteorological flow regimes using a minimum variance clustering technique on back trajectory endpoints. Pb isotope ratios and multi-element concentrations were measured using high resolution inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) on the archived precipitation samples. Bondville is located in central Illinois, similar to 250 km downwind from smelters in southeast Missouri The Mississippi Valley Type ore deposits in Missouri provided a unique multi-element and Pb isotope fingerprint for smelter emissions which could be contrasted to industrial emissions from the Chicago and Indianapolis urban areas (similar to 125 km north and east, of Bondville respectively) and regional emissions from electric utility facilities. Differences in Pb isotopes and element concentrations in precipitation corresponded to flow regime. Industrial sources from urban areas, and thorogenic Pb from coal use, could be differentiated from smelter emissions from Missouri by coupling Pb isotopes with variations in element ratios and relative mass factors. Using a three endmember mixing model based on Pb isotope ratio differences, industrial processes in urban airsheds contributed 56 +/- 19%, smelters in southeast Missouri 26 +/- 13%, and coal combustion 18 +/- 7%, of the Pb in precipitation collected in Bondville in the mid-1990s. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Graney, Joseph R.] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Landis, Matthew S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Graney, JR (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, POB 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM jgraney@binghamton.edu RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [HQ5340506N]; Research Foundation of the State of New York at Binghamton University FX This work is dedicated in memory of Dr. Gerald J. Keeler who was instrumental in the career development of the authors. His scientific integrity, mentorship skills, sense of humor, and friendship will not be forgotten. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded the research described here under Interagency Agreement HQ5340506N with the Research Foundation of the State of New York at Binghamton University. It has been subjected to EPA agency review and approved for publication. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Two anonymous reviewers provided suggestions that significantly improved the manuscript NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 448 SI SI BP 141 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.031 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133IS UT WOS:000318132700016 PM 22901426 ER PT J AU Cooter, EJ Rea, A Bruins, R Schwede, D Dennis, R AF Cooter, Ellen J. Rea, Anne Bruins, Randy Schwede, Donna Dennis, Robin TI The role of the atmosphere in the provision of ecosystem services SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem services; CMAQ; Quantification of air-ecosystem services; Air quality modeling; Clean air services ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN; EMISSIONS; OZONE AB Solving the environmental problems that we are facing today requires holistic approaches to analysis and decision making that include social and economic aspects. The concept of ecosystem services, defined as the benefits people obtain from ecosystems, is one potential tool to perform such assessments. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the need for an integrated approach that explicitly includes the contribution of atmospheric processes and functions to the quantification of air-ecosystem services. First, final and intermediate air-ecosystem services are defined. Next, an ecological production function for clean and clear air is described, and its numerical counterpart (the Community Multiscale Air Quality model) is introduced. An illustrative numerical example is developed that simulates potential changes in air-ecosystem services associated with the conversion of evergreen forest land in Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia to commercial crop land. This one-atmosphere approach captures a broad range of service increases and decreases. Results for the forest to cropland conversion scenario suggest that although such change could lead to increased biomass (food) production services, there could also be coincident, seasonally variable decreases in clean and clear air-ecosystem services (i.e., increased levels of ozone and particulate matter) associated with increased fertilizer application. Metrics that support the quantification of these regional air-ecosystem changes require regional ecosystem production functions that fully integrate biotic as well as abiotic components of terrestrial ecosystems, and do so on finer temporal scales than are used for the assessment of most ecosystem services. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cooter, Ellen J.; Rea, Anne; Schwede, Donna; Dennis, Robin] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Bruins, Randy] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Cooter, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mail Drop E-243-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM Cooter.ellen@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA [GS-35F-4381G Task Order 1522] FX We dedicate this manuscript to the memory of Jerry Keeler, whose guidance and example taught many to go beyond their own expectations, to "think about things properly," and to push the limits of current scientific perspectives with multi-media and multi-pollutant approaches to solve environmental problems. The authors wish to thank Charles Chang, Lara Reynolds and Kathy Breheme of Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC) for their assistance in setting up and execution of the WRF and CMAQ simulations under U.S. EPA contract GS-35F-4381G Task Order 1522. We would like to acknowledge the helpful reviews, suggestions, and comments from two anonymous external peer reviewers. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication, but may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 448 SI SI BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.077 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133IS UT WOS:000318132700021 PM 22921509 ER PT J AU Yassine, MH Suidan, MT Venosa, AD AF Yassine, Mohamad H. Suidan, Makram T. Venosa, Albert D. TI Microbial kinetic model for the degradation of poorly soluble organic materials SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biodegradation; Monod kinetics; Poorly soluble organics; Biodiesel; Petrodiesel ID NAPL-POOL DISSOLUTION; 2 LIQUID PHASES; MASS-TRANSFER; N-ALKANES; FATTY-ACIDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DISPERSED PHASE; SLURRY SYSTEMS; GROWTH MODELS; PAH COMPOUNDS AB A novel mechanistic model is presented that describes the aerobic biodegradation kinetics of soybean biodiesel and petroleum diesel in batch experiments. The model was built on the assumptions that biodegradation takes place in the aqueous phase according to Monod kinetics, and that the substrate dissolution kinetics at the oil/water interface is intrinsically fast compared to biodegradation kinetics. Further, due to the very low aqueous solubility of these compounds, the change in the substrate aqueous-phase concentration over time was assumed to approaches zero, and that substrate aqueous concentration remains close to the saturation level while the non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) is still significant. No former knowledge of the saturation substrate concentration (S-sat) and the Monod half-saturation constant (K-s) was required, as the term S-sat/(K-s + S-sat) in the Monod equation remained constant during this phase. The n-alkanes C10-C24 of petroleum diesel were all utilized at a relatively constant actual specific utilization rate of 0.01-0.02 mg-alkane/mg-biomass-hr, while the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) of biodiesel were utilized at actual specific rates significantly higher with increasing carbon chain length and lower with increasing number of double bonds. The results were found to be in agreement with kinetic, genetic, and metabolic evidence reported in the literature pertaining to microbial decay rates, uptake mechanisms, and the metabolic pathway by which these compounds are assimilated into microorganisms. The presented model can be applied, without major modifications, to estimate meaningful kinetic parameters from batch experiments, as well as near source zone field application. We suggest the estimated actual microbial specific utilization rate (kC) of such materials to be a better measure of the degradation rate when compared to the maximum specific utilization rate (k), which might be orders of magnitude higher than kC and might never be observed in reality. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yassine, Mohamad H.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn Program, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Suidan, Makram T.] Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Engn & Architecture, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon. [Venosa, Albert D.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Engn & Architecture, POB 11-0236, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon. EM msuidan@aub.edu.lb RI Yassine, Mohamad/C-1782-2016 OI Yassine, Mohamad/0000-0002-6813-4799 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Oil Spill Research Program [EP-C-11-006] FX Funding of this research was made possible through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Oil Spill Research Program managed by the Land Remediation and Pollution Control Division of the National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, under Contract No. EP-C-11-006, Work Assignment 1-19. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 73 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1585 EP 1595 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 104FJ UT WOS:000315977000008 PM 23340014 ER PT J AU Chiu, CA Hristovski, K Huling, S Westerhoff, P AF Chiu, Chao-An Hristovski, Kiril Huling, Scott Westerhoff, Paul TI In-situ regeneration of saturated granular activated carbon by an iron oxide nanocatalyst SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fenton-like; Iron nanocatalysts; In-situ regeneration ID ORGANIC AQUEOUS OXIDATION; THERMAL REGENERATION; FENTONS REAGENT; SPENT GAC; PHENOL; ADSORPTION; WATER; CATALYSTS; MTBE; MINERALIZATION AB Granular activated carbon (GAC) can remove trace organic pollutants and natural organic matter (NOM) from industrial and municipal waters. This paper evaluates an iron nanocatalyst approach, based on Fenton-like oxidation reactions, to regenerate spent GAC within a packed bed configuration after saturation by organic compounds. Specifically, we focus on regenerating GAC packed beds equilibrated with varying influent concentrations of phenol, a model organic compound. Iron nanocatalysts were synthesized using ferric chloride, a chemical already used as a coagulant at municipal WTPs, and reacted with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for the purpose of in-situ regeneration. Up to 95% of phenol adsorption capacity was regenerated for GAC equilibrated with 1000 mg/L of phenol. Using this technique, at least four adsorption regeneration cycles can be performed sequentially for the same batch of GAC with fresh iron nanocatalysts while achieving a regeneration efficiency of 90 +/- 5% between each loading. Moreover, the iron nanocatalyst can be recovered and reused multiple times. Lower initial adsorbate concentrations (10-500 mg/L) resulted in a slightly lower saturated adsorbent-phase concentration of phenol and lower regeneration efficiencies (72 +/- 5%). Additionally, this catalytic in-situ regeneration was applied to GAC saturated by NOM. A slightly lower regeneration efficiency (60%) was observed for the Suwannee River NOM adsorption capacity of GAC. The next step is validation in a pilot-scale test that applies this regeneration technique to a GAC adsorber employed in NOM removal. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved: C1 [Chiu, Chao-An; Westerhoff, Paul] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hristovski, Kiril] Arizona State Univ, Coll Technol & Innovat, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Huling, Scott] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Chiu, CA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, 501 E Tyler Mall,ECG 252, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM cchiu8@asu.edu FU Central Arizona Project; Cities of Tempe, Peoria, Glendale, Chandler, and Phoenix; NSF/IUCRC of the Water & Environmental Technology Center at ASU FX This work was supported by Central Arizona Project and the Cities of Tempe, Peoria, Glendale, Chandler, and Phoenix for the Regional Water Quality Project. Support from the NSF/IUCRC of the Water & Environmental Technology Center at ASU is also greatly appreciated. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 109 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1596 EP 1603 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.021 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 104FJ UT WOS:000315977000009 PM 23298638 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Stehman, SV Gass, L Dewitz, J Fry, JA Wade, TG AF Wickham, James D. Stehman, Stephen V. Gass, Leila Dewitz, Jon Fry, Joyce A. Wade, Timothy G. TI Accuracy assessment of NLCD 2006 land cover and impervious surface SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Impervious surface accuracy assessment; Forest loss; Land-cover change accuracy assessment; MRLC; Stratified sampling; Urbanization; United States ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; VALIDATION DATA SET; THEMATIC ACCURACY; ERROR MATRIX; CLASSIFICATION; DATABASE; DESIGN; MAPS; COMPLETION; PRINCIPLES AB Release of NLCD 2006 provides the first wall-to-wall land-cover change database for the conterminous United States from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data. Accuracy assessment of NLCD 2006 focused on four primary products: 2001 land cover, 2006 land cover, land-cover change between 2001 and 2006, and impervious surface change between 2001 and 2006. The accuracy assessment was conducted by selecting a stratified random sample of pixels with the reference classification interpreted from multi-temporal high resolution digital imagery. The NLCD Level II (16 classes) overall accuracies for the 2001 and 2006 land cover were 79% and 78%, respectively, with Level II user's accuracies exceeding 80% for water, high density urban, all upland forest classes, shrubland, and cropland for both dates. Level I (8 classes) accuracies were 85% for NLCD 2001 and 84% for NLCD 2006. The high overall and user's accuracies for the individual dates translated into high user's accuracies for the 2001-2006 change reporting themes water gain and loss, forest loss, urban gain, and the no-change reporting themes for water, urban, forest and agriculture. The main factor limiting higher accuracies for the change reporting themes appeared to be difficulty in distinguishing the context of grass. We discuss the need for more research on land-cover change accuracy assessment Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Wickham, James D.; Wade, Timothy G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Stehman, Stephen V.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Gass, Leila] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Dewitz, Jon; Fry, Joyce A.] US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Mail Drop E243-05,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov OI Gass, Leila/0000-0002-3436-262X; Dewitz, Jon/0000-0002-0458-212X FU United States Geological Survey (USGS); United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development; USGS [G12AC20221] FX The United States Geological Survey (USGS) provided primary funding for this research. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Stehman was supported by Grant/Cooperative Agreement Number G12AC20221 from the USGS. Lori Baer, Jesse Ballew, Brett Bunde, Adam Case, Catherine Costello, Michelle Coffey, Allison Paraham, Rick Poss, Dan Sorenson, and Gail Winters of USGS collected the reference data. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions to improve the paper. Any use of trade, form, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 13 U2 123 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 130 BP 294 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.12.001 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 090VL UT WOS:000315008000024 ER PT J AU Vaidyanathan, A Dimmick, WF Kegler, SR Qualters, JR AF Vaidyanathan, Ambarish Dimmick, William Fred Kegler, Scott R. Qualters, Judith R. TI Statistical air quality predictions for public health surveillance: evaluation and generation of county level metrics of PM2.5 for the environmental public health tracking network SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE Particulate matter; Tracking Network; Hierarchical Bayesian; Air quality system; Geo-imputation ID POLLUTION; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; CITIES; CMAQ AB Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed county level metrics for the Environmental Public Health Tracking Network (Tracking Network) to characterize potential population exposure to airborne particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 mu m or less (PM2.5). These metrics are based on Federal Reference Method (FRM) air monitor data in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Air Quality System (AQS); however, monitor data are limited in space and time. In order to understand air quality in all areas and on days without monitor data, the CDC collaborated with the EPA in the development of hierarchical Bayesian (HB) based predictions of PM2.5 concentrations. This paper describes the generation and evaluation of HB-based county level estimates of PM2.5. Methods: We used three geo-imputation approaches to convert grid-level predictions to county level estimates. We used Pearson (r) and Kendall Tau-B (tau) correlation coefficients to assess the consistency of the relationship, and examined the direct differences (by county) between HB-based estimates and AQS-based concentrations at the daily level. We further compared the annual averages using Tukey mean-difference plots. Results: During the year 2005, fewer than 20% of the counties in the conterminous United States (U. S.) had PM2.5 monitoring and 32% of the conterminous U. S. population resided in counties with no AQS monitors. County level estimates resulting from population-weighted centroid containment approach were correlated more strongly with monitor-based concentrations (r = 0.9; tau = 0.8) than were estimates from other geo-imputation approaches. The median daily difference was -0.2 mu g/m(3) with an interquartile range (IQR) of 1.9 mu g/m(3) and the median relative daily difference was -2.2% with an IQR of 17.2%. Under-prediction was more prevalent at higher concentrations and for counties in the western U. S. Conclusions: While the relationship between county level HB-based estimates and AQS-based concentrations is generally good, there are clear variations in the strength of this relationship for different regions of the U. S. and at various concentrations of PM2.5. This evaluation suggests that population-weighted county centroid containment method is an appropriate geo-imputation approach, and using the HB-based PM2.5 estimates to augment gaps in AQS data provides a more spatially and temporally consistent basis for calculating the metrics deployed on the Tracking Network. C1 [Vaidyanathan, Ambarish; Qualters, Judith R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Dimmick, William Fred] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Kegler, Scott R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Vaidyanathan, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mail Stop F60 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Avaidyanathan@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 28 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-072X J9 INT J HEALTH GEOGR JI Int. J. Health Geogr. PD MAR 14 PY 2013 VL 12 AR 12 DI 10.1186/1476-072X-12-12 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 109KL UT WOS:000316366100001 PM 23497176 ER PT J AU Dodmane, PR Arnold, LL Pennington, KL Thomas, DJ Cohen, SM AF Dodmane, Puttappa R. Arnold, Lora L. Pennington, Karen L. Thomas, David J. Cohen, Samuel M. TI Effect of dietary treatment with dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)) on the urinary bladder epithelium of arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3mt) knockout and C57BL/6 wild type female mice SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Organic arsenicals; Urinary bladder; Cytotoxicity; Proliferation; Electron microscopy ID MALE F344 RATS; DRINKING-WATER; METHYLATED ARSENICALS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; CD1 MICE; CARCINOGENICITY; METABOLISM; TOXICITY; CANCER; EXCRETION AB Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) is carcinogenic to the human urinary bladder. It produces urothelial cytotoxicity and proliferation in rats and mice. DMA(V), a major methylated urinary metabolite of iAs, is a rat bladder carcinogen, but without effects on the mouse urothelium. DMA(III) was shown to be the likely urinary metabolite of DMA(V) inducing urothelial changes and is also postulated to be one of the active metabolites of iAs. To evaluate potential DMA(III)-induced urothelial effects, it was administered to As3mt knockout mice which cannot methylate arsenicals. Female C57BL/6 wild type and As3mt knockout mice (10/group) were administered DMA(III), 77.3 ppm in water for four weeks. Urothelial effects were evaluated by light and scanning electron microscopy (EM) and immunohistochemical detection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. EM findings were rated 1-5, with higher rating indicating greater extent of cytotoxicity visualized. DMA(III) significantly increased the BrdU labeling index, a ratio of BrdU labeled cells to non-labeled cells, in the treated knockout group compared to control and wild type treated groups. DMA(III) induced simple hyperplasia in more knockout mice (4/10) compared to wild type mice (2/10). All treated knockout mice had more and larger intracytoplasmic granules compared to the treated wild type mice. Changes in EM classification were not significant. In conclusion, DMA(III) induces urothelial toxicity and regenerative hyperplasia in mice and most likely plays a role in inorganic arsenic-induced urothelial changes. However, DMA(V) does not induce hyperplasia in mice, suggesting that urinary concentrations of DMA(V) do not reach cytotoxic levels in DMA(V)-treated mice. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dodmane, Puttappa R.; Arnold, Lora L.; Pennington, Karen L.; Cohen, Samuel M.] Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Cohen, SM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM pdodmane@unmc.edu; llarnold@unmc.edu; kpenning@unmc.edu; thomas.david@epa.gov; scohen@unmc.edu OI Dodmane, Puttappa/0000-0001-9953-3226; Dodmane, Puttappa/0000-0003-0477-2887 FU Inorganic Arsenic Coalition FX This research was partially supported by a grant from the Inorganic Arsenic Coalition. This manuscript has been reviewed in accordance with the policy of the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAR 8 PY 2013 VL 305 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2013.01.015 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 113DV UT WOS:000316647600014 PM 23376817 ER PT J AU Knaack, JS Zhou, YT Magnuson, M Silvestri, E Johnson, RC AF Knaack, Jennifer S. Zhou, Yingtao Magnuson, Matthew Silvestri, Erin Johnson, Rudolph C. TI Performance of a Novel High Throughput Method for the Determination of VX in Drinking Water Samples SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; NERVE AGENT; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; RETROSPECTIVE DETECTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXPOSURE; SARIN; BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE AB VX (O-ethyl-S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothioate) is a highly toxic organophosphorus nerve agent, and even low levels of contamination in water can be harmful. Measurement of low concentrations of VX in aqueous matrixes is possible using an immunomagnetic scavenging technique and detection using liquid chromatography/tandem-mass spectrometry. Performance of the method was characterized in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade water preserved with sodium omadine, an antimicrobial agent, and sodium thiosulfate, a dechlorinating agent, over eight analytical batches with quality control samples analyzed over 10 days. The minimum reportable level was 25 ng/L with a linear dynamic range up to 4.0 mu g/L. The mean accuracies for two quality control samples containing VX at concentrations of 0.250 and 2.00 mu g/L were 102 +/- 3% and 103 +/- 6%, respectively. The stability of VX was determined in five tap water samples representing a range of water quality parameters and disinfection practices over a 91 day period. In preserved tap water samples, VX recovery was between 81 and 92% of the fortified amount, 2.0 mu g/L, when analyzed immediately after preparation. Recovery of VX decreased to between 31 and 45% of the fortified amount after 91 days, indicating hydrolysis of VX. However, the preservatives minimized the hydrolysis rate to close to the theoretical limit. The ability to detect low concentrations of VX in preserved tap water 91 days after spiking suggests applicability of this method for determining water contamination with VX and utility during environmental remediation. C1 [Knaack, Jennifer S.; Zhou, Yingtao; Johnson, Rudolph C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. [Magnuson, Matthew; Silvestri, Erin] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F44, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM RJohnson6@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 5 PY 2013 VL 85 IS 5 BP 2611 EP 2616 DI 10.1021/ac3036102 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 118NG UT WOS:000317031600011 PM 23402290 ER PT J AU Simon, H Baker, KR Akhtar, F Napelenok, SL Possiel, N Wells, B Timin, B AF Simon, Heather Baker, Kirk R. Akhtar, Farhan Napelenok, Sergey L. Possiel, Norm Wells, Benjamin Timin, Brian TI A Direct Sensitivity Approach to Predict Hourly Ozone Resulting from Compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standard SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; MINNEAPOLIS ST-PAUL; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; MORTALITY; POLLUTION; ASSOCIATION; EMERGENCY; VISITS; ASTHMA; RISK AB In setting primary ambient air quality standards, the EPA's responsibility under the law is to establish standards that protect public health. As part of the current review of the ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), the US EPA evaluated the health exposure and risks associated with ambient ozone pollution using a statistical approach to adjust recent air quality to simulate just meeting the current standard level, without specifying emission control strategies. One drawback of this purely statistical concentration rollback approach is that it does not take into account spatial and temporal heterogeneity of ozone response to emissions changes. The application of the higher-order decoupled direct method (HDDM) in the community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model is discussed here to provide an example of a methodology that could incorporate this variability into the risk assessment analyses. Because this approach includes a full representation of the chemical production and physical transport of ozone in the atmosphere, it does not require assumed background concentrations, which have been applied to constrain estimates from past statistical techniques. The CMAQ-HDDM adjustment approach is extended to measured ozone concentrations by determining typical sensitivities at each monitor location and hour of the day based on a linear relationship between first-order sensitivities and hourly ozone values. This approach is demonstrated by modeling ozone responses for monitor locations in Detroit and Charlotte to domain-wide reductions in anthropogenic NOx and VOCs emissions. As seen in previous studies, ozone response calculated using HDDM compared well to brute-force emissions changes up to approximately a 50% reduction in emissions. A new stepwise approach is developed here to apply this method to emissions reductions beyond 50% allowing for the simulation of more stringent reductions in ozone concentrations. Compared to previous rollback methods, this application of modeled sensitivities to ambient ozone concentrations provides a more realistic spatial response of ozone concentrations at monitors inside and outside the urban core and at hours of both high and low ozone concentrations. C1 [Simon, Heather; Baker, Kirk R.; Akhtar, Farhan; Possiel, Norm; Wells, Benjamin; Timin, Brian] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Napelenok, Sergey L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Simon, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM simon.heather@epa.gov RI Napelenok, Sergey/I-7986-2014; simon, heather/E-4392-2011 OI Napelenok, Sergey/0000-0002-7038-7445; simon, heather/0000-0001-7254-3360 NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 5 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 5 BP 2304 EP 2313 DI 10.1021/es303674e PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 102KT UT WOS:000315844200022 PM 23256562 ER PT J AU Leet, JK Lee, LS Gall, HE Goforth, RR Sassman, S Gordon, DA Lazorchak, JM Smith, ME Jafvert, CT Sepulveda, MS AF Leet, Jessica K. Lee, Linda S. Gall, Heather E. Goforth, Reuben R. Sassman, Stephen Gordon, Denise A. Lazorchak, James M. Smith, Mark E. Jafvert, Chad T. Sepulveda, Maria S. TI Assessing Impacts of Land-Applied Manure from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations on Fish Populations and Communities (vol 46, pg 13440, 2012) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Leet, Jessica K.; Goforth, Reuben R.; Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lee, Linda S.; Sassman, Stephen] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gall, Heather E.; Jafvert, Chad T.; Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gordon, Denise A.; Lazorchak, James M.; Smith, Mark E.] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mssepulv@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014; Goforth, Reuben/B-1646-2010 OI Goforth, Reuben/0000-0001-6891-3146 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 5 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 5 BP 2431 EP 2431 DI 10.1021/es400679z PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 102KT UT WOS:000315844200038 ER PT J AU Peterson, EJR Kireev, D Moon, AF Midon, M Janzen, WP Pingoud, A Pedersen, LC Singleton, SF AF Peterson, Eliza J. R. Kireev, Dmitri Moon, Andrea F. Midon, Marika Janzen, William P. Pingoud, Alfred Pedersen, Lars C. Singleton, Scott F. TI Inhibitors of Streptococcus pneumoniae Surface Endonuclease EndA Discovered by High-Throughput Screening Using a PicoGreen Fluorescence Assay SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; EndA; endonuclease; virulence factor; high-throughput screening (HTS); PicoGreen ID NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; DIPLOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; PROMISCUOUS INHIBITORS; NUCLEASE; ESCAPE; DNA; DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE; EXPRESSION; MECHANISM AB The human commensal pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae expresses a number of virulence factors that promote serious pneumococcal diseases, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. These virulence factors may give S. pneumoniae the capacity to escape immune defenses, resist antimicrobial agents, or a combination of both. Virulence factors also present possible points of therapeutic intervention. The activities of the surface endonuclease, EndA, allow S. pneumoniae to establish invasive pneumococcal infection. EndA's role in DNA uptake during transformation contributes to gene transfer and genetic diversification. Moreover, EndA's nuclease activity degrades the DNA backbone of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), allowing pneumococcus to escape host immune responses. Given its potential impact on pneumococcal pathogenicity, EndA is an attractive target for novel antimicrobial therapy. Herein, we describe the development of a high-throughput screening assay for the discovery of nuclease inhibitors. Nuclease-mediated digestion of double-stranded DNA was assessed using fluorescence changes of the DNA dye ligand, PicoGreen. Under optimized conditions, the assay provided robust and reproducible activity data (Z'= 0.87) and was used to screen 4727 small molecules against an imidazole-rescued variant of EndA. In total, six small molecules were confirmed as novel EndA inhibitors, some of which may have utility as research tools for understanding pneumococcal pathogenesis and for drug discovery. C1 [Peterson, Eliza J. R.; Singleton, Scott F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Kireev, Dmitri; Janzen, William P.; Singleton, Scott F.] Univ N Carolina, UNC Eshelman Sch Pharm, Div Chem Biol & Med Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Moon, Andrea F.; Pedersen, Lars C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Midon, Marika; Pingoud, Alfred] Univ Giessen, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. RP Singleton, SF (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, UNC Eshelman Sch Pharm, Div Chem Biol & Med Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM scott_singleton@unc.edu FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [GM058114]; Division of Intramural Research of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1 ZIA ES102645-03]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Center for Research Resources; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences [UL1TR000083] FX The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, including a grant to S. F. S. from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (grant number GM058114), a grant to L. C. P. from the Division of Intramural Research of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grant number 1 ZIA ES102645-03), a grant (ECCPS) to M. M. from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and support from the National Center for Research Resources and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (grant number UL1TR000083). NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 24 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1087-0571 EI 1552-454X J9 J BIOMOL SCREEN JI J. Biomol. Screen PD MAR PY 2013 VL 18 IS 3 BP 247 EP 257 DI 10.1177/1087057112461153 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA 087OM UT WOS:000314771500002 PM 23015019 ER PT J AU Duncan, OJ Tollner, EW Ssegane, H McCutcheon, SC AF Duncan, O. J. Tollner, E. W. Ssegane, H. McCutcheon, S. C. TI CURVE NUMBER APPROACHES TO ESTIMATE DRAINAGE FROM A YARD WASTE WINDROW COMPOSTING PAD SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Composting; Runoff; Curve number ID RUNOFF AB Estimation of runoff from windrow compost pads is a challenge due to the different hydrologic properties of the compost and pad, and moisture storage in the compost, both of which change with time. The surface of a compost pad is usually crushed rock on top of a compacted layer of clay. The curve number method is widely used for estimating runoff from rainfall, but because the porous layer of gravel promotes greater infiltration and subsurface drainage, this study investigated the effectiveness of this standard approach. Four curve number based methods are assessed for their utility in estimating drainage from a 7284-m(2) windrow compost pad in Athens, Georgia, using 16 storm events. The methods estimate drainage using (I) a tabulated curve number, (2) a quasi-dynamic curve number based on the magnitude of the rainfall, antecedent rainfall, and areal coverage of compost piles, (3) an asymptotic curve number, and (4) an average event-based curve number Using the tabulated curve number, event runoff (r(2) = 0.92) was consistently underestimated A quasi-dynamic curve number improved the runoff estimation (r(2) = 0.98). The asymptotic (r(2) = 0.90) and event-based averaged (r(2) = 0.92) curve number methods performed comparable to the tabulated curve number method Although curve numbers for maturing compost decreased from approximately 95 to 75 over time, this study recommends use of a conservative curve number = 95 for containment of design storms, while curve numbers of 70 to 75 may be appropriate for estimating average annual runoff from mature compost and the area necessary for land application of the pad runoff C1 [Duncan, O. J.; Tollner, E. W.; Ssegane, H.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [McCutcheon, S. C.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Tollner, EW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM btollner@engr.uga.edu RI Ssegane, Herbert/K-8098-2014 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 2 BP 201 EP 208 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232RK UT WOS:000325511500009 ER PT J AU Aylward, LL Kirman, CR Schoeny, R Portier, CJ Hays, SM AF Aylward, Lesa L. Kirman, Christopher R. Schoeny, Rita Portier, Christopher J. Hays, Sean M. TI Evaluation of Biomonitoring Data from the CDC National Exposure Report in a Risk Assessment Context: Perspectives across Chemicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE biomonitoring; Biomonitoring Equivalents; blood; cancer risk; CDC National Exposure Report; hazard quotient; NHANES; risk assessment; urine ID EQUIVALENTS EXPERT WORKSHOP; SCREENING CRITERIA; US POPULATION; DOSSIER; HEALTH; GUIDELINES AB BACKGROUND: Biomonitoring data reported in the National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals [NER; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012)] provide information on the presence and concentrations of > 400 chemicals in human blood and urine. Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) and other risk assessment-based values now allow interpretation of these biomonitoring data in a public health risk context. OBJECTIVES: We compared the measured biomarker concentrations in the NER with BEs and similar risk assessment values to provide an across-chemical risk assessment perspective on the measured levels for approximately 130 analytes in the NER. METHODS: We identified available risk assessment-based biomarker screening values, including BEs and Human Biomonitoring-I (HBM-I) values from the German Human Biomonitoring Commission. Geometric mean and 95th percentile population biomarker concentrations from the NER were compared to the available screening values to generate chemical-specific hazard quotients (HQs) or cancer risk estimates. CONCLUSIONS: Most analytes in the NER show HQ values of < 1; however, some (including acrylamide, dioxin-like chemicals, benzene, xylene, several metals, di-2(ethylhexyl) phthalate, and some legacy organochlorine pesticides) approach or exceed HQ values of 1 or cancer risks of > 1 x 10(-4) at the geometric mean or 95th percentile, suggesting exposure levels may exceed published human health benchmarks. This analysis provides for the first time a means for examining population biomonitoring data for multiple environmental chemicals in the context of the risk assessments for those chemicals. The results of these comparisons can be used to focus more detailed chemical-specific examination of the data and inform priorities for chemical risk management and research. C1 [Aylward, Lesa L.] Summit Toxicol LLP, Falls Church, VA 22044 USA. [Kirman, Christopher R.] Summit Toxicol LLP, Orange Village, OH USA. [Schoeny, Rita] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Portier, Christopher J.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hays, Sean M.] Summit Toxicol LLP, Lyons, CO USA. RP Aylward, LL (reprint author), Summit Toxicol LLP, 6343 Carolyn Dr, Falls Church, VA 22044 USA. EM laylward@summittoxicology.com RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010; Aylward, Lesa/F-7418-2012 OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279; Aylward, Lesa/0000-0003-3191-8175 FU American Chemistry Council FX L.L.A., S. M. H., and C. R. K. received funding to support the preparation of this review from the American Chemistry Council. NR 43 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 56 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 121 IS 3 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1289/ehp.1205740 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 208TU UT WOS:000323703500018 PM 23232556 ER PT J AU Chiu, WHA Jinot, J Scott, CS Makris, SL Cooper, GS Dzubow, RC Bale, AS Evans, MV Guyton, KZ Keshava, N Lipscomb, JC Barone, S Fox, JF Gwinn, MR Schaum, J Caldwell, JC AF Chiu, Weihsueh A. Jinot, Jennifer Scott, Cheryl Siegel Makris, Susan L. Cooper, Glinda S. Dzubow, Rebecca C. Bale, Ambuja S. Evans, Marina V. Guyton, Kathryn Z. Keshava, Nagalakshmi Lipscomb, John C. Barone, Stanley, Jr. Fox, John F. Gwinn, Maureen R. Schaum, John Caldwell, Jane C. TI Human Health Effects of Trichloroethylene: Key Findings and Scientific Issues SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE assessment; cancer/tumors; cardiovascular; epidemiology; immunologic response; Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS); meta-analysis; mode of action; physiologically based pharmaco-kinetic (PBPK) modeling; trichloroethylene ID DRINKING-WATER CONTAMINATION; LOW-DOSE TRICHLOROETHYLENE; CONGENITAL HEART-DEFECTS; PIG MAXIMIZATION TEST; RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA; NON-HODGKIN-LYMPHOMA; AL. PBPK MODEL; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; CANCER-RISK; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID AB BACKGROUND: In support of the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) completed a toxicological review of trichloroethylene (TCE) in September 2011, which was the result of an effort spanning > 20 years. OBJECTIVES: We summarized the key findings and scientific issues regarding the human health effects of TCE in the U. S. EPA's toxicological review. METHODS: In this assessment we synthesized and characterized thousands of epidemiologic, experimental animal, and mechanistic studies, and addressed several key scientific issues through modeling of TCE toxicokinetics, meta-analyses of epidemiologic studies, and analyses of mechanistic data. DISCUSSION: Toxicokinetic modeling aided in characterizing the toxicological role of the complex metabolism and multiple metabolites of TCE. Meta-analyses of the epidemiologic data strongly supported the conclusions that TCE causes kidney cancer in humans and that TCE may also cause liver cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Mechanistic analyses support a key role for mutagenicity in TCE-induced kidney carcinogenicity. Recent evidence from studies in both humans and experimental animals point to the involvement of TCE exposure in auto-immune disease and hypersensitivity. Recent avian and in vitro mechanistic studies provided biological plausibility that TCE plays a role in develop-mental cardiac toxicity, the subject of substantial debate due to mixed results from epidemiologic and rodent studies. CONCLUSIONS: TCE is carcinogenic to humans by all routes of exposure and poses a potential human health hazard for non-cancer toxicity to the central nervous system, kidney, liver, immune system, male reproductive system, and the developing embryo/fetus. C1 [Chiu, Weihsueh A.; Jinot, Jennifer; Scott, Cheryl Siegel; Makris, Susan L.; Cooper, Glinda S.; Bale, Ambuja S.; Guyton, Kathryn Z.; Keshava, Nagalakshmi; Lipscomb, John C.; Fox, John F.; Gwinn, Maureen R.; Caldwell, Jane C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Dzubow, Rebecca C.] US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Evans, Marina V.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Barone, Stanley, Jr.] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Schaum, John] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Chiu, WHA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8601P, 2 Potomac Yard North Bldg,2733 S Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM chiu.weihsueh@epa.gov NR 124 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 55 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 121 IS 3 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.1289/ehp.1205879 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 208TU UT WOS:000323703500020 PM 23249866 ER PT J AU Gibbs-Flournoy, EA Simmons, SO Bromberg, PA Dick, TP Samet, JM AF Gibbs-Flournoy, Eugene A. Simmons, Steven O. Bromberg, Philip A. Dick, Tobias P. Samet, James M. TI Monitoring Intracellular Redox Changes in Ozone-Exposed Airway Epithelial Cells SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE glutathione; human airway epithelial cells; imaging; intracellular; oxidative stress; ozone; NADPH; redox; roGFP ID FLUORESCENT PROTEIN INDICATORS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GLUTATHIONE; POLLUTANTS; DISEASES; SELENIUM; HEALTH; PROBES AB BACKGROUND: The toxicity of many xenobiotic compounds is believed to involve oxidative injury to cells. Direct assessment of mechanistic events involved in xenobiotic-induced oxidative stress is not easily achievable. Development of genetically encoded probes designed for monitoring intra-cellular redox changes represents a methodological advance with potential applications in toxicological studies. OBJECTIVE: We tested the utility of redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (roGFP)-based redox sensors for monitoring real-time intracellular redox changes induced by xenobiotics in toxicological studies. METHODS: roGFP2, a reporter of the gluta-thione redox potential (E-GSH), was used to monitor E-GSH in cultured human airway epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells) undergoing exposure to 0.15-1.0 ppm ozone (O-3). Cells were imaged in real time using a custom-built O-3 exposure system coupled to a confocal microscope. RESULTS: O-3 exposure induced a dose-and time-dependent increase of the cytosolic E-GSH. Additional experiments confirmed that roGFP2 is not directly oxidized, but properly equilibrates with the gluta-thione redox couple: Inhibition of endogenous gluta-redoxin 1 (Grx1) disrupted roGFP2 responses to O-3, and a Grx1-roGFP2 fusion protein responded more rapidly to O-3 exposure. Selenite-induced up-regulation of GPx (gluta-thione peroxidase) expression-enhanced roGFP2 responsiveness to O-3, suggesting that (hydro) peroxides are intermediates linking O-3 exposure to gluta-thione oxidation. CONCLUSION: Exposure to O-3 induces a profound increase in the cytosolic E-GSH of airway epithelial cells that is indicative of an oxidant-dependent impairment of gluta-thione redox homeostasis. These studies demonstrate the utility of using genetically encoded redox reporters in making reliable assessments of cells undergoing exposure to xenobiotics with strong oxidizing properties. C1 [Gibbs-Flournoy, Eugene A.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Simmons, Steven O.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bromberg, Philip A.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Dick, Tobias P.] German Canc Res Ctr, DKFZ ZMBH Alliance, Div Redox Regulat, Heidelberg, Germany. [Samet, James M.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, NHEERL, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Samet, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM samet.james@epa.gov OI Simmons, Steven/0000-0001-9079-1069 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES007126] NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 121 IS 3 BP 312 EP 317 DI 10.1289/ehp.1206039 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 208TU UT WOS:000323703500021 PM 23249900 ER PT J AU Navas-Acien, A Maull, EA Thayer, KA AF Navas-Acien, Ana Maull, Elizabeth A. Thayer, Kristina A. TI Arsenic and Diabetes: Navas-Acien et al. Respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID PREVALENCE; EXPOSURE C1 [Navas-Acien, Ana] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. [Maull, Elizabeth A.; Thayer, Kristina A.] NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Navas-Acien, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. EM maull@niehs.nih.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 121 IS 3 BP A71 EP A72 DI 10.1289/ehp.1206100R PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 208TU UT WOS:000323703500005 PM 23455044 ER PT J AU Khan, MY Ranganathan, S Agrawal, H Welch, WA Laroo, C Miller, JW Cocker, DR AF Khan, M. Yusuf Ranganathan, Sindhuja Agrawal, Harshit Welch, William A. Laroo, Christopher Miller, J. Wayne Cocker, David R., III TI Measuring in-use ship emissions with international and US federal methods SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICULATE MATTER; UV ABSORPTION; OCEAN; ISORROPIA; AEROSOLS; IMPACTS; ENGINES AB Regulatory agencies have shifted their emphasis from measuring emissions during certification cycles to measuring emissions during actual use. Emission measurements in this research were made from two different large ships at sea to compare the Simplified Measurement Method (SMM) compliant with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) NOx Technical Code to the Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) compliant with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1065 for on-road emission testing. Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured at load points specified by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to compare the two measurement methods. The average percentage errors calculated for PEMS measurements were 6.5%, 0.6%, and 357% for NOx, CO2, and CO, respectively. The NOx percentage error of 6.5% corresponds to a 0.22 to 1.11 g/kW-hr error in moving from Tier III (3.4 g/kW-hr) to Tier I (17.0 g/kW-hr) emission limits. Emission factors (EFs) of NOx and CO2 measured via SMM were comparable to other studies and regulatory agencies estimates. However, EFPM2.5 for this study was up to 26% higher than that currently used by regulatory agencies. The PM2.5 was comprised predominantly of hydrated sulfate (70-95%), followed by organic carbon (11-14%), ash (6-11%), and elemental carbon (0.4-0.8%). C1 [Khan, M. Yusuf; Agrawal, Harshit; Miller, J. Wayne; Cocker, David R., III] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Khan, M. Yusuf; Ranganathan, Sindhuja; Agrawal, Harshit; Welch, William A.; Miller, J. Wayne; Cocker, David R., III] Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Agrawal, Harshit] Shell Projects & Technol, Bengaluru, India. [Laroo, Christopher] US EPA, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Cocker, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Bourns Hall A242,900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM dcocker@engr.ucr.edu RI Cocker, David/F-4442-2010 OI Cocker, David/0000-0002-0586-0769 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors express their gratitude to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for its financial support and to the shipping company for volunteering its ship to carry out this project successfully. An appreciation is extended to all the crew members and administrative staff of the ship for their support and cooperative efforts during the emission testing. The authors are grateful to Dr. Varalakshmi Jayaram, Charles Buffalino, and Kurt Bumiller for their help with the test preparations, and to Kathalena Cocker and James Gutierrez for their help and support in the Analytical Lab. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 63 IS 3 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.1080/10962247.2012.744370 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 194LA UT WOS:000322633600004 PM 23556238 ER PT J AU Docherty, KS Jaoui, M Corse, E Jimenez, JL Offenberg, JH Lewandowski, M Kleindienst, TE AF Docherty, Kenneth S. Jaoui, Mohammed Corse, Eric Jimenez, Jose L. Offenberg, John H. Lewandowski, Michael Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. TI Collection Efficiency of the Aerosol Mass Spectrometer for Chamber-Generated Secondary Organic Aerosols SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FINE-PARTICLE COMPOSITION; BEAM WIDTH PROBE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; VOLATILITY MEASUREMENTS; MEXICO-CITY; FIELD; LENS; EVOLUTION; PHASE; ORGANOSULFATES AB The collection efficiency (CE) of the aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) for chamber-generated secondary organic aerosol (SOA) at elevated mass concentrations (range: 19-207g m(-3); average: 64g m(-3)) and under dry conditions was investigated by comparing AMS measurements to scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), Sunset semi-continuous carbon monitor (Sunset), and gravimetric filter measurements. While SMPS and Sunset measurements are consistent with gravimetric filter measurements throughout a series of reactions with varying parent hydrocarbon/oxidant combinations, AMS CE values were highly variable ranging from unity to <15%. The majority of mass discrepancy reflected by low CE values does not appear to be due to particle losses either in the aerodynamic lens system or in the vacuum chamber as the contributions of these mechanisms to CE are low and negligible, respectively. As a result, the largest contribution to CE in the case of chamber-generated SOA appears to be due to particle bounce at the vaporizer surface before volatilization, which is consistent with earlier studies that have investigated the CE of ambient and select laboratory-generated particles. CE values obtained throughout the series of reactions conducted here are also well correlated with thef(44)/f(57) ratio, thereby indicating both that the composition of the organic fraction has an important impact on the CE of chamber-generated SOA and that this effect may be linked to the extent to which the organic fraction is oxidized. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research C1 [Docherty, Kenneth S.; Jaoui, Mohammed; Corse, Eric] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27713 USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Offenberg, John H.; Lewandowski, Michael; Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Docherty, KS (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technol, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27713 USA. EM kdocherty@alionscience.com RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 FU DOE (BER, ASR program) [DE-SC0006035]; NASA [NNX12AC03G]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-05-065] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Doug Worsnop and Aerodyne Research, Inc., for the use of a beam width probe which was used to measure beam width dimensions. Jose L. Jimenez was supported by DOE (BER, ASR program) DE-SC0006035 and NASA NNX12AC03G. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and collaborated in the research described here under Contract EP-D-05-065 to Alion Science and Technology. The article is subjected to external peer review and has been cleared for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation. NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 3 BP 294 EP 309 DI 10.1080/02786826.2012.752572 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 174RM UT WOS:000321173100008 ER PT J AU Patterson, CL Cadena, F Sinha, R Ngo-Kidd, DK Ghassemi, A Krishnan, ER AF Patterson, Craig L. Cadena, Fernando Sinha, Rajib Ngo-Kidd, Dzung Kim Ghassemi, Abbas Krishnan, E. Radha TI Field Treatment of MTBE-Contaminated Groundwater Using Ozone/UV Oxidation SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; OZONE/HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; WATER; DEGRADATION; OZONATION; UV/H2O2; REMOVAL; UV; EFFICIENCY; PRODUCTS AB Methyl-tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is often found in groundwater as a result of gasoline spills and leaking underground storage tanks. An extrapolation of occurrence data in 2008 estimated at least one detection of MTBE in approximately 165 small and large public water systems serving 896,000 people nationally (United States Environmental Protection Agency [U.S. EPA] 2008). The objective of this collaborative field study was to evaluate a small groundwater treatment system to determine the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV)/ozone treatment in removing MTBE from contaminated drinking water wells. A pilot-scale advanced oxidation process (AOP) system was tested to evaluate the oxidation efficiency of MTBE and intermediates under field conditions. This system used ozone as an oxidizer in the presence of UV light at hydraulic retention times varying from 1 to 3 min. MTBE removal efficiencies approaching 97% were possible with this system, even with low retention times. The intermediate t-butyl alcohol (TBA) was removed to a lesser extent (71%) under the same test conditions. The main intermediate formed in the oxidation process of the contaminated groundwater in these studies was acetone. The concentrations of the other anticipated intermediates t-butyl formate (TBF), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), methyl acetate (MAc), and possible co-occurring aromatics (BTEX) in the effluent were negligible. C1 [Patterson, Craig L.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Cadena, Fernando; Ghassemi, Abbas] New Mexico State Univ, Inst Energy & Environm, Coll Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Sinha, Rajib; Krishnan, E. Radha] Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. [Ngo-Kidd, Dzung Kim] US EPA Reg 6, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. RP Patterson, CL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM patterson.craig@epa.gov; fcadena@nmsu.edu; Rajib.Sinha@Shawgrp.com; Ngo.Kim@epa.gov; aghassem@nmsu.edu; Radha.Krishnan@Shawgrp.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development; U.S. EPA [EP-C-04-034] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.; The information presented in this report represents work conducted by Shaw Environmental, Inc. (Shaw) and New Mexico State University (NMSU) for the U.S. EPA under Contract No. EP-C-04-034, Work Assignment No. 2-03. Field sample collection was carried out by Mr. David Ennis with Souder Miller, Inc. under supervision of Mr. Craig Shapard with the New Mexico Environment Department. Experimental design, implementation and field analyses were coordinated by Ms. Maritza Macias-Corral, graduate student in the Civil Engineering Department at NMSU. Dr. Bill Boyle with the Soil, Water and Air Testing Laboratory at NMSU performed the analytical work. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2013 VL 33 IS 2 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2012.01418.x PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 140DC UT WOS:000318633500003 ER PT J AU Flory, J Kanel, SR Racz, L Impellitteri, CA Silva, RG Goltz, MN AF Flory, Jason Kanel, Sushil R. Racz, LeeAnn Impellitteri, Christopher A. Silva, Rendahandi G. Goltz, Mark N. TI Influence of pH on the transport of silver nanoparticles in saturated porous media: laboratory experiments and modeling SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Silver nanoparticles; Environmental fate and transport; Advection-dispersion model; Irreversible and reversible attachment; Groundwater contamination ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SURFACE-CHARGE; AGGREGATION; DEPOSITION; NANOMATERIALS; ATTACHMENT; NANOSILVER; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE AB Given the ubiquity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their potential for toxic effects on both humans and the environment, it is important to understand their environmental fate and transport. The purpose of this study is to gain information on the transport properties of commercial AgNP suspensions in a glass bead-packed column under saturated flow conditions at different solution pH levels. Commercial AgNPs were characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Transport data were collected at different pH levels (4, 6.5, 9, and 11) at fixed ionic strength. Capture of AgNPs increased as the pH of the solution increased from 4 to 6.5. Further increase in pH to 9 and 11 decreased the attachment of AgNPs to the glass beads. AgNP concentration versus time breakthrough data were simulated using an advection-dispersion model incorporating both irreversible and reversible attachment. In particular, a reversible attachment model is required to simulate breakthrough curve tailing at near neutral pH, when attachment is most significant. The laboratory and modeling study reveals that for natural groundwaters, AgNP transport in porous media may be retarded due to capture; but ultimately, most of the mass may be slowly released over time. C1 [Flory, Jason; Kanel, Sushil R.; Racz, LeeAnn; Goltz, Mark N.] USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Impellitteri, Christopher A.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Silva, Rendahandi G.] US EPA, Shaw Environm & Infrastruct, US EPA Test & Evaluat Facil, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45204 USA. RP Kanel, SR (reprint author), USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sushil.kanel.ctr@afit.edu; mark.goltz@afit.edu OI Kanel, Sushil/0000-0002-6805-4326; Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 FU Air Force Medical Support Agency's Research and Development Division (AFMSA/SGRS), Department of Defense [F1ATD41003G004] FX This research was supported by Air Force Medical Support Agency's Research and Development Division (AFMSA/SGRS), Department of Defense Funding Document No. F1ATD41003G004. Authors acknowledge Dr. Daniel Felker for training student in ICP analysis and gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance efforts of undergraduate students Nicole Jacques and Chelsea Riegel. The authors thank Barb Miller (University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, OH) and the NEST Laboratory, (University of Dayton, Dayton, OH) for assisting with the HRTEM analysis. This work was performed while Dr. Sushil R. Kanel was in the National Research Council Fellowship Program at the Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not, necessarily, reflect the official positions and policies of the USEPA, the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Any mention of products or trade names does not constitute recommendation for use by the USEPA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 15 IS 3 AR 1484 DI 10.1007/s11051-013-1484-x PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 138ZP UT WOS:000318551300029 ER PT J AU Abdelnour, A McKane, RB Stieglitz, M Pan, FF Cheng, YW AF Abdelnour, Alex McKane, Robert B. Stieglitz, Marc Pan, Feifei Cheng, Yiwei TI Effects of harvest on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a Pacific Northwest forest catchment SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATE CONIFEROUS FOREST; NET ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; WESTERN OREGON; SOIL CARBON; WATER YIELD; CLEAR-CUT; LONG-TERM AB We used a new ecohydrological model, Visualizing Ecosystems for Land Management Assessments (VELMA), to analyze the effects of forest harvest on catchment carbon and nitrogen dynamics. We applied the model to a 10 ha headwater catchment in the western Oregon Cascade Range where two major disturbance events have occurred during the past 500 years: a stand-replacing fire circa 1525 and a clear-cut in 1975. Hydrological and biogeochemical data from this site and other Pacific Northwest forest ecosystems were used to calibrate the model. Model parameters were first calibrated to simulate the postfire buildup of ecosystem carbon and nitrogen stocks in plants and soil from 1525 to 1969, the year when stream flow and chemistry measurements were begun. Thereafter, the model was used to simulate old-growth (1969-1974) and postharvest (1975-2008) temporal changes in carbon and nitrogen dynamics. VELMA accurately captured observed changes in carbon and nitrogen dynamics before and after harvest. The interaction of hydrological and biogeochemical processes in the model provided a means for interpreting these changes. Results show that (1) losses of dissolved nutrients in the preharvest old-growth forest were generally low and consisted primarily of organic nitrogen and carbon; (2) following harvest, carbon and nitrogen losses from the terrestrial system to the stream and atmosphere increased as a result of reduced plant nitrogen uptake, increased soil organic matter decomposition, and high soil moisture; and (3) the rate of forest regrowth following harvest was lower than that after fire because post-clear-cut stocks and turnover of detritus nitrogen were substantially lower than after fire. Citation: Abdelnour, A., R. McKane, M. Stieglitz, F. Pan, and Y. Cheng (2013), Effects of harvest on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a Pacific Northwest forest catchment, Water Resour. Res., 49, 1292-1313, doi: 10.1029/2012WR012994. C1 [Abdelnour, Alex; Stieglitz, Marc; Pan, Feifei; Cheng, Yiwei] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McKane, Robert B.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. [Stieglitz, Marc] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Pan, Feifei] Univ N Texas, Dept Geog, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Abdelnour, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM abdelnouralex@gmail.com RI Pan, Feifei/D-3370-2015; Cheng, Yiwei/H-6670-2016 OI Pan, Feifei/0000-0003-4373-7566; Cheng, Yiwei/0000-0003-1014-0325 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; NSF [0439620, 0436118, 0922100]; National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program [DEB 08-23380]; U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; Oregon State University FX The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to the agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This research was additionally supported in part by the following NSF grants 0439620, 0436118, and 0922100. We thank Sherri Johnson, Barbara Bond, Suzanne Remillard, Theresa Valentine, and Don Henshaw for invaluable assistance in accessing and interpreting various H.J. Andrews LTER data sets used in this study. Sherri Johnson also provided helpful comments on an earlier draft. Data for streamflow, stream chemistry, and climate were provided by the HJA Research Program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 08-23380), U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. NR 128 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1292 EP 1313 DI 10.1029/2012WR012994 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 129HM UT WOS:000317829900007 ER PT J AU Robinson, NM Hansen, GI Fernandez-Garcia, C Riosmena-Rodriguez, R AF Robinson, Nestor M. Hansen, G. I. Fernandez-Garcia, C. Riosmena-Rodriguez, R. TI A taxonomic and distributional study of the rhodolith-forming species Lithothamnion muelleri (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) in the Eastern Pacific Ocean SO ALGAE LA English DT Article DE coralline algae; Costa Rica; Lithothamnion muelleri; Mexico; Nicaragua; taxonomy; Washington ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; ESPIRITO-SANTO STATE; LITHOPHYLLUM CORALLINALES; TROPICAL PACIFIC; NORTH-AMERICA; SP-NOV; MELOBESIOIDEAE; BRAZIL; COAST; BED AB Lithothamnion rnuelleri is reported for the first time as one of the main components of rhodolith beds along the Eastern Pacific Ocean based on samples from Washington State (USA), Pacific Baja California (Mexico), southern Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Individual rhodoliths ranged from fruticose to lumpy in morphology, and bi-sporangial, tetrasporangial, and gametangial plants were similar to those described from Australia and Brazil. Our study revealed a surprisingly wide latitudinal distribution of this species along the American continent. Its documentation in the Eastern Pacific will facilitate a more accurate interpretation of the ecology, biology, and biogeography of rhodolith beds worldwide. C1 [Robinson, Nestor M.; Fernandez-Garcia, C.; Riosmena-Rodriguez, R.] UABCS, Dept Biol Marina, Programa Invest Bot Marina, La Paz 23080, Bcs, Mexico. [Hansen, G. I.] Oregon State Univ, US EPA, WED PCEB, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Fernandez-Garcia, C.] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Ctr Invest Ciencias Mar & Limnol CIMAR, San Jose 115012060, Costa Rica. RP Robinson, NM (reprint author), UABCS, Dept Biol Marina, Programa Invest Bot Marina, Apartado Postal 19-B, La Paz 23080, Bcs, Mexico. EM robinson.biol@gmail.com OI Riosmena-Rodriguez, Rafael/0000-0002-8162-3052; Robinson, Nestor M./0000-0001-7442-1666 FU CONACYT SEMARNAT; CONACYT SEP; Universidad de Costa Rica; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Leon, Nicaragua; CONACYT FX Rafael Riosmena-Rodriguez was supported by CONACYT SEMARNAT and CONACYT SEP for the studies in the Gulf of California. Nestor Robinson acknowledges scholarships from CONACYT and Cindy Fernandez acknowledges support from the Universidad de Costa Rica and the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Leon, Nicaragua. Gayle I. Hansen was given space for her herbarium and laboratory as a visiting researcher at the US Environmental Protection Agency in Newport, Oregon. We also acknowledge Jazmin Hernandez Kantun and Pierce Lalor for their kind support with the SEM pictures at Ryan Institute, National University of Galway, Ireland. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 20 PU KOREAN SOC PHYCOLOGY PI SEOUL PA B1F, TRUST TOWER, 275-7 YANGJAE-DONG, SEOCHO-KU, SEOUL, 137-739, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-2617 J9 ALGAE JI Algae PD MAR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.4490/algae.2013.28.1.063 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 132EN UT WOS:000318050800005 ER PT J AU Garcia-Garcia, A Levey, MD Watson, EB AF Garcia-Garcia, Ana Levey, Matthew D. Watson, Elizabeth B. TI High resolution seismic study of the Holocene infill of the Elkhorn Slough, central California SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE High-resolution seismic analysis; Marine transgression; Holocene; Elkhorn Slough; California ID BIOGENIC GAS; ACCUMULATION; ESTUARY; VIGO; BAY; RIA AB The seismic analysis of the sedimentary infill of the Elkhorn Slough, central California, reveals a succession of three main seismic units: U1, U2, U3, with their correspondent discontinuities d(2), d(3). These units are deposited over a paleorelief representing the channel location at least 8k years ago. The location of that paleochannel has not changed with time, but the geometry of the infilling sedimentary packages has done so through the years. Discontinuities d(2) and d(3) show a relic island or relative high in the center of the Slough that separated the sedimentation into two main small basins at least 3k years ago. There is evidence of erosion in the last two sedimentary units showing that the present erosive pattern began decades ago at minimum. We have correlated radiocarbon data of selected cores with the high resolution chirp profiles and reconstructed the infill for the Elkhorn Slough. In the most recent unit, the occurrence of numerous lateral accretion surfaces on both ends of the main channel is discussed within their environmental setting, tidal currents and the net ebb flux of the area. We have interpreted the presence of gas in the sediments of the slough, with a gas front located at the tops of units 2 and 3, which are discontinuities that reflect an effective seal for the gas. Our data shows no obvious evidence for seepage, although the shallow presence of some of the fronts points out the fragility of the environment in the present erosive conditions. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Garcia-Garcia, Ana] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Garcia-Garcia, Ana] Monterey Peninsula Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Levey, Matthew D.] SeaSpatial Consulting, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Watson, Elizabeth B.] US EPA, ORD NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Garcia-Garcia, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM agarciag@ucsc.edu; mlevey@seaspatial.com; Watson.Elizabeth@epa.gov FU CICEET, the Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology; Fugro Geoconsulting Inc. FX The authors wish to thank the SeaFloor Mapping Lab at CSUMB for use of their Edgetech CHIRP profiler, Captain Ron Eby for his time and skillful handling of the acquisition vessel, Geoff Shipton of Triton Imaging for his assistance during acquisition and interpretation of CHIRP data, and Triton Imaging for donating their excellent seismic acquisition and interpretation software. We also wish to thank the staff of the Elkhorn Slough Foundation for their assistance and use of equipment. We would like to also thank the reviewers Mr. Maher and editor Mr. Jonathan Sharples, whose suggestions and comments improved the earlier version of the manuscript. Funding and support for this project was provided by CICEET, the Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology. A partnership of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the University of New Hampshire, CICEET develops tools for clean water and healthy coasts nationwide. Partial support was also provided by Fugro Geoconsulting Inc. We want to thank Dr. Gary Hampsom for his insight regarding lateral accretion surfaces and point and counter point bars, and Dr. Gary Greene for clarification on the geological background. We also thank Dr. Ivano Aiello at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories for early discussions on the manuscript. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 55 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.01.012 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 130TU UT WOS:000317943800010 ER PT J AU Johnson, BR Fritz, KM Price, R AF Johnson, Brent R. Fritz, Ken M. Price, Rachel TI Estimating benthic secondary production from aquatic insect emergence in streams affected by mountaintop removal coal mining, West Virginia, USA SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Appalachian; bioassessment; Chironomidae; conductivity; ecosystem function; EPT; headwater; indicator; valley fill ID HEADWATER STREAMS; MACROINVERTEBRATE PRODUCTION; FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS; ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; LITTER BREAKDOWN; VALLEY FILLS; BIOMASS; GRADIENT; MINE; ACIDIFICATION AB Mountaintop removal and valley fill (MTR/VF) coal mining recontours the Appalachian landscape, buries headwater stream channels, and degrades downstream water quality. The goal of this study was to compare benthic community production estimates, based on seasonal insect emergence, between mined and forested streams in the Twentymile Creek watershed, WV (USA). We also assessed the relationship between structural and functional indicators by comparing traditional structural bioassessment measures with our secondary production estimates. Emergence traps were deployed seasonally for 2-4 weeks beginning in Autumn 2007 along 100-m reaches in each of five mined and five forested streams. The study reaches in the mined streams were located at varying distances downstream of their respective valley fills. Benthic community production was calculated using published length-mass equations and emergence: production ratios. No differences in seasonal emergent density (indiv. m(-2) d(-1)), biomass (mg m(-2) d(-1)) or estimated annual secondary production (g AFDM m(-2) y(-1)) were detected between treatments. Annual secondary production estimates for mined streams were highly variable and averaged 29.6 g AFDM m(-2) y(-1), but ranged from 1.51 g AFDM m(-2) y(-1) in the stream nearest to its valley fill to 65.69 g AFDM m(-2) y(-1) in another stream that was 1 km downstream from its fill. Production of forested streams was more consistent with an average of 20.42 g AFDM m(-2) y(-1) and ranged only from 13.81-27.17 g AFDM m(-2) y(-1). Annual production estimates were not correlated with benthic community index scores, component metrics, or habitat assessment scores. Only EPT production estimates were significantly correlated with structural endpoints. Conductivity of mined streams was > 30x greater than forested streams and contributed to strong differences in emergence composition. Chironomids alone accounted for > 80 % of production in mined streams while forested streams had significantly higher EPT production. Measures of stream ecosystem function, including secondary production, can provide more holistic stream assessments. Prior to their widespread application as indicators of stream health, however, studies are needed to further develop robust response functions across disturbance gradients from multiple stressors. C1 [Johnson, Brent R.; Fritz, Ken M.] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Price, Rachel] Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC USA. RP Johnson, BR (reprint author), US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM johnson.brent@epa.gov NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 55 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1863-9135 J9 FUND APPL LIMNOL JI Fundam. Appl. Limnol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 182 IS 3 BP 191 EP 204 DI 10.1127/1863-9135/2013/0403 PG 14 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 134PZ UT WOS:000318226900001 ER PT J AU Mwilu, SK El Badawy, AM Bradham, K Nelson, C Thomas, D Scheckel, KG Tolaymat, T Ma, LZ Rogers, KR AF Mwilu, Samuel K. El Badawy, Amro M. Bradham, Karen Nelson, Clay Thomas, David Scheckel, Kirk G. Tolaymat, Thabet Ma, Longzhou Rogers, Kim R. TI Changes in silver nanoparticles exposed to human synthetic stomach fluid: Effects of particle size and surface chemistry SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Silver nanoparticles; Synthetic stomach fluid; Human exposure; Surface chemistry ID PLASMON RESONANCE; TOXICITY; NANOMATERIALS; AGGREGATION; ENVIRONMENT; INGESTION; KINETICS; ARGYRIA; CHARGE; CELLS AB The significant rise in consumer products and applications utilizing the antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has increased the possibility of human exposure. The mobility and bioavailability of AgNPs through the ingestion pathway will depend, in part, on properties such as particle size and the surface chemistries that will influence their physical and chemical reactivities during transit through the gastrointestinal tract. This study investigates the interactions between synthetic stomach fluid and AgNPs of different sizes and with different capping agents. Changes in morphology, size and chemical composition were determined during a 30 min exposure to synthetic human stomach fluid (SSF) using Absorbance Spectroscopy, High Resolution Transmission Electron and Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM/SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA). AgNPs exposed to SSF were found to aggregate significantly and also released ionic silver which physically associated with the particle aggregates as silver chloride. Generally, the smaller sized AgNPs (<10 nm) showed higher rates of aggregation and physical transformation than larger particles (75 nm). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp)-stabilized AgNPs prepared in house behaved differently in SSF than particles obtained from a commercial source despite having similar surface coating and size distribution characteristics. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mwilu, Samuel K.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [El Badawy, Amro M.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Bradham, Karen; Nelson, Clay; Thomas, David; Rogers, Kim R.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Scheckel, Kirk G.; Tolaymat, Thabet] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Ma, Longzhou] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Rogers, KR (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rogers.kim@epa.gov RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; FU National Research Council fellowship at US-EPA, Las Vegas FX This work was performed while S.K. Mwilu held a National Research Council fellowship at US-EPA, Las Vegas. NR 22 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 447 BP 90 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.036 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 125KG UT WOS:000317538100011 PM 23376520 ER PT J AU Mohapatra, DP Brar, SK Tyagi, RD Picard, P Surampalli, RY AF Mohapatra, D. P. Brar, S. K. Tyagi, R. D. Picard, P. Surampalli, R. Y. TI A comparative study of ultrasonication, Fenton's oxidation and ferro-sonication treatment for degradation of carbamazepine from wastewater and toxicity test by Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES) assay SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Advanced oxidation processes; By-products; Carbamazepine; Yeast estrogenic screen assay; Wastewater ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHARMACEUTICALS; METABOLITES; EFFLUENT; PRODUCTS AB A comparative study of ultrasonication (US), Fenton's oxidation (FO) and ferro-sonication (FS) (combination of ultrasonication and Fenton's oxidation) advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) from wastewater (WW) is reported for the first time. CBZ is a worldwide used antiepileptic drug, found as a persistent emerging contaminant in many wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluents and other aquatic environments. The oxidation treatments of WW caused an effective removal of the drug. Among the various US, FO and FS pre-treatments carried out, higher soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and soluble organic carbon (SOC) increment (63 to 86% and 21 to 34%, respectively) was observed during FO pre-treatment process, resulting in higher removal of CBZ (84 to 100%) from WW. Furthermore, analysis of by-products formed during US, FO and FS pre-treatment in WW was carried out by using laser diode thermal desorption-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (LDTD-APCI) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). LDTD-APCI-MS/MS analysis indicated formation of two by-products, such as epoxycarbamazepine and hydroxycarbamazepine due to the reaction of hydroxyl radicals (OH-) with CBZ during the three types of pre-treatment processes. In addition, the estrogenic activity of US, FO and FS pre-treated sample with CBZ and its by-products was carried out by Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES) assay method. Based upon the YES test results, none of the pre-treated samples showed estrogenic activity. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mohapatra, D. P.; Brar, S. K.; Tyagi, R. D.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Picard, P.] Phytronix Technol, Quebec City, PQ G1P 2J7, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Brar, SK (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM satinder.brar@ete.inrs.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [355254]; Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), Quebec; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Phytronix Technologies, Quebec FX The authors are thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grant 355254) for financial support. Thanks to the Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), Quebec, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and Phytronix Technologies, Quebec for providing Ph.D. scholarship (BMP Innovation) to D.P. Mohapatra. The views or opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as opinions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 447 BP 280 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.072 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 125KG UT WOS:000317538100031 PM 23410855 ER PT J AU Prasad, RY Wallace, K Daniel, KM Tennant, AH Zucker, RM Strickland, J Dreher, K Kligerman, AD Blackman, CF DeMarini, DM AF Prasad, Raju Y. Wallace, Kathleen Daniel, Kaitlin M. Tennant, Alan H. Zucker, Robert M. Strickland, Jenna Dreher, Kevin Kligerman, Andrew D. Blackman, Carl F. DeMarini, David M. TI Effect of Treatment Media on the Agglomeration of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: Impact on Genotoxicity, Cellular Interaction, and Cell Cycle SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE titanium dioxide nanoparticles; genotoxicity; micronuclei; comet assay; DNA damage; flow cytometry; cell cycle; dark-field microscopy; electron microscopy ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; DARK-FIELD MICROSCOPY; HUMAN LUNG-CELLS; IN-VITRO; DNA-DAMAGE; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; TIO2 NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS AB The widespread use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles In consumer products increases the probability of exposure to humans and the environment. Although TiO2 nanoparticles have been shown to induce DNA damage (comet assay) and chromosome damage (micronucleus assay, MN) in vitro, no study has systematically assessed the influence of medium composition on the physicochemical characteristics and genotoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles. We assessed TiO2 nanoparticle agglomeration, cellular interaction, induction of genotoxicity, and influence on cell cycle in human lung epithelial cells using three different nanoparticle-treatment media: keratinocyte growth medium (KGM) plus 0.1% bovine serum albumin (KB); a synthetic broncheoalveolar lavage fluid containing PBS, 0.6% bovine serum albumin and 0.001% surfactant (DM); or KGM with 10% fetal bovine serum (KF). The comet assay showed that TiO2 nanoparticles induced similar amounts of DNA damage in all three media, Independent of the amount of agglomeration, cellular interaction, or cell-cycle changes measured by flow cytometry. In contrast, TiO2 nanoparticles induced MN only in KF, which Is the medium that facilitated the lowest amount of agglomeration, the greatest amount of nanoparticle cellular interaction, and the highest population of cells accumulating in S phase. These results with TiO2 nanoparticles in KF demonstrate an association between medium composition, particle uptake, and nanoparticle interaction with cells, leading to chromosomal damage as measured by the MN assay. C1 [Prasad, Raju Y.; Daniel, Kaitlin M.; Strickland, Jenna] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wallace, Kathleen; Tennant, Alan H.; Kligerman, Andrew D.; Blackman, Carl F.; DeMarini, David M.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zucker, Robert M.] US EPA, Toxicol Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dreher, Kevin] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP DeMarini, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM demarini.david@epa.gov OI Blackman, Carl/0000-0003-3267-5224 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors would like to thank the University of Kentucky for TEM experiments (PR-NC-08-10414); R. Jaskot for assistance with the SEM studies; J. G. Muniz Ortiz, J. Campbell, B. Collins, and J. Allen for assistance with the genotoxicity studies; S. Kumar and P. Bommineni for assistance with the study, and K. Tarpley for figure preparation. We also thank the NHEERL Nano Health Effects Team for their help and guidance in this study. The authors would like to thank W. Boyes, B. Collins, and K. Kitchin for in-house review of the manuscript. This study was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's intramural research program. NR 73 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 89 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAR PY 2013 VL 7 IS 3 BP 1929 EP 1942 DI 10.1021/nn302280n PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 115YB UT WOS:000316846700010 PM 23387956 ER PT J AU Rouissi, T Mahmoudi, A Tyagi, RD Brar, SK Prevost, D Surampalli, RY AF Rouissi, Tarek Mahmoudi, Amin Tyagi, Rajeshwar D. Brar, Satinder K. Prevost, Danielle Surampalli, Rao Y. TI Optimisation of spray drying by response surface methodology for the production of Sinorhizobium meliloti powder formulation by using starch industry wastewater SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; LEGUME INOCULANT; SURVIVAL; RHIZOBIA; CARRIER; GROWTH; MICROORGANISMS; SLUDGE AB A spray-drying process was optimised by response surface methodology for the development of a powder formulation of Sinorhizobium meliloti (produced in starch industry wastewater). The process parameters comprised drying temperature, air drying rate, spray pressure and feed sample rate. Cheese whey powder, sorbitol and sucrose were added at 10, 1 and 1% w/v, respectively before drying. Responses studied comprised cell viability, moisture and outlet temperature. Under the optimal conditions (maximum desirability = 0.81), the formulation showed cell viability of 6.8 x 10(9) CPU g(-1), moisture of 11.4% and outlet temperature of 42 degrees C. During 4 months of refrigerated storage, viability was maintained at >10(9) CPU g(-1). Analysis of inoculated alfalfa plants showed that powder formulation induced similar shoot yield on dry basis (144.6 mg) (p = 0.23) and nodulation index (15.2) (p = 0.18) compared to fresh cells cultured in standard media (shoot yield and nodulation index were 131 and 14 mg, respectively). Micrographs showed that cells were embedded in the mixture of additives (whey-sucrose-sorbitol) which acted as a matrix. (C) 2013 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rouissi, Tarek; Mahmoudi, Amin; Tyagi, Rajeshwar D.; Brar, Satinder K.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Prevost, Danielle] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Quebec City, PQ G1V 2J3, Canada. [Surampalli, Rao Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tarek.rouissi@ete.inrs.ca; amine.mahmoudi@ete.inrs.ca; tyagi@ete.inrs.ca; satinder.brar@ete.inrs.ca; Danielle.Prevost@agr.gc.ca; surampalli.rao@epa.gov FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Canada Research Chair) [A4984]; MAPAQ [807150]; INRS-ETE FX The authors are sincerely thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grants A4984, Canada Research Chair), MAPAQ (807150), INRS-ETE for financial support. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 114 IS 3 BP 334 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2013.01.003 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 111JW UT WOS:000316518600015 ER PT J AU Frazier, M Miller, AW Ruiz, GM AF Frazier, Melanie Miller, A. Whitman Ruiz, Gregory M. TI Linking science and policy to prevent the spread of invasive species from the ballast water discharge of ships SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Frazier, Melanie] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Miller, A. Whitman; Ruiz, Gregory M.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD USA. RP Frazier, M (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM frazier.melanie@epa.gov OI Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X; Miller, Whitman/0000-0003-0484-182X NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 55 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 2 BP 287 EP 288 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111ZC UT WOS:000316559800001 PM 23634580 ER PT J AU Albert, RJ Lishman, JM Saxena, JR AF Albert, Ryan J. Lishman, John M. Saxena, Juhi R. TI Ballast water regulations and the move toward concentration-based numeric discharge limits SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aquatic nuisance species (ANS); ballast water; International Maritime Organization (IMO); invasive species; National Invasive Species Act (NISA); propagule pressure; Vessel General Permit (VGP) ID GREAT-LAKES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SHIPS; MARINE; SEDIMENTS; MANAGEMENT; EXCHANGE; EFFICACY; PORTS; EGGS AB Ballast water from shipping is a principal source for the introduction of nonindigenous species. As a result, numerous government bodies have adopted various ballast water management practices and discharge standards to slow or eliminate the future introduction and dispersal of these nonindigenous species. For researchers studying ballast water issues, understanding the regulatory framework is helpful to define the scope of research needed by policy makers to develop effective regulations. However, for most scientists, this information is difficult to obtain because it is outside the standard scientific literature and often difficult to interpret. This paper provides a brief review of the regulatory framework directed toward scientists studying ballast water and aquatic invasive species issues. We describe different approaches to ballast water management in international, U. S. federal and state, and domestic ballast water regulation. Specifically, we discuss standards established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the U. S. Coast Guard and U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, and individual states in the United States including California, New York, and Minnesota. Additionally, outside the United States, countries such as Australia, Canada, and New Zealand have well-established domestic ballast water regulatory regimes. Different approaches to regulation have recently resulted in variations between numeric concentration-based ballast water discharge limits, particularly in the United States, as well as reliance on use of ballast water exchange pending development and adoption of rigorous science-based discharge standards. To date, numeric concentration-based discharge limits have not generally been based upon a thorough application of risk-assessment methodologies. Regulators, making decisions based on the available information and methodologies before them, have consequently established varying standards, or not established standards at all. The review and refinement of ballast water discharge standards by regulatory agencies will benefit from activity by the scientific community to improve and develop more precise risk-assessment methodologies. C1 [Albert, Ryan J.; Lishman, John M.; Saxena, Juhi R.] US EPA, Off Water, Off Wastewater Management, Permits Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Albert, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Off Wastewater Management, Permits Div, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM albert.ryan@epa.gov NR 49 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 64 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 2 BP 289 EP 300 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111ZC UT WOS:000316559800002 PM 23634581 ER PT J AU Lee, H Reusser, DA Frazier, M AF Lee, Henry, II Reusser, Deborah A. Frazier, Melanie TI Approaches to setting organism-based ballast water discharge standards SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ballast water; discharge standards; IMO treaty; invasive species; per capita invasion probability; PVA models ID POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; SPECIES INVASIONS; MARINE INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; SHIPS; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; ESTABLISHMENT AB As a vector by which foreign species invade coastal and freshwater waterbodies, ballast water discharge from ships is recognized as a major environmental threat. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) drafted an international treaty establishing ballast water discharge standards based on the number of viable organisms per volume of ballast discharge for different organism size classes. Concerns that the IMO standards are not sufficiently protective have initiated several state and national efforts in the United States to develop more stringent standards. We evaluated seven approaches to establishing discharge standards for the >50-mu m size class: (1) expert opinion/management consensus, (2) zero detectable living organisms, (3) natural invasion rates, (4) reaction-diffusion models, (5) population viability analysis (PVA) models, (6) per capita invasion probabilities (PCIP), and (7) experimental studies. Because of the difficulty in synthesizing scientific knowledge in an unbiased and transparent fashion, we recommend the use of quantitative models instead of expert opinion. The actual organism concentration associated with a "zero detectable organisms" standard is defined by the statistical rigor of its monitoring program; thus it is not clear whether such a standard is as stringent as other standards. For several reasons, the natural invasion rate, reaction-diffusion, and experimental approaches are not considered suitable for generating discharge standards. PVA models can be used to predict the likelihood of establishment of introduced species but are limited by a lack of population vital rates for species characteristic of ballast water discharges. Until such rates become available, PVA models are better suited to evaluate relative efficiency of proposed standards rather than predicting probabilities of invasion. The PCIP approach, which is based on historical invasion rates at a regional scale, appears to circumvent many of the indicated problems, although it may underestimate invasions by asexual and parthenogenic species. Further research is needed to better define propagule dose-responses, densities at which Allee effects occur, approaches to predicting the likelihood of invasion from multi-species introductions, and generation of formal comparisons of approaches using standardized scenarios. C1 [Lee, Henry, II; Frazier, Melanie] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Reusser, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM lee.henry@epa.gov FU AMI/GEOSS IAG from the U.S. EPA [DW-14-92231501-0]; AMI/GEOSS [EP08D00051]; EPA NHEERL FX We thank the following for their contributions: Richard Everett, John Lishman, and Ryan Albert provided guidance on the national and international regulations; Cheryl Brown provided advice on mathematical issues; Richard Everett, John Lishman, Ryan Albert, John Van Sickle, Nathan H. Schumaker, Scott Smith, Jody Stecher, Katharine Marko, and Robert Ozretich reviewed earlier versions; and Whitman Miller and two anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments on the manuscript. Deborah Reusser was partially funded through AMI/GEOSS IAG #DW-14-92231501-0 from the U.S. EPA. Melanie Frazier was funded through AMI/GEOSS EP08D00051 and an EPA NHEERL post-doc. This document has been reviewed in accordance with U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U. S. Geological Survey policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 42 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 2 BP 301 EP 310 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111ZC UT WOS:000316559800003 ER PT J AU Reusser, DA Lee, H Frazier, M Ruiz, GM Fofonoff, PW Minton, MS Miller, AW AF Reusser, Deborah A. Lee, Henry, II Frazier, Melanie Ruiz, Gregory M. Fofonoff, Paul W. Minton, Mark S. Miller, A. Whitman TI Per capita invasion probabilities: an empirical model to predict rates of invasion via ballast water SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aquatic invaders; ballast water discharge; IMO standards; invasion probabilities; propagule pressure ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; MARINE COMMUNITIES; NORTH-AMERICA; ESTUARINE; ECOLOGY; PATTERN; SHIPS; RISK; SEA AB Ballast water discharges are a major source of species introductions into marine and estuarine ecosystems. To mitigate the introduction of new invaders into these ecosystems, many agencies are proposing standards that establish upper concentration limits for organisms in ballast discharge. Ideally, ballast discharge standards will be biologically defensible and adequately protective of the marine environment. We propose a new technique, the per capita invasion probability (PCIP), for managers to quantitatively evaluate the relative risk of different concentration-based ballast water discharge standards. PCIP represents the likelihood that a single discharged organism will become established as a new nonindigenous species. This value is calculated by dividing the total number of ballast water invaders per year by the total number of organisms discharged from ballast. Analysis was done at the coast-wide scale for the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts, as well as the Great Lakes, to reduce uncertainty due to secondary invasions between estuaries on a single coast. The PCIP metric is then used to predict the rate of new ballast-associated invasions given various regulatory scenarios. Depending upon the assumptions used in the risk analysis, this approach predicts that approximately one new species will invade every 10-100 years with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) discharge standard of >10 organisms with body size >50 mu m per m 3 of ballast. This approach resolves many of the limitations associated with other methods of establishing ecologically sound discharge standards, and it allows policy makers to use risk-based methodologies to establish biologically defensible discharge standards. C1 [Reusser, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Reusser, Deborah A.] Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Lee, Henry, II; Frazier, Melanie] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Ruiz, Gregory M.; Fofonoff, Paul W.; Minton, Mark S.; Miller, A. Whitman] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Reusser, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM dreusser@usgs.gov OI Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X; Minton, Mark/0000-0002-9439-4930; Miller, Whitman/0000-0003-0484-182X FU Department of Defense Legacy Program; National Sea Grant Program; Smithsonian Institution; U.S. EPA [AMI/GEOSS EP08D00051] FX The collection and compilation of the invasion data were supported by past funding: Department of Defense Legacy Program, National Sea Grant Program, and the Smithsonian Institution. Melanie R. Frazier's contributions were partially funded by a U.S. EPA post-doc (AMI/GEOSS EP08D00051). Sampling data were also provided by Stephan Gollasch to assist in identifying the range of organism concentrations found in sampled ballast water. This publication was subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division of the EPA, and the Western Fisheries Research Center of USGS, and is approved for publication. However, approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the U.S. EPA. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader; such use does not constitute official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior, the U.S. Geological Survey, or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 39 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 2 BP 321 EP 330 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111ZC UT WOS:000316559800005 PM 23634584 ER PT J AU Frazier, M Miller, AW Lee, H Reusser, DA AF Frazier, Melanie Miller, A. Whitman Lee, Henry, II Reusser, Deborah A. TI Counting at low concentrations: the statistical challenges of verifying ballast water discharge standards SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ballast water discharge; Clean Water Act; IMO; invasive species; NIS; performance standards; Poisson distribution ID INTRODUCTIONS AB Discharge from the ballast tanks of ships is one of the primary vectors of nonindigenous species in marine environments. To mitigate this environmental and economic threat, international, national, and state entities are establishing regulations to limit the concentration of living organisms that may be discharged from the ballast tanks of ships. The proposed discharge standards have ranged from zero detectable organisms to <10 organisms/m(3). If standard sampling methods are used, verifying whether ballast discharge complies with these stringent standards will be challenging due to the inherent stochasticity of sampling. Furthermore, at low concentrations, very large volumes of water must be sampled to find enough organisms to accurately estimate concentration. Despite these challenges, adequate sampling protocols comprise a critical aspect of establishing standards because they help define the actual risk level associated with a standard. A standard that appears very stringent may be effectively lax if it is paired with an inadequate sampling protocol. We describe some of the statistical issues associated with sampling at low concentrations to help regulators understand the uncertainties of sampling as well as to inform the development of sampling protocols that ensure discharge standards are adequately implemented. C1 [Frazier, Melanie; Lee, Henry, II] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Miller, A. Whitman] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Reusser, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Frazier, M (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM frazier.melanie@epa.gov OI Miller, Whitman/0000-0003-0484-182X FU U.S. EPA [AMI/GEOSS EP08D00051]; U.S. EPA (NHEERL) FX Funding was from U.S. EPA post-docs to M. Frazier (AMI/GEOSS EP08D00051 and NHEERL). We thank Karen Blocksom, Valerie Partridge, John Van Sickle, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and discussion that helped shape this paper. We also thank Ryan Albert, Richard Everett, John Lishman, Robert J. Ozretich, Gregory Ruiz, and Jody Stecher for their valuable comments, error discovery, and general editing. This document has been reviewed in accordance with U. S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 2 BP 339 EP 351 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111ZC UT WOS:000316559800007 PM 23634586 ER PT J AU Babbar-Sebens, M Barr, RC Tedesco, LP Anderson, M AF Babbar-Sebens, Meghna Barr, Robert C. Tedesco, Lenore P. Anderson, Milo TI Spatial identification and optimization of upland wetlands in agricultural watersheds SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Wetlands; Simulation-optimization; Hydrology; Geographic information systems ID SOIL-LANDSCAPE; RESTORATION; MODEL; MANAGEMENT; ATTRIBUTES; SIMULATION; SITES AB Wetland ecosystems are considered as potential ecological solutions for increasing the capacity of watersheds to store runoff waters upstream, and thereby, decrease risk of downstream flooding. Especially in tile-drained agricultural landscapes, wetlands constructed to intercept these tiles can serve as storage basins for agricultural runoff, leading to both reduction in peak runoff flows and diminished transport of agricultural nutrients. The objective of this study was to develop a watershed-scale methodology for identifying potential sites for wetlands in a tile-drained landscape in the Midwestern USA, and for optimizing the spatial distribution of these wetlands for reductions in peak runoff flows. The benefits of this methodology is demonstrated by using it for selecting appropriate wetland restoration and/or creation sites in Eagle Creek Watershed (ECW), located 10 miles northwest of Indianapolis, IN, USA. Results show that a large number of potential sites could be identified (e.g., 2953 sites in ECW), and with a choice of effective wetland design parameters and with spatial optimization of their areas, locations, and drainage areas, it is possible to achieve significant peak flow reductions with fewer sites and smaller wetlands. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Babbar-Sebens, Meghna] Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Barr, Robert C.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Ctr Earth & Environm Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46228 USA. [Tedesco, Lenore P.] Wetlands Inst, Stone Harbor, NJ USA. [Anderson, Milo] US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Babbar-Sebens, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM meghna@oregonstate.edu RI Babbar-Sebens, Meghna/M-4347-2013 FU Indiana State Department of Agriculture [A337-9-PSC-002]; National Science Foundation [1014693, 0910812]; Veolia Water FX We would like to thank the Indiana State Department of Agriculture (Award # A337-9-PSC-002), and National Science Foundation (Award #1014693, Award# 0910812) for funding various components of this research. The presented work was carried out in the frame of the KWB research project Aquisafe 2. A portion of the project was funded by Veolia Water. We also would like to thank the various soil scientists at the Indiana Office of the Natural Resource Conservation Service, and various collaborators (colleagues at Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin, and at Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis) who assisted in the completion of this work. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 52 BP 130 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.085 PG 13 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 115QO UT WOS:000316827200017 ER PT J AU Govindaraju, RS McCuen, RH Hantush, M AF Govindaraju, Rao S. McCuen, Richard H. Hantush, Mohamed TI Looking to the Future of Hydrologic Engineering SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Govindaraju, Rao S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McCuen, Richard H.] Univ Maryland, Civil & Environm Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hantush, Mohamed] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Govindaraju, RS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM govind@.purdue.edu; rhmccuen@eng.umd.edu; Hantush.Mohamed@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 18 IS 3 BP 297 EP 298 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000758 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 111ZQ UT WOS:000316561400001 ER PT J AU Calfee, MW Lee, SD Ryan, SP AF Calfee, M. Worth Lee, Sang Don Ryan, Shawn P. TI A rapid and repeatable method to deposit bioaerosols on material surfaces SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Aerosol deposition; Surface sampling; Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; Biological agent ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS SPORES; GEOBACILLUS-STEAROTHERMOPHILUS SPORES; SAMPLE COLLECTION METHOD; NONPOROUS SURFACES; RECOVERY EFFICIENCY; SWAB PROTOCOL; DECONTAMINATION; SUBTILIS; AEROSOLIZATION; INACTIVATION AB A simple method for repeatably inoculating surfaces with a precise quantity of aerosolized spores was developed. Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the variability of the method within and between experiments, the spatial distribution of spore deposition, the applicability of the method to complex surface types, and the relationship between material surface roughness and spore recoveries. Surface concentrations, as estimated by recoveries from wetted-wipe sampling, were between 5 x 10(3) and 1.5 x 10(4) CFU cm(-2) across the entire area (930 cm(2)) inoculated. Between-test variability (C-v) in spore recoveries was 40%, 81%, 66%, and 20% for stainless steel, concrete, wood, and drywall, respectively. Within-test variability was lower, and did not exceed 33%, 47%, 52%, and 20% for these materials. The data demonstrate that this method is repeatable, is effective at depositing spores across a target surface area, and can be used to dose complex materials such as concrete, wood, and drywall. In addition, the data demonstrate that surface sampling recoveries vary by material type, and this variability can partially be explained by the material surface roughness index. This deposition method was developed for use in biological agent detection, sampling, and decontamination studies, however, is potentially beneficial to any scientific discipline that investigates surfaces containing aerosol-borne particles. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Calfee, M. Worth; Lee, Sang Don; Ryan, Shawn P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Calfee, MW (reprint author), US EPA, MD E343-06 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM calfee.worth@epa.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD MAR PY 2013 VL 92 IS 3 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.01.015 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 111PG UT WOS:000316532600027 PM 23384827 ER PT J AU Tehrani, NC D'Sa, EJ Osburn, CL Bianchi, TS Schaeffer, BA AF Tehrani, Nazanin Chaichi D'Sa, Eurico J. Osburn, Christopher L. Bianchi, Thomas S. Schaeffer, Blake A. TI Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter and Dissolved Organic Carbon from Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and MERIS Sensors: Case Study for the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE CDOM; DOC; SeaWiFS; MODIS; MERIS ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; CAPILLARY WAVE-GUIDE; OCEAN COLOR; COASTAL WATERS; BIOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FRESH-WATER; IN-SITU; ABSORPTION; SHELF AB Empirical band ratio algorithms for the estimation of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) for Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and MERIS ocean color sensors were assessed and developed for the northern Gulf of Mexico. Match-ups between in situ measurements of CDOM absorption coefficients at 412 nm (a(CDOM)(412)) with that derived from SeaWiFS were examined using two previously reported reflectance band ratio algorithms. Results indicate better performance using the R-rs(510)/R-rs(555) (Bias = -0.045; RMSE = 0.23; SI = 0.49, and R-2 = 0.66) than the R-rs(490)/R-rs(555) reflectance band ratio algorithm. Further, a comparison of a(CDOM)(412) retrievals using the R-rs(488)/R-rs(555) for MODIS and R-rs(510)/R-rs(560) for MERIS reflectance band ratios revealed better CDOM retrievals with MERIS data. Since DOC cannot be measured directly by remote sensors, CDOM as the colored component of DOC is utilized as a proxy to estimate DOC remotely. A seasonal relationship between CDOM and DOC was established for the summer and spring-winter with high correlation for both periods (R-2 similar to 0.9). Seasonal band ratio empirical algorithms to estimate DOC were thus developed using the relationships between CDOM-R-rs and seasonal CDOM-DOC for SeaWiFS, MODIS and MERIS. Results of match-up comparisons revealed DOC estimates by both MODIS and MERIS to be relatively more accurate during summer time, while both of them underestimated DOC during spring-winter time. A better DOC estimate from MERIS in comparison to MODIS in spring-winter could be attributed to its similarity with the SeaWiFS band ratio CDOM algorithm. C1 [Tehrani, Nazanin Chaichi; D'Sa, Eurico J.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Osburn, Christopher L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bianchi, Thomas S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Schaeffer, Blake A.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP D'Sa, EJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM nchaichi@gmail.com; ejdsa@lsu.edu; closburn@ncsu.edu; tbianchi@geos.tamu.edu; schaeffer.blake@epamail.epa.gov FU NASA [NNX09AR7OG, NNA07CN12A]; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management [1435-0104CA32806] FX The authors acknowledge support provided by a NASA grant NNX09AR7OG. E. D'Sa acknowledges partial support from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Cooperative Agreement (1435-0104CA32806) and a NASA grant (NNA07CN12A). NR 61 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 40 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 5 IS 3 BP 1439 EP 1464 DI 10.3390/rs5031439 PG 26 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 112RY UT WOS:000316612000022 ER PT J AU Song, P Xue, JP Li, ZL AF Song, Peng Xue, Jianping Li, Zhilin TI Simulation of Longitudinal Exposure Data with Variance-Covariance Structures Based on Mixed Models SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Autocorrelation; longitudinal data; mixed models; simulation; variance-covariance structure ID CHILDREN; VARIABILITY; PLAYSETS; DECKS AB Longitudinal data are important in exposure and risk assessments, especially for pollutants with long half-lives in the human body and where chronic exposures to current levels in the environment raise concerns for human health effects. It is usually difficult and expensive to obtain large longitudinal data sets for human exposure studies. This article reports a new simulation method to generate longitudinal data with flexible numbers of subjects and days. Mixed models are used to describe the variance-covariance structures of input longitudinal data. Based on estimated model parameters, simulation data are generated with similar statistical characteristics compared to the input data. Three criteria are used to determine similarity: the overall mean and standard deviation, the variance components percentages, and the average autocorrelation coefficients. Upon the discussion of mixed models, a simulation procedure is produced and numerical results are shown through one human exposure study. Simulations of three sets of exposure data successfully meet above criteria. In particular, simulations can always retain correct weights of inter- and intrasubject variances as in the input data. Autocorrelations are also well followed. Compared with other simulation algorithms, this new method stores more information about the input overall distribution so as to satisfy the above multiple criteria for statistical targets. In addition, it generates values from numerous data sources and simulates continuous observed variables better than current data methods. This new method also provides flexible options in both modeling and simulation procedures according to various user requirements. C1 [Song, Peng] N Carolina State Univ, Operat Res Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Xue, Jianping] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Li, Zhilin] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Res Sci Computat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Li, Zhilin] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Xue, JP (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM xue.jianping@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP09D000645]; ARO [550694-MA]; AFSOR [FA9550-12-1-0188]; NSF [DMS-0911434]; NIH [096195-01] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under contract EP09D000645. The third author is supported partially by ARO Grants 550694-MA, AFSOR Grant FA9550-12-1-0188, NSF Grant DMS-0911434, and the NIH Grant 096195-01. We gratefully acknowledge the careful manuscript reviews provided by Valerie Zartarian, Andrew Geller, Thomas McCurdy, and Kristin Isaacs from U.S. EPA. We also benefited from the following individuals for their useful guides and kind help on this study: Huixia Wang, Jason Osborne, Weining Shen, and Dehan Kong, all from Department of Statistics in North Carolina State University. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 33 IS 3 BP 469 EP 479 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01869.x PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 109BJ UT WOS:000316339800013 PM 22817762 ER PT J AU Sanders, EC Yuan, YP Pitchford, A AF Sanders, Emily C. Yuan, Yongping Pitchford, Ann TI Fecal Coliform and E. coli Concentrations in Effluent-Dominated Streams of the Upper Santa Cruz Watershed SO WATER LA English DT Article DE fecal indicator bacteria; Escherichia coli; fecal coliforms; water reuse; Santa Cruz River; Upper Santa Cruz watershed; effluent-dominated ID WASTE-WATER; QUALITY; HEALTH; STORMWATER; PARADIGM; MARKERS AB This study assesses the water quality of the Upper Santa Cruz Watershed in southern Arizona in terms of fecal coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria concentrations discharged as treated effluent and from nonpoint sources into the Santa Cruz River and surrounding tributaries. The objectives were to (1) assess the water quality in the Upper Santa Cruz Watershed in terms of fecal coliform and E. coli by comparing the available data to the water quality criteria established by Arizona, (2) to provide insights into fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) response to the hydrology of the watershed and (3) to identify if point sources or nonpoint sources are the major contributors of FIB in the stream. Assessment of the available wastewater treatment plant treated effluent data and in-stream sampling data indicate that water quality criteria for E. coli and fecal coliform in recreational waters are exceeded at all locations of the Santa Cruz River. For the wastewater discharge, 13%-15% of sample concentrations exceeded the 800 colony forming units (cfu) per 100 mL sample maximum for fecal coliform and 29% of samples exceeded the full body contact standard of 235 cfu/100 mL established for E. coli; while for the in-stream grab samples, 16%-34% of sample concentrations exceeded the 800 cfu/100 mL sample maximum for fecal coliforms and 34%-75% of samples exceeded the full body contact standard of 235 cfu/100 mL established for E. coli. Elevated fecal coliform and E. coli concentrations were positively correlated with periods of increased streamflow from rainfall. FIB concentrations observed in-stream are significantly greater (p-value < 0.0002) than wastewater treatment plants effluent concentrations; therefore, water quality managers should focus on nonpoint sources to reduce overall fecal indicator loads. Findings indicate that fecal coliform and E. coli concentrations are highly variable, especially along urban streams and generally increase with streamflow and precipitation events. Occurrences of peaks in FIB concentrations during baseflow conditions indicate that further assessment of ecological factors such as interaction with sediment, regrowth, and source tracking are important to watershed management. C1 [Sanders, Emily C.; Yuan, Yongping; Pitchford, Ann] US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Yuan, YP (reprint author), US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, 944 East Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM sanders.emily@epamail.epa.gov; yuan.yongping@epamail.epa.gov; pitchford.ann@epamail.epa.gov NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 40 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD MAR PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 243 EP 261 DI 10.3390/w5010243 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 112SS UT WOS:000316614300010 ER PT J AU Felker-Quinn, E Schweitzer, JA Bailey, JK AF Felker-Quinn, Emmi Schweitzer, Jennifer A. Bailey, Joseph K. TI Meta-analysis reveals evolution in invasive plant species but little support for Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability (EICA) SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Defense tradeoffs; evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA); herbivory; introduced range; invasive plant species; plant defense; rapid evolution; selective agents ID INTRODUCED POPULATIONS; SOLIDAGO-GIGANTEA; RAPID EVOLUTION; NO EVIDENCE; MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; SPECIALIST HERBIVORES; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; ALLIARIA-PETIOLATA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CHEMICAL DEFENSES AB Ecological explanations for the success and persistence of invasive species vastly outnumber evolutionary hypotheses, yet evolution is a fundamental process in the success of any species. The Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability (EICA) hypothesis (Blossey and Notzold 1995) proposes that evolutionary change in response to release from coevolved herbivores is responsible for the success of many invasive plant species. Studies that evaluate this hypothesis have used different approaches to test whether invasive populations allocate fewer resources to defense and more to growth and competitive ability than do source populations, with mixed results. We conducted a meta-analysis of experimental tests of evolutionary change in the context of EICA. In contrast to previous reviews, there was no support across invasive species for EICA's predictions regarding defense or competitive ability, although invasive populations were more productive than conspecific native populations under noncompetitive conditions. We found broad support for genetically based changes in defense and competitive plant traits after introduction into new ranges, but not in the manner suggested by EICA. This review suggests that evolution occurs as a result of plant introduction and population expansion in invasive plant species, and may contribute to the invasiveness and persistence of some introduced species. C1 [Felker-Quinn, Emmi; Schweitzer, Jennifer A.; Bailey, Joseph K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Felker-Quinn, E (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Felker-Quinn.Emmi@epa.gov FU Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Tennessee FX This study was supported by The Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Tennessee. NR 79 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 14 U2 234 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 3 IS 3 BP 739 EP 751 DI 10.1002/ece3.488 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 106EB UT WOS:000316124100024 PM 23531703 ER PT J AU Kreiling, RM Schubauer-Berigan, JP Richardson, WB Bartsch, LA Hughes, PE Cavanaugh, JC Strauss, EA AF Kreiling, Rebecca M. Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P. Richardson, William B. Bartsch, Lynn A. Hughes, Peter E. Cavanaugh, Jennifer C. Strauss, Eric A. TI Wetland Management Reduces Sediment and Nutrient Loading to the Upper Mississippi River SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WATER-QUALITY; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; DENITRIFICATION; BASIN; NITRIFICATION; RETENTION; HYPOXIA; NITRATE AB Restored riparian wetlands in the Upper Mississippi River basin have potential to remove sediment and nutrients from tributaries before they flow into the Mississippi River. For 3 yr we calculated retention efficiencies of a marsh complex, which consisted of a restored marsh and an adjacent natural marsh that were connected to Halfway Creek, a small tributary of the Mississippi. We measured sediment, N, and P removal through a mass balance budget approach, N removal through denitrification, and N and P removal through mechanical soil excavation. The marsh complex had average retention rates of approximately 30 Mg sediment ha(-1) yr(-1), 26 kg total N ha(-1) yr(-1), and 20 kg total P ha(-1) yr(-1). Water flowed into the restored marsh only during high-discharge events. Although the majority of retention occurred in the natural marsh, portions of the natural marsh were hydrologically disconnected at low discharge due to historical over-bank sedimentation. The natural marsh removed >60% of sediment, >10% of P, and >5% of N loads (except the first year, when it was a N source). The marsh complex was a source of NH4+ and soluble reactive P. The average denitrification rate for the marsh complex was 2.88 mg N m(-2) h(-1). Soil excavation removed 3600 Mg of sediment, 5.6 Mg of N, and 2.7 Mg of P from the restored marsh. The marsh complex was effective in removing sediment and nutrients from storm flows; however, retention could be increased if more water was diverted into both restored and natural marshes before entering the river. C1 [Kreiling, Rebecca M.; Richardson, William B.; Bartsch, Lynn A.] Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, USGS, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hughes, Peter E.] Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, USGS, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Cavanaugh, Jennifer C.] USDA NRCS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Strauss, Eric A.] Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP Kreiling, RM (reprint author), Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, USGS, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM rkreiling@usgs.gov RI Strauss, Eric/G-3368-2013; OI Strauss, Eric/0000-0002-3134-2535; Kreiling, Rebecca/0000-0002-9295-4156 FU USEPA [DW14996301]; USGS [DW14996301]; Long-Term Resource Monitoring component of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program FX We thank Robert Kennedy, Matt Morrison, Adam Balz, Reid Northwick, Tammy Yeldon, Alex Schroeder, and Alyssa Standorf for their tireless efforts in the field and laboratory. Nick Hanson and Tim Hanson from the USGS in Middleton, WI, were responsible for operation of the gage equipment and for computation of the stream flow records. Jim Nissen from the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided access to the Halfway Creek Marsh Complex. Carol Lowenberg provided graphic support. Reviews by Christopher Craft, John Barko, Barry Johnson, and two anonymous reviewers substantially improved this manuscript. This work was funded by an Interagency Agreement between the USEPA and the USGS (DW14996301) and was partially supported by the Long-Term Resource Monitoring component of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program. Th e views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USEPA. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 54 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 42 IS 2 BP 573 EP 583 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0248 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 103TS UT WOS:000315942600030 PM 23673850 ER PT J AU Meyer, M Kesic, MJ Clarke, J Ho, E Simmen, RCM Diaz-Sanchez, D Noah, TL Jaspers, I AF Meyer, Megan Kesic, Matthew J. Clarke, John Ho, Emily Simmen, Rosalia C. M. Diaz-Sanchez, David Noah, Terry L. Jaspers, Ilona TI Sulforaphane induces SLPI secretion in the nasal mucosa SO RESPIRATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE SLPI; Sulforaphane; Nasal mucosa ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; EMPHYSEMA; RESPONSES AB Cells lining the respiratory tract are equipped with mechanisms that dampen the effects of oxidative stress. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a mediator involved in regulating oxidative stress. Recent data indicate Nrf2 also controls expression of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI). Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, enhances Nrf2 activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that SFN supplementation induces SLPI secretion in the nasal mucosa in an Nrf2 dependent manner. Healthy nonsmoking adults ingested SFN-containing broccoli shake homogenate (BSH) for 3 consecutive days. Nasal lavage fluid (NLF) was collected before and after BSH ingestion and analyzed for SLPI protein levels. In follow up in vitro experiments, differentiated primary nasal epithelial cells were used to evaluate the relationship between SFN, Nrf2, and SLPI. Epithelial cells were transduced with Nrf2-specific shRNA to examine the regulatory role of Nrf2 on SLPI expression. Supplementation with BSH significantly increased SLPI levels in NLF. SFN supplementation in vitro significantly enhanced SLPI secretion and these effects were significantly decreased in cells transduced with Nrf2-specific shRNA. Our data support a relationship between nutritional supplementation, Nrf2 activation, and SLPI secretion. Therefore, ingestion of SFN-containing foods has therapeutic potential to augment SLPI expression in the nasal mucosa. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Meyer, Megan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Kesic, Matthew J.; Noah, Terry L.; Jaspers, Ilona] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Clarke, John; Ho, Emily] Oregon State Univ, Sch Biol & Populat Hlth Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ho, Emily] Oregon State Univ, Linus Pauling Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Simmen, Rosalia C. M.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Simmen, Rosalia C. M.] Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR USA. [Diaz-Sanchez, David] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Noah, Terry L.; Jaspers, Ilona] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Jaspers, I (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Ilona_jaspers@med.unc.edu FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [R01HL095163]; National Institute of Health [R01CA122906]; National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences [R01ES013611, P30 ES00210]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR83346301]; Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill FX We thank M. Brighton, P. Murphy, and M. Herbst for expert technical assistance. We thank the NC TraCS Institute CTRC Nutrition Research and Biometabolism Team for preparing the BSH. This study was supported by grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL095163), the National Institute of Health (R01CA122906), and the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES013611, P30 ES00210). This article has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through cooperative agreement CR83346301 with the Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, but does not reflect the official views of the agency and has not been subjected to the agency's required peer and policy review. No official endorsement should be inferred. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0954-6111 EI 1532-3064 J9 RESP MED JI Respir. Med. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 107 IS 3 BP 472 EP 475 DI 10.1016/j.rmed.2012.11.006 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System GA 106RU UT WOS:000316163200020 PM 23195333 ER PT J AU Lu, P Fu, Q Seyfried, WE Hedges, SW Soong, Y Jones, K Zhu, C AF Lu, Peng Fu, Qi Seyfried, William E., Jr. Hedges, Sheila W. Soong, Yee Jones, Kyle Zhu, Chen TI Coupled alkali feldspar dissolution and secondary mineral precipitation in batch systems-2: New experiments with supercritical CO2 and implications for carbon sequestration SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLUTION SATURATION STATE; DEEP SALINE AQUIFERS; GIBBS FREE-ENERGY; 200 DEGREES-C; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; REACTION-RATES; REACTION PATHS; NORTH-SEA; LABRADORITE DISSOLUTION; SEDIMENTARY BASINS AB In order to evaluate the extent of CO2-water-rock interactions in geological formations for C sequestration, three batch experiments were conducted on alkali feldspars-CO2-brine interactions at 150-200 degrees C and 300 bars. The elevated temperatures were necessary to accelerate the reactions to facilitate attainable laboratory measurements. Temporal evolution of fluid chemistry was monitored by major element analysis of in situ fluid samples. SEM, TEM and XRD analysis of reaction products showed extensive dissolution features (etch pits, channels, kinks and steps) on feldspars and precipitation of secondary minerals (boehmite, kaolinite, muscovite and paragonite) on feldspar surfaces. Therefore, these experiments have generated both solution chemistry and secondary mineral identity. The experimental results show that partial equilibrium was not attained between secondary minerals and aqueous solutions for the feldspar hydrolysis batch systems. Evidence came from both solution chemistry (supersaturation of the secondary minerals during the entire experimental duration) and metastable co-existence of secondary minerals. The slow precipitation of secondary minerals results in a negative feedback in the dissolution-precipitation loop, reducing the overall feldspar dissolution rates by orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the experimental data indicate the form of rate laws greatly influence the steady state rates under which feldspar dissolution took place. Negligence of both the mitigating effects of secondary mineral precipitation and the sigmoidal shape of rate-Delta G(r) relationship can overestimate the extent of feldspar dissolution during CO2 storage. Finally, the literature on feldspar dissolution in CO2-charged systems has been reviewed. The data available are insufficient and new experiments are urgently needed to establish a database on feldspar dissolution mechanism, rates and rate laws, as well as secondary mineral information at CO2 storage conditions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lu, Peng; Zhu, Chen] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Fu, Qi; Seyfried, William E., Jr.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hedges, Sheila W.; Soong, Yee] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Jones, Kyle] US EPA, Ada, OK 74821 USA. RP Zhu, C (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM chenzhu@indiana.edu RI Zhu, Chen/A-5356-2010 OI Zhu, Chen/0000-0001-5374-6787 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG26-04NT42125, DE-FE0004381]; NSF [EAR-0509755]; Fulbright scholarship FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DE-FG26-04NT42125 and DE-FE0004381. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material, however, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Government or any agency thereof. We appreciate the TEM analysis by Hiromi Konishi and Huifang Xu. Chen Zhu would like to thank NSF Grants EAR-0509755 and a Fulbright scholarship to Norway. NR 109 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 61 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 30 BP 75 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.04.005 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 098VG UT WOS:000315576600008 ER PT J AU Weilhoefer, CL Nelson, WG Clinton, P Beugli, DM AF Weilhoefer, Christine L. Nelson, Walter G. Clinton, Patrick Beugli, David M. TI Environmental Determinants of Emergent Macrophyte Vegetation in Pacific Northwest Estuarine Tidal Wetlands SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Land use; Salinity gradients; Species diversity; Vegetation cover; Wetlands; USA; Oregon ID ENGLAND SALT MARSHES; PLANT ZONATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; LAND-USE; MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITIES; SPECIES RICHNESS; PATTERNS; MARITIMA; CONSERVATION; COMPETITION AB We investigated whether within wetland environmental conditions or surrounding land cover measured at multiple scales were more influential in structuring regional vegetation patterns in estuarine tidal wetlands in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Surrounding land cover was characterized at the 100, 250, and 1,000 m, and watershed buffer scales. Vegetation communities were characterized by high species richness, lack of monotypic zonation, and paucity of invasive species. The number of species per site ranged between 4 and 20 (mean +/- standard deviation = 10.2 +/- 3.1). Sites supported a high richness (mean richness of native species 8.7 +/- 2.8) and abundance of native macrophytes (mean relative abundance 85 % +/- 19 %). Vegetation assemblages were dominated by a mix of grasses, sedges, and herbs with Sarcocornia pacifica and Distichlis spicata being common at sites in the oceanic zone of the estuary and Carex lyngbyei and Agrostis stolonifera being common at the fresher sites throughout the study area. The vegetation community was most strongly correlated with salinity and land cover within close proximity to the study site and less so with land cover variables at the watershed scale. Total species richness and richness of native species were negatively correlated with the amount of wetland in the buffer at all scales, while abundance of invasive species was significantly correlated to within wetland factors, including salinity and dissolved phosphorus concentrations. Landscape factors related to anthropogenic disturbances were only important at the 100-m buffer scale, with anthropogenic disturbances further from the wetland not being influential in shaping the vegetation assemblage. Our research suggests that the traditional paradigms of tidal wetland vegetation structure and environmental determinants developed in east coast US tidal wetlands might not hold true for Pacific Northwest wetlands due to their unique chemical and physical factors, necessitating further detailed study of these systems. C1 [Weilhoefer, Christine L.; Nelson, Walter G.; Clinton, Patrick] US EPA, Pacific Coast Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Beugli, David M.] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Weilhoefer, CL (reprint author), Univ Portland, Dept Biol, 5000 N Willamette Blvd, Portland, OR 97203 USA. EM weilhoef@up.edu NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 2 BP 377 EP 389 DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9569-9 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104SL UT WOS:000316015000011 ER PT J AU Kreis, RG Andresen, NA Julius, ML Kociolek, JP Stevenson, RJ Theriot, EC Tuchman, ML Wolin, JA AF Kreis, Russell G., Jr. Andresen, Norman A. Julius, Matthew L. Kociolek, J. Patrick Stevenson, R. Jan Theriot, Edward C. Tuchman, Marc L. Wolin, Julie A. TI Eugene Filmore Stoermer (March 7, 1934-February 17, 2012) Obituary SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Kreis, Russell G., Jr.; Tuchman, Marc L.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Andresen, Norman A.] Andresen Consulting LLC, Boston, MA USA. [Julius, Matthew L.] St Cloud State Univ, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Kociolek, J. Patrick] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stevenson, R. Jan] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Theriot, Edward C.] Univ Texas, Austin, TX USA. [Wolin, Julie A.] Cleveland State Univ, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. RP Kreis, RG (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/S0380-1330(13)00019-1 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 099GM UT WOS:000315609500001 ER PT J AU Fann, N Risley, D AF Fann, Neal Risley, David TI The public health context for PM2.5 and ozone air quality trends SO AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Air quality trends; Ozone; PM2.5; Health impacts ID URBAN AREAS; MORTALITY; POLLUTION; US; BENEFITS; METAANALYSIS; ASSOCIATION; EXPOSURE; PROGRAM; CITIES AB Tropospheric ozone (O-3) and particulate matter (PM2.5) are associated with adverse health effects, including premature mortality. Regulation of these pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency has resulted in significant improvements in air quality over the last decade, as demonstrated by a national network of air quality monitors. However, ambient trends provide limited information regarding either the change in population exposure to these pollutants or how fluctuations in the levels of these pollutants might affect public health. We leverage the spatially and temporally extensive monitoring network in the US to estimate the improvements to public health associated with monitored air quality changes over a 7-year period. We estimate the impacts of monitored changes in ozone and PM2.5 on premature mortality using health impact functions based on short-term relative risk estimates for O-3 and long-term relative risk estimates for PM2.5. We spatially interpolate the O-3 and PM2.5 data and utilize ozone air quality data that are adjusted for meteorological variability. We estimate that reductions in monitored PM2.5 and ozone from 2000 to 2007 are associated with 22,000-60,000 PM2.5 and 880-4,100 ozone net avoided premature mortalities. The change in estimated premature mortality can be highly variable from 1 year to the next, sometimes by thousands of deaths. The estimate of avoided ozone-related mortalities is sensitive to the use of meteorologically-adjusted air quality inputs. Certain locations, including Los Angeles and Houston see an opposing trend between mortality impacts attributable to ozone and PM2.5.We find that improving air quality over the past 7 years has reduced premature mortality significantly. C1 [Fann, Neal] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Risk & Benefits Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Risley, David] US EPA, Off Atmospher Programs, Clean Markets Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Fann, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Risk & Benefits Grp, Mail Drop C439-02,104 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM fann.neal@epa.gov OI Fann, Neal/0000-0002-6724-8575 NR 33 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 89 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1873-9318 J9 AIR QUAL ATMOS HLTH JI Air Qual. Atmos. Health PD MAR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/s11869-010-0125-0 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 095TO UT WOS:000315357800001 ER PT J AU Baxter, LK Franklin, M Ozkaynak, H Schultz, BD Neas, LM AF Baxter, Lisa K. Franklin, Meredith Oezkaynak, Haluk Schultz, Bradley D. Neas, Lucas M. TI The use of improved exposure factors in the interpretation of fine particulate matter epidemiological results SO AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Personal exposures; Ambient exposures; Fine particulate matter; Air pollution epidemiology ID AIR EXCHANGE-RATES; NORTH-CAROLINA; AMBIENT PM2.5; UNITED-STATES; INDOOR AIR; MORTALITY; POLLUTION; MODEL; ASSOCIATION; COMMUNITIES AB Multi-city population-based epidemiological studies have consistently reported a significant association between ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations and daily mortality. However, in these studies heterogeneity between-community effect estimates is often observed but not thoroughly examined, leaving much of the difference in the effects of individual communities inadequately explained. In this study, we evaluated whether community-specific exposure factors play a role in explaining heterogeneity in the associations between ambient PM2.5 concentrations and several causes of mortality in 27 US communities from 1997 to 2002 as reported by Franklin et al. (J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 3:279-287, 2007). Using publically available databases, we created factors capturing home ventilation characteristics and commuting patterns. These factors include the normalized leakage, annual and seasonal temperatures, and in-vehicle commuting distances and time. In-vehicle commuting distance and time, and annual, spring, and fall temperatures were significant negative effect modifiers of the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and respiratory and non-accidental mortality. Additionally, cardiovascular mortality PM2.5 effect estimates were negatively modified by in-vehicle commuting distances. We concluded that future multi-community studies of particle health effects should consider these and other determinants of personal-ambient exposure relationships during the epidemiological analysis. C1 [Baxter, Lisa K.; Oezkaynak, Haluk; Schultz, Bradley D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Franklin, Meredith] Univ Chicago, Dept Stat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Neas, Lucas M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Baxter, LK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM baxter.lisa@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1873-9318 J9 AIR QUAL ATMOS HLTH JI Air Qual. Atmos. Health PD MAR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s11869-011-0160-5 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 095TO UT WOS:000315357800017 ER PT J AU Kimbrough, S Baldauf, RW Hagler, GSW Shores, RC Mitchell, W Whitaker, DA Croghan, CW Vallero, DA AF Kimbrough, Sue Baldauf, Richard W. Hagler, Gayle S. W. Shores, Richard C. Mitchell, William Whitaker, Donald A. Croghan, Carry W. Vallero, Daniel A. TI Long-term continuous measurement of near-road air pollution in Las Vegas: seasonal variability in traffic emissions impact on local air quality SO AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Motor vehicles; Traffic emissions; Criteria air pollutants; Near-source ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; LOS-ANGELES; HIGHWAY; TRENDS AB Excess air pollution along roadways is an issue of public health concern to Federal, State, and local government environmental agencies and the public. This concern was the motivation for a long-term study to measure levels of air pollutants at various distances from a roadway in Las Vegas, Nevada. This study represents a joint effort between the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration. Measurements of air pollutants-including carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NO, NO2, NOX), and black carbon (BC)-were conducted concurrently at four distances from a major interstate (206,000 vehicles per day) for an entire year. With prevailing winds from the west, concentrations of all measured species at 20 m from the highway were significantly higher (non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals) than levels 300 m from the road. In addition, CO, NOX, and BC measured at 100 m from the road on the prevailing downwind side of the road were significantly higher than 100 m on the opposite side of the road. The disproportionate impact of the roadway emissions on the eastern side of the highway points to the importance of local meteorology in determining the extent of near-road impact. When isolating only time periods with winds from due west (+/- 60A degrees), CO, NO2, NOX, and BC levels at 20 m east of the highway were 60%, 46%, 122%, and 127% higher, respectively, than the concurrent measurements at the upwind site. Monthly average traffic volume and frequency of downwind conditions are not enough to explain the trends in monthly average excess CO at 20 m east of the road; average wind speed appears to be an important explanatory factor. The year-long extensive dataset afforded some unique data mining analyses-the maximum near-road impact (top 10% of 20 m east site minus 300 m east site) is associated with winds from the southwest to northwest, higher traffic volumes, and low wind speeds; meanwhile, the apparent maximum spatial extent in near-road impact (top 10% of 300 m east site minus to 100 m west site) occurred during evening to presunrise periods in the winter under conditions of low speed winds from due west, with moderate to low traffic volumes. This research confirms that excess air pollution associated with proximity to roads is significant over a year-long time frame and that local meteorology is a critical factor determining the extent of near-road impact. C1 [Kimbrough, Sue; Baldauf, Richard W.; Hagler, Gayle S. W.; Shores, Richard C.; Mitchell, William] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, RTP, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Whitaker, Donald A.; Croghan, Carry W.; Vallero, Daniel A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, RTP, Durham, NC 27711 USA. RP Kimbrough, S (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, RTP, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27711 USA. EM kimbrough.sue@epa.gov OI Kimbrough, Evelyn Sue/0000-0002-7246-0255 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 75 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1873-9318 J9 AIR QUAL ATMOS HLTH JI Air Qual. Atmos. Health PD MAR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.1007/s11869-012-0171-x PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 095TO UT WOS:000315357800025 ER PT J AU Bradford, DF Stanley, KA Tallent, NG Sparling, DW Nash, MS Knapp, RA McConnell, LL Simonich, SLM AF Bradford, David F. Stanley, Kerri A. Tallent, Nita G. Sparling, Donald W. Nash, Maliha S. Knapp, Roland A. McConnell, Laura L. Simonich, Staci L. Massey TI Temporal and spatial variation of atmospherically deposited organic contaminants at high elevation in yosemite national park, California, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cholinesterase; Pseudacris sierra; Sediment; Sierra Nevada; Tadpole ID SIERRA-NEVADA MOUNTAINS; CURRENT-USE PESTICIDES; AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; YELLOW-LEGGED FROGS; ALPINE LAKES; ACCUMULATION; PATTERNS; FISH; GUIDELINES; TADPOLES AB Contaminants used at low elevation, such as pesticides on crops, can be transported tens of kilometers and deposited in adjacent mountains in many parts of the world. Atmospherically deposited organic contaminants in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, USA, have exceeded some thresholds of concern, but the spatial and temporal distributions of contaminants in the mountains are not well known. The authors sampled shallow-water sediment and tadpoles (Pseudacris sierra) for pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls in four high-elevation sites in Yosemite National Park in the central Sierra Nevada twice during the summers of 2006, 2007, and 2008. Both historic- and current-use pesticides showed a striking pattern of lower concentrations in both sediment and tadpoles in Yosemite than was observed previously in SequoiaKings Canyon National Parks in the southern Sierra Nevada. By contrast, PAH concentrations in sediment were generally greater in Yosemite than in SequoiaKings Canyon. The authors suggest that pesticide concentrations tend to be greater in SequoiaKings Canyon because of a longer air flow path over agricultural lands for this park along with greater pesticide use near this park. Concentrations for DDT-related compounds in some sediment samples exceeded guidelines or critical thresholds in both parks. A general pattern of difference between Yosemite and SequoiaKings Canyon was not evident for total tadpole cholinesterase activity, an indicator of harmful exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. Variability of chemical concentrations among sites, between sampling periods within each year, and among years, contributed significantly to total variation, although the relative contributions differed between sediment and tadpoles. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:517525. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Bradford, David F.; Tallent, Nita G.; Nash, Maliha S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Stanley, Kerri A.; Simonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sparling, Donald W.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Knapp, Roland A.] Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Aquat Res Lab, Mammoth Lakes, CA USA. [McConnell, Laura L.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Simonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bradford, DF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM bradford.david@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) [DW1492238701]; National Park Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; [DW1292244701] FX We are grateful to J. Maurer for help with field sampling, to S. Thompson, A. Williams, and A. Esperanza for help in various ways, and to D. Chaloud for reviewing a previous version of the manuscript. We thank the National Park Service for their cooperation on the project and managing the cooperative agreements to support the chemical analyses. The research described herein was partially funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) through interagency agreements DW1492238701 with the National Park Service and DW1292244701 with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The article has been approved for publication by the U.S. EPA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 69 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 3 BP 517 EP 525 DI 10.1002/etc.2094 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 092KG UT WOS:000315119000006 PM 23233353 ER PT J AU Meier, JR Snyder, S Sigler, V Altfater, D Gray, M Batin, B Baumann, P Gordon, D Wernsing, P Lazorchak, J AF Meier, John R. Snyder, Steve Sigler, Victoria Altfater, Dave Gray, Mike Batin, Bill Baumann, Paul Gordon, Denise Wernsing, Paul Lazorchak, Jim TI An integrated assessment of sediment remediation in a midwestern US stream using sediment chemistry, water quality, bioassessment, and fish biomarkers SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Sediment remediation; Biological assessment; Biomarkers; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ID FIXED-WAVELENGTH FLUORESCENCE; COMET ASSAY; DNA-DAMAGE; METABOLITES; CONTAMINANTS; GENOTOXICITY; XENOBIOTICS; BULLHEADS; EXPOSURE AB A comprehensive biological, sediment, and water quality study of the lower Little Scioto River near Marion, Ohio, USA, was undertaken to evaluate the changes or improvements in biotic measurements following the removal of creosote-contaminated sediment. The study area covered 7.5 river miles (RMs), including a remediated section between RMs 6.0 and 6.8. Fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages, fish biomarkers (i.e., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [PAH] metabolite levels in white sucker [Castostomus commersoni] and common carp [Cyprinus carpio] bile and DNA damage), sediment chemistry, and water quality were assessed at five locations relative to the primary source of historical PAH contaminationupstream (RM 9.2), adjacent (RM 6.5), and downstream (RMs 5.7, 4.4, and 2.7). Overall, the biomarker results were consistent with the sediment PAH results, showing a pattern of low levels of PAH bile metabolites and DNA damage at the upstream (reference or background location), as well as the remediated section, high levels at the two immediate downstream sites, and somewhat lower levels at the furthest downstream site. Results show that remediation was effective in reducing sediment contaminant concentrations and exposure of fish to PAHs and in improving fish assemblages (60% increase in index of biotic integrity scores) in remediated river sections. Additional remedial investigation and potentially further remediation is needed to improve the downstream benthic fish community, which is still heavily exposed to PAH contaminants. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:653661. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Meier, John R.; Gordon, Denise; Wernsing, Paul; Lazorchak, Jim] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Snyder, Steve] Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Div Emergency & Remedial Response, Columbus, OH USA. [Sigler, Victoria; Altfater, Dave; Gray, Mike; Batin, Bill] Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Div Surface Water, Groveport, OH USA. [Baumann, Paul] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH USA. RP Lazorchak, J (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lazorchak.jim@epa.gov OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 3 BP 653 EP 661 DI 10.1002/etc.2093 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 092KG UT WOS:000315119000022 PM 23233343 ER PT J AU Cole, LW Fulweiler, RW AF Cole, Luke W. Fulweiler, Robinson W. TI First, do no harm SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cole, Luke W.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Fulweiler, Robinson W.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Fulweiler, Robinson W.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Cole, LW (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 11 IS 2 BP 59 EP 59 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 100NC UT WOS:000315706900001 ER PT J AU Sobota, DJ Compton, JE Harrison, JA AF Sobota, Daniel J. Compton, Jana E. Harrison, John A. TI Reactive nitrogen inputs to US lands and waterways: how certain are we about sources and fluxes? SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID UNITED-STATES; ANTHROPOGENIC NITROGEN; FIXATION; DEPOSITION; SYSTEMS; FUTURE; EXPORT; FLOWS; CYCLE AB An overabundance of reactive nitrogen (N) as a result of anthropogenic activities has led to multiple human health and environmental concerns. Efforts to address these concerns require an accurate accounting of N inputs. Here, we present a novel synthesis of data describing N inputs to the US, including the range of estimates, spatial patterns, and uncertainties. This analysis shows that human-mediated N inputs are ubiquitous across the country but are spatially heterogeneous, ranging from <0.1 to 34.6 times the background N input for individual water-resource units (8-digit Hydrologic Unit Codes). The Midwest, Mid-Atlantic, central California, and portions of the Columbia River valley currently receive the highest N loads. Major opportunities to advance our understanding of N sources can be achieved by: (1) enhancing the spatial and temporal resolution of agricultural N input data, (2) improving livestock and human waste monitoring, and (3) better quantifying biological N fixation in non-cultivated ecosystems. Front Ecol Environ 2013; 11(2): 82-90, doi:10.1890/110216 (published online 11 Feb 2013) C1 [Sobota, Daniel J.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Compton, Jana E.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. [Harrison, John A.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Sobota, DJ (reprint author), CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM Sobota.Dan@epa.gov FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Western Ecology Division of the EPA in Corvallis, OR FX This research was performed while the lead author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Western Ecology Division of the EPA in Corvallis, OR. We thank R Dennis, A Neale, and R Alexander for discussions regarding manuscript content, as well as E Cooter and R Ozretich for comments that greatly improved manuscript quality. This work has been subject to EPA review and approved for publication. NR 46 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 89 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 11 IS 2 BP 82 EP 90 DI 10.1890/110216 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 100NC UT WOS:000315706900016 ER PT J AU Ringold, PL Boyd, J Landers, D Weber, M AF Ringold, Paul L. Boyd, James Landers, Dixon Weber, Matt TI What data should we collect? A framework for identifying indicators of ecosystem contributions to human well-being SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SERVICES; SPECIALIZATION; SCIENCE AB The lack of a clear framework identifying data to link ecosystems to analyses of human well-being has been highlighted in numerous studies. To address this issue, we applied a recently developed economic theory termed "final" ecosystem goods and services the biophysical features and qualities that people perceive as being directly related to their well-being. The six-step process presented here enabled us to identify metrics associated with streams that can be used in the analysis of human well-being; we illustrate these steps with data from a regional stream survey. Continued refinement and application of this framework will require ongoing collaboration between natural and social scientists. Framework application could result in more useful and relevant data, leading to more informed decisions in the management of ecosystems. Front Ecol Environ 2013; 11(2): 98-105, doi:10.1890/110156 (published online 11 Jan 2013) C1 [Ringold, Paul L.; Landers, Dixon; Weber, Matt] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Boyd, James] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Weber, Matt] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Ringold, PL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM ringold.paul@epa.gov FU Council of State Governments [832356010]; US Environmental Protection Agency FX This paper benefited from discussions with the participants at a workshop to address this issue for streams (Ringold at al. 2009) and a follow-up workshop for wetlands and estuaries (Ringo Id at al. 2011). Our collaboration with the Council of State Governments was invaluable in organizing this effort, through Cooperative Agreement # 832356010. The information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The work benefited from the editorial assistance of SL Ringold and from comments provided by T DeWitt. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 48 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 58 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 11 IS 2 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.1890/110156 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 100NC UT WOS:000315706900018 ER PT J AU Pleil, JD Stiegel, MA Risby, TH AF Pleil, Joachim D. Stiegel, Matthew A. Risby, Terence H. TI Clinical breath analysis: discriminating between human endogenous compounds and exogenous (environmental) chemical confounders SO JOURNAL OF BREATH RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; EXHALED BREATH; LUNG-CANCER; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SPME-GC/MS; BIOMARKERS; BLOOD AB Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath originate from current or previous environmental exposures (exogenous compounds) and internal metabolic (anabolic and catabolic) production (endogenous compounds). The origins of certain VOCs in breath presumed to be endogenous have been proposed to be useful as preclinical biomarkers of various undiagnosed diseases including lung cancer, breast cancer, and cardio-pulmonary disease. The usual approach is to develop difference algorithms comparing VOC profiles from nominally healthy controls to cohorts of patients presenting with a documented disease, and then to apply the resulting rules to breath profiles of subjects with unknown disease status. This approach to diagnosis has a progression of sophistication; at the most rudimentary level, all measurable VOCs are included in the model. The next level corrects exhaled VOC concentrations for current inspired air concentrations. At the highest level, VOCs exhibiting discriminatory value also require a plausible biochemical pathway for their production before inclusion. Although these approaches have all shown some level of success, there is concern that pattern recognition is prone to error from environmental contamination and between-subject variance. In this paper, we explore the underlying assumptions for the interpretation and assignment of endogenous compounds with probative value for assessing changes. Specifically, we investigate the influence of previous exposures, elimination mechanisms and partitioning of exogenous compounds as confounders of true endogenous compounds. We provide specific examples based on a simple classical pharmacokinetic approach to identify potential misinterpretations of breath data and propose some remedies. C1 [Pleil, Joachim D.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, NERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Stiegel, Matthew A.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Risby, Terence H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Pleil, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, NERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pleil.joachim@epa.gov OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 NR 56 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 62 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1752-7155 J9 J BREATH RES JI J. Breath Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 7 IS 1 AR 017107 DI 10.1088/1752-7155/7/1/017107 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Respiratory System GA 098CT UT WOS:000315524000012 PM 23445880 ER PT J AU Risby, TH Pleil, JD AF Risby, Terence H. Pleil, Joachim D. TI Breath analysis-past, present and future: a special issue in honour of Michael Phillips' 70th birthday SO JOURNAL OF BREATH RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; LUNG-CANCER; CARBON-DISULFIDE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXHALED BREATH; MARKERS; BIOMARKERS; AIR; PREDICTION C1 [Risby, Terence H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Pleil, Joachim D.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, NERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Risby, TH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1752-7155 EI 1752-7163 J9 J BREATH RES JI J. Breath Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 7 IS 1 AR 010201 DI 10.1088/1752-7155/7/1/010201 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Respiratory System GA 098CT UT WOS:000315524000001 PM 23445558 ER PT J AU Kolle, SN Basketter, DA Casati, S Stokes, WS Strickland, J van Ravenzwaay, B Vohr, HW Landsiedel, R AF Kolle, Susanne N. Basketter, David A. Casati, Silvia Stokes, William S. Strickland, Judy van Ravenzwaay, Bennard Vohr, Hans-Werner Landsiedel, Robert TI Performance standards and alternative assays: Practical insights from skin sensitization SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Performance standards; Validation; Local lymph node assay; Lymph node cell counts; Skin sensitization; Alternatives ID LYMPH-NODE ASSAY; CELL COUNT MEASUREMENTS; CONTACT-DERMATITIS; ICCVAM EVALUATION; EC3 VALUES; EXPERIENCE; POTENCY AB To encourage the development and validation of alternative toxicity test methods, the effort required for validation of test methods proposed for regulatory purposes should be minimized. Performance standards (PS) facilitate efficient validation by requiring limited testing. Based on the validated method, PS define accuracy and reliability values that must be met by the new similar test method. The OECD adopted internationally harmonized PS for evaluating new endpoint versions of the local lymph node assay (LLNA). However, in the process of evaluating a lymph node cell count alternative (LNCC), simultaneous conduct of the regulatory LLNA showed that this standard test may not always perform in perfect accord with its own PS. The LNCC results were similar to the concurrent LLNA. Discrepancies between PS, LLNA and LNCC were largely associated with "borderline" substances and the variability of both endpoints. Two key lessons were learned: firstly, the understandable focus on substances close to the hazard classification borderline are more likely to emphasise issues of biological variability, which should be taken into account during the evaluation of results; secondly, variability in the results for the standard assay should be considered when selecting reference chemicals for PS. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kolle, Susanne N.; van Ravenzwaay, Bennard; Landsiedel, Robert] BASF SE, Expt Toxicol & Ecol, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany. [Basketter, David A.] DABMEB Consultancy Ltd, Sharnbrook, Beds, England. [Casati, Silvia] EURL ECVAM, JRC, Ispra, Italy. [Stokes, William S.] Natl Toxicol Program Interagcy Ctr Evaluat Altern, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Strickland, Judy] Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Vohr, Hans-Werner] Bayer HealthCare, Bayer Pharma, Wuppertal, Germany. RP Kolle, SN (reprint author), BASF SE, Expt Toxicol & Ecol, Z570, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany. EM susanne.kolle@basf.com FU BASF SE; NIEHS [N01-ES 35504] FX LLNA and LNCC are conducted at BASF SE for commercial purposes. DAB, SNK, BvR, and RL were paid by BASF SE for the preparation of this manuscript. The participation of JS was supported by NIEHS contract N01-ES 35504. DAB, SC, WSS and JS were variously involved in the original production of the LLNA PS. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 65 IS 2 BP 278 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.12.006 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 096UG UT WOS:000315429200012 PM 23279805 ER PT J AU Fisher, JW Li, S Crofton, K Zoeller, RT McLanahan, ED Lumen, A Gilbert, ME AF Fisher, Jeffrey W. Li, Shuang Crofton, Kevin Zoeller, R. Thomas McLanahan, Eva D. Lumen, Annie Gilbert, Mary E. TI Evaluation of Iodide Deficiency in the Lactating Rat and Pup Using a Biologically Based Dose-Response Model SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE BBDR; HPT axis; lactation; rat; iodide deficiency; thyroid hormones ID PITUITARY-THYROID AXIS; HORMONE ECONOMY; NEONATAL RAT; PERCHLORATE; IODOTHYRONINE; THYROXINE; EXPOSURE; VOLUME; FETAL; MILK AB A biologically based dose-response (BBDR) model for the hypothalamic-pituitary thyroid (HPT) axis in the lactating rat and nursing pup was developed to describe the perturbations caused by iodide deficiency on the HPT axis. Model calibrations, carried out by adjusting key model parameters, were used as a technique to evaluate HPT axis adaptations to dietary iodide intake in euthyroid (4.139 g iodide/day) and iodide-deficient (0.31 and 1.2 g iodide/day) conditions. Iodide-deficient conditions in both the dam and the pup were described with increased blood flow to the thyroid gland, TSH-mediated increase in thyroidal uptake of iodide and binding of iodide in the thyroid gland (organification), and, in general, reduced thyroid hormone production and metabolism. Alterations in thyroxine (T4) homeostasis were more apparent than for triiodothyronine (T3). Model-predicted average daily area-under-the-serum-concentration-curve (nM-day) values for T4 at steady state in the dam and pup decreased by 1415% for the 1.2 g iodide/day iodide-deficient diet and 4252% for the 0.31 g iodide/day iodide-deficient diet. In rat pups that were iodide deficient during gestation and lactation, these decreases in serum T4 levels were associated with declines in thyroid hormone in the fetal brain and a suppression of synaptic responses in the hippocampal region of the brain of the adult offspring (Gilbert et al., 2013). C1 [Fisher, Jeffrey W.; Lumen, Annie] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Li, Shuang] Georgia Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Augusta, GA USA. [Crofton, Kevin] US EPA, Integrated Syst Biol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zoeller, R. Thomas] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [McLanahan, Eva D.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gilbert, Mary E.] US EPA, Toxic Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Fisher, JW (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM jeffrey.fisher@fda.hhs.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 FU STAR USEPA [R832134, R8321380]; FDA National Center for Toxicological Research FX STAR USEPA Cooperative grants (R832134, R8321380); the FDA National Center for Toxicological Research internal funding. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 132 IS 1 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfs336 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 096WB UT WOS:000315434300008 PM 23288054 ER PT J AU Saito, K Moore, R Negishi, M AF Saito, Kosuke Moore, Rick Negishi, Masahiko TI Nuclear Receptor CAR Specifically Activates the Two-Pore K Channel Kcnk1 Gene in Male Mouse Livers, Which Attenuates Phenobarbital-Induced Hepatic Hyperplasia SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE phenobarbital; CAR; KCNK1; hepatic hyperplasia ID CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; GROWTH-HORMONE; CELL-PROLIFERATION; MESSENGER-RNA; CYP2B GENE; RAT-LIVER; EXPRESSION; MICE; INDUCTION; PROMOTION AB KCNK1, a member of the family of two-pore K ion channels, is specifically induced in the livers of male mice after phenobarbital treatment. Here, we have determined the molecular mechanism of this male-specific activation of the Kcnk1 gene and characterized KCNK1 as a phenobarbital-inducible antihyperplasia factor. Upon activation by phenobarbital, nuclear receptor CAR binds the 97-bp response element (2441/2345) within the Kcnk1 promoter. This binding is observed in the livers of male mice, but not in the livers of female mice and requires the pituitary gland, because hypophysectomy abrogates it. Hyperplasia further progressed in the livers of Kcnk1(/) male mice compared with those of Kcnk1(/) males after phenobarbital treatment. Thus, KCNK1 suppresses phenobarbital-induced hyperplasia. These results indicate that phenobarbital treatment induces KCNK1 to elicit a male-specific and growth-suppressing signal. Thus, KCNK1 and Kcnk1(/) mice provide an experimental tool for further investigation into the molecular mechanism of CAR-mediated promotion of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. C1 [Saito, Kosuke; Moore, Rick; Negishi, Masahiko] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacogenet Sect, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Negishi, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacogenet Sect, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM negishi@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences at National Institutes of Health [Z01ES1005-01] FX Intramural Research Program of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences at National Institutes of Health (Z01ES1005-01). NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 132 IS 1 BP 151 EP 161 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfs338 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 096WB UT WOS:000315434300015 PM 23291559 ER PT J AU Gilbert, ME Hedge, JM Valentin-Blasini, L Blount, BC Kannan, K Tietge, J Zoeller, RT Crofton, KM Jarrett, JM Fisher, JW AF Gilbert, Mary E. Hedge, Joan M. Valentin-Blasini, Liza Blount, Benjamin C. Kannan, Kurunthachalam Tietge, Joseph Zoeller, R. Thomas Crofton, Kevin M. Jarrett, Jeffrey M. Fisher, Jeffrey W. TI An Animal Model of Marginal Iodine Deficiency During Development: The Thyroid Axis and Neurodevelopmental Outcome SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE thyroid; iodine; hypothyroidism; hippocampus; neurodevelopment; learning; synaptic function; biologically based dose-response models; BBDR ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IMPAIR NEURAL DEVELOPMENT; NEONATAL-RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; HORMONE DISRUPTION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SODIUM/IODIDE SYMPORTER; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; REPRODUCTIVE AGE AB Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for brain development, and iodine is required for TH synthesis. Environmental chemicals that perturb the thyroid axis result in modest reductions in TH, yet there is a paucity of data on the extent of neurological impairments associated with low-level TH disruption. This study examined the dose-response characteristics of marginal iodine deficiency (ID) on parameters of thyroid function and neurodevelopment. Diets deficient in iodine were prepared by adding 975, 200, 125, 25, or 0 g/kg potassium iodate to the base casein diet to produce five nominal iodine levels ranging from ample (Diet 1: 1000 g iodine/kg chow, D1) to deficient (Diet 5: 25 g iodine/kg chow, D5). Female Long Evans rats were maintained on these diets beginning 7 weeks prior to breeding until the end of lactation. Dams were sacrificed on gestational days 16 and 20, or when pups were weaned on postnatal day (PN) 21. Fetal tissue was harvested from the dams, and pups were sacrificed on PN14 and PN21. Blood, thyroid gland, and brain were collected for analysis of iodine, TH, and TH precursors and metabolites. Serum and thyroid gland iodine and TH were reduced in animals receiving two diets that were most deficient in iodine. T4 was reduced in the fetal brain but was not altered in the neonatal brain. Neurobehavior, assessed by acoustic startle, water maze learning, and fear conditioning, was unchanged in adult offspring, but excitatory synaptic transmission was impaired in the dentate gyrus in animals receiving two diets that were most deficient in iodine. A 15% reduction in cortical T4 in the fetal brain was sufficient to induce permanent reductions in synaptic function in adults. These findings have implications for regulation of TH-disrupting chemicals and suggest that standard behavioral assays do not readily detect neurotoxicity induced by modest developmental TH disruption. C1 [Gilbert, Mary E.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hedge, Joan M.; Crofton, Kevin M.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Biol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Valentin-Blasini, Liza; Blount, Benjamin C.; Jarrett, Jeffrey M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kannan, Kurunthachalam] SUNY Albany, New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Kannan, Kurunthachalam] SUNY Albany, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Tietge, Joseph] US EPA, MidAtlantic Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [Zoeller, R. Thomas] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Fisher, Jeffrey W.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Gilbert, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Tox Assessment Div MD B105 05, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilbert.mary@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Jarrett, Jeffery/0000-0001-5755-3552 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R832138, R832134] FX This work was partially supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (R832138 to J.F.) and (R832134 to R.T.Z.). NR 71 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 132 IS 1 BP 177 EP 195 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfs335 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 096WB UT WOS:000315434300017 PM 23288053 ER PT J AU Francy, DS Stelzer, EA Duris, JW Brady, AMG Harrison, JH Johnson, HE Ware, MW AF Francy, Donna S. Stelzer, Erin A. Duris, Joseph W. Brady, Amie M. G. Harrison, John H. Johnson, Heather E. Ware, Michael W. TI Predictive Models for Escherichia coli Concentrations at Inland Lake Beaches and Relationship of Model Variables to Pathogen Detection SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RECREATIONAL WATER; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN ADENOVIRUSES; HEALTH EVENTS; PCR; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; IDENTIFICATION; GENES; ASSAY AB Predictive models, based on environmental and water quality variables, have been used to improve the timeliness and accuracy of recreational water quality assessments, but their effectiveness has not been studied in inland waters. Sampling at eight inland recreational lakes in Ohio was done in order to investigate using predictive models for Escherichia coli and to understand the links between E. coli concentrations, predictive variables, and pathogens. Based upon results from 21 beach sites, models were developed for 13 sites, and the most predictive variables were rainfall, wind direction and speed, turbidity, and water temperature. Models were not developed at sites where the E. coli standard was seldom exceeded. Models were validated at nine sites during an independent year. At three sites, the model resulted in increased correct responses, sensitivities, and specificities compared to use of the previous day's E. coli concentration (the current method). Drought conditions during the validation year precluded being able to adequately assess model performance at most of the other sites. Cryptosporidium, adenovirus, eaeA (E. coli), ipaH (Shigella), and spvC (Salmonella) were found in at least 20% of samples collected for pathogens at five sites. The presence or absence of the three bacterial genes was related to some of the model variables but was not consistently related to E. coli concentrations. Predictive models were not effective at all inland lake sites; however, their use at two lakes with high swimmer densities will provide better estimates of public health risk than current methods and will be a valuable resource for beach managers and the public. C1 [Francy, Donna S.; Stelzer, Erin A.; Brady, Amie M. G.; Harrison, John H.] US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. [Duris, Joseph W.; Johnson, Heather E.] Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI USA. [Ware, Michael W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Francy, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. EM dsfrancy@usgs.gov OI Duris, Joseph/0000-0002-8669-8109 FU Ohio Water Development Authority; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX Support for this study was provided by the Ohio Water Development Authority, U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program, and by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1676 EP 1688 DI 10.1128/AEM.02995-12 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 089ES UT WOS:000314893300031 PM 23291550 ER PT J AU Toledo-Hernandez, C Ryu, H Gonzalez-Nieves, J Huertas, E Toranzos, GA Domingo, JWS AF Toledo-Hernandez, Carlos Ryu, Hodon Gonzalez-Nieves, Joel Huertas, Evelyn Toranzos, Gary A. Domingo, Jorge W. Santo TI Tracking the Primary Sources of Fecal Pollution in a Tropical Watershed in a One-Year Study SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GROUP-SPECIFIC PRIMERS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC-MARKERS; HUMAN FECES; PCR ASSAYS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; SEWAGE CONTAMINATION; PREDOMINANT BACTERIA; MOLECULAR DIVERSITY AB A study was conducted to determine the primary sources of fecal pollution in a subtropical watershed using host-specific assays developed in temperate regions. Water samples (n = 534) from 10 different sites along the Rio Grande de Arecibo (RGA) watershed were collected mostly on a weekly basis (54 sampling events) during 13 months. DNA extracts from water samples were used in PCR assays to determine the occurrence of fecal bacteria (Bacteroidales, Clostridium coccoides, and enterococci) and human-, cattle-, swine-, and chicken-specific fecal sources. Feces from 12 different animals (n = 340) and wastewater treatment samples (n = 16) were analyzed to determine the specificity and distribution of host-specific assays. The human-specific assay (HF183) was found to be highly specific, as it did not cross-react with nontarget samples. The cattle marker (CF128) cross-reacted to some extent with swine, chicken, and turkeys and was present in 64% of the cattle samples tested. The swine assays showed poor host specificity, while the three chicken assays showed poor host distribution. Differences in the detection of host-specific markers were noted per site. While human and cattle assays showed moderate average detection rates throughout the watershed, areas impacted by wastewater treatment plants and cattle exhibited the highest prevalence of these markers. When conditional probability for positive signals was determined for each of the markers, the results indicated higher confidence levels for the human assay and lower levels for all the other assays. Overall, the results from this study suggest that additional assays are needed, particularly to track cattle, chicken, and swine fecal pollution sources in the RGA watershed. The results also suggest that the geographic stability of genetic markers needs to be determined prior to conducting applied source tracking studies in tropical settings. C1 [Toledo-Hernandez, Carlos; Gonzalez-Nieves, Joel; Toranzos, Gary A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Ryu, Hodon; Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Huertas, Evelyn] US EPA, Reg Caribbean Environm Protect Div 2, San Juan, PR USA. RP Domingo, JWS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov RI Ryu, Hodon/E-4610-2011 OI Ryu, Hodon/0000-0002-6992-2519 FU National Research Council fellowship; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development; RARE program FX H.R. was funded via a National Research Council fellowship. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development and the RARE program, funded, managed, and collaborated in the research described herein. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1689 EP 1696 DI 10.1128/AEM.03070-12 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 089ES UT WOS:000314893300032 PM 23291547 ER PT J AU Gronewold, AD Stow, CA Crooks, JL Hunter, TS AF Gronewold, Andrew D. Stow, Craig A. Crooks, James L. Hunter, Timothy S. TI Quantifying parameter uncertainty and assessing the skill of exponential dispersion rainfall simulation models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rainfall dynamics; MCMC; parameter uncertainty; exponential dispersion model; Great Lakes ID RECTANGULAR PULSE MODEL; WATER-QUALITY MODELS; POINT PROCESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTION; SCENARIOS; BACTERIA; IMPACTS; NETWORK AB The exponential dispersion model (EDM) has been demonstrated as an effective tool for quantifying rainfall dynamics across monthly time scales by simultaneously modelling discrete and continuous variables in a single probability density function. Recent applications of the EDM have included development and implementation of statistical software packages for automatically conditioning model parameters on historical time series data. Here, we advance the application of the EDM through an analysis of rainfall records in the North American Laurentian Great Lakes by implementing the EDM in a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) framework which explicitly acknowledges historic rainfall variability and reflects that variability through uncertainty and correlation in model parameters and simulated rainfall metrics. We find, through a novel probabilistic assessment of skill, that the EDM reproduces the magnitude, variability, and occurrence of daily rainfall, but does not fully capture temporal autocorrelation on a daily time scale. These findings have significant implications for the extent to which the EDM can serve as a tool for supporting regional climate assessments, for downscaling regional climate scenarios into local-scale rainfall time series simulations, and for assessing trends in the historical climate record. Copyright (c) 2012 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Gronewold, Andrew D.; Stow, Craig A.; Hunter, Timothy S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Crooks, James L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Gronewold, AD (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM drew.gronewold@noaa.gov OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529 NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 33 IS 3 BP 746 EP 757 DI 10.1002/joc.3469 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 089QZ UT WOS:000314926400019 ER PT J AU Tran, NL Barraj, LM Bi, XY Schuda, LC Moya, J AF Tran, Nga L. Barraj, Leila M. Bi, Xiaoyu Schuda, Laurie C. Moya, Jacqueline TI Estimated long-term fish and shellfish intake-national health and nutrition examination survey SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE usual intake; NHANES; food frequency; 24-h dietary recall; fish; shellfish ID EPISODICALLY CONSUMED FOODS; CONSUMPTION PATTERNS; RECREATIONAL ANGLERS; EXPOSURE; METHYLMERCURY; FREQUENCY AB Usual intake estimates describe long-term average intake of food and nutrients and food contaminants. The frequencies of fish and shellfish intake over a 30-day period from National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2006) were combined with 24-h dietary recall data from NHANES 2003-2004 using a Monte Carlo procedure to estimate the usual intake of fish and shellfish in this study. Usual intakes were estimated for the US population including children 1 to <11 years, males/females 11 to <16 years, 16 to <21 years, and adults 21 + years. Estimated mean fish intake (consumers only) was highest among children 1 to <2 years and 2 to <3 years, at 0.37 g/kg-day for both age groups, and lowest for females 11 to <16 years, at 0.13 g/kg-day. In all age groups, daily intake estimates were highest for breaded fish, salmon, and mackerel. Among children and teenage consumers, tuna, salmon, and breaded fish were the most frequently consumed fish; shrimp, scallops, and crabs were the most frequently consumed shellfish. The intake estimates from this study better reflect long-term average intake rates and are preferred to assess long-term intake of nutrients and possible exposure to environmental contaminants from fish and shellfish sources than 2-day average estimates. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2013) 23, 128-136; doi:10.1038/jes.2012.96; published online 10 October 2012 C1 [Tran, Nga L.; Barraj, Leila M.; Bi, Xiaoyu] Exponent, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Schuda, Laurie C.; Moya, Jacqueline] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Tran, NL (reprint author), Exponent, 1150 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM ntran@exponent.com FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX This study was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 2 BP 128 EP 136 DI 10.1038/jes.2012.96 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 092MH UT WOS:000315126200003 PM 23047318 ER PT J AU Tian, N Xue, JP Barzyk, TM AF Tian, Nancy Xue, Jianping Barzyk, Timothy M. TI Evaluating socioeconomic and racial differences in traffic-related metrics in the United States using a GIS approach SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE road density; traffic density; traffic-related exposure; racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities; geographic information systems (GIS) ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; AIR TOXICS EXPOSURES; LAND-USE REGRESSION; ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE; HOSPITAL ENCOUNTERS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CHILDHOOD-CANCER; POLLUTION; MORTALITY AB Previous studies have reported that lower-income and minority populations are more likely to live near major roads. This study quantifies associations between socioeconomic status, racial/ethnic variables, and traffic-related exposure metrics for the United States. Using geographic information systems (GIS), traffic-related exposure metrics were represented by road and traffic densities at the census tract level. Spearman's correlation coefficients estimated relationships between socio-demographic variables and traffic-related exposure metrics, and ANOVA was performed to test for significant differences in socio-demographic variables for census tracts with low and high traffic-related metrics. For all census tracts in the United States, %Whites, %Blacks, and %Hispanics (percent of tract population) had correlation coefficients greater than 0.38 and 0.16 with road density and traffic density, respectively. Regions and states had correlation coefficients as high as 0.78. Compared with tracts with low road and traffic densities (<25th percentile), tracts with high densities (>75th percentile) had values of %Blacks and %Hispanics that were more than twice as high, 20% greater poverty levels, and one-third fewer White residents. Census tracts that had mid-level values for road and traffic densities had the most affluent characteristics. Results suggest that racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities exist on national level with respect to lower-income and minority populations living near high traffic and road density areas. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2013) 23, 215-222; doi:10.1038/jes.2012.83; published online 8 August 2012 C1 [Tian, Nancy; Xue, Jianping; Barzyk, Timothy M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Tian, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, E205-2,Room D-561, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Tian.Nancy@epa.gov NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 36 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 2 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1038/jes.2012.83 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 092MH UT WOS:000315126200015 PM 22872311 ER PT J AU Lucas, SJ Bortolotto, ZA Collingridge, GL Lodge, D AF Lucas, Sarah J. Bortolotto, Zuner A. Collingridge, Graham L. Lodge, David TI Selective activation of either mGlu2 or mGlu3 receptors can induce LTD in the amygdala SO NEUROPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Metabotropic glutamate receptors; mGlu3; mGlu2; Lateral amygdala; Long-term depression ID METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; LONG-TERM DEPRESSION; HIPPOCAMPUS IN-VITRO; GROUP-II; DENTATE GYRUS; N-ACETYLASPARTYLGLUTAMATE; SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION; BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA; AGONIST; SYNAPSES AB Group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are known to induce a long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission in many brain regions including the amygdala. However the roles of the individual receptor subtypes, mGlu2 and mGlu3, in LTD are not well understood. In particular, it is unclear whether activation of mGlu3 receptors is sufficient to induce LTD at synapses in the CNS. In the present study, advantage was taken of a Wistar rat strain not expressing mGlu2 receptors (Ceolin et al., 2011) to investigate the function of mGlu3 receptors in the amygdala. In this preparation, the group II agonist, DCG-IV induced an LTD of the cortical, but not the intra-nuclear, synaptic input to the lateral amygdala. This LTD was concentration dependent and was blocked by the group II mGlu receptor antagonist, LY341495. To investigate further the role of mGlu3 receptors, we used LY395756 (an mGlu2 agonist and mGlu3 antagonist), which acts as a pure mGlu3 receptor antagonist in this rat strain. This compound alone had no effect on basal synaptic transmission, but blocked the LTD induced by DCG-IV. Furthermore, we found that DCG-IV also induces LTD in mGlu2 receptor knock-out (KO) mice to a similar extent as in wild-type mice. This confirms that the activation of mGlu2 receptors alone is sufficient to induce LTD at this amygdala synapse. To address whether mGlu2 activation alone is also sufficient to induce LTD at this synapse we used LY541850 (the active enantiomer of LY395756) in wild-type mice. LY541850 induced a substantial LTD showing that either receptor alone is capable of inducing LTD in this pathway. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors'. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lucas, Sarah J.; Bortolotto, Zuner A.; Collingridge, Graham L.; Lodge, David] Univ Bristol, MRC Ctr Synapt Plast, Bristol BS8 1TD, Avon, England. [Collingridge, Graham L.] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Seoul, South Korea. RP Lucas, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Sarah.Lucas@nih.gov RI Collingridge, Graham/C-4605-2015; OI Collingridge, Graham/0000-0002-9572-5359; Lucas, Sarah/0000-0002-5577-763X FU MRC; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience (Eli Lilly); WCU program through the KOSEF; MEST [R31-10089] FX Funded by the MRC and the Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience (Eli Lilly). SL was a MRC scholar. LY395756, LY541850 and the KO mice were kind gifts from Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd. GLC is a WCU International Scholar supported by the WCU program through the KOSEF funded by the MEST (R31-10089). NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0028-3908 J9 NEUROPHARMACOLOGY JI Neuropharmacology PD MAR PY 2013 VL 66 SI SI BP 196 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.04.006 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 092MC UT WOS:000315125700021 PM 22531751 ER PT J AU Pawel, DJ Gilbert, ES AF Pawel, D. J. Gilbert, E. S. TI Invited commentary on "A method for determining weights for excess relative risk and excess absolute risk when applied in the calculation of lifetime risk of cancer from radiation exposure" by Walsh and Schneider (2012) SO RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; SOLID CANCER C1 [Pawel, D. J.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Gilbert, E. S.] NCI, Div Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Pawel, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, MC 6608J,1200 Penn Av NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Pawel.David@epamail.epa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-634X J9 RADIAT ENVIRON BIOPH JI Radiat. Environ. Biophys. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 52 IS 1 BP 151 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s00411-012-0443-8 PG 3 WC Biology; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 096DU UT WOS:000315385100015 PM 23180112 ER PT J AU Wang, XH Burgess, A Yang, J AF Wang, Xinhao Burgess, Amy Yang, Jeff TI A scenario-based water conservation planning support system (SB-WCPSS) SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Planning support system; Water consumption; Infrastructure adaptation ID MANAGEMENT; MODEL; UNCERTAINTIES; PHOENIX AB In this study a water consumption model is built into a scenario-based planning support system (SB-WCPSS). The SB-WCPSS consists of four components-(1) a model input graphic user interface, (2) a community spatial database, (3) a set of drinking water consumption models, and (4) output display. The SB-WCPSS is implemented with a commercial planning support system software package-CommunityViz. The model is applied using data in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA to demonstrate the scenario development. In the application, water consumption consists of land use based indoor, turf, and pool water usages. Climate change is reflected in monthly temperature and precipitation. By specifying anticipated future land uses and associated water consumption rates, temperature, and precipitation, SB-WCPSS users can analyze and compare water consumptions under various scenarios, using maps, graphs, and tables. Parcel-based daily water consumptions were computed and summarized spatially by neighborhood, block group, or land use type. The results demonstrate that water conservation strategies, such as xeriscape, can reduce turf water usage. Indoor water consumption depends on the number of people who use water and how they use water. The study shows that the SB-WCPSS structure is sound and user friendly. Future improvement will be on enhancing various components, such as using parcel-based data and more robust water consumption models. The system may be used by water resource managers and decision makers to adapt water resources (e.g., watersheds and infrastructure) to climate change and demographic and economic development. C1 [Wang, Xinhao; Burgess, Amy] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Planning, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Yang, Jeff] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Wang, XH (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Planning, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Xinhao.wang@uc.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency; therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors are very grateful to the editors and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 3 BP 629 EP 641 DI 10.1007/s00477-012-0628-3 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 094JR UT WOS:000315259400004 ER PT J AU Tran, LT O'Neill, RV Smith, ER Bruins, RJF Harden, C AF Tran, Liem T. O'Neill, Robert V. Smith, Elizabeth R. Bruins, Randall J. F. Harden, Carol TI Application of Hierarchy Theory to Cross-Scale Hydrologic Modeling of Nutrient Loads SO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hierarchy theory; Dynamic regional hydrologic modeling; Annual nitrogen load; Water quality; Cross-scale analysis ID SPATIALLY REFERENCED REGRESSION; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NITROGEN DELIVERY; UNITED-STATES; DENITRIFICATION AB We describe a framework called Regional Hydrologic Modeling for Environmental Evaluation (RHyME(2)) for hydrologic modeling across scales. Rooted from hierarchy theory, RHyME(2) acknowledges the rate-based hierarchical structure of hydrological systems. Operationally, hierarchical constraints are accounted for and explicitly described in models put together into RHyME(2). We illustrate RHyME(2)with a two-module model to quantify annual nutrient loads in stream networks and watersheds at regional and subregional levels. High values of R-2 (> 0.95) and the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (> 0.85) and a systematic connection between the two modules show that the hierarchy theory-based RHyME(2) framework can be used effectively for developing and connecting hydrologic models to analyze the dynamics of hydrologic systems. C1 [Tran, Liem T.; Harden, Carol] Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [O'Neill, Robert V.] OTIE, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Smith, Elizabeth R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bruins, Randall J. F.] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Tran, LT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, 1000 Phillip Fulmer Way, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ltran1@utk.edu NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4741 J9 WATER RESOUR MANAG JI Water Resour. Manag. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1601 EP 1617 DI 10.1007/s11269-013-0260-0 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 094LV UT WOS:000315265400027 ER PT J AU Funk, WE McGee, JK Olshan, AF Ghio, AJ AF Funk, William E. McGee, John K. Olshan, Andrew F. Ghio, Andrew J. TI Quantification of arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium in newborn dried blood spots SO BIOMARKERS LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; cadmium; dried blood spots; epidemiology; lead; mercury; neonatal AB Exposures to heavy metals during fetal and perinatal development are of particular concern. Yet, the health impacts of exposures to toxic metals during these early stages of human development are not well understood due to the paucity of in vivo human data. Dried blood spots (DBS), collected by public health departments to screen for inherited metabolic errors and other disorders, are routinely archived and can be used for exposure assessment. Here we report an improved method for quantifying arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium in newborn DBS to facilitate epidemiologic research on the health effects of early exposures to toxic metals. C1 [Funk, William E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, Lab Human Biol Res, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [McGee, John K.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Olshan, Andrew F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Funk, WE (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, Lab Human Biol Res, 1810 Hinman Ave, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM w-funk@northwestern.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES010126] FX The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article. This research was supported in part by a grant from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30ES010126). NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 28 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1354-750X J9 BIOMARKERS JI Biomarkers PD MAR PY 2013 VL 18 IS 2 BP 174 EP 177 DI 10.3109/1354750X.2012.750379 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology GA 090JT UT WOS:000314976000011 PM 23311290 ER PT J AU Tuttle, L Meng, QY Moya, J Johns, DO AF Tuttle, Lauren Meng, Qingyu Moya, Jacqueline Johns, Douglas O. TI Consideration of Age-Related Changes in Behavior Trends in Older Adults in Assessing Risks of Environmental Exposures SO JOURNAL OF AGING AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE activity patterns; behavior; exposure factors; older adults; risk assessment ID HUMAN HEALTH-RISK; BODY-MASS INDEX; FUNCTIONAL-CAPACITY; FACTORS-HANDBOOK; MOBILITY; DISABILITY; CONTAMINATION; CONSUMPTION; LIMITATIONS; NHANES AB Objectives: To explore age-related behavior differences between older and younger adults, and to review how older adult activity patterns are considered in evaluating the potential risk of exposure to environmental pollutants. Methods: Activity pattern data and their use in risk assessments were analyzed using the U. S. EPA Exposure Factors Handbook (EFH), U. S. EPA Consolidated Human Activity Pattern Database (CHAD), and peer-reviewed literature describing human health risk assessments. Results: The characterization by age of some factors likely to impact older adults' exposures remains limited. We demonstrate that age-related behavior trends vary between younger and older adults, and these differences are rarely explicitly considered in environmental health risk assessment for older adults. Discussion: Incorporating older adult exposure factors into risk assessments may be challenging because of data gaps and difficulty in defining and appropriately binning older adults. Additional data related to older adult exposure factors are warranted for evaluating risk among this susceptible population. C1 [Tuttle, Lauren] US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Meng, Qingyu] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Moya, Jacqueline] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Johns, Douglas O.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Johns, DO (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mailstop H2900, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM mengqi@umdnj.edu; djohns@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0898-2643 J9 J AGING HEALTH JI J. Aging Health PD MAR PY 2013 VL 25 IS 2 BP 243 EP 273 DI 10.1177/0898264312468032 PG 31 WC Gerontology; Health Policy & Services SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 087NV UT WOS:000314769500003 PM 23223208 ER PT J AU Yan, ZL Wang, H Lau, KT Pather, S Zhang, JC Lin, G Ding, Y AF Yan, Z. L. Wang, H. Lau, K. T. Pather, S. Zhang, J. C. Lin, G. Ding, Y. TI Reinforcement of polypropylene with hemp fibres SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hemp fibre; Polypropylene matrix composites; Mechanical properties; Fracture mechanism ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GLASS-FIBER; NATURAL FIBERS; POLYMER COMPOSITES; COUPLING AGENTS; POLYAMIDE 6,6; STRENGTH; DIAMETER; LENGTH AB Nail hemp fibre (NHF) is a kind of textile hemp fibre after deep degumming from scutched hemp fibre (SHF), mechanically-degummed hemp fibre. Both NHF and SHF with strong mechanical properties are good candidates as reinforcing fibres for plastics such as polypropylene (PP). The PP/NHF and PP/SHF composites were blended via internal mixing process. The effect of fibres on the morphology, thermal resistance and reinforcement of the composites were investigated. PP/NHF composites showed higher impact strength, lower flexural strength than PP/SHF at the corresponding loading because NHF has smaller diameter and better thermal resistance than SHF. Meanwhile, NHF has the similar reinforcement to tensile strength with SHF. The effect of maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) on the fibre-resin interface bonding was also comparatively studied. With increasing amount of MAPP, the tensile, flexural and impact strengths of PP/NHF and PP/SHF increased, respectively. The morphology of PP/SHF and PP/NHF results well showed that MAPP improved the interaction of the fibres with PP through chemical adhesion. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yan, Z. L.; Wang, H.; Lau, K. T.; Pather, S.] Univ So Queensland, Fac Engn & Surveying, Ctr Excellence Engn Fibre Composites, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. [Yan, Z. L.; Zhang, J. C.] Special High Value Biomass Ind & Technol Innovat, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Lau, K. T.] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lin, G.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Ding, Y.] Beijing Univ Chem Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Technol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Yan, ZL (reprint author), Univ So Queensland, Fac Engn & Surveying, Ctr Excellence Engn Fibre Composites, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. EM zili.yan@usq.edu.au FU Centre of Excellence in Engineered Fibre composites; Special High Value Biomass Industry and Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance of China FX This work has been supported by Centre of Excellence in Engineered Fibre composites and Special High Value Biomass Industry and Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance of China. The authors would like to thank Wenzhou Lisen Enterprises Co., Ltd. for its help in carrying out the experimental work. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 EI 1879-1069 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 46 BP 221 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.09.027 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 079WY UT WOS:000314204100027 ER PT J AU Van Sickle, J AF Van Sickle, John TI Estimating the risks of multiple, covarying stressors in the National Lakes Assessment SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE relative risk; attributable risk; adjusted risk; aquatic stressors; probability survey ID ATTRIBUTABLE RISK; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; AQUATIC STRESSORS; REGRESSION; STREAMS; ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; MODELS; WATERS AB The National Lakes Assessment (NLA) used relative and attributable risks to measure the apparent nationwide effects of excess N, reduced lakeshore habitat, and other stressors on planktonic assemblages in lakes. The risk measures, borrowed from human health research, use nontechnical language to compare the apparent effects of disparate lake stressors, thereby helping the public and policymakers identify stressors of greatest national concern. However, the investigators for the NLA and similar prior surveys of streams did not adjust their risk estimates of each stressor for possible confounding by other covarying stressors. As a result, the NLA point estimates overstate the risks of individual stressors and, thus, are unreliable for assessing their importance relative to that of closely related stressors. I used NLA data from 966 lakes to illustrate existing statistical methods of risk adjustment. Point estimates of adjusted relative risk for 7 stressor variables were 15 to 64% lower than unadjusted estimates. Adjusted attributable risks also were lower than unadjusted values, but for some stressors, they were very inconsistent across 3 adjustment methods. In addition, adjusted risk estimates used only part of the available data because each estimate was adjusted for many (6) covarying stressors. Closely related stressor variables (for example, N, P. and turbidity) can be combined into a bundle representing a broader type of stress (reduced water quality). For the NLA data, adjusted risk estimates for the stressor bundles (water quality and habitat) were more consistent across estimation methods and had lower relative uncertainty than estimates for their component stressors. In addition, closely related stressors with similar sources and modes of impact are more likely to be managed together rather than individually. For these reasons, I suggest evaluating stressor bundles in future aquatic surveys. C1 [Van Sickle, John] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Van Sickle, J (reprint author), 1673 SW Knollbrook Pl, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM vansicklej@peak.org FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX I thank Lester Yuan, Bob Ozretich, and 2 anonymous referees for comments on the manuscript. This research was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The manuscript has been subjected to the agency's peer and administrative review and approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 37 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 204 EP 216 DI 10.1899/11-050.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 086FZ UT WOS:000314670800018 ER PT J AU Smucker, NJ Detenbeck, NE Morrison, AC AF Smucker, Nathan J. Detenbeck, Naomi E. Morrison, Alisa C. TI Diatom responses to watershed development and potential moderating effects of near-stream forest and wetland cover SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE streams; urban; impervious cover; riparian buffer; threshold; management practices; nutrients; metrics; algae; periphyton; boosted regression trees; TITAN ID ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY THRESHOLDS; 9 METROPOLITAN-AREAS; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; ENVIRONMENTAL THRESHOLDS; CATCHMENT URBANIZATION; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; RIPARIAN ZONES; URBAN; QUALITY AB Watershed development alters hydrology and delivers anthropogenic stressors to streams via pathways affected by impervious cover. We characterized relationships of diatom communities and metrics with upstream watershed % impervious cover (IC) and with riparian % forest and wetland cover in 120-m buffers along each side of upstream networks. Threshold Indicator Taxa ANalysis (TITAN) identified potential threshold responses of diatom communities at 0.6 and 2.9% IC. Boosted regression trees (BRTs) indicated potential thresholds between 0.7 and 4.5% IC at which relative abundances of low-nutrient diatoms decreased and those of high-nutrient, prostrate, and motile diatoms increased. These individual thresholds indicated that multiple stressors or magnitudes of stressors related to increasing watershed % IC differentially affected relative abundances of taxa, and these differential effects probably contributed to a more gradual, but still substantial, change in overall community structure. BRTs showed that near-stream buffers with >65% and ideally >80% forest and wetland cover were associated with a 13 to 34% reduction in the effects of watershed % IC on diatom metrics and community structure and with a 61 to 68% reduction in the effects of watershed % pasture on motile and high-P diatom relative abundances. Watershed % IC and riparian % forest and wetland cover probably affect hydrologic, nutrient, and sediment regimes, which then affect diatom community physiognomy and taxa sensitive to nutrients and conductivity. Our results emphasize the importance of implementing mindful development and protective measures, especially in watersheds near watershed % IC thresholds. Effects of development potentially could be reduced by restoring and conserving near-stream forests and wetlands, but management and restoration strategies that extend beyond near-stream buffers are needed. C1 [Smucker, Nathan J.; Detenbeck, Naomi E.; Morrison, Alisa C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Smucker, NJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM smucker.nathan@epa.gov; detenbeck.naomi@epa.gov; morrison.alisa@epa.gov FU US EPA FX We thank Mary Becker of the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection for providing diatom and environmental data for streams in Connecticut, the many people involved with the USGS NAWQA program over the years, and the skilled taxonomists at the Patrick Center for Environmental Research at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University and Jan Stevenson's laboratory at Michigan State University for diatom identification. Comments on an earlier draft by John Van Sickle, Kristen Hychka, Anne Kuhn, Glen Thursby, and Matt Baker are greatly appreciated and helped improve this manuscript. Scott Lamed and 4 anonymous referees provided very useful comments that helped improve the clarity and focus of this manuscript. This paper is contribution number AED-11-095 of the Atlantic Ecology Division (AED), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development (ORD), US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Research described in this article has been funded in part by the US EPA, and this manuscript has been reviewed by US EPA's ORD NHEERL AED and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 79 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 70 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 230 EP 249 DI 10.1899/11-171.1 PG 20 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 086FZ UT WOS:000314670800020 ER PT J AU Vesper, S Barnes, C Ciaccio, CE Johanns, A Kennedy, K Murphy, JS Nunez-Alvarez, A Sandel, MT Cox, D Dewalt, G Ashley, PJ AF Vesper, Stephen Barnes, Charles Ciaccio, Christina E. Johanns, Alan Kennedy, Kevin Murphy, Johnna S. Nunez-Alvarez, Arcela Sandel, Megan T. Cox, David Dewalt, Gary Ashley, Peter J. TI Higher Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI) Values Measured in Homes of Asthmatic Children in Boston, Kansas City, and San Diego SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus niger; dust; metric; mold; the United States ID QUANTITATIVE PCR ANALYSIS; HEALTH; IMPACT; MOLDS AB Objective. Mold in water-damaged homes has been linked to asthma. Our objective was to test a new metric to quantify mold exposures in asthmatic children's homes in three widely dispersed cities in the United States. Methods. The Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI) metric was created by the US Environmental Protection Agency, with assistance by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), to quantify mold contamination in US homes. The ERMI values in homes of asthmatic children were determined for the three widely dispersed cities of Boston, Kansas City, and San Diego. Results. Asthmatic children in Boston (n = 76), Kansas City (n 60), and San Diego (n = 93) were found to be living in homes with significantly higher ERMI values than were found in homes randomly selected during the 2006 HUD American Healthy Homes Survey (AHHS) from the same geographic areas (n = 34, 22, and 28, respectively). Taken together, the average ERMI value in the homes with an asthmatic child was 8.73 compared to 3.87 for the AHHS homes. In addition, Kansas City homes of children with "Mild, Moderate, or Severe Persistent Asthma" had average ERMI value of 12.4 compared to 7.9 for homes of children with only "Mild Intermittent Asthma." Aspergillus niger was the only mold of the 36 tested which was measured in significantly greater concentration in the homes of asthmatic children in all three cities. Conclusion. High ERMI values were associated with homes of asthmatic children in three widely dispersed cities in the United States. C1 [Vesper, Stephen] US EPA, NERL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Barnes, Charles; Ciaccio, Christina E.] Childrens Mercy Hosp, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. [Johanns, Alan] City San Diego Lead Safety & Healthy Homes Progra, San Diego, CA USA. [Kennedy, Kevin] Childrens Mercy Hosp & Clin, Ctr Environm Hlth, Kansas City, MO USA. [Murphy, Johnna S.; Sandel, Megan T.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Nunez-Alvarez, Arcela] Calif State Univ, Natl Latino Res Ctr, San Marcos, CA USA. [Cox, David; Dewalt, Gary] QuanTech Inc, Arlington, VA USA. [Ashley, Peter J.] Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Vesper, S (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W ML King Ave,ML 314, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov OI Sandel, Megan/0000-0001-6244-9418 FU HUD [RW86922858-01-0]; US EPA [RW86922858-01-0] FX The synthesis of all three investigations was undertaken with a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement No. RW86922858-01-0 between HUD and the US EPA. The US EPA through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official EPA policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by the EPA for use. Since MSQPCR technology is patented by the US EPA, the Agency has a financial interest in its commercial use. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 21 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PD MAR PY 2013 VL 50 IS 2 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.3109/02770903.2012.740122 PG 7 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 085ZE UT WOS:000314652000007 PM 23137280 ER PT J AU Samy, S Robinson, J Rumsey, IC Walker, JT Hays, MD AF Samy, Shar Robinson, James Rumsey, Ian C. Walker, John T. Hays, Michael D. TI Speciation and trends of organic nitrogen in southeastern US fine particulate matter (PM2.5) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIOMASS BURNING AEROSOLS; FREE AMINO-ACIDS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; SIZE-DISTRIBUTION; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; UNITED-STATES; BROWN CARBON; BLACK CARBON AB The impacts of meteorology and air quality on the concentrations and relative distributions of free and combined amino acids (FAA; CAA) are evaluated during a month-long sampling campaign at a semiurban site in the southeastern U.S. The average FAA concentration in fine aerosols (PM2.5) was 11 +/- 6 ng m(-3), while CAA was found to be several times higher at 46 +/- 21 ng m(-3). Glycine and alanine were the most abundant amino acids, accounting for 48% of FAA and 58% of the CAA, while distinct differences were observed in compound distributions; glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, and threonine accounted for a further 29% of FAA and 30% of the total CAA. An intense rainfall event during the campaign demonstrated the significant impact of meteorological and air quality conditions on FAA-CAA concentrations and distributions. Correlative trends with atmospheric oxidant (ozone) and inorganic nitrogen levels suggest an important role for atmospheric processing. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (quadrupole time-of-flight) technique used in this study allowed for detection of coextracted water-soluble organic compounds and characterization of a larger fraction of the organic nitrogen mass. N-heterocyclic compounds were detected in samples from this campaign, indicating a likely biomass burning source contribution for organic nitrogen. Citation: Samy, S., J. Robinson, I. C. Rumsey, J. T. Walker, and M. D. Hays (2013), Speciation and trends of organic nitrogen in southeastern U. S. fine particulatematter (PM2.5), J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 1996-2006, doi: 10.1029/2012JD017868. C1 [Samy, Shar; Robinson, James; Rumsey, Ian C.; Walker, John T.; Hays, Michael D.] US EPA, NRMRL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Samy, S (reprint author), US EPA, NRMRL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shar.samy@gmail.com; hays.michael@epa.gov RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013; Walker, John/I-8880-2014 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660; Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514 FU U.S. Department of Energy-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors would like to thank Chris Geron for use of sample collection equipment. We would also like to thank Ken Cowan, Tom Kelly, Rob Proost and Elizabeth Hanft for their assistance with the IN sampling and data analysis. Additional funding for this research was provided through a U.S. Department of Energy-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency interagency agreement administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. No official agency endorsement of statements should be inferred. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 55 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1996 EP 2006 DI 10.1029/2012JD017868 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129LM UT WOS:000317841000030 ER PT J AU Pronk, A Nuckols, JR De Roos, AJ Airola, M Colt, JS Cerhan, JR Morton, L Cozen, W Severson, R Blair, A Cleverly, D Ward, MH AF Pronk, Anjoeka Nuckols, John R. De Roos, Anneclaire J. Airola, Matthew Colt, Joanne S. Cerhan, James R. Morton, Lindsay Cozen, Wendy Severson, Richard Blair, Aaron Cleverly, David Ward, Mary H. TI Residential proximity to industrial combustion facilities and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a case-control study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Non-Hodgkin lymphoma; Lymphomas; Dioxins; Air pollution; Geographic information systems; Case-control study ID SOLID-WASTE INCINERATOR; SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; PHENOXY HERBICIDES; CANCER-MORTALITY; FOLLOW-UP; WORKERS; VICINITY; SAMPLES; SOIL AB Background: Residence near municipal solid waste incinerators, a major historical source of dioxin emissions, has been associated with increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in European studies. The aim of our study was to evaluate residence near industrial combustion facilities and estimates of dioxin emissions in relation to NHL risk in the United States. Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study of NHL (1998-2000) in four National Cancer Institute-Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results centers (Detroit, Iowa, Los Angeles, Seattle). Residential histories 15 years before diagnosis (similar date for controls) were linked to an Environmental Protection Agency database of dioxin-emitting facilities for 969 cases and 749 controls. We evaluated proximity (3 and 5 km) to 10 facility types that accounted for >85% of U. S. emissions and a distance-weighted average emission index (AEI [ng toxic equivalency quotient (TEQ)/year]). Results: Proximity to any dioxin-emitting facility was not associated with NHL risk (3 km OR = 1.0, 95% CI 0.8-1.3). Risk was elevated for residence near cement kilns (5 km OR = 1.7, 95% CI 0.8-3.3; 3 km OR = 3.8, 95% CI 1.1-14.0) and reduced for residence near municipal solid waste incinerators (5 km OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9; 3 km OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-1.4). The AEI was not associated with risk of NHL overall. Risk for marginal zone lymphoma was increased for the highest versus lowest quartile (5 km OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.0-6.8; 3 km OR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.1-8.3). Conclusions: Overall, we found no association with residential exposure to dioxins and NHL risk. However, findings for high emissions and marginal zone lymphoma and for specific facility types and all NHL provide some evidence of an association and deserve future study. C1 [Pronk, Anjoeka; Colt, Joanne S.; Morton, Lindsay; Blair, Aaron; Ward, Mary H.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. [Pronk, Anjoeka] TNO, NL-3700 AJ Zeist, Netherlands. [Nuckols, John R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [De Roos, Anneclaire J.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [De Roos, Anneclaire J.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Airola, Matthew] Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. [Cerhan, James R.] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN USA. [Cozen, Wendy] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Cozen, Wendy] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Cozen, Wendy] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Norris Comprehens Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Severson, Richard] Wayne State Univ, Dept Family Med, Detroit, MI USA. [Severson, Richard] Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI USA. [Cleverly, David] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Ward, Mary H.] NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ward, MH (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. EM wardm@mail.nih.gov OI Cerhan, James/0000-0002-7482-178X FU National Institutes of Health, NCI; NCI SEER [N01-PC-65064, N01-PC-67009, N01-CN-67008, N01-CN-67010]; NCI Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch; Colorado State University FX We thank Lonn Tremblay and Nathan Appel of Information Management Systems, Inc for programming support. We also thank Laura Gold, Robert Mathes, Hozefa Divan, and Jim Giglierano and his staff at the Iowa Geologic Survey for their efforts in ground checking residential locations and Abigail Flory of Westat, Inc. for additional verification of GPS locations. This study was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, NCI and by NCI SEER Contracts N01-PC-65064 (Detroit), N01-PC-67009 (Seattle), N01-CN-67008 (Iowa) and N01-CN-67010 (Los Angeles). John Nuckols was supported in part, through an intergovernmental personnel agreement between the NCI Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch and Colorado State University. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 20 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-069X J9 ENVIRON HEALTH-GLOB JI Environ. Health PD FEB 22 PY 2013 VL 12 AR 20 DI 10.1186/1476-069X-12-20 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 108JE UT WOS:000316288100001 PM 23433489 ER PT J AU von Stackelberg, K Buonocore, J Bhave, PV Schwartz, JA AF von Stackelberg, Katherine Buonocore, Jonathan Bhave, Prakash V. Schwartz, Joel A. TI Public health impacts of secondary particulate formation from aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Aromatic hydrocarbons; Secondary organic aerosol (SOA); Secondary particulate; Social cost; Gasoline ID ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION; AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MODEL EVALUATION; SOUTHEASTERN US; PM2.5; MORTALITY; MECHANISMS AB Background: Aromatic hydrocarbons emitted from gasoline-powered vehicles contribute to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which increases the atmospheric mass concentration of fine particles (PM2.5). Here we estimate the public health burden associated with exposures to the subset of PM2.5 that originates from vehicle emissions of aromatics under business as usual conditions. Methods: The PM2.5 contribution from gasoline aromatics is estimated using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system and the results are compared to ambient measurements from the literature. Marginal PM2.5 annualized concentration changes are used to calculate premature mortalities using concentration-response functions, with a value of mortality reduction approach used to monetize the social cost of mortality impacts. Morbidity impacts are qualitatively discussed. Results: Modeled aromatic SOA concentrations from CMAQ fall short of ambient measurements by approximately a factor of two nationwide, with strong regional differences. After accounting for this model bias, the estimated public health impacts from exposure to PM2.5 originating from aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline lead to a central estimate of approximately 3800 predicted premature mortalities nationwide, with estimates ranging from 1800 to over 4700 depending on the specific concentration-response function used. These impacts are associated with total social costs of $28.2B, and range from $13.6B to $34.9B in 2006$. Conclusions: These preliminary quantitative estimates indicate particulates from vehicular emissions of aromatic hydrocarbons demonstrate a nontrivial public health burden. The results provide a baseline from which to evaluate potential public health impacts of changes in gasoline composition. C1 [von Stackelberg, Katherine; Buonocore, Jonathan; Schwartz, Joel A.] Harvard Ctr Risk Anal, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Bhave, Prakash V.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27711 USA. RP von Stackelberg, K (reprint author), Harvard Ctr Risk Anal, 401 Pk Dr,Landmark 404J, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM kvon@hsph.harvard.edu RI Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013 OI Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X FU Boyden Gray Associates FX The authors declare no competing financial interests. Funding for KvS, JB, and JS was provided by the restricted gift from Boyden Gray & Associates, PLLC to the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis. PVB participated as part of employment with the US EPA. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 39 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-069X J9 ENVIRON HEALTH-GLOB JI Environ. Health PD FEB 20 PY 2013 VL 12 AR 19 DI 10.1186/1476-069X-12-19 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 143OW UT WOS:000318878000001 PM 23425393 ER PT J AU Campo, P Venosa, AD Suidan, MT AF Campo, Pablo Venosa, Albert D. Suidan, Makram T. TI Biodegradability of Corexit 9500 and Dispersed South Louisiana Crude Oil at 5 and 25 degrees C SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MASS-TRANSFER LIMITATION; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; GROWTH; BACTERIA; BIOSURFACTANTS; POPULATION; SEAWATER; KINETICS AB The reported persistence of the dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS) surfactant in Corexit 9500 in the oil plumes formed during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill has contributed to concerns regarding the biodegradability and bioavailability of dispersed oil and dispersants used as an oil spill countermeasure in the Gulf of Mexico. We studied the biodegradation of DOSS and dispersed South Louisiana crude oil (SLC) in laboratory microcosms. Two oil-degrading cultures from the Gulf of Mexico were isolated, one from the surface (meso) and one from close to the area of the Macondo well (cryo). Each was enriched on SLC, the former at 25 degrees C, the latter at 5 degrees C. Results indicated that the meso culture rapidly and completely degraded DOSS, alkanes, and aromatics. The cryo culture metabolized the same compounds but with a lag of 28 d and a remaining residual of iso-alkanes, n-C30-35, and the 4-ring PAHs. C1 [Campo, Pablo] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Venosa, Albert D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Suidan, Makram T.] Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Engn & Architecture, Off Dean, Beirut, Lebanon. RP Venosa, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM venosa.albert@epa.gov RI Campo, Pablo/K-7673-2015 OI Campo, Pablo/0000-0001-8569-9620 FU EPA, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH, under Pegasus Technical Services, Inc. [EP-C-11-006] FX We thank Jan Kurtz of EPA's Gulf Ecology Division (GED) at Gulf Breeze, FL, who collected the water samples in the GOM for culture enrichment, and Diane Yates and Richard Devereux, also of GED, who performed the enrichments and provided them for the experiments. We also acknowledge the able assistance of William Platten III, University of Cincinnati, who assisted in the conduct of the microcosm experiments. The research was a product of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) and was funded by EPA, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH, under Pegasus Technical Services, Inc. Contract EP-C-11-006. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 162 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 19 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1960 EP 1967 DI 10.1021/es303881h PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 095IA UT WOS:000315326700023 PM 23363064 ER PT J AU D'Armiento, JM Goldklang, MP Hardigan, AA Geraghty, P Roth, MD Connett, JE Wise, RA Sciurba, FC Scharf, SM Thankachen, J Islam, M Ghio, AJ Foronjy, RF AF D'Armiento, Jeanine M. Goldklang, Monica P. Hardigan, Andrew A. Geraghty, Patrick Roth, Michael D. Connett, John E. Wise, Robert A. Sciurba, Frank C. Scharf, Steven M. Thankachen, Jincy Islam, Monirul Ghio, Andrew J. Foronjy, Robert F. TI Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMPs) Levels Do Not Predict Disease Severity or Progression in Emphysema SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; SMOKE-INDUCED EMPHYSEMA; ADULT-ONSET EMPHYSEMA; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; LUNG-FUNCTION; MATRIX-METALLOPROTEINASE-9; EXPRESSION; COPD; MICE AB Rationale: Though matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are critical in the pathogenesis of COPD, their utility as a disease biomarker remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine whether bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) or plasma MMP measurements correlated with disease severity or functional decline in emphysema. Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and luminex assays measured MMP-1, -9, -12 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in the BALF and plasma of non-smokers, smokers with normal lung function and moderate-to-severe emphysema subjects. In the cohort of 101 emphysema subjects correlative analyses were done to determine if MMP or TIMP-1 levels were associated with key disease parameters or change in lung function over an 18-month time period. Main Results: Compared to non-smoking controls, MMP and TIMP-1 BALF levels were significantly elevated in the emphysema cohort. Though MMP-1 was elevated in both the normal smoker and emphysema groups, collagenase activity was only increased in the emphysema subjects. In contrast to BALF, plasma MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were actually decreased in the emphysema cohort compared to the control groups. Both in the BALF and plasma, MMP and TIMP-1 measurements in the emphysema subjects did not correlate with important disease parameters and were not predictive of subsequent functional decline. Conclusions: MMPs are altered in the BALF and plasma of emphysema; however, the changes in MMPs correlate poorly with parameters of disease intensity or progression. Though MMPs are pivotal in the pathogenesis of COPD, these findings suggest that measuring MMPs will have limited utility as a prognostic marker in this disease. C1 [D'Armiento, Jeanine M.; Goldklang, Monica P.; Thankachen, Jincy; Islam, Monirul] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, New York, NY USA. [Hardigan, Andrew A.; Geraghty, Patrick; Foronjy, Robert F.] St Lukes Roosevelt Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Roth, Michael D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Connett, John E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biostat CCBR, St Paul, MN USA. [Wise, Robert A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Sciurba, Frank C.] Univ Pittsburgh, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Scharf, Steven M.] Univ Maryland, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Foronjy, RF (reprint author), St Lukes Roosevelt Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM rforonjy@chpnet.org OI Wise, Robert/0000-0002-8353-2349 FU National Institutes of Health [HL086936-04, 5R01HL098528-04]; Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute [074047] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (HL086936-04, 5R01HL098528-04) and the Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute (Clinical Innovator Award 074047). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 18 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR e56352 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0056352 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 092YP UT WOS:000315159200038 PM 23441181 ER PT J AU Gaskill, BN Gordon, CJ Pajor, EA Lucas, JR Davis, JK Garner, JP AF Gaskill, Brianna N. Gordon, Christopher J. Pajor, Edmond A. Lucas, Jeffrey R. Davis, Jerry K. Garner, Joseph P. TI Impact of nesting material on mouse body temperature and physiology SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Animal welfare; Behavioral thermoregulation; Enrichment; Nesting material; Mice ID BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; MUS-MUSCULUS; NONSHIVERING THERMOGENESIS; SMALL MAMMALS; HOUSE MOUSE; MICE; HYPOTHESIS; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; HEAT AB In laboratories, mice are housed at 20-24 degrees C, which is below their lower critical temperature (approximate to 30 degrees C). Thus, mice are potentially cold stressed, which can alter metabolism, immune function, and reproduction. These physiological changes reflect impaired wellbeing, and affect scientific outcomes. We hypothesized that nesting material would allow mice to alleviate cold stress by controlling their thermal microenvironment, thus insulating them, reducing heat loss and thermogenic processes. Naive C57BL/6, CD-1, and BALB/c mice (24 male and 24 female/strain in groups of 3) were housed in standard cages at 20 degrees C either with or without 8 g nesting material for 4 weeks. Core body temperature was followed using intraperitoneal radio telemetry. The thermal properties of the nests were assessed using a thermal imaging camera, and related to nest quality. Higher scoring nests were negatively correlated with the mean radiated temperature and were thus more insulating. No effects of nesting material on body temperature were found. CD-1 mice with nesting material had higher end body weights than controls. No effect was seen in the other two strains. Mice with the telemetry implant had larger spleens than controls, possibly indicating an immune response to the implant or low level infection from the surgery. BALB/c mice express less mRNA for the UCP1 protein than mice without nesting material. This indicates that BALB/c's with nesting material do not utilize their brown fat to create heat as readily as controls. Nests can alleviate thermal discomfort by decreasing the amount of radiated heat and reduce the need for non-shivering thermogenesis. However, different strains appear to use different behavioral (through different primary modes of behavioral thermoregulation) and physiological strategies (utilizing thermogenesis to different degrees) to maintain a constant body temperature under cool standard laboratory ambient temperatures. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gaskill, Brianna N.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Anim Behav & Well Being Grp, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gaskill, Brianna N.] Charles River Labs, Wilmington, MA 01887 USA. [Gordon, Christopher J.] Environm Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Pajor, Edmond A.] Univ Calgary, Dept Prod Anim Hlth, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. [Lucas, Jeffrey R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Garner, Joseph P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Comparat Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Davis, Jerry K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Comparat Pathobiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Gaskill, BN (reprint author), Charles River Labs, 251 Ballardvale St, Wilmington, MA 01887 USA. EM brianna.gaskill@crl.com RI Gaskill, Brianna/F-5950-2011; Garner, Joseph/C-8422-2009 OI Gaskill, Brianna/0000-0002-1884-803X; FU Universities Federation for Animal Welfare; Grants for Laboratory Animal Sciences FX This work was supported by a grant from the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare and Grants for Laboratory Animal Sciences. A special thank you to Charles River laboratories for donating all of the mice used in this study as well as Fiber Core for donating the nesting material. We would also like to thank Elsa Pioli, Jon Klein, Brett Dufour, and Jarred Gaskill for assisting with surgery and data collection and Jason Fields for animal care. Authors BNG, CJG, EAP, JRL, and JPG conceived and designed the experiment and BNG executed the experiment. NR 46 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 52 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD FEB 17 PY 2013 VL 110 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.12.018 PG 9 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 133IM UT WOS:000318132100014 PM 23313562 ER PT J AU Li, SB Irin, F Atore, FO Green, MJ Canas-Carrell, JE AF Li, Shibin Irin, Fahmida Atore, Francis O. Green, Micah J. Canas-Carrell, Jaclyn E. TI Determination of multi-walled carbon nanotube bioaccumulation in earthworms measured by a microwave-based detection technique SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanotubes; Microwave; Earthworm; Bioaccumulation ID HAZARDOUS ELEMENTS; SINGLE; NANOPARTICLES; TOXICITY; SOILS; SPECTROSCOPY; DISPERSIONS; MINERALS; EXPOSURE; ORGANISM AB Reliable quantification techniques for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are limited. In this study, a new procedure was developed for quantifying multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) based on freeze drying and microwave-induced heating. Specifically, earthworms were first processed into a powder by freeze drying. Then, samples were measured by utilizing 10 s exposure to 30 W microwave power. This method showed the potential to quantitatively measure MWNTs in earthworms at low concentrations (similar to 0.1 mu g in 20 mg of earthworm). Also, a simple MWNT bioaccumulation study in earthworms indicated a low bioaccumulation factor of 0.015 +/- 0.004. With an appropriate sample processing method and instrumental parameters (power and exposure time), this technique has the potential to quantify MWNTs in a variety of sample types (plants, earthworms, human blood, etc.). (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Shibin; Canas-Carrell, Jaclyn E.] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth TIEHH, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Irin, Fahmida; Atore, Francis O.; Green, Micah J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Li, SB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN USA. EM li.shibin@epa.gov RI Green, Micah/C-7647-2011 OI Green, Micah/0000-0001-5691-0861 FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [CBET-1133250] FX Funding was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under award CBET-1133250. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 445 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.037 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 115QK UT WOS:000316826800002 PM 23298789 ER PT J AU Kummarapurugu, AB Fischer, BM Zheng, S Milne, GL Ghio, AJ Potts-Kant, EN Foster, WM Soderblom, EJ Dubois, LG Moseley, MA Thompson, JW Voynow, JA AF Kummarapurugu, Apparao B. Fischer, Bernard M. Zheng, Shuo Milne, Ginger L. Ghio, Andrew J. Potts-Kant, Erin N. Foster, W. Michael Soderblom, Erik J. Dubois, Laura G. Moseley, M. Arthur Thompson, J. Will Voynow, Judith A. TI NADPH: Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 Regulates Host Susceptibility to Ozone via Isoprostane Generation SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; LIPID OZONATION PRODUCTS; IN-VITRO; NAD(P)H-QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE-1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; OXIDATIVE STRESS; AIR-POLLUTION; IL-8 EXPRESSION; REDOX CONTROL AB NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is recognized as a major susceptibility gene for ozone-induced pulmonary toxicity. In the absence of NQO1 as can occur by genetic mutation, the human airway is protected from harmful effects of ozone. We recently reported that NQO1-null mice are protected from airway hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary inflammation following ozone exposure. However, NQO1 regenerates intracellular antioxidants and therefore should protect the individual from oxidative stress. To explain this paradox, we tested whether in the absence of NQO1 ozone exposure results in increased generation of A(2)-isoprostane, a cyclopentenone isoprostane that blunts inflammation. Using GC-MS, we found that NQO1-null mice had greater lung tissue levels of D-2- and E-2-isoprostanes, the precursors of J(2)- and A(2)-isoprostanes, both at base line and following ozone exposure compared with congenic wild-type mice. We confirmed in primary cultures of normal human bronchial epithelial cells that A(2)-isoprostane inhibited ozone-induced NF-kappa B activation and IL-8 regulation. Furthermore, we determined that A(2)-isoprostane covalently modified the active Cys(179) domain in inhibitory kappa B kinase in the presence of ozone in vitro, thus establishing the biochemical basis for A(2)-isoprostane inhibition of NF-kappa B. Our results demonstrate that host factors may regulate pulmonary susceptibility to ozone by regulating the generation of A(2)-isoprostanes in the lung. These observations provide the biochemical basis for the epidemiologic observation that NQO1 regulates pulmonary susceptibility to ozone. C1 [Kummarapurugu, Apparao B.; Fischer, Bernard M.; Zheng, Shuo; Voynow, Judith A.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Pulm & Sleep Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Potts-Kant, Erin N.; Foster, W. Michael] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Med, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Soderblom, Erik J.; Dubois, Laura G.; Moseley, M. Arthur; Thompson, J. Will] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Genome Sci & Policy, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Milne, Ginger L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Milne, Ginger L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Voynow, JA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Pulm & Sleep Med, Box 102360, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM voyno001@mc.duke.edu RI Milne, Ginger/D-7648-2014 OI Milne, Ginger/0000-0003-3890-151X FU National Institutes of Health [R01 ES016836] FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grant R01 ES016836. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 288 IS 7 BP 4681 EP 4691 DI 10.1074/jbc.M112.438440 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 095ND UT WOS:000315340400017 PM 23275341 ER PT J AU Beedlow, PA Lee, EH Tingey, DT Waschmann, RS Burdick, CA AF Beedlow, Peter A. Lee, E. Henry Tingey, David T. Waschmann, Ronald S. Burdick, Connie A. TI The importance of seasonal temperature and moisture patterns on growth of Douglas-fir in western Oregon, USA SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Temperature optimum; Climate change; Pacific Northwest; Normalized growth rate; Plant available water; Summer drought ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TREE GROWTH; ABIES-BALSAMEA; NORWAY SPRUCE; STEM RADIUS; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; CAMBIAL PHENOLOGY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Douglas-fir growth in the Pacific Northwest is thought to be water limited. However, discerning the relative influence of air temperature and plant available soil water (W) on growth is difficult because they interact with each other, with other climate factors and with the inherent seasonal timing of cambial activity. Douglas-fir growth response to air temperature and W patterns during the growing season was examined using time series regression analysis of dendrometer data collected at approximately four-week intervals from 1998 through 2009. Five study sites were located in mature forest stands along an elevation gradient from the Pacific coast to the west slope of the Cascade Mountains (similar to 1200 m) in Oregon, USA. Maximum daily air temperature (T) and W were similar in relative importance to tree growth at four of the five sites. W was substantially more important at one site. Growth rate increased with T to an optimum (T-opt) and decreased with higher T. At the two drier sites T and W affected growth interactively in that T-opt decreased with decreasing W. We conclude that both T and W affect growth and that T consistently limits growth at three of the five sites and at all sites in years with above average summer temperature. Should climate change result in hotter summers in the region as predicted by climate models, we suggest that Douglas-fir will experience progressive temperature limitation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Beedlow, Peter A.; Lee, E. Henry; Tingey, David T.; Waschmann, Ronald S.; Burdick, Connie A.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Beedlow, PA (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM beedlow.peter@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors thank Drs. David E. Hibbs, David Woodruff, James D. Lewis and Douglas G. Sprugel for their thoughtful reviews and helpful suggestions. The research described in this article has been funded wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 71 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 93 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 169 BP 174 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.10.010 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 078GT UT WOS:000314087400016 ER PT J AU Luijten, M Singh, AV Bastian, CA Westerman, A Pisano, MM Pennings, JLA Verhoef, A Green, ML Piersma, AH de Vries, A Knudsen, TB AF Luijten, Mirjam Singh, Amar V. Bastian, Caleb A. Westerman, Anja Pisano, M. Michele Pennings, Jeroen L. A. Verhoef, Aart Green, Maia L. Piersma, Aldert H. de Vries, Annemieke Knudsen, Thomas B. TI Lasting Effects on Body Weight and Mammary Gland Gene Expression in Female Mice upon Early Life Exposure to n-3 but Not n-6 High-Fat Diets SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; PREPUBERTAL LOW-FAT; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; MATERNAL DIET; DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; OBESE SUBJECTS; ESTROUS-CYCLE; ACID DIETS AB Exposure to an imbalance of nutrients prior to conception and during critical developmental periods can have lasting consequences on physiological processes resulting in chronic diseases later in life. Developmental programming has been shown to involve structural and functional changes in important tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether early life diet has a programming effect on the mammary gland. Wild-type mice were exposed from 2 weeks prior to conception to 6 weeks of age to a regular low-fat diet, or to high-fat diets based on either corn oil or flaxseed oil. At 6 weeks of age, all mice were shifted to the regular low-fat diet until termination at 10 weeks of age. Early life exposure to a high-fat diet, either high in n-6 (corn oil) or in n-3 (flaxseed oil) polyunsaturated fatty acids, did not affect birth weight, but resulted in an increased body weight at 10 weeks of age. Transcriptome analyses of the fourth abdominal mammary gland revealed differentially expressed genes between the different treatment groups. Exposure to high-fat diet based on flaxseed oil, but not on corn oil, resulted in regulation of pathways involved in energy metabolism, immune response and inflammation. Our findings suggest that diet during early life indeed has a lasting effect on the mammary gland and significantly influences postnatal body weight gain, metabolic status, and signaling networks in the mammary gland of female offspring. C1 [Luijten, Mirjam; Westerman, Anja; Pennings, Jeroen L. A.; Verhoef, Aart; Piersma, Aldert H.; de Vries, Annemieke] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Lab Hlth Protect Res, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Singh, Amar V.; Bastian, Caleb A.; Pisano, M. Michele; Green, Maia L.; Knudsen, Thomas B.] Univ Louisville, Dept Mol Cellular & Craniofacial Biol, Birth Defects Ctr, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Knudsen, Thomas B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Knudsen, TB (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Mol Cellular & Craniofacial Biol, Birth Defects Ctr, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM knudsen.thomas@epa.gov RI Singh, Amar/K-4400-2013; OI Singh, Amar/0000-0003-3780-8233; Pennings, Jeroen L.A./0000-0002-9188-6358 FU NIH [R21 ES013821, R25 CA044789, P30 ES014443]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Cancer Institute; Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, University of Louisville Center for Integrative Biology and Environmental Genomics FX This research was supported by NIH grant R21 ES013821, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (http://www.niehs.nih.gov). C.B. was supported on a fellowship from NIH grant R25 CA044789, National Cancer Institute (http://www.cancer.gov) Additional support is acknowledged from Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, University of Louisville Center for Integrative Biology and Environmental Genomics, funded by NIH grant P30 ES014443, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (http://www.niehs.nih.gov). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 7 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR e55603 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0055603 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 092XV UT WOS:000315157200043 PM 23409006 ER PT J AU Burkhard, LP Borga, K Powell, DE Leonards, P Muir, DCG Parkerton, TF Woodburn, KB AF Burkhard, Lawrence P. Borga, Katrine Powell, David E. Leonards, Pim Muir, Derek C. G. Parkerton, Thomas F. Woodburn, Kent B. TI Improving the Quality and Scientific Understanding of Trophic Magnification Factors (TMFs) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Burkhard, Lawrence P.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Borga, Katrine] Norwegian Inst Water Res NIVA, Oslo, Norway. [Powell, David E.; Woodburn, Kent B.] Dow Corning Corp, Hlth & Environm Sci, Midland, MI 48640 USA. [Leonards, Pim] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Environm Studies, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Muir, Derek C. G.] Environm Canada, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Aquat Contaminants Res Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Parkerton, Thomas F.] ExxonMobil Biomed Sci, Houston, TX 77002 USA. RP Burkhard, LP (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM burkhard.lawrence@epa.gov RI Leonards, Pim/N-3040-2013 NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1186 EP 1187 DI 10.1021/es305253r PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 086HU UT WOS:000314675500004 PM 23320844 ER PT J AU Hendren, CO Lowry, M Grieger, KD Money, ES Johnston, JM Wiesner, MR Beaulieu, SM AF Hendren, Christine Ogilvie Lowry, Michael Grieger, Khara D. Money, Eric S. Johnston, John M. Wiesner, Mark R. Beaulieu, Stephen M. TI Modeling Approaches for Characterizing and Evaluating Environmental Exposure to Engineered Nanomaterials in Support of Risk-Based Decision Making SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID COLLOID TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; CONSUMER PRODUCTS; BAYESIAN NETWORK; NANOPARTICLES; BIOACCUMULATION; MANAGEMENT; WATER; DEPOSITION; UNCERTAINTIES AB As the use of engineered nanomaterials becomes more prevalent, the likelihood of unintended exposure to these materials also increases. Given the current scarcity of experimental data regarding fate, transport, and bioavailability, determining potential environmental exposure to these materials requires an in depth analysis of modeling techniques that can be used in both the near- and long-term. Here, we provide a critical review of traditional and emerging exposure modeling approaches to highlight the challenges that scientists and decision-makers face when developing environmental exposure and risk assessments for nanomaterials. We find that accounting for nanospecific properties, overcoming data gaps, realizing model limitations, and handling uncertainty are key to developing informative and reliable environmental exposure and risk assessments for engineered nanomaterials. We find methods suited to recognizing and addressing significant uncertainty to be most appropriate for near-term environmental exposure modeling, given the current state of information and the current insufficiency of established deterministic models to address environmental exposure to engineered nanomaterials. C1 [Hendren, Christine Ogilvie; Lowry, Michael; Grieger, Khara D.; Beaulieu, Stephen M.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Johnston, John M.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Money, Eric S.; Wiesner, Mark R.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Hendren, Christine Ogilvie; Money, Eric S.; Wiesner, Mark R.] Duke Univ, Ctr Environm Implicat NanoTechnol CEINT, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Hendren, CO (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM christine.hendren@duke.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under NSF, Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) [EF-0830093] FX We greatly appreciate the contributions of Evan Bowles and Kyle Beaulieu in the development of this manuscript; Fran Rauschenberg is also thanked for technical editing. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under NSF Cooperative Agreement EF-0830093, Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT). This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the US Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 114 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 123 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1190 EP 1205 DI 10.1021/es302749u PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 086HU UT WOS:000314675500006 PM 23293982 ER PT J AU Biales, AD Kostich, M Burgess, RM Ho, KT Bencic, DC Flick, RL Portis, LM Pelletier, MC Perron, MM Reiss, M AF Biales, Adam D. Kostich, Mitchell Burgess, Robert M. Ho, Kay T. Bencic, David C. Flick, Robert L. Portis, Lisa M. Pelletier, Marguerite C. Perron, Monique M. Reiss, Mark TI Linkage of Genomic Biomarkers to Whole Organism End Points in a Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT QUALITY CRITERIA; TECHNICAL BASIS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; CALIFORNIA; FISH; VITELLOGENIN; PESTICIDES; CHEMICALS; RESPONSES; REVEALS AB Aquatic organisms are exposed to many toxic chemicals and interpreting the cause and effect relationships between occurrence and impairment is difficult. Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) provides a systematic approach for identifying responsible toxicants. TIE relies on relatively uninformative and potentially insensitive toxicological end points. Gene expression analysis may provide needed sensitivity and specificity aiding in the identification of primary toxicants. The current work aims to determine the added benefit of integrating gene expression end points into the TIE process. A cDNA library and a custom microarray were constructed for the marine amphipod Ampelisca abdita. Phase 1 TIEs were conducted using 10% and 40% dilutions of acutely toxic sediment. Gene expression was monitored in survivors and controls. An expression-based classifier was developed and evaluated against control organisms, organisms exposed to low or medium toxicity diluted sediment, and chemically selective manipulations of highly toxic sediment. The expression-based classifier correctly identified organisms exposed to toxic sediment even when little mortality was observed, suggesting enhanced sensitivity of the TIE process. The ability of the expression-based end point to correctly identify toxic sediment was lost concomitantly with acute toxicity when organic contaminants were removed. Taken together, this suggests that gene expression enhances the performance of the TIE process. C1 [Biales, Adam D.; Kostich, Mitchell; Bencic, David C.; Flick, Robert L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab AWBERC, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Burgess, Robert M.; Ho, Kay T.; Portis, Lisa M.; Pelletier, Marguerite C.; Perron, Monique M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Reiss, Mark] US EPA, New York, NY 10007 USA. RP Biales, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab AWBERC, MD 592 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM biales.adam@epa.gov NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1306 EP 1312 DI 10.1021/es304274a PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 086HU UT WOS:000314675500019 PM 23305514 ER PT J AU Schechter, SP Bruns, TD AF Schechter, Shannon P. Bruns, Thomas D. TI A Common Garden Test of Host-Symbiont Specificity Supports a Dominant Role for Soil Type in Determining AMF Assemblage Structure in Collinsia sparsiflora SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; SERPENTINE SOILS; LOCAL ADAPTATION; PLANT HOST; DIVERSITY; ROOTS; GLOMEROMYCOTA; ENVIRONMENT AB Specialization in plant host-symbiont-soil interactions may help mediate plant adaptation to edaphic stress. Our previous field study showed ecological evidence for host-symbiont specificity between serpentine and non-serpentine adapted ecotypes of Collinsia sparsiflora and arbuscular mycorrrhizal fungi (AMF). To test for adapted plant ecotype-AMF specificity between C. sparsiflora ecotypes and field AMF taxa, we conducted an AMF common garden greenhouse experiment. We grew C. sparsiflora ecotypes individually in a common pool of serpentine and non-serpentine AMF then identified the root AMF by amplifying rDNA, cloning, and sequencing and compared common garden AMF associates to serpentine and non-serpentine AMF controls. Mixing of serpentine and non-serpentine AMF soil inoculum resulted in an intermediate soil classified as non-serpentine soil type. Within this common garden both host ecotypes associated with AMF assemblages that resembled those seen in a non-serpentine soil. ANOSIM analysis and MDS ordination showed that common garden AMF assemblages differed significantly from those in the serpentine-only controls (R = 0.643, P < 0.001), but were similar the non-serpentine-only control AMF assemblages (R = 0.081, P < 0.31). There was no evidence of adapted host ecotype-AMF specificity. Instead soil type accounted for most of the variation AM fungi association patterns, and some differences between field and greenhouse behavior of individual AM fungi were found. C1 [Schechter, Shannon P.; Bruns, Thomas D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schechter, SP (reprint author), US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK USA. EM Schechter.Shannon@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program; University of California Natural Reserve System; Mycological Society of San Francisco; NSF [2036096] FX This research has been supported by a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program (http://www.epa.gov/ncer/rfa/2012/2012_star_gradfellow.html), by a grant from the University of California Natural Reserve System (http://nrs.ucop.edu/), a grant from the Mycological Society of San Francisco (http://www.mssf.org/), and NSF Grant #2036096 (T.D. Bruns). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 82 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR e55507 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0055507 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 086NV UT WOS:000314692800042 PM 23393588 ER PT J AU Ramakrishnan, A Surampalli, RY AF Ramakrishnan, Anushuya Surampalli, Rao Y. TI Performance of anaerobic hybrid reactors for the treatment of complex phenolic wastewaters with biogas recirculation SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coal wastewater; Biogas recirculation; Sludge; Methane ID SLUDGE BLANKET REACTOR; WASTE-WATER; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; CRESOL AB This study investigates the application of a novel anaerobic hybrid reactor (AHR) configuration, incorporating support media for biomass immobilisation and biogas recirculation for improved mixing towards the anaerobic treatment of complex phenolic wastewater. Synthetic coal wastewater with an average phenolics and COD concentration of 752 and 2240 mg L-1 was used as substrate. Biogas recirculation was employed at four different rates of 11.25, 16.87, 25.30 and 37.95 L d(-1) for 100 days. Phenolics and COD removal improved with increase in biogas recirculation. After 120 days of continuous operation, the results revealed that a high amount (14.0 g VSS) of biomass was able to attach itself to the support medium. The investigated AHR configuration achieved phenolics and COD removal efficiencies of 95% and 92% respectively at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 0.33 d. The corresponding average methane production obtained in this study was 0.02 mol methane g(-1) COD. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ramakrishnan, Anushuya] UT Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Surampalli, Rao Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Ramakrishnan, A (reprint author), UT Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX USA. EM anushuyar@gmail.com NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 129 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.035 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 220EU UT WOS:000324566000005 PM 23232220 ER PT J AU Gallagher, JE Hubal, EC Jackson, L Inmon, J Hudgens, E Williams, AH Lobdell, D Rogers, J Wade, T AF Gallagher, Jane E. Hubal, Elaine Cohen Jackson, Laura Inmon, Jefferson Hudgens, Edward Williams, Ann H. Lobdell, Danelle Rogers, John Wade, Timothy TI Sustainability, Health and Environmental Metrics: Impact on Ranking and Associations with Socioeconomic Measures for 50 US Cities SO SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Article DE cities; socioeconomic; integration; sustainability; environment; health; indices AB Waste and materials management, land use planning, transportation and infrastructure including water and energy can have indirect or direct beneficial impacts on the environment and public health. The potential for impact, however, is rarely viewed in an integrated fashion. To facilitate such an integrated view in support of community-based policy decision making, we catalogued and evaluated associations between common, publically available, Environmental (e), Health (h), and Sustainability (s) metrics and sociodemographic measurements (n = 10) for 50 populous U.S. cities. E, H, S indices combined from two sources were derived from component (e) (h) (s) metrics for each city. A composite EHS Index was derived to reflect the integration across the E, H, and S indices. Rank order of high performing cities was highly dependent on the E, H and S indices considered. When viewed together with sociodemographic measurements, our analyses further the understanding of the interplay between these broad categories and reveal significant sociodemographic disparities (e.g., race, education, income) associated with low performing cities. Our analyses demonstrate how publically available environmental, health, sustainability and socioeconomic data sets can be used to better understand interconnections between these diverse domains for more holistic community assessments. C1 [Gallagher, Jane E.; Jackson, Laura; Inmon, Jefferson; Hudgens, Edward; Williams, Ann H.; Lobdell, Danelle; Wade, Timothy] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hubal, Elaine Cohen] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rogers, John] WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Gallagher, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gallagher.jane@epa.gov; hubal.elaine@epa.gov; jackson.laura@epa.gov; inmon.jeff@epa.gov; hudgens.edward@epa.gov; williams.annh@epa.gov; lobdell.danelle@epa.gov; wade.tim@epa.gov FU [EPA-D-07-109] FX The authors are grateful to Urban Environment Report project lead, Emily Hostetter, Director of Research and Technology at Earth Day Network and SustainLane's W. Kalenzig's vision and data team. The work was supported in part under contract number EPA-D-07-109 to Westat, Inc., Rockville MD. The perspectives expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products or linked web sites or any material contained on any linked web site does not constitute agency endorsement or recommendations for use. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 17 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2071-1050 J9 SUSTAINABILITY-BASEL JI Sustainability PD FEB PY 2013 VL 5 IS 2 BP 789 EP 804 DI 10.3390/su5020789 PG 16 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213GS UT WOS:000324044400025 ER PT J AU La Merrill, M Emond, C Kim, MJ Antignac, JP Le Bizec, B Clement, K Birnbaum, LS Barouki, R AF La Merrill, Michele Emond, Claude Kim, Min Ji Antignac, Jean-Philippe Le Bizec, Bruno Clement, Karine Birnbaum, Linda S. Barouki, Robert TI Toxicological Function of Adipose Tissue: Focus on Persistent Organic Pollutants SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE adipose tissue; aryl hydrocarbon receptor; development; diabetes; dioxin; inflammation; obesity; obesogens; polychlorinated biphenyls; toxicity; toxicokinetics ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; LIPID-METABOLISM; FAT MASS; BODY-FAT; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; LIPOPHILIC CHEMICALS; PERINATAL EXPOSURE AB BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue (AT) is involved in several physiological functions, including metabolic regulation, energy storage, and endocrine functions. OBJECTIVES: In this review we examined the evidence that an additional function of AT is to modulate persistent organic pollutant (POP) toxicity through several mechanisms. METHODS: We reviewed the literature on the interaction of AT with POPs to provide a comprehensive model for this additional function of AT. DISCUSSION: As a storage compartment for lipophilic POPs, AT plays a critical role in the toxicokinetics of a variety of drugs and pollutants, in particular, POPs. By sequestering POPs, AT can protect other organs and tissues from POPs overload. However, this protective function could prove to be a threat in the long run. The accumulation of lipophilic POPs will increase total body burden. These accumulated POPs are slowly released into the bloodstream, and more so during weight loss. Thus, AT constitutes a continual source of internal exposure to POPs. In addition to its buffering function, AT is also a target of POPs and may mediate part of their metabolic effects. This is particularly relevant because many POPs induce obesogenic effects that may lead to quantitative and qualitative alterations of AT. Some POPs also induce a proinflammatory state in AT, which may lead to detrimental metabolic effects. CONCLUSION: AT appears to play diverse functions both as a modulator and as a target of POPs toxicity. C1 [La Merrill, Michele] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. [Emond, Claude] BioSimulat Consulting Inc, Newark, DE USA. [Emond, Claude] Univ Montreal, Dept Sante Environm & Sante Travail, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Kim, Min Ji; Barouki, Robert] INSERM, UMR S 747, Paris, France. [Kim, Min Ji; Barouki, Robert] Univ Paris 05, Ctr Univ St Peres, F-75270 Paris 06, France. [Kim, Min Ji; Barouki, Robert] Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Assistance Publ Hop Paris, Paris, France. [Kim, Min Ji] Univ Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cite, INSERM, U698, Bobigny, France. [Antignac, Jean-Philippe; Le Bizec, Bruno] Atlanpole La Chantrerie, LABERCA, USC INRA 2013, ONIRIS, Nantes, France. [Clement, Karine] INSERM, U872, Nutriom Equipe 7, Paris, France. [Clement, Karine] Univ Paris 06, UMR S 872, Ctr Rech Cordeliers, Paris, France. [Clement, Karine] Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Assistance Publ Hop Paris, Dept Nutr & Endocrinol, Paris, France. [Clement, Karine] CRNH Ile France, Paris, France. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] NCI, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Barouki, R (reprint author), Univ Paris 05, INSERM, UMRS 747, Ctr Univ St Peres, 45 Rue St Peres, F-75270 Paris 06, France. EM robert.barouki@parisdescartes.fr RI Tuomisto, Jouko/J-7450-2012; OI LE BIZEC, Bruno/0000-0002-0600-5895; ANTIGNAC, Jean-Philippe/0000-0001-9512-9314 FU INSERM (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); Universite Paris Descartes; Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) FX This study was funded by INSERM (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the Universite Paris Descartes, the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, and INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique). NR 98 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 6 U2 80 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 121 IS 2 BP 162 EP 169 DI 10.1289/ehp.1205485 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 208SX UT WOS:000323700900016 PM 23221922 ER PT J AU Bertelsen, RJ Carlsen, KCL Calafat, AM Hoppin, JA Haland, G Mowinckel, P Carlsen, KH Lovik, M AF Bertelsen, Randi J. Carlsen, Karin C. Lodrup Calafat, Antonia M. Hoppin, Jane A. Haland, Geir Mowinckel, Petter Carlsen, Kai-Hakon Lovik, Martinus TI Urinary Biomarkers for Phthalates Associated with Asthma in Norwegian Children SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE asthma; biomarkers; children; endocrine disruptors; phthalates ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; INTERIOR SURFACE MATERIALS; NEW-YORK-CITY; METABOLITE LEVELS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; BIRTH COHORT; EXPOSURE; VARIABILITY; PRODUCTS; OSLO AB BACKGROUND: High-molecular-weight phthalates in indoor dust have been associated with asthma in children, but few studies have evaluated phthalate biomarkers in association with respiratory outcomes. OBJECTIVES: We explored the association between urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and current asthma. METHODS: In a cross-sectional analysis, 11 metabolites of 8 phthalates [including four metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate] were measured in one first morning void collected from 2001 through 2004 from 623 10-year-old Norwegian children. Logistic regression models controlling for urine specific gravity, sex, parental asthma, and income were used to estimate associations between current asthma and phthalate metabolite concentrations by quartiles or as log(10)-transformed variables. RESULTS: Current asthma was associated with both mono(carboxyoctyl) phthalate (MCOP) and mono(carboxynonyl) phthalate (MCNP), although the association was limited to those in the highest quartile of these chemicals. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for current asthma was 1.9 (95% CI: 1.0, 3.3) for the highest MCOP quartile compared with the lowest quartile, and 1.3 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.7) for an interquartile-range increase. The aOR for current asthma was 2.2 (95% CI: 1.2, 4.0) for the highest MCNP quartile and 1.3 (95% CI: 1.0, 1.7) for an interquartile-range increase. The other phthalate metabolites were not associated with current asthma. CONCLUSIONS: Current asthma was associated with the highest quartiles of MCOP and MCNP, metabolites of two high molecular weight phthalates, diisononyl phthalate and diisodecyl phthalate, respectively. Given the short biological half-life of the phthalates and the cross-sectional design, our findings should be interpreted cautiously. C1 [Bertelsen, Randi J.; Lovik, Martinus] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Food Water & Cosmet, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. [Bertelsen, Randi J.; Hoppin, Jane A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Carlsen, Karin C. Lodrup; Haland, Geir; Mowinckel, Petter; Carlsen, Kai-Hakon] Oslo Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Oslo, Norway. [Carlsen, Karin C. Lodrup; Haland, Geir; Carlsen, Kai-Hakon] Univ Oslo, Fac Med, Oslo, Norway. [Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bertelsen, RJ (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Food Water & Cosmet, POB 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. EM randi.jacobsen.bertelsen@fhi.no FU Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Research Council of Norway; Oslo University Hospital; Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); AstraZeneca Norway; Sixth EU Framework program for research [FOOD-CT-2004-506378] FX The study was funded by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Research Council of Norway, and Oslo University Hospital, and supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). An unrestricted grant from the AstraZeneca Norway fund for research within pulmonology was given in 2006 to G.H. for the cost of phthalate analyses in urine. The sponsor had no influence on the analyses, interpretation, or presentation. The study was performed within ORAACLE (the Oslo Research Group of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood: the Lung and Environment), a member of GA2LEN (Global Allergy and Asthma European Network), supported by the Sixth EU Framework program for research, contract FOOD-CT-2004-506378. NR 38 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 39 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 121 IS 2 BP 251 EP 256 DI 10.1289/ehp.1205256 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 208SX UT WOS:000323700900029 PM 23164678 ER PT J AU Teague, A Christian, J Bedient, P AF Teague, Aarin Christian, Jason Bedient, Philip TI Radar Rainfall Application in Distributed Hydrologic Modeling for Cypress Creek Watershed, Texas SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Radar rainfall; Distributed hydrologic model; Physically based models ID REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; FLOOD; REFLECTIVITY; SIMULATION; PREDICTION; ACCURACY; WSR-88D; SYSTEM; BIAS AB Recent advances in hydrologic models have depended on the use of radar rainfall input in physically based, fully distributed models. Previous research conducted for case studies near Houston, Texas, have focused on the use of radar rainfall for large storm events such as tropical storms and hurricanes. A fully distributed model, Vflo, was used to model streamflow during small storm events in the Cypress Creek watershed, near Houston, Texas. Two events were simulated both with rain gauge-corrected radar data and exclusively with rain gauges. Then a third event was modeled exclusively with rain gauge data to assess model performance with only rain gauge data. The modeled streamflow was then compared to the USGS observed streamflow, using peak streamflow, time to peak, and volume streamflow, to evaluate the model performance between radar and rain gauge input. A comparison of the models for the events shows that the radar input results better match the observed streamflow for the streamflow volume and peak streamflow. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000567. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Teague, Aarin] San Antonio River Author, San Antonio, TX 78283 USA. [Teague, Aarin] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Christian, Jason] Univ Georgia, Fac Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bedient, Philip] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX USA. RP Teague, A (reprint author), San Antonio River Author, San Antonio, TX 78283 USA. EM ateague@sara-tx.org NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 18 IS 2 SI SI BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000567 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 111ZK UT WOS:000316560700011 ER PT J AU Lapin, CN Etterson, MA Niemi, GJ AF Lapin, Carly N. Etterson, Matthew A. Niemi, Gerald J. TI OCCURRENCE OF THE CONNECTICUT WARBLER INCREASES WITH SIZE OF PATCHES OF CONIFEROUS FOREST SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Akaike's information criterion; Connecticut Warbler; habitat selection; model averaging; Oporornis agilis ID NESTING SUCCESS; BOREAL FOREST; HABITAT HETEROGENEITY; AREA-SENSITIVITY; LANDSCAPE; BIRDS; MODELS; FRAGMENTATION; INFORMATION; MANAGEMENT AB The Connecticut Warbler (Oporornis agilis) is a rare and declining neotropical migrant that breeds in the north-central United States and south-central Canada. To better understand the species' habitat needs, we analyzed 371 observations of the Connecticut Warbler over 18 years at 86 sites in 28 stands of forest in northern Minnesota. We considered the habitat and landscape at three spatial scales (buffer radii of 100, 500, and 1000 m) and regressed combinations of habitat variables with two response variables, the Connecticut Warbler's abundance (the total number of individuals ever recorded at a site or stand, with a zero-inflated negative binomial distribution) and frequency (the number of years recorded out of 18, with logistic regression). From a subset of models retained on the basis of Akaike's information criterion, we calculated model-averaged predictions for each combination of buffer size and response variable. Models based on Connecticut Warbler frequency at the 1000-m buffer performed best in comparisons of model-averaged predictions to observed data. At the 1000-m scale, Connecticut Warblers were positively associated with a combination of large patches of upland coniferous and lowland black spruce forest and were negatively associated with upland deciduous forest. From these models, we mapped predicted breeding habitat for the Connecticut Warbler in the areas sampled in northern Minnesota. C1 [Lapin, Carly N.; Niemi, Gerald J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Lapin, Carly N.; Niemi, Gerald J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Integrated Biosci, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Etterson, Matthew A.] US EPA, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Lapin, Carly N.; Niemi, Gerald J.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. RP Lapin, CN (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, 1049 Univ Dr, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM gniemi@d.umn.edu NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 24 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2013 VL 115 IS 1 BP 168 EP 177 DI 10.1525/cond.2013.110202 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 099XS UT WOS:000315659800019 ER PT J AU Salih, HH Patterson, CL Sorial, GA AF Salih, Hafiz H. Patterson, Craig L. Sorial, George A. TI Comparative Study on the Implication of Three Nanoparticles on the Removal of Trichloroethylene by Adsorption-Pilot and Rapid Small-Scale Column Tests SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Activated carbon; Adsorption; Nanoparticles; Rapid small-scale column test; RSSCT; Trichloroethylene ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON; PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; WATER; ATRAZINE; IMPACT; MICROPOLLUTANTS; FATE AB The impact of three commercially available nanoparticles (NPs) on trichloroethylene (TCE) adsorption onto granular activated carbon (GAC) was investigated. TCE adsorption isotherm and column breakthrough experiments were conducted in the presence and absence of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, and iron oxide nanoparticles. A rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT) was assessed for its ability to predict TCE adsorption in pilot-scale GAC in the presence and absence of NPs. Zeta potential of the three NPs and the GAC were measured. Particle size distribution of the NP dispersions was analyzed as a function of time. The surface area and the pore size distribution of the virgin and the exhausted GAC were obtained along with transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The effect of NPs was found to be a function of their zeta potential, concentration, and particle size distribution. Due to their electrical charge, NPs attached to the GAC and blocked the pores and thus reduced the access to the internal pore structure. However, due to the fast adsorption kinetics of TCE, no effect from the three NPs was observed in the isotherm and kinetic studies. The RSSCT, on the other hand, accurately predicted the pilot-column TCE breakthrough in the presence of NPs. C1 [Salih, Hafiz H.; Patterson, Craig L.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Salih, Hafiz H.] NRC, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Sorial, George A.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Environm Engn Program, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Sorial, GA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Environm Engn Program, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM George.Sorial@uc.edu FU US EPA [EP-C-04-034]; Shaw Environmental & Infrastructure, Inc.; US Environmental Protection Agency [CR-8 3454201]; University of Cincinnati [CR-8 3454201] FX This work was partially supported under US EPA contract no. EP-C-04-034, work assignment no. 2-03 with Shaw Environmental & Infrastructure, Inc. and by the Cooperative Agreement CR-8 3454201 between the US Environmental Protection Agency and the University of Cincinnati. It has been subjected to the agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency; therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 224 IS 2 AR 1402 DI 10.1007/s11270-012-1402-3 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 094RK UT WOS:000315281300009 ER PT J AU Murphy, DL Patel, M Kirrane, E Vinikoor-Imler, L AF Murphy, Deirdre L. Patel, Molini Kirrane, Ellen Vinikoor-Imler, Lisa TI Comments on: Chari, R.; Burke, T.A.; White, R.H.; Fox, M.A. Integrating Susceptibility into Environmental Policy: An Analysis of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for Lead. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9, 1077-1096 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID BLOOD LEAD; SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS; INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; EXPOSURE; INTELLIGENCE; CHILDREN; IQ C1 [Murphy, Deirdre L.; Patel, Molini; Kirrane, Ellen; Vinikoor-Imler, Lisa] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Murphy, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM murphy.deirdre@epa.gov; patel.molini@epa.gov; kirrane.ellen@epa.gov; vinikoor-imler.lisa@epa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD FEB PY 2013 VL 10 IS 2 BP 712 EP 716 DI 10.3390/ijerph10020712 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 096ID UT WOS:000315396500019 PM 23396080 ER PT J AU Fairey, JL Wahman, DG AF Fairey, Julian L. Wahman, David G. TI Bayesian and Frequentist Methods for Estimating Joint Uncertainty of Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm Fitting Parameters SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Adsorption; Freundlich isotherm; Bayesian analysis; Linear regression; Nonlinear regression; Parameter estimation; WinBUGS; R; Joint parameter uncertainty ID POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON; EQUILIBRIUM; SORBENT; WINBUGS; LAYER AB This paper presents methods for estimating Freundlich isotherm fitting parameters (K and N) and their joint uncertainty, which have been implemented into the freeware software platforms R and WinBUGS. These estimates were determined by both Frequentist and Bayesian analyses and subsequently compared with a commonly applied method in which the Freundlich parameter uncertainty is treated independently. By accounting for joint uncertainty in K and N, smaller uncertainty regions resulted compared with independent uncertainty estimates, with this effect becoming more pronounced as the degree of nonlinearity increased (i.e., as N decreased from 1). To illustrate the impact when considering uncertainty in adsorption system design, an example is provided in which, at a 95% confidence level, considering joint uncertainty decreased the required sorbent by 57-72% (depending on equilibrium liquid concentration, C-W) relative to the commonly applied independent uncertainty treatment of K and N. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000634. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Fairey, Julian L.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Civil Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Wahman, David G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Wahman, DG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wahman.david@epa.gov OI Wahman, David/0000-0002-0167-8468 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 18 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB PY 2013 VL 139 IS 2 BP 307 EP 311 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000634 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 097JQ UT WOS:000315470200020 ER PT J AU Irons, TD Kelly, PE Hunter, DL MacPhail, RC Padilla, S AF Irons, T. D. Kelly, P. E. Hunter, D. L. MacPhail, R. C. Padilla, S. TI Acute administration of dopaminergic drugs has differential effects on locomotion in larval zebrafish SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Dopamine; Locomotor activity; Zebrafish; Acute; Receptor ID RECEPTOR INTERACTION; MAMMALIAN RETINA; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; D2; HALOPERIDOL; AGONISTS; BRAIN; RATS; D1 AB Altered dopaminergic signaling causes behavioral changes in mammals. In general, dopaminergic receptor agonists increase locomotor activity, while antagonists decrease locomotor activity. In order to determine if zebrafish (a model organism becoming popular in pharmacology and toxicology) respond similarly, the acute effects of drugs known to target dopaminergic receptors in mammals were assessed in zebrafish larvae. Larvae were maintained in 96-well microtiter plates (1 larva/well). Non-lethal concentrations (0.2-50 mu M) of dopaminergic agonists (apomorphine, SKF-38393, and quinpirole) and antagonists (butaclamol, SCH-23390, and haloperidol) were administered at 6 days post-fertilization (dpf). An initial experiment identified the time of peak effect of each drug (20-260 min post-dosing, depending on the drug). Locomotor activity was then assessed for 70 min in alternating light and dark at the time of peak effect for each drug to delineate dose-dependent effects. All drugs altered larval locomotion in a dose-dependent manner. Both the D1- and D2-like selective agonists (SKF-38393 and quinpirole, respectively) increased activity, while the selective antagonists (SCH-23390 and haloperidol, respectively) decreased activity. Both selective antagonists also blunted the response of the larvae to changes in lighting conditions at higher doses. The nonselective drugs had biphasic effects on locomotor activity: apomorphine increased activity at the low dose and at high doses, while butaclamol increased activity at low to intermediate doses, and decreased activity at high doses. This study demonstrates that (1) larval zebrafish locomotion can be altered by dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists, (2) receptor agonists and antagonists generally have opposite effects, and (3) drugs that target dopaminergic receptors in mammals appear, in general, to elicit similar locomotor responses in zebrafish larvae. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Irons, T. D.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Irons, T. D.; Hunter, D. L.; Padilla, S.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kelly, P. E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [MacPhail, R. C.] US EPA, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Irons, TD (reprint author), Dept Vet Affairs, 810 Vermont Ave NW,Mailstop 10P3, Washington, DC 20420 USA. EM Terra.Irons@va.gov FU NIH predoctoral traineeships; NIDA National Research Service Award [T32 DA007244]; NIEHS National Research Service Award [T32 ES007126] FX The authors thank Beth Padnos, Brenda Proctor and Dr. David Kurtz for maintenance and upkeep of the zebrafish colony. We also recognize Drs. Linda Dykstra and William Mundy for reviews of an earlier version of this manuscript T.D. Irons was supported by the following NIH predoctoral traineeships: the NIDA National Research Service Award (T32 DA007244) and the NIEHS National Research Service Award (T32 ES007126). This manuscript has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 71 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 103 IS 4 BP 792 EP 813 DI 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.12.010 PG 22 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 099XX UT WOS:000315660300014 PM 23274813 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, S Gomi, T Sidle, RC Negishi, JN AF Kobayashi, Sohei Gomi, Takashi Sidle, Roy C. Negishi, Junjiro N. TI Distribution of amphipods (Gammarus nipponensis Ueno) among mountain headwater streams with different legacies of debris flow occurrence SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE headwater streams; stream network; forest clear-cutting; debris flows; population extinction; amphipod; dispersal ID MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; APPALACHIAN WATERSHEDS; MINUS CRUSTACEA; STEEP TERRAIN; PATTERNS; SPRINGS; COLONIZATION; DISTURBANCE; WASHINGTON; LANDSCAPE AB To understand the impacts of debris flows on the distribution of an amphipod with limited dispersal ability in the context of stream networks, we surveyed the presence of Gammarus nipponensis in 87 headwater streams with different legacies of debris flow occurrence within an 8.5-km2 mountain catchment. The amphipod was present in only 7% of the streams impacted by debris flows after 1977; in contrast, it was present in 69% of the streams that had older or no debris flow occurrence. The absence of the amphipod in certain headwater streams did not appear to be related to water chemistry because pH and calcium concentrations differed little among streams within the catchment. In addition, survival rates of individuals incubated in streams with the amphipod present and absent did not differ significantly. Debris flows appeared to displace amphipod populations, and the absence of amphipods in streams for more than 30years after debris flow occurrence suggests that considerable time is required for the recovery of populations. Because of geographic isolation from the source of colonists, headwater streams in the uppermost sections of the catchment and those indirectly connecting to the main stream via tributaries appear to be at greater disadvantage for receiving colonists from other areas and thus population recovery. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kobayashi, Sohei] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Water Resources Res Ctr, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Gomi, Takashi] Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Fuchu, Tokyo 1838509, Japan. [Sidle, Roy C.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Negishi, Junjiro N.] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Kobayashi, S (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Water Resources Res Ctr, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. EM kobayashi.sohei.8u@kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Gomi, Takashi/E-3504-2010 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [16380102, 17780123] FX We express our appreciation to Dr N. Tokuchi, Dr N. Ohte, Dr K. Fukushima and the staff of Wakayama Experimental Forest of Kyoto University for supporting our field work and providing insightful comments. Appreciation is extended to Sanko Forestry Ltd for allowing us to conduct research on their property and for providing information related to logging operations. Funding for this study was from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS # 16380102 for RCS and # 17780123 for SK). This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD FEB PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1002/eco.1249 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 092HL UT WOS:000315110900012 ER PT J AU Machol, B Rizk, S AF Machol, Ben Rizk, Sarah TI Economic value of US fossil fuel electricity health impacts SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Fossil fuel; Electricity; Social cost of carbon; Renewable energy; Health cost ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; MORTALITY AB Fossil fuel energy has several externalities not accounted for in the retail price, including associated adverse human health impacts, future costs from climate change, and other environmental damages. Here, we quantify the economic value of health impacts associated with PM2.5 and PM2.5 precursors (NOx and SO2) on a per kilowatt hour basis. We provide figures based on state electricity profiles, national averages and fossil fuel type. We find that the economic value of improved human health associated with avoiding emissions from fossil fuel electricity in the United States ranges from a low of $0.005-$0.013/kWh in California to a high of $0.41-$1.01/kWh in Maryland. When accounting for the adverse health impacts of imported electricity, the California figure increases to $0.03-$0.07/kWh. Nationally, the average economic value of health impacts associated with fossil fuel usage is $0.14-$0.35/kWh. For coal, oil, and natural gas, respectively, associated economic values of health impacts are $0.19-$0.45/kWh, $0.08-$0.19/kWh, and $0.01-$0.02/kWh. For coal and oil, these costs are larger than the typical retail price of electricity, demonstrating the magnitude of the externality. When the economic value of health impacts resulting from air emissions is considered, our analysis suggests that on average, U.S. consumers of electricity should be willing to pay $0.24-$0.45/kWh for alternatives such as energy efficiency investments or emission-free renewable sources that avoid fossil fuel combustion. The economic value of health impacts is approximately an order of magnitude larger than estimates of the social cost of carbon for fossil fuel electricity. In total, we estimate that the economic value of health impacts from fossil fuel electricity in the United States is $361.7-886.5 billion annually, representing 2.5-6.0% of the national GDP. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Machol, Ben; Rizk, Sarah] US Environm Protect Agcy Reg 9, Clean Energy & Climate Change Off, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Rizk, S (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy Reg 9, Clean Energy & Climate Change Off, San Francisco, CA USA. EM machol.ben@epa.gov; rizk.sarah@epa.gov NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 68 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 52 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2012.03.003 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 091WD UT WOS:000315079600008 PM 23246069 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ Jarema, KA Lehmann, JR Ledbetter, AD Schladweiler, MC Schmid, JE Ward, WO Kodavanti, UP Nyska, A MacPhail, RC AF Gordon, C. J. Jarema, K. A. Lehmann, J. R. Ledbetter, A. D. Schladweiler, M. C. Schmid, J. E. Ward, W. O. Kodavanti, U. P. Nyska, A. MacPhail, R. C. TI Susceptibility of adult and senescent Brown Norway rats to repeated ozone exposure: an assessment of behavior, serum biochemistry and cardiopulmonary function SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aging; air pollution; behavior; blood pressure; heart rate; metabolic syndrome; motor activity; serum biomarker ID AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; HEART-RATE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; AIR-POLLUTANTS; MOTOR-ACTIVITY; LUNG-DISEASES; CONSCIOUS RAT; TIME-COURSE; RESPONSES AB Ozone (O-3) is a pervasive air pollutant that produces pulmonary and cardiovascular dysfunction and possible neurological dysfunction. Young and old individuals are recognized as being susceptible to O-3; however, remarkably little is known about susceptibility with senescence. This study explored the pulmonary, cardiovascular and neurological effects of O-3 exposure in adult (4 m) and senescent (20 m) Brown Norway rats exposed to 0 or 0.8 ppm O-3 for 6 h, 1 d/week, for 17 weeks. Ventilatory function was assessed 1 and 7 d after each exposure (Buxco). Heart rate, blood pressure (tail cuff) and motor activity were measured biweekly. Blood, aorta and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed 24 h after the last exposure for pulmonary inflammation, serum biomarkers and aorta mRNA markers of vascular disease. Measures of normal ventilatory function declined following each O-3 exposure in both adult and senescent rats, however, senescent rats took weeks to exhibit a decline. Evidence for residual respiratory effects of O-3 7 d after exposure in both age groups was observed. O-3 had no effect on either heart rate or blood pressure, but decreased motor activity in both age groups. BALF indicated mild neutrophilic inflammation and protein leakage in adults. Age affected 17/58 serum analytes, O-3 affected 6/58; 2/58 showed an age-O-3 interaction. Leptin, adiponectin, lipocalin and insulin were increased in senescent rats. Overall, adult rats exhibited more immediate effects of episodic O-3 than senescent rats. Residual effects were, however, obtained in both ages of rat, especially for ventilatory endpoints. C1 [Gordon, C. J.; Jarema, K. A.; MacPhail, R. C.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lehmann, J. R.; Ledbetter, A. D.; Schladweiler, M. C.; Kodavanti, U. P.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Schmid, J. E.; Ward, W. O.] US EPA, Biostat & Bioinformat Res Core, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nyska, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Gordon, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gordon.christopher@epa.gov FU National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The research described in this article has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, nor does the mention of trade names of commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 25 IS 3 BP 141 EP 159 DI 10.3109/08958378.2013.764946 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 093IM UT WOS:000315185300003 PM 23421486 ER PT J AU Bailey, KA Wu, MC Ward, WO Smeester, L Rager, JE Garcia-Vargas, G Del Razo, LM Drobna, Z Styblo, M Fry, RC AF Bailey, Kathryn A. Wu, Michael C. Ward, William O. Smeester, Lisa Rager, Julia E. Garcia-Vargas, Gonzalo Del Razo, Luz-Maria Drobna, Zuzana Styblo, Miroslav Fry, Rebecca C. TI Arsenic and the Epigenome: Interindividual Differences in Arsenic Metabolism Related to Distinct Patterns of DNA Methylation SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Epigenome; DNA Methylation; Arsenic biotransformation ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; FALSE DISCOVERY RATES; TNF RECEPTORS 1; DRINKING-WATER; GLUCOSE-HOMEOSTASIS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CELL-DEATH; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE AB Biotransformation of inorganic arsenic (iAs) is one of the factors that determines the character and magnitude of the diverse detrimental health effects associated with chronic iAs exposure, but it is unknown how iAs biotransformation may impact the epigenome. Here, we integrated analyses of genome-wide, gene-specific promoter DNA methylation levels of peripheral blood leukocytes with urinary arsenical concentrations of subjects from a region of Mexico with high levels of iAs in drinking water. These analyses revealed dramatic differences in DNA methylation profiles associated with concentrations of specific urinary metabolites of arsenic (As). The majority of individuals in this study had positive indicators of As-related disease, namely pre-diabetes mellitus or diabetes mellitus (DM). Methylation patterns of genes with known associations with DM were associated with urinary concentrations of specific iAs metabolites. Future studies will determine whether these DNA methylation profiles provide mechanistic insight into the development of iAs-associated disease, predict disease risk, and/or serve as biomarkers of iAs exposure in humans. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:106-115, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21462 C1 [Bailey, Kathryn A.; Smeester, Lisa; Rager, Julia E.; Styblo, Miroslav; Fry, Rebecca C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, UNC Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Wu, Michael C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, UNC Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Ward, William O.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Garcia-Vargas, Gonzalo] Juarez Univ Durango State, Fac Med, Durango, CO, Mexico. [Del Razo, Luz-Maria] IPN, Dept Toxicol, CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. [Drobna, Zuzana] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, UNC Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Fry, RC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, UNC Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM rfry@unc.edu OI Wu, Michael C./0000-0002-3357-6570 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES010126, ES019315, ES015326, DK056350, T32 ES007018] FX Contract Grant Sponsor: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.; Contract Grant Numbers: P30ES010126, ES019315, ES015326, DK056350, and T32 ES007018. NR 74 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.1002/jbt.21462 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 093JS UT WOS:000315188700002 PM 23315758 ER PT J AU Francy, DS Stelzer, EA Brady, AMG Huitger, C Bushon, RN Ip, HS Ware, MW Villegas, EN Gallardo, V Lindquist, HDA AF Francy, Donna S. Stelzer, Erin A. Brady, Amie M. G. Huitger, Carrie Bushon, Rebecca N. Ip, Hon S. Ware, Michael W. Villegas, Eric N. Gallardo, Vicente Lindquist, H. D. Alan TI Comparison of Filters for Concentrating Microbial Indicators and Pathogens in Lake Water Samples SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOLLOW-FIBER ULTRAFILTRATION; DEAD-END ULTRAFILTRATION; TRANSCRIPTASE PCR ASSAY; ELECTROPOSITIVE FILTER; SIMULTANEOUS RECOVERY; HUMAN ADENOVIRUSES; DIVERSE MICROBES; DRINKING-WATER; SURFACE-WATER; LARGE VOLUMES AB Bacterial indicators are used to indicate increased health risk from pathogens and to make beach closure and advisory decisions; however, beaches are seldom monitored for the pathogens themselves. Studies of sources and types of pathogens at beaches are needed to improve estimates of swimming-associated health risks. It would be advantageous and cost-effective, especially for studies conducted on a regional scale, to use a method that can simultaneously filter and concentrate all classes of pathogens from the large volumes of water needed to detect pathogens. In seven recovery experiments, stock cultures of viruses and protozoa were seeded into 10-liter lake water samples, and concentrations of naturally occurring bacterial indicators were used to determine recoveries. For the five filtration methods tested, the highest median recoveries were as follows: glass wool for adenovirus (4.7%); NanoCeram for enterovirus (14.5%) and MS2 coliphage (84%); continuous-flow centrifugation (CFC) plus Virocap (CFC+ViroCap) for Escherichia coli (68.3%) and Cryptosporidium (54%); automatic ultrafiltration (UF) for norovirus GII (2.4%); and dead-end UF for Enterococcus faecalis (80.5%), avian influenza virus (0.02%), and Giardia (57%). In evaluating filter performance in terms of both recovery and variability, the automatic UF resulted in the highest recovery while maintaining low variability for all nine microorganisms. The automatic UF was used to demonstrate that filtration can be scaled up to field deployment and the collection of 200-liter lake water samples. C1 [Francy, Donna S.; Stelzer, Erin A.; Brady, Amie M. G.; Huitger, Carrie; Bushon, Rebecca N.] US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Ip, Hon S.] Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Ware, Michael W.; Villegas, Eric N.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Gallardo, Vicente; Lindquist, H. D. Alan] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Francy, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM dsfrancy@usgs.gov RI Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015; OI Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588; Stelzer, Erin/0000-0001-7645-7603 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal Marine Program; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX Support for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal Marine Program, and by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 64 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 79 IS 4 BP 1342 EP 1352 DI 10.1128/AEM.03117-12 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 089EE UT WOS:000314891500032 PM 23263948 ER PT J AU Reif, DM Sypa, M Lock, EF Wright, FA Wilson, A Cathey, T Judson, RR Rusyn, I AF Reif, David M. Sypa, Myroslav Lock, Eric F. Wright, Fred A. Wilson, Ander Cathey, Tommy Judson, Richard R. Rusyn, Ivan TI ToxPi GUI: an interactive visualization tool for transparent integration of data from diverse sources of evidence SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article AB Motivation: Scientists and regulators are often faced with complex decisions, where use of scarce resources must be prioritized using collections of diverse information. The Toxicological Prioritization Index (ToxPi(TM)) was developed to enable integration of multiple sources of evidence on exposure and/or safety, transformed into transparent visual rankings to facilitate decision making. The rankings and associated graphical profiles can be used to prioritize resources in various decision contexts, such as testing chemical toxicity or assessing similarity of predicted compound bioactivity profiles. The amount and types of information available to decision makers are increasing exponentially, while the complex decisions must rely on specialized domain knowledge across multiple criteria of varying importance. Thus, the ToxPi bridges a gap, combining rigorous aggregation of evidence with ease of communication to stakeholders. Results: An interactive ToxPi graphical user interface (GUI) application has been implemented to allow straightforward decision support across a variety of decision-making contexts in environmental health. The GUI allows users to easily import and recombine data, then analyze, visualize, highlight, export and communicate ToxPi results. It also provides a statistical metric of stability for both individual ToxPi scores and relative prioritized ranks. C1 [Reif, David M.; Wilson, Ander; Judson, Richard R.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Sypa, Myroslav; Lock, Eric F.; Rusyn, Ivan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Sypa, Myroslav; Lock, Eric F.; Rusyn, Ivan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Wright, Fred A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cathey, Tommy] Lockheed Martin Corp, Informat Syst & Global Serv, Durham, NC USA. RP Reif, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Durham, NC 27711 USA. EM reif.david@gmail.com RI Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016; OI Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633; Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767 FU U.S. EPA STAR Program [RD83382501] FX U.S. EPA STAR Program (RD83382501). NR 3 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 402 EP 403 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts686 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 089EI UT WOS:000314892000020 PM 23202747 ER PT J AU Greenberg, R Etterson, M Danner, RM AF Greenberg, Russell Etterson, Matthew Danner, Raymond M. TI Seasonal dimorphism in the horny bills of sparrows SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bill size; bird beaks; emberizidae; rhamphotheca; salt marsh birds; sexual selection; tidal marsh birds ID SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; POECILE-ATRICAPILLUS; NATURAL-SELECTION; DARWINS FINCHES; MARSH SPARROWS; NORTH-AMERICA; BODY-SIZE; GROWTH; EVOLUTION; BEAK AB Bill size is often viewed as a species-specific adaptation for feeding, but it sometimes varies between sexes, suggesting that sexual selection or intersexual competition may also be important. Hypotheses to explain sexual dimorphism in avian bill size include divergence in feeding niche or thermoregulatory demands, intrasexual selection based on increased competition among males, or female preference. Birds also show seasonal changes in bill size due to shifts in the balance between growth rate and wear, which may be due to diet or endogenous rhythms in growth. Insight into the function of dimorphism can be gained using the novel approach of digital x-ray imaging of museum skins to examine the degree to which the skeletal core or the rhamphotheca contribute to overall dimorphism. The rhamphotheca is ever-growing and ever-wearing, varying in size throughout life; whereas the skeletal core shows determinant growth. Because tidal marsh sparrows are more dimorphic in bill size than related taxa, we selected two marsh taxa to investigate dimorphism and seasonality in the size of the overall bill, the skeletal core, and the rhamphotheca. Bill size varied by sex and season, with males having larger bills than females, and bill size increasing from nonbreeding to breeding season more in males. Skeletal bill size varied with season, but not sex. The rhamphotheca varied primarily with sex; males had a larger rhamphotheca (corrected for skeletal bill size), which showed a greater seasonal increase than females. The rhamphotheca, rather than the skeletal bill, was responsible for sexual dimorphism in overall bill size, which was particularly well developed in the breeding season. The size of the rhamphotheca may be a condition-based character that is shaped by sexual selection. These results are consistent with the evidence that bill size is influenced by sexual selection as well as trophic ecology. C1 [Greenberg, Russell; Danner, Raymond M.] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Etterson, Matthew] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Greenberg, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM greenbergr@si.edu RI Danner, Raymond/J-8350-2013 OI Danner, Raymond/0000-0002-3999-8141 NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 3 IS 2 BP 389 EP 398 DI 10.1002/ece3.474 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 091BZ UT WOS:000315025200019 PM 23467758 ER PT J AU Boomer, KMB Weller, DE Jordan, TE Linker, L Liu, ZJ Reilly, J Shenk, G Voinov, AA AF Boomer, Kathleen M. B. Weller, Donald E. Jordan, Thomas E. Linker, Lewis Liu, Zhi-Jun Reilly, James Shenk, Gary Voinov, Alexey A. TI Using Multiple Watershed Models to Predict Water, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Discharges to the Patuxent Estuary SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review DE watersheds; watershed management; nonpoint source pollution; simulation; hydrological modeling; ensemble modeling; model comparison; model average; land use; model structure; model performance ID LAND-USE CHANGE; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ENVIRONMENTAL-MODELS; NUTRIENT DISCHARGES; SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; CONSTITUENT LOADS; SCENARIO ANALYSIS; COVER DATABASE; RIVER ESTUARY AB Boomer, Kathleen M.B., Donald E. Weller, Thomas E. Jordan, Lewis Linker, Zhi-Jun Liu, James Reilly, Gary Shenk, and Alexey A. Voinov, 2012. Using Multiple Watershed Models to Predict Water, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Discharges to the Patuxent Estuary. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1-25. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2012.00689.x Abstract: We analyzed an ensemble of watershed models that predict flow, nitrogen, and phosphorus discharges. The models differed in scope and complexity and used different input data, but all had been applied to evaluate human impacts on discharges to the Patuxent River or to the Chesapeake Bay. We compared predictions to observations of average annual, annual time series, and monthly discharge leaving three basins. No model consistently matched observed discharges better than the others, and predictions differed as much as 150% for every basin. Models that agreed best with the observations in one basin often were among the worst models for another material or basin. Combining model predictions into a model average improved overall reliability in matching observations, and the range of predictions helped describe uncertainty. The model average was not the closest to the observed discharge for every material, basin, and time frame, but the model average had the highest NashSutcliffe performance across all combinations. Consistently poor performance in predicting phosphorus loads suggests that none of the models capture major controls. Differences among model predictions came from differences in model structures, input data, and the time period considered, and also to errors in the observed discharge. Ensemble watershed modeling helped identify research needs and quantify the uncertainties that should be considered when using the models in management decisions. C1 [Boomer, Kathleen M. B.; Weller, Donald E.; Jordan, Thomas E.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Linker, Lewis; Shenk, Gary] US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Liu, Zhi-Jun] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. [Reilly, James] Maryland Dept Planning, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Voinov, Alexey A.] Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Boomer, KMB (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM boomerk@si.edu RI Voinov, Alexey/F-7397-2010; OI Voinov, Alexey/0000-0002-2985-4574; Weller, Donald/0000-0002-7629-5437 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Oceans Program [NA66RG0129, NA03NOS4780008]; National Science Foundation [BSR-9085219, DEB-9317968]; Smithsonian Institution Environmental Sciences Program FX This research was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Oceans Program (grant numbers NA66RG0129 and NA03NOS4780008), National Science Foundation (grant numbers BSR-9085219 and DEB-9317968), and the Smithsonian Institution Environmental Sciences Program. John Brakebill of the U. S. Geological Survey provided information and model output for the SPARROW models. NR 118 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 15 EP 39 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2012.00689.x PG 25 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 087IU UT WOS:000314755700002 ER PT J AU Wigington, PJ Leibowitz, SG Comeleo, RL Ebersole, JL AF Wigington, Parker J., Jr. Leibowitz, Scott G. Comeleo, Randy L. Ebersole, Joseph L. TI Oregon Hydrologic Landscapes: A Classification Framework SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE hydrologic classification; hydrologic cycle; watersheds; rivers; streams; runoff; geospatial analysis ID UNITED-STATES; CATCHMENT CLASSIFICATION; HYDROGEOLOGIC CONTROLS; UNGAUGED CATCHMENTS; FLOW REGIMES; RIVER-BASIN; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; STREAMS; PRECIPITATION AB Wigington, Parker J., Jr., Scott G. Leibowitz, Randy L. Comeleo, and Joseph L. Ebersole, 2012. Oregon Hydrologic Landscapes: A Classification Framework. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1-20. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12009 Abstract: There is a growing need for hydrologic classification systems that can provide a basis for broad-scale assessments of the hydrologic functions of landscapes and watersheds and their responses to stressors such as climate change. We developed a hydrologic landscape (HL) classification approach that describes factors of climate-watershed systems that control the hydrologic characteristics of watersheds. Our assessment units are incremental watersheds (i.e., headwater watersheds or areas draining directly into stream reaches). Major components of the classification include indices of annual climate, climate seasonality, aquifer permeability, terrain, and soil permeability. To evaluate the usefulness of our approach, we identified 30 rivers with long-term streamflow-gauging records and without major diversions and impoundments. We used statistical clustering to group the streams based on the shapes of their annual hydrographs. Comparison of the streamflow clusters and HL distributions within river basin clusters shows that the Oregon HL approach has the ability to provide insights about the expected hydrologic behavior of HLs and larger river basins. The Oregon HL approach has potential to be a useful framework for comparing hydrologic attributes of streams and rivers in the Pacific Northwest. C1 [Wigington, Parker J., Jr.; Leibowitz, Scott G.; Comeleo, Randy L.; Ebersole, Joseph L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Wigington, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM wigington.jim@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This article is dedicated to the memory of Thomas C. Winter, a distinguished scientist emeritus with the USGS, who passed away on October 8, 2010. Among his many contributions to the field of hydrology, Tom championed the concept of hydrologic landscapes in his 2001 JAWRA article. Our current effort is a direct outgrowth of that pioneering work. We were fortunate to have Tom take part in a workshop that reviewed an earlier version of the Oregon Hydrologic Landscapes, and appreciated his thoughtful comments. Tom's perspective will be sorely missed. In addition, we thank Bob Beschta, Kelly Burnett, Gordon Grant, Roy Haggerty, Jeff McDonnell, Tracie Nadeau, Anne Nolin, and David Wolock for participating in a workshop to review the approach being used to develop Oregon HLs. We are grateful to Lynne McWhorter, who assembled preliminary streamflow data and evaluated streams for inclusion in the HL validation effort, and to Karen Blocksom for guidance on cluster analyses. We are thankful to Brian McGlynn, Dave Wolock, Gordon Grant, Sarah Lewis, Pete Hawkins, Sopan Patil, and Bob Ozretich for review comments on a preliminary version of this journal article. We also appreciate the inputs of three anonymous reviewers. The information in this document has been funded entirely by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This manuscript has been subjected to Agency review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 163 EP 182 DI 10.1111/jawr.12009 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 087IU UT WOS:000314755700012 ER PT J AU Carleton, JN Mohamoud, YM AF Carleton, James N. Mohamoud, Yusuf M. TI Effect of Flow Depth and Velocity on Nitrate Loss Rates in Natural Channels SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE denitrification; Hydrologic Simulation Program FORTRAN; mass transfer; nutrients; Sherwood number; simulation; stream geometry ID HYDROLOGICAL SIMULATION PROGRAM; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEDIMENT DENITRIFICATION; AGRICULTURAL STREAMS; HEADWATER STREAMS; OXYGEN-METABOLISM; MASS-TRANSFER; RICH STREAMS; NITROGEN AB Carleton, James N. and Yusuf M. Mohamoud, 2012. Effect of Flow Depth and Velocity on Nitrate Loss Rates in Natural Channels. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1-12. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12007 Abstract: Loss rates of nitrate from streams and rivers are governed by movement of the ion from water column to anoxic bed sediments. Quantitative representations of nitrate in streams and rivers have often treated such losses as governed by first-order mechanisms that are invariant with respect to potential modulating factors other than temperature. Results of studies in recent years, however, suggest that rates of water column-sediment mass transfer are influenced by stream geometry and associated hydraulics. We develop expressions for the instream nitrate loss rate coefficient, k, as a function of water velocity and depth, using hydraulic geometry to empirically relate velocity to depth for two cases: (1) variability in mean conditions among reaches; and (2) temporal variability in conditions at a single reach, under changing flow. The result is expressions for k as functions of water column depth. Measured stream k values reported in the literature are shown to be well represented by expressions developed for the first case, and the potential for application to probabilistic analysis is briefly examined. We explore the latter case using the Hydrologic Simulation Program FORTRAN (HSPF) model, modified to incorporate the dependence of k on instantaneous stream depth. In example simulations of two nitrate-exporting watersheds, the incorporation of depth-dependence of k produces improvement in the model's ability to match observed stream nitrate concentrations. C1 [Carleton, James N.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Mohamoud, Yusuf M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Carleton, JN (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Mail Code 7507P,1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM carleton.jim@epa.gov NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.1111/jawr.12007 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 087IU UT WOS:000314755700014 ER PT J AU Naranmandura, H Rehman, K Le, XC Thomas, DJ AF Naranmandura, Hua Rehman, Kanwal Le, X. Chris Thomas, David J. TI Formation of methylated oxyarsenicals and thioarsenicals in wild-type and arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase knockout mice exposed to arsenate SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Arsenite; Cytotoxicity; Dimethylmonothioarsinic acid; Methylated oxyarsenical; Thioarsenicals ID THIO-DIMETHYLARSINATE; DRINKING-WATER; METABOLISM; TOXICITY; SULFUR; URINE; CELLS AB Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3mt) plays a central role in the enzymatically catalyzed conversion of inorganic arsenic into methylated metabolites. Most studies of the metabolism and disposition of arsenicals following exposure to inorganic arsenic focus on the formation and fate of methylated oxyarsenicals. However, recent research has shown methylated thioarsenicals to be another important class of metabolites of inorganic arsenic. Here, we report on the presence of methylated oxy- and thioarsenicals in urine and liver from wild-type mice that efficiently methylate inorganic arsenic and from As3mt knockout mice that lack arsenic methyltransferase activity. Following a single oral dose of 0.5 mg of arsenic as arsenate/kg body weight, urine from wild-type mice contained methylated oxyarsenicals and unknown arsenicals. Further analysis identified one unknown arsenical in urine of wild-type mice as dimethylmonothioarsinic acid. In addition, another unknown arsenical in urine of wild-type mice that occurred in the urine of about 20 % of arsenate-treated mice. The presence of low levels of methylated arsenicals in liver digests of As3mt knockout mice may reflect the activity of other methyltransferases or the absorption of methylated arsenicals formed by the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. The lack of methylated thioarsenicals in urine of As3mt knockout mice suggests a close link between the processes that form methylated oxy- and thioarsenicals. C1 [Naranmandura, Hua; Rehman, Kanwal] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmacol Toxicol & Biochem Pharmaceut, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Le, X. Chris] Univ Alberta, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada. [Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Naranmandura, H (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmacol Toxicol & Biochem Pharmaceut, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM narenman@zju.edu.cn RI Rehman, Kanwal/P-7727-2014; Naranmandura, Hua/C-6499-2015; Le, X. Chris/O-4947-2015 OI Rehman, Kanwal/0000-0001-7873-6681; Le, X. Chris/0000-0002-7690-6701 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [81001477]; Key Science and Technology Innovation Team of Zhejiang Province [2010R50047] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81001477) and the Key Science and Technology Innovation Team of Zhejiang Province (2010R50047). Alberta Health, Alberta Innovates Energy and Environment Solutions, and Canadian Institutes for Health Research. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 405 IS 6 BP 1885 EP 1891 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-6207-0 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 086JX UT WOS:000314681000010 PM 22733250 ER PT J AU Alexis, NE Lay, JC Zhou, HB Kim, CS Hernandez, ML Kehrl, H Hazucha, MJ Devlin, RB Diaz-Sanchez, D Peden, DB AF Alexis, Neil E. Lay, John C. Zhou, Haibo Kim, Chong S. Hernandez, Michelle L. Kehrl, Howard Hazucha, Milan J. Devlin, Robert B. Diaz-Sanchez, David Peden, David B. TI The glutathione-S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) null genotype and increased neutrophil response to low-level ozone (0.06 ppm) SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID INDUCED AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; HEALTHY; ANTAGONIST; ACTIVATION; MARKERS; HUMANS C1 [Alexis, Neil E.; Lay, John C.; Zhou, Haibo; Hernandez, Michelle L.; Hazucha, Milan J.; Peden, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Kim, Chong S.; Kehrl, Howard; Devlin, Robert B.; Diaz-Sanchez, David] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div MD 58B, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Alexis, NE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM Neil_Alexis@med.unc.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P50 HL084934]; NIAID NIH HHS [U19AI077437, U19 AI077437]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES012706, RC1 ES018417, P30 ES010126, RC1ES018417, R01ES012706] NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 131 IS 2 BP 610 EP 612 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.07.005 PG 4 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 086CT UT WOS:000314661500051 PM 22921799 ER PT J AU Lamendella, R Li, KC Oerther, D Domingo, JWS AF Lamendella, Regina Li, Kent C. Oerther, Daniel Domingo, Jorge W. Santo TI Molecular Diversity of Bacteroidales in Fecal and Environmental Samples and Swine-Associated Subpopulations SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GENETIC-MARKERS; SOURCE TRACKING; FRESH-WATER; PCR; CONTAMINATION; PERSISTENCE; ASSAYS; FECES; GUT AB Several swine-specific microbial source tracking methods are based on PCR assays targeting Bacteroidales 16S rRNA gene sequences. The limited application of these assays can be explained by the poor understanding of their molecular diversity in fecal sources and environmental waters. In order to address this, we studied the diversity of 9,340 partial (>600 bp in length) Bacteroidales 16S rRNA gene sequences from 13 fecal sources and nine feces-contaminated watersheds. The compositions of major Bacteroidales populations were analyzed to determine which host and environmental sequences were contributing to each group. This information allowed us to identify populations which were both exclusive to swine fecal sources and detected in swine-contaminated waters. Phylogenetic and diversity analyses revealed that some markers previously believed to be highly specific to swine populations are shared by multiple hosts, potentially explaining the cross-amplification signals obtained with nontargeted hosts. These data suggest that while many Bacteroidales populations are cosmopolitan, others exhibit a preferential host distribution and may be able to survive different environmental conditions. This study further demonstrates the importance of elucidating the diversity patterns of targeted bacterial groups to develop more inclusive fecal source tracking applications. C1 [Lamendella, Regina; Oerther, Daniel] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Lamendella, Regina; Li, Kent C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Ecol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Domingo, JWS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov RI Oerther, Daniel/H-6543-2014 OI Oerther, Daniel/0000-0002-6724-3205 FU USEPA-UC; USEPA National Center for Computational Toxicology; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX R.L. was the recipient of a USEPA-UC research fellowship. This research was funded in part by a New Start Award from the USEPA National Center for Computational Toxicology to J. W. S. D. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed or partially funded and collaborated in the research described herein. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 79 IS 3 BP 816 EP 824 DI 10.1128/AEM.02535-12 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 076WL UT WOS:000313989700008 PM 23160126 ER PT J AU Kaldy, JE Shafer, DJ AF Kaldy, James E. Shafer, Deborah J. TI Effects of salinity on survival of the exotic seagrass Zostera japonica subjected to extreme high temperature stress SO BOTANICA MARINA LA English DT Article DE mortality; non-indigenous seagrass; thermal threshold; Zostera japonica ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTRODUCED SEAGRASS; HALOPHILA-OVALIS; NORTH-AMERICA; BAY; USA; ECOSYSTEMS; ESTUARY; LIGHT; WASHINGTON AB Zostera japonica is a non-indigenous seagrass that is expanding along the Pacific Coast of North America. The ecophysiology of this seagrass is poorly studied and management of the species is fragmented. This split-plot mesocosm experiment was designed to evaluate the response of Z. japonica to chronic, extreme temperature and salinity stress to facilitate development of models to predict potential Z. japonica colonization. We collected Z. japonica plants from Padilla Bay, Washington and Yaquina Bay and Coos Bay, Oregon and exposed them to a constant water temperature of 15 degrees C or 35 degrees C at three different salinities (5, 20 and 35). After 7 days exposure, shoot survival ranged between 6% and 42%; after 9 days exposure, only a few plants from the Yaquina Bay population survived. At a ambient temperature (15 degrees C), no differences were detected among the three salinity treatments. However, at a temperature of 35 degrees C, the survival of plants grown at a salinity of 5 was significantly lower than at higher salinities (20 and 35). Although the effect of population was weak, the northern population appeared to be more susceptible to the combined effects of heat stress and low salinity than the southern populations. We suggest that Z. japonica will continue to spread southward along the Pacific coast of North America until it reaches systems that regularly exceed the temperature tolerances of this non-indigenous seagrass. C1 [Kaldy, James E.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Shafer, Deborah J.] USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kaldy, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM kaldy.jim@epa.gov NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 64 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0006-8055 J9 BOT MAR JI Bot. Marina PD FEB PY 2013 VL 56 IS 1 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1515/bot-2012-0144 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 081XY UT WOS:000314357200008 ER PT J AU Loughlin, DH Yelverton, WH Dodder, RL Miller, CA AF Loughlin, Daniel H. Yelverton, William H. Dodder, Rebecca L. Miller, C. Andrew TI Methodology for examining potential technology breakthroughs for mitigating CO2 and application to centralized solar photovoltaics SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT Article DE Breakthrough technology; CO2 mitigation; Energy system; Solar power; Photovoltaic; Nested sensitivity analysis ID EMISSIONS; IMPACTS AB Aggressive reductions in US greenhouse gas emissions will require radical changes in how society generates and uses energy. Technological breakthroughs will be necessary if we are to make this transition cost effectively. With limited resources, understanding the breakthrough potential of various alternative technology options will be critical. One common approach for comparing technology options is via their relative levelized cost of electricity. This measure does not account for many of the complexities of the landscape in which the technologies compete, however. As an alternative, we describe the use of an energy system model within a nested parametric sensitivity analysis. The approach is applied to examine the breakthrough potential of a specific class of technology, centralized solar photovoltaics (CSPV). We define a "breakthrough" as being a tangible reduction in the system-wide cost of meeting a CO2 mitigation target. As "tangible" is a subjective term, we characterize the relationship between technology cost reductions and system-wide cost reductions for several mitigation targets. The results illustrate the importance of considering contextual factors in evaluating and comparing technologies. For example, the critical role that fuel switching and vehicle electrification play in mitigation scenarios is shown to affect the competition between CSPV and baseload technologies for market share. This breakthrough analysis approach can be applied to other technologies and is expected to be useful in assessing and comparing breakthrough opportunities across the energy system, including both energy production and use. C1 [Loughlin, Daniel H.; Yelverton, William H.; Dodder, Rebecca L.; Miller, C. Andrew] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Loughlin, DH (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD E305-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Loughlin.Dan@epa.gov OI Dodder, Rebecca/0000-0002-5252-3466 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD FEB PY 2013 VL 15 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s10098-012-0478-1 PG 12 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 080US UT WOS:000314270100002 ER PT J AU Kotecha, P Diwekar, U Cabezas, H AF Kotecha, Prakash Diwekar, Urmila Cabezas, Heriberto TI Model-based approach to study the impact of biofuels on the sustainability of an ecological system SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; POPULATION AB The importance and complexity of sustainability have been well recognized and a formal study of sustainability based on system theory approaches is imperative as many of the relationships between various components of the ecosystem could be nonlinear, intertwined and non-intuitive. A mathematical model capable of yielding qualitative inferences can serve as an important tool for policy makers as it can be simulated under various important scenarios and also help in evaluating different strategies and technologies. In this article, we consider a simplified ecological food web which comprises a macro-economic system, an industrial production sector, an energy generation sector, and elements of a human society along with a rudimentary legal system. The energy sector is designed to supply energy to the other components of the ecosystem either by using a finite, non-renewable energy source or by a combination of non-renewable source and biomass. Many of the components of the ecosystem depend directly or indirectly on the biomass used for energy production. Subsequently, this model is used to study the impact of using biomass for the production of energy on the sustainability of other components of ecosystem. We have also simulated the model under two commonly foreseen scenarios of population explosion and consumption increase to understand the effect of using biomass for the production of energy on the sustainability of the various components of the system. C1 [Kotecha, Prakash; Diwekar, Urmila] Vishwamitra Res Inst, Ctr Uncertain Syst Tools Optimizat & Management, Clarendon Hills, IL USA. [Cabezas, Heriberto] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Diwekar, U (reprint author), Vishwamitra Res Inst, Ctr Uncertain Syst Tools Optimizat & Management, Clarendon Hills, IL USA. EM urmila@vri-custom.org FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) Sustainable Technology Division [EP09C000220] FX The funding for this research work was sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) Sustainable Technology Division under the Contract EP09C000220. We would also like to appreciate the contracting officer representative, Norma Lewis, for the insightful discussions and her overall support. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD FEB PY 2013 VL 15 IS 1 BP 21 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s10098-012-0491-4 PG 13 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 080US UT WOS:000314270100003 ER PT J AU Arnold, SM Angerer, J Boogaard, PJ Hughes, MF O'Lone, RB Robison, SH Schnatter, AR AF Arnold, Scott M. Angerer, Juergen Boogaard, Peter J. Hughes, Michael F. O'Lone, Raegan B. Robison, Steven H. Schnatter, A. Robert TI The use of biomonitoring data in exposure and human health risk assessment: benzene case study SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Biomarkers of exposure; biomonitoring; benzene; cancer; risk assessment ID S-PHENYLMERCAPTURIC ACID; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; URINARY TRANS,TRANS-MUCONIC ACID; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; TRANS-MUCONIC ACID; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PETROLEUM DISTRIBUTION WORKERS; LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURE; LONG ARM DELETION AB A framework of "Common Criteria" (i.e. a series of questions) has been developed to inform the use and evaluation of biomonitoring data in the context of human exposure and risk assessment. The data-rich chemical benzene was selected for use in a case study to assess whether refinement of the Common Criteria framework was necessary, and to gain additional perspective on approaches for integrating biomonitoring data into a risk-based context. The available data for benzene satisfied most of the Common Criteria and allowed for a risk-based evaluation of the benzene biomonitoring data. In general, biomarker (blood benzene, urinary benzene and urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid) central tendency (i.e. mean, median and geometric mean) concentrations for non-smokers are at or below the predicted blood or urine concentrations that would correspond to exposure at the US Environmental Protection Agency reference concentration (30 mu g/m(3)), but greater than blood or urine concentrations relating to the air concentration at the 1 x 10(-5) excess cancer risk (2.9 mu g/m(3)). Smokers clearly have higher levels of benzene exposure, and biomarker levels of benzene for non-smokers are generally consistent with ambient air monitoring results. While some biomarkers of benzene are specific indicators of exposure, the interpretation of benzene biomonitoring levels in a health-risk context are complicated by issues associated with short half-lives and gaps in knowledge regarding the relationship between the biomarkers and subsequent toxic effects. C1 [Arnold, Scott M.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Angerer, Juergen] BGFA Forschungsinst Arbeitsmed Deutsch Gesetzlich, Erlangen, Germany. [Boogaard, Peter J.] Shell Int BV, The Hague, Netherlands. [Hughes, Michael F.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [O'Lone, Raegan B.] ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Robison, Steven H.] Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Schnatter, A. Robert] ExxonMobil Biomed Sci Inc, Annandale, NJ USA. RP Arnold, SM (reprint author), Dow Chem Co USA, 1803 Bldg, Midland, MI 48674 USA. EM smarnold@dow.com OI Boogaard, Peter J./0000-0002-6964-6681 FU ILSI HESI FX This publication stems from a subgroup of the HESI Integration of Biomonitoring Exposure Data into the Risk Assessment Process Technical Committee, whose work is funded through ILSI HESI. The authors' affiliation is as shown on the cover page. The authors have sole responsibility for the writing and content of the paper. NR 334 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 70 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1040-8444 EI 1547-6898 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 43 IS 2 BP 119 EP 153 DI 10.3109/10408444.2012.756455 PG 35 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 077ZT UT WOS:000314068600003 PM 23346981 ER PT J AU Ligeiro, R Hughes, RM Kaufmann, PR Macedo, DR Firmiano, KR Ferreira, WR Oliveira, D Melo, AS Callisto, M AF Ligeiro, Raphael Hughes, Robert M. Kaufmann, Philip R. Macedo, Diego R. Firmiano, Kele R. Ferreira, Wander R. Oliveira, Deborah Melo, Adriano S. Callisto, Marcos TI Defining quantitative stream disturbance gradients and the additive role of habitat variation to explain macroinvertebrate taxa richness SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Reference condition approach; Local disturbances; Catchment disturbances; Disturbance indices; Stream habitats; EPT assemblages ID MID-ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS; FISH-BASED INDEX; WATER-QUALITY; RIVER HEALTH; LAND-USE; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; MULTIMETRIC INDEX; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; REFERENCE SITES; BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT AB Most studies dealing with the use of ecological indicators and other applied ecological research rely on some definition or concept of what constitutes least-, intermediate- and most-disturbed condition. Currently, most rigorous methodologies designed to define those conditions are suited to large spatial extents (nations, ecoregions) and many sites (hundreds to thousands). The objective of this study was to describe a methodology to quantitatively define a disturbance gradient for 40 sites in each of two small southeastern Brazil river basins. The assessment of anthropogenic disturbance experienced by each site was based solely on measurements strictly related to the intensity and extent of anthropogenic pressures. We calculated two indices: one concerned site-scale pressures and the other catchment-scale pressures. We combined those two indices into a single integrated disturbance index (IDI) because disturbances operating at both scales affect stream biota. The local- and catchment-scale disturbance indices were weakly correlated in the two basins (r= 0.21 and 0.35) and both significantly (p < 0.05) reduced site EPT (insect orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) richness. The IDI also performed well in explaining EPT richness in the basin that presented the stronger disturbance gradient (R-2 = 0.39, p < 0.001). Natural habitat variability was assessed as a second source of variation in EPT richness. Stream size and microhabitats were the key habitat characteristics not related to disturbances that enhanced the explanation of EPT richness over that attributed to the IDI. In both basins the IDI plus habitat metrics together explained around 50% of EPT richness variation. In the basin with the weaker disturbance gradient, natural habitat explained more variation in EFT richness than did the IDI, a result that has implications for biomonitoring studies. We conclude that quantitatively defined disturbance gradients offer a reliable and comprehensive characterization of anthropogenic pressure that integrates data from different spatial scales. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ligeiro, Raphael; Macedo, Diego R.; Firmiano, Kele R.; Ferreira, Wander R.; Oliveira, Deborah; Callisto, Marcos] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Biol Geral, Lab Ecol Bentos, BR-30161970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hughes, Robert M.] Amnis Opes Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kaufmann, Philip R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Macedo, Diego R.] Inst Brasileiro Geog & Estat, BR-30310150 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Melo, Adriano S.] Univ Fed Goias, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Ecol, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. RP Ligeiro, R (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Biol Geral, Lab Ecol Bentos, Av Antonio Carlos 6627, BR-30161970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM ligeirobio@gmail.com; Hughes.Bob@epamail.epa.gov; Kaufmann.Phil@epamail.epa.gov; rodriguesmacedo@gmail.com; kelerocha@gmail.com; ferreirawr@gmail.com; deborah.ufmg@gmail.com; asm.adrimelo@gmail.com; mcallisto13@gmail.com RI Melo, Adriano/D-6859-2013; Macedo, Diego/G-2506-2015; Ligeiro, Raphael/K-7791-2015; Callisto, Marcos/O-4930-2015 OI Macedo, Diego/0000-0002-1178-4969; Ligeiro, Raphael/0000-0001-9717-5461; Callisto, Marcos/0000-0003-2341-4700 FU CEMIG-Programa Peixe Vivo; CAPES; CNPq; FAPEMIG; Fulbright Brasil FX We received funding and support for this research from CEMIG-Programa Peixe Vivo, CAPES, CNPq, FAPEMIG and Fulbright Brasil. We thank Tony Olsen, Marc Weber, and Phil Larsen of the Corvallis EPA Laboratory (Oregon, USA) for assistance in developing spatial sampling designs and selecting wadeable stream sample sites in our Brazilian basins. We thank Amanda Nahlik and Bob Ozretich, from US-EPA, for further editorial changes. Juliana Franca and Ana Paula Eller were responsible for water quality analyses. Carlos B. M. Alves helped with general logistics and field work. Colleagues from the Laboratorio de Ecologia de Bentos (UFMG), CEFET-MG, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) and Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC-MG) assisted with field collections. Discussions held during the "Workshop on Ecological Assessment: the Foundation for Evaluating Biological Patterns" (October 3-7, 2011, US EPA Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, OR, USA) added concepts and ideas for this study. The manuscript was written while the first author was a guest researcher at the USEPA Corvallis Laboratory. NR 106 TC 37 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 131 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 25 BP 45 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.09.004 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073VI UT WOS:000313770800005 ER PT J AU Dale, VH Kline, KL Perla, D Lucier, A AF Dale, Virginia H. Kline, Keith L. Perla, Donna Lucier, Al TI Communicating About Bioenergy Sustainability SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biofuels; Benefits; Communication; Costs; Decisions; Landscape design; Risk; Scale ID RESIDUE REMOVAL; LAND-USE; BIOFUELS; BIOMASS; IMPACT; SWITCHGRASS; INFORMATION; HARVEST; SYSTEMS; SCALE AB Defining and measuring sustainability of bioenergy systems are difficult because the systems are complex, the science is in early stages of development, and there is a need to generalize what are inherently context-specific enterprises. These challenges, and the fact that decisions are being made now, create a need for improved communications among scientists as well as between scientists and decision makers. In order for scientists to provide information that is useful to decision makers, they need to come to an agreement on how to measure and report potential risks and benefits of diverse energy alternatives in a way that allows decision makers to compare options. Scientists also need to develop approaches that contribute information about problems and opportunities relevant to policy and decision making. The need for clear communication is especially important at this time when there is a plethora of scientific papers and reports and it is difficult for the public or decision makers to assess the merits of each analysis. We propose three communication guidelines for scientists whose work can contribute to decision making: (1) relationships between the question and the analytical approach should be clearly defined and make common sense; (2) the information should be presented in a manner that non-scientists can understand; and (3) the implications of methods, assumptions, and limitations should be clear. The scientists' job is to analyze information to build a better understanding of environmental, cultural, and socioeconomic aspects of the sustainability of energy alternatives. The scientific process requires transparency, debate, review, and collaboration across disciplines and time. This paper serves as an introduction to the papers in the special issue on "Sustainability of Bioenergy Systems: Cradle to Grave" because scientific communication is essential to developing more sustainable energy systems. Together these four papers provide a framework under which the effects of bioenergy can be assessed and compared to other energy alternatives to foster sustainability. C1 [Dale, Virginia H.; Kline, Keith L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Perla, Donna] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Lucier, Al] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Dale, VH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dalevh@ornl.gov OI Kline, Keith/0000-0003-2294-1170 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) under the Biomass Technologies Office; DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was partially supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) under the Biomass Technologies Office. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by the UT-Battelle, LLC, for DOE under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Comments from Rebecca Efroymson, Matt Langholtz, and three anonymous reviewers were very helpful. Dr. Frederick O'Hara edited an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 72 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 51 IS 2 BP 279 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-0014-4 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 081ID UT WOS:000314311300001 PM 23322126 ER PT J AU Efroymson, RA Dale, VH Kline, KL McBride, AC Bielicki, JM Smith, RL Parish, ES Schweizer, PE Shaw, DM AF Efroymson, Rebecca A. Dale, Virginia H. Kline, Keith L. McBride, Allen C. Bielicki, Jeffrey M. Smith, Raymond L. Parish, Esther S. Schweizer, Peter E. Shaw, Denice M. TI Environmental Indicators of Biofuel Sustainability: What About Context? SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Baseline conditions; Bioenergy; Natural variability; Spatial and temporal scales; Supply chain; Systems ID INDIRECT LAND-USE; IMPROVING ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGIES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; UNITED-STATES; TESTING PREDICTIONS; CROP PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENERGY CROPS; HABITAT USE; BIOENERGY AB Indicators of the environmental sustainability of biofuel production, distribution, and use should be selected, measured, and interpreted with respect to the context in which they are used. The context of a sustainability assessment includes the purpose, the particular biofuel production and distribution system, policy conditions, stakeholder values, location, temporal influences, spatial scale, baselines, and reference scenarios. We recommend that biofuel sustainability questions be formulated with respect to the context, that appropriate indicators of environmental sustainability be developed or selected from more generic suites, and that decision makers consider context in ascribing meaning to indicators. In addition, considerations such as technical objectives, varying values and perspectives of stakeholder groups, indicator cost, and availability and reliability of data need to be understood and considered. Sustainability indicators for biofuels are most useful if adequate historical data are available, information can be collected at appropriate spatial and temporal scales, organizations are committed to use indicator information in the decision-making process, and indicators can effectively guide behavior toward more sustainable practices. C1 [Efroymson, Rebecca A.; Dale, Virginia H.; Kline, Keith L.; McBride, Allen C.; Parish, Esther S.; Schweizer, Peter E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr BioEnergy Sustainabil, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bielicki, Jeffrey M.] Univ Minnesota, Hubert H Humphrey Sch Publ Affairs, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Smith, Raymond L.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Shaw, Denice M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Efroymson, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr BioEnergy Sustainabil, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM efroymsonra@ornl.gov RI Bielicki, Jeffrey/D-4239-2016; OI Bielicki, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8449-9328; Kline, Keith/0000-0003-2294-1170; Efroymson, Rebecca/0000-0002-3190-880X; Parish, Esther/0000-0001-9264-6295 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL's) Center for BioEnergy Sustainability; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under the Office of the Biomass Program; DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This paper is a collaboration among researchers who attended the workshop "Sustainability of Bioenergy Systems: Cradle to Grave," sponsored by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL's) Center for BioEnergy Sustainability and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Researchers at ORNL were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under the Office of the Biomass Program. Jeffrey Bielicki's contribution resulted from being a Weinberg Fellow at ORNL. We thank Mark Downing of ORNL and anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We thank Charles Garten for conversations about relative feasibility of measurement of different indicators and Gangsheng Wang for discussions related to greenhouse-gas emissions from soil. Fred O'Hara provided technical editing of an earlier draft. ORNL is managed by the UT-Battelle, LLC, for DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USEPA or DOE. NR 124 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 7 U2 105 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 51 IS 2 BP 291 EP 306 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9907-5 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 081ID UT WOS:000314311300002 PM 22824960 ER PT J AU Passeport, E Vidon, P Forshay, KJ Harris, L Kaushal, SS Kellogg, DQ Lazar, J Mayer, P Stander, EK AF Passeport, Elodie Vidon, Philippe Forshay, Kenneth J. Harris, Lora Kaushal, Sujay S. Kellogg, Dorothy Q. Lazar, Julia Mayer, Paul Stander, Emilie K. TI Ecological Engineering Practices for the Reduction of Excess Nitrogen in Human-Influenced Landscapes: A Guide for Watershed Managers SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecological engineering; Nitrogen removal; Watershed; Land use; Aquatic ecosystems; Decision making ID HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW; NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; SEPTIC-SYSTEM NITRATE; RIPARIAN BUFFER ZONES; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; WASTE-WATER; DENITRIFICATION WALL; STREAM RESTORATION; NUTRIENT REMOVAL; URBAN STREAM AB Excess nitrogen (N) in freshwater systems, estuaries, and coastal areas has well-documented deleterious effects on ecosystems. Ecological engineering practices (EEPs) may be effective at decreasing nonpoint source N leaching to surface and groundwater. However, few studies have synthesized current knowledge about the functioning principles, performance, and cost of common EEPs used to mitigate N pollution at the watershed scale. Our review describes seven EEPs known to decrease N to help watershed managers select the most effective techniques from among the following approaches: advanced-treatment septic systems, low-impact development (LID) structures, permeable reactive barriers, treatment wetlands, riparian buffers, artificial lakes and reservoirs, and stream restoration. Our results show a broad range of N-removal effectiveness but suggest that all techniques could be optimized for N removal by promoting and sustaining conditions conducive to biological transformations (e.g., denitrification). Generally, N-removal efficiency is particularly affected by hydraulic residence time, organic carbon availability, and establishment of anaerobic conditions. There remains a critical need for systematic empirical studies documenting N-removal efficiency among EEPs and potential environmental and economic tradeoffs associated with the widespread use of these techniques. Under current trajectories of N inputs, land use, and climate change, ecological engineering alone may be insufficient to manage N in many watersheds, suggesting that N-pollution source prevention remains a critical need. Improved understanding of N-removal effectiveness and modeling efforts will be critical in building decision support tools to help guide the selection and application of best EEPs for N management. C1 [Passeport, Elodie] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vidon, Philippe] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry Syracuse, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Forshay, Kenneth J.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Harris, Lora] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol & Earth Syst Sci, Interdisciplinary Ctr Coll Pk, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kellogg, Dorothy Q.; Lazar, Julia] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Mayer, Paul] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Stander, Emilie K.] US Agcy Int Dev, Amer Assoc Adv Sci, Off Water, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Mayer, P (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM epasseport@gmail.com; mayer.paul@epa.gov RI Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013; Forshay, Ken/N-4068-2014; Forshay, Kenneth/P-3649-2015; OI Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189; Forshay, Ken/0000-0002-2867-8492; Forshay, Kenneth/0000-0002-2867-8492; Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU Denitrification Research Coordination Network of the National Science Foundation [DEB0443439]; United States Department of Agriculture CSREES Northeast States; Maryland Sea Grant [SA7528085-U, NA05OAR4171042, R/WS-2]; United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [CR829676] FX The authors thank George Loomis, research and extension soil scientist and director of the New England Onsite Wastewater Training Center, for sharing his expertise in advanced-treatment septic systems and Kathy Tynsky for creating the figures. This paper is a product of a workshop, Managing Denitrification in Human Dominated Landscapes,'' held May 12-14, 2009, at the University of Rhode Island Bay Campus, Narragansett, RI, USA, with support from the Denitrification Research Coordination Network of the National Science Foundation (award DEB0443439) and the United States Department of Agriculture CSREES Northeast States. Stream restoration research was funded by Maryland Sea Grant Awards SA7528085-U, NA05OAR4171042, and R/WS-2, and by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development under cooperative agreement CR829676. The research described in this article has not been subjected to USEPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of any of the funding agencies, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 167 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 13 U2 289 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 51 IS 2 BP 392 EP 413 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9970-y PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 081ID UT WOS:000314311300008 PM 23180248 ER PT J AU Mount, DI Mount, DR AF Mount, Donald I. Mount, David R. TI Development of practical methods for assessing the chronic toxicity of effluents SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article C1 [Mount, Donald I.; Mount, David R.] US EPA, Duluth, MN USA. RP Mount, DR (reprint author), US EPA, Duluth, MN USA. EM mount.dave@epa.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 32 IS 2 BP 252 EP 253 DI 10.1002/etc.2083 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 075ET UT WOS:000313867300002 PM 23325528 ER PT J AU Cormier, SM Suter, GW AF Cormier, Susan M. Suter, Glenn W., II TI Sources of data for water quality criteria SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cormier, Susan M.; Suter, Glenn W., II] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suter, GW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM suter.glenn@epamail.epa.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 32 IS 2 BP 254 EP 254 DI 10.1002/etc.2082 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 075ET UT WOS:000313867300003 PM 23325529 ER PT J AU Cormier, SM Suter, GW AF Cormier, Susan M. Suter, Glenn W., II TI A method for deriving water-quality benchmarks using field data SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Water-quality criteria; Ionic strength; Extirpation; Benthic invertebrate; Species sensitivity distribution ID CRITERIA AB The authors describe a methodology that characterizes effects to individual genera observed in the field and estimate the concentration at which 5% of genera are adversely affected. Ionic strength, measured as specific conductance, is used to illustrate the methodology. Assuming some resilience in the population, 95% of the genera are afforded protection. The authors selected an unambiguous effect, the presence or absence of a genus from sampling locations. The absence of a genus, extirpation, is operationally defined as the point above which only 5% of the observations of a genus occurs. The concentrations that cause extirpation of each genus are rank-ordered from least to greatest, and the benchmark is estimated at the 5th percentile of the distribution using two-point interpolation. When a full range of exposures and many taxa are included in the model of taxonomic sensitivity, the model broadly characterizes how species in general respond to a concentration gradient of the causal agent. This recognized U.S. Environmental Protection Agency methodology has many advantages. Observations from field studies include the full range of conditions, effects, species, and interactions that occur in the environment and can be used to model some causal relationships that laboratory studies cannot. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:255262. (C) 2012 SETAC C1 [Cormier, Susan M.; Suter, Glenn W., II] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suter, GW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Suter.glenn@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA FX We appreciated comments from our many reviewers. In particular, we thank C. Delos, M. Passmore, J. VanSickle, P. White, C. Schmitt, C. Menzie, C. Hawkins, and members of the U. S. EPA Biological Advisory Committee. We also thank the following members of the U. S. EPA Science Advisory Board for their careful review, interdisciplinary insights, and encouragement: D. Patten, E. Boyer, W. Clements, J. Dinger, G. Geidel, K. Hartman, R. Hilderbrand, A. Huryn, L. Johnson, T. W. La Point, S.N. Luoma, D. McLaughlin, M. C. Newman, T. Petty, E. Rankin, D. Soucek, B. Sweeney, P. Townsend, and R. Warner. The article is based on work supported by the U.S. EPA. The views expressed in the present study are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U. S. EPA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 32 IS 2 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1002/etc.2057 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 075ET UT WOS:000313867300004 PM 23147651 ER PT J AU Cormier, SM Suter, GW Zheng, L AF Cormier, Susan M. Suter, Glenn W., II Zheng, Lei TI Derivation of a benchmark for freshwater ionic strength SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Conductivity; Benthic invertebrate; Species sensitivity distribution; Extirpation; Sulfate ID STREAMS AB Because increased ionic strength has caused deleterious ecological changes in freshwater streams, thresholds for effects are needed to inform resource-management decisions. In particular, effluents from surface coal mining raise the ionic strength of receiving streams. The authors developed an aquatic life benchmark for specific conductance as a measure of ionic strength that is expected to prevent the local extirpation of 95% of species from neutral to alkaline waters containing a mixture of dissolved ions in which the mass of SO?42-?+?HCO?3-?=?Cl-. Extirpation concentrations of specific conductance were estimated from the presence and absence of benthic invertebrate genera from 2,210 stream samples in West Virginia. The extirpation concentration is the 95th percentile of the distribution of the probability of occurrence of a genus with respect to specific conductance. In a region with a background of 116 mu S/cm, the 5th percentile of the species sensitivity distribution of extirpation concentrations for 163 genera is 300 mu S/cm. Because the benchmark is not protective of all genera and protects against extirpation rather than reduction in abundance, this level may not fully protect sensitive species or higher-quality, exceptional waters. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:263271. (C) 2012 SETAC C1 [Cormier, Susan M.; Suter, Glenn W., II] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Zheng, Lei] Tetra Tech, Owings Mills, MD USA. RP Suter, GW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM suter.glenn@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA FX We thank the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, which provided data for analysis. Reviewers, both anonymous and named, improved the quality of the content and presentation: L. Yuan, M. Griffith, D. Petersen, C. Delos, M. Passmore, J. VanSickle, P. White, C. Schmitt, C. Menzie, and C. Hawkins, and members of the U. S. EPA Biological Advisory Committee. We also thank the members of the U. S. EPA Science Advisory Board for their careful review, interdisciplinary insights, and encouragement: D. Patten, E. Boyer, W. Clements, J. Dinger, G. Geidel, K. Hartman, R. Hilderbrand, A. Huryn, L. Johnson, T. W. La Point, S.N. Luoma, D. McLaughlin, M. C. Newman, T. Petty, E. Rankin, D. Soucek, B. Sweeney, P. Townsend, and R. Warner. The work was supported by the U.S. EPA. The views expressed in the present study are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U. S. EPA. NR 32 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 32 IS 2 BP 263 EP 271 DI 10.1002/etc.2064 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 075ET UT WOS:000313867300005 PM 23161648 ER PT J AU Cormier, SM Suter, GW AF Cormier, Susan M. Suter, Glenn W., II TI A method for assessing causation of field exposure-response relationships SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; Cause-effect; Causation; Weight of evidence; Conductivity ID INFERENCE AB Because associations between agents and environmental effects are not necessarily causal, it is necessary to assess causation before using such relationships in environmental management. The authors adapted epidemiological methods to assess general causal hypotheses. General causation establishes that an agent is capable of causing an effect. The method uses all relevant and good-quality evidence in a weight-of-evidence system. The system is credible due to its explicit a priori criteria. The evidence is organized in terms of six characteristics of causation: cooccurrence, preceding causation, interaction, alteration, sufficiency, and time order. The causal assessment proceeds through six steps that generate, organize, and score evidence to determine whether causation is adequately supported by the body of evidence. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:272276. (C) 2012 SETAC C1 [Cormier, Susan M.; Suter, Glenn W., II] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suter, GW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM suter.glenn@epamail.epa.gov FU U.S. EPA FX We thank the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, G. Pond, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA), who provided data, and L. Zheng, Tetratech performed all statistical analyses. Anonymous and named reviewers improved the quality of the manuscript: M. Griffith, C. Delos, M. Passmore, J. VanSickle, C. Schmitt, C. Menzie, C. Hawkins, and members of the U. S. EPA Biological Advisory Committee. The U. S. EPA Science Advisory Board provided careful review, interdisciplinary insights, and encouragement: D. Patten, E. Boyer, W. Clements, J. Dinger, G. Geidel, K. Hartman, R. Hilderbrand, A. Huryn, L. Johnson, T. W. LaPoint, S.N. Luoma, D. McLaughlin, M. C. Newman, T. Petty, E. Rankin, D. Soucek, B. Sweeney, and R. Warner. The article was formatted by D. Kleiser, C. Lewis, S. Moore, and L. Wood of EC Flex, and L. Kessler, K. Secor, and L. Tackett of IntelliTech Systems. The article is based on work supported by the U.S. EPA. The views expressed in the present study are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U. S. EPA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 32 IS 2 BP 272 EP 276 DI 10.1002/etc.2056 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 075ET UT WOS:000313867300006 PM 23161561 ER PT J AU Cormier, SM Suter, GW Zheng, L Pond, GJ AF Cormier, Susan M. Suter, Glenn W., II Zheng, Lei Pond, Gregory J. TI Assessing causation of the extirpation of stream macroinvertebrates by a mixture of ions SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; Conductivity; Cause-effect; Weight of evidence; Macroinvertebrate ID HEADWATER STREAMS; NUTRIENT BUDGETS; AQUATIC INSECTS; STRENGTH; KENTUCKY; EFFLUENT; FIELD; USA AB Increased ionic concentrations are associated with the impairment of benthic invertebrate assemblages. However, the causal nature of that relationship must be demonstrated so that it can be used to derive a benchmark for conductivity. The available evidence is organized in terms of six characteristics of causation: cooccurrence, preceding causation, interaction, alteration, sufficiency, and time order. The inferential approach is to weight the lines of evidence using a consistent scoring system, weigh the evidence for each causal characteristic, and then assess the body of evidence. Through this assessment, the authors found that a mixture containing the ions Ca+, Mg+, HCO?3-, and SO?4-, as measured by conductivity, is a common cause of extirpation of aquatic macroinvertebrates in Appalachia where surface coal mining is prevalent. The mixture of ions is implicated as the cause rather than any individual constituent of the mixture. The authors also expect that ionic concentrations sufficient to cause extirpations would occur with a similar salt mixture containing predominately HCO?3-, SO?42-, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in other regions with naturally low conductivity. This case demonstrates the utility of the method for determining whether relationships identified in the field are causal. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:277287.(C) 2012 SETAC C1 [Cormier, Susan M.; Suter, Glenn W., II] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Zheng, Lei] Tetra Tech, Owings Mills, MD USA. [Pond, Gregory J.] US EPA, Wheeling, WV USA. RP Suter, GW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM suter.glenn@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA FX We thank the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection for their cooperation and data. Anonymous and named reviewers improved the manuscript: M. Griffith, C. Delos, M. Passmore, J. VanSickle, C. Schmitt, C. Menzie, C. Hawkins, and members of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) Biological Advisory Committee. The U. S. EPA Science Advisory Board provided review, interdisciplinary insights, and encouragement: D. Patten, E. Boyer, W. Clements, J. Dinger, G. Geidel, K. Hartman, R. Hilderbrand, A. Huryn, L. Johnson, T. W. LaPoint, S.N. Luoma, D. McLaughlin, M. C. Newman, T. Petty, E. Rankin, D. Soucek, B. Sweeney, and R. The article was prepared for publication by D. Kleiser, C. Lewis, S. Moore, and L. Wood of EC Flex, Inc., and L. Kessler, K. Secor, and L. Tackett of IntelliTech Systems. The present study is based on work supported by the U.S. EPA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U. S. EPA. NR 50 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 32 IS 2 BP 277 EP 287 DI 10.1002/etc.2059 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 075ET UT WOS:000313867300007 PM 23147750 ER PT J AU Suter, GW Cormier, SM AF Suter, Glenn W., II Cormier, Susan M. TI A method for assessing the potential for confounding applied to ionic strength in central Appalachian streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aquatic invertebrates; Conductivity; Weight of evidence; Salinity; Causation AB Causal relationships derived from field data are potentially confounded by variables that are correlated with both the cause and its effect. The present study presents a method for assessing the potential for confounding and applies it to the relationship between ionic strength and impairment of benthic invertebrate assemblages in central Appalachian streams. The method weighs all available evidence for and against confounding by each potential confounder. It identifies 10 types of evidence for confounding, presents a qualitative scoring system, and provides rules for applying the scores. Twelve potential confounders were evaluated: habitat, organic enrichment, nutrients, deposited sediments, pH, selenium, temperature, lack of headwaters, catchment area, settling ponds, dissolved oxygen, and metals. One potential confounder, low pH, was found to be biologically significant and eliminated by removing sites with pH 20 degrees C; 53.1%). The two factors had comparable relative contributions of 26.5% and 27.1% in warm periods with temperatures between 10 degrees C and 20 degrees C. Each of the seven factors resolved in a previous study (Dutton et al., 2010b) using a 1-year data set from the same location matches one factor from the current work based on comparing factor profiles. Six out of the seven matched pairs of factors are linked to similar source classes as suggested by the strong correlations between factor contributions (r = 0.89-0.98). Temperature-stratified source apportionment was conducted for three subsets of the data in the current study, corresponding to the cold, warm and hot periods mentioned above. The cold period (7-factor) solution exhibited a similar distribution of reconstructed PM2.5 mass as the full data set solution. The factor contributions of the warm period (7-factor) solution were well correlated with those from the full data set solution (r = 0.76-0.99). However, the reconstructed PM2.5 mass was distributed more to inorganic ion, n-alkane and medium alkane/alkanoic acid factors in the warm period solution than in the full data set solution. For the hot period (6-factor) solution, PM2.5 mass distribution was quite different from that of the full data set solution, as illustrated by regression slopes as low as 0.2 and as high as 4.8 of each matched pair of factors across the two solutions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hannigan, Michael P.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dutton, Steven J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Peel, Jennifer L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kim, Sun-Young; Vedal, Sverre; Sheppard, Lianne] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hannigan, MP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM hannigan@colorado.edu RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 FU NIEHS [RO1 ES010197] FX This work has supported by NIEHS research grant RO1 ES010197. We would thank Sheila Burns, Pat McGraw and Bradley Rink (CDPHE) for their help with STN data retrieval, and Joni Rix (Denver Public School District) and Palmer Elementary School faculty and staff for their assistance with the sampling site. We also thank the many people that helped to develop the organics data set: John Ortega, Dan Williams, Brett Casso, Teresa Coons, Cathy Vos, and Jessica Garcia. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 71 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 65 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.034 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 074UV UT WOS:000313840500002 PM 25214809 ER PT J AU Thompson, AW Dumyahn, S Prokopy, LS Amberg, S Baumgart-Getz, A Jackson-Tyree, J Perry-Hill, R Reimer, A Robinson, K Mase, AS AF Thompson, Aaron W. Dumyahn, Sarah Prokopy, Linda S. Amberg, Shannon Baumgart-Getz, Adam Jackson-Tyree, JoElla Perry-Hill, Rebecca Reimer, Adam Robinson, Kimberly Mase, Amber Saylor TI Comparing Random Sample Q and R Methods for Understanding Natural Resource Attitudes SO FIELD METHODS LA English DT Article DE Q methodology; survey methodology; factor analysis; consensus analysis; natural resources ID PERSPECTIVES; MANAGEMENT AB This study collects data on community views of the Wabash River in north-central Indiana using 36 representative statements. The statements were incorporated into two different formats: (1) a standard survey, or Likert-type, instrument and (2) a Q-methodology instrument for mailed distribution to two separate random samples of community residents, which allowed for comparing the results of these methodologies. The data were analyzed using factor analysis techniques. The analysis revealed that under identical sampling conditions, the results of Q and R methodologies are similar. Additional discussion focuses on the similarities and differences of these results and how Q methodology can contribute to our understanding of community attitudes toward natural resources. C1 [Thompson, Aaron W.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Dumyahn, Sarah; Prokopy, Linda S.; Jackson-Tyree, JoElla; Perry-Hill, Rebecca; Reimer, Adam; Robinson, Kimberly; Mase, Amber Saylor] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Amberg, Shannon] St Marys Univ Minnesota, Prairie Isl Field Stn, Winona, MN USA. [Baumgart-Getz, Adam] US EPA, Community & Tribal Programs Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Thompson, AW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, 800 Reserve St,TNR 207, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM aaron.thompson@uwsp.edu RI Prokopy, Linda/D-4900-2013 OI Prokopy, Linda/0000-0001-7076-0046 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 23 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1525-822X J9 FIELD METHOD JI Field Methods PD FEB PY 2013 VL 25 IS 1 BP 25 EP 46 DI 10.1177/1525822X12453516 PG 22 WC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Anthropology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 072FR UT WOS:000313655200002 ER PT J AU Brinkman, NE Francisco, R Nichols, TL Robinson, D Schaefer, FW Schaudies, RP Villegas, EN AF Brinkman, N. E. Francisco, R. Nichols, T. L. Robinson, D. Schaefer, F. W., III Schaudies, R. P. Villegas, E. N. TI Detection of multiple waterborne pathogens using microsequencing arrays SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drinking water; environmental; recreational water; microarray; microbial contamination; water quality ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY; QUANTITATIVE PCR; GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; SOURCE TRACKING; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; OOCYSTS; ASSAYS; MURIS AB Aims A microarray was developed to simultaneously detect Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium hominis, Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus anthracis and Francisella tularensis in water. Methods and Results A DNA microarray was designed to contain probes that specifically detected C. parvum, C. hominis, Ent. faecium, B. anthracis and F. tularensis. The microarray was then evaluated with samples containing target and nontarget DNA from near-neighbour micro-organisms, and tap water spiked with multiple organisms. Results demonstrated that the microarray consistently detected Ent. faecium, B. anthracis, F. tularensis and C. parvum when present in samples. Cryptosporidium hominis was only consistently detected through the use of shared probes between C. hominis and C. parvum. Conclusions This study successfully developed and tested a microarray-based assay that can specifically detect faecal indicator bacteria and human pathogens in tap water. Significance and Impact of the Study The use of indicator organisms has become a practical solution for monitoring for water quality. However, they do not always correlate well with the presence of many microbial pathogens, thus necessitating direct monitoring for most pathogens. This microarray can be used to simultaneously detect multiple organisms in a single sample. More importantly, it can provide occurrence information that may be used in assessing potential exposure risks to waterborne pathogens. C1 [Brinkman, N. E.; Villegas, E. N.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Francisco, R.; Robinson, D.; Schaudies, R. P.] GenArraytion Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Nichols, T. L.; Schaefer, F. W., III] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Villegas, EN (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mailstop 320,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM pschaudies@genarraytion.com; villegas.eric@epa.gov RI Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015 OI Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588 FU US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The authors would like to thank David Lattier and John Martinson for critical review of this manuscript. US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by EPA for use. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 114 IS 2 BP 564 EP 573 DI 10.1111/jam.12073 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 073DN UT WOS:000313723800028 PM 23167710 ER PT J AU Phelan, KD Shwe, UT Abramowitz, J Wu, H Rhee, SW Howell, MD Gottschall, PE Freichel, M Flockerzi, V Birnbaumer, L Zheng, F AF Phelan, Kevin D. Shwe, U. Thaung Abramowitz, Joel Wu, Hong Rhee, Sung W. Howell, Matthew D. Gottschall, Paul E. Freichel, Marc Flockerzi, Veit Birnbaumer, Lutz Zheng, Fang TI Canonical Transient Receptor Channel 5 (TRPC5) and TRPC1/4 Contribute to Seizure and Excitotoxicity by Distinct Cellular Mechanisms SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIPPOCAMPAL PYRAMIDAL CELLS; SLOW AFTERDEPOLARIZATION; CATION CHANNEL; MOUSE-BRAIN; NEURONS; ACTIVATION; CONDUCTANCE; POTENTIALS; GENERATION; RESOLUTION AB Seizures are the manifestation of highly synchronized burst firing of a large population of cortical neurons. Epileptiform bursts with an underlying plateau potential in neurons are a cellular correlate of seizures. Emerging evidence suggests that the plateau potential is mediated by neuronal canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels composed of members of the TRPC1/4/5 subgroup. We previously showed that TRPC1/4 double-knockout (DKO) mice lack epileptiform bursting in lateral septal neurons and exhibit reduced seizure-induced neuronal cell death, but surprisingly have unaltered pilocarpine-induced seizures. Here, we report that TRPC5 knockout (KO) mice exhibit both significantly reduced seizures and minimal seizure-induced neuronal cell death in the hippocampus. Interestingly, epileptiform bursting induced by agonists for metabotropic glutamate receptors in the hippocampal CA1 area is unaltered in TRPC5 KO mice, but is abolished in TRPC1 KO and TRPC1/4 DKO mice. In contrast, long-term potentiation is greatly reduced in TRPC5 KO mice, but is normal in TRPC1 KO and TRPC1/4 DKO mice. The distinct changes from these knockouts suggest that TRPC5 and TRPC1/4 contribute to seizure and excitotoxicity by distinct cellular mechanisms. Furthermore, the reduced seizure and excitotoxicity and normal spatial learning exhibited in TRPC5 KO mice suggest that TRPC5 is a promising novel molecular target for new therapy. C1 [Phelan, Kevin D.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Neurobiol & Dev Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Shwe, U. Thaung; Wu, Hong; Rhee, Sung W.; Howell, Matthew D.; Gottschall, Paul E.; Zheng, Fang] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Freichel, Marc] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Pharmakol, Heidelberg, Germany. [Flockerzi, Veit] Univ Saarland, Fak Med, Homburg, Germany. [Abramowitz, Joel; Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Zheng, F (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, 4301 W Markham St,Slot 611, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. EM zhengfang@uams.edu RI Abramowitz, Joel/A-2620-2015; Zheng, Fang/J-1400-2016; OI Zheng, Fang/0000-0002-6626-1938; Howell, Matthew/0000-0003-1346-857X FU National Institutes of Health National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NS050381, NS047546]; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Tobacco Research Fund; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Hornick Research Award; Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health [Z01-ES 101684] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [Grants NS050381 and NS047546]; the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Tobacco Research Fund; and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Hornick Research Award; and also was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health [Grant Z01-ES 101684]. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 83 IS 2 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.1124/mol.112.082271 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 073LE UT WOS:000313743700012 PM 23188715 ER PT J AU Berridge, BR Hoffmann, P Turk, JR Sellke, F Gintant, G Hirkaler, G Dreher, K Schultze, AE Walker, D Edmunds, N Halpern, W Falls, J Sanders, M Pettit, SD AF Berridge, Brian R. Hoffmann, Peter Turk, James R. Sellke, Frank Gintant, Gary Hirkaler, Gerald Dreher, Kevin Schultze, A. Eric Walker, Dana Edmunds, Nick Halpern, Wendy Falls, James Sanders, Marty Pettit, Syril D. TI Integrated and translational nonclinical in vivo cardiovascular risk assessment: Gaps and opportunities SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cardiotoxicity; Safety assessment; Nonclinical safety; Cardiovascular safety ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; FLOW-MEDIATED VASODILATION; QT INTERVAL PROLONGATION; INDUCED CARDIAC INJURY; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; DIABETES-MELLITUS; HEART-FAILURE; SAFETY PHARMACOLOGY; NATRIURETIC-PEPTIDE; CLINICAL-TRIALS AB Cardiovascular (CV) safety concerns are a significant source of drug development attrition in the pharmaceutical industry today. Though current nonclinical testing paradigms have largely prevented catastrophic CV events in Phase I studies, many challenges relating to the inability of current nonclinical safety testing strategies to model patient outcomes persist. Contemporary approaches include a spectrum of evaluations of CV structure and function in a variety of laboratory animal species. These approaches might be improved with a more holistic integration of these evaluations in repeat-dose studies, addition of novel endpoints with greater sensitivity and translational application, and use of more relevant animal models. Particular opportunities present with advances in imaging capabilities applicable to rodent and non-rodent species, technical capabilities for measuring CV function in repeat-dose animal studies, detection and quantitation of microRNAs and wider use of alternative animal models. Strategic application of these novel opportunities considering putative CV risk associated with the molecular drug target as well as inherent risks present in the target patient population could tailor or 'personalize' nonclinical safety assessment as a more translational evaluation. This paper is a call to action for the clinical and nonclinical drug safety communities to assess these opportunities to determine their utility in filling potential gaps in our current cardiovascular safety testing paradigms. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Berridge, Brian R.; Falls, James] GlaxoSmithKline, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hoffmann, Peter] Novartis Pharmaceut, E Hanover, NJ 07936 USA. [Turk, James R.] Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. [Sellke, Frank] Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02903 USA. [Gintant, Gary] Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. [Hirkaler, Gerald; Sanders, Marty] Hoffman LaRoche, Nutley, NJ 07827 USA. [Dreher, Kevin] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Schultze, A. Eric] Eli Lilly & Co, Greenfield, IN 46140 USA. [Walker, Dana] Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. [Edmunds, Nick] Pfizer Ltd, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, Kent, England. [Halpern, Wendy] Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Pettit, Syril D.] HESI, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Pettit, SD (reprint author), Brown Univ, Sch Med, GSK, 1156 15th St NW,2nd Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM spettit@hesiglobal.org NR 88 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 EI 1096-0295 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 65 IS 1 BP 38 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.09.007 PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 071RC UT WOS:000313610900006 PM 23044254 ER PT J AU Brandt-Williams, S Wigand, C Campbell, DE AF Brandt-Williams, Sherry Wigand, Cathleen Campbell, Daniel E. TI Relationships between watershed emergy flow and coastal New England salt marsh structure, function, and condition SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Environmental indicators, wetlands; Emergy flow; Nutrient loading; Salt marsh condition index; Watershed development; Empower density; Areas of impairment; Wetland impairment; Watershed management ID RHODE-ISLAND; WAQUOIT BAY; ISOTOPE SIGNATURES; GEUKENSIA-DEMISSA; NARRAGANSETT BAY; PLANT DIVERSITY; NITROGEN LOADS; ESTUARIES; COMMUNITY; EUTROPHICATION AB This study evaluated the link between watershed activities and salt marsh structure, function, and condition using spatial emergy flow density (areal empower density) in the watershed and field data from 10 tidal salt marshes in Narragansett Bay, RI, USA. The field-collected data were obtained during several years of vegetation, invertebrate, soil, and water quality sampling. The use of emergy as an accounting mechanism allowed disparate factors (e.g., the amount of building construction and the consumption of electricity) to be combined into a single landscape index while retaining a uniform quantitative definition of the intensity of landscape development. It expanded upon typical land use percentage studies by weighting each category for the intensity of development. At the RI salt marsh sites, an impact index (watershed emergy flow normalized for marsh area) showed significant correlations with mudflat infauna species richness, mussel density, plant species richness, the extent and density of dominant plant species, and denitrification potential within the high salt marsh. Over the 4-year period examined, a loading index (watershed emergy flow normalized for watershed area) showed significant correlations with nitrite and nitrate concentrations, as well as with the nitrogen to phosphorus ratios in stream discharge into the marshes. Both the emergy impact and loading indices were significantly correlated with a salt marsh condition index derived from intensive field-based assessments. Comparison of the emergy indices to calculated nitrogen loading estimates for each watershed also produced significant positive correlations. These results suggest that watershed emergy flow is a robust index of human disturbance and a potential tool for rapid assessment of coastal wetland condition. C1 [Brandt-Williams, Sherry; Wigand, Cathleen; Campbell, Daniel E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Brandt-Williams, S (reprint author), St Johns River Water Management Dist, Palatka, FL 32178 USA. EM sbrandt@sjrwmd.com FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) FX The research described in this article has been funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); however, it has not been subjected to Agency level review; and therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This article is Contribution Number AED-03-101 of the Atlantic Ecology Division (AED), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development of the USEPA. We thank Rick McKinney, Peg Pelletier, and John Kiddon all of AED for helpful reviews of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 93 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 185 IS 2 BP 1391 EP 1412 DI 10.1007/s10661-012-2640-y PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 068ID UT WOS:000313359000029 PM 22535367 ER PT J AU Pond, GJ Bailey, JE Lowman, BM Whitman, MJ AF Pond, Gregory J. Bailey, Jeffrey E. Lowman, Benjamin M. Whitman, Michael J. TI Calibration and validation of a regionally and seasonally stratified macroinvertebrate index for West Virginia wadeable streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Macroinvertebrates; Bioassessment; Multimetric index; Reference condition; Taxonomic resolution; IBI ID ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS STREAMS; TAXONOMIC RESOLUTION; MULTIMETRIC INDEX; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; GENUS-LEVEL; BIOASSESSMENTS; PERFORMANCE; INDICATORS; STATE AB Multimetric indices (MMIs) are routinely used by federal, state, and tribal entities to assess the quality of aquatic resources. Because of their diversity, abundance, ubiquity, and sensitivity to environmental stress, benthic macroinvertebrates are well suited for MMIs. West Virginia has used a statewide family-level stream condition index (WVSCI) since 2002. We describe the development, validation, and application of a geographically- and seasonally partitioned genus-level index of most probable stream status (GLIMPSS) for West Virginia wadeable streams. Natural classification strata were evaluated with reference site communities using mean similarity analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination. Forty-one metrics spanning six ecological categories (richness, composition, tolerance, dominance, trophic groups, and habits) were evaluated for sensitivity, responsiveness, redundancy, range and variability across seasonal (spring and summer) and regional (mountains and plateau) strata. Through a step-wise metric selection process, 8-10 metrics were aggregated to comprise four stratum-specific GLIMPSS models (mountain/plateau and spring/summer). A comparison of GLIMPSS with WVSCI exhibited marked improvements where GLIMPSS detecting greater stream impacts. A variation of the GLIMPSS, which differs only in the family-level taxonomic identification of Chironomidae (GLIMPSS (CF)), was comparable to the full GLIMPSS. These MMIs are robust yet practical tools for evaluating impacts to water quality, instream and riparian habitat, and aquatic wildlife in wadeable riffle-run streams based on sensitivity, responsiveness, precision, and independent validation. These models may be used effectively to detect degradation of the naturally occurring benthic community, assess causes of biological degradation, and plan and evaluate remediation of damaged stream ecosystems. C1 [Pond, Gregory J.] US EPA, Off Monitoring & Assessment, Environm Assessment & Innovat Div, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA. [Bailey, Jeffrey E.; Lowman, Benjamin M.; Whitman, Michael J.] W Virginia Dept Environm Protect, Div Water & Waste Management, Watershed Branch, Charleston, WV 25304 USA. RP Pond, GJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Monitoring & Assessment, Environm Assessment & Innovat Div, 1060 Chapline St, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA. EM pond.greg@epa.gov; Jeffrey.E.Bailey@wv.gov; Ben.M.Lowman@wv.gov; Michael.J.Whitman@wv.gov NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 185 IS 2 BP 1515 EP 1540 DI 10.1007/s10661-012-2648-3 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 068ID UT WOS:000313359000038 PM 22580746 ER PT J AU Davis, JM Baxter, CV Minshall, GW Olson, NF Tang, C Crosby, BT AF Davis, J. M. Baxter, C. V. Minshall, G. W. Olson, N. F. Tang, C. Crosby, B. T. TI Climate-induced shift in hydrological regime alters basal resource dynamics in a wilderness river ecosystem SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE algae; climate change; resource quality; snowmelt; variable infiltration capacity hydrologic model ID STREAM PERIPHYTON; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; NORTH-AMERICA; FLOW REGIME; FOOD-WEB; TEMPERATURE; LIGHT; COMMUNITIES; STOICHIOMETRY; ASSEMBLAGES AB 1. We integrated a 20-year ecological data set from a sparsely inhabited, snowmelt-dominated catchment with hydrologic models to predict the effects of hydrologic shifts on stream biofilm. 2. We used a stepwise multiple regression to assess the relationship between hydrology and biofilm ash-free dry mass (AFDM) and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) under recent climate conditions. Biofilm AFDM was significantly related to the timing of peak streamflow, and chl-a was significantly related to the timing of median streamflow. We applied these results to output from the variable infiltration capacity hydrologic model, which predicted hydrology under a baseline scenario (+0 degrees C) and a range of warming scenarios expected with climate change (+1, +2 or +3 degrees C). 3. When compared to the baseline, the results indicated that earlier peakflows predicted under warming scenarios may lead to earlier initiation of biofilm growth. This may increase biofilm AFDM during the summer by up to 103% (+/- 29) in the +3 degrees C scenario. Moreover, interannual variability of AFDM was predicted to increase up to 300%. Average chl-a during the summer increased by up to 90% (+/- 15) in the +3 degrees C scenario; however, its response was not significantly different from baseline in most years. 4. Because hydrologic change may alter the temporal dynamics of biofilm growth, it may affect the seasonal dynamics of biofilm quality (i.e. chl-a-to-AFDM ratio). The results indicated that hydrologic shifts may increase biofilm quality during the spring, but may decrease it during the summer. Thus, we provide evidence that predicted hydrologic shifts in snowmelt-dominated streams may alter the quantity and quality of an important basal resource. However, the magnitudes of these predictions are likely to be affected by other environmental changes that are occurring with climate change (e.g. increased wildfire activity and stream warming). C1 [Davis, J. M.; Baxter, C. V.; Minshall, G. W.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stream Ecol Ctr, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Davis, J. M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. [Olson, N. F.; Crosby, B. T.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Tang, C.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Davis, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA USA. EM davis.john@epa.gov FU U.S. Forest Service; NSF-Idaho EPSCoR [EPS 04-47689, EPS 08-14387]; DeVlieg Foundation; Idaho State University FX The U.S. Forest Service, NSF-Idaho EPSCoR (EPS 04-47689, EPS 08-14387), DeVlieg Foundation and Idaho State University funded this project. We are grateful to everyone who collected and maintained the long-term data, but especially K. Harris, R. Malison, J. Morris, C. Relyea, C. Robinson, T. Royer and A. Rugenski. J. and H. Akenson, former directors of the Taylor Wilderness Field Station, provided logistical support. K. Aho and S. Wenger provided statistical advice. Comments from E. Rosi-Marshall, S. Wenger and several anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 102 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 58 IS 2 BP 306 EP 319 DI 10.1111/fwb.12059 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 065DO UT WOS:000313128300007 ER PT J AU Kolle, S Basketter, D Casati, S Stokes, WS Strickland, J Vohr, HW van Ravenzwaay, B Landsiedel, R AF Kolle, S. Basketter, D. Casati, S. Stokes, W. S. Strickland, J. Vohr, H-W van Ravenzwaay, B. Landsiedel, R. TI Performance Standards and Alternative Assays: Practical Insights From Skin Sensitization SO NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kolle, S.; van Ravenzwaay, B.; Landsiedel, R.] BASF SE Expt Toxicol & Ecol, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany. [Basketter, D.] DABMED Consultancy Ltd, Sharnbrook, Beds, England. [Casati, S.] JRC, EURL ECVAM, Ispra, Italy. [Stokes, W. S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program Interagency, Ctr Evaluat Alternat Toxicol Methods, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Strickland, J.] Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Vohr, H-W] Bayer Pharma, Bayer Hlth Care, Wuppertal, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1298 EI 1432-1912 J9 N-S ARCH PHARMACOL JI Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 386 SU 1 MA 170 BP S43 EP S43 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA V40KB UT WOS:000209476400171 ER PT J AU Preston, RJ AF Preston, R. Julian TI DNA Reactivity as a Mode of Action and Its Relevance to Cancer Risk Assessment SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA reactivity; mutation; key events; mode of action; cancer ID CARCINOGENS; HALLMARKS; MUTATION; EXPOSURE AB The ability of a chemical to induce mutations has long been a driver in the cancer risk assessment process. The default strategy has been that mutagenic chemicals demonstrate linear cancer dose responses, especially at low exposure levels. In the absence of additional confounding information, this is a reasonable approach, because risk assessment is appropriately considered as being protective of human health. The concept of mode of action has allowed for an opportunity to move off this default position; mutagenicity is now not considered as the driver but rather the mode of action is. In a more precise way, it is the set of key events that define a mode of action that is fundamental in defining the shape of a cancer dose response. A key event is an informative bioindicator of the cancer response and as such should be predictive of the tumor response, at least in a qualitative way. A clear example of the use of key events in cancer risk assessment is for DNA reactive chemicals. A series of such key events is initiated by the production of DNA damage in target cells from direct interaction of the chemical with DNA leading to the production of mutations by misreplication that results in enhanced cell replication. This enhanced cell replication eventually leads to the development of preneoplastic cells and ultimately overt neoplasms. The response of each of these key events to dose of the chemical can inform the cancer dose-response curve shape. Thus, the dose-response curve for any DNA-reactive chemical can be predicted from knowledge of its mode of action and the behavior of the induced key events. C1 [Preston, R. Julian] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Preston, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL MD B105 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM preston.julian@epa.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 EI 1533-1601 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 41 IS 2 BP 322 EP 325 DI 10.1177/0192623312464437 PG 4 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA AB0DP UT WOS:000331462300013 PM 23085981 ER PT J AU Yuan, YP Locke, MA Bingner, RL Rebich, RA AF Yuan, Yongping Locke, Martin A. Bingner, Ronald L. Rebich, Richard A. TI Phosphorus losses from agricultural watersheds in the Mississippi Delta SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Rainfall; Runoff; Sediment loss; Ortho-P loss; TP loss; Soil P; Agricultural management practices; Tillage ID EXTRACTABLE SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; EUTROPHICATION; ACCUMULATION; ALBERTA AB Phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural fields is of environmental concern because of its potential impact on water quality in streams and lakes. The Mississippi Delta has long been known for its fish productivity and recreational value, but high levels of P in fresh water can lead to algal blooms that have many detrimental effects on natural ecosystems. Algal blooms interfere with recreational and aesthetic water use. However, few studies have evaluated P losses from agricultural watersheds in the Mississippi Delta. To better understand the processes influencing P loss, rainfall, surface runoff, sediment, ortho-P (orthophosphate, PO4-P), and total P (TP) were measured (water years 1996-2000) for two subwatersheds (UL1 and UL2) of the Deep Hollow Lake Watershed and one subwatershed of the Beasley Lake Watershed (BL3) primarily in cotton production in the Mississippi Delta. Ortho-P concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 1.0 mg/L with a mean of 0.17 mg/L at UL1 (17.0 ha), 0.36 mg/L at UL2 (11.2 ha) and 0.12 mg/L at BL3 (7.2 ha). The TP concentrations ranged from 0.14 to 7.9 mg/L with a mean of 0.96 mg/L at UL1, 1.1 mg/L at UL2 and 1.29 mg/L at BL3. Among the three sites, UL1 and UL2 received P application in October 1998, and BL3 received P applications in the spring of 1998 and 1999. At UL1, ortho-P concentrations were 0.36, 0.25 and 0.16 for the first, second and third rainfall events after P application, respectively; At UL2, ortho-P concentrations were 1.0, 0.66 and 0.65 for the first, second and third rainfall events after P application, respectively; and at BL3, ortho-P concentrations were 0.11, 0.22 and 0.09 for the first, second and third rainfall events after P application, respectively. P fertilizer application did influence P losses, but high P concentrations observed in surface runoff were not always a direct result of P fertilizer application or high rainfall. Application of P in the fall (UL1 and UL2) resulted in more ortho-P losses, likely because high rainfall often occurred in the winter months soon after application. The mean ortho-P concentrations were higher at UL1 and UL2 than those at BL3, although BL3 received more P application during the monitoring period, because P was applied in spring at BL3. However, tillage associated with planting and incorporating applied P in the spring (BL3) may have resulted in more TP loss in sediment, thus the mean TP concentration was the highest at BL3. Ortho-P loss was correlated with surface runoff; and TP loss was correlated with sediment loss. These results indicate that applying P fertilizer in the spring may be recommended to reduce potential ortho-P loss during the fallow winter season; in addition, conservation practices may reduce potential TP loss associated with soil loss. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yuan, Yongping] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Locke, Martin A.; Bingner, Ronald L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS USA. [Rebich, Richard A.] USGS, Mississippi Water Sci Ctr, Jackson, MS USA. RP Yuan, YP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM yuan.yongping@epa.gov NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 46 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JAN 30 PY 2013 VL 115 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.10.028 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 098JW UT WOS:000315546600003 PM 23220653 ER PT J AU Grange, AH AF Grange, Andrew H. TI Semi-quantitative analysis of contaminants in soils by direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ION-SOURCE; OPEN-AIR; MS AB RATIONALE Cleaning up contaminated sites is a goal of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). A simple, high-throughput, inexpensive, selective, and specific screening method for semi-volatile, polar organic contaminants would provide high spatial resolution for monitoring remediation and for documenting successful clean ups in numerous Superfund, Brownfield, and other contaminated sites. METHODS An autosampler/Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART)/time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer, with or without a Vapur (R) evacuated flange, was used to analyze 0.0133% levels of aspirin, diphenylamine, and pentachlorophenol mixed with soil. Triplicate water-soaked swabs were manually rotated in wet analyte:soil mixtures, air dried for 23?h, and analyzed directly. To minimize carryover, insensitive and sensitive instrumental conditions were used to analyze high and low analyte levels, respectively. Simulated two-dimensional (2D) mapping and remediation threshold experiments were performed to test the utility of DART-TOFMS for possible sampling strategies. RESULTS Analyte levels differing by factors of 10 were discernible. Data were acquired for 30 swabs in 0.9?min and 3?min with helium stream temperatures of 150?degrees C and 250?degrees C and swab transport velocities of 1.45?cm/s and 0.5?cm/s, respectively. With the Vapur flange attached, the average relative standard deviations (RSDs) (n?=?3) were between 16% and 40% for different analytes and analyte levels. Carryover was greatly reduced by removing the Vapur flange, but higher RSDs and occasional plugging of the cone orifice were observed. CONCLUSIONS A rapid, simple, rugged, and relatively inexpensive, but selective and sufficiently sensitive, semi-quantitative screening method for semi-volatile, polar, organic compounds in soil was demonstrated. The technique would provide the high spatial resolution necessary to find localized areas of high contamination within contaminated sites that might pose a risk to human and ecological health. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Grange, AH (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Div Environm Sci, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM grange.andrew@epa.gov NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN 30 PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP 305 EP 318 DI 10.1002/rcm.6450 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 057BN UT WOS:000312536900003 PM 23239378 ER PT J AU Digar, A Cohan, DS Xiao, X Foley, KM Koo, B Yarwood, G AF Digar, Antara Cohan, Daniel S. Xiao, Xue Foley, Kristen M. Koo, Bonyoung Yarwood, Greg TI Constraining ozone-precursor responsiveness using ambient measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY MODELS; GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; DYNAMIC EVALUATION; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; EMISSIONS; PREDICTIONS; PARAMETERIZATION; METEOROLOGY AB This study develops probabilistic estimates of ozone (O-3) sensitivities to precursor emissions by incorporating uncertainties in photochemical modeling and evaluating model performance based on ground-level observations of O-3 and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Uncertainties in model formulations and input parameters are jointly considered to identify factors that strongly influence O-3 concentrations and sensitivities in the Dallas-Fort Worth region in Texas. Weightings based on a Bayesian inference technique and screenings based on model performance and statistical tests of significance are used to generate probabilistic representation of O-3 response to emissions and model input parameters. Adjusted (observation-constrained) results favor simulations using the sixth version of the carbon bond chemical mechanism (CB6) and scaled-up emissions of NOx, dampening the overall sensitivity of O-3 to NOx and increasing the sensitivity of O-3 to volatile organic compounds in the study region. This approach of using observations to adjust and constrain model simulations can provide probabilistic representations of pollutant responsiveness to emission controls that complement the results obtained from deterministic air-quality modeling. C1 [Digar, Antara; Cohan, Daniel S.; Xiao, Xue] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Foley, Kristen M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Durham, NC USA. [Koo, Bonyoung; Yarwood, Greg] ENVIRON Int Corp, Novato, CA USA. RP Cohan, DS (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 6100 Main St,MS-519, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM cohan@rice.edu RI Cohan, Daniel/E-6595-2010 OI Cohan, Daniel/0000-0003-0415-7980 FU State of Texas through the Air Quality Research Program; TCEQ; National Science Foundation [087386] FX The preparation of this manuscript is based on work supported by the State of Texas through the Air Quality Research Program administered by The University of Texas at Austin by means of a grant from the TCEQ and by National Science Foundation grant #087386. Although this article has been reviewed by the EPA and TCEQ and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect the policies or views of either agency. The baseline modeling for the study was provided by TCEQ. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 2 BP 1005 EP 1019 DI 10.1029/2012JD018100 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129KN UT WOS:000317838100055 ER PT J AU Vane, LM Alvarez, FR Rosenblum, L Govindaswamy, S AF Vane, Leland M. Alvarez, Franklin R. Rosenblum, Laura Govindaswamy, Shekar TI Efficient Ethanol Recovery from Yeast Fermentation Broth with Integrated Distillation-Membrane Process SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VAPOR PERMEATION PROCESS; WATER SEPARATION; ENERGY; DEHYDRATION; SYNGAS AB A hybrid process integrating vapor stripping with vapor compression and vapor permeation membrane separation, termed Membrane Assisted Vapor Stripping (MAVS), was evaluated for recovery and dehydration of ethanol from aqueous solution as an alternative to conventional distillation molecular sieve processes. Ethanol removal/drying performance of the MAVS system with binary ethanol water mixtures and a yeast fermentation broth were evaluated and the fate of secondary fermentation products in the system was assessed. Simple alcohols, esters, and organic acids displayed varying degrees of recovery in the vapor stripping based on the relative vapor liquid partitioning of the compounds. All volatilized organic compounds were concentrated to the same degree in the membrane step. Membrane permeance, permselectivity, and overall energy usage of the hybrid process were the same with the fermentation broth as with binary ethanol water solutions. The MAVS system required less than half the energy of a distillation molecular sieve system. C1 [Vane, Leland M.; Alvarez, Franklin R.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Rosenblum, Laura] Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Govindaswamy, Shekar] US EPA, Lakeshore Engn Serv Inc, Test & Evaluat Facil, Cincinnati, OH 45204 USA. RP Vane, LM (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Vane.Leland@EPA.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JAN 23 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1033 EP 1041 DI 10.1021/ie2024917 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 079AC UT WOS:000314141500006 ER PT J AU Clifton, MS Wargo, JP Weathers, WS Colon, M Bennett, DH Tulve, NS AF Clifton, Matthew S. Wargo, Joseph P. Weathers, Walter S. Colon, Maribel Bennett, Deborah H. Tulve, Nicolle S. TI Quantitative analysis of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides, pyrethroid transformation products, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and bisphenol A in residential surface wipe samples SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Multiresidue analysis by GC/MS; Insecticides and transformation products; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Bisphenol A; Residential surface wipe samples ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CARE-CENTERS; HUMAN URINE; PESTICIDE; EXPOSURE; METABOLITES; HOMES AB Surface wipe sampling is a frequently used technique for measuring persistent pollutants in residential environments. One characteristic of this form of sampling is the need to extract the entire wipe sample to achieve adequate sensitivity and to ensure representativeness. Most surface wipe methods require collection of multiple samples for related chemicals or chemical classes having similar physio-chemical properties. In an effort to analyze a broad suite of pollutants collected from a single surface wipe sample, we developed a new method for the analysis of selected organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides, pyrethroid transformation products (TPs), bisphenol A (BPA) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). This is the first time this suite of compounds has been analyzed from a single indoor wipe sample because of the issues uniquely related to these sample types, namely high levels of interfering compounds such as phthalate esters and other residues found in the indoor environment. This new method uses extraction via sonication followed by solvent exchange into hexane, clean-up and liquid/liquid extraction. The extract portion containing insecticides and PBDEs is further purified using solid phase extraction prior to concentration and analysis. The portion containing BPA and TPs is solvent exchanged into ethyl acetate before concentration and derivatization with 99:1 trimethylsilyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-(trimethylsilyl)acetimidate:chlorotrimethylsilane. Wipe extract sub-classes were then analyzed by GC/MS in electron impact mode for insecticides, BPA and TPs while negative chemical ionization mode was employed for PBDEs. Method detection limits were <16.4 pg/cm(2) for all compounds with most being <5 pg/cm(2). Over 400 samples, including QA/QC samples, were analyzed with mean surrogate recoveries ranging from 76 to 95%. The most frequently detected chemicals from our suite were chlorpyrifos, permethrin, bisphenol A, BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-100. Permethrin (107 pg/cm(2) on floors and 18 pg/cm(2) on windows) and bisphenol A (110 pg/cm(2) on floors and 6.8 pg/cm(2) on windows) had the highest concentrations measured in the wipe samples. Results from the method evaluation and routine sample analysis are presented. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Clifton, Matthew S.; Weathers, Walter S.; Colon, Maribel; Tulve, Nicolle S.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wargo, Joseph P.] NCBA Inc, Senior Environm Employee Program, Durham, NC USA. [Bennett, Deborah H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Clifton, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM clifton.matthew@epa.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 97 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 18 PY 2013 VL 1273 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.11.003 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 080QK UT WOS:000314258100001 PM 23265991 ER PT J AU Fang, GD Dionysiou, DD Al-Abed, SR Zhou, DM AF Fang, Guo-Dong Dionysiou, Dionysios D. Al-Abed, Souhail R. Zhou, Dong-Mei TI Superoxide radical driving the activation of persulfate by magnetite nanoparticles: Implications for the degradation of PCBs SO APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL LA English DT Article DE MNPs; Superoxide radical; Activation; PS; Sulfate radical; PCB28 ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; PH-DEPENDENCE; OXIDATION; REDUCTION; FE(II); REACTIVITY; WATER; PEROXYMONOSULFATE AB Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) are ubiquitous components of the subsurface environment, and increasing attention has been paid to MNPs due to their highly reductive and heterogeneous catalysis reactivity for the degradation of organic contaminants. However, most previous research studies neglected the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by MNPs, which plays an important role in the transformation of contaminants. In this paper, we investigated the activation of persulfate (PS) by MNPs for the degradation of 2,4,4'-CB (PCB28), a selected model compound, and the underlying mechanism was elucidated. The results indicated that the PS can be activated by MNPs efficiently for the degradation of PCB28 at neutral pH. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique was used to detect and identify the radical species in these processes. The mechanism of the activation of PS by MNPs was that superoxide radical anion (Of) generated by MNPs could activate the PS to produce more sulfate radicals (SO4 center dot-), which favored the degradation of PCB28. The conclusion was further confirmed by quenching studies with the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The effects of Fe(II) and pH on the degradation of PCB28 by PS/MNPs as well as the generation of ROS by MNPs were also studied. Both sorbed Fe(11) on MNPs surface and increased pH led to production of more Of -, which activated the PS to give more SO4 center dot- to degrade PCB28. In addition, increasing the oxygen concentration in the reaction solution favored the generation of O-2(center dot-) as well as the degradation of PCB28. The findings of this study provide new insights into the mechanism of heterogeneous catalysis based on MNPs and the reactivity of MNPs toward environmental contaminants. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fang, Guo-Dong; Zhou, Dong-Mei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Key Lab Soil Environm & Pollut Remediat, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Fang, Guo-Dong] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, DM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Key Lab Soil Environm & Pollut Remediat, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. EM dmzhou@issas.ac.cn RI Fang, Guodong/E-4809-2013 FU National Basic Research and Development Program Foundation [2013CB934300]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41125007] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Basic Research and Development Program Foundation number (2013CB934300) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (41125007). NR 46 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 24 U2 267 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-3373 J9 APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON JI Appl. Catal. B-Environ. PD JAN 17 PY 2013 VL 129 BP 325 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.09.042 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 059FJ UT WOS:000312689500037 ER PT J AU Katz, DR Cantwell, MG Sullivan, JC Perron, MM Burgess, RM Ho, KT Charpentier, MA AF Katz, David R. Cantwell, Mark G. Sullivan, Julia C. Perron, Monique M. Burgess, Robert M. Ho, Kay T. Charpentier, Michael A. TI Factors regulating the accumulation and spatial distribution of the emerging contaminant triclosan in the sediments of an urbanized estuary: Greenwich Bay, Rhode Island, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Triclosan; Waste water treatment; Emerging contaminants; Exposure ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; NARRAGANSETT BAY; CARE PRODUCTS; FRESH-WATER; TRICLOCARBAN; TOXICITY; REMOVAL; SOIL AB Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial compound being increasingly used in personal care products (PCPs) over the last 40 years, and as a result is present in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. Widespread domestic use has resulted in environmental discharge of TCS, whose ecological consequences, especially in the marine environment, are poorly understood. Continuous discharge of wastewater effluent has resulted in the accumulation of PCPs such as TCS in coastal and estuarine sediments. The present study investigated whether WWTP effluent is the primary source of TCS within a small urbanized estuarine embayment that is supplied by a single domestic WWTP. Greenwich Bay, located within Narragansett Bay (RI, USA) contained dissolved water column TCS ranging between 0.5 and 7.4 ng L-1, and surficial sediment concentrations ranging between <1 and 32 ng g(-1). Despite predictions, spatial distributions of TCS were not related to proximity to the WWTP outfall. Further, a Greenwich Bay-wide sediment TCS budget, estimated by spatial interpolation, suggested that annual accumulation rates exceeded the calculated annual discharge of TCS from the local WWTP. Contributors of TCS to Greenwich Bay include advection from upper Narragansett Bay, which receives effluent from several large WWTPs and contains TCS-contaminated sediments from past manufacturing activities. This study provides evidence that WWTP effluent is an important source of TCS. It also demonstrates that WWTP systems are important controls to mitigate environmental discharge of TCS and that TCS is sufficiently persistent in the environment. As a result, distant as well as local WWTP sources should be accounted for when considering management actions to limit environmental TCS exposure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Katz, David R.; Cantwell, Mark G.; Sullivan, Julia C.; Burgess, Robert M.; Ho, Kay T.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, AED, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Perron, Monique M.] Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Charpentier, Michael A.] Raytheon Co, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Katz, DR (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, AED, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM katz.david@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Atlantic Ecology Division of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health Effects Environmental Research Laboratory [AED-12-036] FX The authors thank Drs. Diane Nacci, Betty Kreakie and James Lake for their technical reviews and Mr. Donald Cobb for his assistance in collecting sediment samples. Additionally, Mike Pacillo of the East Greenwich WWTP, John Motta of the Narragansett Bay Commission's Fields Point WWTP, and Janine Burke of the Warwick Sewer Authority deserve thanks for supporting this work with their local knowledge. Although research described in this article has been wholly funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and has been technically reviewed at the Atlantic Ecology Division, it has not been subjected to Agency-level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. This manuscript is contribution number AED-12-036 of the Atlantic Ecology Division of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health Effects Environmental Research Laboratory. Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 443 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.052 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 098OZ UT WOS:000315559900013 PM 23183224 ER PT J AU Daughton, CG Ruhoy, IS AF Daughton, Christian G. Ruhoy, Ilene Sue TI Lower-dose prescribing: Minimizing "side effects" of pharmaceuticals on society and the environment SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API); Reduced dose; Sustainable prescribing; Prudent prescribing; Off-label prescribing; Environmental impact ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; WATER TREATMENT PLANTS; MUNICIPAL WASTE-WATER; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; PHYSICIANS DESK REFERENCE; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MULTI-RESIDUE ANALYSIS; US HEALTH-CARE; LABEL DRUG-USE AB The prescribed use of pharmaceuticals can result in unintended, unwelcomed, and potentially adverse consequences for the environment and for those not initially targeted for treatment. Medication usage frequently results in the collateral introduction to the environment (via excretion and bathing) of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), bioactive metabolites, and reversible conjugates. Imprudent prescribing and non-compliant patient behavior drive the accumulation of unused medications, which pose major public health risks from diversion as well as risks for the environment from unsound disposal, such as flushing to sewers. The prescriber has the unique wherewithal to reduce each of these risks by modifying various aspects of the practice of prescribing. By incorporating consideration of the potential for adverse environmental impacts into the practice of prescribing, patient care also could possibly be improved and public health better protected. Although excretion of an API is governed by its characteristic pharmacokinetics, this variable can be somewhat controlled by the prescriber in selecting APIs possessing environment-friendly excretion profiles and in selecting the lowest effective dose. This paper presents the first critical examination of the multi-faceted role of drug dose in reducing the ambient levels of APIs in the environment and in reducing the incidence of drug wastage, which ultimately necessitates disposal of leftovers. Historically, drug dose has been actively excluded from consideration in risk mitigation strategies for reducing ambient API levels in the environment. Personalized adjustment of drug dose also holds the potential for enhancing therapeutic outcomes while simultaneously reducing the incidence of adverse drug events and in lowering patient healthcare costs. Optimizing drug dose is a major factor in improving the sustainability of health care. The prescriber needs to be cognizant that the "patient" encompasses the environment and other "bystanders," and that prescribed treatments can have unanticipated, collateral impacts that reach far beyond the healthcare setting. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Daughton, Christian G.] US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Ruhoy, Ilene Sue] Univ Washington, Seattle Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Daughton, CG (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 944 East Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM daughton.christian@epa.gov; iruhoy@u.washington.edu OI Daughton, Christian/0000-0002-0302-7730 FU ORD's Pathfinder Innovation Program FX U.S. EPA notice: The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This work was supported by ORD's Pathfinder Innovation Program, which was launched in October, 2010. The assistance of MST Scuderi (SEEP, U.S. EPA, Las Vegas) in maintenance of the EndNote bibliographic database is greatly appreciated. NR 131 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 443 BP 324 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.092 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 098OZ UT WOS:000315559900034 PM 23201698 ER PT J AU Calfee, MW Wendling, M AF Calfee, M. Worth Wendling, Morgan TI Inactivation of vegetative bacterial threat agents on environmental surfaces SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Decontamination; Inactivation; Biological agent; Surface contamination ID QUANTITATIVE 3-STEP METHOD; LIQUID SPORICIDES; NONPOROUS SURFACE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; DISINFECTANTS; EFFICACY; SPORES; BIOTERRORISM; PERSISTENCE; ANTHRAX AB Following a wide-area biological terror attack, numerous decontamination technologies, techniques, and strategies will be required for rapid remediation. Establishing an understanding of how disinfectants will perform under field conditions is of critical importance. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of several liquid decontaminants, when used to inactivate vegetative biological agents on environmental surfaces. Aluminum, carpet, concrete, glass, and wood coupons were inoculated with 1 x 10(8) CFU of Burkholderia mallei, Francisella tularensis, Vibrio cholerae, or Yersinia pestis. Using spray-based application methods, decontamination was then attempted with pH-adjusted bleach, 1% citric acid, 70% ethanol, quaternary ammonia, or Pine-Sol. Results indicated that decontamination efficacy varied significantly by decontaminant and organism. Materials such as wood are difficult to decontaminate, even when using sporicides. The data presented here will help responders develop efficacious remediation strategies following a large-scale contamination incident. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Calfee, M. Worth] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wendling, Morgan] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Calfee, MW (reprint author), US EPA, MD E343-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM calfee.worth@epa.gov; wendlingm@battelle.org FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-C-10-001]; Battelle Memorial Institute FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and directed the research described herein under EP-C-10-001 with Battelle Memorial Institute. It has been subject to an administrative review but does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. No official endorsement should be inferred. EPA does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 443 BP 387 EP 396 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.002 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 098OZ UT WOS:000315559900040 PM 23208274 ER PT J AU Venosa, AD Holder, EL AF Venosa, Albert D. Holder, Edith L. TI Determining the dispersibility of South Louisiana crude oil by eight oil dispersant products listed on the NCP Product Schedule SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Oil spill; Dispersant; Dispersion effectiveness; Baffled Flask Test; Deepwater Horizon ID EFFECTIVENESS PROTOCOL; DISSIPATION; ENERGY AB We recently conducted a laboratory study to measure the dispersion effectiveness of eight dispersants currently listed on the National Contingency Plan Product Schedule. Results are useful in determining how many commercial dispersant products would have been effective for use on South Louisiana crude oil in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The test used was a modification of the Baffled Flask Test (BFT), which is being proposed to replace the current Swirling Flask Test (SFT). The modifications of the BFT in this study included use of one oil rather than two, increasing replication from 4 runs to 6, and testing at two temperatures, 5 degrees C and 25 degrees C. Results indicated that temperature was not as critical a variable as the literature suggested, likely because of the low viscosity and light weight of the SLC. Of the eight dispersants tested, only three gave satisfactory results in the laboratory flasks at both temperatures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Venosa, Albert D.] US EPA, ORD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Holder, Edith L.] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. RP Venosa, AD (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM venosa.albert@epa.gov; holder.edith@epa.gov FU EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory [EP-C-11-006]; Pegasus Technical Services, Inc. FX This project was funded by EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory under Contract No. EP-C-11-006 with Pegasus Technical Services, Inc. We acknowledge the able laboratory assistance of Mr. John Myers, Pegasus Technical Services, Inc. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.009 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 098IT UT WOS:000315543500021 PM 23211999 ER PT J AU Tietge, JE Degitz, SJ Haselman, JT Butterworth, BC Korte, JJ Kosian, PA Lindberg-Livingston, AJ Burgess, EM Blackshear, PE Hornung, MW AF Tietge, Joseph E. Degitz, Sigmund J. Haselman, Jonathan T. Butterworth, Brian C. Korte, Joseph J. Kosian, Patricia A. Lindberg-Livingston, Annelie J. Burgess, Emily M. Blackshear, Pamela E. Hornung, Michael W. TI Inhibition of the thyroid hormone pathway in Xenopus laevis by 2-mercaptobenzothiazole SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xenopus laevis; 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole; Sodium iodide symporter; Thyroid stimulating hormone; Thyroid peroxidase ID IN-VIVO; GLAND; PEROXIDASE; METAMORPHOSIS; PERCHLORATE; DISRUPTORS; CHEMICALS; ASSAY; MODEL AB Determining the effects of chemicals on the thyroid system is an important aspect of evaluating chemical safety from an endocrine disrupter perspective. Since there are numerous chemicals to test and limited resources, prioritizing chemicals for subsequent in vivo testing is critical. 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), a high production volume chemical, was tested and shown to inhibit thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme activity in vitro, a key enzyme necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormone. To determine the thyroid disrupting activity of MBT in vivo, Xenopus laevis larvae were exposed using 7- and 21-day protocols. The 7-day protocol used 18-357 mu g/L MBT concentrations and evaluated: metamorphic development, thyroid histology, circulating T4, circulating thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroidal sodium-iodide symporter gene expression, and thyroidal T4, T3, and related iodo-amino acids. The 21-day protocol used 23-435 mu g/L MBT concentrations and evaluated metamorphic development and thyroid histology. Both protocols demonstrated that MBT is a thyroid disrupting chemical at the lowest concentrations tested. These studies complement the in vitro study used to identify MBT as a high priority for in vivo testing, supporting the utility/predictive potential of a tiered approach to testing chemicals for TPO activity inhibition. The 7-day study, with more comprehensive, sensitive, and diagnostic endpoints, provides information at intermediate biological levels that enables linking various endpoints in a robust and integrated pathway for thyroid hormone disruption associated with TPO inhibition. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tietge, Joseph E.; Degitz, Sigmund J.; Haselman, Jonathan T.; Butterworth, Brian C.; Korte, Joseph J.; Kosian, Patricia A.; Lindberg-Livingston, Annelie J.; Hornung, Michael W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Burgess, Emily M.] Student Contractor Serv, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Blackshear, Pamela E.] Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Tietge, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM tietge.joe@epa.gov; degitz.sigmund@epa.gov; haselman.jon@epa.gov; butterworth.brian@epa.gov; korte.joe@epa.gov; kosian.pat@epa.gov; lind1020@d.umn.edu; emsburgess@gmail.com; pblackshear@ils-inc.com; hornung.michael@epa.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 126 BP 128 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.10.013 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 092MB UT WOS:000315125600013 PM 23178179 ER PT J AU Shin, HM McKone, TE Tulve, NS Clifton, MS Bennett, DH AF Shin, Hyeong-Moo McKone, Thomas E. Tulve, Nicolle S. Clifton, Matthew S. Bennett, Deborah H. TI Indoor Residence Times of Semivolatile Organic Compounds: Model Estimation and Field Evaluation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE MATTER PANEL; IN-HOUSE DUST; PARTICLE SOURCES; PENETRATION COEFFICIENT; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PERSONAL EXPOSURE; DEPOSITION; AIR; RESUSPENSION; CALIFORNIA AB Indoor residence times of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are a major and mostly unavailable input for residential exposure assessment. We calculated residence times for a suite of SVOCs using a fugacity model applied to residential environments. Residence times depend on both the mass distribution of the compound between the "mobile phase" (air and dust particles settled on the carpet) and the "non-mobile phase" (carpet fibers and pad) and the removal rates resulting from air exchange and cleaning. We estimated dust removal rates from cleaning processes using an indoor-particle mass-balance model. Chemical properties determine both the mass distribution and relative importance of the two removal pathways, resulting in different residence times among compounds. We conducted a field study after chlorpyrifos was phased out for indoor use in the United States in 2001 to determine the decreases in chlorpyrifos air concentrations over a one-year period. A measured average decrease of 18% in chlorpyrifos air concentrations indicates the residence time of chlorpyrifos is expected to be 6.9 years and compares well with model predictions. The estimates from this study provide the opportunity to make more reliable estimates of SVOCs exposure in the indoor residential environment. C1 [Shin, Hyeong-Moo; Bennett, Deborah H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McKone, Thomas E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tulve, Nicolle S.; Clifton, Matthew S.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Shin, HM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, 1 Shields Ave,MS1-C, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hmshin@ucdavis.edu FU American Chemistry Council [3-DBACC01]; United States Environmental Protection Agency [RD-83154001-0] FX The modeling was funded by the American Chemistry Council (Grant 3-DBACC01). Collection of air samples was supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (PI: Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Grant RD-83154001-0). Sample analysis was conducted by the U.S. EPA. This paper has been subjected to Agency administrative review and approved for publication. We thank the ES&T reviewers for their insightful comments. NR 57 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 2 BP 859 EP 867 DI 10.1021/es303316d PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 072JO UT WOS:000313667400026 PM 23244175 ER PT J AU Ralston-Hooper, KJ Turner, ME Soderblom, EJ Villeneuve, D Ankley, GT Moseley, MA Hoke, RA Ferguson, PL AF Ralston-Hooper, K. J. Turner, M. E. Soderblom, E. J. Villeneuve, D. Ankley, G. T. Moseley, M. A. Hoke, R. A. Ferguson, P. L. TI Application of a Label-free, Gel-free Quantitative Proteomics Method for Ecotoxicological Studies of Small Fish Species SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AROMATASE INHIBITOR FADROZOLE; PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; DATA-INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS; ALTERED GENE-EXPRESSION; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; SEX STEROID-SECRETION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY; COHO SALMON AB Although two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-GE) remains the basis for many ecotoxicoproteomic analyses, newer non-gel-based methods are beginning to be applied to overcome throughput and coverage limitations of 2D-GE. The overall objective of our research was to apply a comprehensive, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomic approach to identify and quantify differentially expressed hepatic proteins from female fathead minnows exposed to fadrozole, a potent inhibitor of estrogen synthesis. Female fathead minnows were exposed to 0 (control), 0.04, and 1.0 mu g of fadrozole/L of water for 4 days, and proteomic analysis was performed. Proteins were extracted and digested, and proteolytic peptides were separated via high-resolution one- or two-dimensional (I-D or 2-D) ultrapressure liquid chromatography (UPLC) and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Mass spectra were searched against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) database, resulting in identification of 782 unique proteins by single-dimension UPLC. When multidimensional LC analysis (2-D) was performed, an average increase of 1.9x in the number of identified proteins was observed. Differentially expressed proteins in fadrozole exposures were consistent with changes in liver function, including a decline in concentrations of vitellogenin as well as other proteins associated with endocrine function and cholesterol synthesis. Overall, these results demonstrate that a gel-free, label-free proteomic analysis method can successfully be utilized to determine differentially expressed proteins in small fish species after toxicant exposure. C1 [Ralston-Hooper, K. J.; Ferguson, P. L.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Ferguson, P. L.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Ralston-Hooper, K. J.; Hoke, R. A.] Dupont Haskell Global Ctr, Newark, DC USA. [Turner, M. E.; Soderblom, E. J.; Moseley, M. A.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Prote Core Facil, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Villeneuve, D.; Ankley, G. T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. RP Ferguson, PL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 121 Hudson Hall,Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RI Ferguson, Lee/A-5501-2013 NR 70 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 2 BP 1091 EP 1100 DI 10.1021/es303170u PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 072JO UT WOS:000313667400053 PM 23181269 ER PT J AU Riederer, AM Belova, A George, BJ Anastas, PT AF Riederer, Anne M. Belova, Anna George, Barbara J. Anastas, Paul T. TI Urinary Cadmium in the 1999-2008 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BODY IRON STORES; BREAST-CANCER RISK; DIETARY-CADMIUM; ENVIRONMENTAL CADMIUM; EXPOSURE; WOMEN; POPULATION; BLOOD; ASSOCIATION; SMOKING AB Chronic low-level cadmium (Cd) exposure is linked to kidney and cardiovascular disease, fractures, and cancer. Diet and smoking are primary sources of exposure in the general population. We analyzed urinary Cd in NHANES 1999-2008 to determine whether levels declined significantly over the decade for U.S. children, teens, and adults (nonsmokers and smokers) and, if so, factors influencing the decline(s). For each subpopulation, we modeled log urinary Cd using variable-threshold censored multiple regression. Models included individual-level covariates (age, gender, BMI, income, race/ethnicity/country of origin, education, survey period), smoking, housing (home age, water source, filter use), and diet (supplement use; 24-h calorie, fat, protein, micronutrient, and Cd-containing food intakes), creatinine, and survey year variables. Geometric mean urinary Cd (ng/mL) declined 20-25% in these subpopulations, and the regressions showed statistically significant declines in later years for teens and adults. While certain covariates were significantly associated with Cd by subpopulation (creatinine; age; BMI; race/ethnicity/origin; education; smokers in the home; serum cotinine; 24-h fat, Mg, Fe intakes; use of dietary supplements), they did not help explain the declines. Instead, unidentified time-related factors appeared responsible. Despite the declines, millions of Americans remain potentially at risk of adverse outcomes associated with low-level Cd exposure. C1 [Riederer, Anne M.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Belova, Anna] Abt Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [George, Barbara J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Anastas, Paul T.] Yale Univ, Ctr Green Chem & Green Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Riederer, AM (reprint author), 13604 Cherrydale Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM arieder@emory.edu RI Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013 OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172 FU EPA's Office of Research and Development [X3-83459201]; American Association for the Advancement of Science; Abt Associates Inc. FX EPA's Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in this research under Cooperative Agreement X3-83459201 with the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Abt Associates Inc. supported this work through internal technical dissemination funds. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of EPA. Mention of trade names/products does not constitute endorsement/recommendation. We thank Rita Schoeny, Leonid Kopylev, Krista Christensen, Kent Thomas, Paul Mosquin, Gordon Brown, Tim Wade, and Quanlin Li. NR 53 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 2 BP 1137 EP 1147 DI 10.1021/es303556n PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 072JO UT WOS:000313667400058 PM 23253114 ER PT J AU Hassan, AA Li, Z Sahle-Demessie, E Sorial, GA AF Hassan, Ashraf Aly Li, Zhen Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew Sorial, George A. TI Computational fluid dynamics simulation of transport and retention of nanoparticle in saturated sand filters SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Computational fluid dynamics (CFD); Nanoparticles; Flow through porous media; Modeling transport and deposition ID POROUS-MEDIA; WATER; DEPOSITION; FULLERENE AB Experimental and computational investigation of the transport parameters of nanoparticles (NPs) flowing through porous media has been made. This work intends to develop a simulation applicable to the transport and retention of NPs in saturated porous media for investigating the effect of process conditions and operating parameters such, as ion strength, and filtration efficiency. Experimental data obtained from tracer and nano-ceria, CeO2, breakthrough studies were used to characterize dispersion of nanoparticle with the flow and their interaction with sand packed columns with different heights. Nanoparticle transport and concentration dynamics were solved using the Eulerian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver ANSYS/FLUENT (R) based on a scaled down flow model. A numerical study using the Navier-Stokes equation with second order interaction terms was used to simulate the process. Parameters were estimated by fitting tracer, experimental NP transport data, and interaction of NP with the sand media. The model considers different concentrations of steady state inflow of NPs and different amounts of spike concentrations. Results suggest that steady state flow of dispersant-coated NPs would not be retained by a sand filter, while spike concentrations could be dampened effectively. Unlike analytical solutions, the CFD allows estimating flow profiles for structures with complex irregular geometry and uneven packing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hassan, Ashraf Aly; Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Li, Zhen; Sorial, George A.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn Program, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sahle-demessie.endalkachew@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA Postdoctoral Program at the ORD/National Risk Management Research Laboratory; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [PR-C108-1170] FX This research was partially supported by an appointment of ALH to the U.S. EPA Postdoctoral Program at the ORD/National Risk Management Research Laboratory, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with U.S. EPA. Financial support provided from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under contract No. PR-C108-1170. We are grateful for the continuous helpful assistance from Ansys Inc. technical support; Hossam Metwallying and John Ibrahim. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 244 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.021 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090ST UT WOS:000315001000029 PM 23270949 ER PT J AU Machavaram, MV Beaulieu, JJ Mills, MA AF Machavaram, Madhav V. Beaulieu, Jake J. Mills, Marc A. TI Direct gas injection method: A simple modification to an elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometer for stable isotope analysis of N and C from N2O and CO2 gases in nanomolar concentrations SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE; FRESH-WATER; NITRATE; SEAWATER AB RATIONALE Stable isotope analyses of trace amounts of nitrous oxide gas require special instrumentation and laborious sample preparation methods that have hindered many laboratories from measuring this potent greenhouse gas. A simple modification to an Elemental Analyzer (EA) coupled to an Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) setup that allows users to measure the N and C isotopic ratios of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) by injecting the gases directly into the EA is described. METHODS The standard EA was fitted with a gas injection port and a home-made packed column filled with Hayesep Q polymer. A gas mixture of 3.1% N2O in helium (He) was injected directly into the EA. This method allowed large volumes of sample to be injected without saturating the column. RESULTS The use of the home-made column resulted in better resolution of sample peaks and allowed smaller concentrations of the analyte to be injected. This study showed that this method produced accurate and reproducible stable isotope measurements with sample injection volumes ranging from 100 to 5000 mu L, containing between 20 and 1000?nmol of analyte. CONCLUSIONS This simple, inexpensive method can be useful for the laboratories that do not have access to more advanced and expensive interfaces to analyze nanomolar quantities of N2O and CO2 from microbiological and ecological studies and offers a simple alternative for in-house measurements of these trace gases. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Machavaram, Madhav V.] US EPA, Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Beaulieu, Jake J.; Mills, Marc A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Machavaram, MV (reprint author), US EPA, Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, ML 421,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM machavaram.madhav@epa.gov RI Mills, Marc/C-3449-2017 OI Mills, Marc/0000-0002-0169-3086 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Through Office of Research and Development [EP-C-05-057]; EPA FX We thank Amanda Kelty for her help in preparing the experiments. The method development is hugely benefited from discussions with Bruno Lavettre of Costech Analytical Services. The work reported in this document was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under Task Order (TO) 58 of Contract No. EP-C-05-057 Through its Office of Research and Development, EPA funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. This document has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative reviews and has been approved for publication. Any opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency; therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1002/rcm.6426 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 057BL UT WOS:000312536700009 PM 23239321 ER PT J AU Vance, L Cabezas, H Heckl, I Bertok, B Friedert, F AF Vance, Leisha Cabezas, Heriberto Heckl, Istvan Bertok, Botond Friedert, Ferenc TI Synthesis of Sustainable Energy Supply Chain by the P-graph Framework SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IN-PROCESS SYNTHESIS; DESIGN; OPTIMIZATION; INTEGRATION; PRODUCTS AB The present work proposes a computer-aided methodology for designing sustainable supply chains in terms of sustainability metrics by utilizing the P-graph framework. The methodology is an outcome of the collaboration between the Office of Research and Development (ORD) of the U.S. EPA and the research group led by the creators of the P-graph framework at the University of Pannonia. The integration of supply chain design and sustainability is the main focus of this collaboration. The P-graph framework provides a mathematically rigorous procedure for synthesizing optimal and alternative suboptimal networks subject to multiple objectives and constraints, which include profitability and sustainability in the proposed methodology. Specifically, to evaluate the sustainability of a given process under construction including its supply chain, sustainability metrics are incorporated into the design procedure. The proposed methodology is demonstrated with the optimal design of a supply chain for providing heat and electric power to an agricultural region with relatively limited land area where agricultural wastes can potentially be recovered as renewable resources. The objective functions for optimization comprise the profit and the ecological footprint. The results of the study indicate that, compared to using electricity from the grid and/or natural gas, using renewable energy resources can yield substantial cost reductions of up to 596, as well as significant ecological footprint reductions of up to 77%. It may, therefore, be possible to design more sustainable supply chains that are both cost-effective and less environmentally damaging. C1 [Vance, Leisha; Cabezas, Heriberto] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Heckl, Istvan; Bertok, Botond; Friedert, Ferenc] Univ Pannonia, Dept Comp Sci & Syst Technol, Veszprem, Hungary. RP Cabezas, H (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Cabezas.Heriberto@epa.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JAN 9 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 1 BP 266 EP 274 DI 10.1021/ie3013264 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 094ZJ UT WOS:000315303900027 ER PT J AU Stein, ED White, BP Mazor, RD Miller, PE Pilgrim, EM AF Stein, Eric D. White, Bryan P. Mazor, Raphael D. Miller, Peter E. Pilgrim, Erik M. TI Evaluating Ethanol-based Sample Preservation to Facilitate Use of DNA Barcoding in Routine Freshwater Biomonitoring Programs Using Benthic Macroinvertebrates SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LIFE; FORMALIN; QUALITY; PLANT AB Molecular methods, such as DNA barcoding, have the potential to enhance biomonitoring programs worldwide. Altering routinely used sample preservation methods to protect DNA from degradation may pose a potential impediment to application of DNA barcoding and metagenomics for biomonitoring using benthic macroinvertebrates. Using higher volumes or concentrations of ethanol, requirements for shorter holding times, or the need to include additional filtering may increase cost and logistical constraints to existing biomonitoring programs. To address this issue we evaluated the efficacy of various ethanol-based sample preservation methods at maintaining DNA integrity. We evaluated a series of methods that were minimally modified from typical field protocols in order to identify an approach that can be readily incorporated into existing monitoring programs. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected from a minimally disturbed stream in southern California, USA and subjected to one of six preservation treatments. Ten individuals from five taxa were selected from each treatment and processed to produce DNA barcodes from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). On average, we obtained successful COI sequences (i.e. either full or partial barcodes) for between 93-99% of all specimens across all six treatments. As long as samples were initially preserved in 95% ethanol, successful sequencing of COI barcodes was not affected by a low dilution ratio of 2: 1, transfer to 70% ethanol, presence of abundant organic matter, or holding times of up to six months. Barcoding success varied by taxa, with Leptohyphidae (Ephemeroptera) producing the lowest barcode success rate, most likely due to poor PCR primer efficiency. Differential barcoding success rates have the potential to introduce spurious results. However, routine preservation methods can largely be used without adverse effects on DNA integrity. C1 [Stein, Eric D.; White, Bryan P.; Mazor, Raphael D.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [Miller, Peter E.] Univ Guelph, Canadian Ctr DNA Barcoding, Biodivers Inst Ontario, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Pilgrim, Erik M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Stein, ED (reprint author), So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. EM erics@sccwrp.org RI Stein, Eric/A-9362-2008; OI Stein, Eric/0000-0002-4729-809X; White, Bryan/0000-0003-4191-3511 FU Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, general research budget FX The work was supported by internal agency funding from the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project as part of the general research budget. Molecular analysis was conducted by the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 67 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 4 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 AR e51273 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0051273 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 072KP UT WOS:000313670100003 PM 23308097 ER PT B AU Troell, J Weinthal, E AF Troell, Jessica Weinthal, Erika BE Weinthal, E Troell, J Nakayama, M TI Harnessing water management for more effective peacebuilding: Lessons learned SO WATER AND POST-CONFLICT PEACEBUILDING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COOPERATION; HEALTH C1 [Troell, Jessica] Environm Law Inst, Int Water Program, Washington, DC USA. [Troell, Jessica] Univ Witwatersrand, Mandela Inst, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Troell, Jessica] US EPA, Int Environm Law Off, Denver, CO USA. [Weinthal, Erika] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Weinthal, Erika] Duke Human Rights Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Troell, J (reprint author), Environm Law Inst, Int Water Program, Washington, DC USA. NR 161 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84971-232-3; 978-1-84977-580-9 PY 2013 BP 405 EP 469 PG 65 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations; Planning & Development SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations; Public Administration GA BB5TI UT WOS:000344088700026 ER PT S AU Tonn, B Diallo, M Savage, N Scott, N Alvarez, P MacDonald, A Feldman, D Liarakos, C Hochella, M AF Tonn, Bruce Diallo, Mamadou Savage, Nora Scott, Norman Alvarez, Pedro MacDonald, Alexander Feldman, David Liarakos, Chuck Hochella, Michael BE Roco, MC Bainbridge, WS Tonn, B Whitesides, G TI Convergence Platforms: Earth-Scale Systems SO CONVERGENCE OF KNOWLEDGE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: BEYOND CONVERGENCE OF NANO-BIO-INFO-COGNITIVE TECHNOLOGIES SE Science Policy Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTHEAST BRAZIL; CLIMATE; INFORMATION; SCIENCE; POLICY; RISK; MANAGEMENT; BENEFITS; POLITICS; TARGETS C1 [Tonn, Bruce] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Diallo, Mamadou] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Diallo, Mamadou] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Savage, Nora] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Scott, Norman] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Alvarez, Pedro] Rice Univ, Houston, TX USA. [MacDonald, Alexander] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Feldman, David] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Liarakos, Chuck] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Hochella, Michael] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Tonn, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2213-1965 BN 978-3-319-02204-8; 978-3-319-02203-1 J9 SCI POL REP PY 2013 BP 95 EP 137 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-02204-8_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-02204-8 PG 43 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BA6EE UT WOS:000337112300005 ER PT S AU Smith, MJ McLoughlin, CE White, KL Germolec, DR AF Smith, Matthew J. McLoughlin, Colleen E. White, Kimber L., Jr. Germolec, Dori R. BE Dobrovolskaia, MA McNeil, SE TI Evaluating the Adverse Effects of Nanomaterials on the Immune System with Animal Models SO HANDBOOK OF IMMUNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS SE Frontiers in Nanobiomedical Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY; LYMPH-NODE ASSAY; IN-VIVO; PULMONARY TOXICITY; COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; FULLERENE TOXICITY; IMMUNOTOXICOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS; PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AB The last decade has seen an explosion in the use of nanomaterials (NMs). From their increasing use in improving and developing new technologies for industrial purposes, to their potential in medical applications, these materials offer exciting promise to a variety of research fields due in large part to their novel properties, including small size, increased specific surface area, physicochemical properties (such as morphology, surface charge, and chemical makeup), and surface modifications. There is much concern, however, that NM interactions with biological systems can lead to harmful or toxic effects as a result of these novel properties. In particular, the small size of NMs makes them a target for uptake by phagocytic cells of the immune system and subsequent biodistribution into lymphoid tissues such as the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. Current in vitro screening techniques typically do not correlate well with observed in vivo toxicity. Therefore, evaluating the immunotoxic effects of NMs in vivo is increasingly important, as the use of these materials for industrial, research, and medical applications continues to increase. This chapter aims to discuss how the adverse effects of NMs on the immune system can be evaluated in light of their unique characteristics, to consider various in vivo models by which NM-mediated immune effects can be detected, and to review the immune effects of three different types of NMs with differing primary routes of human exposure. C1 [Smith, Matthew J.; McLoughlin, Colleen E.; White, Kimber L., Jr.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Immunotoxicol Grp, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Germolec, Dori R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Natl Toxicol Program, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA. RP Smith, MJ (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Immunotoxicol Grp, POB 980613, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM msmith@immunotox.com NR 115 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 2251-3965 BN 978-981-4390-26-2; 978-981-4390-25-5 J9 FRONT NANOBIOMED RES PY 2013 VL 1 BP 639 EP 670 D2 10.1142/8390 PG 32 WC Immunology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Materials Science GA BB1SW UT WOS:000341327400021 ER PT S AU Luque, R Varma, RS AF Luque, Rafael Varma, Rajender S. BE Luque, R Varma, RS TI Sustainable Preparation of Metal Nanoparticles Methods and Applications Introduction SO SUSTAINABLE PREPARATION OF METAL NANOPARTICLES: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS SE RSC Green Chemistry Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; CLUSTERS; HYDROGENATION C1 [Luque, Rafael] Univ Cordoba, Dept Quim Organ, Cordoba, Spain. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Luque, R (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Dept Quim Organ, Campus Rabanales,Edificio Marie Curie C-3,Ctr Nna, Cordoba, Spain. EM q62alsor@uco.es; varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-7039 BN 978-1-84973-546-9; 978-1-84973-428-8 J9 RSC GREEN CHEM SER PY 2013 IS 19 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1039/9781849735469-00001 D2 10.1039/9781849735469 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHY64 UT WOS:000327023500002 ER PT S AU Virkutyte, J Varma, RS AF Virkutyte, Jurate Varma, Rajender S. BE Luque, R Varma, RS TI Environmentally Friendly Preparation of Metal Nanoparticles SO SUSTAINABLE PREPARATION OF METAL NANOPARTICLES: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS SE RSC Green Chemistry Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALUMINA THIN-FILMS; MESOPOROUS GAMMA-ALUMINA; COLEUS-AMBOINICUS LOUR; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; GREEN SYNTHESIS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS; FACILE SYNTHESIS; EXTRACELLULAR SYNTHESIS; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES C1 [Virkutyte, Jurate] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Virkutyte, J (reprint author), Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, 26 E Hollister St, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. EM virkutyte.jurate@epa.gov; varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 123 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-7039 BN 978-1-84973-546-9; 978-1-84973-428-8 J9 RSC GREEN CHEM SER PY 2013 IS 19 BP 7 EP 33 DI 10.1039/9781849735469-00007 D2 10.1039/9781849735469 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHY64 UT WOS:000327023500003 ER PT S AU Han, C Pelaez, M Nadagouda, MN Obare, SO Falaras, P Dunlop, PSM Byrne, JA Choif, H Dionysiou, DD AF Han, Changseok Pelaez, Miguel Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Obare, Sherine O. Falaras, Polycarpos Dunlop, Patrick S. M. Byrne, J. Anthony Choif, Hyeok Dionysiou, Dionysios D. BE Luque, R Varma, RS TI The Green Synthesis and Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials SO SUSTAINABLE PREPARATION OF METAL NANOPARTICLES: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS SE RSC Green Chemistry Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FINE-STRUCTURE EXAFS; PD/FE BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI INACTIVATION; WATER-TREATMENT PROCESSES; NANOSCALE IRON PARTICLES; SULFUR-DOPED TIO2; NANO-SCALE FE; VISIBLE-LIGHT; PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE C1 [Han, Changseok; Pelaez, Miguel; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Obare, Sherine O.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Chem, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Falaras, Polycarpos] Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Div Phys Chem, Inst Adv Mat Physicochem Proc Nanotechnol & Micro, Athens, Greece. [Dunlop, Patrick S. M.; Byrne, J. Anthony] Univ Ulster, Nanotechnol & Integrated BioEngn Ctr, Sch Engn, Coleraine BT37 0QB, Londonderry, North Ireland. [Choif, Hyeok] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Han, C (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 180 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-7039 BN 978-1-84973-546-9; 978-1-84973-428-8 J9 RSC GREEN CHEM SER PY 2013 IS 19 BP 106 EP 143 DI 10.1039/9781849735469-00106 D2 10.1039/9781849735469 PG 38 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHY64 UT WOS:000327023500006 ER PT B AU Weitzman, ML AF Weitzman, Martin L. BE PalaciosHuerta, I TI The Geoengineered Planet SO IN 100 YEARS: LEADING ECONOMISTS PREDICT THE FUTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weitzman, Martin L.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Weitzman, Martin L.] Amer Acad Arts & Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Weitzman, Martin L.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Weitzman, Martin L.] Int Monetary Fund, Washington, DC 20431 USA. [Weitzman, Martin L.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Weitzman, ML (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 978-0-262-32007-8; 978-0-262-02691-8 PY 2013 BP 145 EP 163 PG 19 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BA3MU UT WOS:000334368200011 ER PT S AU Kohut, J Haldeman, C Kerfoot, J Adams, D Borst, M Friedman, B Schuster, R AF Kohut, Josh Haldeman, Chip Kerfoot, John Adams, Darvene Borst, Michael Friedman, Bruce Schuster, Robert GP IEEE TI Monitoring Dissolved Oxygen in New Jersey Coastal Waters Using Autonomous Gliders: Multi-year Trends and Event Response SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog DE Oceanographic Techniques; Robot Sensing Systems; Oxygen AB While low Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentrations are not uncommon in the coastal ocean, what is less understood is how the location and size of these low DO regions vary and what impact that variability has on ecosystem health. Therefore alternative sampling strategies are needed to continuously map these low DO areas in a way that quantifies this variability. This project applies a series of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) deployments from Sandy Hook to Cape May, NJ to address this need by mapping the subsurface DO concentration in near real-time within the near coastal ocean. The scales of variability of the DO concentration observed over these two seasons were on the order of 60-80 km in space and 3-4 days in time. The strongest gradients were observed across the thermocline with surface waters usually much more oxygenated than the bottom waters. Based on these missions, we have begun to sample the dynamic coastal ocean environment at the scales of known variability. The results show that while there are persistent patterns in the dissolved oxygen fields off our coasts, rapid changes can occur with varied effects across the region. C1 [Kohut, Josh; Haldeman, Chip; Kerfoot, John] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Adams, Darvene; Borst, Michael] US EPA, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. [Friedman, Bruce; Schuster, Robert] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Leeds Point, NJ 08220 USA. RP Kohut, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165801155 ER PT B AU Morgenstern, RD AF Morgenstern, Richard D. BE Coglianese, C Finkel, AM Carrigan, C TI Analyzing the Employment Impacts of Regulation SO DOES REGULATION KILL JOBS? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLEAN-AIR ACT; ENVIRONMENTAL-REGULATION; INVESTMENT; HEALTH; COST C1 [Morgenstern, Richard D.] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Morgenstern, Richard D.] US Dept State, Washington, DC USA. [Morgenstern, Richard D.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Morgenstern, RD (reprint author), Resources Future Inc, 1616 P St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA BN 978-0-8122-4576-9 PY 2013 BP 33 EP 50 PG 18 WC Economics; Political Science SC Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BA0XY UT WOS:000332346100003 ER PT B AU Gray, WB Shadbegian, RJ AF Gray, Wayne B. Shadbegian, Ronald J. BE Coglianese, C Finkel, AM Carrigan, C TI Do the Job Effects of Regulation Differ with the Competitive Environment? SO DOES REGULATION KILL JOBS? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INDUSTRY; PRODUCTIVITY C1 [Gray, Wayne B.] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Gray, Wayne B.] Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gray, Wayne B.] Boston Census Res Data Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. [Shadbegian, Ronald J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC USA. [Shadbegian, Ronald J.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Econ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Shadbegian, Ronald J.] Georgetown Univ, Publ Policy Inst, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Gray, WB (reprint author), Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA BN 978-0-8122-4576-9 PY 2013 BP 51 EP 69 PG 19 WC Economics; Political Science SC Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BA0XY UT WOS:000332346100004 ER PT B AU Fare, R Grosskopf, S Pasurka, CA Shadbegian, RJ AF Faere, Rolf Grosskopf, Shawna Pasurka, Carl A., Jr. Shadbegian, Ronald J. BE Coglianese, C Finkel, AM Carrigan, C TI Environmental Regulatory Rigidity and Employment in the Electric Power Sector SO DOES REGULATION KILL JOBS? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLLUTION-ABATEMENT; UNITED-STATES; PRODUCTIVITY; INDUSTRY C1 [Faere, Rolf; Grosskopf, Shawna] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pasurka, Carl A., Jr.; Shadbegian, Ronald J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC USA. [Pasurka, Carl A., Jr.] George Mason Univ, Sch Publ Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Shadbegian, Ronald J.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Econ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Shadbegian, Ronald J.] Georgetown Univ, Publ Policy Inst, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Fare, R (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Pasurka, Carl/H-8996-2016 OI Pasurka, Carl/0000-0001-9846-1507 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA BN 978-0-8122-4576-9 PY 2013 BP 89 EP 108 PG 20 WC Economics; Political Science SC Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BA0XY UT WOS:000332346100006 ER PT B AU Ferris, AE McGartland, A AF Ferris, Ann E. McGartland, Al BE Coglianese, C Finkel, AM Carrigan, C TI A Research Agenda for Improving the Treatment of Employment Impacts in Regulatory Impact Analysis SO DOES REGULATION KILL JOBS? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENVIRONMENTAL-REGULATION; UNEMPLOYMENT; ECONOMICS; JOBS C1 [Ferris, Ann E.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Ferris, Ann E.] White House Council Environm Qual, Washington, DC USA. [Ferris, Ann E.] Fed Reserve Bank Boston, Boston, MA USA. [McGartland, Al] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC USA. RP Ferris, AE (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA BN 978-0-8122-4576-9 PY 2013 BP 170 EP 189 PG 20 WC Economics; Political Science SC Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BA0XY UT WOS:000332346100010 ER PT B AU Mannix, BF AF Mannix, Brian F. BE Coglianese, C Finkel, AM Carrigan, C TI Employment and Human Welfare Why Does Benefit-Cost Analysis Seem Blind to Job Impacts? SO DOES REGULATION KILL JOBS? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mannix, Brian F.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Mannix, BF (reprint author), Buckland Mill Associates, Washington, DC USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA BN 978-0-8122-4576-9 PY 2013 BP 190 EP 203 PG 14 WC Economics; Political Science SC Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BA0XY UT WOS:000332346100011 ER PT B AU Elliott, ED AF Elliott, E. Donald BE Coglianese, C Finkel, AM Carrigan, C TI Rationing Analysis of Job Losses and Gains An Exercise in Domestic Comparative Law SO DOES REGULATION KILL JOBS? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HEALTH C1 [Elliott, E. Donald] Yale Univ, Sch Law, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Elliott, E. Donald] Covington & Burling LLP, Washington, DC USA. [Elliott, E. Donald] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Elliott, E. Donald] Off Informat & Regulatory Affairs, Washington, DC USA. RP Elliott, ED (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Law, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA BN 978-0-8122-4576-9 PY 2013 BP 256 EP 271 PG 16 WC Economics; Political Science SC Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BA0XY UT WOS:000332346100015 ER PT S AU Davies, C Adams, M Connor, E Sommer, E Baier-Anderson, C Lavoie, E Romano, L Difiore, D AF Davies, Clive Adams, Melanie Connor, Emily Sommer, Elizabeth Baier-Anderson, Caroline Lavoie, Emma Romano, Laura Difiore, David BE Hester, RE Harrison, RM TI US Environmental Protection Agency's Design for the Environment (DfE) Alternatives Assessment Program SO CHEMICAL ALTERNATIVES ASSESSMENTS SE Issues in Environmental Science and Technology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BISPHENOL-A; KNOWLEDGE; EXPOSURE; MILK AB Design for the Environment (DfE) Chemical Alternatives Assessments (CAA) are an approach to chemical substitution used to evaluate chemicals targeted by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for action. CAAs have helped stakeholders consider the health and environmental profiles of chemicals along with the more traditional factors of cost and performance as they choose alternatives. Recent improvements to the CAA methodology and criteria for differentiating chemicals have enhanced transparency and made the methodology implementable by parties outside the EPA. DfE is working to harmonize methodologies for CAA in the USA and plans to begin working with other countries on harmonization. Harmonization would have a number of benefits, introducing efficiencies by reducing the need for redundant assessments, and making it possible to have a central data repository where those conducting CAAs and those choosing safer chemicals can go for information. C1 [Davies, Clive; Adams, Melanie; Sommer, Elizabeth; Baier-Anderson, Caroline; Lavoie, Emma; Difiore, David] US EPA, Design Environm Branch, Econ Exposure & Technol Div, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Connor, Emily; Romano, Laura] ABT Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Davies, C (reprint author), US EPA, Design Environm Branch, Econ Exposure & Technol Div, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, 1200 Penn,Ave NW,7406M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM davies.clive@epamail.epa.gov OI Adams, Randy/0000-0001-9325-0049 NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1350-7583 BN 978-1-84973-723-4; 978-1-84973-605-3 J9 ISS ENVIRON SCI TECH JI Iss Environ. Sci. Technol. Ser. PY 2013 IS 36 BP 198 EP 229 DI 10.1039/9781849737234-00198 D2 10.1039/9781849737234 PG 32 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BIE31 UT WOS:000327875100010 ER PT J AU Wilson, GV Nieber, JL Sidle, RC Fox, GA AF Wilson, G. V. Nieber, J. L. Sidle, R. C. Fox, G. A. TI INTERNAL EROSION DURING SOIL PIPEFLOW: STATE OF THE SCIENCE FOR EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Ephemeral gully erosion; Erodibility; Internal erosion; Landslides; Pipeflow; Soil pipes ID LATERAL PREFERENTIAL FLOW; EPHEMERAL GULLY EROSION; PIPING SAPPING EROSION; SEEPAGE EROSION; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; SLOPE STABILITY; SUBSURFACE FLOW; WATER DYNAMICS; SWIRLING FLOW; MASS-TRANSFER AB Many field observations have led to speculation on the role of piping in embankment failures, landslides, and gully erosion. However, there has not been a consensus on the subsurface flow and erosion processes involved, and inconsistent use of terms have exacerbated the problem. One such piping process that has been the focus in numerous field observations, but with very limited mechanistic experimental work, is flow through a discrete macropore or soil pipe. Questions exist as to the conditions under which preferential flow through soil pipes results in internal erosion, stabilizes hillslopes by acting as drains, destabilizes hillslopes via pore-pressure buildups, and results in gully formation or reformation of filled-in ephemeral gullies. The objectives of this article are to review discrepancies in terminology in order to represent the piping processes better, to highlight past experimental work on the specific processes of soil pipeflow and internal erosion, and to assess the state-of-the-art modeling of pipeflow and internal erosion. The studies reviewed include those that examined the process of slope stability as affected by the clogging of soil pipes, the process of gullies forming due to mass failures caused by flow into discontinuous soil pipes, and the process of gully initiation by tunnel collapse due to pipes enlarging by internal erosion. In some of these studies, the soil pipes were simulated with perforated tubes placed in the soil, while in others the soil pipes were formed from the soil itself. Analytical solutions of the excess shear stress equation have been applied to experimental data of internal erosion of soil pipes to calculate critical shear stress and erodibility properties of soils. The most common numerical models for pipeflow have been based on Richards' equation, with the soil pipe treated as a highly conductive porous medium instead of a void. Incorporating internal erosion into such models has proven complicated due to enlargement of the pipe with time, turbulent flow, and episodic clogging of soil pipes. These studies and modeling approaches are described, and gaps in our understanding of pipeflow and internal erosion processes and our ability to model these processes are identified, along with recommendations for future research. C1 [Wilson, G. V.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Nieber, J. L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sidle, R. C.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. [Fox, G. A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Wilson, GV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, POB 1157,598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM glenn.wilson@ars.usda.gov NR 76 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2013 VL 56 IS 2 BP 465 EP 478 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AA0EH UT WOS:000330767600010 ER PT S AU Wright, M AF Wright, Merideth BE Purdy, R Leung, D TI The Use of Remote Sensing Evidence at Trial in the United States-One State Court Judge's Observations SO EVIDENCE FROM EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITES: EMERGING LEGAL ISSUES SE Studies in Space Law LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wright, Merideth] Vermont Attorney Gen Off, Burlington, VT USA. [Wright, Merideth] US Environm Protect Agcy, Washington, DC USA. [Wright, Merideth] Vermont Law Sch, Royalton, VT USA. [Wright, Merideth] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Wright, Merideth] Pace Univ, Sch Law, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRILL PI PA LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, NL-2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-7659 BN 978-90-04-23403-1; 978-90-04-19443-4 J9 STUD SPACE LAW PY 2013 VL 7 BP 313 EP 320 PG 8 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BJP42 UT WOS:000329470400015 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Wu, S Weise, MF Honrath, R Owen, RC Helmig, D Kramer, L Martin, MV Li, Q AF Kumar, A. Wu, S. Weise, M. F. Honrath, R. Owen, R. C. Helmig, D. Kramer, L. Martin, M. Val Li, Q. TI Free-troposphere ozone and carbon monoxide over the North Atlantic for 2001-2011 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES; BACKGROUND OZONE; SURFACE OZONE; AIR-QUALITY; GEOS-CHEM; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TRANSPACIFIC TRANSPORT; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; MACE-HEAD AB In situ measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O-3) at the Pico Mountain Observatory (PMO) located in the Azores, Portugal, are analyzed together with results from an atmospheric chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and satellite remote sensing data (AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) for CO, and TES (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer) for O-3) to examine the evolution of free-troposphere CO and O-3 over the North Atlantic for 2001-2011. GEOS-Chem captured the seasonal cycles for CO and O-3 well but significantly underestimated the mixing ratios of CO, particularly in spring. Statistically significant (using a significance level of 0.05) decreasing trends were found for both CO and O-3 based on harmonic regression analysis of the measurement data. The best estimates of the possible trends for CO and O-3 measurements are -0.31 +/- 0.30 (2-sigma) ppbv yr(-1) and -0.21 +/- 0.11 (2-sigma) ppbv yr(-1), respectively. Similar decreasing trends for both species were obtained with GEOS-Chem simulation results. The most important factor contributing to the decreases in CO and O-3 at PMO over the past decade is the decline in anthropogenic emissions from North America, which more than compensate for the impacts from increasing Asian emissions. It is likely that climate change in the past decade has also affected the intercontinental transport of O-3. C1 [Kumar, A.; Wu, S.; Weise, M. F.; Honrath, R.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Wu, S.; Honrath, R.; Kramer, L.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Owen, R. C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Helmig, D.] Univ Colorado, Inst Alpine & Arctic Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martin, M. Val] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Li, Q.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM adityak@mtu.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Val Martin, Maria/D-6955-2011 FU NSF Atmospheric Chemistry program; NOAA Office of Global Programs; Regional Government of the Azores; UK National Environment Research Council; USEPA STAR grant [83518901] FX This research and the operation of the Pico Mountain Observatory have been supported by several agencies, including the NSF Atmospheric Chemistry program, the NOAA Office of Global Programs, and the Regional Government of the Azores, and through funding from the UK National Environment Research Council for the BORTAS project. We thank Pei Hou at Michigan Tech for helping on processing the atmospheric humidity data. This publication was made possible by USEPA STAR grant (83518901). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USEPA. Further, USEPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. NR 68 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 24 BP 12537 EP 12547 DI 10.5194/acp-13-12537-2013 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 292VF UT WOS:000329930000021 ER PT J AU Nichols, HB Trentham-Dietz, A Newcomb, PA Egan, KM Titus, LJ Hampton, JM Visvanathan, K AF Nichols, Hazel B. Trentham-Dietz, Amy Newcomb, Polly A. Egan, Kathleen M. Titus, Linda J. Hampton, John M. Visvanathan, Kala TI Pre-diagnosis oophorectomy, estrogen therapy and mortality in a cohort of women diagnosed with breast cancer SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; RECREATIONAL PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BRCA2 MUTATION CARRIERS; OVARIAN CONSERVATION; BILATERAL OOPHORECTOMY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; NURSES HEALTH; ALL-CAUSE; RISK; HYSTERECTOMY AB Introduction: Pre-diagnosis oophorectomy and estrogen therapy could impact mortality due to breast cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among breast cancer survivors. Elective bilateral oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy for benign conditions is not uncommon among US women. Methods: We examined the association between pre-diagnosis total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAHBSO) and both overall and cause-specific mortality in the Collaborative Breast Cancer Studies cohort. Medical history and prior estrogen use were collected during standardized telephone interviews. Vital status, including date and cause of death, was obtained by linkage with the National Death Index. Multivariate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cause-specific mortality were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Seventeen percent (N = 1,778) of breast cancer survivors (mean age at diagnosis = 63.5) reported pre-diagnosis TAHBSO. During follow-up (mean = 9.5 years), 2,856 deaths occurred, including 1,060 breast cancer deaths and 459 CVD deaths. Breast cancer deaths occurred a median of 5.1 years after diagnosis; CVD deaths occurred further from diagnosis (median = 9.7 years). Women who reported pre-diagnosis TAHBSO had a 16% decrease in all-cause mortality (HR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.92) compared to those with an intact uterus and ovaries. This overall decrease reflected a 27% lower breast cancer mortality among women who never used postmenopausal hormones (HR = 0.73; CI: 0.55, 0.96) and 43% lower CVD risk among women who reported using estrogen (HR = 0.57; CI: 0.39, 0.83) after TAHBSO. Conclusions: Information on prior TAHBSO and estrogen use can inform risk of death from both breast cancer and cardiovascular disease among breast cancer survivors. C1 [Nichols, Hazel B.; Visvanathan, Kala] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Trentham-Dietz, Amy] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Trentham-Dietz, Amy; Hampton, John M.] Univ Wisconsin, Paul P Carbone Comprehens Canc Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Newcomb, Polly A.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Egan, Kathleen M.] H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Titus, Linda J.] Dartmouth Med Sch, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. [Visvanathan, Kala] Sidney Kimmel Comprehens Canc Ctr Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. RP Nichols, HB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, 111 T W Alexander Dr,Res Triangle Pk, Durham, NC 27709 USA. EM nicholshb@niehs.nih.gov FU National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health [CA47147, CA47305, CA069664, CA009314, CA111948] FX This works was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (CA47147, CA47305, CA069664, CA009314, CA111948). NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-542X EI 1465-5411 J9 BREAST CANCER RES JI Breast Cancer Res. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 5 AR R99 DI 10.1186/bcr3560 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 290NA UT WOS:000329763800027 PM 24152546 ER PT J AU O'Connor, AC Gallaher, MP Loomis, RJ Casey, SE AF O'Connor, Alan C. Gallaher, Michael P. Loomis, Ross J. Casey, Sara E. BE Link, AN Vonortas, NS TI Estimating avoided environmental emissions and environmental health benefits SO HANDBOOK ON THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PROGRAM EVALUATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; FINE PARTICLES; POLLUTANTS; MORBIDITY; CHILDREN; SEATTLE C1 [O'Connor, Alan C.; Gallaher, Michael P.] RTI, Environm Technol & Energy Econ Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [O'Connor, Alan C.; Gallaher, Michael P.; Loomis, Ross J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [O'Connor, Alan C.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [O'Connor, Alan C.; Gallaher, Michael P.; Loomis, Ross J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [O'Connor, Alan C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gallaher, Michael P.] NSF, Arlington, VA USA. [Gallaher, Michael P.] NTIA, Washington, DC USA. [Loomis, Ross J.] RTI, Global Climate Change & Environm Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Loomis, Ross J.] Natl Pk Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Casey, Sara E.] RTI Int, Environm Technol & Energy Econ Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP O'Connor, AC (reprint author), RTI, Environm Technol & Energy Econ Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85793-239-6 PY 2013 BP 247 EP 290 PG 44 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BJL29 UT WOS:000328820800009 ER PT J AU Berkley, J AF Berkley, Jim TI Opportunities for Collaborative Adaptive Management Progress: Integrating Stakeholder Assessments into Progress Measurement SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; Adaptive Management Working Group; AMP; AMWG; attitudes; behavior; collaborative adaptive management; Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program; Missouri River Recovery Program; MRRP; progress; stakeholders AB Collaborative Adaptive Management (CAM) program stakeholders informally assess program progress through subjective assessments regularly. Each stakeholder does this by individually selecting objective progress indicators based on their needs, values, and preferences. They do this even though there may be a stakeholder group agreed-on set of progress objectives. Individual stakeholder indicators may be a subset of the group set or outside of the agreed-on set. This is because many factors influence behavior, and stakeholders may act differently in group settings as opposed to individual settings. These assessments can provide valuable information about stakeholder needs that are not being met, and potential motivations for stakeholders circumventing a CAM process. They can also provide information, beyond the normal measures, about the importance of system components and relationships that are keys to progress and action. Progress is important to continued support for these publically funded CAM programs. The Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (AMP) and the Missouri River Recovery Program (MRRP) were used to explore the idea of integrating stakeholder assessments into CAM progress measurement. A study using a framework with AMP stakeholders was conducted to measure progress, whereas examples from MRRP were used to explain how the framework could be used to understand real scenarios of stakeholder behavior related to unmet needs and individual measures of progress. Integration of stakeholder attitudes and behavior in CAM progress evaluation can yield important results. Stakeholders' attitudes and corresponding behaviors can affect a CAM program's progress. Gathering data on their attitudes can help decision makers understand stakeholders' perceptions of progress and avoid potential blocks to progress. There are differences among stakeholders in the indicators they consider as relevant to the assessment of progress. Elucidating these differences can provide useful information about system components and relationships that are important to public support of a CAM program and progress. One of the sources of differences in progress assessments among stakeholders comes from their diverse perceptions about the desired and current states of the social-ecological systems. Stakeholder behavior can be inconsistent between group and individual settings. Individually they may make plans, based on their assessments, that do not conform to the group plan because of their unique interests and preferences. The results of this study need to be further tested. The framework should be used through multiple cycles to determine whether the information gathered with this approach results in additional progress as compared with past approaches. In particular, it would be helpful to test whether gathering such information resulted in a decrease in stakeholders electing to go outside of the CAM process to get their needs met. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Berkley, J (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2013 VL 18 IS 4 AR 69 DI 10.5751/ES-05988-180469 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 285YS UT WOS:000329431700069 ER PT J AU LoSchiavo, AJ Best, RG Burns, RE Gray, S Harwell, MC Hines, EB McLean, AR St Clair, T Traxler, S Vearil, JW AF LoSchiavo, Andrew J. Best, Ronnie G. Burns, Rebecca E. Gray, Susan Harwell, Matthew C. Hines, Eliza B. McLean, Agnes R. St Clair, Tom Traxler, Steve Vearil, James W. TI Lessons Learned from the First Decade of Adaptive Management in Comprehensive Everglades Restoration SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; decision-making; Everglades; monitoring; restoration ID ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION; SOUTH FLORIDA; MODELS AB Although few successful examples of large-scale adaptive management applications are available to ecosystem restoration scientists and managers, examining where and how the components of an adaptive management program have been successfully implemented yields insight into what approaches have and have not worked. We document five key lessons learned during the decade-long development and implementation of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) Collaborative Adaptive Management Program that might be useful to other adaptive management practitioners. First, legislative and regulatory authorities that require the development of an adaptive management program are necessary to maintain funding and support to set up and implement adaptive management. Second, integration of adaptive management activities into existing institutional processes, and development of technical guidance, helps to ensure that adaptive management activities are understood and roles and responsibilities are clearly articulated so that adaptive management activities are implemented successfully. Third, a strong applied science framework is critical for establishing a pre-restoration ecosystem reference condition and understanding of how the system works, as well as for providing a conduit for incorporating new scientific information into the decision-making process. Fourth, clear identification of uncertainties that pose risks to meeting restoration goals helps with the development of hypothesis-driven strategies to inform restoration planning and implementation. Tools such as management options matrices can provide a coherent way to link hypotheses to specific monitoring efforts and options to adjust implementation if performance goals are not achieved. Fifth, independent external peer review of an adaptive management program provides important feedback critical to maintaining and improving adaptive management implementation for ecosystem restoration. These lessons learned have helped shape the CERP Adaptive Management Program and are applicable to other natural resource management and restoration efforts; they can be used to help guide development and implementation of adaptive management programs facing similar challenges. C1 [Harwell, Matthew C.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. FU RESPEC; U.S. Geological Survey; Collaborative Adaptive Management Network (CAMNET) FX We thank the current and past CERP Adaptive Management Team members that have helped shape the development of the program: Stu Appelbaum, Elmar Kurzbach, John Ogden, Jennifer Pratt-Miles, Barbara Stinson, Kent Loftin, Bill Schaefer, Zafar Hyder, Chuck Padera, Carol Mitchell, Jim Boone, Paul DuBowy, Vic Engel, Steve Gilbert, David Hallac, Fred Sklar, Ernie Marks, Lorraine Heisler, Greg Graves, Patti Gorman, Larry Gerry, Laura Mahoney, Russ Reed, Darlene Guinto, Steve Light, Cheryl Buckingham, Sarah Bellmund, and Lisa Sterling. We thank the following entities for funding the preparation of this article: RESPEC, U.S. Geological Survey, and Collaborative Adaptive Management Network (CAMNET). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of Interior, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Everglades National Park, U.S. National Park Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, South Florida Water Management District, or U.S. Geological Survey. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 22 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2013 VL 18 IS 4 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 285YS UT WOS:000329431700070 ER PT B AU Gorman, ME Savage, NF Street, A AF Gorman, Michael E. Savage, Nora F. Street, Anita BE Savage, N Gorman, M Street, A TI Using Nanotechnology to Filter Water: A Hypothetical Case Study SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES: SOCIO-BEHAVIORAL LIFE CYCLE APPROACHES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gorman, Michael E.] Univ Virginia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Savage, Nora F.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Street, Anita] US DOE, Off Intelligence & Counterintelligence, Div Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Gorman, ME (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, 351 McCormick Rd,POB 400744,Thornton Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM savage.nora@epa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4411-01-1; 978-981-4411-00-4 PY 2013 BP 5 EP 9 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BJJ89 UT WOS:000328539700003 ER PT B AU Gorman, ME Savage, NF Street, A AF Gorman, Michael E. Savage, Nora F. Street, Anita BE Savage, N Gorman, M Street, A TI Nanotechnology for Human Health SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES: SOCIO-BEHAVIORAL LIFE CYCLE APPROACHES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gorman, Michael E.] Univ Virginia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Savage, Nora F.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Street, Anita] US DOE, Off Intelligence & Counterintelligence, Div Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Gorman, ME (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, 351 McCormick Rd,POB 400744,Thornton Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM meg3c@virginia.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4411-01-1; 978-981-4411-00-4 PY 2013 BP 11 EP 15 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BJJ89 UT WOS:000328539700004 ER PT S AU Howard, J Babij, E Griffis, R Helmuth, B Himes-Cornell, A Niemier, P Orbach, M Petes, L Allen, S Auad, G Auer, C Beard, R Boatman, M Bond, N Boyer, T Brown, D Clay, P Crane, K Cross, S Dalton, M Diamond, J Diaz, R Dortch, Q Duffy, E Fauquier, D Fisher, W Graham, M Halpern, B Hansen, L Hayum, B Herrick, S Hollowed, A Hutchins, D Jewett, E Jin, D Knowlton, N Kotowicz, D Kristiansen, T Little, P Lopez, C Loring, P Lumpkin, R Mace, A Mengerink, K Morrison, JR Murray, J Norman, K O'Donnell, J Overland, J Parsons, R Pettigrew, N Pfeiffer, L Pidgeon, E Plummer, M Polovina, J Quintrell, J Rowles, T Runge, J Rust, M Sanford, E Send, U Singer, M Speir, C Stanitski, D Thornber, C Wilson, C Xue, Y AF Howard, Jennifer Babij, Eleanora Griffis, Roger Helmuth, Brian Himes-Cornell, Amber Niemier, Paul Orbach, Michael Petes, Laura Allen, Stewart Auad, Guillermo Auer, Carol Beard, Russell Boatman, Mary Bond, Nicholas Boyer, Timothy Brown, David Clay, Patricia Crane, Katherine Cross, Scott Dalton, Michael Diamond, Jordan Diaz, Robert Dortch, Quay Duffy, Emmett Fauquier, Deborah Fisher, William Graham, Michael Halpern, Benjamin Hansen, Lara Hayum, Bryan Herrick, Samuel Hollowed, Anne Hutchins, David Jewett, Elizabeth Jin, Di Knowlton, Nancy Kotowicz, Dawn Kristiansen, Trond Little, Peter Lopez, Cary Loring, Philip Lumpkin, Rick Mace, Amber Mengerink, Kathryn Morrison, J. Ru Murray, Jason Norman, Karma O'Donnell, James Overland, James Parsons, Rost Pettigrew, Neal Pfeiffer, Lisa Pidgeon, Emily Plummer, Mark Polovina, Jeffrey Quintrell, Josie Rowles, Teressa Runge, Jeffrey Rust, Michael Sanford, Eric Send, Uwe Singer, Merrill Speir, Cameron Stanitski, Diane Thornber, Carol Wilson, Cara Xue, Yan BA Smith, IP BF Smith, IP BE Hughes, RN Hughes, DJ TI OCEANS AND MARINE RESOURCES IN A CHANGING CLIMATE SO OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE BIOLOGY: AN ANNUAL REVIEW, VOL 51 SE Oceanography and Marine Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; CARBONATE ION CONCENTRATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION AB The United States is an ocean nation-our past, present, and future are inextricably connected to and dependent on oceans and marine resources. Marine ecosystems provide many important services, including jobs, food, transportation routes, recreational opportunities, health benefits, climate regulation, and cultural heritage that affect people, communities, and economies across the United States and internationally every day. There is a wealth of information documenting the strong linkages between the planet's climate and ocean systems, as well as how changes in the climate system can produce changes in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of ocean ecosystems on a variety of spatial and temporal scales. There is relatively little information on how these climate-driven changes in ocean ecosystems may have an impact on ocean services and uses, although it is predicted that ocean-dependent users, communities, and economies will likely become increasingly vulnerable in a changing climate. Based on our current understanding and future projections of the planet's ocean systems, it is likely that Marine ecosystems will continue to be affected by anthropogenic-driven climate change into the future. This review describes how these impacts are set in motion through a suite of changes in ocean physical, chemical, and biological components and processes in US waters and the significant implications of these changes for ocean users and the communities and economies that depend on healthy oceans. US international partnerships, management challenges, opportunities, and knowledge gaps are also discussed. Effectively preparing for and responding to climate-driven changes in the ocean will require both limiting future change through reductions of greenhouse gases and adapting to the changes that we can no longer avoid. C1 [Howard, Jennifer; Griffis, Roger; Niemier, Paul; Petes, Laura; Auer, Carol; Boyer, Timothy; Clay, Patricia; Fauquier, Deborah; Jewett, Elizabeth; Kristiansen, Trond; Lopez, Cary; Rowles, Teressa] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Babij, Eleanora; Hayum, Bryan] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Helmuth, Brian] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [Himes-Cornell, Amber; Dalton, Michael; Hollowed, Anne; Little, Peter; Overland, James; Pfeiffer, Lisa] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Orbach, Michael] Duke Univ, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Allen, Stewart; Kotowicz, Dawn; Pettigrew, Neal] NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Auad, Guillermo; Boatman, Mary] Bur Ocean Energy Management, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [Beard, Russell; Parsons, Rost] NOAA, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Bond, Nicholas] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Brown, David] NOAA, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA. [Crane, Katherine; Stanitski, Diane] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Cross, Scott] NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Diamond, Jordan; Mengerink, Kathryn] Environm Law Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Diaz, Robert; Duffy, Emmett] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Dortch, Quay] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fisher, William] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Graham, Michael] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Halpern, Benjamin] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Hansen, Lara] EcoAdapt, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA. [Herrick, Samuel] NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hutchins, David] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Jin, Di] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Knowlton, Nancy] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Kristiansen, Trond] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Loring, Philip] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Mace, Amber] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Morrison, J. Ru] North East Reg Assoc Coastal & Ocean Observing Sy, Rye, NH 03870 USA. [Murray, Jason] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Norman, Karma; Plummer, Mark; Rust, Michael] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [O'Donnell, James] Univ Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Pidgeon, Emily] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Polovina, Jeffrey] NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Quintrell, Josie; Runge, Jeffrey] Natl Federat Reg Assoc Coastal Observing, Harpswell, ME 04079 USA. [Quintrell, Josie; Runge, Jeffrey] Univ Maine, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Sanford, Eric] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Send, Uwe] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Singer, Merrill] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Speir, Cameron] NOAA, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Thornber, Carol] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Wilson, Cara] NOAA, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Xue, Yan] NOAA, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Howard, J (reprint author), NOAA, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Jennifer.Howard@noaa.gov RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 NR 771 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 59 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 0078-3218 BN 978-1-4665-6866-2 J9 OCEANOGR MAR BIOL JI Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. PY 2013 VL 51 BP 71 EP 192 PG 122 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BIF30 UT WOS:000328002700002 ER PT J AU Randall, TA Perera, L London, RE Mueller, GA AF Randall, Thomas A. Perera, Lalith London, Robert E. Mueller, Geoffrey A. TI Genomic, RNAseq, and Molecular Modeling Evidence Suggests That the Major Allergen Domain in Insects Evolved from a Homodimeric Origin SO GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE SDMA; molecular modeling; genome; gene family; tandem duplication; synteny; ortholog; gene expression; RNAseq; Bla g 1; ANG12; allergen ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; BLATTELLA-GERMANICA; DRAFT GENOME; COCKROACH; SEQUENCE; INSIGHTS; PROTEIN; ADAPTATIONS; MOSQUITO; VECTOR AB The major allergen domain (MA) is widely distributed in insects. The crystal structure of a single Bla g 1 MA revealed a novel protein fold in which the fundamental structure was a duplex of two subsequences (monomers), which had diverged over time. This suggested that the evolutionary origin of the MA structure may have been a homodimer of this smaller subsequence. Using publicly available genomic data, the distribution of the basic unit of this class of proteins was determined to better understand its evolutionary history. The duplication and divergence is examined at three distinct levels of resolution: 1) within the orders Diptera and Hymenoptera, 2) within one genus Drosophila, and 3) within one species Aedes aegypti. Within the family Culicidae, we have found two separate occurrences of monomers as independent genes. The organization of the gene family in A. aegypti shows a common evolutionary origin for its monomer and several closely related MAs. Molecular modeling of the A. aegypti monomer with the unique Bla g 1 fold confirms the distant evolutionary relationship and supports the feasibility of homodimer formation from a single monomer. RNAseq data for A. aegypti confirms that the monomer is expressed in the mosquito similar to other A. aegypti MAs after a blood meal. Together, these data support the contention that the detected monomer shares similar functional characteristics to related MAs in other insects. An extensive search for this domain outside of Insecta confirms that the MAs are restricted to insects. C1 [Randall, Thomas A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Perera, Lalith; London, Robert E.; Mueller, Geoffrey A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Mueller, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM Mueller3@niehs.nih.gov OI Randall, Thomas/0000-0002-4605-7606 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health [Z01-ES102885-01, Z01-ES043010-28] FX The authors thank Jim Mason and Lee Pedersen for a critical reading of the manuscript. This research was supported by Research Project Number Z01-ES102885-01 to R. E. L. and Z01-ES043010-28 to L. P. in the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1759-6653 J9 GENOME BIOL EVOL JI Genome Biol. Evol. PY 2013 VL 5 IS 12 BP 2344 EP 2358 DI 10.1093/gbe/evt182 PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 283MO UT WOS:000329250400008 PM 24253356 ER PT J AU Gay, DA Schmeltz, D Prestbo, E Olson, M Sharac, T Tordon, R AF Gay, D. A. Schmeltz, D. Prestbo, E. Olson, M. Sharac, T. Tordon, R. TI The Atmospheric Mercury Network: measurement and initial examination of an ongoing atmospheric mercury record across North America SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS OXIDIZED MERCURY; DRY DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; SURROGATE SURFACES; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; EMISSIONS; FOREST; TREND AB The National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) developed and operates a collaborative network of atmospheric-mercury-monitoring sites based in North America - the Atmospheric Mercury Network (AMNet). The justification for the network was growing interest and demand from many scientists and policy makers for a robust database of measurements to improve model development, assess policies and programs, and improve estimates of mercury dry deposition. Many different agencies and groups support the network, including federal, state, tribal, and international governments, academic institutions, and private companies. AMNet has added two high-elevation sites outside of continental North America in Hawaii and Taiwan because of new partnerships forged within NADP. Network sites measure concentrations of atmospheric mercury fractions using automated, continuous mercury speciation systems. The procedures that NADP developed for field operations, data management, and quality assurance ensure that the network makes scientifically valid and consistent measurements. AMNet reports concentrations of hourly gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), two-hour gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and two-hour particulate-bound mercury less than 2.5 microns in size (PBM2.5). As of January 2012, over 450 000 valid observations are available from 30 stations. AMNet also collects ancillary meteorological data and information on land use and vegetation, when available. We present atmospheric mercury data comparisons by time (3 yr) at 21 individual sites and instruments. Highlighted are contrasting values for site locations across the network: urban versus rural, coastal versus high elevation and the range of maximum observations. The data presented should catalyze the formation of many scientific questions that may be answered through further in-depth analysis and modeling studies of the AMNet database. All data and methods are publically available through an online database on the NADP website (http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/amn/). Future network directions are to foster new network partnerships and continue to collect, quality assure, and post data, including dry deposition estimates, for each fraction. C1 [Gay, D. A.; Olson, M.] Illinois State Water Survey, Natl Atmospher Deposit Program, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Schmeltz, D.; Sharac, T.] US EPA, Off Atmospher Programs, Clean Air Markets Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Prestbo, E.] Tekran Res & Dev, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. [Tordon, R.] Environm Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 2N6, Canada. RP Gay, DA (reprint author), Illinois State Water Survey, Natl Atmospher Deposit Program, 2204 Griffith Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM dgay@illinois.edu FU US Department of Agriculture - National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2012-39138-20273] FX The NADP is National Research Support Project-3: A Long-Term Monitoring Program in Support of Research on the Effects of Atmospheric Chemical Deposition. More than 240 sponsors support the NADP, including State Agricultural Experiment Stations; universities; private companies and other nongovernmental organizations; Canadian government agencies; state, local, and tribal government organizations; and federal agencies, including the US Department of Agriculture - National Institute of Food and Agriculture (under agreement no. 2012-39138-20273). Any findings or conclusions in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of the Illinois State Water Survey, US Department of Agriculture, or other sponsors. NR 47 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 22 BP 11339 EP 11349 DI 10.5194/acp-13-11339-2013 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 263NX UT WOS:000327816400014 ER PT J AU Leet, JK Lesteberg, KE Schoenfuss, HL Olmstead, AW Amberg, JJ Ankley, GT Sepulveda, MS AF Leet, J. K. Lesteberg, K. E. Schoenfuss, H. L. Olmstead, A. W. Amberg, J. J. Ankley, G. T. Sepulveda, M. S. TI Sex-Specific Gonadal and Gene Expression Changes throughout Development in Fathead Minnow SO SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE ar; cyp17; cyp19a; Developmental gene expression; dmrt1; esr1; Fathead minnow; star ID PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FACTOR-I; DIFFERENTIATION; FISH; MECHANISM; PROFILES; TILAPIA; GROWTH; TISSUE; DMRT1 AB Although fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) are commonly used as a model fish in endocrine disruption studies, past studies have not characterized sex-specific baseline expression of genes involved in sex differentiation during development in this species. Using a sex-linked DNA marker to verify gender, we evaluated the expression over time of genes involved in sex differentiation (dmrt1, cyp19a, cyp17, star, esr1, ar) in developing fathead minnows (10-45 days post hatch). Evaluation of these molecular markers in combination with gender identification help us to better understand the mechanisms regulating sex differentiation in fathead minnows and how endocrine-disrupting chemicals may alter these processes. (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Leet, J. K.; Sepulveda, M. S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lesteberg, K. E.; Schoenfuss, H. L.] St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Olmstead, A. W.] Bayer CropSci, Environm Toxicol & Risk Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Amberg, J. J.] US Geol Serv, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Ankley, G. T.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN USA. RP Leet, JK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jleet@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014; OI Lesteberg, Kelsey/0000-0002-3081-457X NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 18 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-5425 EI 1661-5433 J9 SEX DEV JI Sex. Dev. PY 2013 VL 7 IS 6 BP 303 EP 307 DI 10.1159/000353877 PG 5 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 269SE UT WOS:000328261400005 PM 23948860 ER PT J AU Miner, BG Donovan, DA Portis, LM Goulding, TC AF Miner, Benjamin G. Donovan, Deborah A. Portis, Lisa M. Goulding, Tricia C. TI Whelks induce an effective defense against sea stars SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Inducible defenses; Nucella lamellosa; Predation; Phenotypic plasticity; Pisaster ochraceus; Retractability; Sea star; Whelk ID CRYPTIC GENETIC-VARIATION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; INTERTIDAL SNAIL; MORPHOLOGICAL DEFENSE; NATURAL-SELECTION; INDUCED RESPONSES; SHELL DIMORPHISM; NUCELLA-LAPILLUS; MARINE SNAIL; PEDAL MUCUS AB The whelk Nucella lamellosa displays phenotypic plasticity in the presence of the sea star Pisaster ochraceus by becoming more retractable. In this study, we directly tested whether this response is an inducible defense, and looked for evidence of phenotypic costs associated with the induced phenotype. We found that whelks held in the presence of sea stars consuming conspecific whelks became more retractable, while whelks that were not exposed to sea stars became less retractable-indicating that this is a reversible and symmetric (i. e. similar magnitude of change) response. We did not find changes in aspect ratio of the shell or size of the whelks. Following the induction experiment, whelks were fed to sea stars. In this predation experiment, sea stars were much less likely to consume whelks previously exposed to sea stars compared to whelks not exposed to sea stars. There was a strong relationship between mortality and retractability relative to shell length, and individuals that could retract 50% of their shell length had relatively little chance of being consumed during the predation experiment. These results support the hypothesis that increased retractability is an inducible defense. We also conducted field surveys of N. lamellosa populations and found differences in retractability among populations, most of which were more retractable than the whelks in our induction experiment. For these field-collected individuals, we found evidence of phenotypic costs, with a negative relationship between retractability and tenacity. Thus, N. lamellosa responds to a sea star predator by becoming more retractable but at the cost of becoming less tenacious. C1 [Miner, Benjamin G.; Donovan, Deborah A.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Miner, Benjamin G.; Donovan, Deborah A.; Portis, Lisa M.; Goulding, Tricia C.] Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. [Portis, Lisa M.] Colby Coll, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. [Portis, Lisa M.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Goulding, Tricia C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Goulding, Tricia C.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Miner, BG (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM benjamin.miner@wwu.edu FU National Science Foundation, Research Experience for Undergraduates Program [OCE-1061503] FX We thank G. McKeen and N. Schwarck for helping us with this research, S. Sulkin for space at the Shannon Point Marine Center, S. Fradkin (Olympic National Park) and M. Miner (MARINe) for sharing data on the abundance of P. ochraceus, and M. Miner for comments on this manuscript. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation, Research Experience for Undergraduates Program (award number OCE-1061503). NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 493 BP 195 EP + DI 10.3354/meps10501 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 254VX UT WOS:000327197700018 ER PT J AU Jahan, K Hoque, S Ahmed, T AF Jahan, Kauser Hoque, Shamia Ahmed, Tariq TI ACTIVATED SLUDGE AND OTHER AEROBIC SUSPENDED CULTURE PROCESSES SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE activated sludge; nutrient removal; sequencing batch reactor; microconstituents; wastewater treatment; suspended growth process; aerobic processes; microbiology; xenobiotics ID WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT; SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR; BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL; EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERIC SUBSTANCES; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; GLYCOGEN-ACCUMULATING ORGANISMS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; IMPROVED COMPUTATIONAL MODEL; AMMONIA-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; PAPER-MILL WASTE AB This is a literature review for the year 2012 and contains information specifically related to suspended growth processes including activated sludge and sequencing batch reactors. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual literature review. The review encompasses modeling, nutrient removal, system design and operation, oxygen transfer and solids separation. A number of topics that have seen an increase in activity compared to recent past reviews. These include nitrous oxide emissions, fate and occurrence of hormones, endocrine disrupters and pharmaceuticals, which are referred to as microconstituents following current WEF terminology. Microconstituents as they relate to suspended growth reactors are covered in this review, while membrane bioreactors are reviewed in another section in this journal. Other subsections from the Treatment Systems section that might also be related to this section include: Wastewater Collection Systems; Biological Fixed Film Systems; and Modeling, Instrumentation, Automation, and Optimization of Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Many of the subsections in the Industrial Wastes, Hazardous Wastes, and Fate and Effects of Pollutants sections could also have some overlap with this section. C1 [Jahan, Kauser] Rowan Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. [Hoque, Shamia] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ahmed, Tariq] New Jersey Dept Hlth, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Jahan, K (reprint author), Rowan Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. EM jahan@rowan.edu NR 350 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 32 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 EI 1554-7531 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2013 VL 85 IS 10 BP 992 EP 1059 DI 10.2175/106143013X13698672321869 PG 68 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 264FZ UT WOS:000327863700006 ER PT J AU Mearns, AJ Reish, DJ Oshida, PS Ginn, T Rempel-Hester, MA Arthur, C Rutherford, N AF Mearns, Alan J. Reish, Donald J. Oshida, Philip S. Ginn, Thomas Rempel-Hester, Mary Ann Arthur, Courtney Rutherford, Nicolle TI Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tissue residues; toxicity; bioaccumulation; biomagnification; biomarkers; sediment quality; ecological risk assessment; endocrine disrupters; nano particles; POPs; PCBs; PAHs; PBDEs; radionuclides; pharmaceuticals; personal care products; trace metals; pesticides; biomarkers; marine biocides; oil spills; dispersants; sewage; debris; dredging; eutrophication; human disturbance; Arctic; Antarctic ID HORIZON OIL-SPILL; GULF-OF-MEXICO; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; CLAM SCROBICULARIA-PLANA; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; FDA RISK-ASSESSMENT; MUSSELS MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS AB This review covers selected 2012 articles on the biological effects of pollutants and human physical disturbances on marine and estuarine plants, animals, ecosystems and habitats. The review, based largely on journal articles, covers field and laboratory measurement activities (bioaccumulation of contaminants, field assessment surveys, toxicity testing and biomarkers) as well as pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, emerging contaminants, wastewater discharges, dredging and disposal, etc. Special emphasis is placed on effects of oil spills and marine debris due in part to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil blowout in the Gulf of Mexico and the 2011 Japanese tsunami. Several topical areas reviewed in the past (ballast water and ocean acidification) were dropped this year. The focus of this review is on effects, not pollutant fate and transport. There is considerable overlap across subject areas (e.g. some bioaccumulation papers may be cited in other topical categories). Please use keyword searching of the text to locate related but distributed papers. Use this review only as a guide and please consult the original papers before citing them. C1 [Mearns, Alan J.; Rutherford, Nicolle] NOAA, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reish, Donald J.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Oshida, Philip S.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Ginn, Thomas] Exponent Inc, Sedona, AZ USA. [Rempel-Hester, Mary Ann] Aquat Toxicol Support, Bremerton, WA USA. [Arthur, Courtney] IM Syst Grp, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Arthur, Courtney] NOAA, Marine Debris Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Mearns, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Emergency Response Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alan.mearns@noaa.gov NR 434 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 14 U2 169 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 EI 1554-7531 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2013 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1828 EP 1933 DI 10.2175/106143013X13698672322949 PG 106 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 264FZ UT WOS:000327863700033 ER PT J AU Li, N Wang, MY Barajas, B Sioutas, C Williams, MA Nel, AE AF Li, Ning Wang, Meiying Barajas, Berenice Sioutas, Constantinos Williams, Marc A. Nel, Andre E. TI Nrf2 Deficiency in Dendritic Cells Enhances the Adjuvant Effect of Ambient Ultrafine Particles on Allergic Sensitization SO JOURNAL OF INNATE IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; Dendritic cell; Adjuvant effect; Allergic sensitization; Lung inflammation; Ultrafine particles; Interleukin-12p70; Interleukin-6; T helper 2 ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; AIRWAY INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES; ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PARTICULATE MATTER; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; ASTHMA; MICE; DISRUPTION AB Particulate matter (PM) is an important risk factor for asthma. Generation of oxidative stress by PM is a major mechanism of its health effects. Transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nr12) mediates antioxidant and phase II enzymes and is essential in protecting against oxidative stress and lung inflammation. We have previously shown that ambient ultrafine particles (UFP) could exert a potent adjuvant effect on allergic sensitization to ovalbumin (OVA) in mice. We hypothesized that Nrf2 deficiency in dendritic cells (DC) could enhance the adjuvant potential of UFP on allergic sensitization. We show that the adjuvant effect of intranasally instilled UFP is significantly enhanced in Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2(-/-)) mice compared with their wild-type (Nrf2(+/+)) counterparts. Under resting conditions, Nrf2(-/-) DC displayed an intrinsic predilection to a T helper 2-favoring cytokine profile characterized by a low level of IL-12p70 and a high level of IL-6 as compared to Nrf2(+/+) DC. Adoptive transfer of OVA/UFP-treated Nrf2(-/-) DC provoked a more severe allergic inflammation in the lung than Nrf2(+/+) DC in the same treatment group. We conclude that Nrf2 deficiency in DC may promote a constitutive immune-polarizing cytokine milieu, which we propose may have contributed to the augmented adjuvant effect of UFP on allergic sensitization. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Li, Ning] Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Li, Ning; Wang, Meiying; Barajas, Berenice; Nel, Andre E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Div Nanomed, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Sioutas, Constantinos] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Williams, Marc A.] US Environm Protect Agcy, NHEERL, Cardiopulmonary & lmmunotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Li, N (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol & Diagnost Invest, 1129 Farm Lane-B43, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lining3@msu.edu RI Nel, Andre/J-2808-2012 FU NIH [U19 AI-070453]; US EPA STAR [RD-83241301]; EPA [EPA-G2006-STAR-Q1]; Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center Pilot Project [H44764]; AQMD Board of Southern California Particle Center FX This study was supported by NIH Grants U19 AI-070453, US EPA STAR Award RD-83241301, EPA grant EPA-G2006-STAR-Q1, Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center Pilot Project Grant H44764 and funding from the AQMD Board of Southern California Particle Center. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1662-811X EI 1662-8128 J9 J INNATE IMMUN JI J. Innate Immun. PY 2013 VL 5 IS 6 BP 543 EP 554 DI 10.1159/000347060 PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 252ZW UT WOS:000327052400002 PM 23595026 ER PT B AU Lens, P Virkutyte, J Jegatheesan, V Kim, SH Al-Abed, S AF Lens, Piet Virkutyte, Jurate Jegatheesan, Veeriah Kim, Seung-Hyun Al-Abed, Souhail BA Lens, PNL Virkutyte, J Jegatheesan, V Kim, SH AlAbed, S BF Lens, PNL Virkutyte, J Jegatheesan, V Kim, SH AlAbed, S TI Nanotechnology for Water and Wastewater Treatment Preface SO NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT SE Integrated Environmental Technology Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lens, Piet] UNESCO IHE, Dept Environm Engn & Water Technol, NL-2611 AX Delft, Netherlands. [Virkutyte, Jurate] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45216 USA. [Virkutyte, Jurate] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab NRMRL, EPA Ctr Hill Facil, Cincinnati, OH 45216 USA. [Jegatheesan, Veeriah] Deakin Univ, Sch Engn, Waurn Ponds, Vic 3216, Australia. [Al-Abed, Souhail] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lens, P (reprint author), UNESCO IHE, Dept Environm Engn & Water Technol, Westvest 7, NL-2611 AX Delft, Netherlands. EM P.Lens@unesco-ihe.org; Virkutyte.Jurate@epa.gov; jega.j@deakin.edu.au; al-abed.souhail@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H 0QS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-78040-459-2; 978-1-78040-458-5 J9 INTEG ENVIR TECH SER PY 2013 BP XVII EP XIX PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BHX91 UT WOS:000326965800001 ER PT B AU Canas, JE Shrestha, B Li, S AF Canas, J. E. Shrestha, B. Li, S. BA Lens, PNL Virkutyte, J Jegatheesan, V Kim, SH AlAbed, S BF Lens, PNL Virkutyte, J Jegatheesan, V Kim, SH AlAbed, S TI Environmental and human health effects of nanomaterials used in water and waste water treatment SO NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT SE Integrated Environmental Technology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS; ETHYLENE DIAMINE CORE; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATIVE STRESS C1 [Canas, J. E.; Shrestha, B.] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Li, S.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Canas, JE (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, POB 41163, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM shrestha.babina@epa.gov NR 216 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H 0QS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-78040-459-2; 978-1-78040-458-5 J9 INTEG ENVIR TECH SER PY 2013 BP 27 EP 58 PG 32 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BHX91 UT WOS:000326965800003 ER PT B AU Shrestha, U Jegatheesan, V Shu, L Virkutyte, J AF Shrestha, U. Jegatheesan, V. Shu, L. Virkutyte, J. BA Lens, PNL Virkutyte, J Jegatheesan, V Kim, SH AlAbed, S BF Lens, PNL Virkutyte, J Jegatheesan, V Kim, SH AlAbed, S TI Mobility, fate and toxicity of nanomaterials/nanoparticles in water and wastewater SO NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT SE Integrated Environmental Technology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; MANUFACTURED NANOPARTICLES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; EXPOSURE DATA; NANOMATERIALS; SILVER; RISK; ENVIRONMENT; TIO2 C1 [Shrestha, U.; Jegatheesan, V.; Shu, L.] Deakin Univ, Sch Engn, Waurn Ponds, Vic 3216, Australia. [Virkutyte, J.] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45216 USA. [Virkutyte, J.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab NRMRL, EPA Ctr Hill Facil, Cincinnati, OH 45216 USA. RP Shrestha, U (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Sch Engn, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus,75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, Vic 3216, Australia. EM mailujjwal93@yahoo.com; jega.j@deakin.edu.au; l.shu@deakin.edu.au; Virkutyte.Jurate@epa.gov NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H 0QS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-78040-459-2; 978-1-78040-458-5 J9 INTEG ENVIR TECH SER PY 2013 BP 127 EP 152 PG 26 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BHX91 UT WOS:000326965800006 ER PT B AU Choi, H Nfodzo, P Al-Abed, SR Agarwal, S Dionysiou, DD AF Choi, H. Nfodzo, P. Al-Abed, S. R. Agarwal, S. Dionysiou, D. D. BA Lens, PNL Virkutyte, J Jegatheesan, V Kim, SH AlAbed, S BF Lens, PNL Virkutyte, J Jegatheesan, V Kim, SH AlAbed, S TI Activated carbon-supported palladized iron nanoparticles: applications to contaminated site remediation SO NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT SE Integrated Environmental Technology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; GROUNDWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ZEROVALENT IRON; GRANULAR IRON; TCE DECHLORINATION; BIMETALLIC SYSTEM; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PCBS; PARTICLES C1 [Choi, H.; Nfodzo, P.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Al-Abed, S. R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Dionysiou, D. D.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Choi, H (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM hchoi@uta.edu; al-abed.souhail@epa.gov; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H 0QS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-78040-459-2; 978-1-78040-458-5 J9 INTEG ENVIR TECH SER PY 2013 BP 231 EP 258 PG 28 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BHX91 UT WOS:000326965800011 ER PT B AU Virkutyte, J Varma, RS AF Virkutyte, J. Varma, R. S. BA Lens, PNL Virkutyte, J Jegatheesan, V Kim, SH AlAbed, S BF Lens, PNL Virkutyte, J Jegatheesan, V Kim, SH AlAbed, S TI Green synthesis of nanoparticles and nanomaterials SO NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT SE Integrated Environmental Technology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SILVER NANOPARTICLES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; COFE2O4 NANOPARTICLES; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; CATALYTIC BEHAVIOR; BIOGENIC SYNTHESIS C1 [Virkutyte, J.] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45216 USA. [Virkutyte, J.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab NRMRL, EPA Ctr Hill Facil, Cincinnati, OH 45216 USA. [Varma, R. S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Virkutyte, J (reprint author), Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, 5995 Ctr Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45216 USA. EM Virkutyte.Jurate@epa.gov; varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 112 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H 0QS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-78040-459-2; 978-1-78040-458-5 J9 INTEG ENVIR TECH SER PY 2013 BP 375 EP 408 PG 34 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BHX91 UT WOS:000326965800018 ER PT S AU Fare, R Grosskopf, S Pasurka, C Martins, C AF Faere, Rolf Grosskopf, Shawna Pasurka, Carl Martins-Filho, Carlos BE Rausser, GC TI On Nonparametric Estimation: With a Focus on Agriculture SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF RESOURCE ECONOMICS, VOL 5 SE Annual Review of Resource Economics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE data envelopment analysis; DEA; efficiency; productivity; linear programming ID DIRECTIONAL DISTANCE FUNCTIONS; TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY; PRODUCTIVITY; MODEL AB We review nonparametric estimation of efficiency and productivity, by which we mainly mean activity analysis, or data envelopment analysis (DEA). The review covers topics that we hope will be of special interest to those doing research in the realm of agriculture. We also include a brief appendix addressing nonparametric estimation from an econometric perspective. C1 [Faere, Rolf; Grosskopf, Shawna] Oregon State Univ, Dept Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Faere, Rolf] Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pasurka, Carl] US EPA, Off Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Martins-Filho, Carlos] Univ Colorado, Dept Econ, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martins-Filho, Carlos] IFPRI, Markets Trade & Inst Div, Washington, DC 20006 USA. RP Fare, R (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rolf.fare@orst.edu; shawna.grosskopf@orst.edu; Pasurka.Carl@epa.gov; Carlos.Martins@colorado.edu RI Pasurka, Carl/H-8996-2016; OI Pasurka, Carl/0000-0001-9846-1507; MARTINS-FILHO, CARLOS/0000-0002-1477-3122 NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1941-1340 BN 978-0-8243-4705-5 J9 ANNU REV RESOUR ECON JI Annu. Rev. Resour. Econ PY 2013 VL 5 BP 93 EP 110 DI 10.1146/annurev-resource-110811-114534 PG 18 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BHU53 UT WOS:000326687100006 ER PT S AU Evans, DA Woodward, RT AF Evans, David A. Woodward, Richard T. BE Rausser, GC TI What Can We Learn from the End of the Grand Policy Experiment? The Collapse of the National SO2 Trading Program and Implications for Tradable Permits as a Policy Instrument SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF RESOURCE ECONOMICS, VOL 5 SE Annual Review of Resource Economics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE sulfur dioxide; Title IV; emissions trading; NAAQS; cap and trade ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; CLEAN-AIR ACT; TRANSFERABLE DISCHARGE PERMITS; MARKETABLE POLLUTION PERMITS; ACID-RAIN EXTERNALITIES; ALLOWANCE MARKET; UNITED-STATES; BENEFITS; AMENDMENTS; MORTALITY AB The 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act created a trading program in sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions that has served as the seminal example of how an emissions trading program could be designed. Yet despite its success, the trading program was essentially brought to an end by a series of regulatory and judicial actions. We begin with a brief discussion of the theoretical and historical antecedents to the SO2 trading program. We then describe the events that led to the program's effective end in 2011. We argue that the SO2 trading program had two key vulnerabilities: SO2 emissions cause multiple environmental impacts, some with local consequences, and internal conflicts within the Clean Air Act. Because of these vulnerabilities, in the end, the program was unsustainable. We close with a discussion of the lessons that can be drawn from this history for future emissions trading programs. C1 [Evans, David A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Woodward, Richard T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Evans, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM evans.davida@epa.gov; r-woodward@tamu.edu NR 130 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 26 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1941-1340 BN 978-0-8243-4705-5 J9 ANNU REV RESOUR ECON JI Annu. Rev. Resour. Econ PY 2013 VL 5 BP 325 EP 348 DI 10.1146/annurev-resource-091912-151835 PG 24 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BHU53 UT WOS:000326687100018 ER PT J AU de la Cruz, AA Hiskia, A Kaloudis, T Chernoff, N Hill, D Antoniou, MG He, XX Loftin, K O'Shea, K Zhao, C Pelaez, M Han, C Lynch, TJ Dionysiou, DD AF de la Cruz, Armah A. Hiskia, Anastasia Kaloudis, Triantafyllos Chernoff, Neil Hill, Donna Antoniou, Maria G. He, Xuexiang Loftin, Keith O'Shea, Kevin Zhao, Cen Pelaez, Miguel Han, Changseok Lynch, Trevor J. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI A review on cylindrospermopsin: the global occurrence, detection, toxicity and degradation of a potent cyanotoxin SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Review ID CYANOBACTERIAL TOXIN CYLINDROSPERMOPSIN; DRINKING-WATER TREATMENT; 2 GERMAN LAKES; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS INHIBITION; PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS; POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON; PORTUGUESE FRESH-WATERS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ISLAND MYSTERY DISEASE; GREEN-ALGAL TOXIN AB Cylindrospermopsin is an important cyanobacterial toxin found in water bodies worldwide. The ever-increasing and global occurrence of massive and prolonged blooms of cylindrospermopsin-producing cyanobacteria poses a potential threat to both human and ecosystem health. Its toxicity is associated with metabolic activation and may involve mechanisms that adversely affect a wide variety of targets in an organism. Cylindrospermopsin has been shown to be cytotoxic, dermatotoxic, genotoxic, hepatotoxic in vivo, developmentally toxic, and may be carcinogenic. Human exposure may occur through drinking water, during recreational activities and by consuming foods in which the toxin may have bioaccumulated. Drinking water shortages of sufficient quality coupled with growing human pressures and climate variability and change necessitate an integrated and sustainable water management program. This review presents an overview of the importance of cylindrospermopsin, its detection, toxicity, worldwide distribution, and lastly, its chemical and biological degradation and removal by natural processes and drinking water treatment processes. C1 [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hiskia, Anastasia] Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Lab Catalyt Photocatalyt Proc Solar Energy Enviro, Athens 15310, Greece. [Kaloudis, Triantafyllos] Athens Water Supply & Sewerage Co EYDAP SA, Aharnon WTP, Organ Micropollutants Lab Qual Control, Menidi 13674, Greece. [Chernoff, Neil; Hill, Donna] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Antoniou, Maria G.] Cyprus Univ Technol, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, Nicosia, Cyprus. [He, Xuexiang; Pelaez, Miguel; Han, Changseok; Lynch, Trevor J.; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Loftin, Keith] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS USA. [O'Shea, Kevin; Zhao, Cen] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cyprus, Nireas Int Water Res Ctr, CY-20537 Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu RI He, Xuexiang/D-7564-2017; OI Kaloudis, Triantafyllos/0000-0003-1909-0256; Antoniou, Maria G./0000-0003-0738-6068 FU Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation through Desmi; Republic of Cyprus; European Regional Development Fund of the EU [NEA IPODOMI/STRATH/0308/09]; NSF Collaborative Research (US-Ireland) [CBET-1033317]; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; CUT FX This work was partially funded by the Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation through Desmi 2009-2010 which was co-funded by the Republic of Cyprus and the European Regional Development Fund of the EU under contract number NEA IPODOMI/STRATH/0308/09. This work was also partially funded by a NSF Collaborative Research (US-Ireland) (CBET-1033317) to Drs. Dionysiou and O'Shea. Funding for Dr. Keith Loftin was provided by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Funding for Dr. Maria G. Antoniou was provided by CUT through a start-up package. The authors would like to acknowledge - COST Action ES 1105 CYANOCOST - Cyanobacterial blooms and toxins in water resources: Occurrence, impacts and management. NR 233 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 9 U2 93 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2013 VL 15 IS 11 BP 1979 EP 2003 DI 10.1039/c3em00353a PG 25 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 242LT UT WOS:000326244100001 PM 24056894 ER PT S AU Davis, M Boekelheide, K Boverhof, DR Eichenbaum, G Hartung, T Holsapple, MP Jones, TW Richard, AM Watkins, PB AF Davis, Myrtle Boekelheide, Kim Boverhof, Darrell R. Eichenbaum, Gary Hartung, Thomas Holsapple, Michael P. Jones, Thomas W. Richard, Ann M. Watkins, Paul B. GP Annals NY Acad Sci TI The new revolution in toxicology: The good, the bad, and the ugly SO ANNALS MEETING REPORTS SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article DE toxicology; pharmaceuticals; testing ID PRECLINICAL SAFETY EVALUATION; FETAL TESTIS XENOGRAFTS; LYMPH-NODE ASSAY; IN-VITRO; GENE-EXPRESSION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PREDICTIVE TOXICOLOGY; ANTICANCER DRUGS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; TOXICITY AB In 2007, the United States National Academy of Sciences issued a report entitled Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy. The report reviewed the state of the science and outlined a strategy for the future of toxicity testing. One of the more significant components of the vision established by the report was an emphasis on toxicity testing in human rather than animal systems. In the context of drug development, it is critical that the tools used to accomplish this strategy are maximally capable of evaluating human risk. Since 2007, many advances toward implementation of this vision have been achieved, particularly with regard to safety assessment of new chemical entities intended for pharmaceutical use. C1 [Davis, Myrtle] NCI, NIH Bethesda, Div Canc Treatment & Diag, Toxicol & Pharmacol Branch,Dev Therapeut Program, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Boekelheide, Kim] Brown Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Boverhof, Darrell R.] Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Eichenbaum, Gary] Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceut R&D LLC, Dept Drug Safety Sci, Raritan, NJ USA. [Hartung, Thomas] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. [Holsapple, Michael P.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Jones, Thomas W.] Eli Lilly & Co, Dept Toxicol & Pathol, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. [Richard, Ann M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Watkins, Paul B.] Hamner Univ North Carolina, Inst Drug Safety Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Davis, M (reprint author), NCI, NIH Bethesda, Div Canc Treatment & Diag, Toxicol & Pharmacol Branch,Dev Therapeut Program, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM davismillinm@mail.nih.gov OI Eichenbaum, Gary/0000-0002-2318-6042 NR 59 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2013 VL 1278 BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.1111/nyas.12086 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHO53 UT WOS:000326100700002 PM 23488558 ER PT J AU Mage, DT AF Mage, David T. TI EVIDENCE OF A WARMING TREND IN THE CONTINENTAL US SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article AB The North America Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) reports Daily Maximum Atmospheric Surface Air Temperatures (2 meters above ground level) for the entire contiguous United States for years 1979 to 2010. This contiguous area is completely divided into 52,314 cells of 14 km x 14 km and the daily maximum temperature at the centroid of each cell is computed by algorithm from the surface measurements of maximal air temperatures. The annual average of these more than 19 million daily maxima represents the average maximum temperature value for the entire contiguous U.S. in that year. A plot of these 32 annual average maximum temperatures shows that this measure of temperature is increasing with time according to the relation that average Tmaximum degrees F = (0.0555 degrees F/year) Year - 48.26 degrees F. Thus in the 32 years of record, 1979-2010, the U.S. average maximum daily temperature has increased by approximately 1.8 degrees F or 1 degrees C. C1 [Mage, David T.] US EPA, Newark, DE 19711 USA. EM magedonner@aol.com NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 0958-305X J9 ENERG ENVIRON-UK JI Energy Environ. PY 2013 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1027 EP 1029 PG 3 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 240XC UT WOS:000326130000009 ER PT J AU Huang, LZ Fang, LP Hassenkam, T Dalby, KN Scheckel, KG Hansen, HCB AF Huang, Li-Zhi Fang, Liping Hassenkam, Tue Dalby, Kim N. Scheckel, Kirk G. Hansen, Hans Christian B. TI A one-step delamination procedure to form single sheet iron(III)-(oxy)hydroxides SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES; POSITIVELY CHARGED NANOSHEETS; MANGANESE OXIDE NANOSHEETS; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; GREEN RUST; FE3O4 NANOSHEETS; IRON-OXIDES; CRYSTALLITES; EXFOLIATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The dispersion of a layered iron(III)-(oxy)hydroxide intercalated with dodecanoate (oxGR(C12), (Fe3O2.18)-O-III(OH)(3.13)(C12H23O2)(0.56)(SO4)(0.47); derived from the corresponding layered iron(II)-iron(III)hydroxide) in 0.1 M sodium hydroxide results in delamination of oxGR(C12) with formation of separate planar layers of iron(III)-(oxy)hydroxides, here termed single sheet iron-(oxy)hydroxides (SSI). Delamination is confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals the removal of dodecanoate from the parent compound. Atomic force microscopy shows that SSI has a thickness of 1 nm and the lateral size ranging from 100 to 200 nm. The observed thickness of SSI is double the thickness of the iron(III)-(oxy)hydroxide layers (0.48 nm) which is attributed to water layers adsorbed on both sides of SSI. The SSI shows a high tendency to aggregate. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction confirm that SSI inherits the in-plane crystal structure from its parent layered compound. Both the hyperfine parameters and the X-ray absorption spectrum show a similar local iron coordination in SSI before and after delamination. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra also show that the FeO6 octahedron has expanded to some extent (1-2%) after delamination. O1s X-ray photoelectron spectra of SSI reveal extensive deprotonation of hydroxyl groups in SSI, reflecting a layer charge reversal during delamination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on planar 2D nanosheets of iron-(oxy)hydroxide with the thickness of 1 nm. C1 [Huang, Li-Zhi; Fang, Liping; Hansen, Hans Christian B.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Fang, Liping] Sinodanish Ctr Educ & Res SDC, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hassenkam, Tue; Dalby, Kim N.] Univ Copenhagen, Nanosci Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Huang, LZ (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. EM lizhi@life.ku.dk RI Hansen, Hans Christian/M-9652-2013; Dalby, Kim/J-8407-2012; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Hassenkam, Tue/B-8391-2015; OI Hansen, Hans Christian/0000-0002-8617-2393; Dalby, Kim/0000-0001-6048-3583; Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 FU Danish Research Council FX The authors thank Christian Bender Koch for the Mossbauer spectroscopic measurements. We thank Professor Dr Enzo Lombi, Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, for his help with the EXAFS measurements. We also thank Professor Dr Christian Ruby, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie, Universite de Lorraine, for his assistance with the SAED. This work was supported by the Danish Research Council. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 53 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2013 VL 1 IS 43 BP 13664 EP 13671 DI 10.1039/c3ta12495a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 238ZU UT WOS:000325991700038 ER PT J AU Sarwar, G Godowitch, J Henderson, BH Fahey, K Pouliot, G Hutzell, WT Mathur, R Kang, D Goliff, WS Stockwell, WR AF Sarwar, G. Godowitch, J. Henderson, B. H. Fahey, K. Pouliot, G. Hutzell, W. T. Mathur, R. Kang, D. Goliff, W. S. Stockwell, W. R. TI A comparison of atmospheric composition using the Carbon Bond and Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanisms SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; ACID DEPOSITION MODEL; PHOTOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS; CHEMICAL MECHANISMS; OZONE; PREDICTIONS; SULFATE; URBAN; US AB We incorporate the recently developed Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (version 2, RACM2) into the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system for comparison with the existing 2005 Carbon Bond mechanism with updated toluene chemistry (CB05TU). Compared to CB05TU, RACM2 enhances the domain-wide monthly mean hydroxyl radical concentrations by 46% and nitric acid by 26 %. However, it reduces hydrogen peroxide by 2 %, peroxyacetic acid by 94 %, methyl hydrogen peroxide by 19 %, peroxyacetyl nitrate by 40 %, and organic nitrate by 41 %. RACM2 enhances ozone compared to CB05TU at all ambient levels. Although it exhibited greater overestimates at lower observed concentrations, it displayed an improved performance at higher observed concentrations. The RACM2 ozone predictions are also supported by increased ozone production efficiency that agrees better with observations. Compared to CB05TU, RACM2 enhances the domainwide monthly mean sulfate by 10 %, nitrate by 6 %, ammonium by 10 %, anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols by 42 %, biogenic secondary organic aerosols by 5 %, and in-cloud secondary organic aerosols by 7 %. Increased inorganic and organic aerosols with RACM2 agree better with observed data. Any air pollution control strategies developed using the two mechanisms do not differ appreciably. C1 [Sarwar, G.; Godowitch, J.; Fahey, K.; Pouliot, G.; Hutzell, W. T.; Mathur, R.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Henderson, B. H.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kang, D.] Comp Sci Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Goliff, W. S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Stockwell, W. R.] Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Sarwar, G (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sarwar.golam@epa.gov OI Henderson, Barron/0000-0002-6755-3051; Stockwell, William/0000-0002-7509-6575 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through Howard University's NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Howard University Beltsville Center for Climate System Observation FX Although this paper has been reviewed by the EPA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect the EPA's policies or views. W. R. Stockwell thanks the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for support through Howard University's NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration support through the Howard University Beltsville Center for Climate System Observation. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 19 BP 9695 EP 9712 DI 10.5194/acp-13-9695-2013 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 234OY UT WOS:000325654900002 ER PT J AU Knaack, JS Pittman, CT Wooten, JV Jacob, JT Magnuson, M Silvestri, E Johnson, RC AF Knaack, Jennifer S. Pittman, Christopher T. Wooten, Joe V. Jacob, Justin T. Magnuson, Matthew Silvestri, Erin Johnson, Rudolph C. TI Stability of ricinine, abrine, and alpha-amanitin in finished tap water SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY-ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALKALOID MARKER; BETA-AMANITIN; URINE SAMPLES; TOXINS; QUANTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE AB Ricinine and abrine are potential indicators of drinking water contamination by ricin and abrin, respectively. Simultaneous detection of ricinine and abrine, along with alpha-amanitin, another potential biotoxin water contaminant, is reportable through the use of automated sample preparation via solid phase extraction and detection using liquid chromatography/tandem-mass spectrometry. Performance of the method was characterized over eight analytical batches with quality control samples analyzed over 10 days. For solutions of analytes prepared with appropriate preservatives, the minimum reporting level (MRL) was 0.50 mu g L-1 for ricinine and abrine and 2.0 mu g L-1 for alpha-amanitin. Among the analytes, the accuracy of the analysis ranged between 93 and 100% at concentrations of 1-2.5x the MRL, with analytical precision ranging from 4 to 8%. Five drinking waters representing a range of water quality parameters and disinfection practices were fortified with the analytes and analyzed over a 28 day period to determine their storage stability in these waters. The analytical signal from ricinine was observed to be stable for 28 days after being spiked into all tap waters investigated. The analytical signal for abrine and alpha-amanitin decreased within 5 h after these analytes were spiked into some drinking waters, but afterwards, remained stable for 28 days. The magnitude of the decrease correlated with common water quality parameters potentially related to sorption of contaminants onto dissolved and colloidal components within the particular water. Even with the decrease, the detectability offered by the method may be 100-1000 times greater than potential toxicological benchmarks, suggesting the utility of the method for all three analytes, with additional quality control precautions for abrine and alpha-amanitin. C1 [Knaack, Jennifer S.; Pittman, Christopher T.; Wooten, Joe V.; Johnson, Rudolph C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Jacob, Justin T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Magnuson, Matthew; Silvestri, Erin] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-44, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RJohnson6@cdc.gov NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 EI 1759-9679 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2013 VL 5 IS 20 BP 5804 EP 5811 DI 10.1039/c3ay40304a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA 224XZ UT WOS:000324927300063 ER PT J AU Pelaez, M Baruwati, B Varma, RS Luque, R Dionysiou, DD AF Pelaez, Miguel Baruwati, Babita Varma, Rajender S. Luque, Rafael Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Microcystin-LR removal from aqueous solutions using a magnetically separable N-doped TiO2 nanocomposite under visible light irradiation SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOCATALYSIS; WATER; TRANSFORMATION; NANOPARTICLES; DESTRUCTION AB The performance of magnetically separable N-doped TiO2 was found to be significantly improved when compared with non-magnetic N-doped TiO2 for the removal of cyanotoxin microcystin-LR from aqueous medium. The observed enhanced photocatalytic activity may be related to the presence of ferrite nanoparticles in the composition of the magnetically separable composite N-doped TiO2. C1 [Pelaez, Miguel; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Baruwati, Babita; Varma, Rajender S.] US Environm Protect Agcy EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Luque, Rafael] Univ Cordoba, Dept Quim Organ, E-14014 Cordoba, Spain. RP Luque, R (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Dept Quim Organ, Edif Marie Curie,Ctra Nnal 4A,Km 396, E-14014 Cordoba, Spain. EM q62alsor@uco.es; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu RI Luque, Rafael/F-9853-2010 OI Luque, Rafael/0000-0003-4190-1916 FU MICINN [RYC-2009-04199, CTQ2011-28954-C02-02]; ORISE; US National Science Foundation [CBET 1033317, CBET 1236331] FX RL gratefully acknowledges MICINN for the concession of a Ramon y Cajal contract (RYC-2009-04199) as well as for funding under project CTQ2011-28954-C02-02. BB was supported, in part, by ORISE through an interagency agreement between US DOE and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). D. D. Dionysiou acknowledges funding from the US National Science Foundation (CBET 1033317; CBET 1236331). NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 43 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2013 VL 49 IS 86 BP 10118 EP 10120 DI 10.1039/c3cc44415e PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 234KL UT WOS:000325642400020 PM 24045651 ER PT J AU Piletic, IR Edney, EO Bartolotti, LJ AF Piletic, Ivan R. Edney, Edward O. Bartolotti, Libero J. TI A computational study of acid catalyzed aerosol reactions of atmospherically relevant epoxides SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SUBSTITUTED ETHYLENE OXIDES; IMPLICIT SOLVATION MODELS; MINIMUM ENERGY PATHS; ELASTIC BAND METHOD; ISOPRENE PHOTOOXIDATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SADDLE-POINTS; HYDROLYSIS; KINETICS AB Epoxides are important intermediates of atmospheric isoprene oxidation. Their subsequent reactions in the particle phase lead to the production of organic compounds detected in ambient aerosols. We apply density functional theory to determine the important kinetic factors that drive epoxide reactions in the particle phase. Specifically, the importance of acid catalysis and solvent polarity are investigated using a variety of epoxides and nucleophiles. The condensed phase is modeled using molecular clusters immersed in a dielectric continuum and a majority of the calculations are performed with the M062x density functional and the 6-311++G** basis set. Calculations of acid catalyzed epoxide hydrolysis transition states for simple primary, secondary and tertiary epoxides are consistent with an A-2 mechanism where the nucleophile (water) interacts with an epoxide carbon in the transition state. By applying transition state theory to this mechanism, the overall rate constants of epoxide reactions such as hydrolysis, organosulfate formation, organonitrate formation and oligomerization are determined. The calculations indicate that the acid catalyzed hydrolysis rate constant of 2-methyl-2,3-epoxybutane-1,4- diol (beta-IEPOX - an isoprene epoxide produced under low NOx conditions) is approximately 30 times greater than 2-methyl-2,3-epoxypropanoic acid (MAE - methacrylic acid epoxide derived from isoprene and produced at high NOx concentrations). Furthermore, acid catalyzed organosulfate formation and epoxide oligomerization reactions are competitive and appear to be kinetically favorable over the hydrolysis of IEPOX. C1 [Piletic, Ivan R.; Edney, Edward O.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bartolotti, Libero J.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Chem, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Piletic, IR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM piletic.ivan@epa.gov NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 42 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 41 BP 18065 EP 18076 DI 10.1039/c3cp52851k PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 231FM UT WOS:000325400600040 PM 24061334 ER PT J AU Hand, JL Schichtel, BA Malm, WC Frank, NH AF Hand, J. L. Schichtel, B. A. Malm, W. C. Frank, N. H. TI Spatial and Temporal Trends in PM2.5 Organic and Elemental Carbon across the United States SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM NETWORKS; PARTICULATE MATTER; FINE-PARTICLE; AIR-QUALITY; SAMPLING ARTIFACTS; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; REGIONAL HAZE; OC/EC RATIOS; BLACK CARBON; AEROSOLS AB The rural/remote IMPROVE network (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) and the Environmental Protection Agency's urban Chemical Speciation Network have measured PM2.5 organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) since 1989 and 2000, respectively. We aggregated OC and EC data from 2007 to 2010 at over 300 sites from both networks in order to characterize the spatial and seasonal patterns in rural and urban carbonaceous aerosols. The spatial extent of OC and EC was more regional in the eastern United States relative to more localized concentrations in the West. The highest urban impacts of OC and EC relative to background concentrations occurred in the West during fall and winter. Urban and rural carbonaceous aerosols experienced a large (although opposite) range in seasonality in the West compared to a much lower seasonal variability in the East. Long-term (1990-2010) trend analyses indicated a widespread decrease in rural TC (TC = OC + EC) across the country, with positive, though insignificant, trends in the summer and fall in the West. Short-term trends indicated that urban and rural TC concentrations have both decreased since 2000, with the strongest and more spatially homogeneous urban and rural trends in the West relative to the East. C1 [Hand, J. L.; Malm, W. C.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schichtel, B. A.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Frank, N. H.] US EPA, Air Qual Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hand, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jlhand@colostate.edu RI Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015 FU National Park Service [H2370094000] FX This work was funded by the National Park Service under Contract no. H2370094000. The assumptions, findings, conclusions, judgments, and views presented herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the National Park Service policies. NR 63 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 10 U2 71 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2013 AR 367674 DI 10.1155/2013/367674 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 221ZK UT WOS:000324699400001 ER PT J AU Flechard, CR Massad, RS Loubet, B Personne, E Simpson, D Bash, JO Cooter, EJ Nemitz, E Sutton, MA AF Flechard, C. R. Massad, R-S Loubet, B. Personne, E. Simpson, D. Bash, J. O. Cooter, E. J. Nemitz, E. Sutton, M. A. TI Advances in understanding, models and parameterizations of biosphere-atmosphere ammonia exchange SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVELY MANAGED GRASSLAND; STOMATAL COMPENSATION POINT; MICROMETEOROLOGICAL FLUX MEASUREMENTS; GRAMINAE INTEGRATED EXPERIMENT; REACTIVE NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS; RELAXED EDDY ACCUMULATION; GAS-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS; FERTILIZED CUT GRASSLAND; GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; AIR-QUALITY MODELS AB Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) dominates global emissions of total reactive nitrogen (N-r), while emissions from agricultural production systems contribute about two-thirds of global NH3 emissions; the remaining third emanates from oceans, natural vegetation, humans, wild animals and biomass burning. On land, NH3 emitted from the various sources eventually returns to the biosphere by dry deposition to sink areas, predominantly semi-natural vegetation, and by wet and dry deposition as ammonium (NH4+) to all surfaces. However, the land/atmosphere exchange of gaseous NH3 is in fact bi-directional over unfertilized as well as fertilized ecosystems, with periods and areas of emission and deposition alternating in time (diurnal, seasonal) and space (patchwork landscapes). The exchange is controlled by a range of environmental factors, including meteorology, surface layer turbulence, thermodynamics, air and surface heterogeneous-phase chemistry, canopy geometry, plant development stage, leaf age, organic matter decomposition, soil microbial turnover, and, in agricultural systems, by fertilizer application rate, fertilizer type, soil type, crop type, and agricultural management practices. We review the range of processes controlling NH3 emission and uptake in the different parts of the soil-canopy-atmosphere continuum, with NH3 emission potentials defined at the substrate and leaf levels by different [NH4+] / [H+] ratios (0). C1 [Flechard, C. R.] INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Sol Agrohydrosyst Spatialisat UMR1069, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Massad, R-S; Loubet, B.; Personne, E.] INRA, UMR1091, AgroParisTech Environm & Grandes Cultures, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. [Simpson, D.] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Bash, J. O.; Cooter, E. J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nemitz, E.; Sutton, M. A.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol CEH, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Flechard, CR (reprint author), INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Sol Agrohydrosyst Spatialisat UMR1069, F-35042 Rennes, France. EM chris.flechard@rennes.inra.fr RI Simpson, David/A-3313-2009; UMR SAS, INRA/L-1751-2013; UMR SAS, Agrohydrologie/D-3726-2012; Bash, Jesse/E-9688-2013; Nemitz, Eiko/I-6121-2012; Flechard, Chris/E-6567-2010; OI Simpson, David/0000-0001-9538-3208; Nemitz, Eiko/0000-0002-1765-6298; Bash, Jesse/0000-0001-8736-0102 FU "Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosystems" (ECLAIRE); EC [282910, FP7-ENV-2010-265148]; COST Action [ES0804]; project "Pan-European Gas-AeroSOl-climate interaction Study" (PEGASOS); UK National Environment Research Council and Centre for Ecology and Hydrology through National Capacity funding FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the project "Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosystems" (ECLAIRE), funded under the EC 7th Framework Programme (Grant Agreement No. 282910), from the COST Action ES0804 "Advancing the integrated monitoring of trace gas exchange between biosphere and atmosphere" (ABBA), and from the project "Pan-European Gas-AeroSOl-climate interaction Study" (PEGASOS) funded under the EC 7th Framework Programme (FP7-ENV-2010-265148). We are thankful to the UK National Environment Research Council and Centre for Ecology and Hydrology for underpinning input through National Capacity funding and contributing to open access page charges. This review paper was originally written as a background document in preparation for the international workshop "From process scale to global scale: integrating our knowledge on biosphere atmosphere exchange modelling of trace gases and volatile aerosols", co-organised by INRA, AgroParisTech, ECLAIRE and COST action ES0804, and held in Paris, 25-27 September 2012. We are grateful to Albrecht Neftel for his comments on the manuscript. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 257 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 8 U2 100 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 7 BP 5183 EP 5225 DI 10.5194/bg-10-5183-2013 PG 43 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 220WH UT WOS:000324617300008 ER PT J AU Semmens, BX Ward, EJ Parnell, AC Phillips, DL Bearhop, S Inger, R Jackson, A Moore, JW AF Semmens, Brice X. Ward, Eric J. Parnell, Andrew C. Phillips, Donald L. Bearhop, Stuart Inger, Richard Jackson, Andrew Moore, Jonathan W. TI Statistical basis and outputs of stable isotope mixing models: Comment on Fry (2013) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Bayesian mixing model; SIAR; MixSIR; IsoSource ID PRIOR INFORMATION; UNCERTAINTY; TOO AB Fry (2013; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 472:1-13) reviewed approaches to solving underdetermined stable isotope mixing systems, and presented a novel approach based on graphical summaries. He inaccurately characterized the statistics and interpretation of outputs from IsoSource and more recent Bayesian mixing model tools (e. g. SIAR, MixSIR), however, and as an alternative promoted an approach-not based on likelihood methods-that uses graphing and 2 new metrics for tracking source contributions to a mixture. Fry's approach does not provide statistical probability densities associated with source contribution parameter estimates, has little applicability to complex mixing systems such as hierarchical models, and relies on the subjective interpretation of graphing products. We clarify the analytic theory underlying common mixing model approaches and provide an analysis of the 4-source, 2-tracer underdetermined mixing system example in Fry (2013), using both a Bayesian mixing model and Fry's graphical analysis and summary metrics. We demonstrate that properly interpreted Bayesian approaches yield distributions of parameter estimates that can reflect multi-modality, covariance and parameter uncertainty. C1 [Semmens, Brice X.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92039 USA. [Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Parnell, Andrew C.] Univ Coll Dublin, Complex & Adapt Syst Lab, Sch Math Sci Stat, Dublin, Ireland. [Phillips, Donald L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Bearhop, Stuart] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Exeter EX4 4SB, Devon, England. [Inger, Richard] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Environm & Sustainabil Inst, Exeter EX4 4SB, Devon, England. [Jackson, Andrew] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Zool, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Jackson, Andrew] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Ctr Biodivers Res, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Moore, Jonathan W.] Simon Fraser Univ, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Semmens, BX (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92039 USA. EM bsemmens@ucsd.edu RI Parnell, Andrew/C-7284-2014; Jackson, Andrew/D-3441-2009; Inger, Richard/D-3445-2009; OI Parnell, Andrew/0000-0001-7956-7939; Jackson, Andrew/0000-0001-7334-0434; Inger, Richard/0000-0003-1660-3706; Bearhop, Stuart/0000-0002-5864-0129 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 67 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 490 BP 285 EP 289 DI 10.3354/meps10535 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 219ZN UT WOS:000324550600022 ER PT J AU Ellis, RA Jacob, DJ Sulprizio, MP Zhang, L Holmes, CD Schichtel, BA Blett, T Porter, E Pardo, LH Lynch, JA AF Ellis, R. A. Jacob, D. J. Sulprizio, M. P. Zhang, L. Holmes, C. D. Schichtel, B. A. Blett, T. Porter, E. Pardo, L. H. Lynch, J. A. TI Present and future nitrogen deposition to national parks in the United States: critical load exceedances SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ADJOINT MODEL; AIR-QUALITY; EMISSIONS; AMMONIA; SULFUR; THRESHOLDS; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION AB National parks in the United States are protected areas wherein the natural habitat is to be conserved for future generations. Deposition of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) transported from areas of human activity (fuel combustion, agriculture) may affect these natural habitats if it exceeds an ecosystem-dependent critical load (CL). We quantify and interpret the deposition to Class I US national parks for present-day and future (2050) conditions using the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model with 1/2 degrees x 2/3 degrees horizontal resolution over North America. We estimate CL values in the range 2.5-5 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) for the different parks to protect the most sensitive ecosystem receptors. For present-day conditions, we find 24 out of 45 parks to be in CL exceedance and 14 more to be marginally so. Many of these are in remote areas of the West. Most (40-85 %) of the deposition originates from NOx emissions (fuel combustion). We project future changes in N deposition using representative concentration pathway (RCP) anthropogenic emission scenarios for 2050. These feature 52-73% declines in US NOx emissions relative to present but 19-50% increases in US ammonia (NH3) emissions. Nitrogen deposition at US national parks then becomes dominated by domestic NH3 emissions. While deposition decreases in the East relative to present, there is little progress in the West and increases in some regions. We find that 17-25 US national parks will have CL exceedances in 2050 based on the RCP8.5 and RCP2.6 scenarios. Even in total absence of anthropogenic NOx emissions, 14-18 parks would still have a CL exceedance. Returning all parks to N deposition below CL by 2050 would require at least a 50% decrease in US anthropogenic NH3 emissions relative to RCP-projected 2050 levels. C1 [Ellis, R. A.; Jacob, D. J.; Sulprizio, M. P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ellis, R. A.; Jacob, D. J.; Zhang, L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zhang, L.] Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Holmes, C. D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Schichtel, B. A.] Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Blett, T.; Porter, E.] Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Denver, CO USA. [Pardo, L. H.] Univ Vermont, Aiken Ctr, USDA, Forest Serv, Burlington, VT USA. [Lynch, J. A.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Jacob, DJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM djj@seas.harvard.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Holmes, Christopher/C-9956-2014; Zhang, Lin/H-9801-2014; Zhang, Lin/A-6729-2008 OI Holmes, Christopher/0000-0002-2727-0954; Zhang, Lin/0000-0003-2383-8431 FU NASA Applied Sciences Program as part of the Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST) FX This work was funded by the NASA Applied Sciences Program as part of the Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST). We thank Eladio Knipping (EPRI) for valuable comments. NR 51 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 56 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 17 BP 9083 EP 9095 DI 10.5194/acp-13-9083-2013 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 217YX UT WOS:000324400600032 ER PT J AU Pleil, JD Sobus, JR AF Pleil, Joachim D. Sobus, Jon R. BE Amann, A Smith, D TI Mathematical and Statistical Approaches for Interpreting Biomarker Compounds in Exhaled Human Breath SO VOLATILE BIOMARKERS: NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSIS IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER; EXPOSURE; MODEL; VOLUNTEERS; CHAMBER; BLOOD; MTBE C1 [Pleil, Joachim D.; Sobus, Jon R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pleil, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-62620-2 PY 2013 BP 3 EP 18 DI 10.1016/B978-0-44-462613-4.00001-5 PG 16 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Physiology SC General & Internal Medicine; Physiology GA BGU01 UT WOS:000324142500002 ER PT J AU Aron, JL Hall, RK Philbin, MJ Schafer, RJ AF Aron, Joan L. Hall, Robert K. Philbin, Michael J. Schafer, Robin J. TI Using watershed function as the leading indicator for water quality SO WATER POLICY LA English DT Article DE Clean Water Act; Ecosystem function; Indicator; Monitoring; Nonpoint source; Riparian; Sustainability; Upland; Water quality; Watershed ID CRITICAL SOURCE AREAS; FRAMEWORK; POLLUTION AB Diffuse nonpoint source (NPS) pollutants, such as sediment, nitrogen, phosphorus, and pathogens, have become the primary cause of water quality impairments in the United States of America. Resource management agencies in the USA are expanding the use of tools for the assessment of ecosystem function in water quality programs to control NPS pollution to meet US Clean Water Act objectives. Assessing the ecosystem function of upland and riparian areas provides the context for monitoring data that can improve the targeting of best management practices for NPS pollution, and be a leading (early) indicator for more timely decisions about aquatic habitat and water quality. Assessment of watershed function can be applied to prioritizing resources, developing indicators, monitoring aquatic habitat and water quality, and implementing adaptive management plans to restore degraded ecosystems that are producing NPS pollution. This paper presents three examples of progress in the institutionalization of this approach to water quality programs for sustainable and healthy watersheds that affect federal, state, tribal, and private landowners. Future work should refine the approach by evaluating the benefits, costs, and effectiveness of the use of watershed function in water quality programs. C1 [Aron, Joan L.] Aron Environm Consulting, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. [Hall, Robert K.] US Environm Protect Agcy Region IX, WTR2, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Philbin, Michael J.] US Dept Interior Bur Land Management, Montana Dakotas State Off, Billings, MT 59101 USA. [Schafer, Robin J.] US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, Ctr Program Anal, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Aron, JL (reprint author), Aron Environm Consulting, 5457 Marsh Hawk Way, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. EM joanaron@ymail.com NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1366-7017 J9 WATER POLICY JI Water Policy PY 2013 VL 15 IS 5 BP 850 EP 858 DI 10.2166/wp.2013.111 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 216TM UT WOS:000324307300011 ER PT J AU Rotroff, DM Dix, DJ Houck, KA Knudsen, TB Martin, MT McLaurin, KW Reif, DM Crofton, KM Singh, AV Xia, MH Huang, RL Judson, RS AF Rotroff, Daniel M. Dix, David J. Houck, Keith A. Knudsen, Thomas B. Martin, Matthew T. McLaurin, Keith W. Reif, David M. Crofton, Kevin M. Singh, Amar V. Xia, Menghang Huang, Ruili Judson, Richard S. TI Using in Vitro High Throughput Screening Assays to Identify Potential Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE androgen; endocrine; estrogen; high throughput; in vitro; ToxCast ID RAT UTEROTROPHIC BIOASSAY; PREGNANE X RECEPTOR; MALE WISTAR RATS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; THYROID-FUNCTION; OECD PROGRAM; PESTICIDES; CELLS; HORMONES AB BACKGROUND: Over the past 20 years, an increased focus on detecting environmental-chemicals that pose a risk of adverse effects due to endocrine disruption has driven the creation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP). Thousands of chemicals are subject to the EDSP; thus, processing these chemicals using current test batteries could require millions of dollars and decades. A need for increased throughput and efficiency motivated the development of methods using in vitro high throughput screening (HTS) assays to prioritize chemicals for EDSP Tier 1 screening (T1S). OBJECTIVE: In this study we used U. S. EPA ToxCast HTS assays for estrogen, androgen, steroidogenic, and thyroid-disrupting mechanisms to classify compounds and compare ToxCast results to in vitro and in vivo data from EDSP T1S assays. METHOD: We implemented an iterative model that optimized the ability of endocrine-related HTS assays to predict components of EDSP T1S and related results. Balanced accuracy was used as a measure of model performance. RESULTS: ToxCast estrogen receptor and androgen receptor assays predicted the results of relevant EDSP T1S assays with balanced accuracies of 0.91 (p < 0.001) and 0.92 (p < 0.001), respectively. Uterotrophic and Hershberger assay results were predicted with balanced accuracies of 0.89 (p < 0.001) and 1 (p < 0.001), respectively. Models for steroidogenic and thyroid-related effects could not be developed with the currently published ToxCast data. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, results suggest that current ToxCast assays can accurately identify chemicals with potential to interact with the estrogenic and androgenic pathways, and could help prioritize chemicals for EDSP T1S assays. C1 [Rotroff, Daniel M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Rotroff, Daniel M.; Dix, David J.; Houck, Keith A.; Knudsen, Thomas B.; Martin, Matthew T.; McLaurin, Keith W.; Reif, David M.; Judson, Richard S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Crofton, Kevin M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Singh, Amar V.] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Xia, Menghang; Huang, Ruili] NIH, Natl Ctr Adv Translat Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Judson, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr B205-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM judson.richard@epa.gov RI Singh, Amar/K-4400-2013; Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Singh, Amar/0000-0003-3780-8233; Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633; Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767 NR 63 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 66 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 121 IS 1 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1289/ehp.1205065 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 208SE UT WOS:000323698700018 PM 23052129 ER PT J AU Gamble, JL Hurley, BJ Schultz, PA Jaglom, WS Krishnan, N Harris, M AF Gamble, Janet L. Hurley, Bradford J. Schultz, Peter A. Jaglom, Wendy S. Krishnan, Nisha Harris, Melinda TI Climate Change and Older Americans: State of the Science SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE adaptation; climate change; elderly; global warming; older adults; resilience; risk assessment; susceptible populations; vulnerability ID EXTREME HEAT EVENTS; AIR-POLLUTION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; US CITIES; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; DISASTER; WAVE; IMPACT; RISK AB BACKGROUND: Older adults make up 13% of the U. S. population, but are projected to account for 20% by 2040. Coinciding with this demographic shift, the rate of climate change is accelerating, bringing rising temperatures; increased risk of floods, droughts, and wildfires; stronger tropical storms and hurricanes; rising sea levels; and other climate-related hazards. Older Americans are expected to be located in places that may be relatively more affected by climate change, including coastal zones and large metropolitan areas. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to assess the vulnerability of older Americans to climate change and to identify opportunities for adaptation. METHODS: We performed an extensive literature survey and summarized key findings related to demographics; climate stressors relevant to older adults; factors contributing to exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity; and adaptation strategies. DISCUSSION: A range of physiological and socioeconomic factors make older adults especially sensitive to and/or at risk for exposure to heat waves and other extreme weather events (e. g., hurricanes, floods, droughts), poor air quality, and infectious diseases. Climate change may increase the frequency or severity of these events. CONCLUSIONS: Older Americans are likely to be especially vulnerable to stressors associated with climate change. Although a growing body of evidence reports the adverse effects of heat on the health of older adults, research gaps remain for other climate-related risks. We need additional study of the vulnerability of older adults and the interplay of vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive responses to projected climate stressors. C1 [Gamble, Janet L.] US EPA, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Hurley, Bradford J.; Schultz, Peter A.; Jaglom, Wendy S.; Krishnan, Nisha; Harris, Melinda] ICF Int, Washington, DC USA. RP Gamble, JL (reprint author), US EPA, ORD NCEA Global Change Res Program, 2 Potomac Yard,N7825,2733 South Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM gamble.janet@epa.gov NR 90 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 49 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 121 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1289/ehp.1205223 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 208SE UT WOS:000323698700019 PM 23033457 ER PT J AU Zeise, L Bois, FY Chiu, WA Hattis, D Rusyn, I Guyton, KZ AF Zeise, Lauren Bois, Frederic Y. Chiu, Weihsueh A. Hattis, Dale Rusyn, Ivan Guyton, Kathryn Z. TI Addressing Human Variability in Next-Generation Human Health Risk Assessments of Environmental Chemicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE environmental agents; genetics; human health risk assessment; modeling; omics technologies; susceptible populations; variability ID HUMAN INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; GENETIC-POLYMORPHISM; POPULATION-DISTRIBUTION; PHARMACOKINETIC DIFFERENCES; MOLECULAR NETWORKS; QUANTITATIVE MODEL; BAYESIAN-APPROACH; ENZYME-INDUCTION; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; AIR-POLLUTION AB BACKGROUND: Characterizing variability in the extent and nature of responses to environmental exposures is a critical aspect of human health risk assessment. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to explore how next-generation human health risk assessments may better characterize variability in the context of the conceptual framework for the source-to-outcome-continuum. METHODS: This review was informed by a National Research Council workshop titled "Biological Factors that Underlie Individual Susceptibility to Environmental Stressors and Their Implications for Decision-Making." We considered current experimental and in silico approaches, and emerging data streams (such as genetically defined human cells lines, genetically diverse rodent models, human omic profiling, and genome-wide association studies) that are providing new types of information and models relevant for assessing inter-individual variability for application to human health risk assessments of environmental chemicals. DISCUSSION: One challenge for characterizing variability is the wide range of sources of inherent biological variability (e. g., genetic and epigenetic variants) among individuals. A second challenge is that each particular pair of health outcomes and chemical exposures involves combinations of these sources, which may be further compounded by extrinsic factors (e. g., diet, psychosocial stressors, other exogenous chemical exposures). A third challenge is that different decision contexts present distinct needs regarding the identification-and extent of characterization-of inter-individual variability in the human population. CONCLUSIONS: Despite these inherent challenges, opportunities exist to incorporate evidence from emerging data streams for addressing inter-individual variability in a range of decision-making contexts. C1 [Zeise, Lauren] Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Off Environm Hlth Hazard Assessment, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Bois, Frederic Y.] Inst Natl Environm Ind & Risques INERIS, Verneuil En Halatte, France. [Chiu, Weihsueh A.; Guyton, Kathryn Z.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hattis, Dale] Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Rusyn, Ivan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Zeise, L (reprint author), Calif Environm Protect Agcy, 1515 Clay St,16th Floor, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM Lauren.Zeise@oehha.ca.gov RI Bois, Frederic/E-9241-2012; Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016 OI Bois, Frederic/0000-0002-4154-0391; NR 108 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 34 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 121 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1289/ehp.1205687 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 208SE UT WOS:000323698700020 PM 23086705 ER PT J AU Appel, KW Pouliot, GA Simon, H Sarwar, G Pye, HOT Napelenok, SL Akhtar, F Roselle, SJ AF Appel, K. W. Pouliot, G. A. Simon, H. Sarwar, G. Pye, H. O. T. Napelenok, S. L. Akhtar, F. Roselle, S. J. TI Evaluation of dust and trace metal estimates from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 5.0 SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; PARTICULATE MATTER; FUGITIVE DUST; PART II; AEROSOLS; TRANSPORT AB The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is a state-of-the-science air quality model that simulates the emission, transformation, transport, and fate of the many different air pollutant species that comprise particulate matter (PM), including dust (or soil). The CMAQ model version 5.0 (CMAQv5.0) has several enhancements over the previous version of the model for estimating the emission and transport of dust, including the ability to track the specific elemental constituents of dust and have the model-derived concentrations of those elements participate in chemistry. The latest version of the model also includes a parameterization to estimate emissions of dust due to wind action. The CMAQv5.0 modeling system was used to simulate the entire year 2006 for the continental United States, and the model estimates were evaluated against daily surface-based measurements from several air quality networks. The CMAQ modeling system overall did well replicating the observed soil concentrations in the western United States (mean bias generally around +/- 0.5 mu g m(-3)); however, the model consistently overestimated the observed soil concentrations in the eastern United States (mean bias generally between 0.5-1.5 mu g m(-3)), regardless of season. The performance of the individual trace metals was highly dependent on the network, species, and season, with relatively small biases for Fe, Al, Si, and Ti throughout the year at the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) sites, while Ca, K, and Mn were overestimated and Mg underestimated. For the urban Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) sites, Fe, Mg, and Mn, while overestimated, had comparatively better performance throughout the year than the other trace metals, which were consistently overestimated, including very large overestimations of Al (380 %), Ti (370 %) and Si (470 %) in the fall. An underestimation of nighttime mixing in the urban areas appears to contribute to the overestimation of trace metals. Removing the anthropogenic fugitive dust (AFD) emissions and the effects of wind-blown dust (WBD) lowered the model soil concentrations. However, even with both AFD emissions and WBD effects removed, soil concentrations were still often overestimated, suggesting that there are other sources of errors in the modeling system that contribute to the overestimation of soil components. Efforts are underway to improve both the nighttime mixing in urban areas and the spatial and temporal distribution of dust-related emission sources in the emissions inventory. C1 [Appel, K. W.; Pouliot, G. A.; Sarwar, G.; Pye, H. O. T.; Napelenok, S. L.; Roselle, S. J.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Simon, H.] US EPA, Air Qual Assessment Div, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Off Air & Radiat, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Akhtar, F.] US EPA, Heath & Environm Impacts Div, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Off Air & Radiat, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Appel, KW (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM appel.wyat@epa.gov RI Pye, Havala/F-5392-2012; Napelenok, Sergey/I-7986-2014; simon, heather/E-4392-2011 OI Pye, Havala/0000-0002-2014-2140; Napelenok, Sergey/0000-0002-7038-7445; simon, heather/0000-0001-7254-3360 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development supported the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 51 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 39 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 4 BP 883 EP 899 DI 10.5194/gmd-6-883-2013 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 212KE UT WOS:000323981100002 ER PT J AU Yao, Z Wei, H Li, ZX Ma, T Liu, H Yang, YJ AF Yao, Zhuo Wei, Heng Li, Zhixia Ma, Tao Liu, Hao Yang, Y. Jeffrey TI Developing Operating Mode Distribution Inputs for MOVES with a Computer Vision-Based Vehicle Data Collector SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-BASED APPROACH; TRAJECTORY DATA; CAMERAS; SYSTEM AB Acquisition of reliable vehicle activity inputs to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's MOVES (Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator) model is necessary for maximizing modeling capacity and helping federal and state officials improve the quality of transportation management. For this purpose, rapid and low-cost collection of the operating mode distribution and other traffic activity data for the MOVES model is necessary. In this study, a computer vision-based software tool, Rapid Traffic Emission and Energy Consumption Analysis (REMCAN), is developed to enable a rapid operating mode distribution profiling for the MOVES model. The video-based system provides traffic activity inputs, including vehicle speeds and acceleration and deceleration rates covering the entire vehicle fleet; these may be difficult to extract from traffic data collected by traditional methods. The REMCAN system architecture and vehicle parameter extraction methods are presented. The speed measurement, which is the most critical factor for operating mode profiling, is calibrated with a coefficient that converts screen space to real-world space. Three case studies with different traffic operation scenarios are tested to demonstrate the capability of the REMCAN system. The integration of REMCAN traffic activity data collection and MOVES operating mode distribution generation provides timely, low-cost, and accurate environmental impact assessment compared with traditional data sources for emission estimation analysis. C1 [Yao, Zhuo; Ma, Tao; Liu, Hao] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Wei, Heng] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Adv Res Transportat Engn Syst Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Li, Zhixia] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Traff Operat & Safety Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Yang, Y. Jeffrey] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Yao, Z (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, 735 ERC,2901 Woodside Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM yaozo@mail.uc.edu RI yao, zhuo/H-2350-2014; Li, Zhixia/H-6124-2016 OI Li, Zhixia/0000-0002-7942-4660 FU Ohio Department of Transportation; NEXTRANS FX The authors appreciate the support of the Ohio Department of Transportation and NEXTRANS. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2013 IS 2340 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.3141/2340-06 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 211NM UT WOS:000323915000007 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Liao, H Pye, HOT Wu, S Mickley, LJ Seinfeld, JH Zhang, XY AF Jiang, H. Liao, H. Pye, H. O. T. Wu, S. Mickley, L. J. Seinfeld, J. H. Zhang, X. Y. TI Projected effect of 2000-2050 changes in climate and emissions on aerosol levels in China and associated transboundary transport SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; PM2.5 AIR-QUALITY; SURFACE OZONE; TRANSPACIFIC TRANSPORT; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS; METEOROLOGICAL MODES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; GLOBAL SIMULATION; MINERAL DUST; ACE-ASIA AB We investigate projected 2000-2050 changes in concentrations of aerosols in China and the associated transboundary aerosol transport by using the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem driven by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) general circulation model (GCM) 3 at 4 degrees x 5 degrees resolution. Future changes in climate and emissions projected by the IPCC A1B scenario are imposed separately and together through sensitivity simulations. Accounting for sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC) aerosols, concentrations of individual aerosol species change by -1.5 to +0.8 mu gm(-3), and PM2.5 levels are projected to change by about 10-20% in eastern China as a result of 2000-2050 change in climate alone. With future changes in anthropogenic emissions alone, concentrations of sulfate, BC, and OC are simulated to decrease because of assumed reductions in emissions, and those of nitrate are predicted to increase because of higher NOx emissions combined with decreases in sulfate. The net result is a predicted reduction of seasonal mean PM2.5 concentrations in eastern China by 1-8 mu gm(-3) (or 10-40 %) over 2000-2050. It is noted that current emission inventories for BC and OC over China are judged to be inadequate at present. Transboundary fluxes of different aerosol species show different sensitivities to future changes in climate and emissions. The annual outflow of PM2.5 from eastern China to the western Pacific is estimated to change by -7.0 %, -0.7 %, and -9.0% over 2000-2050 owing to climate change alone, changes in emissions alone, and changes in both climate and emissions, respectively. The fluxes of nitrate and ammonium aerosols from Europe and Central Asia into western China increase over 2000-2050 in response to projected changes in emissions, leading to a 10.5% increase in annual inflow of PM2.5 to western China with future changes in both emissions and climate. Fluxes of BC and OC from South Asia to China in spring contribute a large fraction of the annual inflow of PM2.5. The annual inflow of PM2.5 from South Asia and Southeast Asia to China is estimated to change by -8 %, +281 %, and +227% over 2000-2050 owing to climate change alone, changes in emissions alone, and changes in both climate and emissions, respectively. While the 4 degrees x 5 degrees spatial resolution is a limitation of the present study, the direction of predicted changes in aerosol levels and transboundary fluxes still provides valuable insight into future air quality. C1 [Jiang, H.; Liao, H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Jiang, H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Pye, H. O. T.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wu, S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Wu, S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Mickley, L. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zhang, X. Y.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, CMA, Key Lab Atmospher Chem, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Liao, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM hongliao@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Pye, Havala/F-5392-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012 OI Pye, Havala/0000-0002-2014-2140; Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05100503]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40775083, 40825016, 41021004]; China Meteorological Administration [GYHY200906020]; US EPA STAR program [83428601] FX This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program Grant No. XDA05100503, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants 40775083, 40825016, and 41021004, as well as the China Meteorological Administration special funding in atmospheric science GYHY200906020. S. Wu acknowledges support from the US EPA STAR program (grant # 83428601). The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to the US Environmental Protection Agency's administrative review and has been approved for publication. NR 63 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 54 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 16 BP 7937 EP 7960 DI 10.5194/acp-13-7937-2013 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 207TJ UT WOS:000323626500002 ER PT J AU Xie, Y Paulot, F Carter, WPL Nolte, CG Luecken, DJ Hutzell, WT Wennberg, PO Cohen, RC Pinder, RW AF Xie, Y. Paulot, F. Carter, W. P. L. Nolte, C. G. Luecken, D. J. Hutzell, W. T. Wennberg, P. O. Cohen, R. C. Pinder, R. W. TI Understanding the impact of recent advances in isoprene photooxidation on simulations of regional air quality SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; GAS-PHASE REACTION; HYDROXY ALKYL NITRATES; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; HENRYS LAW CONSTANTS; CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; OZONE PRODUCTION; FIELD CAMPAIGN AB The CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality) us model in combination with observations for INTEX-NA/ICARTT (Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-North America/International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation) 2004 are used to evaluate recent advances in isoprene oxidation chemistry and provide constraints on isoprene nitrate yields, isoprene nitrate lifetimes, and NOx recycling rates. We incorporate recent advances in isoprene oxidation chemistry into the SAPRC-07 chemical mechanism within the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) CMAQ model. The results show improved model performance for a range of species compared against aircraft observations from the INTEX-NA/ICARTT 2004 field campaign. We further investigate the key processes in isoprene nitrate chemistry and evaluate the impact of uncertainties in the isoprene nitrate yield, NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) recycling efficiency, dry deposition velocity, and RO2 + HO2 reaction rates. We focus our examination on the southeastern United States, which is impacted by both abundant isoprene emissions and high levels of anthropogenic pollutants. We find that NOx concentrations increase by 4-9% as a result of reduced removal by isoprene nitrate chemistry. O-3 increases by 2 ppbv as a result of changes in NOx. OH concentrations increase by 30 %, which can be primarily attributed to greater HOx production. We find that the model can capture observed total alkyl and multifunctional nitrates (Sigma ANs) and their relationship with O-3 by assuming either an isoprene nitrate yield of 6% and daytime lifetime of 6 hours or a yield of 12% and lifetime of 4 h. Uncertainties in the isoprene nitrates can impact ozone production by 10% and OH concentrations by 6 %. The uncertainties in NOx recycling efficiency appear to have larger effects than uncertainties in isoprene nitrate yield and dry deposition velocity. Further progress depends on improved understanding of isoprene oxidation pathways, the rate of NOx recycling from isoprene nitrates, and the fate of the secondary, tertiary, and further oxidation products of isoprene. C1 [Xie, Y.; Nolte, C. G.; Luecken, D. J.; Hutzell, W. T.; Pinder, R. W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC USA. [Paulot, F.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Carter, W. P. L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pinder, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC USA. EM pinder.rob@epa.gov RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012 OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965 FU National Research Council; NASA FX We thank the entire INTEX-NA/ICARTT team for the use of their measurement data. We also thank Barron Henderson, Melinda Beaver, Tad Kleindienst, and John Crounse for helpful conversations. This research was supported by the National Research Council Research Associateship Program pursued at the US Environmental Protection Agency. Fabien Paulot acknowledges support from a NASA Earth and Space Science fellowship. Disclaimer: although this article has been reviewed by the EPA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect EPA policies or views. NR 95 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 7 U2 83 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 16 BP 8439 EP 8455 DI 10.5194/acp-13-8439-2013 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 207TJ UT WOS:000323626500021 ER PT J AU Holder, AL Vejerano, EP Zhou, XZ Marr, LC AF Holder, Amara L. Vejerano, Eric P. Zhou, Xinzhe Marr, Linsey C. TI Nanomaterial disposal by incineration SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Review ID SOLID-WASTE INCINERATION; FOOD-PACKAGING APPLICATIONS; LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; WATER TREATMENT; FLY-ASH; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS AB As nanotechnology-based products enter into widespread use, nanomaterials will end up in disposal waste streams that are ultimately discharged to the environment. One possible end-of-life scenario is incineration. This review attempts to ascertain the potential pathways by which nanomaterials may enter incinerator waste streams and the fate of these nanomaterials during the incineration process. Although the literature on incineration of nanomaterials is scarce, results from studies of their behavior at high temperature or in combustion environments for other applications can help predict their fate within an incinerator. Preliminary evidence suggests nanomaterials may catalyze the formation or destruction of combustion by-products. Depending on their composition, nanomaterials may undergo physical and chemical transformations within the incinerator, impacting their partitioning within the incineration system (e.g., bottom ash, fly ash) and the effectiveness of control technology for removing them. These transformations may also drastically affect nanomaterial transport and impacts in the environment. Current regulations on incinerator emissions do not specifically address nanomaterials, but limits on particle and metal emissions may prove somewhat effective at reducing the release of nanomaterials in incinerator effluent. Control technology used to meet these regulations, such as fabric filters, electrostatic precipitators, and wet electrostatic scrubbers, are expected to be at least partially effective at removing nanomaterials from incinerator flue gas. C1 [Holder, Amara L.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Vejerano, Eric P.; Zhou, Xinzhe; Marr, Linsey C.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Marr, LC (reprint author), Virginia Tech, 411 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM lmarr@vt.edu RI Marr, Linsey/C-9698-2010 OI Marr, Linsey/0000-0003-3628-6891 FU US EPA National Center for Environmental Research STAR program [83485601]; Virginia Tech Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science FX This work was partially supported by the US EPA National Center for Environmental Research STAR program (grant number 83485601) and the Virginia Tech Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US EPA. NR 107 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 51 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2013 VL 15 IS 9 BP 1652 EP 1664 DI 10.1039/c3em00224a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 204GC UT WOS:000323352100002 PM 23880913 ER PT J AU Kou, JH Varma, RS AF Kou, Jiahui Varma, Rajender S. TI Expeditious organic-free assembly: morphologically controlled synthesis of iron oxides using microwaves SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; LIGHT PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; ALPHA-FE2O3 NANOSTRUCTURES; FORMATION MECHANISM; WATER-TREATMENT; HOLLOW SPHERES; FEOOH; OXIDATION; NANOPARTICLES; FABRICATION AB A microwave hydrothermal method is developed for the synthesis of iron oxides, alpha-Fe2O3, beta-FeOOH, and the junction of alpha-Fe2O3-beta-FeOOH. This method is absolutely organic-free, and various structures could be obtained simply by changing the use of the iron source and NaOH. The as-prepared sea urchin-like beta-FeOOH exhibits excellent catalytic performance for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in the presence of H2O2. C1 [Kou, Jiahui; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kou, JH (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Koujiahui@gmail.com; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 49 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2013 VL 5 IS 18 BP 8675 EP 8679 DI 10.1039/c3nr02663a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 206KZ UT WOS:000323521000048 PM 23900391 ER PT J AU Srimaroeng, C Cecile, JP Walden, R Pritchard, JB AF Srimaroeng, Chutima Cecile, Jennifer Perry Walden, Ramsey Pritchard, John B. TI Regulation of Renal Organic Anion Transporter 3 (SLC22A8) Expression and Function by the Integrity of Lipid Raft Domains and their Associated Cytoskeleton SO CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Renal organic anion transporter; Lipid rafts; Regulation; Transporters; Cytoskeleton ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; RAT-KIDNEY; ACTIN CYTOSKELETON; PROXIMAL TUBULES; CHOLESTEROL; CAVEOLIN; TRAFFICKING; ACTIVATION AB Background/Aims: In humans and rodents, organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3) is highly expressed on the basolateral membrane of renal proximal tubules and mediates the secretion of exogenous and endogenous anions. Regulation of Oat3 expression and function has been observed in both expression system and intact renal epithelia. However, information on the local membrane environment of Oat3 and its role is limited. Lipid raft domains (LRD; cholesterol-rich domains of the plasma membrane) play important roles in membrane protein expression, function and targeting. In the present study, we have examined the role of LRDrich membranes and their associated cytoskeletal proteins on Oat3 expression and function. Methods: LRD-rich membranes were isolated from rat renal cortical tissues and from HEK-293 cells stably expressing human OAT3 (hOAT3) by differential centrifugation with triton X-100 extraction. Western blots were subsequently analyzed to determine protein expression. In addition, the effect of disruption of LRD-rich membranes was examined on functional Oat3 mediated estrone sulfate (ES) transport in rat renal cortical slices. Cytoskeleton disruptors were investigated in both hOAT3 expressing HEK-293 cells and rat renal cortical slices. Results: Lipid-enriched membranes from rat renal cortical tissues and hOAT3-expressing HEK-293 cells showed co-expression of rOat3/hOAT3 and several lipid raft-associated proteins, specifically caveolin 1 (Cav1), beta-actin and myosin. Moreover, immunohistochemistry in hOAT3-expressing HEK-293 cells demonstrated that these LRD-rich proteins co-localized with hOAT3. Potassium iodide (KI), an inhibitor of protein-cytoskeletal interaction, effectively detached cytoskeleton proteins and hOAT3 from plasma membrane, leading to redistribution of hOAT3 into non-LRDrich compartments. In addition, inhibition of cytoskeleton integrity and membrane trafficking processes significantly reduced ES uptake mediated by both human and rat Oat3. Cholesterol depletion by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (M beta CD) also led to a dose dependent reduction Oat3 expression and ES transport by rat renal cortical slices. Moreover, the up-regulation of rOat3-mediated transport seen following insulin stimulation was completely prevented by M beta CD. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that renal Oat3 resides in LRD-rich membranes in proximity to cytoskeletal and signaling proteins. Disruption of LRD-rich membranes by cholesterol-binding agents or protein trafficking inhibitors altered Oat3 expression and regulation. These findings indicate that the integrity of LRD-rich membranes and their associated proteins are essential for Oat3 expression and function. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Srimaroeng, Chutima] Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Med, Dept Physiol, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. [Srimaroeng, Chutima; Cecile, Jennifer Perry; Walden, Ramsey; Pritchard, John B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Cecile, Jennifer Perry] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Chem, Boone, NC 28608 USA. RP Srimaroeng, C (reprint author), Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Med, Dept Physiol, 110 Intavaroros Rd, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. EM c.srimaroeng@gmail.com OI Srimaroeng, Chutima/0000-0002-5537-1023 FU Faculty of Medicine Endowment Fund; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai, Thailand; NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA FX We wish to thank Drs. Timothy Lockwich for kindly providing detergent extraction of cell membrane protocol and Amy Aslamkhan for valuable suggestion in this manuscript. We also thank Mr. Chaya Vaddhanaphuti and Ms. Atcharaporn Ontawong for their assistance with manuscript preparation. This research was supported by the Faculty of Medicine Endowment Fund, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand and the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-8987 J9 CELL PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Cell. Physiol. Biochem. PY 2013 VL 31 IS 4-5 BP 565 EP 578 DI 10.1159/000350077 PG 14 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 195RD UT WOS:000322720400009 PM 23615001 ER PT J AU Jacobs, MN Laws, SC Willett, K Schmieder, P Odum, J Bovee, TF AF Jacobs, Miriam N. Laws, Susan C. Willett, Kate Schmieder, Pat Odum, Jenny Bovee, Toine F. TI In Vitro Metabolism and Bioavailability Tests for Endocrine Active Substances: What is Needed Next for Regulatory Purposes? SO ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Article DE regulatory testing; metabolism; endocrine active substances; alternative methods ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; E-SCREEN ASSAY; ENGINEERED CELL-LINES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DRUG-METABOLISM; GENE-EXPRESSION; RAINBOW-TROUT; MCF-7 CELLS; BISPHENOL-A; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT AB Legislation and prospective legislative proposals internationally (may) require that chemicals be tested for their ability to disrupt the hormonal systems of mammals. Chemicals found to test positive in vitro are considered to be endocrine active substances (EAS) and may be putative endocrine disruptors (EDs) in vivo. While there is a growing body of international in vitro test guidelines addressing EAS mechanisms and modes of action, to date there are still few or no standardized methods to incorporate metabolic and toxicokinetic aspects into these in vitro tests for EAS. In vitro assays for EAS should incorporate metabolic enzyme systems to better address the relevance of EAS tests to in vivo adverse outcome pathways, and a previous OECD review paper indicated how this could be done. This paper revisits those recommendations, addressing where research and funding efforts are needed to expedite the development of suitable in vitro metabolism systems to improve the accuracy of in vitro assays for identifying EAS and EDs. Recommendations are made for projects to support short, medium, and long-term goals. The complexity of in vivo metabolism presents major challenges for the development of predictive models suitable for the extrapolation of data from in silico/in vitro approaches to models that can occur in vivo. Therefore, the long-term recommendations are intended to foster an international harmonization of databases, delineation of metabolic pathways, and development of predictive tools that will provide a fundamental understanding of the processes by which metabolism occurs, increasing the predictive accuracy of in silico/in vitro methods. C1 [Jacobs, Miriam N.] European Food Safety Author, Sci Comm & Emerging Risks Unit, I-43126 Parma, Italy. [Laws, Susan C.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Tox Assessment Div, Endocrinol Branch MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Willett, Kate] Humane Soc United States, Washington, DC USA. [Schmieder, Pat] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [Odum, Jenny] Regulatory Sci Associates, Dunoon, Argyll, Scotland. [Bovee, Toine F.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, RIKILT Inst Food Safety, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Jacobs, MN (reprint author), European Food Safety Author, Sci Comm & Emerging Risks Unit, Via Carlo Magno 1-A, I-43126 Parma, Italy. EM Miriam.JACOBS@efsa.europa.eu NR 120 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPEKTRUM AKADEMISCHER VERLAG-SPRINGER-VERLAG GMBH PI HEILDEBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, HEILDEBERG, 69121, GERMANY SN 1868-596X J9 ALTEX-ALTERN ANIM EX JI ALTEX-Altern. Anim. Exp. PY 2013 VL 30 IS 3 BP 331 EP 351 PG 21 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 197OR UT WOS:000322861000006 PM 23861078 ER PT J AU Xie, M Barsanti, KC Hannigan, MP Dutton, SJ Vedal, S AF Xie, M. Barsanti, K. C. Hannigan, M. P. Dutton, S. J. Vedal, S. TI Positive matrix factorization of PM2.5 - eliminating the effects of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; PM SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; MODEL EVALUATION DATA; DAILY MORTALITY; SPECIATION METHODS; ABSORPTION-MODEL; TIME-SERIES; ATMOSPHERE; URBAN; AEROSOL AB Gas-phase concentrations of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) were calculated from gas/particle (G/P) partitioning theory using their measured particle-phase concentrations. The particle-phase data were obtained from an existing filter measurement campaign (27 January 2003-2 October 2005) as a part of the Denver Aerosol Sources and Health (DASH) study, including 970 observations of 71 SVOCs (Xie et al., 2013). In each compound class of SVOCs, the lighter species (e. g. docosane in n alkanes, fluoranthene in PAHs) had higher total concentrations (gas+particle phase) and lower particle-phase fractions. The total SVOC concentrations were analyzed using positive matrix factorization (PMF). Then the results were compared with source apportionment results where only particle-phase SVOC concentrations were used (particle only-based study; Xie et al., 2013). For the particle only-based PMF analysis, the factors primarily associated with primary or secondary sources (n alkane, EC/sterane and inorganic ion factors) exhibit similar contribution time series (r = 0.92-0.98) with their corresponding factors (n alkane, sterane and nitrate+sulfate factors) in the current work. Three other factors (light n alkane/PAH, PAH and summer/odd n alkane factors) are linked with pollution sources influenced by atmospheric processes (e. g. G/P partitioning, photochemical reaction), and were less correlated (r = 0.69-0.84) with their corresponding factors (light SVOC, PAH and bulk carbon factors) in the current work, suggesting that the source apportionment results derived from particle-only SVOC data could be affected by atmospheric processes. PMF analysis was also performed on three temperature-stratified subsets of the total SVOC data, representing ambient sampling during cold (daily average temperature < 10 degrees C), warm (>= 10 degrees C and <= 20 degrees C) and hot (> 20 degrees C) periods. Unlike the particle only-based study, in this work the factor characterized by the low molecular weight (MW) compounds (light SVOC factor) exhibited strong correlations (r = 0.82-0.98) between the full data set and each sub-data set solution, indicating that the impacts of G/P partitioning on receptor-based source apportionment could be eliminated by using total SVOC concentrations. C1 [Xie, M.; Hannigan, M. P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barsanti, K. C.] Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Dutton, S. J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Vedal, S.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Xie, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mingjie.xie@colorado.edu; hannigan@colorado.edu FU NIEHS [RO1 ES010197] FX This research is supported by NIEHS research grant number RO1 ES010197. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 79 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 15 BP 7381 EP 7393 DI 10.5194/acp-13-7381-2013 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 200XE UT WOS:000323103900007 PM 25530748 ER PT J AU Xing, J Pleim, J Mathur, R Pouliot, G Hogrefe, C Gan, CM Wei, C AF Xing, J. Pleim, J. Mathur, R. Pouliot, G. Hogrefe, C. Gan, C. -M. Wei, C. TI Historical gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in the United States from 1990 to 2010 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; TRENDS; CHINA; ASIA AB An accurate description of emissions is crucial for model simulations to reproduce and interpret observed phenomena over extended time periods. In this study, we used an approach based on activity data to develop a consistent series of spatially resolved emissions in the United States from 1990 to 2010. The state-level anthropogenic emissions of SO2, NOx, CO, NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic compounds), NH3, PM10 and PM2.5 for a total of 49 sectors were estimated based on several long-term databases containing information about activities and emission controls. Activity data for energy-related stationary sources were derived from the State Energy Data System. Corresponding emission factors reflecting implemented emission controls were calculated back from the National Emissions Inventory (NEI) for seven years (i.e., 1990, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2001, 2002 and 2005), and constrained by the AP-42 (US EPA's Compilation of Air Pollutant Emissions Factors) dataset. Activity data for mobile sources including different types of highway vehicles and non-highway equipment were obtained from highway statistics reported by the Federal Highway Administration. The trends in emission factors for highway mobile source were informed by the 2011 National Transportation Statistics. Emissions for all non-energy-related sources were either scaled by the growth ratio of activity indicators or adjusted based on the NEI trends report. Because of the strengthened control efforts, particularly for the power sector and mobile sources, emissions of all pollutants except NH3 were reduced by half over the last two decades. The emission trends developed in this study are comparable with the NEI trend report and EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) data, but better constrained by trends in activity data. Reductions in SO2, NOx, CO and EC (speciation of PM2.5 by SMOKE, Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions) emissions agree well with the observed changes in ambient SO2, NO2, CO and EC concentrations, suggesting that the various controls on emissions implemented over the last two decades are well represented in the emission inventories developed in this study. These inventories were processed by SMOKE and are now ready to be used for regional chemistry transport model simulations over the 1990-2010 period. C1 [Xing, J.; Pleim, J.; Mathur, R.; Pouliot, G.; Hogrefe, C.; Gan, C. -M.; Wei, C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Xing, J (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM xingjia@tsinghua.org.cn RI wei, chao/E-4379-2011; xing, jia/O-1784-2014; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 FU department of energy project [DE-SC000378]; EPA [RW-89-9233260 1]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at US EPA FX Although this work has been reviewed and approved for publication by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), it does not reflect the views and policies of the agency. This work was supported by department of energy project (IA number is DE-SC000378) and EPA (IA number is RW-89-9233260 1). This research was performed while the author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at US EPA. The authors also acknowledge the free use of EDGAR, NEI, GAINS, State Energy Data System, Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service and Air Markets Program Data. NR 21 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 9 U2 72 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 15 BP 7531 EP 7549 DI 10.5194/acp-13-7531-2013 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 200XE UT WOS:000323103900017 ER PT J AU Varma, RS AF Varma, Rajender S. TI Greener routes to organics and nanomaterials: Sustainable applications of nanocatalysts SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International IUPAC Conference on Green Chemistry CY AUG 25-29, 2012 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL DE chemical synthesis; green chemistry; heterocyclic chemistry; microwaves; nanomaterials; nanostructured materials ID POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) NANOCOMPOSITES; MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; PHTHALAZINE DERIVATIVES; CARBON NANOTUBES; NANOPARTICLES; IRRADIATION; PYRAZOLE; AZACYCLOALKANES; NANOSTRUCTURES AB Sustainable synthetic activity involving alternate energy input and greener reaction medium under aqueous or solvent-free conditions is summarized. This includes the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, coupling reactions, and a variety of reactions catalyzed by basic water or recyclable and reusable magnetic nanocatalysts in aqueous media using microwave (MW) irradiation. Micropine-structured catalysts and magnetic nanoferrites and their post-synthetic modification with ligands and other nanometals serve as sustainable nanocatalysts in benign media. The strategic approach attempts to fulfill most of the green chemistry principles in a comprehensive manner and aims to create sustainable functional chemicals that may find large-scale use with significant waste minimization. C1 US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 24 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-4545 EI 1365-3075 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2013 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1703 EP 1710 DI 10.1351/PAC-CON-13-01-15 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 194IF UT WOS:000322624300010 ER PT J AU McEathron, KM Mitchell, MJ Zhang, L AF McEathron, K. M. Mitchell, M. J. Zhang, L. TI Acid-base characteristics of the Grass Pond watershed in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State, USA: interactions among soil, vegetation and surface waters SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; HARDWOOD LEAF-LITTER; SUGAR MAPLE; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; TEMPERATE FORESTS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; CALCIUM STATUS; BLACK-CHERRY; CANOPY TREE; NITROGEN AB Grass Pond watershed is located within the southwestern Adirondack Mountain region of New York State, USA. This region receives some of the highest rates of acidic deposition in North America and is particularly sensitive to acidic inputs due to many of its soils having shallow depths and being generally base poor. Differences in soil chemistry and tree species between seven subwatersheds were examined in relation to acid-base characteristics of the seven major streams that drain into Grass Pond. Mineral soil pH, stream water BCS (base-cation surplus) and pH exhibited a positive correlation with sugar maple basal area (p = 0.055; 0.48 and 0.39, respectively). Black cherry basal area was inversely correlated with stream water BCS, ANC (acid neutralizing capacity)(c) and NO3- (p = 0.23; 0.24 and 0.20, respectively). Sugar maple basal areas were positively associated with watershed characteristics associated with the neutralization of atmospheric acidic inputs while in contrast, black cherry basal areas showed opposite relationships to these same watershed characteristics. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that black cherry had a distinctive relationship with forest floor chemistry apart from the other tree species, specifically a strong positive association with forest floor NH4, while sugar maple had a distinctive relationship with stream chemistry variables, specifically a strong positive association with stream water ANC(c), BCS and pH. Our results provide evidence that sugar maple is acid-intolerant or calciphilic tree species and also demonstrate that black cherry is likely an acid-tolerant tree species. C1 [McEathron, K. M.; Mitchell, M. J.; Zhang, L.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP McEathron, KM (reprint author), US EPA, 290 Broadway,20th Floor, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM kmmceath@gmail.com FU New York State Energy Research Development Authority (NY-SERDA) Environmental Monitoring, Evaluation and Protection (EMEP) program; SUNY ESF's Graduate Student Association "Research In Need" Grant FX This research was partially supported by the New York State Energy Research Development Authority (NY-SERDA) Environmental Monitoring, Evaluation and Protection (EMEP) program and by SUNY ESF's Graduate Student Association "Research In Need" Grant. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation permitted sample collection within the Ha-De-Ron-Dah Wilderness Area. The authors thank Pat McHale, David Lyons, Chuck Schirmer, Laura Hartley, Harold and Donna McEathron and William Foley for help on this research both in the field and in the laboratory. Also thanks to Greg Lawrence, John Stella, and Martin Dovciak who reviewed earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 17 IS 7 BP 2557 EP 2568 DI 10.5194/hess-17-2557-2013 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 190XE UT WOS:000322376000013 ER PT J AU Sproles, EA Nolin, AW Rittger, K Painter, TH AF Sproles, E. A. Nolin, A. W. Rittger, K. Painter, T. H. TI Climate change impacts on maritime mountain snowpack in the Oregon Cascades SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WATER-RESOURCES; ENERGY-BALANCE; MODEL; COVER; HYDROLOGY; SYSTEM AB This study investigates the effect of projected temperature increases on maritime mountain snowpack in the McKenzie River Basin (MRB; 3041 km(2)) in the Cascades Mountains of Oregon, USA. We simulated the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent (SWE) in the MRB for the period of 1989-2009 with SnowModel, a spatially-distributed, process-based model (Liston and Elder, 2006b). Simulations were evaluated using point-based measurements of SWE, precipitation, and temperature that showed Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficients of 0.83, 0.97, and 0.80, respectively. Spatial accuracy was shown to be 82% using snow cover extent from the Landsat Thematic Mapper. The validated model then evaluated the inter-and intra-year sensitivity of basin wide snowpack to projected temperature increases (2 degrees C) and variability in precipitation (+/- 10 %). Results show that a 2 degrees C increase in temperature would shift the average date of peak snowpack 12 days earlier and decrease basin-wide volumetric snow water storage by 56 %. Snowpack between the elevations of 1000 and 2000m is the most sensitive to increases in temperature. Upper elevations were also affected, but to a lesser degree. Temperature increases are the primary driver of diminished snowpack accumulation, however variability in precipitation produce discernible changes in the timing and volumetric storage of snowpack. The results of this study are regionally relevant as melt water from the MRB's snowpack provides critical water supply for agriculture, ecosystems, and municipalities throughout the region especially in summer when water demand is high. While this research focused on one watershed, it serves as a case study examining the effects of climate change on maritime snow, which comprises 10% of the Earth's seasonal snow cover. C1 [Sproles, E. A.; Nolin, A. W.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rittger, K.; Painter, T. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sproles, EA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. EM eric.sproles@gmail.com RI Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016; OI Sproles, Eric/0000-0003-1245-1653 FU National Science Foundation [0903118]; Institute for Water and Watersheds at Oregon State University FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation grant #0903118 and through initial funding provided by the Institute for Water and Watersheds at Oregon State University. The authors would like to thank Jeff McDonnell, Christina Tague, John Bolte, Bettina Schaefli (editor), and the reviewers for their contributions that helped improve the quality of this manuscript. NR 67 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 39 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 17 IS 7 BP 2581 EP 2597 DI 10.5194/hess-17-2581-2013 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 190XE UT WOS:000322376000015 ER PT J AU Kolling, JS Pleim, JE Jeffries, HE Vizuete, W AF Kolling, Jenna S. Pleim, Jonathan E. Jeffries, Harvey E. Vizuete, William TI A multisensor evaluation of the Asymmetric Convective Model, Version 2, in Southeast Texas SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; PART I; SCHEMES; COORDINATE; HOUSTON; OZONE AB There currently exist a number of planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes that can represent the effects of turbulence in daytime convective conditions, although these schemes remain a large source of uncertainty in meteorology and air quality model simulations. This study evaluates a recently developed combined local and nonlocal closure PBL scheme, the Asymmetric Convective Model, version 2 (ACM2), against PBL observations taken from radar wind profilers, a ground-based lidar, and multiple daytime radiosonde balloon launches. These observations were compared against predictions of PBLs from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.1 with the ACM2 PBL scheme option, and the Fifth-Generation Meteorological Model (MM5) version 3.7.3 with the Eta PBL scheme option that is currently being used to develop ozone control strategies in southeast Texas. MM5 and WRF predictions during the regulatory modeling episode were evaluated on their ability to predict the rise and fall of the PBL during daytime convective conditions across southeastern Texas. The MM5 predicted PBLs consistently underpredicted observations, and were also less than the WRF PBL predictions. The analysis reveals that the MM5 predicted a slower rising and shallower PBL not representative of the daytime urban boundary layer. Alternatively, the WRF model predicted a more accurate PBL evolution improving the root mean square error (RMSE), both temporally and spatially. The WRF model also more accurately predicted vertical profiles of temperature and moisture in the lowest 3 km of the atmosphere. Inspection of median surface temperature and moisture time-series plots revealed higher predicted surface temperatures in WRF, and more surface moisture in MM5. These could not be attributed to surface heat fluxes, and thus the differences in performance of the WRF and MM5 models are likely due to the PBL schemes. Implications: An accurate depiction of the diurnal evolution of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is necessary for realistic air quality simulations, and for formulating effective policy. The meteorological model used to support the southeast Texas O-3 attainment demonstration made predictions of the PBL that were consistently less than those found in observations. The use of the Asymmetric Convective Model, version 2 (ACM2), predicted taller PBL heights and improved model predictions. A lower predicted PBL height in an air quality model would increase precursor concentrations and change the chemical production of O-3 and possibly the response to control strategies. C1 [Kolling, Jenna S.; Jeffries, Harvey E.; Vizuete, William] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Pleim, Jonathan E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Vizuete, W (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM airquality@unc.edu RI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017; OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082; vizuete, william/0000-0002-1399-2948 NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 63 IS 1 BP 41 EP 53 DI 10.1080/10962247.2012.732019 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 194LZ UT WOS:000322636100006 PM 23447863 ER PT J AU Poor, ND Pribble, JR Schwede, DB AF Poor, Noreen D. Pribble, J. Raymond Schwede, Donna B. TI Application of watershed deposition tool to estimate from CMAQ simulations the atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to Tampa Bay and its watershed SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; WET DEPOSITION; DRY DEPOSITION; MODELING SYSTEM; NITRIC-ACID; QUALITY; FLORIDA; ESTUARY; USA; FL AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed the Watershed Deposition Tool (WDT) to calculate from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model output the nitrogen, sulfur, and mercury deposition rates to watersheds and their sub-basins. The CMAQ model simulates from first principles the transport, transformation, and removal of atmospheric pollutants. We applied WDT to estimate the atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen (N) to Tampa Bay and its watershed. For 2002 and within the boundaries of Tampa Bay's watershed, modeled atmospheric deposition rates averaged 13.3 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) and ranged from 6.24 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) at the bay's boundary with Gulf of Mexico to 21.4 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) near Tampa's urban core, based on a 12-kmx12-km grid cell size. CMAQ-predicted loading rates were 1,080 metric tons N yr(-1) to Tampa Bay and 8,280 metric tons N yr(-1) to the land portion of its watershed. If we assume a watershed-to-bay transfer rate of 18% for indirect loading, our estimates of the 2002 direct and indirect loading rates to Tampa Bay were 1,080 metric tons N and 1,490 metric tons N, respectively, for an atmospheric loading of 2,570 metric tons N or 71% of the total N loading to Tampa Bay. To evaluate the potential impact of the U.S. EPA Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR, replaced with Cross-State Air Pollution Rule), Tier 2 Vehicle and Gasoline Sulfur Rules, Heavy Duty Highway Rule, and Non-Road Diesel Rule, we compared CMAQ outputs between 2020 and 2002 simulations, with only the emissions inventories changed. The CMAQ-projected change in atmospheric loading rates between these emissions inventories was 857 metric tons N to Tampa Bay, or about 24% of the 2002 loading of 3,640 metric tons N to Tampa Bay from all sources. Implications: Air quality modeling reveals that atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen (N) contributes a significant fraction to Tampa Bay's total N loading from external sources. Regulatory drivers that lower nitrogen oxide emissions from power plants and motor vehicles are important to bay management strategies, which seek to improve water quality through N load reduction. C1 [Poor, Noreen D.] Kivmetrics LLC, Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. [Pribble, J. Raymond] Janicki Environm Inc, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Schwede, Donna B.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Poor, ND (reprint author), Kivmetrics LLC, 1282 York Circle, Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. EM npoor@kivmetrics.com FU Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) through the Tampa Bay Estuary Program (TBEP) under FDEP contract [AQ206] FX This research was funded by Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) through the Tampa Bay Estuary Program (TBEP) under FDEP contract AQ206. Noreen Poor is affiliated with the University of South Florida College of Public Health. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 63 IS 1 BP 100 EP 114 DI 10.1080/10962247.2012.739109 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 194LZ UT WOS:000322636100011 PM 23447868 ER PT J AU Kaldy, JE Brown, CA Andersen, CP AF Kaldy, James E. Brown, Cheryl A. Andersen, Christian P. TI In situ C-13 tracer experiments elucidate carbon translocation rates and allocation patterns in eelgrass Zostera marina SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE C-13 tracer; Translocation; Carbohydrate; Zostera marina; Compound-specific isotope analysis; Carbon dynamics ID SEAGRASS THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; AMERICANA DEN HARTOG; HALODULE-WRIGHTII; POSIDONIA-OCEANICA; NITROGEN TRANSLOCATION; SUBTROPICAL LAGOON; LIGHT AVAILABILITY; INORGANIC CARBON AB Zostera marina L. carbon dynamics have been intensively studied, yet in situ translocation rate estimates remain elusive, particularly for north temperate seagrasses. To better understand carbohydrate synthesis, allocation and use in Z. marina, we conducted summer and winter in situ C-13 labeling experiments and measured the delta C-13 of bulk tissue and individual carbohydrate compounds. Leaf tissue exhibited immediate isotope enrichment within hours of the tracer pulse. As the isotope ratio of the leaf tissue decreased over a period of days, enrichment became more evident in the belowground tissues (rhizome and roots) not directly exposed to the C-13-dissolved inorganic carbon label, indicating that non-structural carbohydrate was translocated belowground. Rhizome delta C-13 increased for up to 2 wk after the C-13 label pulse. The isotopic enrichment of glucose, fructose and sucrose were similar and significantly greater than the enrichment of myo-inositol. Maximum enrichment occurred in the glucose pool, with leaf tissue at 258 +/- 61% and rhizome tissue at 55.1 +/- 28.8% during the July 2004 labeling period. Leaf excess C-13 loss rates (4 d average) were on the order of 11% C-13 d(-1), while the excess C-13 accumulation rate in the rhizome combined with roots was about 1.5% C-13 d(-1) (4 d average). Whole plant excess C-13 loss rates as a result of respiration, detrital production and exudation ranged between about 8.8 and 10% C-13 d(-1) (4 d average). The results provide important estimates of carbon uptake and translocation that can be used to better understand whole plant carbon budgets as well as the transfer of sea-grass-derived carbon to other trophic communities. C1 [Kaldy, James E.; Brown, Cheryl A.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Andersen, Christian P.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Kaldy, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 2111 SE Marine Sci Ctr Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM kaldy.jim@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX We are indebted to detailed discussions with P. Eldridge and R. Brooks regarding use and modeling of isotope tracers. The authors thank D. Myrold and R. Yarwood at the Oregon State University Stable Isotope Research Unit for analysis of enriched isotope samples and especially for the compound-specific isotope analysis of carbohydrates. R. King with Dynamac Corporation conducted HPLC analysis for carbohydrate quantification. R. Ozretich provided irradiance data and reviewed an earlier version of this manuscript. We thank J. Fourqurean, J. Cebrian and 4 anonymous reviewers for comments on an early version of this manuscript. T. C. Mochon-Collura, C. Dudoit and C. Roux assisted with field work. The information in this document has been funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement of recommendation for use. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 29 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 487 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.3354/meps10354 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 193QV UT WOS:000322577400004 ER PT J AU Bergfelt, DR Steinetz, BG Reif, JS Schaefer, AM Bossart, GD Mazzoil, MS Zolman, E Fair, PA AF Bergfelt, Don R. Steinetz, Bernard G. Reif, John S. Schaefer, Adam M. Bossart, Gregory D. Mazzoil, Marilyn S. Zolman, Eric Fair, Patricia A. TI Evaluation of Single-Sample Analysis of Progesterone in Combination with Relaxin for Diagnosis of Pregnancy in Wild Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE progesterone; relaxin; pregnancy; wild bottlenose dolphins; Tursiops truncatus ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; SERUM; CHARLESTON; HORMONES; MARKER; URINE; DOGS; USA AB The present study is a preliminary evaluation of the potential for an elevation of relaxin to clarify an elevation of progesterone in wild bottlenose dolphins as pregnancy-related since relatively high progesterone in a single-sample analysis is not necessarily pregnancy-specific. Blood samples were collected from adult female bottlenose dolphins in estuaries of Charleston, South Carolina, and the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. Serum progesterone and relaxin concentrations were analyzed in the same samples (n = 74) with respective radioimmunoassays (RIAs). Diagnosis of pregnancy was based on concentrations of progesterone and relaxin > 6.0 and > 11.2 ng/mL, respectively, whereas non-pregnancy was based on respective hormone concentrations less than or equal to baseline concentrations. Progesterone was observed at elevated concentrations considered diagnostic of pregnancy in 20 and relaxin in 12 bottlenose dolphins. In a contingency table analysis with progesterone as the conventional standard for pregnancy diagnosis, there was a 60% positive correspondence with relaxin (12 relaxin-out of 20 progesterone-diagnosed pregnancies) and 40% negative correspondence (8 relaxin-diagnosed nonpregnancies out of 20 progesterone-diagnosed pregnancies). Kappa analysis indicated good agreement (. = 74%) between relaxin-and progesterone-diagnosed pregnancies. Contingency table results were verified based on known pregnancies of nine cow-calf pairs observed through photo-identification subsequent to health assessments. Concordance between hormone diagnosed and observed pregnancies was 9 of 9 (100%) for progesterone and 7 of 9 (78%) for relaxin. Hence, preliminary results indicated that relaxin may have limited value for pregnancy diagnosis when used alone. However, in combination with an elevation of progesterone in a single-sample analysis, a pregnancy-specific elevation of relaxin can clarify that progesterone is pregnancy-related and, thus, confirm the diagnosis of pregnancy in wild bottlenose dolphins. C1 [Bergfelt, Don R.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Steinetz, Bernard G.] NYU, Sch Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schaefer, Adam M.; Bossart, Gregory D.; Mazzoil, Marilyn S.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Zolman, Eric; Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Bergfelt, DR (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Bergfelt.don@epa.gov FU NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR; NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health/Stranding Response; Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate fund FX The authors thank Steve Lamb and Sally Lasano for technical assistance in serum analysis of progesterone and relaxin, respectively. In addition, we would like to thank the numerous people who participated in the dolphin capture-release studies in South Carolina and Florida. We are especially grateful to Mr. Steve McCulloch and Dr. Juli Goldstein, Dr. Forrest Townsend, Mr. Larry Hansen, Mr. Larry Fulford, the NOAA and HBOI staff, the collaborators and veterinarians who provided their expertise, and the many volunteers whose help make the bottlenose dolphin health assessment (HERA) studies possible. This study was primarily supported through NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health/Stranding Response, and Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate fund. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2013 VL 39 IS 2 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1578/AM.39.2.2013.187 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 186KV UT WOS:000322043700008 ER PT J AU Lipscomb, JC Maples-Reynolds, N Mumtaz, M AF Lipscomb, John C. Maples-Reynolds, Nikki Mumtaz, Moiz BE Fowler, BA TI Multiple Chemical Exposures and Risk Assessment SO COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BY-PRODUCT MIXTURES; EVALUATING SUFFICIENT SIMILARITY; EQUIVALENTS EXPERT WORKSHOP; BIOMONITORING EQUIVALENTS; INTERACTION THRESHOLDS; DBP MIXTURES; TOXICITY; TOXICOLOGY; GUIDELINES; ADDITIVITY C1 [Lipscomb, John C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Maples-Reynolds, Nikki] ICF Int, Fairfax, VA USA. [Mumtaz, Moiz] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lipscomb, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-396508-0 PY 2013 BP 23 EP 44 PG 22 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology GA BFR29 UT WOS:000321041500004 ER PT J AU Krishnan, K McPhail, B Chiu, W White, P AF Krishnan, Kannan McPhail, Brooks Chiu, Weihsueh White, Paul BE Fowler, BA TI Modeling of Sensitive Subpopulations and Interindividual Variability in Pharmacokinetics for Health Risk Assessments SO COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTRASPECIES UNCERTAINTY FACTOR; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HUMAN-LIVER; CANCER-RISK; CARDIAC-OUTPUT; PBPK MODELS; BLOOD-FLOW; ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICANTS; TOXICOKINETIC MODELS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE C1 [Krishnan, Kannan] Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McPhail, Brooks] ATSDR CDC, DTHHS ETB, Atlanta, GA USA. [Krishnan, Kannan; Chiu, Weihsueh] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Krishnan, K (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-396508-0 PY 2013 BP 45 EP 66 PG 22 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology GA BFR29 UT WOS:000321041500005 ER PT J AU Garmestani, AS Allen, CR Benson, MH AF Garmestani, Ahjond S. Allen, Craig R. Benson, Melinda H. TI Can Law Foster Social-Ecological Resilience? SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material DE adaptive governance; adaptive management; law; social-ecological resilience ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNCERTAINTY; MANAGEMENT; GOVERNANCE; SCIENCE; CANADA AB Law plays an essential role in shaping natural resource and environmental policy, but unfortunately, many environmental laws were developed around the prevailing scientific understanding that there was a "balance of nature" that could be managed and sustained. This view assumes that natural resource managers have the capacity to predict the behavior of ecological systems, know what its important functional components are, and successfully predict the outcome of management interventions. This paper takes on this problem by summarizing and synthesizing the contributions to this Special Feature (Law and Social-Ecological Resilience, Part I: Contributions from Resilience 2011), focusing on the interaction of law and social-ecological resilience, and then offering recommendations for the integration of law and social-ecological resilience. C1 [Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Benson, Melinda H.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Garmestani, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2013 VL 18 IS 2 AR 37 DI 10.5751/ES-05927-180237 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 175TT UT WOS:000321257100045 ER PT J AU Green, OO Cosens, BA Garmestani, AS AF Green, Olivia O. Cosens, Barbara A. Garmestani, Ahjond S. TI Resilience in Transboundary Water Governance: the Okavango River Basin SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adaptive governance; international water law; Okavango; resilience; transboundary water governance; treaty design ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS; DELTA; BOTSWANA; PRINCIPLES; DYNAMICS; IMPACT AB When the availability of a vital resource varies between times of overabundance and extreme scarcity, management regimes must manifest flexibility and authority to adapt while maintaining legitimacy. Unfortunately, the need for adaptability often conflicts with the desire for certainty in legal and regulatory regimes, and laws that fail to account for variability often result in conflict when the inevitable disturbance occurs. Additional keys to resilience are collaboration among physical scientists, political actors, local leaders, and other stakeholders, and, when the commons is shared among sovereign states, collaboration between and among institutions with authority to act at different scales or with respect to different aspects of an ecological system. At the scale of transboundary river basins, where treaties govern water utilization, particular treaty mechanisms can reduce conflict potential by fostering collaboration and accounting for change. One necessary element is a mechanism for coordination and collaboration at the scale of the basin. This could be satisfied by mechanisms ranging from informal networks to the establishment of an international commission to jointly manage water, but a mechanism for collaboration at the basin scale alone does not ensure sound water management. To better guide resource management, study of applied resilience theory has revealed a number of management practices that are integral for adaptive governance. Here, we describe key resilience principles for treaty design and adaptive governance and then apply the principles to a case study of one transboundary basin where the need and willingness to manage collaboratively and iteratively is high-the Okavango River Basin of southwest Africa. This descriptive and applied approach should be particularly instructive for treaty negotiators, transboundary resource managers, and should aid program developers. C1 [Green, Olivia O.; Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Cosens, Barbara A.] Univ Idaho, Coll Law, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Green, OO (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory FX This research was conducted with the support of an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 67 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 39 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2013 VL 18 IS 2 AR 23 DI 10.5751/ES-05453-180223 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 175TT UT WOS:000321257100025 ER PT J AU Green, OO Garmestani, AS van Rijswick, HFMW Keessen, AM AF Green, Olivia O. Garmestani, Ahjond S. van Rijswick, Helena F. M. W. Keessen, Andrea M. TI EU Water Governance: Striking the Right Balance between Regulatory Flexibility and Enforcement? SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adaptive governance; environmental law; European Union; resilience; Water Framework Directive ID RESILIENCE; MANAGEMENT; IMPLEMENTATION; FRAMEWORK AB Considering the challenges and threats currently facing water management and the exacerbation of uncertainty by climate change, the need for flexible yet robust and legitimate environmental regulation is evident. The European Union took a novel approach toward sustainable water resource management with the passage of the EU Water Framework Directive in 2000. The Directive promotes sustainable water use through long-term protection of available water resources, progressively reduces discharges of hazardous substances in ground and surface waters, and mitigates the effects of floods and droughts. The lofty goal of achieving good status of all waters requires strong adaptive capacity, given the large amounts of uncertainty in water management. Striking the right balance between flexibility in local implementation and robust and enforceable standards is essential to promoting adaptive capacity in water governance, yet achieving these goals simultaneously poses unique difficulty. Applied resilience science reveals a conceptual framework for analyzing the adaptive capacity of governance structures that includes multiple overlapping levels of control or coordination, information flow horizontally and vertically, meaningful public participation, local capacity building, authority to respond to changed circumstances, and robust monitoring, system feedback, and enforcement. Analyzing the Directive through the lens of resilience science, we highlight key elements of modern European water management and their contribution to the resilience of the system and conclude that the potential lack of enforcement and adequate feedback of monitoring results does not promote managing for resilience. However, the scale-appropriate governance aspects of the EU approach promotes adaptive capacity by enabling vertical and horizontal information flow, building local capacity, and delegating control at multiple relevant scales. C1 [Green, Olivia O.; Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [van Rijswick, Helena F. M. W.; Keessen, Andrea M.] Univ Utrecht, Ctr Environm Law & Policy, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Green, OO (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI Brooks, Katya/J-4975-2014 FU Next Generation Infrastructures; Dutch Knowledge for Climate Programme FX This research was conducted with the support of an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; was partly conducted within the project 'Resilient legal formats for hybrid institutions protecting public values in water management', supported by Next Generation Infrastructures; and was conducted with support of the Dutch Knowledge for Climate Programme. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 17 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2013 VL 18 IS 2 AR 10 DI 10.5751/ES-05357-180210 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 175TT UT WOS:000321257100007 ER PT J AU Solazzo, E Bianconi, R Pirovano, G Moran, MD Vautard, R Hogrefe, C Appel, KW Matthias, V Grossi, P Bessagnet, B Brandt, J Chemel, C Christensen, JH Forkel, R Francis, XV Hansen, AB McKeen, S Nopmongcol, U Prank, M Sartelet, KN Segers, A Silver, JD Yarwood, G Werhahn, J Zhang, J Rao, ST Galmarini, S AF Solazzo, E. Bianconi, R. Pirovano, G. Moran, M. D. Vautard, R. Hogrefe, C. Appel, K. W. Matthias, V. Grossi, P. Bessagnet, B. Brandt, J. Chemel, C. Christensen, J. H. Forkel, R. Francis, X. V. Hansen, A. B. McKeen, S. Nopmongcol, U. Prank, M. Sartelet, K. N. Segers, A. Silver, J. D. Yarwood, G. Werhahn, J. Zhang, J. Rao, S. T. Galmarini, S. TI Evaluating the capability of regional-scale air quality models to capture the vertical distribution of pollutants SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; CHEMISTRY TRANSPORT MODELS; MULTISCALE GEM MODEL; NORTH-AMERICA; PART II; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; PARTICULATE MATTER; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; DISPERSION MODELS AB This study is conducted in the framework of the Air Quality Modelling Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) and aims at the operational evaluation of an ensemble of 12 regional-scale chemical transport models used to predict air quality over the North American (NA) and European (EU) continents for 2006. The modelled concentrations of ozone and CO, along with the meteorological fields of wind speed (WS) and direction (WD), temperature (T), and relative humidity (RH), are compared against high-quality in-flight measurements collected by instrumented commercial aircraft as part of the Measurements of OZone, water vapour, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides by Airbus In-service airCraft (MOZAIC) programme. The evaluation is carried out for five model domains positioned around four major airports in NA (Portland, Philadelphia, Atlanta, and Dallas) and one in Europe (Frankfurt), from the surface to 8.5 km. We compare mean vertical profiles of modelled and measured variables for all airports to compute error and variability statistics, perform analysis of altitudinal error correlation, and examine the seasonal error distribution for ozone, including an estimation of the bias introduced by the lateral boundary conditions (BCs). The results indicate that model performance is highly dependent on the variable, location, season, and height (e.g. surface, planetary boundary layer (PBL) or free troposphere) being analysed. While model performance for T is satisfactory at all sites (correlation coefficient in excess of 0.90 and fractional bias a parts per thousand currency sign 0.01 K), WS is not replicated as well within the PBL (exhibiting a positive bias in the first 100 m and also underestimating observed variability), while above 1000 m, the model performance improves (correlation coefficient often above 0.9). The WD at NA airports is found to be biased in the PBL, primarily due to an overestimation of westerly winds. RH is modelled well within the PBL, but in the free troposphere large discrepancies among models are observed, especially in EU. CO mixing ratios show the largest range of modelled-to-observed standard deviations of all the examined species at all heights and for all airports. Correlation coefficients for CO are typically below 0.6 for all sites and heights, and large errors are present at all heights, particularly in the first 250 m. Model performance for ozone in the PBL is generally good, with both bias and error within 20%. Profiles of ozone mixing ratios depend strongly on surface processes, revealed by the sharp gradient in the first 2 km (10 to 20 ppb km(-1)). Modelled ozone in winter is biased low at all locations in the NA, primarily due to an underestimation of ozone from the BCs. Most of the model error in the PBL is due to surface processes (emissions, transport, photochemistry), while errors originating aloft appear to have relatively limited impact on model performance at the surface. Suggestions for future work include interpretation of the model-to-model variability and common sources of model bias, and linking CO and ozone bias to the bias in the meteorological fields. Based on the results from this study, we suggest possible in-depth, process-oriented and diagnostic investigations to be carried out next. C1 [Solazzo, E.; Galmarini, S.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Bianconi, R.; Grossi, P.] Enviroware Srl, Concorezzo, MB, Italy. [Pirovano, G.] Ric Sistema Energet RSE SpA, Milan, Italy. [Moran, M. D.; Zhang, J.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Vautard, R.] IPSL Lab CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climate & Environm, F-91191 Orme Des Merisier, Gif Yvette, France. [Hogrefe, C.; Appel, K. W.; Rao, S. T.] US EPA, Atmospher Modelling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Matthias, V.] Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Inst Coastal Res, Geesthacht, Germany. [Brandt, J.; Christensen, J. H.; Hansen, A. B.; Silver, J. D.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Environm Sci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Bessagnet, B.] Natl Inst Ind Environm & Risks, NERIS, Verneuilen Halatte, France. [Sartelet, K. N.] Univ Paris Est, CEREA, Joint Lab, Ecole Ponts ParisTech EDF R&D, Paris, France. [Prank, M.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Chemel, C.] Univ Hertfordshire, NCAS, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Chemel, C.; Francis, X. V.] Univ Hertfordshire, CAIR, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Nopmongcol, U.; Yarwood, G.] ENVIRON Int Corp, Novato, CA 94998 USA. [Segers, A.] Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res TNO, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Forkel, R.; Werhahn, J.] IMK IFU, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [McKeen, S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McKeen, S.] NOAA, ESRL, CSD, Boulder, CO USA. RP Galmarini, S (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. EM stefano.galmarini@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Christensen, Jesper /E-9524-2011; Bessagnet, Bertrand/O-2969-2016; Forkel, Renate/A-8743-2013; Brandt, Jorgen/B-3733-2011; Sartelet, Karine/A-6430-2011; OI Christensen, Jesper /0000-0002-6741-5839; Bessagnet, Bertrand/0000-0003-2062-4681; Forkel, Renate/0000-0001-6452-344X; Silver, Jeremy David/0000-0003-1502-6249 FU Coordinating Research Council Atmospheric Impacts Committee [A-75]; Electric Power Research Institute; Research Fund for the Italian Electrical System under RSE SpA; Research Fund for the Italian Electrical System under Italian Ministry of Economic Development FX The MOZAIC Data Centre and its contributing airlines provided North American and European aircraft take-off and landing vertical profiles and are kindly acknowledged. The WMO World Ozone and Ultraviolet Data Centre (WOUDC) and its data contributing agencies provided North American and European ozonesonde profiles. G. Yarwood and U. Nopmongcol acknowledge financial support from the Coordinating Research Council Atmospheric Impacts Committee (Project A-75) and the Electric Power Research Institute. The contribution of RSE SpA to this work has been partially financed by the Research Fund for the Italian Electrical System under the Contract Agreement between RSE SpA and the Italian Ministry of Economic Development (Decree of 19 March 2009). NR 95 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 3 BP 791 EP 818 DI 10.5194/gmd-6-791-2013 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 174EU UT WOS:000321137700010 ER PT J AU Baig, RBN Varma, RS AF Baig, R. B. Nasir Varma, Rajender S. TI Copper on chitosan: a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions in water SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; PALLADIUM CATALYST; KINETIC RESOLUTION; FACILE ENTRY; AMINO-ACIDS; METAL-IONS; NANOPARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; ZEOLITES; CYCLOPROPANATION AB Copper sulfate has been immobilized over chitosan by simply stirring an aqueous suspension of chitosan in water with copper sulfate; the ensuing catalyst has been utilized for the azide-alkyne cycloaddition in aqueous media and it can be recycled and reused many times without losing its activity. C1 [Baig, R. B. Nasir; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Baig, RBN (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov FU Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory FX Nasir Baig was supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We thank Dr Jiahui Kou for recording SEM image and valuable suggestions. NR 57 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 48 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1839 EP 1843 DI 10.1039/c3gc40401c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 169LH UT WOS:000320781200009 ER PT J AU Gawande, MB Rathi, AK Nogueira, ID Varma, RS Branco, PS AF Gawande, Manoj B. Rathi, Anuj K. Nogueira, Isabel D. Varma, Rajender S. Branco, Paula S. TI Magnetite-supported sulfonic acid: a retrievable nanocatalyst for the Ritter reaction and multicomponent reactions SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; RECYCLABLE CATALYST; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; SILICA; OXIDATION; ALCOHOLS; NITRILES AB Magnetite-sulfonic acid (Nanocat-Fe-OSO3H), prepared by the wet-impregnation method, serves as a magnetically retrievable sustainable catalyst for the Ritter and multicomponent reactions. The as synthesized catalyst can be used in several reaction cycles without any loss of activity. C1 [Gawande, Manoj B.; Branco, Paula S.] Univ Nova Lisboa, REQUIMTE, Dept Chem, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, P-2829516 Lisbon, Portugal. [Rathi, Anuj K.] Jubilant Chemsys Ltd, New Delhi 201301, India. [Nogueira, Isabel D.] IST, Inst Ciencia & Engn Mat & Superficies, Lisbon, Portugal. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Gawande, MB (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, REQUIMTE, Dept Chem, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Quinta Torre, P-2829516 Lisbon, Portugal. EM m.gawande@fct.unl.pt; Varma.rajender@epa.gov; paula.branco@fct.unl.pt RI Branco, Paula/I-6567-2012 OI Branco, Paula/0000-0002-7312-8596 FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011]; PRAXIS program [SFRH/BPD/64934/2009] FX This work has been supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia through grant PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011. M. B. Gawande also thanks PRAXIS program for the award of a research fellowship (SFRH/BPD/64934/2009). NR 47 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 82 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1895 EP 1899 DI 10.1039/c3gc40457a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 169LH UT WOS:000320781200017 ER PT J AU Jaoui, M Kleindienst, TE Docherty, KS Lewandowski, M Offenberg, JH AF Jaoui, Mohammed Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Docherty, Kenneth S. Lewandowski, Michael Offenberg, John H. TI Secondary organic aerosol formation from the oxidation of a series of sesquiterpenes: alpha-cedrene, beta-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene and alpha-farnesene with O-3, OH and NO3 radicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biogenic SOA; fine particulate matter; night-time chemistry; ozonolysis; PM2.5; SOA ID GAS-PHASE REACTION; PARTICULATE PRODUCTS DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; CARBONYL PRODUCTS; RATE COEFFICIENT; FOREST CANOPY; SOA FORMATION; OZONOLYSIS; OZONE AB A series of sesquiterpenes (SQT) were individually oxidised under a range of conditions, including irradiation in the presence of NOx, reactions with O-3 or reactions with NO3 radicals. Experiments were conducted in either static mode to observe temporal evolution of reactants and products or in dynamic mode to ensure adequate collection of aerosol at reasonably low reactant concentrations. Although some measurements of gas-phase products have been made, the focus of this work has been particle phase analysis. To identify individual products, filter samples were extracted, derivatised and analysed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry techniques. The results indicate that secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is readily formed from SQT oxidation. The high reactivity of these systems and generally high conversion into SOA products gives rise to high SOA levels. SOA yields (ratio of SOA formed to hydrocarbon reacted) averaged 0.53 for ozonolysis, 0.55 for photooxidation and 1.19 for NO3 reactions. In select experiments, SOA was also analysed for the organic matter/organic carbon (OM/OC) ratio, and the effective enthalpy of vaporisation (Delta H-vap(eff)). The OM/OC ranged from 1.8 for ozonolysis and photooxidation reactions to 1.6 for NO3 reactions, similar to that from SOA generated in monoterpene systems. Delta H-vap(eff) was measured for beta-caryophyllene-NOx, beta-caryophyllene-O-3, beta-caryophyllene-NO3, alpha-humulene-NOx and alpha-farnesene-NOx systems and found to be 43.9, 41.1, 44.9, 48.2 and 27.7 kJ mol(-1). Aerosol yields and products identified in this study are generally in good agreement with results from several studies. A detailed examination of the chamber aerosol for the presence of chemical tracer compounds was undertaken. Only beta-caryophyllinic acid, observed mainly under beta-caryophyllene photooxidation and ozonolysis experiments, was detected in ambient aerosol. Chemical analysis yielded compounds having oxygen and nitrogen moieties present, which indicates continued evolution of the particles over time and presents high dependence on the SQT-oxidant system studied. This study suggests that SOA from laboratory ozonolysis experiments may adequately represent ambient aerosol in areas with SQT emissions. C1 [Jaoui, Mohammed; Docherty, Kenneth S.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.; Lewandowski, Michael; Offenberg, John H.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jaoui, M (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technol, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jaoui.mohammed@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-10-070] FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under Contract EP-D-10-070 to Alion Science and Technology. The manuscript has been subjected to external peer review and has been cleared for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 13 U2 100 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 EI 1449-8979 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2013 VL 10 IS 3 SI SI BP 178 EP 193 DI 10.1071/EN13025 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 173FU UT WOS:000321064400006 ER PT J AU Parikh, HM Jeffries, HE Sexton, KG Luecken, DJ Kamens, RM Vizuete, W AF Parikh, Harshal M. Jeffries, Harvey E. Sexton, Ken G. Luecken, Deborah J. Kamens, Richard M. Vizuete, William TI Evaluation of aromatic oxidation reactions in seven chemical mechanisms with an outdoor chamber SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aromatics; CB05; MCM; ozone; SAPRC ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; MEXICO-CITY; HYDROCARBONS; AIR; PRODUCTS; PROTOCOL; MCMV3.1; TOLUENE; EUROPE AB Simulations using seven chemical mechanisms are intercompared against O-3, NOx and hydrocarbon data from photooxidation experiments conducted at the University of North Carolina outdoor smog chamber. The mechanisms include CB4-2002, CB05, CB05-TU, a CB05 variant with semi-explicit aromatic chemistry (CB05RMK), SAPRC07, CS07 and MCMv3.1. The experiments include aromatics, unsaturated dicarbonyls and volatile organic compound (VOC) mixtures representing a wide range of urban environments with relevant hydrocarbon species. In chamber simulations the sunlight is characterised using new solar radiation modelling software. A new heterogeneous chamber wall mechanism is also presented with revised chamber wall chemical processes. Simulations from all mechanisms, except MCMv3.1, show median peak O-3 concentration relative errors of less than 25% for both aromatic and VOC mixture experiments. Although MCMv3.1 largely overpredicts peak O-3 levels, it performs relatively better in predicting the peak NO2 concentration. For aromatic experiments, all mechanisms except CB4-2002, largely underpredict the NO-NO2 crossover time and overpredict both the absolute NO degradation slope and the slope of NO2 concentration rise. This suggests a major problem of a faster and earlier NO to NO2 oxidation rate across all the newer mechanisms. Results from individual aromatic and unsaturated dicarbonyl experiments illustrate the unique photooxidation chemistry and O-3 production of several aromatic ring-opening products. The representation of these products as a single mechanism species in CB4-2002, CB05 and CB05-TU is not adequate to capture the O-3 temporal profile. In summary, future updates to chemical mechanisms should focus on the chemistry of aromatic ring-opening products. C1 [Parikh, Harshal M.; Jeffries, Harvey E.; Sexton, Ken G.; Kamens, Richard M.; Vizuete, William] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Luecken, Deborah J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Vizuete, W (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, 1302 MHRC,CB 7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM harshal@email.unc.edu; harvey@email.unc.edu; kgsexton@email.unc.edu; luecken.deborah@epa.gov; kamens@unc.edu; vizuete@unc.edu OI vizuete, william/0000-0002-1399-2948 FU US Environmental Protection Agency (UNC) [EP-W-09-023] FX This research was supported in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency (UNC Contract number EP-W-09-023). The authors thank all the past graduate students at University of North Carolina for conducting smog chamber experiments and providing a rich dataset to evaluate chemical mechanisms. Although this paper has been reviewed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect EPAs policies or views. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2013 VL 10 IS 3 SI SI BP 245 EP 259 DI 10.1071/EN13039 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 173FU UT WOS:000321064400011 ER PT J AU Campbell, MR Karaca, M Adamski, KN Chorley, BN Wang, XT Bell, DA AF Campbell, Michelle R. Karaca, Mehmet Adamski, Kelly N. Chorley, Brian N. Wang, Xuting Bell, Douglas A. TI Novel Hematopoietic Target Genes in the NRF2-Mediated Transcriptional Pathway SO OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY LA English DT Article ID ANTIOXIDANT-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; OXIDATIVE-STRESS-RESPONSE; CUL3-BASED E3 LIGASE; ERYTHROID-DIFFERENTIATION; C57BL/6J MICE; EXPRESSION PROFILES; HEMOLYTIC-ANEMIA; NETWORK ANALYSIS; SMALL-INTESTINE; BINDING-SITES AB Nuclear factor- (erythroid-derived 2) like 2 (NFE2L2, NRF2) is a key transcriptional activator of the antioxidant response pathway and is closely related to erythroid transcription factor NFE2. Under oxidative stress, NRF2 heterodimerizes with small Maf proteins and binds cis-acting enhancer sequences found near oxidative stress response genes. Using the dietary isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN) to activate NRF2, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) identified several hundred novel NRF2-mediated targets beyond its role in oxidative stress. Activated NRF2 bound the antioxidant response element (ARE) in promoters of several known and novel target genes involved in iron homeostasis and heme metabolism, including known targets FTL and FTH1, as well as novel binding in the globin locus control region. Five novel NRF2 target genes were chosen for followup: AMBP, ABCB6, FECH, HRG-1 (SLC48A1), and TBXAS1. SFN-induced gene expression in erythroid K562 and lymphoid cells were compared for each target gene. NRF2 silencing showed reduced expression in lymphoid, lung, and hepatic cells. Furthermore, stable knockdown of NRF2 negative regulator KEAP1 in K562 cells resulted in increased NQO1, AMBP, and TBXAS1 expression. NFE2 binding sites in K562 cells revealed similar binding profiles as lymphoid NRF2 sites in all potential NRF2 candidates supporting a role for NRF2 in heme metabolism and erythropoiesis. C1 [Campbell, Michelle R.; Karaca, Mehmet; Adamski, Kelly N.; Chorley, Brian N.; Wang, Xuting; Bell, Douglas A.] NIEHS, Environm Genom Sect, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Chorley, Brian N.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Bell, Douglas A.] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bell, DA (reprint author), NIEHS, Environm Genom Sect, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM bell1@niehs.nih.gov OI Wang, Xuting/0000-0001-6781-8008 FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health [Z01-ES-100475-11] FX Authors would like to thank Drs. Ngome L. Makia and Sailesh Surapureddi of NIEHS for helpful suggestions, discussion and review. This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (Z01-ES-100475-11). NR 66 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1942-0900 J9 OXID MED CELL LONGEV JI Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev. PY 2013 AR 120305 DI 10.1155/2013/120305 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 157XD UT WOS:000319931700001 ER PT S AU Shamim, N Mostaghimi, S AF Shamim, Najm Mostaghimi, Siroos BE Shamim, N Sharma, VK TI Scientific and Regulatory Issues in Exposure Assessment of Conventional Metals vs Nanosized SO SUSTAINABLE NANOTECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT: ADVANCES AND ACHIEVEMENTS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Conference on Sustainable Nanotechnology and the Environment: Advances and Achievements CY MAR, 2012 CL San Diego, CA ID IONIC LIQUIDS; NANOMATERIALS; TOXICITY; GREEN AB Metals and salts are ubiquitously present in the environmental media, and some of the metals are an integral part of biological systems. Application list of metals and salts is too large to enumerate. Traditionally pesticides, whether agricultural, antimicrobials or biopesticides, are organic based (mostly synthetic) or biochemicals (naturally occurring molecules are modified). In the last 40 years or so metal and salts, and even organometallics, have been applied as pesticides in agricultural sector (as fungicides, algaecides), in the antimicrobial sector as antifoulants and as wood preservatives to prevent rotting of wood. To conduct risk assessment, risk characterization, and ultimately to manage risks for organic pesticides, there are more defined steps, developed over a period of time, that are available as opposed to for metals. For example generation of data for mammalian toxicity or ecotoxicity etc. is carried out by well-tested methods for organic pesticides. With metals and salts when used as pesticides, there are inherent difficulties that exist due to the fact that each metal has unique physical /chemical characteristics, ecotoxicity pathways are more difficult to quantify. Use of nanometals and nanometal oxides enhances the difficulties in data generation as well as the quantitative determination of risks. This chapter provides an over view of the scientific and regulatory difficulties that various agencies and organizations, particularly those that are both regulatory/scientific organizations and conduct risk assessments, risk characterizations, and ultimately risk management of chemicals-be it as general purpose chemicals or designer chemicals like pesticides. The chapter also briefly discusses some of the manufacturing processes that are being utilized to increase the use of green chemistry principals to synthesize/manufacture nanometals/ nanometal oxides to increase sustainability, reduce pollution, and decrease some risks. This would likely help not only the pesticide industry in the manufacture of the products but also help agencies like EPA to explore and possibly adopt a new paradigm of reduced risks for some of the nanomaterials. The chapter provides examples in the fate and ecotoxicity disciplines only and related copper as an example. C1 [Shamim, Najm; Mostaghimi, Siroos] US EPA, Off Consumer Safety & Pollut Prevent, Off Pesticides Program, Antimicrobials Div,Risk Assessment & Sci Support, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Shamim, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Consumer Safety & Pollut Prevent, Off Pesticides Program, Antimicrobials Div,Risk Assessment & Sci Support, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM Shamim.Najm@epa.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2784-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2013 VL 1124 BP 339 EP 355 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFB38 UT WOS:000319084800019 ER PT J AU Gawande, MB Bonifacio, VDB Luque, R Branco, PS Varma, RS AF Gawande, Manoj B. Bonifacio, Vasco D. B. Luque, Rafael Branco, Paula S. Varma, Rajender S. TI Benign by design: catalyst-free in-water, on-water green chemical methodologies in organic synthesis SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS; DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS; MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; AZA-MICHAEL REACTION; SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; MANNICH-TYPE REACTIONS; BIGINELLI DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE SYNTHESIS; COMBINATORIAL LIBRARY SYNTHESIS; EMPLOYING STABILIZED YLIDES AB Catalyst-free reactions developed during the last decade and the latest developments in this emerging field are summarized with a focus on catalyst-free reactions in-water and on-water. Various named reactions, multi-component reactions and the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds are discussed including the use of various energy input systems such as microwave- and ultrasound irradiation, among others. Organic chemists and the practitioners of this art both in academia and industry hopefully will continue to design benign methodologies for organic synthesis in aqueous media under catalyst-free conditions by using alternative energy inputs based on fundamental principles. C1 [Gawande, Manoj B.; Bonifacio, Vasco D. B.; Branco, Paula S.] Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Quim, REQUIMTE, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. [Luque, Rafael] Univ Cordoba, Dept Quim Organ, Cordoba 14014, Spain. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Gawande, MB (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Quim, REQUIMTE, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. EM m.gawande@fct.unl.pt; vbb@fct.unl.pt; Varma.Rajender@epamail.epa.gov RI Caparica, cqfb_staff/H-2611-2013; REQUIMTE, AL/H-9106-2013; Bonifacio, Vasco/A-8653-2008; REQUIMTE, ORG/M-4578-2013; REQUIMTE, LAQV/N-9835-2013; Branco, Paula/I-6567-2012; Luque, Rafael/F-9853-2010 OI Bonifacio, Vasco/0000-0003-2349-8473; Branco, Paula/0000-0002-7312-8596; Luque, Rafael/0000-0003-4190-1916 FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011]; PRAXIS program [SFRH/BPD/64934/2009] FX This work has been supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia through grant PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011. Manoj B. Gawande thanks the PRAXIS program for the award of research fellowship SFRH/BPD/64934/2009. NR 395 TC 192 Z9 193 U1 21 U2 228 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2013 VL 42 IS 12 BP 5522 EP 5551 DI 10.1039/c3cs60025d PG 30 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 152JH UT WOS:000319527400037 PM 23529409 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Soukup, JM Richards, JH Fischer, BM Voynow, JA Schmechel, DE AF Ghio, Andrew J. Soukup, Joleen M. Richards, Judy H. Fischer, Bernard M. Voynow, Judith A. Schmechel, Donald E. TI Deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin influences systemic iron homeostasis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE LA English DT Article DE alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency; serpins; proteinase inhibitor proteins; ferritin; transferrin ID PHASE PROTEIN ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN; HYDROXYL RADICAL FORMATION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELL INJURY; ALPHA(1)-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; SERUM FERRITIN; GENETIC HEMOCHROMATOSIS; TRANSFERRIN-RECEPTOR; NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE AB There is evidence that proteases and antiproteases participate in the iron homeostasis of cells and living systems. We tested the postulate that alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) polymorphism and the consequent deficiency of this antiprotease in humans are associated with a systemic disruption in iron homeostasis. Archived plasma samples from Alpha-1 Foundation (30 MM, 30 MZ, and 30 ZZ individuals) were analyzed for A1AT, ferritin, transferrin, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Plasma samples were also assayed for metals using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES). Plasma levels of A1AT in MZ and ZZ individuals were approximately 60% and 20% of those for MM individuals respectively. Plasma ferritin concentrations in those with the ZZ genotype were greater relative to those individuals with either MM or MZ genotype. Plasma transferrin for MM, MZ, and ZZ genotypes showed no significant differences. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant (negative) relationship between plasma concentrations of A1AT and ferritin while that between A1AT and transferrin levels was not significant. Plasma CRP concentrations were not significantly different between MM, MZ, and ZZ individuals. ICPAES measurement of metals confirmed elevated plasma concentrations of nonheme iron among ZZ individuals. Nonheme iron concentrations correlated (negatively) with levels of A1AT. A1AT deficiency is associated with evidence of a disruption in iron homeostasis with plasma ferritin and nonheme iron concentrations being elevated among those with the ZZ genotype. C1 [Ghio, Andrew J.; Soukup, Joleen M.; Richards, Judy H.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Fischer, Bernard M.; Voynow, Judith A.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Pulm Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Schmechel, Donald E.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med Neurol, Joseph & Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer Dis Res Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov FU Alpha-1 Foundation FX Bernard Fischer was supported in part by an Alpha-1 Foundation research grant. The other authors have no conflict of interests to declare. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI ALBANY PA PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND SN 1176-9106 J9 INT J CHRONIC OBSTR JI Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis. PY 2013 VL 8 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.2147/COPD.S37897 PG 7 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 145XV UT WOS:000319054100007 PM 23378755 ER PT J AU Currier, JM Saunders, RJ Ding, L Bodnar, W Cable, P Matousek, T Creed, JT Styblo, M AF Currier, Jenna M. Saunders, R. Jesse Ding, Lan Bodnar, Wanda Cable, Peter Matousek, Tomas Creed, John T. Styblo, Miroslav TI Comparative oxidation state specific analysis of arsenic species by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and hydride generation-cryotrapping-atomic absorption spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID TRIVALENT METHYLATED ARSENICALS; HUMAN URINE; SPECIATION ANALYSIS; MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID; DIMETHYLARSINOUS ACID; BIOLOGICAL MATRICES; CYSTEINE RESIDUES; WEST-BENGAL; METHYLTRANSFERASE; RAT AB The formation of methylarsonous acid (MAsIII) and dimethylarsinous acid (DMAsIII) in the course of inorganic arsenic (iAs) metabolism plays an important role in the adverse effects of chronic exposure to iAs. High-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) and hydride generation-cryotrapping-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-CT-AAS) have been frequently used for the analysis of MAsIII and DMAsIII in biological samples. While HG-CT-AAS has consistently detected MAsIII and DMAsIII, HPLC-ICP-MS analyses have provided inconsistent and contradictory results. This study compares the capacities of both methods to detect and quantify MAsIII and DMAsIII in an in vitro methylation system consisting of recombinant human arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT), S-adenosylmethionine as a methyl donor, a non-thiol reductant tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine, and arsenite (iAs(III)) or MAsIII as substrate. The results show that reversed-phase HPLC-ICP-MS can identify and quantify MAsIII and DMAsIII in aqueous mixtures of biologically relevant arsenical standards. However, HPLC separation of the in vitro methylation mixture resulted in significant losses of MAsIII, and particularly DMAsIII with total arsenic recoveries <= 25%. Further analyses showed that MAsIII and DMAsIII bind to AS3MT or interact with other components of the methylation mixture, forming complexes that do not elute from the column. Oxidation of the mixture with H2O2 which converted trivalent arsenicals to their pentavalent analogs prior to HPLC separation increased total arsenic recoveries to similar to 95%. In contrast, HG-CT-AAS analysis found large quantities of methylated trivalent arsenicals in mixtures incubated with either iAs(III) or MAsIII and provided high (>= 72%) arsenic recoveries. These data suggest that an HPLC-based analysis of biological samples can underestimate MAsIII and DMAsIII concentrations and that controlling for arsenic species recovery is essential to avoid artifacts. C1 [Currier, Jenna M.; Styblo, Miroslav] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Saunders, R. Jesse; Ding, Lan; Styblo, Miroslav] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Bodnar, Wanda; Cable, Peter] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Matousek, Tomas] ASCR, Inst Analyt Chem, Vvi, Brno 60200, Czech Republic. [Creed, John T.] US EPA, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, NERL, Cincinnati, OH 45628 USA. RP Styblo, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM styblo@med.unc.edu RI Matousek, Tomas/E-7226-2013 FU NIH [2 R01 ES010845, P30ES010126]; UNC Nutrition Obesity Research Center [DK056350]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [LH12040]; AS CR institutional fund [RVO:68081715]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH [T32 ES007126] FX This work was supported by NIH grant no. 2 R01 ES010845 to M.S, the UNC Nutrition Obesity Research Center grant no. DK056350, and by NIH grant no. P30ES010126 to the UNC Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility. Additional support was provided by the Kontakt II program grant (project no. LH12040) from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic and the AS CR institutional fund RVO:68081715 to T. M. The investigation by J.C. was supported by a pre-doctoral traineeship (National Research Service Award T32 ES007126) from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH. The authors thank Dr William Cullen (University of British Columbia, Canada) for providing custom synthesized MAsIII and DMAsIII for this study. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names, products, or services does not convey, and should not be interpreted as conveying, official EPA approval, endorsement, or recommendation. NR 69 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 53 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2013 VL 28 IS 6 BP 843 EP 852 DI 10.1039/c3ja30380b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 144MR UT WOS:000318944300006 PM 23687401 ER PT J AU Ramirez, T Daneshian, M Kamp, H Bois, FY Clench, MR Coen, M Donley, B Fischer, SM Ekman, DR Fabian, E Guillou, C Heuer, J Hogberg, HT Jungnickel, H Keun, HC Krennrich, G Krupp, E Luch, A Noor, F Peter, E Riefke, B Seymour, M Skinner, N Smirnova, L Verheij, E Wagner, S Hartung, T van Ravenzwaay, B Leist, M AF Ramirez, Tzutzuy Daneshian, Mardas Kamp, Hennicke Bois, Frederic Y. Clench, Malcolm R. Coen, Muireann Donley, Beth Fischer, Steven M. Ekman, Drew R. Fabian, Eric Guillou, Claude Heuer, Joachim Hogberg, Helena T. Jungnickel, Harald Keun, Hector C. Krennrich, Gerhard Krupp, Eckart Luch, Andreas Noor, Fozia Peter, Erik Riefke, Bjoern Seymour, Mark Skinner, Nigel Smirnova, Lena Verheij, Elwin Wagner, Silvia Hartung, Thomas van Ravenzwaay, Bennard Leist, Marcel TI Metabolomics in Toxicology and Preclinical Research SO ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Article DE metabolomics; toxicology; preclinical research; regulatory toxicology ID CELL-CULTURE PRACTICE; IN-VITRO; SYSTEMS TOXICOLOGY; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; 21(ST) CENTURY; FLUX ANALYSIS; MODEL SYSTEM; TASK-FORCE; FOOD; BIOMARKERS AB Metabolomics, the comprehensive analysis of metabolites in a biological system, provides detailed information about the biochemical/physiological status of a biological system, and about the changes caused by chemicals. Metabolomics analysis is used in many fields, ranging from the analysis of the physiological status of genetically modified organisms in safety science to the evaluation of human health conditions. In toxicology, metabolomics is the -omics discipline that is most closely related to classical knowledge of disturbed biochemical pathways. It allows rapid identification of the potential targets of a hazardous compound. It can give information on target organs and often can help to improve our understanding regarding the mode-of-action of a given compound. Such insights aid the discovery of biomarkers that either indicate pathophysiological conditions or help the monitoring of the efficacy of drug therapies. The first toxicological applications of metabolomics were for mechanistic research, but different ways to use the technology in a regulatory context are being explored. Ideally, further progress in that direction will position the metabolomics approach to address the challenges of toxicology of the 21st century. To address these issues, scientists from academia, industry, and regulatory bodies came together in a workshop to discuss the current status of applied metabolomics and its potential in the safety assessment of compounds. We report here on the conclusions of three working groups addressing questions regarding 1) metabolomics for in vitro studies 2) the appropriate use of metabolomics in systems toxicology, and 3) use of metabolomics in a regulatory context. C1 [Ramirez, Tzutzuy; Kamp, Hennicke; Fabian, Eric; van Ravenzwaay, Bennard] BASF SE, Expt Toxicol & Ecol, Ludwigshafen, Germany. [Daneshian, Mardas; Hartung, Thomas; Leist, Marcel] Univ Constance, Ctr Alternat Anim Testing Europe, D-78457 Constance, Germany. [Bois, Frederic Y.] Univ Technol Compiegne, Royallieu Res Ctr, Compiegne, France. [Clench, Malcolm R.] Sheffield Hallam Univ, Biomed Res Ctr, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire, England. [Coen, Muireann; Keun, Hector C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Donley, Beth] Stemina Biomarker Discovery Inc, Madison, WI USA. [Fischer, Steven M.] Agilent Technol, Agilent Life Sci Grp, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Ekman, Drew R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. [Guillou, Claude] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Heuer, Joachim] BfR Fed Inst Risk Assessment, Dept Sci Serv, Berlin, Germany. [Hogberg, Helena T.; Smirnova, Lena; Hartung, Thomas] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, CAAT, Baltimore, MD USA. [Jungnickel, Harald; Luch, Andreas; Smirnova, Lena] BfR Fed Inst Risk Assessment, Dept Prod Safety, Berlin, Germany. [Krennrich, Gerhard] BASF SE, GVC S Sci Comp, Ludwigshafen, Germany. [Krupp, Eckart] Sanofi Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Genet & Invest Toxicol, Frankfurt, Germany. [Noor, Fozia] Univ Saarland, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. [Peter, Erik; Wagner, Silvia] Metan GmbH, Berlin, Germany. [Riefke, Bjoern] Bayer Pharma AG, Invest Toxicol, Berlin, Germany. [Skinner, Nigel] Agilent Technol, London, England. [Verheij, Elwin] TNO Qual Life, Zeist, Netherlands. [Leist, Marcel] Doerenkamp Zbinden Chair Vitro Toxicol & Biomed, Constance, Germany. RP Daneshian, M (reprint author), Univ Constance, Ctr Alternat Anim Testing Europe, Univ Str 10 POB 600, D-78457 Constance, Germany. EM tzutzuy.ramirez-hernandez@basf.com; mardas.daneshian@uni-konstanz.de; thartung@jhsph.edu; bennard.ravenzwaay@basf.com; marcel.leist@uni-konstanz.de RI Bois, Frederic/E-9241-2012; Leist, Marcel/D-2133-2010 OI Bois, Frederic/0000-0002-4154-0391; Leist, Marcel/0000-0002-3778-8693 FU Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation; NIH [RO1ES020750]; FDA [U01FD004230]; State of Baden-Wurttemberg FX Work by Thomas Hartung and Helena Hogberg on metabolomics is supported by the NIH transformative research grant "Mapping the Human Toxome by Systems Toxicology" (RO1ES020750) and the FDA grant "DNTox-21c identification of pathways of developmental neurotoxicity for high throughput testing by metabolomics" (U01FD004230). Work by Mardas Daneshian and Marcel Leist was supported by the State of Baden-Wurttemberg and the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation. NR 82 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 6 U2 49 PU SPEKTRUM AKADEMISCHER VERLAG-SPRINGER-VERLAG GMBH PI HEILDEBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, HEILDEBERG, 69121, GERMANY SN 1868-596X J9 ALTEX-ALTERN ANIM EX JI ALTEX-Altern. Anim. Exp. PY 2013 VL 30 IS 2 BP 209 EP 225 PG 17 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 140PR UT WOS:000318667900007 PM 23665807 ER PT J AU Howden, R Gougian, E Lawrence, M Cividanes, S Gladwell, W Miller-DeGraff, L Myers, PH Rouse, DC Devlin, RB Cho, HY Kleeberger, SR AF Howden, Reuben Gougian, Eva Lawrence, Marcus Cividanes, Samantha Gladwell, Wesley Miller-DeGraff, Laura Myers, Page H. Rouse, D. Clay Devlin, Robert B. Cho, Hye-Youn Kleeberger, Steven R. TI The Influence of Nrf2 on Cardiac Responses to Environmental Stressors SO OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE; PULMONARY RESPONSE AB Nrf2 protects the lung from adverse responses to oxidants, including 100% oxygen (hyperoxia) and airborne pollutants like particulate matter (PM) exposure, but the role of Nrf2 on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) responses is not known. We hypothesized that genetic disruption of Nrf2 would exacerbate murine HR and HRV responses to severe hyperoxia or moderate PM exposures. Nrf2(-/-) and Nrf2(+/+) mice were instrumented for continuous ECG recording to calculate HR and HRV (low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and total power (TP)). Mice were then either exposed to hyperoxia for up to 72 hrs or aspirated with ultrafine PM (UF-PM). Compared to respective controls, UF-PM induced significantly greater effects on HR (P < 0.001) and HF HRV (P < 0.001) in Nrf2(-/-) mice compared to Nrf2(+/+) mice Nrf2(-/-) mice tolerated hyperoxia significantly less than Nrf2(+/+) mice (similar to 22 hrs; P < 0.001). Reductions in HR, LF, HF, and TP HRV were also significantly greater in Nrf2(-/-) compared to Nrf2(+/+) mice (P < 0.01). Results demonstrate that Nrf2 deletion increases susceptibility to change in HR and HRV responses to environmental stressors and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to prevent cardiovascular alterations. C1 [Howden, Reuben; Lawrence, Marcus; Cividanes, Samantha] Univ N Carolina, Dept Kinesiol, Lab Syst Physiol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Gougian, Eva; Gladwell, Wesley; Miller-DeGraff, Laura; Cho, Hye-Youn; Kleeberger, Steven R.] Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Myers, Page H.] Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Comparat Med Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Rouse, D. Clay] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Lab Anim Resources, Durham, NC USA. [Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Howden, R (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Kinesiol, Lab Syst Physiol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM rhowden@uncc.edu FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services FX This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1942-0900 J9 OXID MED CELL LONGEV JI Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev. PY 2013 AR 901239 DI 10.1155/2013/901239 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 141MH UT WOS:000318728800001 ER PT J AU Luo, PP He, B Chaffe, PLB Nover, D Takara, K Rozainy, MAZMR AF Luo, Pingping He, Bin Borges Chaffe, Pedro Luiz Nover, Daniel Takara, Kaoru Rozainy, M. A. Z. Mohd Remy TI Statistical analysis and estimation of annual suspended sediments of major rivers in Japan SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TREND ANALYSIS; LAND-USE; CATCHMENT; DYNAMICS; RUNOFF; IMPACT; BAY; SENSITIVITY AB We evaluate the spatiotemporal trendsof recent suspended sediment conditions in Japanese rivers. Statistical and spatiotemporal trend analysis is conducted on the 92 major rivers in Japan based on water quality monitoring data from 1992 to 2005. The Mann-Kendall non-parametric method was used to investigate the spatial and temporal trends for the suspended sediment indicator. Results show that the mean concentration of suspended sediments in Japanese rivers has generally declined in recent years, although there are still water quality problems at some monitoring sites (Kanto, Chubu, Kinki and Kyushu regions). A positive relationship between observed yearly discharge and suspended sediment load was found. Land use maps with 100 meter spatial resolution were used to apply an empirical model and develop a regression model for estimating annual suspended sediment loads directly from land use and hydrologic data. Rivers were assigned to three groups according to statistical cluster analysis of suspended sediment (SS) concentration. The correlation between the simulation result from the empirical model and the observed data had R-2 values of 0.62 and 0.71 for groups 2 and 3, and the correlation between the simulation result from the regression model and the observed data had R-2 values of 0.48 and 0.34 for groups 2 and 3. Results show that the proposed simulation technique can be used to predict the pollutant loads to river basins in Japan. Results also suggest prioritization methods and strategies that policy-makers can use to address suspended sediment pollution in rivers and water quality management in general. C1 [Luo, Pingping; He, Bin; Takara, Kaoru] Kyoto Univ, DPRI, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [He, Bin] Kyoto Univ, Ctr Promot Interdisciplinary Educ & Res, Educ Unit Adaptat & Resilience Sustainable Soc, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Borges Chaffe, Pedro Luiz] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Engn Sanit & Ambiental, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Nover, Daniel] US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC USA. [Rozainy, M. A. Z. Mohd Remy] Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Civil Engn, Perai Selatan 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. RP Luo, PP (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, DPRI, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. EM robertlouping@flood.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp; hebin@flood.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI He, Bin/F-8497-2014 OI He, Bin/0000-0002-3475-4324 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [P12055]; JSPS KAKENHI [24 02055]; Designing Local Frameworks for Integrated Water Resources Management at the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN); JSPS [24248041]; Kyoto University Global COE program on "Sustainability/Survivability Science for a Resilient Society Adaptable to Extreme Weather Conditions"; Inter-Graduate School Program for Sustainable Development and Survivable Societies (GSS); MEXT FX This study was supported by the Postdoctoral fellowship of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) P12055, JSPS KAKENHI Grant number 24 02055, Designing Local Frameworks for Integrated Water Resources Management at the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN), JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(A) Grant number 24248041, the Kyoto University Global COE program on "Sustainability/Survivability Science for a Resilient Society Adaptable to Extreme Weather Conditions", Inter-Graduate School Program for Sustainable Development and Survivable Societies (GSS), and MEXT Program for Leading Graduate Schools 2011-2018. The authors are grateful for their support. We also thank Professor Yasuhiro Takemon and Dr Apip at DPRI, Kyoto University, for providing us great comments on this paper. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2013 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1052 EP 1061 DI 10.1039/c3em30777h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135SV UT WOS:000318309700016 PM 23563480 ER PT J AU Gawande, MB Bonifacio, VDB Varma, RS Nogueira, ID Bundaleski, N Ghumman, CAA Teodoro, OMND Branco, PS AF Gawande, Manoj B. Bonifacio, Vasco D. B. Varma, Rajender S. Nogueira, Isabel D. Bundaleski, Nenad Ghumman, C. Amjad A. Teodoro, Orlando M. N. D. Branco, Paula S. TI Magnetically recyclable magnetite-ceria (Nanocat-Fe-Ce) nanocatalyst - applications in multicomponent reactions under benign conditions SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS; MIXED-METAL OXIDES; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST; TRANSFER HYDROGENATION; COBALT NANOPARTICLES; COUPLING REACTIONS; FACILE SYNTHESIS; GREEN SYNTHESIS AB A novel magnetite nanoparticle-supported ceria catalyst (Nanocat-Fe-Ce) has been successfully prepared by a simple impregnation method and was characterized by XRD, SIMS, FEG-SEM-EDS, and TEM. The exact nature of Nanocat-Fe-Ce was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and it is noted that CeO2 nanoparticles are supported on magnetite, with evidence of secondary ion mass spectrometry. Catalytic activity of the nano-catalyst was explored for the synthesis of dihydropyridines under benign conditions; a greener protocol is described that provides a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of functionalized 1,4-dihydropyridines using a recyclable nanocatalyst. Notably, 5.22 mol% of the catalyst is sufficient to catalyze the multicomponent reaction in ethanolic medium at room temperature. Importantly, the catalyst could be easily separated from the reaction mixture by using an external magnet and recycled several times without loss of activity. C1 [Gawande, Manoj B.; Bonifacio, Vasco D. B.; Branco, Paula S.] Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Chem, REQUIMTE, P-2829516 Lisbon, Portugal. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Nogueira, Isabel D.] IST, Inst Ciencia & Engn Mat & Superficies, Lisbon, Portugal. [Bundaleski, Nenad; Ghumman, C. Amjad A.; Teodoro, Orlando M. N. D.] Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Ctr Phys & Technol Res CeFITec, Dept Phys, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. RP Gawande, MB (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Chem, REQUIMTE, P-2829516 Lisbon, Portugal. EM m.gawande@fct.unl.pt; paula.branco@fct.unl.pt RI REQUIMTE, AL/H-9106-2013; Bonifacio, Vasco/A-8653-2008; REQUIMTE, ORG/M-4578-2013; REQUIMTE, LAQV/N-9835-2013; Branco, Paula/I-6567-2012; OI Bonifacio, Vasco/0000-0003-2349-8473; Branco, Paula/0000-0002-7312-8596; Teodoro, Orlando/0000-0002-3424-2847; Bundaleski, Nenad/0000-0002-5958-2282 FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011, PEst-OE/FIS/UI0068/2011]; PRAXIS program [SFRH/BPD/64934/2009] FX This work has been supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia through grant PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011 and PEst-OE/FIS/UI0068/2011. M. B. Gawande also thanks the PRAXIS program for the award of a research fellowship (SFRH/BPD/64934/2009). NR 77 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 76 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1226 EP 1231 DI 10.1039/c3gc40375k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 135OB UT WOS:000318296700020 ER PT J AU Yuan, LL AF Yuan, Lester L. TI Using correlation of daily flows to identify index gauges for ungauged streams SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BASEFLOW CORRELATION; PREDICTION; CLASSIFICATION; INTERPOLATION; CATCHMENTS; REGIMES; BASINS; RIVERS; SITES; WATER AB Predictions of daily flows in ungauged streams frequently rely on index gauges, where the timing of the daily flow at the index gauge is assumed to be similar to that in the ungauged stream. When some limited flow measurements are available at the ungauged sites, the strength of correlation between these flows and candidate index gauges can inform the selection of the index gauges. Here the use of the correlation of daily flows to select index gauges is systematically evaluated using a large flow data set from the Ohio River Valley, USA. Then, a novel method is introduced for predicting the strength with which daily flows at different gauges are correlated with daily flow at a completely ungauged site, using the physical characteristics of the ungauged site. The index gauges can then be selected based on these predicted correlations. The analysis indicates that this new method provides a means of identifying index sites that will yield a desired level of accuracy in flow predictions at ungauged locations. The ungauged sites at which sufficient index gauges are not available are also identified, and flow predictions are not calculated for these sites. Using this new method improves the overall accuracy of predicted flows, relative to existing methods. Citation: Yuan, L. L. (2013), Using correlation of daily flows to identify index gauges for ungauged streams, Water Resour. Res., 49, doi: 10.1002/wrcr.20070. C1 US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Yuan, LL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 4304T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM yuan.lester@epa.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 604 EP 613 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20070 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 129GR UT WOS:000317827600044 ER PT J AU Bash, JO Cooter, EJ Dennis, RL Walker, JT Pleim, JE AF Bash, J. O. Cooter, E. J. Dennis, R. L. Walker, J. T. Pleim, J. E. TI Evaluation of a regional air-quality model with bidirectional NH3 exchange coupled to an agroecosystem model SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; AMMONIA EMISSION INVENTORY; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATED SURFACES; REACTIVE NITROGEN; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; DEPOSITION; POLLUTION; CANOPY AB Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is the primary atmospheric base and an important precursor for inorganic particulate matter and when deposited NH3 contributes to surface water eutrophication, soil acidification and decline in species biodiversity. Flux measurements indicate that the air-surface exchange of NH3 is bidirectional. However, the effects of bidirectional exchange, soil biogeochemistry and human activity are not parameterized in air quality models. The US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Community Multiscale Air-Quality (CMAQ) model with bidirectional NH3 exchange has been coupled with the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) agroecosystem model. The coupled CMAQ-EPIC model relies on EPIC fertilization timing, rate and composition while CMAQ models the soil ammonium (NH4+) pool by conserving the ammonium mass due to fertilization, evasion, deposition, and nitrification processes. This mechanistically coupled modeling system reduced the biases and error in NHx (NH3 + NH4+) wet deposition and in ambient aerosol concentrations in an annual 2002 Continental US (CONUS) domain simulation when compared to a 2002 annual simulation of CMAQ without bidirectional exchange. Fertilizer emissions estimated in CMAQ 5.0 with bidirectional exchange exhibits markedly different seasonal dynamics than the US EPA's National Emissions Inventory (NEI), with lower emissions in the spring and fall and higher emissions in July. C1 [Bash, J. O.; Cooter, E. J.; Dennis, R. L.; Pleim, J. E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Walker, J. T.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bash, JO (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bash.jesse@epa.gov RI Bash, Jesse/E-9688-2013; Walker, John/I-8880-2014; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017; OI Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082; Bash, Jesse/0000-0001-8736-0102 NR 48 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1635 EP 1645 DI 10.5194/bg-10-1635-2013 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 118FV UT WOS:000317010600026 ER PT J AU Garmestani, AS Benson, MH AF Garmestani, Ahjond S. Benson, Melinda Harm TI A Framework for Resilience-based Governance of Social-Ecological Systems SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adaptive governance; adaptive management; environmental governance; intermediaries; panarchy; reflexive law; resilience; resilience-based governance ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAW; ECOSYSTEMS; SCALE; TRANSFORMABILITY; DISCONTINUITIES; ADAPTABILITY; COMANAGEMENT; TRANSITIONS AB Panarchy provides a heuristic to characterize the cross-scale dynamics of social-ecological systems and a framework for how governance institutions should behave to be compatible with the ecosystems they manage. Managing for resilience will likely require reform of law to account for the dynamics of social-ecological systems and achieve a substantive mandate that accommodates the need for adaptation. In this paper, we suggest expansive legal reform by identifying the principles of reflexive law as a possible mechanism for achieving a shift to resilience-based governance and leveraging cross-scale dynamics to provide resilience-based responses to increasingly challenging environmental conditions. C1 [Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Benson, Melinda Harm] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Garmestani, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 74 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 68 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2013 VL 18 IS 1 AR 9 DI 10.5751/ES-05180-180109 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120PZ UT WOS:000317184800011 ER PT J AU Ogle, SM Buendia, L Butterbach-Bahl, K Breidt, FJ Hartman, M Yagi, K Nayamuth, R Spencer, S Wirth, T Smith, P AF Ogle, Stephen M. Buendia, Leandro Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus Breidt, F. Jay Hartman, Melannie Yagi, Kazuyuki Nayamuth, Rasack Spencer, Shannon Wirth, Tom Smith, Pete TI Advancing national greenhouse gas inventories for agriculture in developing countries: improving activity data, emission factors and software technology SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE national greenhouse gas inventory; agricultural greenhouse gas emissions; emission factors; activity data; soil nitrous oxide; rice methane; enteric methane; manure methane; soil organic carbon ID METHANE EMISSIONS; MANAGEMENT IMPACTS; RICE FIELDS; RESOURCES; SYSTEM; FLUXES; CATTLE; SOILS; ASIA; N2O AB Developing countries face many challenges when constructing national inventories of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, such as lack of activity data, insufficient measurements for deriving country-specific emission factors, and a limited basis for assessing GHG mitigation options. Emissions from agricultural production are often significant sources in developing countries, particularly soil nitrous oxide, and livestock enteric and manure methane, in addition to wetland rice methane. Consequently, estimating GHG emissions from agriculture is an important part of constructing developing country inventories. While the challenges may seem insurmountable, there are ways forward such as: (a) efficiently using resources to compile activity data by combining censuses and surveys; (b) using a tiered approach to measure emissions at appropriately selected sites, coupled with modeling to derive country-specific emission factors; and (c) using advanced software systems to guide compilers through the inventory process. With a concerted effort by compilers and assistance through capacity-building efforts, developing country compilers could produce transparent, accurate, complete, consistent and comparable inventories, as recommended by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). In turn, the resulting inventories would provide the foundation for robust GHG mitigation analyses and allow for the development of nationally appropriate mitigation actions and low emission development strategies. C1 [Ogle, Stephen M.; Hartman, Melannie; Spencer, Shannon] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ogle, Stephen M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Buendia, Leandro] Coll Ville, Los Banos 4030, Laguna, Philippines. [Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus] Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Breidt, F. Jay] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Yagi, Kazuyuki] Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Nayamuth, Rasack] Mauritius Sugarcane Ind Res Inst, Le Reduit, Mauritius. [Wirth, Tom] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Smith, Pete] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. RP Ogle, SM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM stephen.ogle@colostate.edu RI Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Smith, Pete/G-1041-2010; Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus/A-8081-2013; OI Smith, Pete/0000-0002-3784-1124; Ogle, Stephen/0000-0003-1899-7446 FU US Environmental Protection Agency [EP-W-08-013/0014]; Defra GHG Platform Projects [AC0114, AC0116]; EU FX The lead author is grateful to the US Environmental Protection Agency for funding to support preparation of the manuscript and journal page charges (Agreement No. EP-W-08-013/0014). We thank Mausami Desai for comments on the manuscript. The contribution of Pete Smith is part of his research on the Defra GHG Platform Projects AC0114 and AC0116 and the EU-funded project GHG-Europe. Pete Smith is a Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award holder. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 81 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 AR 015030 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015030 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118BV UT WOS:000316998300093 ER PT J AU Gawande, MB Branco, PS Varma, RS AF Gawande, Manoj B. Branco, Paula S. Varma, Rajender S. TI Nano-magnetite (Fe3O4) as a support for recyclable catalysts in the development of sustainable methodologies SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS; N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENES; ASSISTED ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS MICELLAR MEDIA; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; HYDROGENATION REACTIONS; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; COUPLING REACTIONS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB Surface functionalization of nano-magnetic nanoparticles is a well-designed way to bridge the gap between heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. The introduction of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in a variety of solid matrices allows the combination of well-known procedures for catalyst heterogenization with techniques for magnetic separation. Magnetite is a well-known material, also known as ferrite (Fe3O4), and can be used as a versatile support for functionalization of metals, organocatalysts, N-heterocyclic carbenes, and chiral catalysts. It is used as a support for important homogeneous catalytically active metals such as Pd, Pt, Cu, Ni, Co, Ir, etc. to obtain stable and magnetically recyclable heterogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous organocatalysts can be successfully decorated with linkers/ligands on the surface of magnetite or alternatively the organocatalysts can be directly immobilized on the surface of magnetite. The functionalized magnetically retrievable catalysts or nanocatalysts that are increasingly being used in catalysis, green chemistry and pharmaceutically significant reactions are summarized in this review. C1 [Gawande, Manoj B.; Branco, Paula S.] Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Quim, REQUIMTE, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Gawande, MB (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Quim, REQUIMTE, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. EM mbgawande@yahoo.co.in; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov RI Caparica, cqfb_staff/H-2611-2013; REQUIMTE, AL/H-9106-2013; Branco, Paula/I-6567-2012 OI Branco, Paula/0000-0002-7312-8596 FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011]; PRAXIS [SFRH/BPD/64934/2009] FX This work has been supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia through grant PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011. Manoj B. Gawande thanks the PRAXIS program for the award of research fellowship SFRH/BPD/64934/2009. NR 225 TC 399 Z9 403 U1 72 U2 669 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2013 VL 42 IS 8 BP 3371 EP 3393 DI 10.1039/c3cs35480f PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 116FZ UT WOS:000316869700013 PM 23420127 ER PT J AU Januch, J Brattin, W Woodbury, L Berry, D AF Januch, J. Brattin, W. Woodbury, L. Berry, D. TI Evaluation of a fluidized bed asbestos segregator preparation method for the analysis of low-levels of asbestos in soil and other solid media SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID MONTANA; FIBERS; LIBBY; DIFFRACTION AB The fluidized bed asbestos segregator (FBAS) is a sample preparation instrument that utilizes air elutriation to separate asbestos structures from heavier matrix particles and deposit these structures onto a filter which can then be analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or other appropriate microscopic techniques. The performance of the FBAS preparation method was evaluated using a variety of performance evaluation (PE) standards that spanned different matrix materials (soil and vermiculite) and different types of asbestos (chrysotile and amphibole). Results for these PE standards show that there is an approximately linear relationship between the concentration of asbestos in the PE standard (as mass percent) and the mean concentration estimated by the TEM analysis following preparation by FBAS, expressed as asbestos structures captured on the filter per gram of test material (s g(-1)). Method detection limits achieved in these studies ranged from 0.002% to 0.005% by weight, which is approximately 100-times lower than the detection limits that are usually achieved using other analytical methods for asbestos in soil and other solid media. The FBAS unit is compact, fitting into a standard laboratory fume hood, and components of the unit are relatively easy to decontaminate or are disposable. The FBAS unit construction and operation costs are relatively low and sample throughput is high (up to 20 samples per day). Current research using the FBAS unit is ongoing and an inter-laboratory validation study is in progress. C1 [Januch, J.] US EPA, Seattle, WA USA. [Brattin, W.] SRC Inc, Denver, CO USA. [Woodbury, L.] CDM Smith, Denver, CO USA. [Berry, D.] US EPA, Denver, CO USA. RP Berry, D (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 8, Denver, CO USA. EM januch.jed@epa.gov; brattin@srcinc.com; woodburyl@cdmsmith.com; berry.david@epa.gov FU EPA Headquarters, Washington, DC FX Marion "Doc" Thompson, EPA Region 10, Port Orchard Laboratory, Port Orchard, WA for constructing the FBAS units. Steve Wilson, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO and Owen Crankshaw, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC for creation of the PE standards. Jim Konz, EPA Headquarters, Washington, DC for providing funding and technical support. Alan Jensen, Steve Hall, Joe Grojean, Eric Goetz, Ecology & Environment, Inc., Seattle, WA and Mike Lenkauskas, Shaw Environmental and Infrastructure Group, Cambridge, MA for technical support. Terry Smith, EPA Headquarters, Washington, DC and Jennifer Crawford, EPA Region 10, Seattle, WA for quality assurance support. Christopher Pace and Sharon Nickels, EPA Region 10, Seattle, WA for contracting support. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2013 VL 5 IS 7 BP 1658 EP 1668 DI 10.1039/c3ay26254e PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA 106CH UT WOS:000316118500004 ER PT J AU Li, R Wiedinmyer, C Baker, KR Hannigan, MP AF Li, R. Wiedinmyer, C. Baker, K. R. Hannigan, M. P. TI Characterization of coarse particulate matter in the western United States: a comparison between observation and modeling SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; MINERAL DUST PARTICLES; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; LOS-ANGELES AREA; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; MASS CONCENTRATIONS; CMAQ MODEL; PART II AB We provide a regional characterization of coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5) spanning the western United States based on the analysis of measurements from 50 sites reported in the US EPA Air Quality System (AQS) and two state agencies. We found that the observed PM10-2.5 concentrations show significant spatial variability and distinct spatial patterns, associated with the distributions of land use/land cover and soil moisture. The highest concentrations were observed in the southwestern US, where sparse vegetation, shrublands or barren lands dominate with lower soil moistures, whereas the lowest concentrations were observed in areas dominated by grasslands, forest, or croplands with higher surface soil moistures. The observed PM10-2.5 concentrations also show variable seasonal, weekly, and diurnal patterns, indicating a variety of sources and their relative importance at different locations. The observed results were compared to modeled PM10-2.5 concentrations from an annual simulation using the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system (CMAQ) that has been designed for regulatory or policy assessments of a variety of pollutants including PM10, which consists of PM10-2.5 and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The model under-predicts PM10-2.5 observations at 49 of 50 sites, among which 14 sites have annual observation means that are at least five times greater than model means. Model results also fail to reproduce their spatial patterns. Important sources (e. g. pollen, bacteria, fungal spores, and geogenic dust) were not included in the emission inventory used and/or the applied emissions were greatly under-estimated. Unlike the observed patterns that are more complex, modeled PM10-2.5 concentrations show the similar seasonal, weekly, and diurnal pattern; the temporal allocations in the modeling system need improvement. CMAQ does not include organic materials in PM10-2.5; however, speciation measurements show that organics constitute a significant component. The results improve our understanding of sources and behavior of PM10-2.5 and suggest avenues for future improvements to models that simulate PM10-2.5 emissions, transport and fate. C1 [Li, R.; Wiedinmyer, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Li, R.; Hannigan, M. P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Baker, K. R.] US EPA, OAQPS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Li, R (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO USA. EM rlimail@yahoo.ca RI Wiedinmyer, Christine/E-2049-2013 FU US Environmental Protection Agency [834552]; National Science Foundation FX This work is supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency (STAR award # 834552). We thank Nick Mangus for his help with AQS data. Thanks also go to Bradley L. Rink for providing us with PM10 and PM2.5 data for the Denver site. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 3 BP 1311 EP 1327 DI 10.5194/acp-13-1311-2013 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096LR UT WOS:000315406100014 ER PT J AU Mamantov, A AF Mamantov, Andrew TI The acid-catalysed benzidine rearrangements may proceed via cation radicals formed by electron transfer to a proton from a hydrazyl nitrogen SO PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM LA English DT Review DE benzidine rearrangements; disproportionation; single electron transfer; homolysis; cation radicals ID TRANSITION-STATE DIFFERENCES; SEMIDINE REARRANGEMENTS; CONCERTED NATURE; MECHANISM; DECOLORIZATION; DIPHENYLINE; DEGRADATION AB The acid-catalysed benzidine rearrangements are proposed to proceed via cation radical intermediates which arise by rapid electron transfer from a neutral nitrogen of the hydrazyl moiety to a proton. Consequently, both the concerted rearrangements, Table 1, benzidines, 4-methoxy-p-semidine formation, Eqns (2), (3) and o,o'-biaryl-linked products, and non-concerted rearrangements, Table 2, diphenyline, o-semidine, Eqns (5), (6) and perhaps 4-chloro-p-semidine, may proceed via cation radical structures involving radical C-C bond formations and homolytic N-N bond cleavages. This is contrary to the current view of the Polar Transition State theory which postulates heterolytic bond formations and cleavages, Schemes 1, 3 and 4. Mono-substituted and 4,4'-disubstituted hydrazobenzenes are proposed to undergo oxidation of the most basic nitrogen as inferred from the estimated pK(a)s as determined by the SPARC program. This can explain why of the two possible o-semidine rearrangement products, 2,N' and N,2'-linked, the observed major o-semidine has the substituent para to the amino group, e. g. Eqn (5). However, if one of the para substituents is a halogen, it is the nitrogen para to the halogen which undergoes SET and oxidation. In these second-order acid reactions, this can be explained by protonation of the most basic nitrogen followed by SET from the hydrazyl nitrogen para to the halogen. In the case of 4,4'-disubstitution, the hydrazobenzene may not lose its substituents readily and undergoes a rapid one-electron reduction and consequent disproportionation reaction as shown in Eqn (8). Thus the kinetics, first-order in hydrazoarene and the same kinetic order in acid for both disproportionation and rearrangement, are explained. C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox 7406M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Mamantov, A (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox 7406M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM mamantov.andy@epa.gov NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 18 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1468-6783 J9 PROG REACT KINET MEC JI Prog. React. Kinet. Mech. PY 2013 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 31 DI 10.3184/146867812X13558462864799 PG 31 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 105VO UT WOS:000316101000001 ER PT J AU Hou, WC Westerhoff, P Posner, JD AF Hou, Wen-Che Westerhoff, Paul Posner, Jonathan D. TI Biological accumulation of engineered nanomaterials: a review of current knowledge SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Review ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; AQUEOUS C-60 CLUSTERS; CDSE/ZNS QUANTUM DOTS; OCTANOL-WATER DISTRIBUTION; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT AB Due to the widespread use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in consumer and industrial products, concerns have been raised over their impacts once released into the ecosystems. While there has been a wealth of studies on the short-term acute toxic effects of ENMs over the past decade, work on the chronic endpoints, such as biological accumulation, has just begun to increase in last 2-3 years. Here, we comprehensively review over 65 papers on the biological accumulation of ENMs under a range of ecologically relevant exposure conditions in water, soil or sediment with the focus on quantitative comparison among these existing studies. We found that daphnid, fish, and earthworm are the most commonly studied ecological receptors. Current evidence suggests that ENM accumulation level is generally low in fish and earthworms with logarithmic bioconcentration concentration factor and biota-sediment accumulation factor ranging from 0.85-3.43 (L kg(-1)) and 2.21-0.4 (kg kg(-1)), respectively. ENMs accumulated in organisms at the lower trophic level can transfer to higher trophic level animals with the occurrence of biomagnification varying depending on the specific food chain studied. We conclude the review by identifying the challenges and knowledge gaps and propose paths forward. C1 [Hou, Wen-Che; Westerhoff, Paul] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Posner, Jonathan D.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hou, Wen-Che] US EPA, Natl Res Council Associate, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hou, WC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM hou.wen-che@epa.gov; jposner@uw.edu RI Hou, Wen-Che/F-5736-2011 OI Hou, Wen-Che/0000-0001-9884-2932 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64613]; National Science Foundation [CBET-0932885]; NIH Grand Opportunities (RC2) program through NANO-GO NIEHS [DE- FG02-08ER64613]; Semiconductor Research Corporation [425.025] FX Financial support was provided by the United States Department of Energy under Award no. DE-FG02-08ER64613 with Daniel Drell as program manager, National Science Foundation grant number CBET-0932885, NIH Grand Opportunities (RC2) program through NANO-GO NIEHS grant DE- FG02-08ER64613, and Semiconductor Research Corporation task number 425.025. NR 144 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 14 U2 281 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2013 VL 15 IS 1 BP 103 EP 122 DI 10.1039/c2em30686g PG 20 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096HZ UT WOS:000315396100009 PM 24592431 ER PT J AU Liu, XY Chen, GX Keller, AA Su, CM AF Liu, Xuyang Chen, Gexin Keller, Arturo A. Su, Chunming TI Effects of dominant material properties on the stability and transport of TiO2 nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes in aquatic environments: from synthesis to fate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Review ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; METAL-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; DIVALENT ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; SATURATED SAND COLUMNS; POROUS-MEDIA ROLE; AGGREGATION KINETICS; HUMIC-ACID; AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS; IONIC-STRENGTH; HEMATITE NANOPARTICLES AB Recently, increasing studies have focused on the environmental stability, transport, and fate of the anthropogenic nanomaterials in the environment, which contributes to the understanding of the potential risks when released. However, applying nanomaterials from different manufacturers and production methods tends to result in inconsistent experimental data and potentially a biased comparison. The aim of this review is to investigate the dominant material properties that determine the aggregation and deposition behavior of nanomaterials. Herein, we focus on two of the most popular anthropogenic nanomaterials, i.e., titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). We start from the production methods of nanomaterials of different sources, and then examine their influence on the material properties and surface characteristics. The role of the material properties was carefully analyzed and correlated with the stability and transport in aquatic environments. These two case studies may be extended to other nanomaterials with similar surface properties, which will improve our understanding of the impact and risks of anthropogenic nanomaterials in the environment. This study highlights opportunities to design and produce "green" nanomaterials with less environmental risk and no sacrificing of the novel "nano" properties. C1 [Liu, Xuyang; Chen, Gexin] US EPA, Natl Res Council Resident Res Associate, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Keller, Arturo A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Su, Chunming] US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Liu, XY (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Council Resident Res Associate, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM liu.xuyang@epa.gov; su.chunming@epa.gov RI Liu, Xuyang/F-3373-2011 FU National Nanotechnology Initiative through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA); National Science Foundation; Environmental Protection Agency [DBI-0830117] FX This study was funded by the National Nanotechnology Initiative through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). It has not been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and, therefore, does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Dr Keller's contribution was in part supported by the National Science Foundation and the Environmental Protection Agency under Cooperative Agreement number DBI-0830117. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their help in improving the quality of this work. NR 122 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 124 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2013 VL 15 IS 1 BP 169 EP 189 DI 10.1039/c2em30625e PG 21 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096HZ UT WOS:000315396100013 PM 24592435 ER PT J AU Chowdhury, I Walker, SL Mylon, SE AF Chowdhury, Indranil Walker, Sharon L. Mylon, Steven E. TI Aggregate morphology of nano-TiO2: role of primary particle size, solution chemistry, and organic matter SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; FULLERENE C-60 NANOPARTICLES; HEMATITE NANOPARTICLES; MANUFACTURED NANOMATERIALS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS; DIVALENT ELECTROLYTES; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; FULVIC-ACID; KINETICS AB A systematic investigation was conducted to understand the role of aquatic conditions on the aggregate morphology of nano-TiO2, and the subsequent impact on their fate in the environment. In this study, three distinctly sized TiO2 nanoparticles (6, 13, and 23 nm) that had been synthesized with flame spray pyrolysis were employed. Nanoparticle aggregate morphology was measured using static light scattering (SLS) over a wide range of solution chemistry, and in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM). Results showed that primary nanoparticle size can significantly affect the fractal dimension of stable aggregates. A linear relationship was observed between surface areas of primary nanoparticles and fractal dimension indicating that smaller primary nanoparticles can form more compact aggregate in the aquatic environment. The pH, ionic strength, and ion valence also influenced the aggregate morphology of TNPs. Increased pH resulted a decrease in fractal dimension, whereas higher ionic strength resulted increased fractal dimension particularly for monovalent ions. When NOM was present, aggregate fractal dimension was also affected, which was also notably dependent on solution chemistry. Fractal dimension of aggregate increase for 6 nm system in the presence of NOM, whereas a drop in fractal dimension was observed for 13 nm and 23 nm aggregates. This effect was most profound for aggregates comprised of the smallest primary particles suggesting that interactions of NOM with smaller primary nanoparticles are more significant than those with larger ones. The findings from this study will be helpful for the prediction of nanoparticle aggregate fate in the aquatic environment. C1 [Chowdhury, Indranil] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Walker, Sharon L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Mylon, Steven E.] Lafayette Coll, Dept Chem, Easton, PA 18042 USA. RP Mylon, SE (reprint author), Lafayette Coll, Dept Chem, Easton, PA 18042 USA. EM mylons@lafayette.edu FU University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (National Science Foundation and Environmental Protection Agency [DBI-0830117]; CCRAA [P031C080183-09]; National Science Foundation Undergraduate Research and Mentoring grant [MYBEST@UCRDBI-0731660] FX Funding was provided by the University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (National Science Foundation and Environmental Protection Agency under Cooperative Agreement # DBI-0830117). We would like to thank Dr Lutz Madler, and Dr Suman Pokhrel, University of Bremen, Germany for providing the nanomaterials. Finally, we are grateful for the effort of undergraduate research assistants Jose Valle (Funded by CCRAA #P031C080183-09), and Elizabeth Horstman funded by National Science Foundation Undergraduate Research and Mentoring grant (MYBEST@UCRDBI-0731660)). NR 40 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 88 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2013 VL 15 IS 1 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.1039/c2em30680h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096HZ UT WOS:000315396100023 PM 24592445 ER PT J AU Raimondo, S Rutter, H Hemmer, BL Jackson, CR Cripe, GM AF Raimondo, S. Rutter, H. Hemmer, B. L. Jackson, C. R. Cripe, G. M. TI The influence of density on adults and juveniles of the estuarine fish, the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Density; Estuaries; Fish; Maturation ID MARINE FISH; MULTIGENERATIONAL EXPOSURE; DEPENDENT MORTALITY; SEXUAL-MATURATION; SALT-MARSH; REEF FISH; GROWTH; COMPETITION; LACEPEDE; SCALES AB The relationship between population density and demographic rates (e.g. survival, reproduction, and growth) is critical to understand population dynamics and has been widely studied in fishes. Estuarine species are regularly exposed to dramatic changes in density with daily, monthly, and seasonal tide cycles, yet knowledge on how density influences demographic rates of fish within these systems is largely lacking. We evaluated the influence of density on the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) survival, growth, maturation, and reproduction in a series of laboratory studies. Four experiments evaluated the impact of density on demographic rates with and without food limitations and with single (adult) and mixed cohorts (juveniles and adults). The proportion of juveniles to reach sexual maturity was significantly affected by density but was not related to size, indicating that maturation is a function of both the presence and the density of adults. Fecundity was significantly less in the mid-range and high densities compared to the lowest densities tested. There was minimal mortality of both adults and juveniles across all densities, and juvenile growth was only affected at extremely high densities (>500 fish m(-2)). Fish collected from marsh sites using 1 m(2) box samplers provided estimates of the frequency of high fish density in estuarine systems. Highest field densities coincided with densities where sexual maturation and fecundity were altered by density treatments in laboratory fish. These studies provide a baseline assessment of the influence of density on previously unmeasured demographic endpoints for an estuarine species and demonstrate both density dependence and demographic plasticity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Raimondo, S.; Rutter, H.; Hemmer, B. L.; Jackson, C. R.; Cripe, G. M.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Raimondo, S (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM Raimondo.sandy@epa.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 439 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2012.10.018 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 099GO UT WOS:000315609700010 ER PT J AU Collier, KJ Olsen, AR AF Collier, Kevin J. Olsen, Anthony R. TI Monitoring network-design influence on assessment of ecological condition in wadeable streams SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; judgment design; macroinvertebrate; metric; New Zealand; probability design; stratified design ID SOFT-BOTTOMED STREAMS; WATER-QUALITY; NEW-ZEALAND; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; AQUATIC RESOURCES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LAND-USE; SAMPLE; INVERTEBRATES; PERIPHYTON AB We investigated outcomes of three monitoring networks for assessing ecological character and condition of wadeable streams, Waikato region, New Zealand. Site selection was based on professional judgment, stratification within categories of watershed characteristics, or on using an unequal-probability survey design. The professional-judgment network, stratified network and all site analyses included more >= 4th-order streams than for the probability-network survey-design estimates Professional-judgment and stratified network sites and survey-design analyses incorporated higher-quality catchments with coarser substrates. Cumulative frequency distributions indicated that the stratified and/or judgmental networks yielded fewer taxa than did the probability network, and that the stratified network provided lower estimates of the macroinvertebrate community index (MCI). Compared with the probability-network survey-design analysis, the stratified network site analysis underestimated percentage stream length classed as 'Excellent' by the quantitative MCI, and the professional-judgment site and survey-design analyses overestimated the percentage classed 'Fair' by the average score per metric. We conclude that deriving reliable estimates of wadeable stream character and condition requires (1) clearly defining and quantifying the target population for which inferences will be drawn, (2) accounting for probability of site selection and (3) optimising spatial representation across dominant stressor gradients. C1 [Collier, Kevin J.] Waikato Reg Council, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Collier, Kevin J.] Univ Waikato, Environm Res Inst, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Olsen, Anthony R.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Collier, KJ (reprint author), Waikato Reg Council, POB 4010, Hamilton, New Zealand. EM kevin.collier@waikatoregion.govt.nz FU USA Environmental Protection Agency FX Johlene Kelly, Myles Hill, Nathan Singleton, Hannah Jones and Emma Coleman made important contributions to the stream sampling effort. Mark Hamer coordinated the probability survey sampling, and Stephen Moore (Landcare Research) identified invertebrate samples. Bryan Clements and Dan Borman provided excellent GIS support. We appreciate the reviews provided by Phil Larsen, two referees and the associate editor. The information in this article has been funded in part by the USA Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2013 VL 64 IS 2 BP 146 EP 156 DI 10.1071/MF12267 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 094AD UT WOS:000315234300007 ER PT J AU Liang, JQ Fiorino, DJ AF Liang, Jiaqi Fiorino, Daniel J. TI The Implications of Policy Stability for Renewable Energy Innovation in the United States, 19742009 SO POLICY STUDIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE policy stability; policy outcome; R&D spending; renewable energy technology innovation; patent ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; CLIMATE POLICY; INVESTMENT; INCREMENTALISM; UNCERTAINTY; PUNCTUATIONS; PERFORMANCE; EQUILIBRIA; BUDGETARY AB Government support and commitment are of particular importance for renewable energy technology innovation activities, which are highly contingent on policy and market uncertainty. The research focus of this article is to examine the relationship between policy stability in public resource allocation and policy outcomes in renewable energy technologies. With time-series cross-sectional analyses, we test effects of both the stability and magnitude of federal R&D expenditures on patent applications in five renewable energy sectors (i.e., solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, and bioenergy) from 1974 to 2009. The findings show that technology innovation is affected by both the magnitude and stability of government financial commitment. Nevertheless, when industries perceive government support over longer time frames, the magnitude effect loses explanatory power to the stability effect. In addition to federal R&D expenditures, policies pertaining to technology commercialization and marketization are a critical determinant of innovation activities. This study demonstrates that incremental, predictable, and credible expenditures facilitate renewable energy technology development. Conversely, a boom-bust cycle of resource support fails to translate policy goals into intended results. C1 [Liang, Jiaqi] American Univ, Dept Publ Adm & Policy, Sch Publ Affairs, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Liang, Jiaqi] Sch Publ Affairs, Ctr Environm Policy, Austin, TX USA. [Fiorino, Daniel J.] American Univ, Ctr Environm Policy, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Fiorino, Daniel J.] American Univ, Sch Publ Affairs, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Fiorino, Daniel J.] US EPA, AU, Washington, DC USA. RP Liang, JQ (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Publ Adm & Policy, Sch Publ Affairs, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0190-292X J9 POLICY STUD J JI Policy Stud. J. PY 2013 VL 41 IS 1 BP 97 EP 118 DI 10.1111/psj.12004 PG 22 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA 095KA UT WOS:000315331900005 ER PT J AU Myers, T Atkinson, RD Bullock, OR Bash, JO AF Myers, T. Atkinson, R. D. Bullock, O. R., Jr. Bash, J. O. TI Investigation of effects of varying model inputs on mercury deposition estimates in the Southwest US SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; WET DEPOSITION; HG(II); SYSTEM AB The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 4.7.1 was used to simulate mercury wet and dry deposition for a domain covering the continental United States (US). The simulations used MM5-derived meteorological input fields and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Clear Air Mercury Rule (CAMR) emissions inventory. Using sensitivity simulations with different boundary conditions and tracer simulations, this investigation focuses on the contributions of boundary concentrations to deposited mercury in the Southwest (SW) US. Concentrations of oxidized mercury species along the boundaries of the domain, in particular the upper layers of the domain, can make significant contributions to the simulated wet and dry deposition of mercury in the SW US. In order to better understand the contributions of boundary conditions to deposition, inert tracer simulations were conducted to quantify the relative amount of an atmospheric constituent transported across the boundaries of the domain at various altitudes and to quantify the amount that reaches and potentially deposits to the land surface in the SW US. Simulations using alternate sets of boundary concentrations, including estimates from global models (Goddard Earth Observing System-Chem (GEOS-Chem) and the Global/Regional Atmospheric Heavy Metals (GRAHM) model), and alternate meteorological input fields (for different years) are analyzed in this paper. CMAQ dry deposition in the SW US is sensitive to differences in the atmospheric dynamics and atmospheric mercury chemistry parameterizations between the global models used for boundary conditions. C1 [Myers, T.] ICF Int, San Rafael, CA 94903 USA. [Atkinson, R. D.] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Bullock, O. R., Jr.; Bash, J. O.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Myers, T (reprint author), ICF Int, 101 Lucas Valley Rd, San Rafael, CA 94903 USA. EM thomas.myers@icfi.com RI Bash, Jesse/E-9688-2013; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; OI Bash, Jesse/0000-0001-8736-0102 FU Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency; National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency FX Financial support for the modeling conducted in this study was provided by the Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency and by the National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 997 EP 1009 DI 10.5194/acp-13-997-2013 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079LP UT WOS:000314172200030 ER PT J AU Nelson, CM Gilmore, TM Harrington, JM Scheckel, KG Miller, BW Bradham, KD AF Nelson, Clay M. Gilmore, Thomas M. Harrington, James M. Scheckel, Kirk G. Miller, Bradley W. Bradham, Karen D. TI Evaluation of a low-cost commercially available extraction device for assessing lead bioaccessibility in contaminated soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SWINE AB The U.S. EPA's in vitro bioaccessibility (IVBA) method 9200.1-86 defines a validated analytical procedure for the determination of lead bioaccessibility in contaminated soils. The method requires the use of a custom-fabricated extraction device that uses a heated water bath for sample incubation. In an effort to improve ease of use, increase sample throughput, and reduce equipment acquisition and maintenance costs, an alternative low-cost, commercially available extraction device capable of sample incubation via heated air and end-over-end rotation was evaluated. An intra-laboratory study was conducted to compare lead bioaccessibility values derived using the two extraction devices. IVBA values were not statistically different (alpha = 0.05) between the two extraction devices for any of the soils (n = 6) evaluated in this study, with an average difference in mean lead IVBA of 0.8% (s.d. = 0.5%). The commercially available extraction device was able to generate accurate lead IVBA data as compared to the U.S. EPA's expected value for a National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference material soil. The relative percent differences between high and low IVBA values for each soil, a measure of instrument precision, were also not statistically different (alpha = 0.05) between the two extraction devices. The statistical agreement of lead IVBA values observed using the two extraction devices supports the use of a low-cost, commercially available extraction device as a reliable alternative to a custom-fabricated device as required by EPA method 9200.1-86. C1 [Nelson, Clay M.; Bradham, Karen D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Gilmore, Thomas M.] Natl Caucus & Ctr Black Aged Inc, Senior Environm Employment Program, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Harrington, James M.; Miller, Bradley W.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Nelson, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk,109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Code D20, Durham, NC 27711 USA. EM nelson.clay@epa.gov RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2013 VL 15 IS 3 BP 573 EP 578 DI 10.1039/c2em30789h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096IV UT WOS:000315398300004 PM 23738355 ER PT J AU Silva, RG Nadagouda, MN Webster, J Govindaswamy, S Hristovski, KD Ford, RG Patterson, CL Impellitteri, CA AF Silva, Rendahandi G. Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Webster, Jill Govindaswamy, Shekar Hristovski, Kiril D. Ford, Robert G. Patterson, Craig L. Impellitteri, Christopher A. TI Examining the efficiency of muffle furnace-induced alkaline hydrolysis in determining the titanium content of environmental samples containing engineered titanium dioxide particles SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; DIGESTION METHODS; ACID DIGESTION; ICP-MS; NANOPARTICLES; PHOTOCATALYSIS; SPECTROSCOPY; FUSION; SOIL; TI AB A novel muffle furnace (MF)-based potassium hydroxide (KOH) fusion digestion technique was developed and evaluated for different titanium dioxide materials in various solid matrices. Digestion of different environmental samples containing sediments, clay minerals and humic acid with and without TiO2 particles was first performed utilizing the MF-based KOH fusion technique and its dissolution efficacy was compared to a Bunsen burner (BB)-based KOH fusion method. The three types of TiO2 particles (anatase, brookite and rutile) were then digested with the KOH fusion techniques and microwave (MW)-based nitric (HNO3)-hydrofluoric (HF) mixed acid digestion methods. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that Ti recoveries were comparable for the KOH fusion methods (BB and MF). For pure TiO2 particles, the measured Ti recoveries compared to calculated values were 96%, 85% and 87% for anatase, brookite and rutile TiO2 materials, respectively, by the MF-based fusion technique. These recoveries were consistent and less variable than the BB-based fusion technique recoveries of 104%, 97% and 72% and MW-based HNO3-HF mixed acids digestion recoveries of 80%, 81% and 14%, respectively, for anatase, brookite and rutile. Ti percent recoveries and measurement precision decreased for both the BB and MF methods when TiO2 was spiked into sediment, clay minerals, and humic acid. This drop in efficacy was counteracted by more thorough homogenization of the spiked mixtures and by increasing the mass of KOH in the MF fusion process from 1.6 g to 10.0 g. The MF-based fusion technique is consistently superior in digestion efficiency for all three TiO2 polymorphs. The MF-based fusion technique required 20 minutes for digestion of 25 samples (based on in-house Lindberg MF capacity) compared to 8 hours for the same number of samples using the BB-based fusion technique. Thus, the MF-based fusion technique can be used to dissolve a large number of samples in a shorter time (e.g., 500 samples per 8 hours) while conserving energy and eliminating health and safety risks from methods involving HF. C1 [Silva, Rendahandi G.; Webster, Jill] US EPA, Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Inc, Test & Evaluat Facil, Cincinnati, OH 45204 USA. [Govindaswamy, Shekar] US EPA, Lakeshore Engn Serv, Test & Evaluat Facil, Cincinnati, OH 45204 USA. [Hristovski, Kiril D.] Arizona State Univ, Coll Technol & Innovat, Dept Engn, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. RP Impellitteri, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM impellitteri.christopher@epa.gov RI Ford, Robert/N-4634-2014 OI Ford, Robert/0000-0002-9465-2282 FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory of the US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development FX The authors would like to thank Michael Turner and Nancy Shaw (Shaw Environmental and Infrastructure, Inc.) for their help with the laboratory work. This research was funded by the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of the US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development. This work has not been subjected to the Agency's internal review, thus, does not necessarily reflect the views of the USEPA. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2013 VL 15 IS 3 BP 645 EP 652 DI 10.1039/c3em30880d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096IV UT WOS:000315398300012 PM 23738363 ER PT J AU Lin, G Abar, M Vane, LM AF Lin, Gui Abar, Michael Vane, Leland M. TI Mixed Matrix Silicone and Fluorosilicone/Zeolite 4A Membranes for Ethanol Dehydration by Pervaporation SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dehydration; fluorosilicone; mixed matrix; pervaporation ID FILLED POLYMERIC MEMBRANES; SOLUTION-DIFFUSION MODEL; DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; WATER MIXTURES; PDMS-MEMBRANES; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; ZEOLITE MEMBRANES; RUBBER MEMBRANES; VAPOR PERMEATION; ABE FERMENTATION AB The ability of homogeneous and mixed matrix membranes prepared using standard silicone rubber, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), and fluorosilicone rubber, poly(trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane) (PTFPMS), to dehydrate ethanol by pervaporation was evaluated. Although PDMS is generally considered to be the benchmark hydrophobic membrane material in pervaporation, water/ethanol molar permselectivity of a pure PDMS membrane was found to be 0.89 for a feed containing 80/20w/w ethanol/water at 50 degrees C, indicating a slight selectivity for water. Fluorinated groups in PTFPMS improved the water-ethanol permselectivity to 1.85, but decreased the water permeability from 9.7x1012 kmol center dot m/m2 center dot s center dot kPa in PDMS to 5.1x1012 kmol center dot m/m2 center dot s center dot kPa (29,000 and 15,200 Barrer, respectively). These water permeabilities are attractive, particularly since the rubbery materials should not experience the steep declines in water permeability observed with most standard dehydration membranes as water concentration in the feed decreases. However, the water selectivity is lower than desired for most applications. Particles of hydrophilic zeolite 4A were loaded into both PDMS and PTFPMS matrices in an effort to boost water selectivity and further improve water permeability. Water-ethanol permselectivities as high as 11.5 and water permeabilities as high as 23.2x1012 kmol center dot m/m2 center dot s center dot kPa were observed for the PTFPMS/zeolite 4A mixed matrix membranes6 times higher than for the unfilled PTFPMS membrane. C1 [Lin, Gui; Abar, Michael; Vane, Leland M.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vane, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Vane.Leland@EPA.gov NR 98 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 44 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 48 IS 4 BP 523 EP 536 DI 10.1080/01496395.2012.719057 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 083WX UT WOS:000314497600001 ER PT J AU Benfenati, E Pardoe, S Martin, T Diaza, RG Lombardo, A Manganaro, A Gissi, A AF Benfenati, Emilio Pardoe, Simon Martin, Todd Diaza, Rodolfo Gonella Lombardo, Anna Manganaro, Alberto Gissi, Andrea TI Using Toxicological Evidence from QSAR Models in Practice SO ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Article DE bioconcentration; QSAR; REACH ID BCF AB Leading QSAR models provide supporting documentation in addition to a predicted toxicological value. Such information enables the toxicologist to explore the properties of chemical substances as well as to review and to increase the reliability of toxicity predictions. This article focuses on the use of this information in practice. We explore the supporting documentation provided by the EPISuite, T.E.S.T. and VEGA platforms when evaluating the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of three example compounds. Each compound presents a different challenge: to recognize high reliability, analyze complex evidence of reliability, and recognize uncertainty. In each case, we first describe and discuss the supporting documentation provided by the QSAR platforms. We then discuss the judgments on reliability across sectors from 28 toxicologists who used this supporting information and commented on the process. The article demonstrates both the use of QSAR models as tools to reduce or replace in vivo testing, and the need for scientific expertise and rigor in their use. C1 [Benfenati, Emilio; Diaza, Rodolfo Gonella; Lombardo, Anna; Manganaro, Alberto; Gissi, Andrea] Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy. [Pardoe, Simon] PublicSpace Ltd, Lancaster, England. [Martin, Todd] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Benfenati, E (reprint author), Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Lab Environm Chem & Toxicol, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, I-20156 Milan, Italy. OI Gonella Diaza, Rodolfo/0000-0002-4014-109X; Lombardo, Anna/0000-0002-8364-4797 FU EC project ORCHESTRA FX We acknowledge the EC project ORCHESTRA for funding. We acknowledge all the participants of the exercise and Dr Ilias Kotinas, Patras University, for his assistance on the web version of the exercise. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPEKTRUM AKADEMISCHER VERLAG-SPRINGER-VERLAG GMBH PI HEILDEBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, HEILDEBERG, 69121, GERMANY SN 1868-596X J9 ALTEX-ALTERN ANIM EX JI ALTEX-Altern. Anim. Exp. PY 2013 VL 30 IS 1 BP 19 EP 40 PG 22 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 090XH UT WOS:000315012800003 PM 23338804 ER PT J AU Judson, R Kavlock, R Martin, M Reif, D Houck, K Knudsen, T Richard, A Tice, RR Whelan, M Xia, MH Huang, RL Austin, C Daston, G Hartung, T Fowle, JR Wooge, W Tong, WD Dix, D AF Judson, Richard Kavlock, Robert Martin, Matthew Reif, David Houck, Keith Knudsen, Thomas Richard, Ann Tice, Raymond R. Whelan, Maurice Xia, Menghang Huang, Ruili Austin, Christopher Daston, George Hartung, Thomas Fowle, John R., III Wooge, William Tong, Weida Dix, David TI Perspectives on Validation of High-Throughput Assays Supporting 21st Century Toxicity Testing SO ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Evidence-Based Toxicology for the 21st Century - Opportunities and Challenges CY JAN 24-25, 2012 CL Environm Protect Agcy Campus, NC HO Environm Protect Agcy Campus DE validation; in vitro; high-throughput screening ID APPLICABILITY DOMAIN; TOXICOLOGY; FRAMEWORK; CHEMICALS; THOUGHT; FOOD; RECOMMENDATIONS; TOXICOGENOMICS; PRINCIPLES; RELEVANCE AB In vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) assays are seeing increasing use in toxicity testing. HTS assays can simultaneously test many chemicals but have seen limited use in the regulatory arena, in part because of the need to undergo rigorous, time-consuming formal validation. Here we discuss streamlining the validation process, specifically for prioritization applications. By prioritization, we mean a process in which less complex, less expensive, and faster assays are used to prioritize which chemicals are subjected first to more complex, expensive, and slower guideline assays. Data from the HTS prioritization assays is intended to provide a priori evidence that certain chemicals have the potential to lead to the types of adverse effects that the guideline tests are assessing. The need for such prioritization approaches is driven by the fact that there are tens of thousands of chemicals to which people are exposed, but the yearly throughput of most guideline assays is small in comparison. The streamlined validation process would continue to ensure the reliability and relevance of assays for this application. We discuss the following practical guidelines: (1) follow current validation practice to the extent possible and practical; (2) make increased use of reference compounds to better demonstrate assay reliability and relevance; (3) de-emphasize the need for cross-laboratory testing; and (4) implement a web-based, transparent, and expedited peer review process. C1 [Judson, Richard; Kavlock, Robert; Martin, Matthew; Reif, David; Houck, Keith; Knudsen, Thomas; Richard, Ann; Dix, David] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tice, Raymond R.] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Whelan, Maurice] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, EURL ECVAM, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Xia, Menghang; Huang, Ruili; Austin, Christopher] Natl Ctr Adv Translat Sci, Rockville, MD USA. [Daston, George] Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Hartung, Thomas] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Wooge, William] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Tong, Weida] US FDA, Jefferson, AR USA. RP Judson, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr,B205-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM judson.richard@epa.gov OI Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633; Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 67 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 23 PU SPEKTRUM AKADEMISCHER VERLAG-SPRINGER-VERLAG GMBH PI HEILDEBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, HEILDEBERG, 69121, GERMANY SN 1868-596X J9 ALTEX-ALTERN ANIM EX JI ALTEX-Altern. Anim. Exp. PY 2013 VL 30 IS 1 BP 51 EP 66 PG 16 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 090XH UT WOS:000315012800005 PM 23338806 ER PT J AU Stephens, ML Andersen, M Becker, RA Betts, K Boekelheide, K Carney, E Chapin, R Devlin, D Fitzpatrick, S Fowle, JR Harlow, P Hartung, T Hoffmann, S Holsapple, M Jacobs, A Judson, R Naidenko, O Pastoor, T Patlewicz, G Rowan, A Scherer, R Shaikh, R Simon, T Wolf, D Zurlo, J AF Stephens, Martin L. Andersen, Melvin Becker, Richard A. Betts, Kellyn Boekelheide, Kim Carney, Ed Chapin, Robert Devlin, Dennis Fitzpatrick, Suzanne Fowle, John R., III Harlow, Patricia Hartung, Thomas Hoffmann, Sebastian Holsapple, Michael Jacobs, Abigail Judson, Richard Naidenko, Olga Pastoor, Tim Patlewicz, Grace Rowan, Andrew Scherer, Roberta Shaikh, Rashid Simon, Ted Wolf, Douglas Zurlo, Joanne TI Evidence-based Toxicology for the 21st Century: Opportunities and Challenges SO ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Article DE evidence-based toxicology; evidence-based medicine; systematic review; validation; test method assessment ID EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; BIOMARKER QUALIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; URINARY BIOMARKERS; KIDNEY INJURY; FRAMEWORK; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; SCIENCE AB The Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC) was established recently to translate evidence-based approaches from medicine and health care to toxicology in an organized and sustained effort. The EBTC held a workshop on "Evidence-based Toxicology for the 21st Century: Opportunities and Challenges" in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA on January 24-25, 2012. The presentations largely reflected two EBTC priorities: to apply evidence-based methods to assessing the performance of emerging pathway-based testing methods consistent with the 2007 National Research Council report on "Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century" as well as to adopt a governance structure and work processes to move that effort forward. The workshop served to clarify evidence-based approaches and to provide food for thought on substantive and administrative activities for the EBTC. Priority activities include conducting pilot studies to demonstrate the value of evidence-based approaches to toxicology, as well as conducting educational outreach on these approaches. C1 [Stephens, Martin L.; Hartung, Thomas; Scherer, Roberta; Zurlo, Joanne] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Andersen, Melvin] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Becker, Richard A.] Amer Chem Council, Washington, DC USA. [Boekelheide, Kim] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Carney, Ed] Dow Chem, Midland, MI USA. [Chapin, Robert] Pfizer Global R&D, Groton, CT USA. [Devlin, Dennis] ExxonMobil, Irving, TX USA. [Fitzpatrick, Suzanne] US FDA, College Pk, MD USA. [Fowle, John R., III] US EPA, Pittsboro, NC USA. [Harlow, Patricia; Jacobs, Abigail] US FDA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Hoffmann, Sebastian] Seh Consulting Serv, Paderborn, Germany. [Holsapple, Michael] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. [Judson, Richard; Wolf, Douglas] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Naidenko, Olga] Environm Working Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Pastoor, Tim] Syngenta, Greensboro, NC USA. [Patlewicz, Grace] DuPont Haskell Global Ctr Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE USA. [Rowan, Andrew] Humane Soc Int, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Shaikh, Rashid] Hlth Effects Inst, Boston, MA USA. [Simon, Ted] Ted Simon LLC, Winston, GA USA. RP Stephens, ML (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Alternat Anim Testing, 615 N Wolfe St,W7032, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM mstephen@jhsph.edu OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811; Simon, Ted/0000-0001-9405-3020; Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633; Patlewicz, Grace/0000-0003-3863-9689 FU Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation FX The Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration would like to thank the following in connection with its January 2012 workshop: Robert Kavlock and the Environmental Protection Agency for hosting the workshop; Marilyn Principe of the Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing for logistical support; Kellyn Betts for summarizing the comments from the workshop; the American Chemistry Council, American Cleaning Institute, ExxonMobil, and the transatlantic think tank for toxicology (t4) sponsored by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation for financial support; and the Society of Toxicology for its endorsement of the workshop. NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 17 PU SPEKTRUM AKADEMISCHER VERLAG-SPRINGER-VERLAG GMBH PI HEILDEBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, HEILDEBERG, 69121, GERMANY SN 1868-596X EI 1868-8551 J9 ALTEX-ALTERN ANIM EX JI ALTEX-Altern. Anim. Exp. PY 2013 VL 30 IS 1 BP 74 EP 103 PG 30 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 090XH UT WOS:000315012800007 PM 23338808 ER PT J AU Walker, JT Jones, MR Bash, JO Myles, L Meyers, T Schwede, D Herrick, J Nemitz, E Robarge, W AF Walker, J. T. Jones, M. R. Bash, J. O. Myles, L. Meyers, T. Schwede, D. Herrick, J. Nemitz, E. Robarge, W. TI Processes of ammonia air-surface exchange in a fertilized Zea mays canopy SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID N-(N-BUTYL) THIOPHOSPHORIC TRIAMIDE; BOWEN-RATIO TECHNIQUE; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; COMPENSATION POINT; APPLIED UREA; FLUXES; SOILS; VOLATILIZATION; LEAVES AB Recent incorporation of coupled soil biogeochemical and bi-directional NH3 air-surface exchange algorithms into regional air quality models holds promise for further reducing uncertainty in estimates of NH3 emissions from fertilized soils. While this represents a significant advancement over previous approaches, the evaluation and improvement of such modeling systems for fertilized crops requires process-level field measurements over extended periods of time that capture the range of soil, vegetation, and atmospheric conditions that drive short-term (i.e., post-fertilization) and total growing season NH3 fluxes. This study examines the processes of NH3 air-surface exchange in a fertilized corn (Zea mays) canopy over the majority of a growing season to characterize soil emissions after fertilization and investigate soil-canopy interactions. Micrometeorological flux measurements above the canopy, measurements of soil, leaf apoplast and dew/guttation chemistry, and a combination of in-canopy measurements, inverse source/sink, and resistance modeling were employed. Over a period of approximately 10 weeks following fertilization, daily mean and median net canopy-scale fluxes yielded cumulative total N losses of 8.4% and 6.1 %, respectively, of the 134 kg N ha(-1) surface applied to the soil as urea ammonium nitrate (UAN). During the first month after fertilization, daily mean emission fluxes were positively correlated with soil temperature and soil volumetric water. Diurnally, maximum hourly average fluxes of approximate to 700 ng N m(-2) s(-1) occurred near mid-day, coincident with the daily maximum in friction velocity. Net emission was still observed 5 to 10 weeks after fertilization, although midday peak fluxes had declined to approximate to 125 ng N m(-2) s(-1). A key finding of the surface chemistry measurements was the observation of high pH (7.0-8.5) in leaf dew/guttation, which reduced the ability of the canopy to recapture soil emissions during wet periods. In-canopy measurements near peak leaf area index (LAI) indicated that the concentration of NH3 just above the soil surface was highly positively correlated with soil volumetric water, which likely reflects the influence of soil moisture on resistance to gaseous diffusion through the soil profile and hydrolysis of remaining urea. Inverse source/sink and resistance modeling indicated that the canopy recaptured approximate to 76% of soil emissions near peak LAI. Stomatal uptake may account for 12-34% of total uptake by foliage during the day compared to 66-88% deposited to the cuticle. Future process-level NH3 studies in fertilized cropping systems should focus on the temporal dynamics of net emission to the atmosphere from fertilization to peak LAI and improvement of soil and cuticular resistance parameterizations. C1 [Walker, J. T.; Jones, M. R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Bash, J. O.; Schwede, D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Myles, L.; Meyers, T.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Herrick, J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Jones, M. R.; Nemitz, E.] CEH, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [Robarge, W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Walker, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27711 USA. EM walker.johnt@epa.gov RI Bash, Jesse/E-9688-2013; Nemitz, Eiko/I-6121-2012; Walker, John/I-8880-2014; Myles, LaToya/Q-2470-2015; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Nemitz, Eiko/0000-0002-1765-6298; Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514; FU USDA CSREES Air Quality Program [35112]; US EPA Office of Research and Development; European project ECLAIRE ("Effects of climate change on air pollution impacts and response strategies for European ecosystems") FX We appreciate the field support of David Kirchgessner (US EPA), Wayne Fowler (US EPA), Alf Wall (US EPA), Lauren Elich (US EPA), Aleksandra Njegovan (North Carolina State University), Mark Barnes (North Carolina State University), Mark Heuer (NOAA), Mary Hicks (US EPA), Laureen Gunter (NOAA) and the laboratory support of Guillermo Ramirez (North Carolina State University) and Simone Klemenz (NOAA). This work was funded by USDA CSREES Air Quality Program Grant No. 35112 and the US EPA Office of Research and Development. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of commercial products does not constitute endorsement by the Agency. Eiko Nemitz received additional funding through the European project ECLAIRE ("Effects of climate change on air pollution impacts and response strategies for European ecosystems"). NR 47 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 52 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 2 BP 981 EP 998 DI 10.5194/bg-10-981-2013 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 092BE UT WOS:000315093000022 ER PT J AU Murrell, MC Stanley, RS Lehrter, JC Hagy, JD AF Murrell, Michael C. Stanley, Roman S. Lehrter, John C. Hagy, James D., III TI Plankton community respiration, net ecosystem metabolism, and oxygen dynamics on the Louisiana continental shelf: Implications for hypoxia SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Northern Gulf of Mexico; 28 degrees N to 29.5 degrees N; 89 degrees W to 93.5 degrees W; Primary Production ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; BOTTOM WATER HYPOXIA; ORGANIC-CARBON; INTERMEDIATE SALINITIES; COASTAL WATERS; FOURLEAGUE BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHLOROPHYLL-A; FRESH-WATER AB We conducted a multi-year study of the Louisiana continental shelf (LCS) to better understand the linkages between water column metabolism and the formation of hypoxia (dissolved oxygen < 2 ml O(2)l(-1)) in the region. Water column community respiration rates (WR) were measured on 10 cruises during spring, summer and fall seasons from 2003 to 2007 at multiple sites distributed across the Louisiana continental shelf, overlapping the region where bottom-water hypoxia occurs. We found consistent broad scale patterns in WR rates that followed depth and salinity gradients across the shelf. Observed WR rates were highest at low salinity inner shelf stations ( < 30 m depth) and decreased with increasing water depth. Surface waters had higher WR rates than bottom waters, a pattern most pronounced near the Mississippi river during spring and early summer. Surface water WR rates were highest in eastern transects and decreased westward; a trend that was not evident in bottom waters. WR tended to be higher in spring and summer compared to fall months, but overall the seasonal variability was small. We combined the WR rate measurements with contemporaneous measurements of phytoplankton productivity rates (reported in Lehrter et al., 2009, Continental Shelf Research, 29: 1861-1872) to estimate net water column metabolism. There was consistent evidence of net heterotrophy, particularly in western transects, and in deeper waters ( > 40 m depth), indicating a net organic carbon deficit on the LCS. We offer a simple scale argument to suggest that riverine and inshore coastal waters may be significant sources of organic carbon to account for this deficit. This study provided unprecedented, continental shelf scale coverage of heterotrophic metabolism, which is useful for constraining models of oxygen, carbon, and nutrient dynamics along the LCS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Murrell, Michael C.; Stanley, Roman S.; Lehrter, John C.; Hagy, James D., III] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Murrell, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM murrell.michael@epa.gov FU US EPA's Office of Water; Gulf of Mexico Program Office; US EPA FX This study was only possible from contributions from many individuals. Programmatic leadership was provided by R. Greene. For shipboard and laboratory assistance, we thank L. Anderson, J. Aukamp, D. Beddick, J. Campbell, G. Craven, F. Genthner, B. Jarvis, J. Kurtz, and B. Quarles, and D. Yates. Comments from J. Caffrey, E. Smith and 3 anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. Financial support for ship time was provided by the US EPA's Office of Water and Gulf of Mexico Program Office. We thank the crews of the Ocean Survey Vessel (OSV) Peter W. Anderson (decommissioned), the OSV Bold, and the R/V Longhorn. This study was funded by the US EPA, but the contents are solely the views of the authors. Use of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the US EPA. NR 62 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 52 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2012.10.010 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 090WK UT WOS:000315010500003 ER PT J AU Shao, Y Lunetta, RS Macpherson, AJ Luo, JY Chen, G AF Shao, Yang Lunetta, Ross S. Macpherson, Alexander J. Luo, Junyan Chen, Guo TI Assessing Sediment Yield for Selected Watersheds in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin Under Future Agricultural Scenarios SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cropland change; SWAT model; Stream flow; Sediment yield ID LAND-USE CHANGE; SOURCE POLLUTION MODEL; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; COVER CHANGE; RIVER-BASIN; IMPACTS; SCALE; SOIL; AGGREGATION; CROPLANDS AB In the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin (GLB), corn acreage has been expanding since 2005 in response to high demand for corn as an ethanol feedstock. This study integrated remote sensing-derived products and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) within a geographic information system (GIS) modeling environment to assess the impacts of cropland change on sediment yield within four selected watersheds in the GLB. The SWAT models were calibrated during a 6 year period (2000-2005), and predicted stream flows were validated. The R-2 values were 0.76, 0.80, 0.72, and 0.81 for the St. Joseph River, the St. Mary River, the Peshtigo River, and the Cattaraugus Creek watersheds, respectively. The corresponding E (Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient) values ranged from 0.24 to 0.79. The average annual sediment yields (tons/ha/year) ranged from 0.12 to 4.44 for the baseline (2000 to 2008) condition. Sediment yields were predicted to increase for possible future cropland change scenarios. The first scenario was to convert all "other'' agricultural row crop types (i.e., sorghum) to corn fields and switch the current/baseline crop rotation into continuous corn. The average annual sediment yields increased 7-42 % for different watersheds. The second scenario was to further expand the corn planting to hay/pasture fields. The average annual sediment yields increased 33-127 % compared with baseline conditions. C1 [Shao, Yang] Virginia Tech, Dept Geog, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Lunetta, Ross S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Macpherson, Alexander J.] US EPA, Off Air Qual & Planning Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Luo, Junyan] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Chen, Guo] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Shao, Y (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geog, 115 Major Williams Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM yshao@vt.edu FU USEPA; USEPA's Global Earth Observation System of Systems program under the Advanced Monitoring Initiative [35] FX The USEPA funded and partially conducted the research described in this article. Although this work was reviewed by The USEPA and has been approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official USEPA policy. Mention of any trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This research was partially funded by the USEPA's Global Earth Observation System of Systems program under the Advanced Monitoring Initiative Grant No. 35. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9903-9 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 081IA UT WOS:000314310800005 PM 22791140 ER PT J AU He, XX de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD AF He, Xuexiang de la Cruz, Armah A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Destruction of cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin by hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radicals using UV-254 nm activation of hydrogen peroxide, persulfate and peroxymonosulfate SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cylindrospermopsin; UV-254 nm; Hydrogen peroxide; Persulfate; Peroxymonosulfate; Transition metal; Oxone (R) ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; DRINKING-WATER; RATE CONSTANTS; ADVANCED OXIDATION; MICROCYSTIN-LR; INDIRECT PHOTOLYSIS; VISIBLE-LIGHT; SURFACE-WATER; DEGRADATION AB With increasing worldwide incidence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms in bodies of water, cylindrospermopsin (CYN) has become a significant concern to public health and water management officials. In this study, the removal of CYN by UV-254 nm-mediated advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) was evaluated. Cylindrospermopsin, at an initial concentration of 1 mu M, was significantly degraded, 75% at a UV fluence of 80 rill cm(-2), 100% at 20 mJ cm(-2), and 100% at 40 mj cm(-2), by UV/H2O2, UV/S2O82-, and UV/HSO5- processes, respectively, at an initial oxidant dose of 1 mM. The calculated second-order rate constants of CYN with hydroxyl radicals, k center dot(OH/CYN), was 5.1 x 10(9) M-1 s(-1) and with sulfate radicals, k(SO4 center dot-/CYN), was 4.5 x 10(9) M-1 s(-1). The observed pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant increased linearly with increasing initial oxidant concentration. The destruction of CYN by both radicals was inhibited by radical scavengers, such as natural organic matter (NOM) and alkalinity. The presence of transition metals in tap water samples appeared to enhance the treatment efficiency of CYN by UV/HSO5-. The ICP-MS analysis of the metals in the water samples, revealed copper residual of 40.6 +/- 3.3 mu g L-1 in tap water, and 13.6 and 8.1 mu g L-1 in two natural water samples. Results of this study suggest that the presence of transition metals in natural water sources could be an important factor in AOPs. This study is a new and feasible approach to remove CYN as well as other organic contaminants from water resources. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Xuexiang; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu RI He, Xuexiang/D-7564-2017 FU Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation through Desmi; Republic of Cyprus; European Regional Development Fund of the EU [NEA IPODOMI/STRATH/0308/09] FX This work was funded by the Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation through Desmi 2009-2010 which is co-funded by the Republic of Cyprus and the European Regional Development Fund of the EU under contract number NEA IPODOMI/STRATH/0308/09. We are thankful to Greater Cincinnati Water Works, specially Deborah Metz and Dawn Webb, for the assistance provided during the analysis of the transition metals in the water samples. NR 66 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 21 U2 194 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1010-6030 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 251 BP 160 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.09.017 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 080QT UT WOS:000314259100023 ER PT J AU Harrill, JA Robinette, BL Freudenrich, T Mundy, WR AF Harrill, Joshua A. Robinette, Brian L. Freudenrich, Theresa Mundy, William R. TI Use of high content image analyses to detect chemical-mediated effects on neurite sub-populations in primary rat cortical neurons SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Developmental neurotoxicity; Neurite outgrowth; High content image analysis ID MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-2; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; ALTERNATIVE METHODS; IN-VITRO; OUTGROWTH; CULTURES; METHYLMERCURY; EXPOSURE; CELLS AB Traditional developmental neurotoxicity tests performed in vivo are costly, time-consuming and utilize a large number of animals. In order to address these inefficiencies, in vitro models of neuronal development have been used in a first tier screening approach for developmental neurotoxicity hazard identification. One commonly used endpoint for assessing developmental neurotoxicity in vitro is measurement of neurite outgrowth. This biological process is amenable to high-throughput measurement using high content imaging (HCI) based methodologies. To date, a majority of HCI studies of neurite outgrowth have focused on measurements of total neurite outgrowth without examining whether stereotypic neuronal growth patterns are disrupted or whether specific sub-populations of neurites (i.e. axons or dendrites) are selectively affected. The present study describes the development and implementation of two HCI based analysis methods for assessing chemical effects on neuronal maturation. These methods utilize the stereotypical growth pattern of primary rat cortical neurons in culture (i.e. the Staging Method), as well as the differential cytoplasmic distribution of beta(III)-tubulin and MAP2 (i.e. the Subtraction Method), to quantify inhibition of neurite initiation, axon outgrowth and secondary neurite (or dendrite) outgrowth in response to chemical exposure. Results demonstrate that these distinct maturational processes are differentially affected by pharmacological compounds (K252a, Na3VO4, Bis-1) known to inhibit neurite outgrowth. Furthermore, a group of known developmental neurotoxicants also differentially affected the growth of axons and secondary neurites in primary cortical culture. This work improves upon previous HCI methods by providing a means in which to rapidly and specifically quantify chemical effects on the growth of axons and dendrites in vitro. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Harrill, Joshua A.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Inst Chem Safety Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Robinette, Brian L.; Freudenrich, Theresa; Mundy, William R.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Harrill, JA (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, 6 Davis Dr,POB 12137, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM JHarrill@thehamner.org NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JAN PY 2013 VL 34 BP 61 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.10.013 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 085PG UT WOS:000314626100008 PM 23142577 ER PT J AU Wang, JF Gerlach, JD Savage, N Cobb, GP AF Wang, Jiafan Gerlach, John D. Savage, Nora Cobb, George P. TI Necessity and approach to integrated nanomaterial legislation and governance SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Nanomaterials; Risks; Life cycle; Legislation; Management ID WALLED-CARBON-NANOTUBES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; FULLERENE C-60 NANOPARTICLES; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; PULMONARY TOXICITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; RESPIRATORY TOXICITY; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS AB Nanotechnology is one of the most promising technologies to emerge in recent decades. Materials that are specially engineered to have at least one dimension that is no larger than 100 nm are now continuously manufactured and incorporated as critical components of different products that people use daily. While we are taking advantage of nanomaterials (NMs) and nano-products, they may pose a risk to humans and the broader environment. Some types of fibrous NMs such as carbon nanotubes and nano-fibers may present a risk similar to that of asbestos. Some carbon or metal based NMs may threaten the environment due to their bioaccumulative nature within food webs. In order to prevent future adverse effects from products or byproducts of nanotechnology, we suggest an integrated multi-faceted approach which includes an integrated regulation that is based upon life cycle assessment, empirically derived risk assessment. Advanced research that fills the knowledge gap regarding the understanding of NMs in scientific and social norms will be helpful in a full life cycle assessment of NMs. Emphasizing nanotechnology education to the public for an increased understanding and participation associated with media coverage will finally draw governments' attention with an integrated legislation to be instituted. Developing the optimal mix of these tools, including research, public education, media coverage, integrated legislation, will be significant to proactively manage the complexity of nanotechnology and prevent any undesirable effect due to the NMs exposure. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Jiafan] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. [Gerlach, John D.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Savage, Nora] US EPA, ORD, NCER, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Cobb, George P.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP Wang, JF (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. RI Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014 NR 86 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 76 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 442 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.073 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 075WP UT WOS:000313918200008 PM 23178764 ER PT J AU Baldauf, RW Heist, D Isakov, V Perry, S Hagler, GSW Kimbrough, S Shores, R Black, K Brixey, L AF Baldauf, Richard W. Heist, David Isakov, Vlad Perry, Steven Hagler, Gayle S. W. Kimbrough, Sue Shores, Richard Black, Kevin Brixey, Laurie TI Air quality variability near a highway in a complex urban environment SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air quality; Near-road; Traffic; Cut section highway; Wind tunnel assessment ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLE CONCENTRATIONS; DISPERSION AB In response to growing public health concerns regarding elevated air pollutant exposures and adverse human health effects for near-road populations, a study was conducted to assess how complex urban roadway configurations affect local-scale air quality. This study combined fixed-site and mobile air quality measurements with laboratory wind tunnel experiments to examine how the transport and dispersion of traffic-emitted pollutants varies with changing roadway configuration, notably with at-grade and cut section designs. Results of the study indicated that short-term maximum concentrations occurred with measurements made along at-grade locations, however, average concentrations tended to be higher at the top of the cut section compared with the at-grade location, most often occurring during lower air pollutant events. Wind flow and NO2/NOx ratios indicated that the cut section moderated peak concentrations through increased transport and dispersion, as well as reducing the influence of turbulence from vehicle activity near the road. The at-grade locations also experienced a higher impact from primary vehicle emissions than those measurements made at similar distances along a cut section. Mobile monitoring suggested that these peak concentrations quickly conformed to concentration levels measured near cut sections within 50-100 m of the source highway. Wind tunnel simulations of the study site with and without the cut section present indicated that the cut section reduced the concentrations of primary emitted vehicle pollutants by 15-25 percent for receptors located approximately 20 m from the highway. The wind tunnel simulations also revealed that buildings and other urban features influenced local-scale pollutant transport and need to be considered when evaluating near-road air quality. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baldauf, Richard W.; Hagler, Gayle S. W.; Kimbrough, Sue; Shores, Richard] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Heist, David; Isakov, Vlad; Perry, Steven] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Baldauf, Richard W.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Black, Kevin] Fed Highway Adm, Baltimore, MD USA. [Brixey, Laurie] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Baldauf, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Baldauf.Richard@epa.gov OI Kimbrough, Evelyn Sue/0000-0002-7246-0255 NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 71 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 64 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.054 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 070UX UT WOS:000313539300020 ER PT J AU Geron, C Hays, M AF Geron, Chris Hays, Mike TI Air emissions from organic soil burning on the coastal plain of North Carolina SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Biomass burning; Organic soil; North Carolina; PM2.5; CO2; CO; Levoglucosan ID FOREST; PEAT; FUELS; FIRES; COMBUSTION; GRASSLAND; INDONESIA; SMOKE; USA AB Emissions of trace gases and particles <= 2.5 microns aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) from fires during 2008-2011 on the North Carolina coastal plain were collected and analyzed. Carbon mass balance techniques were used to quantify emission factors (EFs). PM2.5 EFs were at least a factor of 2 greater than those from forest burning of above-ground fuels because of extended smoldering combustion of organic soil layers and peat fuels. This is consistent with CO2 EFs at the low end of previously reported ranges for biomass fuels, indicating less efficient combustion and enhanced emissions of products of incomplete combustion (PICs). CO EFs are at the high end of the range of previously published EFs for smoldering fuels. The biomass burning tracer levoglucosan was found to compose 1-3 percent of PM2.5 from the organic soil fires, similar to fractions measured in smoke from above-ground fine fuels reported in previous studies. Organic soil fuel loads and consumption are very difficult to estimate, but are potentially as high as thousands of tonnes ha(-1). Combined with higher emission factors, this can result in emission fluxes hundreds of times higher than from prescribed fires in above-ground fuels in the southeastern US. Organic soil fuel represents a source of particles and gases that is difficult to control and can persist for days to months, jeopardizing human health and incurring considerable costs to monitor and manage. Extended fires in organic soils can contribute substantially to PM2.5 on CO emission inventories and may not be adequately accounted for in current estimates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Geron, Chris; Hays, Mike] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Geron, C (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Mail Drop E305-02,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Geron.chris@epa.gov RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013; OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660; Geron, Chris/0000-0002-4266-2155 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development; U.S. EPA [401818H518]; U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service [401818H518] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development, partially funded and collaborated in the research described here. It was partially supported by Joint Fire Sciences Program under Interagency Agreement Number 401818H518 between the U.S. EPA and U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. It has not been subject to Agency Review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. No official endorsement should be inferred. The administrative assistance of David J. Brown lie of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is greatly appreciated. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 64 BP 192 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.065 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 070UX UT WOS:000313539300022 ER PT J AU McAlister, DR Cariou, R Dindal, A Billets, S AF McAlister, Daniel R. Cariou, Ronan Dindal, Amy Billets, Stephen TI Application of an aryl hydrocarbon receptor based screening assay for assessing U.S. EPA draft remediation goals for dioxin in soil and sediment samples SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dioxin; screening; PCR; soil and sediment ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; CALUX BIOASSAY; VALIDATION; CHEMICALS AB An aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-based, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay (Procept (R)) was used to determine dioxin-like compounds in soil and sediment samples from seven sites known to be contaminated by dioxin and related compounds. The biological equivalent quotient (BEQ) generated by the Procept (R) assay was compared with toxicity equivalent (TEQ) measurements by isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This research demonstrated that the Procept (R) assay has several limitations, when compared with GC-MS, including poorer detection limits and precision, and increased sensitivity to a wide range of AhR agonists and antagonists, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). However, results indicate that the Procept (R) assay can be used as an effective screening technique for dioxin-like compounds at the EPA draft recommended interim preliminary remediation level for dioxin in soils of 72 pg/g TEQ. C1 [McAlister, Daniel R.] Eichrom Technol LLC, Lisle, IL USA. [Cariou, Ronan] LABERCA, ONIRIS, Nantes, France. [Dindal, Amy] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Billets, Stephen] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP McAlister, DR (reprint author), Eichrom Technol LLC, Lisle, IL USA. EM dmcalister@eichrom.com RI Cariou, Ronan/M-5549-2014 FU U.S. EPA, through its Office of Research and Development [EP-C-05-057] FX The U.S. EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here under Contract No. EP-C-05-057 to Battelle Memorial Institute. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 93 IS 1 BP 35 EP 47 DI 10.1080/03067319.2011.629347 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 072LC UT WOS:000313671500003 ER PT J AU Personna, YR Slater, L Ntarlagiannis, D Werkema, D Szabo, Z AF Personna, Yves Robert Slater, Lee Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios Werkema, Dale Szabo, Zoltan TI Electrical signatures of ethanol-liquid mixtures: Implications for monitoring biofuels migration in the subsurface SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Geophysical methods; Ethanol; Biofuels; Subsurface ID SCALE AQUIFER TANK; FUEL-GRADE ETHANOL; NATURAL ATTENUATION; WATER MIXTURES; GROUNDWATER QUALITY; NEAT ETHANOL; GASOLINE; BENZENE; RELEASE; TRANSPORT AB Ethanol (EtOH), an emerging contaminant with potential direct and indirect environmental effects, poses threats to water supplies when spilled in large volumes. A series of experiments was directed at understanding the electrical geophysical signatures arising from groundwater contamination by ethanol. Conductivity measurements were performed at the laboratory scale on EtOH-water mixtures (0 to 0.97 v/v EtOH) and EtOH-salt solution mixtures (0 to 0.99 v/v EtOH) with and without a sand matrix using a conductivity probe and a four-electrode electrical measurement over the low frequency range (1-1000 Hz). A Lichtenecker-Rother (L-R) type mixing model was used to simulate electrical conductivity as a function of EtOH concentration in the mixture. For all three experimental treatments increasing EtOH concentration resulted in a decrease in measured conductivity magnitude (vertical bar sigma vertical bar). The applied L-R model fitted the experimental data at concentration <= 0.4 v/v EtOH, presumably due to predominant and symmetric intermolecular (EtOH-water) interaction in the mixture. The deviation of the experimental vertical bar sigma vertical bar data from the model prediction at higher EtOH concentrations may be associated with hydrophobic effects of EtOH-EtOH interactions in the Mixture. The vertical bar sigma vertical bar data presumably reflected changes in relative strength of the three types of interactions (water-water, EtOH-water, and EtOH-EtOH) occurring simultaneously in EtOH-water mixtures as the ratio of EtOH to water changed. No evidence of measurable polarization effects at the EtOH-water and EtOH-water-mineral interfaces over the investigated frequency range was found. Our results indicate the potential for using electrical measurements to characterize and monitor EtOH spills in the subsurface. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Personna, Yves Robert; Slater, Lee; Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Werkema, Dale] US EPA, NERL, ESD LV, CMB, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Szabo, Zoltan] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. RP Personna, YR (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 101 Warren St, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM personna@pegasus.rutgers.edu; LSlater@andromeda.rutgers.edu; dimntar@andromeda.rutgers.edu; Werkema.D@epamail.epa.gov; zszabo@usgs.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development [EP10D000751] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract # EP10D000751 to Yves Robert Personna. The manuscript has been subjected to EPA review and approved for publication. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 144 IS 1 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2012.10.011 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 076YJ UT WOS:000313994800008 PM 23159764 ER PT J AU Baig, RBN Varma, RS AF Baig, R. B. Nasir Varma, Rajender S. TI Organic synthesis via magnetic attraction: benign and sustainable protocols using magnetic nanoferrites SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; SULFUR BOND FORMATION; SUBSTITUTED DIPHENYLIODONIUM SALTS; CATALYZED ALLYLIC ETHERIFICATION; PAAL-KNORR REACTION; HECK-TYPE ARYLATION; DIARYLIODONIUM SALTS; AQUEOUS-MEDIUM; ARYL HALIDES; 1,4-DISUBSTITUTED 1,2,3-TRIAZOLES AB Magnetic nano-catalysts have been prepared using simple modification of iron ferrites. The nm size range of these particles facilitates the catalysis process, as an increased surface area is available for the reaction; the easy separation of the catalysts by an external magnet and their recovery and reuse are additional beneficial attributes. Glutathione bearing nano-ferrites have been used as organocatalysts for the Paal-Knorr reaction and homocoupling of boronic acids. Nanoferrites, post-synthetically modified by ligands, were used to immobilize nanometals (Cu, Pd, Ru, etc.) which enabled the development of efficient, sustainable and green procedures for azide-alkynes-cycloaddition (AAC) reactions, C-S coupling, O-allylation of phenol, Heck-type reactions and hydration of nitriles. C1 [Baig, R. B. Nasir; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Baig, RBN (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W MLK Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory FX Nasir Baig was supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We thank Dr Douglas Young for reading the manuscript and providing valuable comments. NR 139 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 6 U2 80 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 2 BP 398 EP 417 DI 10.1039/c2gc36455g PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 079QH UT WOS:000314185900017 ER PT J AU Lin, YS Caffrey, JL Lin, JW Bayliss, D Faramawi, MF Bateson, TF Sonawane, B AF Lin, Yu-Sheng Caffrey, James L. Lin, Jou-Wei Bayliss, David Faramawi, Mohammed F. Bateson, Thomas F. Sonawane, Babasaheb TI Increased Risk of Cancer Mortality Associated with Cadmium Exposures in Older Americans with Low Zinc Intake SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; PROSTATE-CANCER; URINARY CADMIUM; ENVIRONMENTAL CADMIUM; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; DIETARY ZINC AB Cadmium (Cd) exposure has been associated with increased cancer risk, and zinc (Zn) appears to reduce that risk. However, little is known about the combined influence of Cd and Zn on cancer risk. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between Cd exposure, Zn intake, and cancer mortality risks. The analyses used 5204 subjects aged 50 yr or older from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 19881994) and the mortality follow-up through December 31, 2006. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test associations. In total, 569 cancer deaths were recorded during an average follow-up of 12.4 yr, including 155 from lung, 61 from prostate, and 26 from breast cancer. A positive association between Cd and cancer mortality risk was identified for both genders. Despite limited cause-specific deaths, the increased risk associated with Cd was significant for lung cancer in men. All-cause cancer mortality risk was significantly elevated among women with Zn intakes below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) compared with women who met the RDA. The effect of low dietary Zn was not observed in men. Similar trends for prostate and breast cancer deaths were not significant. There was a significant inverse association between cancer deaths and the Zn-to-Cd ratio for both genders. Cd exposure is an important independent risk factor of cancer mortality in older Americans and the risk appears exaggerated in those with inadequate dietary Zn. Additional studies are required to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which Zn participates in the carcinogenic influence of Cd. C1 [Lin, Yu-Sheng; Bayliss, David; Bateson, Thomas F.; Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Caffrey, James L.] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Physiol & Cardiovasc Res Inst, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Lin, Jou-Wei] Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Yun Lin Branch, Dou Liou City, Taiwan. [Faramawi, Mohammed F.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Lin, YS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Lin.Yu-Sheng@epa.gov NR 76 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 76 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1080/15287394.2012.722185 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 076GT UT WOS:000313945200001 PM 23151207 ER PT J AU Loccisano, AE Longnecker, MP Campbell, JL Andersen, ME Clewell, HJ AF Loccisano, Anne E. Longnecker, Matthew P. Campbell, Jerry L., Jr. Andersen, Melvin E. Clewell, Harvey J., III TI Development of Pbpk Models for Pfoa and Pfos for Human Pregnancy and Lactation Life Stages SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; FETAL-GROWTH RESTRICTION; PLASMA-PROTEIN BINDING; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; ANION TRANSPORTER 4; CORD BLOOD-SAMPLES; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; POLYFLUOROALKYL CHEMICALS; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL AB Perfluoroalkyl acid carboxylates and sulfonates (PFAA) have many consumer and industrial applications. Developmental toxicity studies in animals have raised concern about potential reproductive/developmental effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS); however, in humans conflicting results have been reported for associations between maternal PFAA levels and these outcomes. Risk assessments and interpretation of available human data during gestation and lactation are hindered due to lack of a framework for understanding and estimating maternal, fetal, and neonatal pharmacokinetics (PK). Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were developed for PFOA and PFOS for the gestation and lactation life stages in humans to understand how the physiological changes associated with development affect pharmacokinetics of these compounds in the mother, fetus, and infant. These models were derived from PBPK models for PFOA/PFOS that were previously developed for adult humans and rats during gestation and lactation and from existing human pregnancy and lactation models developed for other chemicals. The models simulated PFOA and PFOS concentrations in fetal, infant, and maternal plasma and milk, were compared to available data in humans, and also were used to estimate maternal exposure. The models reported here identified several research needs, which include (1) the identification of transporters involved in renal resorption to explain the multiyear half-lives of these compounds in humans, (2) factors affecting clearance of PFOA/PFOS during gestation and lactation, and (3) data to estimate clearance of PFOA/PFOS in infants. These models may help address concerns regarding possible adverse health effects due to PFOA/PFOS exposure in the fetus and infant and may be useful in comparing pharmacokinetics across life stages. C1 [Loccisano, Anne E.; Campbell, Jerry L., Jr.; Andersen, Melvin E.; Clewell, Harvey J., III] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Ctr Human Hlth Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Longnecker, Matthew P.] NIEHS, NIH, US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Loccisano, AE (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8601P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Loccisano.Anne@epa.gov OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811; Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 FU 3M Company; DuPont Company; National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) FX Financial support was provided by the 3M and DuPont Companies. This research was also supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). The authors thank Dr. John Butenhoff at 3M Company for helpful discussions, comments, and revisions. They also thank Dr. Sofia Salas at Diego Portales University in Chile for generously sharing her data on maternal plasma volume expansion. NR 107 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 42 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 76 IS 1 BP 25 EP 57 DI 10.1080/15287394.2012.722523 PG 33 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 076GT UT WOS:000313945200003 PM 23151209 ER PT J AU Solecki, R Barbellion, S Bergmann, B Burgin, H Buschmann, J Clark, R Comotto, L Fuchs, A Faqi, AS Gerspach, R Grote, K Hakansson, H Heinrich, V Heinrich-Hirsch, B Hofmann, T Hubel, U Inazaki, TH Khalil, S Knudsen, TB Kudicke, S Lingk, W Makris, S Muller, S Paumgartten, F Pfeil, R Rama, EM Schneiders, S Shiota, K Tamborini, E Tegelenbosch, M Ulbrich, B van Duijnhoven, EAJ Wise, D Chahoud, I AF Solecki, Roland Barbellion, Stephane Bergmann, Brigitte Buergin, Heinrich Buschmann, Jochen Clark, Ruth Comotto, Laura Fuchs, Antje Faqi, Ali Said Gerspach, Ralph Grote, Konstanze Hakansson, Helen Heinrich, Verena Heinrich-Hirsch, Barbara Hofmann, Thomas Huebel, Ulrich Inazaki, Thelma Helena Khalil, Samia Knudsen, Thomas B. Kudicke, Sabine Lingk, Wolfgang Makris, Susan Mueller, Simone Paumgartten, Francisco Pfeil, Rudolf Rama, Elkiane Macedo Schneiders, Steffen Shiota, Kohei Tamborini, Eva Tegelenbosch, Mariska Ulbrich, Beate van Duijnhoven, E. A. J. Wise, David Chahoud, Ibrahim TI Harmonization of description and classification of fetal observations: Achievements and problems still unresolved Report of the 7th Workshop on the Terminology in Developmental Toxicology Berlin, 4-6 May 2011 SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Malformation; Variation; Grey zone anomalies; Non-human primates; Developmental toxicology; Reproductive toxicology; Terminology glossary ID SUPERNUMERARY RIBS; RAT; TOXICITY; TERATOGENICITY; PLACENTA; MAMMALS; GROWTH; MICE AB This article summarizes the 7th Workshop on the Terminology in Developmental Toxicology held in Berlin, May 4-6, 2011. The series of Berlin Workshops has been mainly concerned with the harmonization of terminology and classification of fetal anomalies in developmental toxicity studies. The main topics of the 7th Workshop were knowledge on the fate of anomalies afterbirth, use of Version 2 terminology for maternal-fetal observations and non-routinely used species, reclassification of "grey zone" anomalies and categorization of fetal observations for human health risk assessment. The paucity of data on health consequences of the postnatal permanence of fetal anomalies is relevant and further studies are needed. The Version 2 terminology is an important step forward and the terms listed in this glossary are considered also to be appropriate for most observations in non-routinely used species. Continuation of the Berlin Workshops was recommended. Topics suggested for the next Workshop were grouping of fetal observations for reporting and statistical analysis. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Grote, Konstanze] Charite Univ Med Berlin, Dept Expt Med, Berlin, Germany. [Hakansson, Helen] Karolinska Inst, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. [Knudsen, Thomas B.; Makris, Susan] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Shiota, Kohei] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Chahoud, Ibrahim] Charite Univ Med Berlin, Inst Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, Berlin, Germany. EM Roland.Solecki@bfr.bund.de NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 35 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.06.006 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 077BW UT WOS:000314003900007 PM 22781580 ER PT J AU Curran, CP Lau, C Schellpfeffer, MA Stodgell, CJ Carney, EW AF Curran, Christine Perdan Lau, Christopher Schellpfeffer, Michael A. Stodgell, Christopher J. Carney, Edward W. TI The teratology society 2012-2017 strategic plan: Pushing the boundaries SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Teratology Society; strategic planning session; strategic intents AB The Teratology Society held its fourth strategic planning session in Albuquerque, NM, April 1012, 2012, and launched the 20122017 Strategic Plan in conjunction with the 2012 annual meeting in Baltimore, MD. Building on the energy of the successful implementation of prior strategic plans (San Diego, 2007; Nashville,TN 2002; Cincinnati, OH 1998), session participants worked to identify barriers to success as a scientific society, as well as impending challenges and opportunities to which the Society needs to respond. The following report provides an overview of the Strategic Planning process, objectives, activities, and conclusions. A total of 23 members were present at the session, and the group included representation from Council, various committees, and different member constituencies. This plan, Pushing the Boundaries, and its three strategic intents: Broaden Our Identity, Expand Our Membership, and Increase Our Influence, will drive the direction of the Teratology Society for the next five years., 2013. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Curran, Christine Perdan] No Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Highland Hts, KY 41076 USA. [Lau, Christopher] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Schellpfeffer, Michael A.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Cell Biol Neurobiol & Anat, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Stodgell, Christopher J.] Univ Rochester, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, NY USA. [Carney, Edward W.] Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI 48674 USA. RP Carney, EW (reprint author), Teratol Soc, 1821 Michael Faraday Dr,Suite 300, Reston, VA 20190 USA. EM tshq@teratology.org OI Stodgell, Christopher/0000-0002-1666-5299 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 97 IS 1 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1002/bdra.23109 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 071LZ UT WOS:000313595600002 PM 23307643 ER PT J AU Dukerschein, JT Bartels, AD Ickes, BS Pearson, MS AF Dukerschein, J. T. Bartels, A. D. Ickes, B. S. Pearson, M. S. TI ARE TWO SYSTEMIC FISH ASSEMBLAGE SAMPLING PROGRAMMES ON THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER TELLING US THE SAME THING? SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE monitoring; assessment; Index of Biotic Integrity; daytime electrofishing; Mississippi River; data comparability ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; GREAT RIVERS; INDEX AB We applied an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) used on Wisconsin/Minnesota waters of the upper Mississippi River (UMR) to compare data from two systemic sampling programmes. Ability to use data from multiple sampling programmes could extend spatial and temporal coverage of river assessment and monitoring efforts. We normalized for effort and tested fish community data collected by the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program-Great Rivers Ecosystems (EMAP-GRE) 20042006 and the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) 19932006. Each programme used daytime electrofishing along main channel borders but with some methodological and design differences. EMAP-GRE, designed for baseline and, eventually, compliance monitoring, used a probabilistic, continuous design. LTRMP, designed primarily for baseline and trend monitoring, used a stratified random design in five discrete study reaches. Analysis of similarity indicated no significant difference between EMAP-GRE and LTRMP IBI scores (n?=?238; Global R?=?-0.052; significance level?=?0.972). Both datasets distinguished clear differences only between Fair and Poor condition categories, potentially supporting a passfail assessment strategy. Thirteen years of LTRMP data demonstrated stable IBI scores through time in four of five reaches sampled. LTRMP and EMAP-GRE IBI scores correlated along the UMR's upstream to downstream gradient (df [3, 25]; F?=?1.61; p?=?0.22). A decline in IBI scores from upstream to downstream was consistent with UMR fish community studies and a previous, empirically modelled human disturbance gradient. Comparability between EMAP-GRE (best upstream to downstream coverage) and LTRMP data (best coverage over time and across the floodplain) supports a next step of developing and testing a systemic, multi-metric fish index on the UMR that both approaches could inform. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Dukerschein, J. T.; Bartels, A. D.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Mississippi River Monitoring Field Stn, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Ickes, B. S.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Pearson, M. S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Ickes, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM bickes@usgs.gov OI Ickes, Brian/0000-0001-5622-3842 FU USGS [03HQAG0029, G09AC00016]; US Army Corps of Engineers Mississippi River Environmental Management Program; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Department of Natural Resources of Illinois; Department of Natural Resources of Iowa; Department of Natural Resources of Minnesota; Department of Natural Resources of Wisconsin; Missouri Department of Conservation; state of Wisconsin [CR-8332380102]; state of Minnesota [CR-8332380102]; US Environmental Protection Agency [CR-8332380102]; US Environmental Protection Agency through USGS [03HQAG0029] FX This project was funded under USGS Cooperative Agreements 03HQAG0029 and G09AC00016 for the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) (http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/ltrmp.html) and under grant number CR-8332380102 for the EMAP-GRE. The LTRMP is a cooperative programme funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers Mississippi River Environmental Management Program and implemented by the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Departments of Natural Resources of Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota and Wisconsin and Missouri Department of Conservation. EMAP-GRE grant number CR-8332380102 was a cooperative effort between the states of Wisconsin and Minnesota and the US Environmental Protection Agency. In addition, some of the data described in this article were provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency Funding through a prior EMAP-GRE grant, http://www.epa.gov/emap/ via USGS Cooperative Agreement 03HQAG0029, modification 0004, which was a cooperative effort between USEPA, USGS and the states of Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Missouri. We thank Jennifer Sauer, USGS/UMESC, and Heidi Langrehr, WDNR, for technical assistance with data presentation. We are grateful to numerous employees in the programmes for their careful, thorough work collecting and managing the data. We thank several anonymous reviewers and also David Bolgrien, USEPA, and Walter Popp, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, for insights they provided after reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript. Use of trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1002/rra.1575 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 074DX UT WOS:000313793900006 ER PT J AU Vane, LM AF Vane, Leland M. TI Pervaporation and Vapor Permeation Tutorial: Membrane Processes for the Selective Separation of Liquid and Vapor Mixtures SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE membrane separation; pervaporation; solution diffusion; vapor permeation ID CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION; RECOVERY AB Pervaporation and vapor permeation are membrane-based processes proposed as alternatives to conventional separation technologies. Applications range from organic solvent removal from water, ethanol, or butanol recovery from fermentation broths, solvent/biofuel dehydration to meet dryness specifications, and organic-organic separations such as the removal of sulfur compounds from gasoline. Unlike membrane filtration processes, which rely on an applied liquid pressure gradient and size sieving to accomplish a separation, pervaporation and vapor permeation separate compounds based on a chemical activity driving force and the sorption and diffusion of the compounds through the membrane. These properties enable the separation of even miscible liquid mixtures. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vane, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Vane.Leland@EPA.gov FU NSF CBET [1157131]; W. L. Gore, Inc. FX This manuscript is part of an evolving virtual issue on Water Treatment and Re-Use and the Water-Energy Nexus which was facilitated by the Engineering Conferences International Meeting (of the same name) held in Cancun, Mexico January 8-12, 2012 and supported by NSF CBET 1157131 and W. L. Gore, Inc. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 44 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 48 IS 3 BP 429 EP 437 DI 10.1080/01496395.2012.725792 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 072OF UT WOS:000313681000006 ER PT J AU Kleinstreuer, NC Dix, DJ Houck, KA Kavlock, RJ Knudsen, TB Martin, MT Paul, KB Reif, DM Crofton, KM Hamilton, K Hunter, R Shah, I Judson, RS AF Kleinstreuer, Nicole C. Dix, David J. Houck, Keith A. Kavlock, Robert J. Knudsen, Thomas B. Martin, Matthew T. Paul, Katie B. Reif, David M. Crofton, Kevin M. Hamilton, Kerry Hunter, Ronald Shah, Imran Judson, Richard S. TI In Vitro Perturbations of Targets in Cancer Hallmark Processes Predict Rodent Chemical Carcinogenesis SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cancer hallmarks; carcinogenesis; predictive toxicology; in vitro and alternatives; bioinformatics ID PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITION; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; SULINDAC SULFIDE; HUMAN THYROCYTES; TOXCAST PROGRAM; RISK-ASSESSMENT; THYROID-GLAND; TUMOR-CELLS AB Thousands of untested chemicals in the environment require efficient characterization of carcinogenic potential in humans. A proposed solution is rapid testing of chemicals using in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) assays for targets in pathways linked to disease processes to build models for priority setting and further testing. We describe a model for predicting rodent carcinogenicity based on HTS data from 292 chemicals tested in 672 assays mapping to 455 genes. All data come from the EPA ToxCast project. The model was trained on a subset of 232 chemicals with in vivo rodent carcinogenicity data in the Toxicity Reference Database (ToxRefDB). Individual HTS assays strongly associated with rodent cancers in ToxRefDB were linked to genes, pathways, and hallmark processes documented to be involved in tumor biology and cancer progression. Rodent liver cancer endpoints were linked to well-documented pathways such as peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor signaling and TP53 and novel targets such as PDE5A and PLAUR. Cancer hallmark genes associated with rodent thyroid tumors were found to be linked to human thyroid tumors and autoimmune thyroid disease. A model was developed in which these genes/pathways function as hypothetical enhancers or promoters of rat thyroid tumors, acting secondary to the key initiating event of thyroid hormone disruption. A simple scoring function was generated to identify chemicals with significant in vitro evidence that was predictive of in vivo carcinogenicity in different rat tissues and organs. This scoring function was applied to an external test set of 33 compounds with carcinogenicity classifications from the EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs and successfully (p = 0.024) differentiated between chemicals classified as possible/probable/likely carcinogens and those designated as not likely or with evidence of noncarcinogenicity. This model represents a chemical carcinogenicity prioritization tool supporting targeted testing and functional validation of cancer pathways. C1 [Kleinstreuer, Nicole C.; Dix, David J.; Houck, Keith A.; Kavlock, Robert J.; Knudsen, Thomas B.; Martin, Matthew T.; Reif, David M.; Shah, Imran; Judson, Richard S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Paul, Katie B.; Crofton, Kevin M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hamilton, Kerry; Hunter, Ronald] US EPA, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth ASPH Environm Publ Hlth, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Judson, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr B205-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM judson.richard@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Hamilton, Kerry/0000-0003-2991-7325; Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633; Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767; Kleinstreuer, Nicole/0000-0002-7914-3682 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). NR 79 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 33 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 131 IS 1 BP 40 EP 55 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfs285 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 072EV UT WOS:000313652900005 PM 23024176 ER PT J AU Carriger, JF Fisher, WS Stockton, TB Sturm, PE AF Carriger, John F. Fisher, William S. Stockton, Thomas B., Jr. Sturm, Paul E. TI Advancing the Guanica Bay (Puerto Rico) Watershed Management Plan SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE coral reefs; ecosystem services; structured decision-making; sustainability; watershed management ID DECISIONS; SUPPORT; COVER; LAND AB Consideration of stakeholder values in watershed planning and management is a necessity, but sufficiently eliciting, understanding, and organizing those values can be daunting. Many studies have demonstrated the usefulness of formal decision analysis to integrate expert knowledge with stakeholder values. Here, some decision analysis structuring tools were used to advance a proposed watershed management plan toward a broader recognition of values in the watershed and adjacent coastal and marine systems. The U.S. Interagency Coral Reef Task Force selected Guanica Bay, Puerto Rico as a site to explore watershed management for protection of coral reefs. A Watershed Management Plan (WMP) was introduced in 2008 that led to subsequent activities of several federal and commonwealth agencies and nongovernmental organizations. Using information from the WMP and these other organizations, qualitative decision analysis structuring methods were applied to gain insight into desired and undesired prospects. The steps included selection of a decision context and overall objective, identifying fundamental objectives, and exploring means to achieve them. This initial organization, to be better informed by stakeholder deliberation and review, provided an approach to consider watershed and marine coastal issues simultaneously. C1 [Carriger, John F.; Fisher, William S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Stockton, Thomas B., Jr.] Neptune & Co, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Sturm, Paul E.] Ridge Reefs Inc, Eldersburg, MD USA. RP Carriger, JF (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM carriger.john@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA FX The authors thank Prof. Mitchell J. Small and two anonymous journal reviewers for the helpful comments on an earlier version of this article. This research was supported by the U.S. EPA and while reviewed according to EPA guidelines, it does not necessarily reflect EPA policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. EPA. This is contribution #1431 from the U.S. EPA Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, FL. NR 76 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 41 IS 1 BP 19 EP 38 DI 10.1080/08920753.2012.747814 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 067VT UT WOS:000313323900002 ER PT J AU Goldbloom-Helzner, D Weisman, R Keane, P AF Goldbloom-Helzner, David Weisman, Richard Keane, Patricia TI Tapping All Resources for Recovery and Disaster Funding SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Goldbloom-Helzner, David] US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Water Secur Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Weisman, Richard] US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Water Emergency Response Team, Washington, DC USA. [Keane, Patricia] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC USA. RP Goldbloom-Helzner, D (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Water Secur Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 2164-4535 J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 105 IS 1 BP 16 EP 18 DI 10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0022 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 068NV UT WOS:000313374300004 ER PT J AU LaGier, AJ Manzo, ND Dye, JA AF LaGier, Adriana J. Manzo, Nicholas D. Dye, Janice A. TI Diesel Exhaust Particles Induce Aberrant Alveolar Epithelial Directed Cell Movement by Disruption of Polarity Mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; H EXCHANGER NHE1; INTRACELLULAR PH; ERM PROTEINS; EZRIN/RADIXIN/MOESIN PROTEINS; MIGRATION REQUIRES; EMERGENCY VISITS; LUNG-FUNCTION; IN-VITRO; EXPOSURE AB Disruption of the respiratory epithelium contributes to the progression of a variety of respiratory diseases that are aggravated by exposure to air pollutants, specifically traffic-based pollutants such as diesel exhaust particles (DEP). Recognizing that lung repair following injury requires efficient and directed alveolar epithelial cell migration, this study's goal was to understand the mechanisms underlying alveolar epithelial cells response to DEP, particularly when exposure is accompanied with comorbid lung injury. Separate mechanistic steps of directed migration were investigated in confluent murine LA-4 cells exposed to noncytotoxic concentrations (0100 mu g/cm2) of either automobile-emitted diesel exhaust particles (DEPA) or carbon black (CB) particles. A scratch wound model ascertained how DEPA exposure affected directional cell migration and BCECF ratio fluorimetry-monitored intracellular pH (pHi). Cells were immunostained with giantin to assess cell polarity, and with paxillin to assess focal cell adhesions. Cells were immunoblotted for ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) to assess cytoskeletal anchoring. Data demonstrate herein that exposure of LA-4 cells to DEPA (but not CB) resulted in delayed directional cell migration, impaired de-adhesion of the trailing edge cell processes, disrupted regulation of pHi, and altered Golgi polarity of leading edge cells, along with modified focal adhesions and reduced ERM levels, indicative of decreased cytoskeletal anchoring. The ability of DEPA to disrupt directed cell migration at multiple levels suggests that signaling pathways such as ERM/Rho are critical for transduction of ion transport signals into cytoskeletal arrangement responses. These results provide insights into the mechanisms by which chronic exposure to traffic-based emissions may result in decrements in lung capacity. C1 [LaGier, Adriana J.] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. [Manzo, Nicholas D.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. [Manzo, Nicholas D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care, Durham, NC USA. [LaGier, Adriana J.; Dye, Janice A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP LaGier, AJ (reprint author), Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Biol Sci, 10501 FGCU Blvd, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. EM alagier@fgcu.edu FU FGCU ORSP [10145D]; U.S. EPA [CT826512010] FX This work was partly funded by FGCU ORSP internal grant 10145D and U.S. EPA grant CT826512010. We thank Alan Tennant for assistance with the microscopy and Drs. A. Farraj, M. Madden, R. Humphries, and M. I. Gilmour for their critical review of this article. This article was reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 76 IS 2 BP 71 EP 85 DI 10.1080/15287394.2013.738169 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 067VK UT WOS:000313323000001 PM 23294296 ER PT J AU Nash, JT Szabo, DT Carey, GB AF Nash, Jessica T. Szabo, David T. Carey, Gale B. TI Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers Alter Hepatic Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Enzyme Kinetics in Male Wistar Rats: Implications for Lipid and Glucose Metabolism SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; THYROID-HORMONE; IN-VITRO; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PENTABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; CALIFORNIA WOMEN; PEPCK ACTIVITY AB Xenobiotics such as phenobarbital, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and Aroclor 1254 significantly suppress the activity of a key gluconeogenic and glyceroneogenic enzyme, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), suggesting that xenobiotics disrupt hepatic glucose and fat metabolism. The effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), a family of synthetic flame-retardant chemicals, on PEPCK activity is unknown. This study investigated the effect of DE-71, a commercial PBDE mixture, on PEPCK enzyme kinetics. Forty-eight 1-mo-old male Wistar rats were gavaged daily with either corn oil or corn oil containing 14 mg/kg DE-71 for 3, 14, or 28 d (n?=?8/group). At each time point, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were measured and hepatic PEPCK activity, lipid content, and three cytochrome P-450 enzymes (CYP1A, -2B, and -3A) were assayed. PBDE treatment for 28 d significantly decreased PEPCK Vmax (mu mol/min/g liver weight) by 43% and increased liver lipid by 20%, compared to control. CYP1A, -2B, and -3A Vmax values were enhanced by 5-, 6-, and 39-fold, respectively, at both 14 and 28 d in treated rats compared to control. There was a significant inverse and temporal correlation between CYP3A and PEPCK Vmax for the treatment group. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels were not markedly affected by treatment, but the glucose:insulin ratio was significantly higher in treated compared to control rats. Data suggest that in vivo PBDE treatment compromises liver glucose and lipid metabolism, and may influence whole-body insulin sensitivity. C1 [Nash, Jessica T.; Carey, Gale B.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Szabo, David T.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Carey, GB (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, 403 Kendall Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM gale.carey@unh.edu FU New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Whit Durant and Kylie Cowens for liver lipid analysis. Partial funding was provided by the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. This is scientific contribution number 2487. NR 75 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 76 IS 2 BP 142 EP 156 DI 10.1080/15287394.2012.738457 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 067VK UT WOS:000313323000007 PM 23294302 ER PT J AU Steinmetz, SA Herrington, JS Winterrowd, CK Roberts, WL Wendt, JOL Linak, WP AF Steinmetz, Scott A. Herrington, Jason S. Winterrowd, Christopher K. Roberts, William L. Wendt, Jost O. L. Linak, William P. TI Crude glycerol combustion: Particulate, acrolein, and other volatile organic emissions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Glycerol combustion; Emission characterization; Bio-fuels; Acrolein measurements; Waste fuels ID SOLID SORBENT; INTERFERENCES; ALDEHYDES AB Crude glycerol is an abundant by-product of biodiesel production. As volumes of this potential waste grow, there is increasing interest in developing new value added uses. One possible use, as a boiler fuel for process heating, offers added advantages of energy integration and fossil fuel substitution. However, challenges to the use of crude glycerol as a boiler fuel include its low energy density, high viscosity, and high autoignition temperature. We have previously shown that a refractory-lined, high swirl burner can overcome challenges related to flame ignition and stability. However, critical issues related to ash behavior and the possible formation of acrolein remained. The work presented here indicates that the presence of dissolved catalysts used during the esterification and transesterification processes results in extremely large amounts of inorganic species in the crude glycerol. For the fuels examined here, the result is a submicron fly ash comprised primarily of sodium carbonates, phosphates, and sulfates. These particles report to a well-developed accumulation mode (0.3-0.7 mu m diameter), indicating extensive ash vaporization and particle formation via nucleation, condensation, and coagulation. Particle mass emissions were between 2 and 4 g/m(3). These results indicate that glycerol containing soluble catalyst is not suitable as a boiler fuel. Fortunately, process improvements are currently addressing this issue. Additionally, acrolein is of concern due to its toxicity, and is known to be formed from the low temperature thermal decomposition of glycerol. Currently, there is no known reliable method for measuring acrolein in sources. Acrolein and emissions of other volatile organic compounds were characterized through the use of a SUMMA canister-based sampling method followed by GC-MS analysis designed for ambient measurements. Results indicate crude glycerol combustion produces relatively small amounts of acrolein (similar to 15 ppbv) and other volatile organic compounds, with emissions comparable to those from natural gas combustion. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Herrington, Jason S.; Linak, William P.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Steinmetz, Scott A.; Roberts, William L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Winterrowd, Christopher K.] ARCADIS US Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Wendt, Jost O. L.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Linak, WP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, E305-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM linak.bill@epa.gov FU NCSU/EPA Cooperative Training Program in Environmental Sciences Research; North Carolina State University [CT833235-01-0]; ARCA-DIS U.S., Inc. [EP-C-04-023]; [P.O. EP-09-C00114] FX Portions of this work were sponsored under the NCSU/EPA Cooperative Training Program in Environmental Sciences Research, Training Agreement CT833235-01-0 with North Carolina State University, P.O. EP-09-C00114 with J.O.L. Wendt, and Contract EP-C-04-023 with ARCA-DIS U.S., Inc. The authors are grateful to Mr. Daniel Janek, for his help operating the refractory-lined furnace, Dr. Simon Lappi, for his help with FTIR-ATR analyses at NCSU, and Mr. Myles Bohon, for his help with glycerol combustion issues. The research described in this article has been reviewed by the U.S. EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory and approved for publication. The contents of this article should not be construed to represent Agency policy nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2013 VL 34 BP 2749 EP 2757 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2012.07.050 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 065ES UT WOS:000313131800100 ER PT J AU Cao, YP Sivaganesan, M Kinzelman, J Blackwood, AD Noble, RT Haugland, RA Griffith, JF Weisberg, SB AF Cao, Yiping Sivaganesan, Mano Kinzelman, Julie Blackwood, A. Denene Noble, Rachel T. Haugland, Richard A. Griffith, John F. Weisberg, Stephen B. TI Effect of platform, reference material, and quantification model on enumeration of Enterococcus by quantitative PCR methods SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Recreational water quality; Rapid indicator; Molecular assay standard; qPCR machine; Comparative CT ID REAL-TIME PCR; RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; CULTURE-BASED METHODS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC-MARKERS; SURFACE WATERS; PLASMID DNA; QPCR; ILLNESS AB Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is increasingly being used for the quantitative detection of fecal indicator bacteria in beach water. QPCR allows for same-day health warnings, and its application is being considered as an option for recreational water quality testing in the United States (USEPA, 2011. EPA-OW-2011-0466, FRL-9609-3, Notice of Availability of Draft Recreational Water Quality Criteria and Request for Scientific Views). However, transition of qPCR from a research tool to routine water quality testing requires information on how various method variations affect target enumeration. Here we compared qPCR performance and enumeration of enterococci in spiked and environmental water samples using three qPCR platforms (Applied Biosystem StepOnePlus (TM), the BioRad iQ (TM) 5 and the Cepheid SmartCycler (R) II), two reference materials (lyophilized cells and frozen cells on filters) and two comparative CT quantification models (Delta CT and Delta Delta CT). Reference materials exerted the biggest influence, consistently affecting results by approximately 0.5 log(10) unit. Platform had the smallest effect, generally exerting <0.1 log(10) unit difference in final results. Quantification model led to small differences (0.04-0.2 log(10) unit) in this study with relatively uninhibited samples, but has the potential to cause as much as 8-fold (0.9 log(10) unit) difference in potentially inhibitory samples. Our findings indicate the need for a certified and centralized source of reference materials and additional studies to assess applicability of the quantification models in analyses of PCR inhibitory samples. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cao, Yiping; Griffith, John F.; Weisberg, Stephen B.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Sivaganesan, Mano] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kinzelman, Julie] City Racine Hlth Dept, Racine, WI 53403 USA. [Blackwood, A. Denene; Noble, Rachel T.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Haugland, Richard A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Cao, YP (reprint author), So Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, 3535 Harbor Blvd,Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. EM yipingc@sccwrp.org RI Griffith, John/B-6110-2011; Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008 OI Griffith, John/0000-0002-9542-6519; Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 1 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.09.056 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 068SK UT WOS:000313386300024 PM 23123048 ER PT J AU Ryu, H Henson, M Elk, M Toledo-Hernandez, C Griffith, J Blackwood, D Noble, R Gourmelon, M Glassmeyer, S Domingo, JWS AF Ryu, Hodon Henson, Michael Elk, Michael Toledo-Hernandez, Carlos Griffith, John Blackwood, Denene Noble, Rachel Gourmelon, Michele Glassmeyer, Susan Domingo, Jorge W. Santo TI Development of Quantitative PCR Assays Targeting the 16S rRNA Genes of Enterococcus spp. and Their Application to the Identification of Enterococcus Species in Environmental Samples SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV.; RECREATIONAL BEACHES; MOLECULAR-DETECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FECAL POLLUTION; SOURCE TRACKING; MULTIPLEX PCR; OCEAN WATER; GULL FECES; FAECALIS AB The detection of environmental enterococci has been determined primarily by using culture-based techniques that might exclude some enterococcal species as well as those that are nonculturable. To address this, the relative abundances of enterococci were examined by challenging fecal and water samples against a currently available genus-specific assay (Entero1). To determine the diversity of enterococcal species, 16S rRNA gene-based group-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were developed and evaluated against eight of the most common environmental enterococcal species. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of 439 presumptive environmental enterococcal strains were analyzed to study further the diversity of enterococci and to confirm the specificities of group-specific assays. The group-specific qPCR assays showed relatively high amplification rates with targeted species (>98%), although some assays cross-amplified with nontargeted species (1.3 to 6.5%). The results with the group-specific assays also showed that different enterococcal species co-occurred in most fecal samples. The most abundant enterococci in water and fecal samples were Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, although we identified more water isolates as Enterococcus casseliflavus than as any of the other species. The prevalence of the Entero1 marker was in agreement with the combined number of positive signals determined by the group-specific assays in most fecal samples, except in gull feces. On the other hand, the number of group-specific assay signals was lower in all water samples tested, suggesting that other enterococcal species are present in these samples. While the results highlight the value of genus-and group-specific assays for detecting the major enterococcal groups in environmental water samples, additional studies are needed to determine further the diversity, distributions, and relative abundances of all enterococcal species found in water. C1 [Ryu, Hodon; Henson, Michael; Elk, Michael; Toledo-Hernandez, Carlos; Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Griffith, John] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [Blackwood, Denene; Noble, Rachel] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Gourmelon, Michele] Ifremer, Ctr Brest, EMP, Microbiol Lab, Plouzane, France. [Glassmeyer, Susan] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Domingo, JWS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov RI Ryu, Hodon/E-4610-2011; Glassmeyer, Susan/E-5004-2017; OI Ryu, Hodon/0000-0002-6992-2519; Glassmeyer, Susan/0000-0002-0538-5793; Henson, Michael/0000-0002-4351-797X FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed or partially funded and collaborated in the research described herein. This work has been subjected to the agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency; therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 47 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 79 IS 1 BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1128/AEM.02802-12 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 062PK UT WOS:000312931600022 PM 23087032 ER PT J AU Cashdollar, JL Brinkman, NE Griffin, SM McMinn, BR Rhodes, ER Varughese, EA Grimm, AC Parshionikar, SU Wymer, L Fout, GS AF Cashdollar, Jennifer L. Brinkman, Nichole E. Griffin, Shannon M. McMinn, Brian R. Rhodes, Eric R. Varughese, Eunice A. Grimm, Ann C. Parshionikar, Sandhya U. Wymer, Larry Fout, G. Shay TI Development and Evaluation of EPA Method 1615 for Detection of Enterovirus and Norovirus in Water SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; ENTERIC VIRUSES; TAP WATER; RECOVERY; GASTROENTERITIS; ULTRAFILTRATION; ADENOVIRUSES; AGGREGATION; GROUNDWATER; ENVIRONMENT AB The U.S. EPA developed a sample concentration and preparation assay in conjunction with the total culturable virus assay for concentrating and measuring culturable viruses in source and drinking waters as part of the Information Collection Rule (ICR) promulgated in 1996. In an effort to improve upon this method, the U. S. EPA recently developed Method 1615: Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Method 1615 uses a culturable virus assay with reduced equipment and labor costs compared to the costs associated with the ICR virus method and introduces a new molecular assay for the detection of enteroviruses and noroviruses by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. In this study, we describe the optimization of several new components of the molecular assay and examine virus recovery from ground, reagent-grade, and surface water samples seeded with poliovirus type 3 and murine norovirus. For the culturable virus and molecular assays, mean poliovirus recovery using the complete method was 58% and 20% in groundwater samples, 122% and 39% using low-titer spikes in reagent-grade water, 42% and 48% using high-titer spikes in reagent-grade water, and 11% and 10% in surface water with high turbidity, respectively. Murine norovirus recovery by the molecular assay was 30% in groundwater samples, less than 8% in both low-and high-titer spikes in reagent-grade water, and 6% in surface water with high turbidity. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of Method 1615 for use with groundwater samples and highlights the need for further research into its effectiveness with surface water. C1 [Cashdollar, Jennifer L.; Brinkman, Nichole E.; Griffin, Shannon M.; McMinn, Brian R.; Rhodes, Eric R.; Varughese, Eunice A.; Grimm, Ann C.; Wymer, Larry; Fout, G. Shay] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Parshionikar, Sandhya U.] US EPA, Tech Support Ctr, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Cashdollar, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM cashdollar.jennifer@epa.gov NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 55 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 79 IS 1 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1128/AEM.02270-12 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 062PK UT WOS:000312931600024 PM 23087037 ER PT J AU Ramakrishnan, A Surampalli, RY AF Ramakrishnan, Anushuya Surampalli, Rao Y. TI Performance and energy economics of mesophilic and thermophilic digestion in anaerobic hybrid reactor treating coal wastewater SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phenolics; Coal wastewater; Mesophilic; Thermophilic; Methane ID SLUDGE BLANKET REACTOR; PHENOL; TEMPERATURES; BIOREACTOR; FILTERS AB Two anaerobic hybrid AHRs (AHR), mesophilic (35 degrees C) and thermophilic (55 degrees C) were operated with coal wastewater at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) ranging from 3-0.5 to 3.12-0.6 d with organic loading rates (OLR) of 1.12-6.72 g L-1 d(-1). Synthetic coal wastewater with an average chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 2240 mg L-1 and phenolics concentration of 752 mg L-1 was used as substrate. At each HRT, the thermophilic AHR gave a better performance, measured in terms of phenolics/COD removal and gas production. The specific methane yield was also higher for thermophilic AHR at each HRT compared to mesophilic one. The volatile fatty acid concentration in the effluent increased with the lowering of HRT. The Stover-Kincannon model was applicable at both temperatures and showed higher substrate utilization in thermophilic AHR. Energy economic study of the AHRs revealed that 11,938 MJ d(-1) more energy can be generated using thermophilic AHR than mesophilic. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ramakrishnan, Anushuya] UT Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Surampalli, Rao Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Ramakrishnan, A (reprint author), UT Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM anushuyar@gmail.com NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 127 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.071 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 062NK UT WOS:000312926400002 PM 23138053 ER PT J AU Baig, RBN Varma, RS AF Baig, R. B. Nasir Varma, Rajender S. TI Magnetically retrievable catalysts for organic synthesis SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS; SURFACE ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE CARBONYLATION; NANOPARTICLE-SUPPORTED PALLADIUM; N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENES; BAYLIS-HILLMAN REACTION; ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; BETA-KETO-ESTERS; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION AB The use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a catalyst support in organic synthesis is summarized. The recovery of expensive catalysts after catalytic reaction and reusing them without losing their activity is an essential feature in the sustainable process development. The aim of this article is to highlight the progress in the synthesis and catalytic applications of magnetic catalysts in organic synthesis. The heterogenization of the catalyst using magnetic nanoparticles allows it to be recovered and reused using an external magnet. C1 [Baig, R. B. Nasir; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 183 TC 207 Z9 207 U1 8 U2 143 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2013 VL 49 IS 8 BP 752 EP 770 DI 10.1039/c2cc35663e PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 056QG UT WOS:000312505500001 PM 23212208 ER PT J AU Rosenzweig, S Sorial, GA Sahle-Demessie, E Mack, J AF Rosenzweig, Shirley Sorial, George A. Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew Mack, James TI Effect of acid and alcohol network forces within functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes bundles on adsorption of copper (II) species SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Adsorption; Carbon nanotubes; Copper; CNT; Deprotonation; Kinetics ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; METAL-IONS; EQUILIBRIUM; SORPTION; KINETICS; REMOVAL; PLASMA; CU2+ AB The adsorptive capacity of multiwall CNTs for copper species in water depends on the type of functional group present on their surface. The alcohol (OH) and acid (COOH) network forces formed by van der Waals bonds within the CNT bundles can define their aggregate state and available sites for copper adsorption. Copper is attracted to different oxygen radicals on the surface and within the bundles of CNTs. The effect of initial concentration shown on isotherm curves was investigated as an impact of different network forces and the presence of impurities leached from as-received CNTs. Deprotonation of CNTs reduced the COOH network forces, improved adsorption capacity and removed the effect of initial concentration. Impurities leached from CNTs under the effect of pH were less than 1 mg g(-1) for each metal, which was insignificant compared to copper in solution. Pristine CNTs were acid washed and purified (Ox-CNTs), improving their adsorption capacity, but the effect of initial concentration was still present. Adsorption of copper is stronger for OH-functionalized CNTs, followed by deprotonated COOH-functionalized CNTs, as-received COOH-functionalized CNT, Ox-CNTs and finally pristine CNTs. FTIR, XPS and zeta potential measurements were used to identify and quantify the different surface functional groups present on CNTs. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rosenzweig, Shirley; Sorial, George A.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Environm Engn Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Mack, James] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Sorial, GA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Environm Engn Program, POB 210012, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM george.sorial@uc.edu NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 54 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2013 VL 90 IS 2 BP 395 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.07.034 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058FA UT WOS:000312618300036 PM 22921655 ER PT J AU Scholz, S Renner, P Belanger, SE Busquet, F Davi, R Demeneix, BA Denny, JS Leonard, M McMaster, ME Villeneuve, DL Embry, MR AF Scholz, S. Renner, P. Belanger, S. E. Busquet, F. Davi, R. Demeneix, B. A. Denny, J. S. Leonard, M. McMaster, M. E. Villeneuve, D. L. Embry, M. R. TI Alternatives to in vivo tests to detect endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in fish and amphibians - screening for estrogen, androgen and thyroid hormone disruption SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Regression; estrogens; metamorphosis; reproduction; androgens; thyroid hormones; estradiol; thyroxine; embryo; alternatives to testing of animals; in vitro; variability; dose-response; receptor binding ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; CROAKER MICROPOGONIAS-UNDULATUS; RELATIVE BINDING AFFINITIES; PRIMARY HEPATOCYTE CULTURE; TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENTS; ALKYLATED NON-PHENOLICS AB Endocrine disruption is considered a highly relevant hazard for environmental risk assessment of chemicals, plant protection products, biocides and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, screening tests with a focus on interference with estrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone pathways in fish and amphibians have been developed. However, they use a large number of animals and short-term alternatives to animal tests would be advantageous. Therefore, the status of alternative assays for endocrine disruption in fish and frogs was assessed by a detailed literature analysis. The aim was to (i) determine the strengths and limitations of alternative assays and (ii) present conclusions regarding chemical specificity, sensitivity, and correlation with in vivo data. Data from 1995 to present were collected related to the detection/testing of estrogen-, androgen-, and thyroid-active chemicals in the following test systems: cell lines, primary cells, fish/frog embryos, yeast and cell-free systems. The review shows that the majority of alternative assays measure effects directly mediated by receptor binding or resulting from interference with hormone synthesis. Other mechanisms were rarely analysed. A database was established and used for a quantitative and comparative analysis. For example, a high correlation was observed between cell-free ligand binding and cell-based reporter cell assays, between fish and frog estrogenic data and between fish embryo tests and in vivo reproductive effects. It was concluded that there is a need for a more systematic study of the predictive capacity of alternative tests and ways to reduce inter-and intra-assay variability. C1 [Scholz, S.; Renner, P.] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Bioanalyt Ecotoxicol, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Belanger, S. E.] Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Busquet, F.] Johns Hopkins Univ, CAAT, Baltimore, MD USA. [Davi, R.] ExxonMobil Biomedical Sci Inc, Amandale, NJ USA. [Demeneix, B. A.] Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-75231 Paris, France. [Denny, J. S.; Villeneuve, D. L.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [Leonard, M.] LOreal, Aulnay Sous Bois, France. [McMaster, M. E.] Environm Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Embry, M. R.] ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Scholz, S (reprint author), UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Bioanalyt Ecotoxicol, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. EM stefan.scholz@ufz.de RI Scholz, Stefan/B-7776-2014; OI Scholz, Stefan/0000-0002-6990-4716; Belanger, Scott/0000-0003-0369-9673 FU Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ FX B. Demeneix is a co-founder of WatchFrog. Watchfrog develops and applies amphibian and fish embryo models for environmental and chemical testing. Authors S. Scholz and P. Renner are employed by the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, a public funded research institute of the Helmholtz Association exclusively dedicated to environmental research. These authors were compensated by ILSI-HESI and L'Oreal for the preparation of this review. All other authors contributed to the review as part of their normal employment. S. E. Belanger is employed by The Procter & Gamble Company in the Corporate Product Safety and Regulatory Affairs organization and is Co-chair of the ILSI-HESI Project Committee on Animal Alternative Needs in Environmental Risk Assessment. J. Denny and D. Villeneuve are employed by the US EPA, Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL). M. R. Embry is employed by a nonprofit institution, ILSI-HESI. M. McMaster is employed by Environment Canada, Water Science and Technology Division, National Water Research Institute (NWRI). The views expressed in this article are purely those of the authors and may not be regarded as stating an official position of the employing organisation. F. Busquet received a travel grant to present the review data at the Annual meeting of the Society of Toxicology in 2011, Washington, DC. This manuscript has been subjected to review by the US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. It also received internal review by Environment Canada, National Water Research Institute and was approved for publication. Government and academic authors were reimbursed for travel expenses to attend committee meetings and did not receive any other compensation. M. Leonard is employed by L'Oreal in the Research & Innovation organization and is also a Co-chair of the ILSI-HESI Project Committee on Animal Alternative Needs in Environmental Risk Assessment. The author's affiliation is as shown on the cover page. The authors have sole responsibility for the writing and content of the paper. NR 223 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 174 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1040-8444 EI 1547-6898 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 43 IS 1 BP 45 EP 72 PG 28 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 062XV UT WOS:000312958700003 PM 23190036 ER PT J AU Spassova, MA Miller, DJ Eastmond, DA Nikolova, NS Vulimiri, SV Caldwell, J Chen, C White, PD AF Spassova, Maria A. Miller, David J. Eastmond, David A. Nikolova, Nadejda S. Vulimiri, Suryanarayana V. Caldwell, Jane Chen, Chao White, Paul D. TI Dose-response analysis of bromate-induced DNA damage and mutagenicity is consistent with low-dose linear, nonthreshold processes SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE dose-response; bromate; genotoxicity; reactive oxygen species; low-dose linearity ID POTASSIUM BROMATE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DRINKING-WATER; IN-VIVO; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; CELL-PROLIFERATION; MICRONUCLEUS TEST; RENAL CARCINOGEN; KIDNEY-CELLS AB Mutagenic agents have long been inferred to act through low-dose linear, nonthreshold processes. However, there is debate about this assumption, with various studies interpreting datasets as showing thresholds for DNA damage and mutation. We have applied rigorous statistical analyses to investigate the shape of dose-response relationships for a series of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity studies using potassium bromate (KBrO3), a water ozonation byproduct that is bioactivated to a reactive species causing oxidative damage to DNA. We analyzed studies of KBrO3 genotoxicity where no-effect/threshold levels were reported as well as other representative datasets. In all cases, the data were consistent with low-dose linear models. In the majority of cases, the data were fit either by a linear (straight line) model or a model which was linear at low doses and showed a saturation-like downward curvature at high doses. Other datasets with apparent upward curvature were still adequately represented by models that were linear at low dose. Sensitivity analysis of datasets showing upward curvature revealed that both low-dose linear and nonlinear models provide adequate fits. Additionally, a simple biochemical model of selected key processes in bromate-induced DNA damage was developed and illustrated a situation where response for early primary events suggested an apparent threshold while downstream events were linear. Overall, the statistical analyses of DNA damage and mutations induced by KBrO3 are consistent with a low-dose linear response and do not provide convincing evidence for the presence of a threshold. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2013. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Spassova, Maria A.; Miller, David J.; Vulimiri, Suryanarayana V.; Caldwell, Jane; Chen, Chao; White, Paul D.] US EPA, NCEA, ORD, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Eastmond, David A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Nikolova, Nadejda S.] Langley High Sch, Mclean, VA USA. RP Spassova, MA (reprint author), US EPA, NCEA, ORD, Mail Code 8623P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Spassova.maria@epa.gov OI Vulimiri, Suryanarayana/0000-0003-3734-0036 FU Research Participation Program for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development FX Grant sponsors: Research Participation Program for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 54 IS 1 BP 19 EP 35 DI 10.1002/em.21737 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 063IX UT WOS:000312991300003 PM 23015362 ER PT J AU Laniak, GF Rizzoli, AE Voinov, A AF Laniak, Gerard F. Rizzoli, Andrea E. Voinov, Alexey TI Thematic Issue on the Future of Integrated Modeling Science and Technology Preface SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Laniak, Gerard F.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Rizzoli, Andrea E.] Dalle Molle Inst Artificial Intelligence Studies, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland. [Voinov, Alexey] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Laniak, GF (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM laniak.gerry@epa.gov; andrea@idsia.ch; voinov@itc.nl RI Voinov, Alexey/F-7397-2010; Rizzoli, Andrea Emilio/B-2985-2010 OI Voinov, Alexey/0000-0002-2985-4574; Rizzoli, Andrea Emilio/0000-0001-8179-0750 NR 1 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 39 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.09.004 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056UP UT WOS:000312517200001 ER PT J AU Williams, R Croghan, C Ryan, PB AF Williams, Ron Croghan, Carry Ryan, P. Barry TI Human exposures to PAHs: an eastern United States pilot study SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Personal exposure monitoring; PAHs; Particulate matter; NHEXAS ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; OUTDOOR CONCENTRATIONS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; AGGREGATE EXPOSURE; DRINKING-WATER; AMBIENT AIR; MARYLAND; POPULATION; INDOOR; CHLORPYRIFOS AB Personal exposure monitoring for select polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was performed as part of the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) Pilot Study in Baltimore, MD and in four surrounding counties (NHEXAS-Maryland). An objective of this effort was to establish environmental exposure estimates for non-scripted subpopulations involved in their normal activities. Participants, children, and adults (ages 13-84) were randomly selected from urban, suburban, and rural areas near Baltimore. Twenty-four hour PM10 sample collections (similar to 5.8 m(3)) were performed using personal environmental monitors. Monitoring was performed for 47 households and 6 sampling Cycles during 1995-1996. A total of 233 personal air samples were available from the participants with eight PAHs speciated (e.g., chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene) as well as an aggregate grouping (total carcinogenic PAHs). Results indicate that similar to 50 % of the selected samples had detectable concentrations for 3 to 5 of the individual PAHs depending upon spatial setting. Noted differences were observed between exposure concentrations from individuals living in rural areas as compared to urban/suburban environments. Mean benzo(a)pyrene concentrations were observed to be 0.10 ng/m(3) across the entire sampling population. This represented a value well below the World Health Organization's 1.0 ng/m(3) ambient air guideline for this PAH. C1 [Ryan, P. Barry] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Williams, Ron; Croghan, Carry] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ryan, PB (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM bryan@emory.edu NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 185 IS 1 BP 1011 EP 1023 DI 10.1007/s10661-012-2610-4 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 061GB UT WOS:000312835300080 PM 22565598 ER PT J AU Ma, HB Williams, PL Diamond, SA AF Ma, Hongbo Williams, Phillip L. Diamond, Stephen A. TI Ecotoxicity of manufactured ZnO nanoparticles - A review SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Review DE ZnO nanoparticles; Ecotoxicity; Particle dissolution; Reactive oxygen species; Photo-induced toxicity ID ZINC-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; BULK ZNO; COMPARATIVE TOXICITY; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; PARTICLE-SIZE; NANO-ZNO AB This report presents an exhaustive literature review on the toxicity of manufactured ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) to ecological receptors across different taxa: bacteria, algae and plants, aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates and vertebrates. Ecotoxicity studies on ZnO NPs are most abundant in bacteria, and are relatively lacking in other species. These studies suggest relative high acute toxicity of ZnO NPs (in the low mg/l levels) to environmental species, although this toxicity is highly dependent on test species, physico-chemical properties of the material, and test methods. Particle dissolution to ionic zinc and particle-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent the primary modes of action for ZnO NP toxicity across all species tested, and photo-induced toxicity associated with its photocatalytic property may be another important mechanism of toxicity under environmentally relevant UV radiation. Finally, current knowledge gaps within this area are briefly discussed and recommendations for future research are made. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ma, Hongbo; Diamond, Stephen A.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Williams, Phillip L.] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Diamond, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM diamond.steve@epa.gov FU National Research Council at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division laboratory FX This research was performed while the author, Hongbo Ma, held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division laboratory. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 87 TC 208 Z9 228 U1 66 U2 542 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 172 BP 76 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.08.011 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 060HE UT WOS:000312766300009 PM 22995930 ER PT J AU DuPont, A AF DuPont, Andre TI Best practices for the sustainable production of algae-based biofuel in China SO MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Algae; Biofuel; Production of biofuel; Best management practices; Algal biofuel; Biodiesel; Commercial biofuel production; Botryococcus Braunii; Transesterification; Biofuel from algae; Advanced biofuel; Transesterification of biofuel; Biofuel in China ID CHLORELLA-VULGARIS; MICROALGAE; BIODIESEL; BIOMASS; GROWTH AB This paper focuses on developing countries that are striving to understand the requirements for the sustainable, commercial development of algae for the production of biofuels. The paper will review the sustainable development of biofuel production, including the major issues that must be addressed before embarking on the path to sustainable biofuel production. The sustainable production of biofuel should be implemented with an ecologically friendly perspective to ensure that future generations will enjoy prosperity of the planet that we share. We can find more than one path for the development of biofuel production from algae but sustainable development must be stressed to ensure prosperity for future generations. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP DuPont, A (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM andy.dupont@gmail.com RI DuPont, Andre/B-5146-2013 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 107 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-2386 J9 MITIG ADAPT STRAT GL JI Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 18 IS 1 SI SI BP 97 EP 111 DI 10.1007/s11027-012-9373-7 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 060NL UT WOS:000312784900007 ER PT J AU Weaver, CP Lempert, RJ Brown, C Hall, JA Revell, D Sarewitz, D AF Weaver, Christopher P. Lempert, Robert J. Brown, Casey Hall, John A. Revell, David Sarewitz, Daniel TI Improving the contribution of climate model information to decision making: the value and demands of robust decision frameworks SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Review ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; WATER-RESOURCES; ADAPTATION DECISIONS; CHANGE UNCERTAINTIES; CALIFORNIA COAST; EARTH-SCIENCES; GLOBAL CHANGE; PREDICTION; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM AB In this paper, we review the need for, use of, and demands on climate modeling to support so-called robust decision frameworks, in the context of improving the contribution of climate information to effective decision making. Such frameworks seek to identify policy vulnerabilities under deep uncertainty about the future and propose strategies for minimizing regret in the event of broken assumptions. We argue that currently there is a severe underutilization of climate models as tools for supporting decision making, and that this is slowing progress in developing informed adaptation and mitigation responses to climate change. This underutilization stems from two root causes, about which there is a growing body of literature: one, a widespread, but limiting, conception that the usefulness of climate models in planning begins and ends with regional-scale predictions of multidecadal climate change; two, the general failure so far to incorporate learning from the decision and social sciences into climate-related decision support in key sectors. We further argue that addressing these root causes will require expanding the conception of climate models; not simply as prediction machines within predict-then-act decision frameworks, but as scenario generators, sources of insight into complex system behavior, and aids to critical thinking within robust decision frameworks. Such a shift, however, would have implications for how users perceive and use information from climate models and, ultimately, the types of information they will demand from these modelsand thus for the types of simulations and numerical experiments that will have the most value for informing decision making. WIREs Clim Change 2013, 4:3960. doi: 10.1002/wcc.202 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. This article is a U.S. Government work, and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Weaver, Christopher P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Lempert, Robert J.] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA USA. [Brown, Casey] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Hall, John A.] US Dept Def, Strateg Environm Res & Dev Program, Environm Secur Technol Certificat Program, Alexandria, VA USA. [Revell, David] Environm Sci Associates Environm Hydrol, San Francisco, CA USA. [Sarewitz, Daniel] Arizona State Univ, Consortium Sci Policy & Outcomes, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Weaver, CP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Weaver.Chris@epamail.epa.gov RI Weaver, Christopher/G-3714-2010 OI Weaver, Christopher/0000-0003-4016-5451 NR 148 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 8 U2 164 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1757-7780 EI 1757-7799 J9 WIRES CLIM CHANGE JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Clim. Chang. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 4 IS 1 BP 39 EP 60 DI 10.1002/wcc.202 PG 22 WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 059VR UT WOS:000312734100004 ER PT J AU Kou, JH Varma, RS AF Kou, Jiahui Varma, Rajender S. TI Speedy fabrication of diameter-controlled Ag nanowires using glycerol under microwave irradiation conditions SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SILVER NANOWIRES; POLYOL SYNTHESIS; ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; GROWTH-MECHANISM; RATIONAL DESIGN; NANOPARTICLES; MORPHOLOGY; SOLVENT; NITRATE AB Diameter-controlled Ag nanowires were rapidly fabricated (1 min) using inexpensive, abundant, and environmentally-friendly glycerol as both a reductant and solvent under non-stirred microwave irradiation conditions; no Ag particles were formed using conventional heating methods. The temperature and pressure of the reaction systems were monitored to investigate the role of microwaves in the assembly of nanowires. C1 [Kou, Jiahui; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 72 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2013 VL 49 IS 7 BP 692 EP 694 DI 10.1039/c2cc37696b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 056BH UT WOS:000312461400012 PM 23223244 ER PT J AU Ankley, GT Gorsuch, JW AF Ankley, Gerald T. Gorsuch, Joseph W. TI First in a special series: Analysis of the impact of papers published in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry over the past 30 years-an overview and coming attractions SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TOXICITY C1 [Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [Gorsuch, Joseph W.] Copper Dev Assoc Inc, Webster, NY USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. EM ankley.gerald@epa.gov NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1002/etc.2053 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 057EQ UT WOS:000312545700001 PM 23255464 ER PT J AU Hooper, MJ Ankley, GT Cristol, DA Maryoung, LA Noyes, PD Pinkerton, KE AF Hooper, Michael J. Ankley, Gerald T. Cristol, Daniel A. Maryoung, Lindley A. Noyes, Pamela D. Pinkerton, Kent E. TI Interactions between chemical and climate stressors: A role for mechanistic toxicology in assessing climate change risks SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Adverse outcome pathway; Acclimation; Weather ID BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ADVERSE OUTCOME PATHWAYS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; FEMALE POLAR BEARS; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; OC EXPOSURE IMPAIR; THYROID-HORMONE AB Incorporation of global climate change (GCC) effects into assessments of chemical risk and injury requires integrated examinations of chemical and nonchemical stressors. Environmental variables altered by GCC (temperature, precipitation, salinity, pH) can influence the toxicokinetics of chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion as well as toxicodynamic interactions between chemicals and target molecules. In addition, GCC challenges processes critical for coping with the external environment (water balance, thermoregulation, nutrition, and the immune, endocrine, and neurological systems), leaving organisms sensitive to even slight perturbations by chemicals when pushed to the limits of their physiological tolerance range. In simplest terms, GCC can make organisms more sensitive to chemical stressors, while alternatively, exposure to chemicals can make organisms more sensitive to GCC stressors. One challenge is to identify potential interactions between nonchemical and chemical stressors affecting key physiological processes in an organism. We employed adverse outcome pathways, constructs depicting linkages between mechanism-based molecular initiating events and impacts on individuals or populations, to assess how chemical- and climate-specific variables interact to lead to adverse outcomes. Case examples are presented for prospective scenarios, hypothesizing potential chemicalGCC interactions, and retrospective scenarios, proposing mechanisms for demonstrated chemicalclimate interactions in natural populations. Understanding GCC interactions along adverse outcome pathways facilitates extrapolation between species or other levels of organization, development of hypotheses and focal areas for further research, and improved inputs for risk and resource injury assessments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:3248. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Hooper, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [Cristol, Daniel A.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, Inst Integrat Bird Behav Studies, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Maryoung, Lindley A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Noyes, Pamela D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Pinkerton, Kent E.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Hlth & Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hooper, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. EM mhooper@usgs.gov OI Hooper, Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961 NR 144 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 11 U2 156 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 32 EP 48 DI 10.1002/etc.2043 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 057EQ UT WOS:000312545700007 PM 23136056 ER PT J AU Burgess, RM Berry, WJ Mount, DR Di Toro, DM AF Burgess, Robert M. Berry, Walter J. Mount, David R. Di Toro, Dominic M. TI Mechanistic sediment quality guidelines based on contaminant bioavailability: Equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmarks SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Contaminated sediment; Sediment quality guideline; Equilibrium partitioning; Equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmark; Bioavailability ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; INFAUNAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ACID VOLATILE SULFIDE; ACUTE TOXICITY; TECHNICAL BASIS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; BLACK CARBON; PORE-WATER AB Globally, estimated costs to manage (i.e., remediate and monitor) contaminated sediments are in the billions of U.S. dollars. Biologically based approaches for assessing the contaminated sediments which pose the greatest ecological risk range from toxicity testing to benthic community analysis. In addition, chemically based sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) provide a relatively inexpensive line of evidence for supporting these assessments. The present study summarizes a mechanistic SQG based on equilibrium partitioning (EqP), which uses the dissolved concentrations of contaminants in sediment interstitial waters as a surrogate for bioavailable contaminant concentrations. The EqP-based mechanistic SQGs are called equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmarks (ESBs). Sediment concentrations less than or equal to the ESB values are not expected to result in adverse effects and benthic organisms should be protected, while sediment concentrations above the ESB values may result in adverse effects to benthic organisms. In the present study, ESB values are reported for 34 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 32 other organic contaminants, and seven metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, silver, zinc). Also included is an overview of EqP theory, ESB derivation, examples of applying ESB values, and considerations when using ESBs. The ESBs are intended as a complement to existing sediment-assessment tools, to assist in determining the extent of sediment contamination, to help identify chemicals causing toxicity, and to serve as targets for pollutant loading control measures. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:102114. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Burgess, Robert M.; Berry, Walter J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. [Mount, David R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [Di Toro, Dominic M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE USA. RP Burgess, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. EM burgess.robert@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Program Offices and Regions; Office of Water and the Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation FX The information summarized here is based on the scientific advancements made by many people including G. T. Ankley, W. S. Boothman, L. D. DeRosa, D.J. Hansen, T. K. Linton, J.A. McGrath, R.J. Ozretich, R. L. Spehar, F. E. Stancil, and R. C. Swartz as well as support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Program Offices and Regions including the Office of Water and the Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, specifically H. E. Bell, S.J. Ells, L. Evison, D. S. Ireland, F.J. Keating, M. C. Reiley, and C. S. Zarba. We also appreciate the insightful comments on the draft manuscript by the internal reviewers D.J. Cobb, K. T. Ho, J. LiVolsi, W. R. Munns, and M. M. Perron. Finally, we acknowledge the years of constructive input from countless colleagues on the development of mechanistic guidelines and enthusiastic debate surrounding their application. This is NHEERL Contribution AED-12-021. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This report has been reviewed by the U.S. EPA's Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency. NR 93 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 9 U2 125 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 102 EP 114 DI 10.1002/etc.2025 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 057EQ UT WOS:000312545700012 PM 23060276 ER PT J AU Baird, S Garrison, A Jones, J Avants, J Bringolf, R Black, M AF Baird, Suzanne Garrison, Arthur Jones, Jack Avants, Jimmy Bringolf, Robert Black, Marsha TI Enantioselective toxicity and bioaccumulation of fipronil in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) following water and sediment exposures SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Chiral contaminant; Enantioselective toxicity; Bioaccumulation; Sediment; Fipronil ID DEGRADATION; INSECTICIDE; ENANTIOMERS; PESTICIDES; SURVIVAL; GROWTH AB Fipronil is a widely used, broad-spectrum pesticide that is applied as an equal mixture of two enantiomers. As regulations on older pesticides become more stringent, production and application of fipronil is expected to grow, leading to increased inputs into aquatic environments and complex exposures to biota. To better understand the potential exposures introduced by fipronil contamination, we conducted subchronic toxicity tests with larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and waterborne fipronil and its enantiomers and exposed juvenile fathead minnows to fipronil-spiked sediment. Enantioselective toxicity was observed in fish after the 7-d subchronic exposure, with increased toxicity of the racemate and (+) enantiomer observed compared with the (-) enantiomer. Curiously, toxicities of the racemate and (+) enantiomer were not significantly different, even though the racemate contains 50% of the (+) enantiomer and 50% of the less toxic (-) enantiomer. During the sediment exposure, racemic fipronil in sediment was transformed primarily to fipronil sulfide, while exposed fish rapidly accumulated fipronil and/or fipronil sulfide and transformed the majority to fipronil sulfone. Using the results of the sediment-exposure experiment, the authors explored a mechanism that may contribute to the interesting trends in enantioselective toxicity observed during the waterborne exposures. In tandem, the aquatic toxicity experiment and the spiked sediment exposure demonstrate the potentially complex behavior of fipronil in sediment and fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:222227. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Baird, Suzanne; Black, Marsha] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Garrison, Arthur; Jones, Jack] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. [Avants, Jimmy] US EPA, Senior Serv Amer, Athens, GA USA. [Bringolf, Robert] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Black, M (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mblack@uga.edu RI Black, Marsha /B-6449-2013 FU University of Georgia's Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program; Department of Environmental Health Science FX We thank the Office of Research and Development, Ecosystems Research Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for in-kind support and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for donation of the fathead minnows used in this research. Funding for S. Baird was provided by the University of Georgia's Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program and the Department of Environmental Health Science. Daily monitoring of toxicity experiments was conducted with the help of L. Choi, B. Cantrell, S. Dulson, and A. Kulkarni. We thank J. Overmyer for valuable guidance in the design and conduct of these experiments and R. Cooper and M. Newman for valuable direction in the statistical analysis of the data. The present study has been reviewed in accordance with the U S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 222 EP 227 DI 10.1002/etc.2041 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 057EQ UT WOS:000312545700025 PM 23109279 ER PT J AU Phillips, L Moya, J AF Phillips, Linda Moya, Jacqueline TI The evolution of EPA's Exposure Factors Handbook and its future as an exposure assessment resource SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE exposure modeling; child exposure/health; inhalation exposure; dermal exposure; dietary exposure ID CHILDHOOD; PATTERNS; WEIGHT AB The need to compile and summarize exposure factors data into a resource document was first established in 1983 after the publication of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report on Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process and subsequent publication of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) exposure guidelines in 1986 (NAS, 1983; US EPA, 1986). During the same time frame, the EPA published a report entitled Development of Statistical Distributions or Ranges of Standard Factors Used in Exposure Assessment to promote consistency among various exposure assessment activities in which EPA was involved and to serve as a support document to the 1986 exposure guidelines (US EPA, 1985). As the exposure assessment field continued to advance during the 1980s and 1990s, so did the need for more comprehensive data on exposure factors. The Exposure Factors Handbook was first published in 1989 in response to this need (US EPA, 1989). It became an important reference document and has been revised and updated since its original publication (US EPA, 1989; US EPA, 1997a; US EPA, 2011a). This paper reviews the evolution of the Exposure Factors Handbook and explores anticipated needs and some of the potential options for future updates of the handbook. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2013) 23, 13-21; doi:10.1038/jes.2012.77; published online 18 July 2012 C1 [Phillips, Linda; Moya, Jacqueline] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Phillips, L (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Mailcode 8623P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM phillips.linda@epa.gov NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 23 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1038/jes.2012.77 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 057QE UT WOS:000312577300003 PM 22805985 ER PT J AU Lin, S Jones, R Pantea, C Ozkaynak, H Rao, ST Hwang, SA Garcia, VC AF Lin, Shao Jones, Rena Pantea, Cristian Oezkaynak, Haluk Rao, S. Trivikrama Hwang, Syni-An Garcia, Valerie C. TI Impact of NOx emissions reduction policy on hospitalizations for respiratory disease in New York State SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE accountability; emissions policy; ozone; respiratory disease; regulatory programs ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; OZONE AIR-QUALITY; NITROGEN-OXIDES EMISSIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; ADMISSIONS; POLLUTION; ASSOCIATION AB To date, only a limited number of studies have examined the impact of ambient pollutant policy on respiratory morbidities. This accountability study examined the effect of a regional pollution control policy, namely, the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) nitrogen oxides (NOx) Budget Trading Program (NBP), on respiratory health in New York State (NYS). Time-series analysis using generalized additive models was applied to assess changes in daily hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in NYS after the implementation of the NBP policy. Respiratory end points in the summers during the baseline period (1997-2000) were compared with those during the post-intervention period (2004-2006). Stratified analyses were also conducted to examine whether health impacts of the NBP differed by socio-demographic, regional, or clinical characteristics. Following the implementation of EPA's NBP policy, there were significant reductions in mean ozone levels (-2% to -9%) throughout NYS. After adjusting for time-varying variables, PM2.5 concentration, and meteorological factors, significant post-intervention declines in respiratory admissions were observed in the Central (-10.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): -14.18, -6.01), Lower Hudson (-11.05, 95% CI: -16.54, -5.19), and New York City Metro regions (-5.71, 95% CI: -7.39, -4.00), consistent with wind trajectory patterns. Stratified analyses suggest that admissions for asthma, chronic airway obstruction, among those 5-17 years old, self-payers, Medicaid-covered, and rural residents declined the most post-NBP. This study suggests that the NOx control policy may have had a positive impact on both air pollution levels statewide and respiratory health in some NYS regions. However, the effect varied by disease subgroups, region, and socio-demographic characteristics. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2013) 23, 73-80; doi:10.1038/jes.2012.69; published online 25 July 2012 C1 [Lin, Shao; Jones, Rena; Pantea, Cristian; Hwang, Syni-An] New York State Dept Hlth, Ctr Environm Hlth, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Oezkaynak, Haluk; Rao, S. Trivikrama; Garcia, Valerie C.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lin, S (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Ctr Environm Hlth, 547 River St,Room 200, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM sxl05@health.state.ny.us OI Lin, Shao/0000-0002-5535-7504 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 23 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1038/jes.2012.69 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 057QE UT WOS:000312577300011 PM 22829050 ER PT J AU John, RP Tyagi, RD Brar, SK Prevost, D Surampalli, RY AF John, Rojan P. Tyagi, R. D. Brar, Satinder K. Prevost, D. Surampalli, R. Y. TI EFFECT OF EMULSION FORMULATION OF SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI AND PRE-INOCULATED SEEDS ON ALFALFA NODULATION AND GROWTH: A POUCH STUDY SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Sinorhizobium meliloti emulsion; nodulation index; alfalfa growth; pre-inoculated seeds ID WASTE-WATER SLUDGE; SURVIVAL; CARRIER; RHIZOBIUM; PEA AB Emulsion formulation found to be optimal for survival of Sinorhizobium meliloti and the efficiency was tested for the nodulation on alfalfa. The emulsion formulation can be diluted up to 105 to 107 times to achieve maximum nodulation index (18) and to get maximum growth of the plant (height and dry weight). Emulsion can be applied on seed to make pre-inoculated seeds and storage at 4 degrees C for two months provides more than 105 CFU/seeds (minimum standard requirement is 103 CFU/seeds). Nodulation test proved that both minimum and maximum requirement provide highest nodulation index and almost similar growth effect after 28 days of growth in pouches. C1 [John, Rojan P.; Tyagi, R. D.; Brar, Satinder K.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Prevost, D.] Agr & Agroalimentaire Canada, Ste Foy, PQ, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca OI P. John, Rojan/0000-0002-9703-1238 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A4984, CRD362350-07]; MAPAQ [807150]; Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT); INRS-ETE FX The authors are sincerely thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grants A4984, Canada Research Chair, and CRD362350-07), MAPAQ (807150), Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT) and INRS-ETE for financial support. Authors are thankful to Mr. T. Roussi and Mr. N. Mahmdi for their technical assistance and Mr. A. Mahmoudi for his help in statistical analysis. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 36 IS 2 BP 231 EP 242 DI 10.1080/01904167.2012.739243 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 056JD UT WOS:000312483400005 ER PT J AU Gawande, MB Guo, HZ Rathi, AK Branco, PS Chen, YZ Varma, RS Peng, DL AF Gawande, Manoj B. Guo, Huizhang Rathi, Anuj K. Branco, Paula S. Chen, Yuanzhi Varma, Rajender S. Peng, Dong-Liang TI First application of core-shell Ag@Ni magnetic nanocatalyst for transfer hydrogenation reactions of aromatic nitro and carbonyl compounds SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; NICKEL NANOPARTICLES; CHEMOSELECTIVE REDUCTION; CATALYSTS SYNTHESIS; FACILE SYNTHESIS; AMMONIA BORANE; OXIDATION; ALCOHOLS; METAL; ROUTE AB A magnetically separable core-shell Ag@Ni nanocatalyst was prepared by a simple one-pot synthetic route using oleylamine both as solvent and reducing agent and triphenylphosphine as surfactant. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by several techniques such as X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The core-shell Ag@Ni nanocatalyst was found to have very excellent activity for the transfer hydrogenation reactions of aromatic nitro and carbonyl compounds under mild conditions using isopropyl alcohol as hydrogen donor. Excellent chemoselectivity and regioselectivity for the nitro group reduction was demonstrated. C1 [Gawande, Manoj B.; Branco, Paula S.] Univ Nova Lisboa, REQUIMTE, Dept Quim, FCT, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. [Guo, Huizhang; Chen, Yuanzhi; Peng, Dong-Liang] Xiamen Univ, Coll Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Rathi, Anuj K.] Jubilant Chemsys Ltd, New Delhi 201301, India. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Gawande, MB (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, REQUIMTE, Dept Quim, FCT, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. EM mbgawande@yahoo.co.in; dlpeng@xmu.edu.cn RI Peng, DL/G-4096-2010; Caparica, cqfb_staff/H-2611-2013; REQUIMTE, AL/H-9106-2013; REQUIMTE, ORG/M-4578-2013; REQUIMTE, LAQV/N-9835-2013; Branco, Paula/I-6567-2012; OI Branco, Paula/0000-0002-7312-8596; Chen, Yuanzhi/0000-0001-9749-7313 FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011]; National Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of China [50825101]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [50971108, 51171158]; PRAXIS program [SFRH/BPD/64934/2009] FX This work has been supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia through grant no. PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011., the National Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 50825101), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 50971108 and 51171158). Manoj B. Gawande thank PRAXIS program for the award of research fellowship SFRH/BPD/64934/2009. NR 43 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 6 U2 134 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2013 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1050 EP 1054 DI 10.1039/c2ra22143h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 055BM UT WOS:000312390000012 ER PT J AU Grimmett, PE Munch, JW AF Grimmett, Paul E. Munch, Jean W. TI Development of EPA Method 525.3 for the analysis of semivolatiles in drinking water SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MULTIRESIDUE ANALYSIS; RIVER WATER; PESTICIDES; HERBICIDES; MICROEXTRACTION; PROTECTANTS AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW) collects nationwide occurrence data on contaminants in drinking water using the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulations (UCMRs). The unregulated contaminants, which are potential candidates for future regulation, may be selected from the Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List (CCL), or may be emerging contaminants, with the potential for inclusion on future CCLs. In October 2009, OGWDW published the third Drinking Water CCL (CCL 3). Not all of the chemicals on CCL 3 are included in existing analytical methods with sufficient sensitivity and specificity for UCMR monitoring. Some of the chemicals that require method development research fall into the category known as semi-volatile organic chemicals (SVOCs). Currently, EPA Method 525.2 is used to measure SVOCs for both drinking water compliance and UCMR monitoring. The method utilizes C-18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) for contaminant isolation and concentration, followed by full scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection. A group of 27 contaminants from CCL 3, a list of chemicals from EPA's National Homeland Security Research Center (NHSRC), as well as other emerging compounds of interest, were evaluated for inclusion into a new revision of the method, EPA Method 525.3. Method improvements include: (1) utilizing a polymeric-based SPE sorbent for greater retention across sample pH range, (2) enhanced method sensitivity using GC-MS with selected ion monitoring (SIM), (3) safer and more user-friendly sample preservatives, and (4) sample preparation techniques that help overcome matrix-induced chromatographic response enhancement. To be used for nationwide monitoring, the new method must be rugged across a range of drinking water sources, sensitive and highly specific to minimize false positives. It must also be cost effective and simple enough for commercial lab settings. Accuracy and precision data using full scan GC-MS mode are presented for 125 contaminants. Multi-laboratory data obtained in selected ion mode (SIM) are presented for a subset of priority analytes. Lowest Concentration Minimum Reporting Limits (LCMRLs) of priority analytes obtained from four separate laboratories ranged from 0.0006 to 0.28 mu g L-1, with an average LCMRL of 0.035 mu g L-1 and median LCMRL of 0.011 mu g L-1, under SIM conditions. C1 [Grimmett, Paul E.; Munch, Jean W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Grimmett, PE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM grimmett.paul@epa.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 42 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 151 EP 163 DI 10.1039/c2ay25880c PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA 049FO UT WOS:000311968000018 ER PT J AU Ungewitter, EK Yao, HHC AF Ungewitter, E. K. Yao, H. H-C. TI How to Make a Gonad: Cellular Mechanisms Governing Formation of the Testes and Ovaries SO SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Gonad; Morphogenesis; Ovary; Sex determination; Testis ID GROWTH-DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR-9; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX COMPONENTS; MULLERIAN-INHIBITING SUBSTANCE; TESTICULAR PERITUBULAR CELLS; MAMMALIAN SEX DETERMINATION; PRIMORDIAL GERM-CELLS; FETAL LEYDIG-CELLS; CORD FORMATION; MOUSE OVARY; SERTOLI-CELLS AB Sex determination of the gonad is an extraordinary process by which a single organ anlage is directed to form one of two different structures, a testis or an ovary. Morphogenesis of these two organs utilizes many common cellular events; differences in the timing and execution of these events must combine to generate sexually dimorphic structures. In this chapter, we review recent research on the cellular processes of gonad morphogenesis, focusing on data from mouse models. We highlight the shared cellular mechanisms in testis and ovary morphogenesis and examine the differences that enable formation of the two organs responsible for the perpetuation of all sexually reproducing species. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Ungewitter, E. K.; Yao, H. H-C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, Reprod Dev Biol Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Yao, HHC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, Reprod Dev Biol Grp, 111 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Drop C4-10, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM humphrey.yao@nih.gov RI Yao, Humphrey Hung-Chang/B-4795-2010 OI Yao, Humphrey Hung-Chang/0000-0003-2944-8469 FU NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES102695] FX We thank Sue Edelstein from the NIEHS graphics department for assistance with figures and all the members of the Yao lab for their comments. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES102695). NR 102 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 19 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-5425 J9 SEX DEV JI Sex. Dev. PY 2013 VL 7 IS 1-3 BP 7 EP 20 DI 10.1159/000338612 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 049UX UT WOS:000312010000002 PM 22614391 ER PT J AU Brass, DM Wheeler, JH Li, Z Spencer, JC Potts-Kant, E Gilmour, I Foster, M Hollingsworth, JW AF Brass, D. M. Wheeler, J. H. Li, Z. Spencer, J. C. Potts-Kant, E. Gilmour, I. Foster, M. Hollingsworth, J. W. TI Exposure To Diesel Particulates During Gestation Heritably Alters Dna Methylation And Innate Immune Responsiveness To Inhaled Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brass, D. M.; Wheeler, J. H.; Li, Z.; Spencer, J. C.; Potts-Kant, E.; Foster, M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Gilmour, I.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hollingsworth, J. W.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. EM david.brass@duke.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2013 VL 187 MA A5249 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V45TH UT WOS:000209838402057 ER PT J AU Duncan, KE Crooks, J Miller, DJ Burgoon, L Schmitt, MT Edwards, S Diaz-Sanchez, D Devlin, RB AF Duncan, K. E. Crooks, J. Miller, D. J. Burgoon, L. Schmitt, M. T. Edwards, S. Diaz-Sanchez, D. Devlin, R. B. TI Temporal Profile Of Gene Expression Alterations In Primary Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Following In Vivo Exposure To Ozone SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Duncan, K. E.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Crooks, J.; Burgoon, L.; Schmitt, M. T.; Edwards, S.; Diaz-Sanchez, D.; Devlin, R. B.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Miller, D. J.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM keduncan@email.unc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2013 VL 187 MA A5866 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V45TH UT WOS:000209838402625 ER PT J AU Johnson, DB Ward, WO Bass, VL Schladweiler, MCJ Andrews, D Kodavanti, UP AF Johnson, D. B. Ward, W. O. Bass, V. L. Schladweiler, M. C. J. Andrews, D. Kodavanti, U. P. TI Pulmonary Ozone Exposure Alters Essential Metabolic Pathways Involved In Hepatic Glucose Homeostasis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Johnson, D. B.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ward, W. O.; Bass, V. L.; Schladweiler, M. C. J.; Andrews, D.; Kodavanti, U. P.] US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM desiniajohnson@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2013 VL 187 MA A5090 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V45TH UT WOS:000209838401724 ER PT J AU Khatri, SB Hammel, J Van Laere, J Mukerjee, S Holstein, A Newman, C Rose, J Ross, K Totten, V Norris, G AF Khatri, S. B. Hammel, J. Van Laere, J. Mukerjee, S. Holstein, A. Newman, C. Rose, J. Ross, K. Totten, V. Norris, G. TI Role Of Air Quality And Mixing Height In Population-Adjusted Pediatric Emergency Department Visits For Asthma In Cleveland Ohio SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Khatri, S. B.; Hammel, J.] Cleveland Clin, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Van Laere, J.; Rose, J.; Ross, K.; Totten, V.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Cleveland, OH USA. [Mukerjee, S.; Norris, G.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Holstein, A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Newman, C.] MetroHlth Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. EM khatris@ccf.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2013 VL 187 MA A6011 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V45TH UT WOS:000209838403001 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Choi, JI AF Kim, C. S. Choi, J-I CA EOH TI Inhalation Exposure And Lung Dose Analysis For Multi-Mode Complex Ambient Aerosols SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kim, C. S.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Choi, J-I] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2013 VL 187 MA A5087 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V45TH UT WOS:000209838401721 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, UP Andrews, D Schladweiler, MC Cyphert, JM Dodd, DE Gavett, SH AF Kodavanti, U. P. Andrews, D. Schladweiler, M. C. Cyphert, J. M. Dodd, D. E. Gavett, S. H. TI Biomarkers Of Asbestos-Induced Lung Injury: The Influence Of Fiber Characteristics And Exposure Methodology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kodavanti, U. P.; Andrews, D.; Schladweiler, M. C.; Gavett, S. H.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cyphert, J. M.] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dodd, D. E.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2013 VL 187 MA A2452 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V45TO UT WOS:000209839101624 ER PT J AU Kummarapurugu, AB Fischer, BM Zheng, S Hollingsworth, JW Ghio, AJ Voynow, JA AF Kummarapurugu, A. B. Fischer, B. M. Zheng, S. Hollingsworth, J. W. Ghio, A. J. Voynow, J. A. TI Ozone-Stimulated Secretion Of Tnfa Is Inhibited By Cyclopentenone A2-Isoprostane In Alveolar Macrophages SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kummarapurugu, A. B.; Fischer, B. M.; Zheng, S.; Voynow, J. A.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Hollingsworth, J. W.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Ghio, A. J.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM apparao.kummarapurugu@duke.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2013 VL 187 MA A5089 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V45TH UT WOS:000209838401723 ER PT J AU Silbajoris, R Henriquez, AR Wages, P Samet, JM AF Silbajoris, R. Henriquez, A. R. Wages, P. Samet, J. M. TI Differential Roles Of Hydrogen Peroxide In Adaptive And Inflammatory Gene Expression Induced By Exposure Of Human Airway Epithelial Cells To Zn2+ SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Silbajoris, R.; Samet, J. M.] US EPA, NHEERL, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Henriquez, A. R.; Wages, P.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2013 VL 187 MA A5867 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V45TH UT WOS:000209838402626 ER PT J AU Tong, H Carter, JD Diaz-Sanchez, D AF Tong, H. Carter, J. D. Diaz-Sanchez, D. TI Effect Of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress And Age On The Signaling Pathway Of Ultrafine Particulate Matter Exposure In Murine Aorta SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tong, H.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2013 VL 187 MA A2453 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V45TO UT WOS:000209839101625 ER PT J AU Wages, P Silbajoris, R Henriquez, A Samet, JM AF Wages, P. Silbajoris, R. Henriquez, A. Samet, J. M. TI Exposure To Zn2+Induces Intracellular Redox Changes In Bronchial Epithelial Cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wages, P.; Henriquez, A.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Silbajoris, R.; Samet, J. M.] US EPA, EPHD, NHEERL, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2013 VL 187 MA A5091 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V45TH UT WOS:000209838401725 ER PT J AU Sutton, V AF Sutton, Victoria BE Abate, RS Kronk, EA TI Fiji: climate change, tradition and Vanua SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES: THE SEARCH FOR LEGAL REMEDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sutton, Victoria] Texas Tech Univ, Sch Law, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Sutton, Victoria] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Sutton, Victoria] US Off Sci & Technol Policy, Washington, DC USA. [Sutton, Victoria] Execut Off President, Mclean, VA USA. [Sutton, Victoria] Presidents Council Advisors Sci & Technol, Washington, DC USA. [Sutton, Victoria] Fed Coordinating Council Sci Engn & Technol, London, England. [Sutton, Victoria] US Dept Transportat, Res & Innovat Technol Adm, Washington, DC USA. [Sutton, Victoria] US Dept Transportat, Climate Change Council, Washington, DC USA. RP Sutton, V (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Sch Law, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-78100-179-0 PY 2013 BP 363 EP 376 D2 10.4337/9781781001806 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Ethnic Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Ethnic Studies GA BC2KE UT WOS:000351004300020 ER PT S AU Zeeman, SI Weinstein, P Fearnley, E Skelly, C Naumova, EN Jagai, JS Castronovo, D McEntee, J Koch, M Hamner, S Ford, T AF Zeeman, S. I. Weinstein, P. Fearnley, E. Skelly, C. Naumova, E. N. Jagai, J. S. Castronovo, D. McEntee, J. Koch, M. Hamner, S. Ford, T. BE Morain, SA Budge, AM TI Water, water quality and health SO ENVIRONMENTAL TRACKING FOR PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SE International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; HOSPITAL-BASED SURVEILLANCE; DRINKING-WATER; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; ROTAVIRUS STRAINS; NAEGLERIA-FOWLERI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION AB This chapter identifies the role environmental tracking plays in identifying public health water hazard and water quality issues. It outlines public health issues to be examined and provides an integrated overview of water and diseases by combining knowledge of the hydrologic cycle, which describes how water serves as a significant component of exposure pathways, with the tenants of public health surveillance. C1 [Zeeman, S. I.] Univ New England, Dept Marine Sci, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Weinstein, P.] Univ S Australia, Grad Res Ctr, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Fearnley, E.] South Australian Dept Hlth, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Skelly, C.] Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Naumova, E. N.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [McEntee, J.] Tufts Univ, Dept Urban & Environm Policy & Planning, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Jagai, J. S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Castronovo, D.] Mapping Sustainabil LLC, Palm City, FL 34990 USA. [Koch, M.] Boston Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Hamner, S.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Ford, T.] Univ New England, Coll Grad Studies, Portland, ME 04103 USA. RP Zeeman, SI (reprint author), Univ New England, Dept Marine Sci, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. EM szeeman@une.edu; philip.weinstein@unisa.edu.au; Emily.Fearnley@health.sa.gov.au; wchris.skelly@googlemail.com; elena.naumova@tufts.edu; jagai.jyotsna@epamail.epa.gov; denise@mappingsustainability.com; jesse.mcentee@gmail.com; mkoch@bu.edu; shiva_dancing@yahoo.com; tford@une.edu NR 193 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-3348 BN 978-0-203-09327-6; 978-0-415-58471-5 J9 ISPRS BOOK SER PY 2013 VL 11 BP 87 EP 127 PG 41 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Remote Sensing SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Remote Sensing GA BC2MZ UT WOS:000351090700005 ER PT B AU Kurtz, J Wipke, K Eudy, L Sprik, S Ramsden, T AF Kurtz, Jennifer Wipke, Keith Eudy, Leslie Sprik, Sam Ramsden, Todd BE Grasman, SE TI Fuel Cell Technology Demonstrations and Data Analysis SO HYDROGEN ENERGY AND VEHICLE SYSTEMS SE Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kurtz, Jennifer] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Hydrogen Technol Validat Team, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kurtz, Jennifer] UTC Power, South Windsor, CT USA. [Wipke, Keith] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Hydrogen Anal, Golden, CO USA. [Wipke, Keith] Hydrogen Anal Grp, Rokkasho, Aomori, Japan. [Eudy, Leslie] NREL, Golden, CO USA. [Sprik, Sam] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Hydrogen Technol Validat, Golden, CO USA. [Sprik, Sam] Chrysler, Stat Qual Control Mfg Proc, Detroit, MI USA. [Ramsden, Todd] US Dept Transportat, Washington, DC USA. [Ramsden, Todd] Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. [Ramsden, Todd] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Kurtz, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Hydrogen Technol Validat Team, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-2682-9; 978-1-4398-2681-2 J9 GREEN CHEM CHEM ENG PY 2013 BP 159 EP 181 PG 23 WC Energy & Fuels; Transportation Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Transportation GA BC6XJ UT WOS:000354563900009 ER PT J AU Stahl, C Cimorelli, A AF Stahl, Cynthia Cimorelli, Alan TI A demonstration of the necessity and feasibility of using a clumsy decision analytic approach on wicked environmental problems SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Because controversy, conflict, and lawsuits frequently characterize US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) decisions, it is important that USEPA decision makers understand how to evaluate and then make decisions that have simultaneously science-based, social, and political implications. Air quality management is one category of multidimensional decision making at USEPA. The Philadelphia, Pennsylvania metropolitan area experiences unhealthy levels of ozone, fine particulate matter, and air toxics. Many ozone precursors are precursors for particulate matter and certain air toxics. Additionally, some precursors for particulate matter are air toxics. However, air quality management practices have typically evaluated these problems separately. This approach has led to the development of independent (and potentially counterproductive) implementation strategies. This is a methods article about the necessity and feasibility of using a clumsy approach on wicked problems, using an example case study. Air quality management in Philadelphia is a wicked problem. Wicked problems are those where stakeholders define or view the problem differently, there are many different ways to describe the problem (i.e., different dimensions or levels of abstraction), no efficient or optimal solutions exist, and they are often complicated by moral, political, or professional dimensions. The USEPA has developed the multicriteria integrated resource assessment (MIRA) decision analytic approach that engages stakeholder participation through transparency, transdisciplinary learning, and the explicit use of value sets; in other words, a clumsy approach. MIRA's approach to handling technical indicators, expert judgment, and stakeholder values makes it a potentially effective method for tackling wicked environmental problems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013; 9: 1730. (c) 2012 SETAC RP Stahl, C (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 3 3EA10,1650 Arch St, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. EM stahl.cynthia@epa.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 9 IS 1 BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.1002/ieam.1356 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 062SE UT WOS:000312941300005 PM 22893308 ER PT J AU Thursby, GB Lewis, MA AF Thursby, Glen B. Lewis, Michael A. TI Protection goals for aquatic plants SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCY RP Thursby, GB (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Narragansett, RI USA. EM thursby.glen@epa.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 9 IS 1 BP 168 EP 169 DI 10.1002/ieam.1380 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 062SE UT WOS:000312941300021 PM 23281237 ER PT B AU Atlas, RM Bragg, JR AF Atlas, Ronald M. Bragg, James R. BE Wiens, JA TI Removal of oil from shorelines: biodegradation and bioremediation SO OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT: LEGACIES AND LESSONS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SPILL BIOREMEDIATION; BEACHES; ALASKA; HYDROCARBONS; PERSISTENCE; SEDIMENTS; RESIDUES C1 [Atlas, Ronald M.] Univ Louisville, Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Atlas, Ronald M.] Exxon, Irving, TX USA. [Atlas, Ronald M.] US EPA, Use Bioremediat Following Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, Washington, DC USA. [Bragg, James R.] Creat Petr Solut LLC, Houston, TX USA. RP Atlas, RM (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-61469-7; 978-1-107-02717-6 PY 2013 BP 176 EP 196 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139225335 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD5LS UT WOS:000361590300011 ER PT B AU Chapin, T Progess, C Todd, A AF Chapin, Thomas Progess, Christina Todd, Andrew BE Brown, A Figueroa, L Wolkersdorfer, C TI MiniSipper: A New, High-capacity, Long-duration, Automated In Situ Water Sampler for Acid Mine Drainage Monitoring SO RELIABLE MINE WATER TECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2013, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Mine Water Association Annual Conference on Reliable Mine Water Technology CY AUG 06-09, 2013 CL Golden, CO SP Int Mine Water Assoc, Colorado Sch Mines, Schlumberger Water Serv, ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI N AMER INC, BARRICK, Cripple Creek & Vector Gold Min Co, DHI, Golder Associates, NEWMONT, SIGMUND LINDNER, CH2MHILL, CMA COLORADO MIN ASSOC, FEFLOW DE high-resolution sampling; acid mine drainage; seasonal variations; in situ water sampler ID HIGH-RESOLUTION AB The US Geological Survey (USGS) has developed the MiniSipper, a low-cost, automated, in situ water sampler to provide high-resolution, year-round, sampling for acid mine drainage monitoring at remote sites. The MiniSipper typically collects 250 five mL acid preserved water samples and operates unattended for 8-12 months for over-winter and snowmelt runoff sampling. Year-round, high-resolution metal data from two different abandoned mines in CO, USA document opposite water quality responses to snowmelt runoff and demonstrate the advantages of MiniSipper technology in difficult sampling environments. C1 [Chapin, Thomas; Todd, Andrew] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Progess, Christina] US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Chapin, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tchapin@usgs.gov; Progess.Christina@epa.gov; atodd@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT MINE WATER ASSOC PI WENDELSTEIN PA C/O PROF DR CHRISTIAN WOLKERSDORFER, GINSTERWEG 4, WENDELSTEIN, 90530, GERMANY BN 978-0-615-79385-6 PY 2013 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BG9XM UT WOS:000394077700046 ER PT S AU Funke, O AF Funke, Odelia BE Peterson, SA Somit, A TI BIOPOLICY: CAN IT PROVIDE A NEW PARADIGM? SO WORLD OF BIOLOGY AND POLITICS: ORGANIZATION AND RESEARCH AREAS SE Research in Biopolitics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Biopolicy; biosphere; biotechnology; ethics; international relations; public health AB Purpose This chapter examines the need, and possibilities, for social science research that is grounded in the life sciences. Design/methodology/approach The chapter starts with the observation that the social sciences have been tied far too closely to models and concepts in the physical sciences, which has both limited and distorted research findings. The predominant models used in much of social science cannot meet the challenges we face. Examining issues in political science in particular, the author demonstrates the value of a biopolitical perspective for political science research and policy analysis relevant to the challenges we face. Findings - Studies about human issues should be based on research that considers humans as part of the evolving biological world. Key biopolicy research areas illustrate the value andflexibility of life science models and data. Political science can and should provide important insights to our understanding of socio-political issues and options, but to succeed the discipline must abandon mechanistic models of human nature and motivation and return to an understanding based in the life sciences. Practical implications - (if applicable) The discussion analyzes the overall strengths and weaknesses of the proposal to adopt a biopolicy approach, and concludes that obstacles, though real, can be overcome. There are opportunities for substantial contributions to social science. Social implications (if applicable) - Failure to integrate political science with a life sciences perspective will mean a continuation of disciplinary work that is largely irrelevant or inadequate to emerging issues and problems. Original/value of chapter - The value of this chapter is to highlight the need for a reexamination of the mechanistic models as well as the disciplinary boundaries that control most social science, and political science in particular. It examines widely recognized issues and challenges facing Western societies (and global communities) to illustrate that a life sciences perspective is essential to both analysis and policy options. It is an important consideration for academics (teachers and students) policy researchers, and policy makers as well. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Funke, O (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 2042-9940 BN 978-1-78190-729-0; 978-1-78190-728-3 J9 RES BIOPOLIT PY 2013 VL 11 BP 135 EP 160 DI 10.1108/S2042-9940(2013)0000011010 D2 10.1108/S2042-9940(2013)11 PG 26 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BD4MA UT WOS:000360910200007 ER PT B AU Ilyushchenko, MA Panichkin, VY Randall, P Kamberov, RI AF Ilyushchenko, Mikhail A. Panichkin, Vladimir Y. Randall, Paul Kamberov, Rustam I. BE WagnerDobler, I TI Mercury Pollution From a Former Chlor-alkali Factory in Pavlodar, Kazakhstan: Characterization, Treatment, and Post-demercurization Monitoring SO BIOREMEDIATION OF MERCURY: CURRENT RESARCH AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RIVER NURA; WATER; CONTAMINATION; FLOODPLAIN; VICINITY; PLANT AB In 1975, a mercury cell chlor-alkali facility in Pavlodar, Kazakhstan, began operations. This facility is located at the Pavlodar Chemical Plant (PCP) and began operations when mercury cell technology was at its peak in the former USSR. For a number of reasons, this plant had the highest rate of mercury use among similar designs (estimated at 1500 g of mercury per ton of caustic soda produced). After the collapse of the USSR in 1992, the facility was shut down. Despite a poor economy, scientists, PCP administrators, local environmental non-governmental organisations (NGOs), regional authorities, and local politicians of Kazakhstan persisted to reduce mercury contamination that was inherited from the former USSR military-industrial establishment. Due to financial support from the European Union (EU) and the United States (i.e. US Environmental Protection Agency) as well as contributions from Ukrainian scientists, field research was conducted. This research consisted of comprehensive monitoring of the atmosphere, soils, surface water and groundwater to determine the environmental risks posed by localized mercury 'hotspots' that occurred from mercury cell production losses of about 1310 tons of metallic mercury. The mercury clean-up project was distinguished by its unprecedented transparency. Good awareness of the problem, interest of all parties involved in the project and participation of highly qualified specialists and the use of simple and cost effective technologies allowed minimizing the principal risks (mainly for the Irtysh River and communities in the northern outskirts of Pavlodar) at a cost of approximately $16 million by the government of Kazakhstan. Past data and archive materials of the PCP and its production history included environmental monitoring results, risk assessment variants of the demercurization design, and remediation progress. Post-demercurization monitoring was also conducted after completion of clean-up activities to assess the efficiency of the remediation and residual risks and also to make suggestions on further improvement of the environmental situation. C1 [Ilyushchenko, Mikhail A.; Kamberov, Rustam I.] Almaty Univ Power Engn & Telecommun, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. [Panichkin, Vladimir Y.] Inst Hydrogeol & Geoecol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. [Randall, Paul] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Ilyushchenko, MA (reprint author), Almaty Univ Power Engn & Telecommun, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. EM mai4hg@gmail.com; v_panichkin@mail.kz; randall.paul@epa.gov; rustam.kamberov@gmail.com RI Randall, Paul/M-6232-2014 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-908230-13-3 PY 2013 BP 17 EP 65 PG 49 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BCX71 UT WOS:000311859300002 ER PT J AU Van Emon, JM Chuang, JC AF Van Emon, Jeanette M. Chuang, Jane C. TI Development and application of immunoaffinity chromatography for coplanar PCBs in soil and sediment SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Review DE Immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC); Coplanar PCBs; Soil; Sediment; Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; INDOOR AIR; SAMPLES; IMMUNOASSAY; DIBENZOFURANS; CONTAMINATION; BUILDINGS AB An immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) column was developed as a simple cleanup procedure for preparing environmental samples for analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Soil and sediment samples were prepared using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), followed by the IAC cleanup, with detection by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative recoveries (84-130%) of PCB-126 were obtained in fortified sediment and soil samples using the PLE/IAC/ELISA method. These results demonstrated that the IAC procedure effectively removed interferences from the soil and sediment matrices. The IAC column could be reused more than 20 times with no change in performance with 99.9% methanol/0.1% Triton X-100 as the elution solvent. Results of 17 soil and sediment samples prepared by PLE/IAC/ELISA correlated well with those obtained from a conventional multi-step cleanup with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry detection. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Van Emon, Jeanette M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Chuang, Jane C.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Van Emon, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM vanemon.jeanette@epa.gov; ccjane20@hotmail.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development under EPA [68-D-99-011, EP-D-04-068] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under EPA Contract 68-D-99-011 and EP-D-04-068. We thank Randy Jones and Margaret Tefft of Battelle who performed the sample preparation and analysis, and Fernando Rubio of Abraxis for the Affi-gel work. This article has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 59 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2013 VL 90 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.053 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 046KS UT WOS:000311764500001 PM 22906485 ER PT J AU Pawel, DJ AF Pawel, David J. TI US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY RADIOGENIC RISK PROJECTIONS: UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cancer; health effects; risk assessment; US Environmental Protection Agency ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; CANCER-RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH; BAYESIAN PERSPECTIVES; RADIATION; EXPOSURE; MODELS AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has updated its estimates of cancer risks due to low doses of ionizing radiation for the U. S. population, as well as their scientific basis. For the most part, these estimates were calculated using models recommended in the recent National Academy of Sciences' (BEIR VII) report on health effects from low levels of ionizing radiation. The new risk assessment includes uncertainty bounds associated with the projections for gender and cancer site-specific lifetime attributable risks. For most cancer sites, these uncertainty bounds were calculated using probability distributions for BEIR VII model parameter values, derived from a novel Bayesian analysis of cancer incidence data from the atomic bomb survivor lifespan study (LSS) cohort and subjective distributions for other relevant sources of uncertainty. This approach allowed for quantification of uncertainties associated with: 1) the effect of sampling variability on inferences drawn from the LSS cohort about the linear dose response and its dependence on temporal factors such as age-at-exposure, 2) differences in the radiogenic risks in the Japanese LSS cohort versus the U. S. population, 3) dosimetry errors, and 4) several other non-sampling sources. Some of the uncertainty associated with how risk depends on dose and dose rate was also quantified. For uniform whole-body exposures of low-dose gamma radiation to the entire population, EPA's cancer incidence risk coefficients and corresponding 90% uncertainty intervals (Gy(-1)) are 9.55 x 10(-2) (4.3 x 10(-2) to 1.8 x 10(-1)) for males and 1.35 x 10(-1) (6.5 x 10(-2) to 2.5 x 10(-1)) for females, where the numbers in parentheses represent an estimated 90% uncertainty interval. For many individual cancer sites, risk coefficients differ from corresponding uncertainty bounds by factors of about three to five, although uncertainties are larger for cancers of the stomach, prostate, liver, and uterus. Uncertainty intervals for many, but not all, cancer sites are similar to those given in BEIR VII, which were derived using a non-Bayesian approach. Health Phys. 104(1):26-40; 2013 C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Pawel, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, MC 6608J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM pawel.david@epa.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 104 IS 1 BP 26 EP 40 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e31826119ed PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 048FQ UT WOS:000311896100004 PM 23192084 ER PT J AU Clark, CM Flynn, DFB Butterfield, BJ Reich, PB AF Clark, Christopher M. Flynn, Dan F. B. Butterfield, Bradley J. Reich, Peter B. TI Testing the Link between Functional Diversity and Ecosystem Functioning in a Minnesota Grassland Experiment SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY ASSEMBLY RULES; PLANT DIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; UNIFIED APPROACH; TRAIT DIVERSITY; MULTIPLE TRAITS; BIODIVERSITY; INDEXES; PRODUCTIVITY; DISSIMILARITY AB The functional diversity of a community can influence ecosystem functioning and reflects assembly processes. The large number of disparate metrics used to quantify functional diversity reflects the range of attributes underlying this concept, generally summarized as functional richness, functional evenness, and functional divergence. However, in practice, we know very little about which attributes drive which ecosystem functions, due to a lack of field-based tests. Here we test the association between eight leading functional diversity metrics (Rao's Q, FD, FDis, FEve, FDiv, convex hull volume, and species and functional group richness) that emphasize different attributes of functional diversity, plus 11 extensions of these existing metrics that incorporate heterogeneous species abundances and trait variation. We assess the relationships among these metrics and compare their performances for predicting three key ecosystem functions (above-and belowground biomass and light capture) within a long-term grassland biodiversity experiment. Many metrics were highly correlated, although unique information was captured in FEve, FDiv, and dendrogram-based measures (FD) that were adjusted by abundance. FD adjusted by abundance outperformed all other metrics in predicting both above-and belowground biomass, although several others also performed well (e. g. Rao's Q, FDis, FDiv). More generally, trait-based richness metrics and hybrid metrics incorporating multiple diversity attributes outperformed evenness metrics and single-attribute metrics, results that were not changed when combinations of metrics were explored. For light capture, species richness alone was the best predictor, suggesting that traits for canopy architecture would be necessary to improve predictions. Our study provides a comprehensive test linking different attributes of functional diversity with ecosystem function for a grassland system. C1 [Clark, Christopher M.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Clark, Christopher M.] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA. [Flynn, Dan F. B.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY USA. [Butterfield, Bradley J.] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Butterfield, Bradley J.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Reich, Peter B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN USA. RP Clark, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM clark.christopher@epa.gov RI Flynn, Dan/A-4200-2008 OI Flynn, Dan/0000-0002-2978-5257 FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Institute for Climate Change Research; NSF FX The authors acknowledge funding from U.S. Department of Energy, National Institute for Climate Change Research; and the NSF, Long Term Ecological Research (LTER), Biocomplexity, and Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) programs. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 8 U2 116 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 31 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 12 AR e52821 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0052821 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 075GO UT WOS:000313872600027 PM 23300787 ER PT J AU Willison, SA AF Willison, Stuart A. TI Wipe selection for the analysis of surface materials containing chemical warfare agent nitrogen mustard degradation products by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Wipes; CWA degradation products; Nitrogen mustard; UPLC-MS/MS; HPLC-MS/MS ID HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS AB Degradation products arising from nitrogen mustard chemical warfare agent were deposited on common urban surfaces and determined via surface wiping, wipe extraction, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection. Wipes investigated included cotton gauze, glass fiber filter, non-woven polyester fiber and filter paper, and surfaces included several porous (vinyl tile, painted drywall, wood) and mostly non-porous (laminate, galvanized steel, glass) surfaces. Wipe extracts were analyzed by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and compared with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) results. An evaluation of both techniques suggests UPLC-MS/MS provides a quick and sensitive analysis of targeted degradation products in addition to being nearly four times faster than a single HPLC run, allowing for greater throughput during a wide-spread release concerning large-scale contamination and subsequent remediation events. Based on the overall performance of all tested wipes, filter paper wipes were selected over other wipes because they did not contain interferences or native species (TEA and DEA) associated with the target analytes, resulting in high percent recoveries and low background levels during sample analysis. Other wipes, including cotton gauze, would require a pre-cleaning step due to the presence of large quantities of native species or interferences of the targeted analytes. Percent recoveries obtained from a laminate surface were 47-99% for all nitrogen mustard degradation products. The resulting detection limits achieved from wipes were 0.2 ng/cm(2) for triethanolamine (TEA), 0.03 ng/cm(2) for N-ethyldiethanolamine (EDEA), 0.1 ng/cm(2) for N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and 0.1 ng/cm(2) for diethanolamine (DEA). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Willison, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Willison.stuart@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development under EPA IA [DW-75-922440001-0]; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) through its Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described herein under EPA IA # DW-75-922440001-0 with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) through its Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It has been reviewed by the Agency but does not necessarily reflect the Agency's views. No official endorsement should be inferred. EPA does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. We would like to acknowledge Matthew Magnuson and Heath Mash for their suggestions toward the development of this work, and Bob Streicher and Jack Pretty from NIOSH for their contributions. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 93 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 28 PY 2012 VL 1270 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.11.013 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 057OM UT WOS:000312572900008 PM 23218189 ER PT J AU Alapaty, K Herwehe, JA Otte, TL Nolte, CG Bullock, OR Mallard, MS Kain, JS Dudhia, J AF Alapaty, Kiran Herwehe, Jerold A. Otte, Tanya L. Nolte, Christopher G. Bullock, O. Russell Mallard, Megan S. Kain, John S. Dudhia, Jimy TI Introducing subgrid-scale cloud feedbacks to radiation for regional meteorological and climate modeling SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATION; PRECIPITATION; REANALYSIS; BUDGETS AB Convective systems and associated cloudiness directly influence regional and local atmospheric radiation budgets, as well as dynamics and thermodynamics, through feedbacks. However, most subgrid-scale convective parameterizations in regional weather and climate models do not consider cumulus cloud feedbacks to radiation, resulting in biases in several meteorological parameters. We have incorporated this key feedback process into a convective parameterization and a radiation scheme in the Weather Research and Forecasting model, and evaluated the impacts of including this process in short-term weather and multiyear climate simulations. Introducing subgrid-scale convective cloud-radiation feedbacks leads to a more realistic simulation of attenuation of downward surface shortwave radiation. Reduced surface shortwave radiation moderates the surface forcing for convection and results in a notable reduction in precipitation biases. Our research reveals a need for more in-depth consideration of the effects of subgrid-scale clouds in regional meteorology/climate and air quality models on radiation, photolysis, cloud mixing, and aerosol indirect effects. Citation: Alapaty, K., J. A. Herwehe, T. L. Otte, C. G. Nolte, O. R. Bullock, M. S. Mallard, J. S. Kain, and J. Dudhia (2012), Introducing subgrid-scale cloud feedbacks to radiation for regional meteorological and climate modeling, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L24808, doi:10.1029/2012GL054031. C1 [Alapaty, Kiran; Herwehe, Jerold A.; Otte, Tanya L.; Nolte, Christopher G.; Bullock, O. Russell; Mallard, Megan S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kain, John S.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Dudhia, Jimy] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Alapaty, K (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM alapaty.kiran@epa.gov RI Dudhia, Jimy/B-1287-2008; Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012; OI Dudhia, Jimy/0000-0002-2394-6232; Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965; Mallard, Megan/0000-0001-6548-8914; Spero, Tanya/0000-0002-1600-0422 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The GOES-13 satellite image in Figure 1 was obtained from the archive maintained by NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service. The SURFRAD data were made available through NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory Global Monitoring Division. Technical feedback on this manuscript was provided by Robin Dennis, Prakash Bhave, and Rohit Mathur (U.S. EPA). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L24808 DI 10.1029/2012GL054031 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 061UP UT WOS:000312874200003 ER PT J AU Leet, JK Lee, LS Gall, HE Goforth, RR Sassman, S Gordon, DA Lazorchak, JM Smith, ME Javfert, CT Sepulveda, MS AF Leet, Jessica K. Lee, Linda S. Gall, Heather E. Goforth, Reuben R. Sassman, Stephen Gordon, Denise A. Lazorchak, James M. Smith, Mark E. Javfert, Chad T. Sepulveda, Maria S. TI Assessing Impacts of Land-Applied Manure from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations on Fish Populations and Communities SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHUB SEMOTILUS-ATROMACULATUS; MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; CATTLE FEEDLOT EFFLUENT; FATHEAD MINNOW; RAINBOW-TROUT; DIFFERENTIATION; NEBRASKA; STREAMS; WATER; USA AB Concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) manure is a cost-effective fertilizer. In the Midwest, networks of subsurface tile-drains expedite transport of animal hormones and nutrients from land-applied CAFO manure to adjacent waterways. The objective of this study was to evaluate impacts of land-applied CAFO manure on fish populations and communities. Water chemistry including hormone, pesticide, and nutrient concentrations was characterized from study sites along with fish assemblage structure, growth, and endocrine disruption assessed in selected fish species. Although most CAFO water samples had hormone concentrations <1 ng/L, equivalent concentrations for :17 beta-E2 and 17 alpha-TB peaked at >30 ng/L each during the period of spawning, hatching, and development for resident fishes. CAFO sites had lower fish species richness, and fishes exhibited faster somatic growth and lower reproductive condition compared to individuals from the reference site. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to CAFO ditchwater during early developmental stages exhibited significantly skewed sex ratios toward males. Maximum observed hormone concentrations were well above the lowest observable effect concentrations for these hormones; however, complexities at the field scale make it difficult to directly relate hormone concentration and impacts on fish. Complicating factors include the consistent presence of pesticides and nutrients, and the difference in temperature and stream architecture of the CAFO-impacted ditches compared to the reference site (e.g., channelization, bottom substrate, shallow pools, and riparian cover). C1 [Leet, Jessica K.; Goforth, Reuben R.; Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lee, Linda S.; Sassman, Stephen] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gall, Heather E.; Javfert, Chad T.; Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gordon, Denise A.; Lazorchak, James M.; Smith, Mark E.] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mssepulv@purdue.edu RI Jafvert, Chad/D-9551-2013; Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014; Goforth, Reuben/B-1646-2010 OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571; Goforth, Reuben/0000-0001-6891-3146 FU USEPA STAR program [RD833417] FX Funding was provided by the USEPA STAR program (RD833417). We thank Ryan Gott and Aaron McAlexander for their help in various aspects of these studies, Jarrod Doucette for his help with the maps of study sites, and Jennifer Meyer for her help with experiments and manuscript edits. This work may not necessarily reflect USEPA policy nor should mention of commercial products be considered endorsement. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 98 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 18 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 24 BP 13440 EP 13447 DI 10.1021/es302599t PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 055QT UT WOS:000312432200052 PM 23171355 ER PT J AU Hakk, H Szabo, DT Huwe, J Diliberto, J Birnbaum, LS AF Hakk, Heldur Szabo, David T. Huwe, Janice Diliberto, Janet Birnbaum, Linda S. TI Novel and Distinct Metabolites Identified Following a Single Oral Dose of alpha- or gamma-Hexabromocyclododecane in Mice SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; HYDROXYLATED METABOLITES; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; REPEATED EXPOSURE; DIPHENYL ETHERS; RAINBOW-TROUT; FOOD-WEB; HBCD; RAT; TOXICOKINETICS AB The metabolism of alpha- and gamma-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) was investigated in adult C57BL/6 female mice. alpha- or gamma-[C-14]HBCD (3 mg/kg bw) was orally administered with subsequent urine and feces collection for 4 consecutive days; a separate group of mice was dosed and sacrificed 3 h postexposure to investigate tissue metabolite levels. Extractable and nonextractable HBCD metabolites were quantitated in liver, blood, fat, brain, bile, urine, and feces and characterized by LC/MS (ESI-). Metabolites identified were distinct between the two stereoisomers. In mice exposed to alpha-HBCD, four hydroxylated metabolites were detected in fecal extracts, and one of these metabolite isomers was consistently characterized in liver, brain, and adipose tissue extracts. In contrast, fecal extracts from mice exposed to gamma-HBCD contained multiple isomers of monohydroxy-pentabromocyclododecene, dihydroxy-pentabromocyclododecene, and dihydroxy-pentabromocyclododecadiene, while in liver and adipose tissues extracts only a single monohydroxy-pentabromocyclododecane metabolite was observed. Both stereoisomers were transformed to metabolites which formed covalent bonds to proteins and/or lipids in the gut as suggested by high fecal nonextractables. The presence of tissue- and excreta-specific metabolic products after in vivo exposure to the two main HBCD stereoisomers supports previous toxicokinetic studies indicating that these two stereoisomers are biologically distinct. The distinct metabolic products identified in this study have the potential to aid in the identification of stereoisomer-specific HBCD exposures in future biomonitoring studies. C1 [Hakk, Heldur; Szabo, David T.; Huwe, Janice] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Hakk, Heldur; Szabo, David T.; Huwe, Janice] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Diliberto, Janet] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] NCI, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] NIEHS, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hakk, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM heldur.hakk@ars.usda.gov FU University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill; Environmental Protection Agency [CR 833237] FX We thank Colleen Pfaff, Jason Holthusen, Sara Lupton, and Barbara Magelky for technical assistance. This work is funded in part by a cooperative agreement between the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill and the Environmental Protection Agency CR 833237 predoctoral training grants. This manuscript does not reflect USEPA, NIH, or USDA policy. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture, the Agricultural Research Service, or the Food Safety and Inspection Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 40 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 78 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 18 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 24 BP 13494 EP 13503 DI 10.1021/es303209g PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 055QT UT WOS:000312432200059 PM 23171393 ER PT J AU Pleil, JD Williams, MA Sobus, JR AF Pleil, Joachim D. Williams, Marc A. Sobus, Jon R. TI Chemical Safety for Sustainability (CSS): Human in vivo biomonitoring data for complementing results from in vitro toxicology-A commentary SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Exposure science; Toxicological risk; Computational toxicology; Biomonitoring; Systems biology; High-throughput screening ID ADVERSE OUTCOME PATHWAYS; TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER; AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; LIQUID-LIQUID-EXTRACTION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; HUMAN BLOOD; JET FUEL; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has instituted the Chemical Safety for Sustainability (CSS) research program for assessing the health and environmental impact of manufactured chemicals. This is a broad program wherein one of the tasks is to develop high throughput screening (HTS) methods and follow-up confirmation for toxicity at realistic environmental exposure levels. The main tools under this task are in vitro toxicity testing, in silico molecular modeling, and in vivo (systemic) measurements documentation. The in vivo research component is intended to support and corroborate in vitro chemical toxicity prioritization with observations of systemic perturbations and statistical parameters derived from intact (living) organisms. Based on EPA's Biomonitoring Framework for human health research, such observations are intended to link environmental exposures to a cascade of biomarker chemicals to help identify and clarify adverse outcome pathways within the context of systems biology. This commentary discusses the issues regarding interpretation of in vitro changes from HTS as an adverse result, an adaptive (non-adverse) response, or a random/irrelevant occurrence. A second goal is to inform in vitro strategies as to relevant dosing (potency) levels at the cellular level that reflect realistic systemic exposures. Although we recognize the high value of in vivo animal toxicity testing, herein we focus on observational (minimally invasive) human biomonitoring methods and propose complementary in vivo testing that could help guide the design of high-throughput analyses and the ultimate interpretation of their outcomes. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Pleil, Joachim D.; Sobus, Jon R.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Williams, Marc A.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pleil, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pleil.joachim@epa.gov OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 FU US EPA; United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX All funding is provided by the US EPA as part of my normal research employment.; The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. This research has been subjected to (EPA) Agency review and approved for publication. NR 95 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2012 VL 215 IS 3 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.10.011 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 047KR UT WOS:000311839900007 PM 23116968 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Wade, TG Riitters, KH AF Wickham, James D. Wade, Timothy G. Riitters, Kurt H. TI Comparison of cropland and forest surface temperatures across the conterminous United States SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Albedo; Climate change; DTR; Land cover; MODIS; NLCD ID LAND-COVER CHANGE; SCALE DEFORESTATION; TEMPORAL-CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON-CYCLE; IMPACT; FRAGMENTATION; ALBEDO; FEEDBACKS; LANDSCAPE AB Global climate models (GCM) investigating the effects of land cover on climate have found that replacing extra-tropical forest with cropland promotes cooling. We compared cropland and forest surface temperatures across the continental United States in 16 cells that were approximately 1 degrees x 2 degrees using 1 km(2) MODIS land surface temperature (LST) data and land cover from the 0.0009 km(2) National Land Cover Database (NLCD). We found that forest surface temperatures tended to be cooler than cropland surface temperatures. This relationship held for spring, summer, fall, and annually. In winter, cropland surface temperatures were cooler than forest surface temperatures except in the southeastern United States, where forest surface temperatures were also cooler in winter. The difference between cropland and forest surface temperatures was driven by daytime maxima, which tended to be twice as large as differences in nighttime minima. The dominance of daytime maxima was influenced by the degree of continentality. For cells on coastal margins or with a high proportion of inland lakes, differences between cropland and forest nighttime minima tended to be very small. In more continental locations croplands were noticeably cooler at night which often led to insignificant differences between cropland and forest average surface temperatures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wickham, James D.; Wade, Timothy G.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Riitters, Kurt H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov NR 47 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 166 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.07.002 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 070AV UT WOS:000313479100015 ER PT J AU Liu, S Ahlm, L Day, DA Russell, LM Zhao, YL Gentner, DR Weber, RJ Goldstein, AH Jaoui, M Offenberg, JH Kleindienst, TE Rubitschun, C Surratt, JD Sheesley, RJ Scheller, S AF Liu, Shang Ahlm, Lars Day, Douglas A. Russell, Lynn M. Zhao, Yunliang Gentner, Drew R. Weber, Robin J. Goldstein, Allen H. Jaoui, Mohammed Offenberg, John H. Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Rubitschun, Caitlin Surratt, Jason D. Sheesley, Rebecca J. Scheller, Scott TI Secondary organic aerosol formation from fossil fuel sources contribute majority of summertime organic mass at Bakersfield SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; RADICAL-INITIATED REACTIONS; X-RAY MICROSCOPY; NEW-YORK-CITY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES AB Secondary organic aerosols (SOA), known to form in the atmosphere from oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by anthropogenic and biogenic sources, are a poorly understood but substantial component of atmospheric particles. In this study, we examined the chemical and physical properties of SOA at Bakersfield, California, a site influenced by anthropogenic and terrestrial biogenic emissions. Factor analysis was applied to the infrared and mass spectra of fine particles to identify sources and atmospheric processing that contributed to the organic mass (OM). We found that OM accounted for 56% of submicron particle mass, with SOA components contributing 80% to 90% of OM from 15 May to 29 June 2010. SOA formed from alkane and aromatic compounds, the two major classes of vehicle-emitted hydrocarbons, accounted for 65% OM(72% SOA). The alkane and aromatic SOA components were associated with 200 nm to 500 nm accumulation mode particles, likely from condensation of daytime photochemical products of VOCs. In contrast, biogenic SOA likely formed from condensation of secondary organic vapors, produced from NO3 radical oxidation reactions during nighttime hours, on 400 nm to 700 nm sized primary particles, and accounted for less than 10% OM. Local petroleum operation emissions contributed 13% to the OM, and the moderate O/C (0.2) of this factor suggested it was largely of secondary origin. Approximately 10% of organic aerosols in submicron particles were identified as either vegetative detritus (10%) or cooking activities (7%), from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic and aerosol mass spectrometry measurements, respectively. While the mass spectra of several linearly independent SOA components were nearly identical and external source markers were needed to separate them, each component had distinct infrared spectrum, likely associated with the source-specific VOCs from which they formed. Citation: Liu, S., et al. (2012), Secondary organic aerosol formation from fossil fuel sources contribute majority of summertime organic mass at Bakersfield, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D00V26, doi: 10.1029/2012JD018170. C1 [Liu, Shang; Ahlm, Lars; Day, Douglas A.; Russell, Lynn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Zhao, Yunliang; Weber, Robin J.; Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gentner, Drew R.; Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jaoui, Mohammed] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Offenberg, John H.; Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rubitschun, Caitlin; Surratt, Jason D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Sheesley, Rebecca J.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Scheller, Scott] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Russell, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM lmrussel@ucsd.edu RI Liu, Shang/F-9085-2011; Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; Sheesley, Rebecca/I-6655-2015; OI Liu, Shang/0000-0002-3403-8651; Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Sheesley, Rebecca/0000-0002-8187-0571 FU California Air Resources Board (CARB) [09-328]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-10-070] FX The authors appreciate California Air Resources Board (CARB) for funding this work (contract 09-328). We thank the CalNex-SJV research team for the cooperation and contribution to this paper. Particularly, we acknowledge Ron Cohen at University of California, Berkeley, and his group members Sally Pusede and Ellie Browne for providing the NOx measurements and William Brune at Pennsylvania State University for providing OH measurements. The authors are also grateful to John Karlik and the Kern County University of California Cooperative Extension staff for their generous help during the measurements. The statements and conclusions in this paper are those of the researchers (contractor) and not necessarily those of CARB. The mention of commercial products, their source, or their use in connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as actual or implied endorsement of such products. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract EP-D-10-070 to Alion Science and Technology. The manuscript is subjected to external peer review and has been cleared for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 123 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 121 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00V26 DI 10.1029/2012JD018170 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055IQ UT WOS:000312409500002 ER PT J AU Lim, SS Vos, T Flaxman, AD Danaei, G Shibuya, K Adair-Rohani, H Amann, M Anderson, HR Andrews, KG Aryee, M Atkinson, C Bacchus, LJ Bahalim, AN Balakrishnan, K Balmes, J Barker-Collo, S Baxter, A Bell, ML Blore, JD Blyth, F Bonner, C Borges, G Bourne, R Boussinesq, M Brauer, M Brooks, P Bruce, NG Brunekreef, B Bryan-Hancock, C Bucello, C Buchbinder, R Bull, F Burnett, RT Byers, TE Calabria, B Carapetis, J Carnahan, E Chafe, Z Charlson, F Chen, HL Chen, JS Cheng, ATA Child, JC Cohen, A Colson, KE Cowie, BC Darby, S Darling, S Davis, A Degenhardt, L Dentener, F Des Jarlais, DC Devries, K Dherani, M Ding, EL Dorsey, ER Driscoll, T Edmond, K Ali, SE Engell, RE Erwin, PJ Fahimi, S Falder, G Farzadfar, F Ferrari, A Finucane, MM Flaxman, S Fowkes, FGR Freedman, G Freeman, MK Gakidou, E Ghosh, S Giovannucci, E Gmel, G Graham, K Grainger, R Grant, B Gunnell, D Gutierrez, HR Hall, W Hoek, HW Hogan, A Hosgood, HD Hoy, D Hu, H Hubbell, BJ Hutchings, SJ Ibeanusi, SE Jacklyn, GL Jasrasaria, R Jonas, JB Kan, HD Kanis, JA Kassebaum, N Kawakami, N Khang, YH Khatibzadeh, S Khoo, JP Kok, C Laden, F Lalloo, R Lan, Q Lathlean, T Leasher, JL Leigh, J Li, Y Lin, JK Lipshultz, SE London, S Lozano, R Lu, Y Mak, J Malekzadeh, R Mallinger, L Marcenes, W March, L Marks, R Martin, R McGale, P McGrath, J Mehta, S Mensah, GA Merriman, TR Micha, R Michaud, C Mishra, V Hanafiah, KM Mokdad, AA Morawska, L Mozaffarian, D Murphy, T Naghavi, M Neal, B Nelson, PK Nolla, JM Norman, R Olives, C Omer, SB Orchard, J Osborne, R Ostro, B Page, A Pandey, KD Parry, CDH Passmore, E Patra, J Pearce, N Pelizzari, PM Petzold, M Phillips, MR Pope, D Pope, CA Powles, J Rao, M Razavi, H Rehfuess, EA Rehm, JT Ritz, B Rivara, FP Roberts, T Robinson, C Rodriguez-Portales, JA Romieu, I Room, R Rosenfeld, LC Roy, A Rushton, L Salomon, JA Sampson, U Sanchez-Riera, L Sanman, E Sapkota, A Seedat, S Shi, PL Shield, K Shivakoti, R Singh, GM Sleet, DA Smith, E Smith, KR Stapelberg, NJC Steenland, K Stockl, H Stovner, LJ Straif, K Straney, L Thurston, GD Tran, JH Van Dingenen, R van Donkelaar, A Veerman, JL Vijayakumar, L Weintraub, R Weissman, MM White, RA Whiteford, H Wiersma, ST Wilkinson, JD Williams, HC Williams, W Wilson, N Woolf, AD Yip, P Zielinski, JM Lopez, AD Murray, CJL Ezzati, M AF Lim, Stephen S. Vos, Theo Flaxman, Abraham D. Danaei, Goodarz Shibuya, Kenji Adair-Rohani, Heather Amann, Markus Anderson, H. Ross Andrews, Kathryn G. Aryee, Martin Atkinson, Charles Bacchus, Loraine J. Bahalim, Adil N. Balakrishnan, Kalpana Balmes, John Barker-Collo, Suzanne Baxter, Amanda Bell, Michelle L. Blore, Jed D. Blyth, Fiona Bonner, Carissa Borges, Guilherme Bourne, Rupert Boussinesq, Michel Brauer, Michael Brooks, Peter Bruce, Nigel G. Brunekreef, Bert Bryan-Hancock, Claire Bucello, Chiara Buchbinder, Rachelle Bull, Fiona Burnett, Richard T. Byers, Tim E. Calabria, Bianca Carapetis, Jonathan Carnahan, Emily Chafe, Zoe Charlson, Fiona Chen, Honglei Chen, Jian Shen Cheng, Andrew Tai-Ann Child, Jennifer Christine Cohen, Aaron Colson, K. Ellicott Cowie, Benjamin C. Darby, Sarah Darling, Susan Davis, Adrian Degenhardt, Louisa Dentener, Frank Des Jarlais, Don C. Devries, Karen Dherani, Mukesh Ding, Eric L. Dorsey, E. Ray Driscoll, Tim Edmond, Karen Ali, Suad Eltahir Engell, Rebecca E. Erwin, Patricia J. Fahimi, Saman Falder, Gail Farzadfar, Farshad Ferrari, Alize Finucane, Mariel M. Flaxman, Seth Fowkes, Francis Gerry R. Freedman, Greg Freeman, Michael K. Gakidou, Emmanuela Ghosh, Santu Giovannucci, Edward Gmel, Gerhard Graham, Kathryn Grainger, Rebecca Grant, Bridget Gunnell, David Gutierrez, Hialy R. Hall, Wayne Hoek, Hans W. Hogan, Anthony Hosgood, H. Dean, III Hoy, Damian Hu, Howard Hubbell, Bryan J. Hutchings, Sally J. Ibeanusi, Sydney E. Jacklyn, Gemma L. Jasrasaria, Rashmi Jonas, Jost B. Kan, Haidong Kanis, John A. Kassebaum, Nicholas Kawakami, Norito Khang, Young-Ho Khatibzadeh, Shahab Khoo, Jon-Paul Kok, Cindy Laden, Francine Lalloo, Ratilal Lan, Qing Lathlean, Tim Leasher, Janet L. Leigh, James Li, Yang Lin, John Kent Lipshultz, Steven E. London, Stephanie Lozano, Rafael Lu, Yuan Mak, Joelle Malekzadeh, Reza Mallinger, Leslie Marcenes, Wagner March, Lyn Marks, Robin Martin, Randall McGale, Paul McGrath, John Mehta, Sumi Mensah, George A. Merriman, Tony R. Micha, Renata Michaud, Catherine Mishra, Vinod Hanafiah, Khayriyyah Mohd Mokdad, Ali A. Morawska, Lidia Mozaffarian, Dariush Murphy, Tasha Naghavi, Mohsen Neal, Bruce Nelson, Paul K. Miquel Nolla, Joan Norman, Rosana Olives, Casey Omer, Saad B. Orchard, Jessica Osborne, Richard Ostro, Bart Page, Andrew Pandey, Kiran D. Parry, Charles D. H. Passmore, Erin Patra, Jayadeep Pearce, Neil Pelizzari, Pamela M. Petzold, Max Phillips, Michael R. Pope, Dan Pope, C. Arden, III Powles, John Rao, Mayuree Razavi, Homie Rehfuess, Eva A. Rehm, Juergen T. Ritz, Beate Rivara, Frederick P. Roberts, Thomas Robinson, Carolyn Rodriguez-Portales, Jose A. Romieu, Isabelle Room, Robin Rosenfeld, Lisa C. Roy, Ananya Rushton, Lesley Salomon, Joshua A. Sampson, Uchechukwu Sanchez-Riera, Lidia Sanman, Ella Sapkota, Amir Seedat, Soraya Shi, Peilin Shield, Kevin Shivakoti, Rupak Singh, Gitanjali M. Sleet, David A. Smith, Emma Smith, Kirk R. Stapelberg, Nicolas J. C. Steenland, Kyle Stoeckl, Heidi Stovner, Lars Jacob Straif, Kurt Straney, Lahn Thurston, George D. Tran, Jimmy H. Van Dingenen, Rita van Donkelaar, Aaron Veerman, J. Lennert Vijayakumar, Lakshmi Weintraub, Robert Weissman, Myrna M. White, Richard A. Whiteford, Harvey Wiersma, Steven T. Wilkinson, James D. Williams, Hywel C. Williams, Warwick Wilson, Nicholas Woolf, Anthony D. Yip, Paul Zielinski, Jan M. Lopez, Alan D. Murray, Christopher J. L. Ezzati, Majid TI A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; LUNG-CANCER RISK; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; ASIA-PACIFIC REGION; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; BODY-MASS INDEX; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; AIR-POLLUTION AB Background Quantification of the disease burden caused by different risks informs prevention by providing an account of health loss different to that provided by a disease-by-disease analysis. No complete revision of global disease burden caused by risk factors has been done since a comparative risk assessment in 2000, and no previous analysis has assessed changes in burden attributable to risk factors over time. Methods We estimated deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs; sum of years lived with disability [YLD] and years of life lost [YLL]) attributable to the independent effects of 67 risk factors and clusters of risk factors for 21 regions in 1990 and 2010. We estimated exposure distributions for each year, region, sex, and age group, and relative risks per unit of exposure by systematically reviewing and synthesising published and unpublished data. We used these estimates, together with estimates of cause-specific deaths and DALYs from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010, to calculate the burden attributable to each risk factor exposure compared with the theoretical-minimum-risk exposure. We incorporated uncertainty in disease burden, relative risks, and exposures into our estimates of attributable burden. Findings In 2010, the three leading risk factors for global disease burden were high blood pressure (7.0% [95% uncertainty interval 6.2-7.7] of global DALYs), tobacco smoking including second-hand smoke (6.3% [5.5-7.0]), and alcohol use (5.5% [5.0-5.9]). In 1990, the leading risks were childhood underweight (7.9% [6.8-9.4]), household air pollution from solid fuels (HAP; 7.0% [5.6-8.3]), and tobacco smoking including second-hand smoke (6.1% [5.4-6.8]). Dietary risk factors and physical inactivity collectively accounted for 10.0% (95% UI 9.2-10.8) of global DALYs in 2010, with the most prominent dietary risks being diets low in fruits and those high in sodium. Several risks that primarily affect childhood communicable diseases, including unimproved water and sanitation and childhood micronutrient deficiencies, fell in rank between 1990 and 2010, with unimproved water and sanitation accounting for 0.9% (0.4-1.6) of global DALYs in 2010. However, in most of sub-Saharan Africa childhood underweight, HAP, and non-exclusive and discontinued breastfeeding were the leading risks in 2010, while HAP was the leading risk in south Asia. The leading risk factor in Eastern Europe, most of Latin America, and southern sub-Saharan Africa in 2010 was alcohol use; in most of Asia, North Africa and Middle East, and central Europe it was high blood pressure. Despite declines, tobacco smoking including second-hand smoke remained the leading risk in high-income north America and western Europe. High body-mass index has increased globally and it is the leading risk in Australasia and southern Latin America, and also ranks high in other high-income regions, North Africa and Middle East, and Oceania. Interpretation Worldwide, the contribution of different risk factors to disease burden has changed substantially, with a shift away from risks for communicable diseases in children towards those for non-communicable diseases in adults. These changes are related to the ageing population, decreased mortality among children younger than 5 years, changes in cause-of-death composition, and changes in risk factor exposures. New evidence has led to changes in the magnitude of key risks including unimproved water and sanitation, vitamin A and zinc deficiencies, and ambient particulate matter pollution. The extent to which the epidemiological shift has occurred and what the leading risks currently are varies greatly across regions. In much of sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risks are still those associated with poverty and those that affect children. C1 [Lim, Stephen S.; Flaxman, Abraham D.; Andrews, Kathryn G.; Atkinson, Charles; Carnahan, Emily; Colson, K. Ellicott; Engell, Rebecca E.; Freedman, Greg; Freeman, Michael K.; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Jasrasaria, Rashmi; Lozano, Rafael; Mallinger, Leslie; Mokdad, Ali A.; Murphy, Tasha; Naghavi, Mohsen; Roberts, Thomas; Rosenfeld, Lisa C.; Sanman, Ella; Straney, Lahn; Murray, Christopher J. L.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. [Kassebaum, Nicholas] Univ Washington, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. [Baxter, Amanda; Ferrari, Alize; Khoo, Jon-Paul; Whiteford, Harvey] Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Vos, Theo; Blore, Jed D.; Charlson, Fiona; Norman, Rosana; Page, Andrew; Lopez, Alan D.] Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [McGrath, John] Univ Queensland, Inst Brain, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Finucane, Mariel M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Khatibzadeh, Shahab] Harvard Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Danaei, Goodarz; Ding, Eric L.; Giovannucci, Edward; Laden, Francine; Lin, John Kent; Micha, Renata; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Rao, Mayuree; Salomon, Joshua A.; Singh, Gitanjali M.; White, Richard A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mozaffarian, Dariush] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Shibuya, Kenji] Univ Tokyo, Dept Global Hlth Policy, Tokyo, Japan. [Balmes, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Amann, Markus] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Anderson, H. Ross] Univ London, London, England. [Hanafiah, Khayriyyah Mohd] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Aryee, Martin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Bacchus, Loraine J.; Child, Jennifer Christine; Devries, Karen; Edmond, Karen; Falder, Gail; Mak, Joelle; Pearce, Neil; Stoeckl, Heidi] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. [Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Ghosh, Santu] Sri Ramachandra Univ, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. [Barker-Collo, Suzanne] Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Bell, Michelle L.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Leigh, James] Univ Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Smith, Emma] Univ Sydney, No Clin Sch, Dept Rheumatol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Chen, Jian Shen; March, Lyn; Sanchez-Riera, Lidia; Wilson, Nicholas] Univ Sydney, Inst Bone & Joint Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Borges, Guilherme] Natl Inst Psychiat, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Borges, Guilherme] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Bourne, Rupert] Anglia Ruskin Univ, Vis & Eye Res Unit, Cambridge, England. [Brauer, Michael] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Weintraub, Robert] Univ Melbourne, Dept Pediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Degenhardt, Louisa] Univ Melbourne, Ctr Hlth Policy Programs & Econ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Room, Robin] Univ Melbourne, Sch Populat Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Bruce, Nigel G.; Dherani, Mukesh; Pope, Dan] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Brunekreef, Bert] Univ Utrecht, Insititute Risk Assessment Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Bryan-Hancock, Claire; Lathlean, Tim] Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Calabria, Bianca; Degenhardt, Louisa; Nelson, Paul K.] Univ New S Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Buchbinder, Rachelle] Cabrini Inst, Malvern, Vic, Australia. [Buchbinder, Rachelle; Hoy, Damian] Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Carapetis, Jonathan] Univ Western Australia, Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, Ctr Child Hlth Res, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Burnett, Richard T.; Zielinski, Jan M.] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Byers, Tim E.] Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Aurora, CO USA. [Chen, Honglei; London, Stephanie] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Cheng, Andrew Tai-Ann] Acad Sinica, Inst Biomed Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. [Cohen, Aaron] Hlth Effects Inst, Boston, MA USA. [Cowie, Benjamin C.] Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [McGale, Paul] Univ Oxford, Clin Trial Serv Unit, Oxford, England. [Davis, Adrian] MRC Hearing & Commun Grp, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Dentener, Frank; Van Dingenen, Rita] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. [Des Jarlais, Don C.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Ali, Suad Eltahir] Fed Minist Hlth, Khartoum, Sudan. [Erwin, Patricia J.] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. [Powles, John] Univ Cambridge, Inst Publ Hlth, Cambridge, England. [Fahimi, Saman] Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England. [Malekzadeh, Reza] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran. [Flaxman, Seth] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Fowkes, Francis Gerry R.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Gmel, Gerhard] Addict Info Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Graham, Kathryn; Rehm, Juergen T.; Shield, Kevin] Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Grainger, Rebecca; Merriman, Tony R.] Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Lan, Qing] NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gunnell, David] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Weissman, Myrna M.] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY USA. [Gutierrez, Hialy R.; Weissman, Myrna M.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Hoek, Hans W.] Parnassia Psychiat Inst, The Hague, Netherlands. [Hogan, Anthony] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Hosgood, H. Dean, III] Yeshiva Univ, Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY 10033 USA. [Hu, Howard] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Hubbell, Bryan J.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hutchings, Sally J.; Rushton, Lesley; Ezzati, Majid] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, MRC HPA Ctr Environm & Hlth, London, England. [Ibeanusi, Sydney E.] Univ Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. [Jonas, Jost B.] Heidelberg Univ, Med Fac Mannheim, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany. [Kan, Haidong] Fudan Univ, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Kanis, John A.] Univ Sheffield, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Khang, Young-Ho] Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea. [Kok, Cindy] Spinal Cord Injury Network, Glebe, New Zealand. [Lalloo, Ratilal] Griffith Univ, Sch Dent & Oral Hlth, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Lalloo, Ratilal] Griffith Univ, Populat & Social Hlth Res Program, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Leasher, Janet L.] Nova SE Univ, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Li, Yang] George Inst Global Hlth, Crit Care & Trauma Div, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Lipshultz, Steven E.; Wilkinson, James D.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Marcenes, Wagner] Queen Mary Univ London, London, England. [Martin, Randall; van Donkelaar, Aaron] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Mehta, Sumi] Global Alliance Clean Cookstoves, Washington, DC USA. [Mensah, George A.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Micha, Renata] Agr Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. [Michaud, Catherine] China Med Board, Boston, MA USA. [Mishra, Vinod] United Nations Populat Div, New York, NY USA. [Morawska, Lidia] Queensland Univ Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Miquel Nolla, Joan] Hosp Univ Bellvitge, Inst Invest Biomed Bellvitge, Dept Rheumatol, Barcelona, Spain. [Omer, Saad B.; Steenland, Kyle] Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Omer, Saad B.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Osborne, Richard] Deakin Univ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Ostro, Bart] Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Sacramento, CA USA. [Pandey, Kiran D.] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Parry, Charles D. H.] S African MRC, Cape Town, South Africa. [Patra, Jayadeep] St Michaels Hosp, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada. [Pelizzari, Pamela M.] Ctr Medicare & Medicaid Serv, Baltimore, MD USA. [Petzold, Max] Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Ctr Appl Biostat, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Phillips, Michael R.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Pope, C. Arden, III] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Razavi, Homie] Ctr Dis Anal, Louisville, CO USA. [Rehfuess, Eva A.] Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. [Ritz, Beate] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Robinson, Carolyn] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Rodriguez-Portales, Jose A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile. [Romieu, Isabelle; Straif, Kurt] Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. [Room, Robin] Turning Point Alcohol & Drug Ctr, Ctr Alcohol Policy Res, Fitzroy, SA, Australia. [Roy, Ananya] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Sampson, Uchechukwu] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Sapkota, Amir] Univ Maryland, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Seedat, Soraya] Univ Stellenbosch, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Sleet, David A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Baltimore, MD USA. [Stovner, Lars Jacob] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Neurosci, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway. [Thurston, George D.] NYU, New York, NY USA. [Vijayakumar, Lakshmi] Voluntary Hlth Serv, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. [Weintraub, Robert] Royal Childrens Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Weintraub, Robert] Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Williams, Hywel C.] Univ Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Williams, Warwick] Natl Acoust Labs, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Woolf, Anthony D.] Royal Cornwall Hosp, Truro, England. [Yip, Paul] Univ Hong Kong, Ctr Suicide Res & Prevent, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Lim, SS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. EM stevelim@uw.edu RI Balakrishnan, Kalpana/B-6653-2015; Lopez, Alan/F-1487-2010; Hall, Wayne/A-3283-2008; Stockwell, Tim/B-6662-2012; Baxter, Amanda/E-5449-2011; Ritz, Beate/E-3043-2015; Charlson, Fiona/F-5290-2011; Whiteford, Harvey/A-4840-2009; Boussinesq, Michel/J-7256-2016; Bacchus, Loraine/J-9996-2016; Lalloo, Ratilal/O-5624-2014; Salomon, Joshua/D-3898-2009; Pope, Daniel/C-3054-2014; Sapkota, Amir/A-5968-2011; McGrath, John/G-5493-2010; Stovner, Lars/D-5025-2014; Orchard, Jessica/E-2078-2013; NORMAN, ROSANA/F-2774-2010; Buchbinder, Rachelle/G-2952-2011; Degenhardt, Louisa/D-4515-2012; Bull, Fiona/G-4148-2012; Veerman, Lennert/A-9973-2011; Lathlean, Tim/K-3653-2013; Parry, Charles/A-2906-2009; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; OI Jacklyn, Gemma/0000-0002-4814-3241; Devries, Karen/0000-0001-8935-2181; Weissman, Myrna/0000-0003-3490-3075; Hoek, Hans/0000-0001-6353-5465; Borges, Guilherme/0000-0002-3269-0507; London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290; Khang, Young-Ho/0000-0002-9585-8266; brunekreef, bert/0000-0001-9908-0060; Powles, John/0000-0002-0766-7989; Stockl, Heidi/0000-0002-0907-8483; Hu, Howard/0000-0002-3676-2707; Balakrishnan, Kalpana/0000-0002-5905-1801; Cowie, Benjamin/0000-0002-7087-5895; O'donnell, Colm/0000-0002-8004-450X; Malekzadeh, Reza/0000-0003-1043-3814; Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326; Lopez, Alan/0000-0001-5818-6512; Hall, Wayne/0000-0003-1984-0096; Baxter, Amanda/0000-0001-8198-9022; Charlson, Fiona/0000-0003-2876-5040; Whiteford, Harvey/0000-0003-4667-6623; Boussinesq, Michel/0000-0001-6312-0681; Bacchus, Loraine/0000-0002-9966-8208; Lalloo, Ratilal/0000-0001-5822-1269; Salomon, Joshua/0000-0003-3929-5515; Ghosh, Santu/0000-0003-1358-3471; McGrath, John/0000-0002-4792-6068; Orchard, Jessica/0000-0002-5702-7277; NORMAN, ROSANA/0000-0002-9742-1957; Degenhardt, Louisa/0000-0002-8513-2218; Veerman, Lennert/0000-0002-3206-8232; Parry, Charles/0000-0001-9787-2785; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Brauer, Michael/0000-0002-9103-9343; Merriman, Tony/0000-0003-0844-8726; Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779; Osborne, Richard/0000-0002-9081-2699 FU Lundbeck; Prana Biotechnology; Abbott; Amgen; AstraZeneca; George Clinical; GlaxoSmithKline; Novartis; PepsiCo; Pfizer; Pharmacy Guild of Australia; Roche; Sanofi-Aventis; Seervier; Tanabe; Australian Food and Grocery Council; Bupa Australia; Johnson and Johnson; Merck Schering-Plough; Servier; United Healthcare Group; Imperial College London (as PI) from the European Chemical Industry Council; CONCAWE; USEPA; Shell Foundation; Fight for Sight; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council; Monash University; Cabrini Health; Health Effects Institute; William and Flora Hewlett Foundation; Cancer Research UK; Safework Australia; Johns Hopkins Vaccine Initiative Scholarship; WHO; Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Netherlands; World Mental Health Japan; Grant for Research on Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases and Mental Health from the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare [H13-SHOGAI-023, H14-TOKUBETSU-026, H16-KOKORO-013]; Intramural Research Program of the NIH (National Cancer Institute); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, USA; Australian Research Council Future Fellowship; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Senior Research Fellowship; Munich Centre of Health Sciences; Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education; Victorian Department of Health; Burke Global Health Fellowship; Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Award of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; Vanderbilt Clinical and Translational Scholars Award; Spanish Society of Rheumatology; South African Research Chairs Initiative; National Research Foundation; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES00260]; UK Medical Research Council (MRC); National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical research Centre at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; Nutrition Impact Model Study (NIMS); Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Spanish Rheumatology Association; Institute of Bone and Joint Research; University of Sydney FX A Davis is employed by the NHS on works for the UK Dept of Health as lead adviser on audiology. E R Dorsey has been a consultant for Medtronic and Lundbeck and has received grant support from Lundbeck and Prana Biotechnology. M Ezzati chaired a session and gave a talk at the World Cardiology Congress (WCC), with travel cost reimbursed by the World Heart Federation. At the WCC, he also gave a talk at a session organised by Pepsico with no financial remuneration. G A Mensah is a former employee of PepsiCo. D Mozaffarian has received: ad hoc travel reimbursement and/or honoraria for one-time specific presentations on diet and cardiometabolic diseases from Nutrition Impact (9/10), the International Life Sciences Institute (12/10), Bunge (11/11), Pollock Institute (3/12), and Quaker Oats (4/12; modest); and Unilever's North America Scientific Advisory Board (modest). B Neal is the Chair of the Australian Division of World Action on Salt and Health. He has consulted to Roche and Takeda. He has received lecture fees, travel fees, or reimbursements from Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, George Clinical, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, PepsiCo, Pfizer, Pharmacy Guild of Australia, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Seervier, and Tanabe. He holds research support from the Australian Food and Grocery Council, Bupa Australia, Johnson and Johnson, Merck Schering-Plough, Roche, Servier, and United Healthcare Group. He is not employed by a commercial entity and has no equity ownership or stock options, patents or royalties, or any other financial or non-financial support that might be viewed as a conflict of interest. L Rushton received honorarium for board membership of the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals and research grants to Imperial College London (as PI) from the European Chemical Industry Council and CONCAWE.; We thank the countless individuals who have contributed to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 in various capacities. We specifically acknowledge the important contribution to this work from multiple staff members of the World Health Organization. We also thank the following organisations that hosted consultations during the final stages of the analytical process, providing valuable feedback about the results and the data to improve the study's findings overall: Pan American Health Organization; Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of WHO; UNAIDS; Ministry of Health, Brazil; China Centers for Disease Control; and the University of Zambia. We thank Regina Guthold, Jordis Ott, Annette Pruss-Ustun, and Gretchen A Stevens for their collaboration and input into the analyses and estimates. Finally, we acknowledge the extensive support from all staff members at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and specifically thank: James Bullard, Andrew Ernst, and Serkan Yalcin for their tireless support of the computational infrastructure required to produce the results; Linda A Ettinger for her expert administrative support to facilitate communication and coordination amongst the authors; Peter Speyer, Abigail McLain, Katherine Leach-Kemon, and Eden Stork for their persistent and valuable work to gain access to and catalogue as much data as possible to inform the estimates; and Erin C Mullany for her systematic efforts in organising drafts of papers, formatting correspondence with expert groups, and preparing the final manuscript. J Balmes, Z Chafe, and K R Smith acknowledge that their aspects of the research were also supported by USEPA and the Shell Foundation, neither of which had any role in design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or decisions related to publication. R Bourne acknowledges Institutional Support: Vision & Eye Research Unit, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK. Funding support: Fight for Sight (Dr Hans and Mrs Gertrude Hirsch award). R Buchbinder was partially supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Practitioner Fellowship, Monash University, and Cabrini Health. A J Cohen received support from the Health Effects Institute and The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. S Darby was supported by Cancer Research UK. L Degenhardt was supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Senior Research Fellowship. T Driscoll was supported in part by funding from the National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (now Safework Australia). K M Hanafiah's work for the GBD hepatitis C prevalence study was funded partly by Johns Hopkins Vaccine Initiative Scholarship and partly by WHO. H W Hoek acknowledges the support of: the Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, Netherlands; the Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Netherlands; and the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, USA. D Hoy was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. N Kawakami notes that data used in the study was collected through support from the following grants: The World Mental Health Japan is supported by the Grant for Research on Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases and Mental Health (H13-SHOGAI-023, H14-TOKUBETSU-026, H16-KOKORO-013) from the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. He thanks staff members, filed coordinators, and interviewers of the WMH Japan 2002-2004 Survey.; Q Lan was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH (National Cancer Institute). S London is supported by the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, USA. T R Merriman acknowledges the Health Research Council of New Zealand. B Neal was supported in his contribution to this work by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship and a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Senior Research Fellowship. C Olives was supported in his contribution to this work by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship and a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Senior Research Fellowship. E A Rehfuess acknowledges financial support from the Munich Centre of Health Sciences. R Room's position at the University of Melbourne and Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre is funded by the Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education and the Victorian Department of Health. J A Salomon received support from the Burke Global Health Fellowship while working on this study. U Sampson was supported in part by: The Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Award of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; The Vanderbilt Clinical and Translational Scholars Award. L Sanchez-Riera acknowledges the Spanish Society of Rheumatology for their funds. S Seedat is supported by the South African Research Chairs Initiative, hosted by the Department of Science and Technology and the National Research Foundation. G D Thurston was supported in part by grant ES00260 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. J M Zielinski acknowledges institutional support from: Health Canada, University of Ottawa, and WHO (International Radon Project). M Ezzati's research is supported by a Strategic Award from the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and by the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical research Centre at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. Work on micronutrient deficiencies was supported by the Nutrition Impact Model Study (NIMS) funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The GBD Osteoporosis Expert Group was supported by the Spanish Rheumatology Association, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney. The GBD Osteoporosis Expert Group also acknowledges the contributions made by Professor Philip Sambrook who passed away in April, 2012. NR 192 TC 2676 Z9 2777 U1 203 U2 1287 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 380 IS 9859 BP 2224 EP 2260 PG 37 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 055AL UT WOS:000312387000017 PM 23245609 ER PT J AU Lubchenco, J McNutt, MK Dreyfus, G Murawski, SA Kennedy, DM Anastas, PT Chu, S Hunter, T AF Lubchenco, Jane McNutt, Marcia K. Dreyfus, Gabrielle Murawski, Steven A. Kennedy, David M. Anastas, Paul T. Chu, Steven Hunter, Tom TI Science in support of the Deepwater Horizon response SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE science-based decision making; Gulf of Mexico; Spill of National Significance; Macondo; Oil Pollution Act ID OIL-SPILL AB This introduction to the Special Feature presents the context for science during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill response, summarizes how scientific knowledge was integrated across disciplines and statutory responsibilities, identifies areas where scientific information was accurate and where it was not, and considers lessons learned and recommendations for future research and response. Scientific information was integrated within and across federal and state agencies, with input from nongovernmental scientists, across a diverse portfolio of needs-stopping the flow of oil, estimating the amount of oil, capturing and recovering the oil, tracking and forecasting surface oil, protecting coastal and oceanic wildlife and habitat, managing fisheries, and protecting the safety of seafood. Disciplines involved included atmospheric, oceanographic, biogeochemical, ecological, health, biological, and chemical sciences, physics, geology, and mechanical and chemical engineering. Platforms ranged from satellites and planes to ships, buoys, gliders, and remotely operated vehicles to laboratories and computer simulations. The unprecedented response effort depended directly on intense and extensive scientific and engineering data, information, and advice. Many valuable lessons were learned that should be applied to future events. C1 [Lubchenco, Jane; Dreyfus, Gabrielle; Murawski, Steven A.; Kennedy, David M.] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [McNutt, Marcia K.] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Anastas, Paul T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Chu, Steven] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Hunter, Tom] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Lubchenco, J (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM jane.lubchenco@noaa.gov RI yu, jian/C-1280-2009; Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013 OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172 FU American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and Technology Policy Fellowship program; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX We extend condolences to the families of the 11 workers who lost their lives on the Deepwater Horizon rig and heartfelt sympathy to the thousands of Gulf Coast residents devastated by the spill. We acknowledge the thousands of scientists, technicians, response workers, and managers inside and outside of our agencies who devoted extraordinary efforts to support the spill response. The magnitude and magnanimity of their efforts have gone largely unrecognized, and the work continues. Significant efforts continue to be devoted to understanding the full impacts of the spill and its consequences for the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem. Restoration efforts have been initiated, but there is much more work to be done. We thank the many thousands of women and men, both inside and outside of government, who contributed to the efforts outlined in this special volume and the larger body of documentation on the Deepwater Horizon event. We thank Chris Belter, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) library, for collecting and maintaining a Deepwater Horizon bibliography and Joe Klimavicz, CIO for NOAA, and others responsible for the new online repository done in conjunction with the National Technical Information Service/NOAA: http://noaa. ntis. gov/site/home. php. We acknowledge the contributions from Jennifer Pizza, John Stein, and many more from NOAA, US Geological Survey (USGS), and Enviromental Protection Agency (EPA) in the preparation of this introduction. G.D. acknowledges support from the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and Technology Policy Fellowship program and the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USGS, the Department of the Interior, NOAA, the Department of Commerce, the EPA, or the Department of Energy. And finally, we thank Admiral Thad Allen and President Barack Obama for their trust in and support of science. NR 55 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 145 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 11 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 50 BP 20212 EP 20221 DI 10.1073/pnas.1204729109 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 058AF UT WOS:000312605600026 PM 23213250 ER PT J AU Thiyagarajan, N Pham, TTK Stinson, B Sundriyal, A Tumbale, P Lizotte-Waniewski, M Brew, K Acharya, KR AF Thiyagarajan, Nethaji Pham, Tram T. K. Stinson, Brittany Sundriyal, Amit Tumbale, Percy Lizotte-Waniewski, Michelle Brew, Keith Acharya, K. Ravi TI Structure of a metal-independent bacterial glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the synthesis of histo-blood group A antigen SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID GROUP-B GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES; MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT; RETAINING GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE; DIFFERENTIAL RECOGNITION; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ALPHA-1,3-GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE; SPECIFICITY; SYNTHASE; BINDING AB Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are a source of antigenic variation between individuals that modulates resistance and susceptibility to pathogens and is a barrier to the spread of enveloped viruses. HBGAs are also produced by a few prokaryotes where they are synthesized by glycosyltransferases (GTs) related to human HBGA synthases. Here we report the first structure of a bacterial GT of this family, from an intestinal resident, Bacteroides ovatus. Unlike its mammalian homologues and other GTs with similar folds, this protein lacks a metal-binding Asp-X-Asp motif and is fully active in the absence of divalent metal ions, yet is strikingly similar in structure and in its interactions with substrates to structurally characterized mammalian metal-dependent mammalian homologues. This shows how an apparently major divergence in catalytic properties can be accommodated by minor structural adjustments and illustrates the structural underpinnings of horizontal transfer of a functional gene from prokaryotes to vertebrates. C1 [Stinson, Brittany; Tumbale, Percy; Lizotte-Waniewski, Michelle; Brew, Keith] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Charles E Schmidt Coll Med, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Thiyagarajan, Nethaji; Pham, Tram T. K.; Sundriyal, Amit; Acharya, K. Ravi] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Sundriyal, Amit] Univ Basel, Dept Struct Biol, Biozentrum, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Tumbale, Percy] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Brew, K (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Charles E Schmidt Coll Med, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM kbrew@fau.edu; bsskra@bath.ac.uk RI Brew, Keith/A-6746-2009 OI Brew, Keith/0000-0003-1306-1032 FU Wellcome Trust (UK) equipment grant [088464]; University of Bath; NIH (USA) [AR40994]; National Science Foundation (USA) [GK-12] FX This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust (UK) equipment grant (number 088464) to K.R.A. We thank Professor Eleanor Dodson (University of York, UK) for help with 'molecular replacement' used in the structure determination of apo BoGT6a and the scientists at Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxon (UK) for their support during X-ray diffraction data collection. T.T.K.P. wishes to thank Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and University of Bath for a post-graduate studentship. K.B. was supported by NIH (USA) grant AR40994 and P.T. and B.S. were partly funded by the National Science Foundation (USA) GK-12 Program. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 7 PY 2012 VL 2 AR 940 DI 10.1038/srep00940 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 049MZ UT WOS:000311988400002 PM 23230506 ER PT J AU Yee, SH Bradley, P Fisher, WS Perreault, SD Quackenboss, J Johnson, ED Bousquin, J Murphy, PA AF Yee, Susan H. Bradley, Patricia Fisher, William S. Perreault, Sally D. Quackenboss, James Johnson, Eric D. Bousquin, Justin Murphy, Patricia A. TI Integrating Human Health and Environmental Health into the DPSIR Framework: A Tool to Identify Research Opportunities for Sustainable and Healthy Communities SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE asthma disparities; causal framework; DPSIR; environmental health; public health; sustainability ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; INDICATORS; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; SYSTEMS AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has recently realigned its research enterprise around the concept of sustainability. Scientists from across multiple disciplines have a role to play in contributing the information, methods, and tools needed to more fully understand the long-term impacts of decisions on the social and economic sustainability of communities. Success will depend on a shift in thinking to integrate, organize, and prioritize research within a systems context. We used the Driving forces-Pressures-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework as a basis for integrating social, cultural, and economic aspects of environmental and human health into a single framework. To make the framework broadly applicable to sustainability research planning, we provide a hierarchical system of DPSIR keywords and guidelines for use as a communication tool. The applicability of the integrated framework was first tested on a public health issue (asthma disparities) for purposes of discussion. We then applied the framework at a science planning meeting to identify opportunities for sustainable and healthy communities research. We conclude that an integrated systems framework has many potential roles in science planning, including identifying key issues, visualizing interactions within the system, identifying research gaps, organizing information, developing computational models, and identifying indicators. C1 [Yee, Susan H.; Fisher, William S.; Johnson, Eric D.; Bousquin, Justin] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Bradley, Patricia] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Naragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Perreault, Sally D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Quackenboss, James] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Murphy, Patricia A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP Yee, SH (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM yee.susan@epa.gov NR 58 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2012 VL 9 IS 4 BP 411 EP 426 DI 10.1007/s10393-012-0805-3 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 131CT UT WOS:000317970500008 PM 23238563 ER PT J AU Marten, AL Newbold, SC AF Marten, Alex L. Newbold, Stephen C. TI Estimating the social cost of non-CO2 GHG emissions: Methane and nitrous oxide SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Social cost of carbon; Global warming potential; Integrated assessment ID GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISTANT FUTURE; POLICY; CARBON; REDUCTIONS; ECONOMICS; IMPACTS; SCIENCE AB Many estimates of the social cost of CO2 emissions (SCCO2) can be found in the climate economics literature. However, to date few estimates of the social costs of other greenhouse gases have been published, and most are not comparable to current estimates of the SCCO2. We construct an integrated assessment model that combines MAGICC and economic components from DICE to estimate the social costs of CO2, CH4, and N2O for the years 2010-2050, using assumptions similar to the recent U.S. government interagency SCC working group. We compare our estimates of the social costs for non-CO2 gases to those produced using the SCCO2 to value "CO2-equivalent" emissions, calculated using global warming potentials (GWPs). We examine the estimation error associated with using GWPs for single- and multi-gas abatement policies. In both cases the error can be large, so estimates of the social costs of these gases should be used whenever possible. However, if direct estimates are not available the value of reductions estimated using GWPs will typically have lower absolute errors than default estimates of zero, and provide lower bounds of the abatement benefits. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Marten, Alex L.; Newbold, Stephen C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Marten, AL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM marten.alex@epa.gov NR 67 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 EI 1873-6777 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD DEC PY 2012 VL 51 BP 957 EP 972 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.09.073 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058FR UT WOS:000312620000094 ER PT J AU Calvin, K Fawcett, A Jiang, KJ AF Calvin, Katherine Fawcett, Allen Jiang Kejun TI Comparing model results to national climate policy goals: Results from the Asia modeling exercise SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Copenhagen commitments; Integrated assessment models; Asia AB While the world has yet to adopt a single unified policy to limit climate change, many countries and regions have adopted energy and climate policies that have implications for global emissions. In this paper, we discuss a few key policies and how they are included in a set of 23 energy and integrated assessment models that participated in the Asia Modeling Exercise. We also compare results from these models for a small set of stylized scenarios to the pledges made as part of the Copenhagen Accord and the goals stated by the Major Economies Forum. We find that the targets outlined by the United States, the European Union, Japan, and Korea require significant policy action in most of the models analyzed. For most of the models in the study, however, the goals outlined by India are met without any climate policy. The stringency of climate policy required to meet China's Copenhagen pledges varies across models and accounting methodologies. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Calvin, Katherine] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Calvin, Katherine] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fawcett, Allen] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Jiang Kejun] Energy Res Inst, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Calvin, K (reprint author), 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 3500, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM katherine.calvin@pnnl.gov OI Calvin, Katherine/0000-0003-2191-4189 NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 34 SU 3 SI SI BP S306 EP S315 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2012.03.008 PG 10 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 071NG UT WOS:000313600200006 ER PT J AU Chaturvedi, V Waldhoff, S Clarke, L Fujimori, S AF Chaturvedi, Vaibhav Waldhoff, Stephanie Clarke, Leon Fujimori, Shinichiro TI What are the starting points? Evaluating base-year assumptions in the Asian Modeling Exercise SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Base year data; Integrated assessment models; Energy-emission scenarios; Asian countries AB A common feature of model inter-comparison efforts is that the base year numbers for important parameters such as population and GDP can differ substantially across models. This paper explores the sources and implications of this variation in Asian countries across the models participating in the Asian Modeling Exercise (AME). Because the models do not all have a common base year, each team was required to provide data for 2005 for comparison purposes. This paper compares the year 2005 information for different models, noting the degree of variation in important parameters, including population, GDP, primary energy, electricity, and CO2 emissions. It then explores the difference in these key parameters across different sources of base-year information. The analysis confirms that the sources provide different values for many key parameters. This variation across data sources and additional reasons why models might provide different base-year numbers, including differences in regional definitions, differences in model base year, and differences in GDP transformation methodologies, are then discussed in the context of the AME scenarios. Finally, the paper explores the implications of base-year variation on long-term model results. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chaturvedi, Vaibhav; Clarke, Leon] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Chaturvedi, Vaibhav; Clarke, Leon] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Waldhoff, Stephanie] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Fujimori, Shinichiro] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Chaturvedi, V (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM vaibhav.chaturvedi@pnl.gov RI Fujimori, Shinichiro/A-1288-2015 OI Fujimori, Shinichiro/0000-0001-7897-1796 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 34 SU 3 SI SI BP S261 EP S271 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2012.05.004 PG 11 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 071NG UT WOS:000313600200002 ER PT J AU Wang, HQ Meselhe, EA Waldon, MG Harwell, MC Chen, CF AF Wang, Hongqing Meselhe, Ehab A. Waldon, Michael G. Harwell, Matthew C. Chen, Chunfang TI Compartment-based hydrodynamics and water quality modeling of a Northern Everglades Wetland, Florida, USA SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Everglades; Compartmental modeling; Hydrodynamics; Water quality; Water managment; Sensitivity analysis ID STORMWATER TREATMENT AREAS; PHOSPHORUS; LANDSCAPE; IMPACTS AB The last remaining large remnant of softwater wetlands in the US Florida Everglades lies within the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge. However, Refuge water quality today is impacted by pumped stormwater inflows to the eutrophic and mineral-enriched 100-km canal, which circumscribes the wetland. Optimal management is a challenge and requires scientifically based predictive tools to assess and forecast the impacts of water management on Refuge water quality. In this research, we developed a compartment-based numerical model of hydrodynamics and water quality for the Refuge. Using the numerical model, we examined the dynamics in stage, water depth, discharge from hydraulic structures along the canal, and exchange flow among canal and marsh compartments. We also investigated the transport of chloride, sulfate and total phosphorus from the canal to the marsh interior driven by hydraulic gradients as well as biological removal of sulfate and total phosphorus. The model was calibrated and validated using long-term stage and water quality data (1995-2007). Statistical analysis indicates that the model is capable of capturing the spatial (from canal to interior marsh) gradients of constituents across the Refuge. Simulations demonstrate that flow from the eutrophic and mineral-enriched canal impacts chloride and sulfate in the interior marsh. In contrast, total phosphorus in the interior marsh shows low sensitivity to intrusion and dispersive transport. We conducted a rainfall-driven scenario test in which the pumped inflow concentrations of chloride, sulfate and total phosphorus were equal to rainfall concentrations (wet deposition). This test shows that pumped inflow is the dominant factor responsible for the substantially increased chloride and sulfate concentrations in the interior marsh. Therefore, the present day Refuge should not be classified as solely a rainfall-driven or ombrotrophic wetland. The model provides an effective screening tool for studying the impacts of various water management alternatives on water quality across the Refuge, and demonstrates the practicality of similarly modeling other wetland systems. As a general rule, modeling provides one component of a multi-faceted effort to provide technical support for ecosystem management decisions. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wang, Hongqing] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Meselhe, Ehab A.] Water Inst Gulf, Baton Rouge, LA 70825 USA. [Harwell, Matthew C.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Chen, Chunfang] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Inst Coastal Ecol & Engn, Ctr Louisiana Inland Waters Studies, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Wang, HQ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM wangh@usgs.gov RI Wang, Hongqing /D-2575-2014; OI Wang, Hongqing/0000-0002-2977-7732 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Louisiana at Lafayette FX This research was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service through a cooperative agreement with the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. We thank the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) for providing water quality and flow data. We thank Nicholas G. Aumen, Robert H. Kadlec, Sarai Piazza, Gregory D. Steyer, William W. Walker and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments that significantly improved the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey, US Department of Interior, or US Environmental Protection Agency. The work was conducted independent of EPA employment and has not been subjected to EPA's peer and administrative review. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 247 BP 273 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.09.007 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064QD UT WOS:000313089600025 ER PT J AU King, K AF King, Katherine TI Aggravating conditions: Cynical hostility and neighborhood ambient stressors SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE United States; Cynical hostility; Traffic stressors; Psychosocial stressors; Geographical clustering; Physical environment; Neighborhood; Physiological reactivity ID ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE; SELF-RATED HEALTH; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; PHYSICAL HEALTH; SOCIAL SUPPORT; BLOOD-PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR REACTIVITY; ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS AB This study is the first to investigate neighborhood clustering of a personality trait - cynical hostility (a sense of mistrust of others amplified by suspicious antagonism.) Cynical hostility increases physiological reactivity by influencing appraisal and coping when stressful events occur and that has been well established as a predictor of cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and all-cause mortality. The analysis examines the associations of a variety of neighborhood physical and social conditions (especially ambient stressors) with individual cynical hostility, controlling for individual sociodemographics. Data are from the Chicago Community Adult Health Survey, a clustered population-based study of 3105 adults. Variation by neighborhood in cynical hostility is larger than variation of other selected health outcomes, which are commonly studied using ecological methods or for other personality measures. Controlling for neighborhood context reduces the black/white cynical hostility disparity by one-third. A measure of neighborhood ambient stressors (notably noise) significantly predicts cynical hostility, even after individual characteristics are controlled, and the effect size is larger than for other contextual predictors. Health-related psychosocial and personality traits may both cluster in and be influenced by contemporaneous neighborhoods rather than mere exogenous results of genes or early life conditions. Health-relevant psychosocial characteristics may also mediate effects of neighborhood deleterious physical conditions, thereby influencing downstream health outcomes and social disparities therein. Because residential location and neighborhood physical conditions are both modifiable, research on how ambient stressors influence health psychology may be particularly fruitful for health policy and practice. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [King, Katherine] Duke Univ, Dept Sociol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [King, Katherine] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. RP King, K (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Sociol, 271 Soc Psych Bldg,POB 90088, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM king.katherine@epa.gov RI King, Katherine/K-2440-2012; OI King, Katherine/0000-0001-8615-1894 FU Michigan Center for Integrative Approaches to Health Disparities [P60MD002249]; National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities; NICHD Center [R24 HD041028] FX The author wishes to thank Jim House for his excellent mentorship, tireless reading, and sound advice, and to thank Jeff Morenoff, Philippa Clarke, and Linda George for their mentorship and thoughtful comments. This research was supported in part by the Michigan Center for Integrative Approaches to Health Disparities (P60MD002249) funded by the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities. The author gratefully acknowledges use of the services and facilities of the Population Studies Center at the University of Michigan, funded by NICHD Center Grant R24 HD041028. This manuscript has been subjected to the U.S. EPA's peer review and has been approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency. NR 76 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 75 IS 12 BP 2258 EP 2266 DI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.08.027 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 060DX UT WOS:000312757800026 PM 22995667 ER PT J AU Nazaroff, W Weschler, CJ Little, JC Hubal, EAC AF Nazaroff, William Weschler, Charles J. Little, John C. Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen TI Intake to Production Ratio: A Measure of Exposure Intimacy for Manufactured Chemicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; bisphenol A; p-dichlorobenzene; pentachlorophenol; phthalate; screening; triclosan ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; INTAKE FRACTION; BIOMONITORING DATA; BISPHENOL-A; INDOOR; TOXICITY; POLLUTANTS; TRICLOSAN; AMERICANS AB BACKGROUND: Limited data are available to assess human exposure to thousands of chemicals currently in commerce. Information that relates human intake of a chemical to its production and use can help inform understanding of mechanisms and pathways that control exposure and support efforts to protect public health. OBJECTIVES: We introduce the intake-to-production ratio (IPR) as an economy-wide quantitative indicator of the extent to which chemical production results in human exposure. METHODS: The IPR was evaluated as the ratio of two terms: aggregate rate of chemical uptake in a human population (inferred from urinary excretion data) divided by the rate that chemical is produced in or imported into that population's economy. We used biomonitoring data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention along with chemical manufacturing data reported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, as well as other published data, to estimate the IPR for nine chemicals in the United States. Results are reported in units of parts per million, where 1 ppm indicates 1 g of chemical uptake for every million grams of economy-wide use. RESULTS: Estimated IPR values for the studied compounds span many orders of magnitude from a low of 0.6 ppm for bisphenol A to a high of > 180,000 ppm for methyl paraben. Intermediate results were obtained for five phthalates and two chlorinated aromatic compounds: 120 ppm for butyl benzyl phthalate, 670 ppm for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 760 ppm for di(n-butyl) phthalate, 1,040 ppm for para-dichlorobenzene, 6,800 ppm for di(isobutyl) phthalate, 7,700 ppm for diethyl phthalate, and 8,000-24,000 ppm (range) for triclosan. CONCLUSION: The IPR is well suited as an aggregate metric of exposure intensity for characterizing population-level exposure to synthesized chemicals, particularly those that move fairly rapidly from manufacture to human intake and have relatively stable production and intake rates. C1 [Nazaroff, William] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Weschler, Charles J.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Weschler, Charles J.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Weschler, Charles J.] Tech Univ Denmark, Int Ctr Indoor Environm & Energy, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Little, John C.] Virginia Tech, Charles E Via Jr Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nazaroff, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 425 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nazaroff@ce.berkeley.edu RI Little, John/B-4154-2009; Nazaroff, William/C-4106-2008; Weschler, Charles/A-9788-2009 OI Nazaroff, William/0000-0001-5645-3357; Weschler, Charles/0000-0002-9097-5850 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and Development [EP-11-0-000172]; American Chemistry Council Long-Range Research Initiative; U.S. EPA Office of Air and Radiation, Indoor Environment Division under the Cadmus Group Inc. [EP-D-08-096, IED069-BERG-1] FX Funding for the workshops was provided to the Indoor Air Institute by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and Development under Order for Services No. EP-11-0-000172, and by a grant from the American Chemistry Council Long-Range Research Initiative. Funding in support of the workshops was also provided to the Building Ecology Research Group by the U.S. EPA Office of Air and Radiation, Indoor Environment Division, under the Cadmus Group Inc., Prime Contract No. EP-D-08-096, Task Order Agreement No. IED069-BERG-1. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 69 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 120 IS 12 BP 1678 EP 1683 DI 10.1289/ehp.1204992 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 056QB UT WOS:000312504900027 PM 23222017 ER PT J AU Lorber, M Calafat, AM AF Lorber, Matthew Calafat, Antonia M. TI Dose Reconstruction of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Using a Simple Pharmacokinetic Model SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE DEHP; dose reconstruction; pharmacokinetic model; phthalate exposure ID HUMAN EXPOSURE; URINARY CONCENTRATIONS; METABOLITES; VARIABILITY; MONOESTER; PRODUCTS; SAMPLES; ESTERS; DEHP AB BACKGROUND: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), used primarily as a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride, is found in a variety of products. Previous studies have quantified human exposure by back calculating intakes based on DEHP metabolite concentrations in urine and by determining concentrations of DEHP in exposure media (e.g., air, food, dust). OBJECTIVES: To better understand the timing and extent of DEHP exposure, we used a simple pharmacokinetic model to "reconstruct" the DEHP dose responsible for the presence of DEHP metabolites in urine. METHODS: We analyzed urine samples from eight adults for four DEHP metabolites [mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate]. Participants provided full volumes of all voids over 1 week and recorded the time of each void and information on diet, driving, and outdoor activities. Using a model previously calibrated on a single person self-dosed with DEHP in conjunction with the eight participants' data, we used a simple trial-and-error method to determine times and doses of DEHP that resulted in a best fit of predicted and observed urinary concentrations of the metabolites. RESULTS: The average daily mean and median reconstructed DEHP doses were 10.9 and 5.0 mu g/kg-day, respectively. The highest single modeled dose of 60 mu g/kg occurred when one study participant reported consuming coffee and a bagel with egg and sausage that was purchased at a gas station. About two-thirds of all modeled intake events occurred near the time of reported food or beverage consumption. Twenty percent of the modeled DEHP exposure occurred between 2200 hours and 0500 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Dose reconstruction using pharmacokinetic models-in conjunction with biomonitoring data, diary information, and other related data-can provide a powerful means to define timing, magnitude, and possible sources of exposure to a given contaminant. C1 [Lorber, Matthew] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lorber, M (reprint author), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM lorber.matthew@epa.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 34 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 120 IS 12 BP 1705 EP 1710 DI 10.1289/ehp.1205182 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 056QB UT WOS:000312504900031 PM 23010619 ER PT J AU Du, LL Batterman, S Godwin, C Chin, JY Parker, E Breen, M Brakefield, W Robins, T Lewis, T AF Du, Liuliu Batterman, Stuart Godwin, Christopher Chin, Jo-Yu Parker, Edith Breen, Michael Brakefield, Wilma Robins, Thomas Lewis, Toby TI Air Change Rates and Interzonal Flows in Residences, and the Need for Multi-Zone Models for Exposure and Health Analyses SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE air change rate; air filters; interzonal flows; PM exposure; residences ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; EXCHANGE-RATES; TOBACCO-SMOKE; PARTICULATE MATTER; INDOOR ENVIRONMENT; VENTILATION RATES; FINE PARTICLES; FILTERS; HOMES AB Air change rates (ACRs) and interzonal flows are key determinants of indoor air quality (IAQ) and building energy use. This paper characterizes ACRs and interzonal flows in 126 houses, and evaluates effects of these parameters on IAQ. ACRs measured using weeklong tracer measurements in several seasons averaged 0.73 +/- 0.76 h(-1) (median = 0.57 h(-1), n = 263) in the general living area, and much higher, 1.66 +/- 1.50 h(-1) (median = 1.23 h(-1), n = 253) in bedrooms. Living area ACRs were highest in winter and lowest in spring; bedroom ACRs were highest in summer and lowest in spring. Bedrooms received an average of 55 +/- 18% of air from elsewhere in the house; the living area received only 26 +/- 20% from the bedroom. Interzonal flows did not depend on season, indoor smoking or the presence of air conditioners. A two-zone IAQ model calibrated for the field study showed large differences in pollutant levels between the living area and bedroom, and the key parameters affecting IAQ were emission rates, emission source locations, air filter use, ACRs, interzonal flows, outdoor concentrations, and PM penetration factors. The single-zone models that are commonly used for residences have substantial limitations and may inadequately represent pollutant concentrations and exposures in bedrooms and potentially other environments other where people spend a substantial fraction of time. C1 [Du, Liuliu; Batterman, Stuart; Godwin, Christopher; Chin, Jo-Yu; Robins, Thomas; Lewis, Toby] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Parker, Edith] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA 51503 USA. [Breen, Michael] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brakefield, Wilma] Community Partner Large, Community Act Asthma, Detroit, MI 48108 USA. [Lewis, Toby] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Batterman, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM liuliudu@umich.edu; stuartb@umich.edu; ccgodwin@umich.edu; jychin@umich.edu; edith-parker@uiowa.edu; breen.michael@epa.gov; ilovedawn14@sbcglobal.net; trobins@umich.edu; tobyl@med.umich.edu OI Batterman, Stuart/0000-0001-9894-5325 FU NIEHS [R01-ESO14566-01A1] FX We thank our Detroit participants, our Detroit and Ann Arbor staff including Sonya Grant, Leonard Brakefield, Dennis Fair, Ricardo de Majo, Huda Elasaad and Andrew Ekstrom, and our CAAA Steering Committee members (Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services (ACCESS); Community Health & Social Services Center (CHASS); Detroit Hispanic Development Corporation (DHDC); Detroiters Working for Environmental Justice (DWEJ); Friends of Parkside (FOP); Latino Family Services (LFS); Warren/Conner Development Coalition; City of Detroit Dept of Health and Wellness Promotion, and the University of Michigan Schools of Public Health and Medicine. We also thank Ronald Williams and Thomas Long at the US Environmental Protection Agency for review comments. Although the manuscripts was reviewed by the US Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This study was conducted as part of NIEHS grant R01-ESO14566-01A1, "A Community Based Participatory Research Intervention for Childhood Asthma Using Air Filters and Air Conditioners". NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 47 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD DEC PY 2012 VL 9 IS 12 BP 4639 EP 4661 DI 10.3390/ijerph9124639 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 058AI UT WOS:000312605900023 PM 23235286 ER PT J AU Eisenberg, M AF Eisenberg, Mindy TI That's a Bright Idea! Using USEPA's Energy Use Assessment Tool to Control Costs SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Protect Branch, Drinking Water Protect Div, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Eisenberg, M (reprint author), US EPA, Protect Branch, Drinking Water Protect Div, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Eisenberg.Mindy@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 2164-4535 J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 104 IS 12 BP 20 EP + DI 10.5942/jawwa.2012.104.0163 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 059DT UT WOS:000312685300006 ER PT J AU Culbreth, ME Harrill, JA Freudenrich, TM Mundy, WR Shafer, TJ AF Culbreth, Megan E. Harrill, Joshua A. Freudenrich, Theresa M. Mundy, William R. Shafer, Timothy J. TI Comparison of chemical-induced changes in proliferation and apoptosis in human and mouse neuroprogenitor cells SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neuroprogenitor cells; Species extrapolation; Developmental neurotoxicity; In vitro screening ID NEURAL PROGENITOR CELLS; DEVELOPING NERVOUS-SYSTEM; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; IN-VITRO; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; CORTICAL-NEURONS; PC12 CELLS; NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; ALTERNATIVE METHODS; RAT AB There is a need to develop rapid and efficient models to screen chemicals for their potential to cause developmental neurotoxicity. Use of in vitro neuronal models, including human cells, is one approach that allows for timely, cost-effective toxicity screening. The present study compares the sensitivity of human (ReN CX) and mouse (mCNS) neuroprogenitor cell lines to chemicals using a multiplex assay for proliferation and apoptosis, endpoints that are critical for neural development. Cells were exposed to 0.001-100 mu M concentrations of 11 chemicals (cadmium, chlorpyrifos oxon, dexamethasone, dieldrin, ketamine, lead, maneb, methylmercury, nicotine, trans-retinoic acid, and trimethyltin) reported in the literature to affect proliferation and/or apoptosis, and 5 chemicals (dimethyl pthalate, glyphosate, omeprazole, saccharin, and D-sorbitol) with no reports of effects on either endpoint. High-content screening of markers for proliferation (BrdU incorporation) and apoptosis (activated caspase 3 and p53) was used to assess the effect of chemicals in both cell lines. Of the chemicals tested, methylmercury, cadmium, dieldrin, chlorpyrifos oxon, trans-retinoic acid, and trimethyltin decreased proliferation by at least 50% of control in either the ReN CX or mCNS cells. None of the chemicals tested activated caspase 3 or p53 in the ReN CX cells, while methylmercury, cadmium, dieldrin, chlorpyrifos oxon, trimethyltin, and glyphosate all induced at least a doubling in these apoptotic markers in the mCNS cells. Compared to control, cadmium, trans-retinoic acid, and trimethyltin decreased cell viability (ATP levels) by at least 50% in the ReN CX cells, while cadmium, dieldrin, and methylmercury decreased viability by at least 50% in the mCNS cells. Based on these results, BrdU is an appropriate marker for assessing chemical effects on proliferation, and human cells are more sensitive than mouse cells for this endpoint. By contrast, caspase 3 and p53 were altered by environmental chemicals in mouse, but not in human cells. Therefore, these markers are not appropriate to assess the ability of environmental chemicals to induce apoptosis in the ReN CX cells. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Culbreth, Megan E.; Harrill, Joshua A.; Freudenrich, Theresa M.; Mundy, William R.; Shafer, Timothy J.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Shafer, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD105-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shafer.tim@epa.gov OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 68 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD DEC PY 2012 VL 33 IS 6 SI SI BP 1499 EP 1510 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.05.012 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 063UI UT WOS:000313027100013 PM 22634143 ER PT J AU Hain, EF Nelson, SAC Tracy, BH Cakir, HI AF Hain, Ernie F. Nelson, Stacy A. C. Tracy, Bryn H. Cakir, Halil I. TI Application of GIS Techniques for Developing a Fish Index of Biotic Integrity for an Ecoregion with Low Species Richness SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN STREAMS; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; ECOLOGICAL CONDITION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; TOLERANCE INDEX; ASSEMBLAGES; LANDSCAPE; LAKES; IBI; DEGRADATION AB We describe a process for developing an index of biotic integrity (IBI) for resident fish communities in an ecoregion that exhibits low natural species richness. From 1990 to 2006, fish community samples were collected by the North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ) at 36 sample sites in the Cape Fear, Lumber, and Yadkin river basins within the Sandhills region of North Carolina. The NCDWQ does not currently have an IBI capable of distinguishing significant differences between reference and non-reference streams. To develop a more robust method of measuring responses to anthropogenic disturbance, we delineated contributing watersheds for each of the 36 sample sites using a geographic information system, hydrologic modeling, and 20-foot-resolution digital elevation models derived from light-detection and ranging data. The 2001 National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and in situ habitat data were used to determine various land-use/land-cover and hydrologic variables within each watershed. These variables were then used to select the sites with absolute minimal anthropogenic impacts. We used the Kruskal-Wallis test to identify 11 fish-community metrics, 2 chemical metrics, and 9 individual species that were significantly different between reference and non-reference sites. Of the final 15 metrics, only 3 exhibited higher values in reference streams. Our results demonstrate that the abundance and richness of the Sandhills fish fauna are greater in areas more highly impacted by anthropogenic activities. By automating the process by which reference sites are chosen, we were able to produce a multi-metric IBI that reflects the varying levels of anthropogenic impacts on wadeable streams in the Sandhills. C1 [Hain, Ernie F.; Nelson, Stacy A. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Ctr Geospatial Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Tracy, Bryn H.] N Carolina Div Water Qual, Raleigh, NC USA. [Cakir, Halil I.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hain, EF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Ctr Geospatial Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ernie_hain@ncsu.edu NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 44 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 11 IS 4 BP 711 EP 732 DI 10.1656/058.011.0410 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063HD UT WOS:000312985900010 ER PT J AU Londono, C DeKroon, RM Mocanu, M Booe, J Winnik, WM Swank, A Osorio, C Hamlett, ED Alzate, O AF Londono, Carolina DeKroon, Robert M. Mocanu, Mihaela Booe, Jessica Winnik, Witold M. Swank, Adam Osorio, Cristina Hamlett, Eric D. Alzate, Oscar TI Proteomic analysis of mice expressing human ApoE demonstrates no differences in global protein solubility between APOE 3 and APOE 4 young mice SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Apolipoprotein E; Isoelectric protein isoforms; Posttranslational modifications; Protein solubility; Proteomics ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; NATIONAL INSTITUTE; STABLE-ISOTOPE; INTACT PROTEIN; TYPE-4 ALLELE; QUANTIFICATION AB Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a major lipid carrier protein. In humans, ApoE is expressed in three polymorphic isoforms, which are encoded by three different alleles APOE2, APOE3, and APOE4. In the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, each one of these three allelic isoforms is found in several isoelectric protein isoforms (qPI), i.e. protein isoforms resulting from PTMs altering the net charge (q) of the polypeptide. AD is a complex disease in which multiple causes and several risk factors affect the onset and disease outcome. A major risk factor for AD is ApoE4; therefore, it is important to characterize the different ApoE qPIs. We have implemented a detergent-based method for isolation and quantitation of protein isoforms, and we found differences in the solubility of protein isoforms depending on the type of solvent used. In this manuscript, we describe these methods and applied them to young human-ApoE targeted replacement mice. Our results indicate that there are no significant differences in the hippocampus proteome of these mice as a function of the APOE genotype. C1 [Londono, Carolina; DeKroon, Robert M.; Mocanu, Mihaela; Booe, Jessica; Osorio, Cristina; Hamlett, Eric D.; Alzate, Oscar] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Syst Prote Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Londono, Carolina; Alzate, Oscar] Univ Pontificia Bolivariana, Sch Med, Medellin, Colombia. [DeKroon, Robert M.; Alzate, Oscar] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Mocanu, Mihaela; Osorio, Cristina; Hamlett, Eric D.; Alzate, Oscar] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Program Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Winnik, Witold M.; Swank, Adam] US EPA, NHEERL Prote Res Core, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Alzate, Oscar] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Alzate, O (reprint author), 438A Taylor Hall,Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM alzate@med.unc.edu FU University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill FX We would like to thank Dr. Patrick Sullivan and Mr. Brian Mace from the Duke University Medical Center for providing mouse tissues for this study; and Dr. Carol Parker from the UVic Proteomics Centre and Dr. Ana V. Valencia from UPB for critical review of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The research described in this article has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and the policies of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD DEC PY 2012 VL 33 IS 24 SI SI BP 3745 EP 3755 DI 10.1002/elps.201200219 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 057FT UT WOS:000312548900018 PM 23161654 ER PT J AU Janousek, CN Folger, CL AF Janousek, Christopher N. Folger, Christina L. TI Patterns of Distribution and Environmental Correlates of Macroalgal Assemblages and Sediment Chlorophyll A in Oregon Tidal Wetlands SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll a; macroalgae; National Wetlands Inventory; salinity; salt marsh; sea-level rise; species richness ID ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; ESTUARY; CALIFORNIA; SEA; COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION; HABITATS; NITROGEN; BIOMASS; DIATOMS AB Algae have important functional roles in estuarine wetlands. We quantified differences in macroalgal abundance, composition and diversity, and sediment chl a and pheophytin a (pheo a) among three National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) emergent marsh classes in four Oregon estuaries spanning a range of riverine to marine dominance. We also assessed the strength of macroalgal-vascular plant associations and the degree to which environmental variables correlated with algal community metrics in marsh and woody wetlands. The frequency of occurrence of most macroalgal genera, total benthic macroalgal cover, macroalgal diversity, and sediment chl a content were several times higher in low emergent marsh than in high marsh or palustrine tidal marsh. Conversely, pheo a: chl a ratios were highest in high and palustrine marsh. Attached macroalgae (Fucus and Vaucheria) were strongly associated with plants common at lower tidal elevations such as Sarcocornia perennis and Jaumea carnosa; Ulva (an unattached alga) was not strongly associated with any common low marsh plants. In structural equation models, intertidal elevation was the most influential predictor of macroalgal cover and richness and chl a; light availability and soil salinity played secondary roles. Although common taxa such as Ulva spp. occurred across a broad range of salinities, wetlands with oligohaline soils (salinity < 5) had the lowest macroalgal diversity and lower sediment chl a. These types of baseline data on algal distributions are critical for evaluating the structural and functional impacts of future changes to coastal estuaries including sea-level rise (SLR), altered salinity dynamics, and habitat modification. C1 [Janousek, Christopher N.; Folger, Christina L.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Janousek, CN (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Janousek.Chris@epa.gov OI Janousek, Christopher/0000-0003-2124-6715 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank V. Goldsmith, T. MochonCollura, M. Frazier, J. Stecher and K. Marko (EPA), H. Brunner, and D. Beugli (Dynamac Corporation), and J. Saarinen and R. Loiselle (USGS), for assistance in the field and lab. S. Cline, M. Armstrong, and P. Clinton provided GPS and GIS assistance. P. Clinton created figure 1. J. Stecher determined tidal inundation frequencies for the data set, H. Lee and M. Frazier offered statistical assistance, and C. Whitcraft and two anonymous reviewers kindly commented on the manuscript. Access to research sites was granted by the U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Bandon Marsh NWR), BLM, Oregon State Parks, Wetlands Conservancy, van Eck Foundation, Oregon State University, Port of Toledo, Western Rivers Conservancy, Oregon Oyster Farms, Lincoln County, the City of Toledo, Port of Bandon, and several individual private land holders. The information in this publication has been funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1448 EP 1457 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01228.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 056AS UT WOS:000312459900016 PM 27009995 ER PT J AU Vermeulen, I Block, C Van Caneghem, J Dewulf, W Sikdar, SK Vandecasteele, C AF Vermeulen, Isabel Block, Chantal Van Caneghem, Jo Dewulf, Wim Sikdar, Subhas K. Vandecasteele, Carlo TI Sustainability assessment of industrial waste treatment processes: The case of automotive shredder residue SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING LA English DT Article DE Sustainability indicators; Automotive shredder residue; Recycling; Energy recovery ID METRICS; LCA; INCINERATION; INDICATORS; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK AB To date numerous environmental, economic and societal indicators have been applied to evaluate and compare the sustainability of products and processes. This study presents a set of ad hoc sustainability indicators suitable for assessing and comparing processes for the treatment of industrial waste streams and for allowing to address efficiently all aspects of sustainability. This set consists of the following indicators: energy intensity, material intensity, water consumption, land use, global warming, human toxicity and treatment cost. The application of these indicators to industrial waste treatment processes is discussed in depth. A distinction is made between direct contributions to sustainability, occurring at the process level itself, and indirect contributions related to the production of auxiliaries and the recovery of end products. The proposed sustainability assessment method is applied to treatment processes for automotive shredder residue (ASR), a complex and heterogeneous waste stream with hazardous characteristics. Although different strategies for recycling and valorization of ASR were developed, with some of them already commercialized, large quantities of ASR are still commonly landfilled. This study concludes that for ASR the most sustainable alternative to the present landfill practice, both in short and long term perspective, consists of recycling combined with energetic valorization of the residual fraction. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vermeulen, Isabel; Block, Chantal; Van Caneghem, Jo; Vandecasteele, Carlo] Univ Leuven, Dept Chem Engn, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [Dewulf, Wim] KU Leuven Assoc, Leuven Engn Coll, Grp T, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Dewulf, Wim] Univ Leuven, Dept Mech Engn, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [Sikdar, Subhas K.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vermeulen, I (reprint author), Univ Leuven, Dept Chem Engn, Willem De Croylaan 46, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. EM Isabel.Vermeulen@cit.kuleuven.be NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-3449 J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 69 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1016/jsesconrec.2012.08.010 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 054NP UT WOS:000312350800003 ER PT J AU Oswald, KJ French, BW Nielson, C Bagley, M AF Oswald, K. J. French, B. W. Nielson, C. Bagley, M. TI Assessment of fitness costs in Cry3Bb1-resistant and susceptible western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) laboratory colonies SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis resistance; fitness costs; MON863; western corn rootworm ID HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA LEPIDOPTERA; INSECT RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT; VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA COLEOPTERA; PINK-BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; BT TRANSGENIC CROPS; TIME-STEP MODEL; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; HOST-PLANT; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; CRY2AB RESISTANCE AB Maize production in the United States is dominated by plants genetically modified with transgenes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Cry3Bb delta endotoxins expressed by Bt maize specifically target corn rootworms (genus Diabrotica) and have proven highly efficacious. However, development of resistance to Bt maize, especially among western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) populations, poses a significant threat to the future viability of this pest control biotechnology. The structured refuge insect resistance management (IRM) strategy implemented in the United States for Bt maize adopts a conservative approach to managing resistance by assuming no fitness costs of Bt resistance, even though these trade-offs strongly influence the dynamics of Bt resistance within numerous agricultural pest species. To investigate the effects of Bt resistance on fitness components of western corn rootworm, we compared survivorship, fecundity and viability of five Bt-resistant laboratory lines reared on MON863 (YieldGard Rootworm), a Bt maize product that expresses Cry3Bb1 delta endotoxin, and on its non-transgenic isoline. Analysis of performance on the isoline maize demonstrated no fitness costs associated with Bt resistance. In fact, resistant lines emerged approximately 23 days earlier than control lines when reared on both MON863 and the isoline, indicating that selection for Bt resistance resulted in a general increase in the rate of larval development. In addition, resistant lines reared on Bt maize displayed higher fecundity than those reared on the isoline, which may have significant management implications. These data will be valuable for formulating improved IRM strategies for a principal agricultural pest of maize. C1 [Oswald, K. J.; Bagley, M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [French, B. W.; Nielson, C.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. RP Oswald, KJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, MS 590,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM oswald.kenneth@epa.gov NR 74 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 136 IS 10 BP 730 EP 740 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2012.01704.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 052RK UT WOS:000312215800002 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ AF Gordon, C. J. TI Thermal physiology of laboratory mice: Defining thermoneutrality SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Ambient temperature; Metabolic rate; Evaporative water loss; Core temperature; Telemetry; Selected temperature; Huddling; Brown adipose tissue; Thermal conductance; Growth; Reproduction; Fever; Aging ID BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; STRESS-INDUCED HYPERTHERMIA; CORE BODY-TEMPERATURE; MUS-MUSCULUS; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; METABOLIC-RATE; C57BL/6J MICE; HEAT-LOSS; THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES AB In terms of total number of publications, the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus) has emerged as the most popular test subject in biomedical research. Mice are used as models to study obesity, diabetes, CNS diseases and variety of other pathologies. Mice are classified as homeotherms and regulate their core temperature over a relatively wide range of ambient temperatures. However, researchers find that the thermoregulatory system of mice is easily affected by drugs, chemicals, and a variety of pathological conditions, effects that can be exacerbated by changes in ambient temperature. To this end, a thorough review of the thermal physiology of mice, including their sensitivity and regulatory limits to changes in ambient temperature is the primary focus of this review. Specifically, the zone of thermoneutrality for metabolic rate and how it corresponds to that for growth, reproduction, development, thermal comfort, and many other variables is covered. A key point of the review is to show that behavioral thermoregulation of mice is geared to minimize energy expenditure. Their zone of thermal comfort is essentially wedged between the thresholds to increase heat production and heat loss; however, this zone is above the recommended guidelines for animal vivariums. Future work is needed to better understand the behavioral and autonomic thermoregulatory responses of this most popular test species. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gordon, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gordon.christopher@epa.gov NR 111 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 23 U2 186 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 37 IS 8 BP 654 EP 685 DI 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2012.08.004 PG 32 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 052WT UT WOS:000312231600017 ER PT J AU Christensen, KLY Lorber, M Koslitz, S Bruning, T Koch, HM AF Christensen, K. L. Y. Lorber, M. Koslitz, S. Bruening, T. Koch, H. M. TI The contribution of diet to total bisphenol A body burden in humans: Results of a 48 hour fasting study SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE BPA exposure; Dietary and non-dietary exposure; Biomonitoring ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN URINE; EXPOSURE; SAMPLES; QUANTITATION; POPULATION; SERUM; DUST; AIR AB Human biomonitoring studies measuring bisphenol A (BPA) in urine have shown widespread exposure in the general population. Diet is thought to be a major route of exposure. We studied urinary BPA patterns in five individuals over a 48-h period of fasting (bottled water only). Personal activity patterns were recorded with a diary to investigate non-dietary routes of exposure. All urine void events during the fast were collected, as well as events before and after the fast. The pattern of BPA concentrations was similar for all participants: they rose near the beginning of the fast (after the pre-fast meal), declined over the next 24 h, fluctuated at lower levels during the second day, and then rose after the post-fast meal. Concentrations (similar to 2 mu g/g creatine) and calculated BPA intakes (similar to 0.03 mu g/kg-day) in these individuals during the first 24 h were consistent with general population exposures. For the second 24 h, concentrations and intakes declined by about two-thirds. One of the individuals had an extraordinary pre-fast exposure event with concentrations rising as high as 98 mu g/g creatine but declining to <5 mu g/g creatine by day 2. Given patterns found in day 1 and the subsequent decline to lower levels in day 2, we hypothesize that BPA exposures in these individuals were diet-driven. No events in the diary (use of personal care products, e.g.) appear associated with exposures. On day 2, non-dietary sources may still be present, such as from dust. Another hypothesis is that small reservoirs of BPA from past exposures are released from storage (lipid reservoirs, e.g.) and excreted. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Christensen, K. L. Y.; Lorber, M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Koslitz, S.; Bruening, T.; Koch, H. M.] Inst Ruhr Univ Bochum IPA, Inst Prevent & Occupat Med, German Social Accid Insurance, Bochum, Germany. RP Christensen, KLY (reprint author), 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mailcode 8623P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Christensen.Krista@epa.gov RI Koslitz, Stephan/C-4221-2012; Koch, Holger/B-3277-2011; Bruning, Thomas/G-8120-2015 OI Koslitz, Stephan/0000-0003-3378-6241; Koch, Holger/0000-0002-8328-2837; Bruning, Thomas/0000-0001-9560-5464 NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 50 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2012.09.002 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 048PR UT WOS:000311924900002 PM 23026348 ER PT J AU Templer, PH Pinder, RW Goodale, CL AF Templer, Pamela H. Pinder, Robert W. Goodale, Christine L. TI Effects of nitrogen deposition on greenhouse-gas fluxes for forests and grasslands of North America SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; REACTIVE NITROGEN; EMISSIONS; OZONE; SOILS; ECOSYSTEMS; SATURATION; IMPACTS; TRENDS AB Human activities have substantially elevated the atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen (N) onto terrestrial ecosystems of North America. Some of this N can stimulate carbon (C) storage in terrestrial ecosystems, but the fertilization effect of added N can be diminished by elevated concentrations of tropospheric ozone (O-3) and by chronically high N deposition. In this review, we discuss spatial patterns and effects of N deposition and tropospheric O-3 on net greenhouse-gas fluxes in North American forest and grassland ecosystems. While projected rates of ammonia emissions and deposition are expected to remain unchanged, projected declines in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions within the US will likely lead to reductions in total N deposition and O-3. The net effect of these changes in N deposition onto forests and grasslands will likely initiate declines in C sequestration attributed to N deposition over the next 40 years. Front Ecol Environ 2012; 10(10): 547-553, doi:10.1890/120055 C1 [Templer, Pamela H.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Pinder, Robert W.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Goodale, Christine L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Templer, PH (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biol, 5 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ptempler@bu.edu RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011 OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126 FU NSF DEB [1149929]; NSF AGS [1021613] FX We thank W Post, C Olson, and S Juice for helpful comments on previous versions of this manuscript. Although this manuscript has been reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it does not reflect official agency views or policies. Grant No. 1149929 from the NSF DEB (Templer) and No. 1021613 from the NSF AGS (Goodale) Programs provided partial support to the authors during the writing of this paper. NR 57 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 11 U2 126 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 10 IS 10 SI SI BP 547 EP 553 DI 10.1890/120055 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 049KT UT WOS:000311982600006 ER PT J AU Ghasemizadeh, R Hellweger, F Butscher, C Padilla, I Vesper, D Field, M Alshawabkeh, A AF Ghasemizadeh, Reza Hellweger, Ferdinand Butscher, Christoph Padilla, Ingrid Vesper, Dorothy Field, Malcolm Alshawabkeh, Akram TI Review: Groundwater flow and transport modeling of karst aquifers, with particular reference to the North Coast Limestone aquifer system of Puerto Rico SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Karst; Groundwater flow; Contaminant transport modeling; Puerto Rico (USA) ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; FRACTURED POROUS-MEDIA; SOLUTE-TRANSPORT; FLUID-FLOW; 3-DIMENSIONAL NETWORKS; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SPRING HYDROGRAPHS; EXCHANGE FLOW; CONDUIT FLOW AB Karst systems have a high degree of heterogeneity and anisotropy, which makes them behave very differently from other aquifers. Slow seepage through the rock matrix and fast flow through conduits and fractures result in a high variation in spring response to precipitation events. Contaminant storage occurs in the rock matrix and epikarst, but contaminant transport occurs mostly along preferential pathways that are typically inaccessible locations, which makes modeling of karst systems challenging. Computer models for understanding and predicting hydraulics and contaminant transport in aquifers make assumptions about the distribution and hydraulic properties of geologic features that may not always apply to karst aquifers. This paper reviews the basic concepts, mathematical descriptions, and modeling approaches for karst systems. The North Coast Limestone aquifer system of Puerto Rico (USA) is introduced as a case study to illustrate and discuss the application of groundwater models in karst aquifer systems to evaluate aquifer contamination. C1 [Ghasemizadeh, Reza; Hellweger, Ferdinand; Butscher, Christoph; Alshawabkeh, Akram] Northeastern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Padilla, Ingrid] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Civil Engn & Surveying, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Vesper, Dorothy] W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Field, Malcolm] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ghasemizadeh, R (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM r.ghasemizadeh@neu.edu OI Field, Malcolm/0000-0002-8350-417X FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42ES017198] FX Support of the work described is provided through Award Number P42ES017198 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to the PROTECT research project. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views or policies of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Institutes of Health, or the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 147 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 12 U2 114 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1441 EP 1461 DI 10.1007/s10040-012-0897-4 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 050RT UT WOS:000312072400002 PM 23645996 ER PT J AU Byappanahalli, MN Nevers, MB Korajkic, A Staley, ZR Harwood, VJ AF Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Nevers, Meredith B. Korajkic, Asja Staley, Zachery R. Harwood, Valerie J. TI Enterococci in the Environment SO MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; SURFACE PROTEIN ESP; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE PATTERNS; WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; MARINE PHAGOTROPHIC PROTOZOA C1 [Staley, Zachery R.; Harwood, Valerie J.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.; Nevers, Meredith B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN USA. [Korajkic, Asja] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Harwood, VJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM vharwood@usf.edu OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734 FU The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development; U.S. Geological Survey Ocean Research Priorities Plan FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, partially funded and collaborated in the research described here; it has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. This work was funded in part by the U.S. Geological Survey Ocean Research Priorities Plan. NR 366 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 7 U2 111 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1092-2172 EI 1098-5557 J9 MICROBIOL MOL BIOL R JI Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 76 IS 4 BP 685 EP 706 DI 10.1128/MMBR.00023-12 PG 22 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 048FH UT WOS:000311895200001 PM 23204362 ER PT J AU Weber, N Halpin, C Hannah, LC Jez, JM Kough, J Parrott, W AF Weber, Natalie Halpin, Claire Hannah, L. Curtis Jez, Joseph M. Kough, John Parrott, Wayne TI Editor's Choice: Crop Genome Plasticity and Its Relevance to Food and Feed Safety of Genetically Engineered Breeding Stacks SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; STRAND BREAK REPAIR; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; GENE DUPLICATION; TISSUE-CULTURE; PLANT GENOMES; GLYCINE-MAX; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; DIRECTED EVOLUTION C1 [Weber, Natalie] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [Halpin, Claire] Univ Dundee, Div Plant Sci, James Hutton Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Hannah, L. Curtis] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jez, Joseph M.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Kough, John] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Parrott, Wayne] Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Weber, N (reprint author), Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. OI Halpin, Claire/0000-0002-1808-8130 NR 146 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 160 IS 4 BP 1842 EP 1853 DI 10.1104/pp.112.204271 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 049QJ UT WOS:000311998200015 PM 23060369 ER PT J AU Meng, QY Williams, R Pinto, JP AF Meng, Qingyu Williams, Ronald Pinto, Joseph P. TI Determinants of the associations between ambient concentrations and personal exposures to ambient PM2.5, NO2, and O-3 during DEARS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PM2.5; O-3; NO2; Exposure of ambient origin; Time activity patterns; Air exchange rates ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; INDOOR; OUTDOOR; HEALTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POLLUTANTS; PARTICLES; IMPACT; LEVEL AB Personal total exposure (E-t) is composed of exposure to pollutants of ambient origin (E-a) and nonambient origin (E-na), both of which are associated with health effects. However, E-a is more relevant for estimating the health effects associated with ambient air pollutants. Associations between E-a and ambient concentrations (C-a) were examined for different subpopulations in the Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS). First, E-a was estimated for PM2.5, NO2, and O-3. The associations between C-a and E-a were then characterized with mixed effect models. C-a served as a good surrogate for E-a for PM2.5 in both summer (slope = 0.80) and winter (slope = 0.55), but only in summer for O-3 and NO2 (slope = 0.13 for NO2, and slope = 0.03 for O-3). The effects of exposure determinants on E-a-C-a associations were examined using mixed effect models. Exposure determinants examined include personal activities, building and household characteristics and ambient apparent temperature (AT). The strength of associations between C-a and E-a differed between that for the entire study population and different subpopulations, which in turn differed from each other. Personal activities and building characteristics significantly affected the E-a-C-a associations through modifying the air exchange rate (AER). C-a was not a significant indicator of E-a for O-3 and NO2 for homes with central AC or with windows closed. Ambient AT affected the E-a-C-a associations through modifying both AER and personal activities. The fraction of daily time spent outdoors peaked (6%) at about 22 degrees C, and monotonically decreased when ambient AT departed from 22 degrees C. Adequate accounting for the effects of exposure determinants on the E-a-C-a associations will lead to a better understanding of the E-a-C-a associations and of the uncertainties associated with using ambient concentrations as surrogates for personal exposures of ambient origin. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pinto, Joseph P.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Meng, Qingyu] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Williams, Ronald] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pinto, JP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Pinto.joseph@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [68-D-00-012, EP-D-04-068, 68-D-00-206, EP-05-D-065]; USEPA NCEA-ORISE FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and conducted the research described here under contract 68-D-00-012 (RTI International), EP-D-04-068 (Battelle Columbus Laboratory), 68-D-00-206 and EP-05-D-065 (Alion Science and Technology). Partial funding was also provided by the USEPA NCEA-ORISE agreement. The information in this document has been subjected to review by the National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors furthermore declare they have no conflict of interest. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 55 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 63 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.019 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 044XO UT WOS:000311658700013 ER PT J AU Kinsey, JS Touati, A Yelverton, TLB Aurell, J Cho, SH Linak, WP Gullett, BK AF Kinsey, John S. Touati, Abderrahmane Yelverton, Tiffany L. B. Aurell, Johanna Cho, Seung-Hyun Linak, William P. Gullett, Brian K. TI Emissions characterization of residential wood-fired hydronic heater technologies SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Residential wood-fired hydronic heaters; Thermal efficiency; Gaseous emissions; Particle emissions ID PHYSICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; COMBUSTION; BOILERS AB Residential wood-fired hydronic heaters (RWHHs) can negatively impact the local ambient air quality and thus are an environmental concern in wood burning areas of the U. S. Only a few studies have been conducted which characterize the emissions from RWHHs. To address the lack of emissions data, a study was conducted on four appliances of differing design using multiple fuel types to determine their thermal, boiler, and combustion efficiency as well as the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (THC), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), total particulate matter (PM) mass, and particle number as well as particle size distribution (PSD). Three of these appliances were fired with split-log cordwood with the fourth unit using hardwood pellets. The measured thermal efficiencies for the appliances tested varied from 22 to 44% and the combustion efficiencies from 81 to 98%. Depending on appliance and fuel type, the emission factors ranged from about 1300 to 1800 g kg(-1) dry fuel for CO2, 8-190 g kg(-1) dry fuel for CO, <1-54 g kg(-1) dry fuel for THC and 6-120 mg kg(-1) for N2O. For the particle phase pollutants, the PM mass emission factors ranged from 0.31 to 47 g kg(-1) dry fuel and the PM number emission factors from 8.5 x 10(10) to 2.4 x 10(14) particles kg(-1) dry fuel, also depending on the appliance and fuel tested. The PSD for all four appliances indicated a well established accumulation mode with evidence of a nucleation mode present for Appliances A and B. The average median aerodynamic particle diameters observed for the four appliances ranged from 84 to 187 nm while burning red oak or pellets. In general, the pellet-burning appliance had the highest overall operating efficiency and lowest emissions of the four units tested. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kinsey, John S.; Aurell, Johanna] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Touati, Abderrahmane] ARCADIS US Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Cho, Seung-Hyun] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Oak Ridge Inst Sci Educt, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kinsey, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Natl Res Council, MD E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kinsey.john@epa.gov; dahman.touati@arcadis-us.com; yelverton.tiffany@epa.gov; aurell.johanna@epa.gov; scho@rti.org; linak.bill@epa.gov; gullet.brian@epa.gov RI Kinsey, John/A-8335-2009; Aurell, Johanna/L-2046-2013 FU New York State Energy Research and Development Authority [10665] FX Major financial support for this project was provided by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority under Contract No. 10665 (Ellen Burkhard, Project Manager). We would also like to thank Brookhaven National Laboratories (T. Butcher) for assistance with the heat load calculations. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 63 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.08.064 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 044XO UT WOS:000311658700025 ER PT J AU Mohapatra, DP Brar, SK Tyagi, RD Picard, P Surampalli, RY AF Mohapatra, D. P. Brar, S. K. Tyagi, R. D. Picard, P. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Partial ozonation pre-treatment for sludge solubilization and simultaneous degradation of bisphenol A: quantification studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bisphenol A; ozonation; solubilization; surface response methodology; wastewater sludge ID WASTE ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; WATER SLUDGE; OZONE; OXIDATION AB Ozonation pre-treatment was investigated for the enhancement of sludge solids and organic matter solubilization and simultaneous degradation of bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor compound from wastewater sludge (WWS). The ultrafast method (15 s per sample) used for the analysis of BPA in WWS is based on Laser Diode Thermal Desorption/Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry. The statistical methods used for optimization studies comprised the response surface method with fractional factorial designs and central composite designs. The ozonation pre-treatment process was carried out with four independent variables, namely WWS solids concentration (1535 g l -1), pH (57), ozone dose (525 mg g -1 SS) and ozonation time (1030 min). It was observed that among all the variables studied, ozone dose had more significantly (probability (p)<0.001) affected the efficiency of the ozonation pre-treatment by increasing sludge solids (suspended solids (SS) and volatile solids) solubilization and organic matter (soluble chemical oxygen demand and soluble organic carbon) increment and BPA degradation from WWS. During the optimization process, it was found that higher BPA degradation (100%) could be obtained with 24 g l -1 SS, 6.23 pH with an ozone dose of 26.14 mg g -1 SS for 16.47 min ozonation time. The higher ozone dose used in this study was observed to be cost effective on the basis of solids and organic matter solubilization and degradation of BPA. C1 [Mohapatra, D. P.; Brar, S. K.; Tyagi, R. D.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, MO USA. [Picard, P.] Phytronix Technol, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. RP Brar, SK (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. EM satinder.brar@ete.inrs.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [355254]; Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), Quebec; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Phytronix Technologies, Quebec FX The authors are thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grant 355254) for financial support. Thanks to the Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), Quebec, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and Phytronix Technologies, Quebec for providing a Ph.D. scholarship (BMP Innovation) to D.P. Mohapatra. The views or opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as opinions of the U.S. EPA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 40 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3330 J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL JI Environ. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 33 IS 24 BP 2699 EP 2708 DI 10.1080/09593330.2012.676074 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 048WK UT WOS:000311943700003 PM 23437671 ER PT J AU Vaddula, BR Saha, A Varma, RS Leazer, J AF Vaddula, Buchi Reddy Saha, Amit Varma, Rajender S. Leazer, John TI Tsuji-Trost N-Allylation with Allylic Acetates by Using a Cellulose-Palladium Catalyst SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Allylic compounds; Amines; Allylation; Palladium; Heterogeneous catalysis ID AQUEOUS-PHASE CATALYSTS; BETA-AMINO ACIDS; ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS; ALKYLATIONS; (-)-STRYCHNINE; NANOPARTICLES; ROSEOPHILIN AB Allylic amines were synthesized by a simple procedure using a biodegradable and easily recyclable heterogeneous cellulosePd catalyst through N-allylation of primary and secondary amines. The scope of this protocol includes aliphatic and benzylamines with substituted and unsubstituted allyl acetates and culminates in high yield syntheses. The highlights of the protocol include a ligand-free reaction, simple workup, and catalyst recyclability. C1 [Vaddula, Buchi Reddy; Saha, Amit; Varma, Rajender S.; Leazer, John] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov; Leazer.John@epa.gov FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory FX B. R. V. and A. S. are supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 35 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-193X J9 EUR J ORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Org. Chem. PD DEC PY 2012 IS 34 BP 6707 EP 6709 DI 10.1002/ejoc.201201241 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 041FT UT WOS:000311384800005 ER PT J AU Vaddula, BR Varma, RS Leazer, J AF Vaddula, Buchi Reddy Varma, Rajender S. Leazer, John TI One-Pot Catalyst-Free Synthesis of beta- and gamma-Hydroxy Sulfides Using Diaryliodonium Salts and Microwave Irradiation SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Iodine; Cross-coupling; Sulfur; Microwave chemistry; Thionation ID ARYL THIOCYANATES; BOND FORMATION; METAL-FREE; ARYLATION; INHIBITORS; EPOXIDES; ALCOHOLS; ANALOGS; THIOLS; ACID AB A simple and rapid one-pot protocol is described for the preparation of alpha- and beta-hydroxy sulfides. The direct solvent-free microwave irradiation of diaryliodonium salts, potassium thiocyanate, and ethylene glycol/beta-propylene glycol without any catalyst or base affords the final compounds in good yields (65-95%) in around 10-25 min. C1 [Vaddula, Buchi Reddy; Varma, Rajender S.; Leazer, John] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov; Leazer.John@epa.gov FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory FX B. R. V. is supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U. S. Department of Energy and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-193X J9 EUR J ORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Org. Chem. PD DEC PY 2012 IS 35 BP 6852 EP 6855 DI 10.1002/ejoc.201201313 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 050EM UT WOS:000312035900004 ER PT J AU Shaffer, JM Beaulieu, JJ AF Shaffer, Jared M. Beaulieu, Jake J. TI Calibration of the Odyssey (TM) Photosynthetic Irradiance Recorder (TM) for absolute irradiance measures SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calibration; irradiance recorder; methodology; PAR; photosynthesis AB The Odyssey (TM) Photosynthetic Irradiance Recorder (TM) is an affordable photosynthetically-active radiation (PAR) meter gaining popularity among aquatic ecologists. A survey of the literature revealed that the instrument is frequently being used for absolute measures of PAR, although its design was intended for relative measures only. Unlike more expensive PAR meters, the Odyssey (TM) Recorder must be user calibrated. We found the suggested two-point calibration procedure could produce inaccuracies ranging from less than 1% to greater than 300%. The calibration procedure is therefore not suitable for absolute measures or for comparison studies. We recommend a revised calibration procedure that is unaffected by short-term fluctuations in solar intensity. Furthermore, this procedure yields a calibration factor and standard error. Accuracy is critical for investigations which seek to compare PAR measurements made with multiple sensors or to build quantitative relationships between processes and PAR. C1 [Shaffer, Jared M.] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Shaffer, Jared M.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Beaulieu, Jake J.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. RP Shaffer, JM (reprint author), Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, 46 E Hollister St, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. EM shaffer.396@osu.edu OI Shaffer, Jared/0000-0002-9990-7002 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 4 BP 599 EP 605 DI 10.1080/02705060.2012.711259 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 046SZ UT WOS:000311786000012 ER PT J AU Dellarco, V Fenner-Crisp, PA AF Dellarco, Vicki Fenner-Crisp, Penelope A. TI Mode of Action: Moving toward a More Relevant and Efficient Assessment Paradigm SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on the Assessment of Adequate and Safe Intake of Dietary Amino Acids CY NOV 10-11, 2011 CL undefined, WA ID CARCINOGENIC MODES; IPCS FRAMEWORK; LIVER-TUMORS; INFORMATION; HUMANS AB To advance the utility and predictability of safety evaluation, an integrated approach that relies on all existing knowledge to understand how agents perturb normal biological function or structure is needed to progress more focused evaluation strategies. The mode of action (MOA)-human relevance framework developed by the International Program for Chemical Safety and The International Life Sciences Institute provides a useful analytical approach where different lines of evidence (e.g., in vitro, in vivo) can be organized, linked, and integrated at different levels of biological organization into a more efficient, hypothesis-driven approach to safety evaluation. This framework provides a weight-of-evidence approach based on considerations for causality (as originally articulated by Bradford Hill), including dose response and temporal concordance, consistency, specificity, and biological plausibility and coherence. Once an animal MOA and its key events are established, qualitative and quantitative comparisons between experimental animals and humans are made based on the key events. This comparison enables a conclusion as to whether the MOA is likely operative in humans and, if so, whether it can result in a more refined hazard and dose-response assessment. This framework provides an important tool to promote and formalize the use of MOA data in safety evaluation regardless of whether the information comes from traditional or novel approaches, such as those recommended by the NRC in its 2007 report "Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century," which recommends moving away from traditional approaches of measuring adverse endpoints by using newer technologies to identify ways agents may considerably perturb cellular pathways to produce their toxicity. J. Nutr. 142: 2192S-2198S, 2012. C1 [Dellarco, Vicki] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Dellarco, V (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Dellarco.vicki@epa.gov FU International Life Sciences Institute Research Foundation FX Published in a supplement to The Journal of Nutrition. Presented at the 8th Workshop on the Assessment of Adequate and Safe Intake of Dietary Amino Acids, held in Washington, DC, November 10-11, 2011. The conference was sponsored by the International Life Sciences Institute Research Foundation. The Organizing Committee for the workshop included Sidney M. Morris Jr, Dennis M. Bier, Luc A. Cynober, Motoni Kadowaki, and Andrew G. Renwick. The views expressed in these papers are not necessarily those of the Supplement Coordinator or Guest Editors. The Supplement Coordinator for this supplement was D'Ann Finley, University California, Davis. Supplement Coordinator disclosures: D'Ann Finley received travel support and compensation from ICAAS for editorial services provided for this supplement publication. The supplement is the responsibility of the Guest Editor to whom the Editor of The Journal of Nutrition has delegated supervision of both technical conformity to the published regulations of The Journal of Nutrition and general oversight of the scientific merit of each article. The Guest Editor for this supplement was Harry Dawson. Guest Editor disclosure: Harry Dawson had no conflicts to disclose. Publication costs for this supplement were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This publication must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not attributable to the sponsors or the Publisher, Editor, or Editorial Board of The Journal of Nutrition. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 142 IS 12 BP 2192S EP 2198S DI 10.3945/jn.111.157396 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 044XK UT WOS:000311658300018 PM 23096006 ER PT J AU Klinefelter, GR Laskey, JW Winnik, WM Suarez, JD Roberts, NL Strader, LF Riffle, BW Veeramachaneni, DNR AF Klinefelter, Gary R. Laskey, John W. Winnik, Witold M. Suarez, Juan D. Roberts, Naomi L. Strader, Lillian F. Riffle, Brandy W. Veeramachaneni, D. N. Rao TI Novel molecular targets associated with testicular dysgenesis induced by gestational exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate in the rat: a role for estradiol SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; HUMAN FETAL TESTIS; DOSE-DEPENDENT ALTERATIONS; LEYDIG-CELL AGGREGATION; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; N-BUTYL PHTHALATE; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; GENE-EXPRESSION; TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION AB Significant research has been focused on phthalate-induced alterations in male reproductive development. Studies on rodents have prompted the notion that a syndrome exists in the human male which includes phenotypic alterations such as hypospadias, cryptorchidism, poor semen quality, and even testicular cancer. Each phenotype in this 'testicular dysgenesis syndrome' is predicated on reduction in testosterone production by the fetal Leydig cell. We sought to examine the relationship between dysgenesis and steroidogenic capacity in the fetal rat testis more stringently by incorporating lower exposures than those typically used, conducting a comprehensive, non-targeted quantitative evaluation of the fetal testis proteome, and relating alterations in individual proteins to the capacity of the fetal Leydig cell to produce testosterone, and histopathology of the fetal testis. Pregnant dams were dosed orally from gestation day (GD) 13-19 with 0, 10, or 100 mg diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)/kg body weight per day. Each endpoint was represented by 16 l. Clustering of Leydig cells occurred before any significant decrease in the capacity of the GD19 Leydig cell to produce testosterone. At 100 mg DEHP/kg, testosterone production was reduced significantly, Leydig cell clusters became quite large, and additional dysgenetic changes were observed in the fetal testis. Of 23 proteins whose expression was altered significantly at both DEHP exposure levels, seven were found to be correlated with and predictive of the quantified endpoints. None of these proteins have been previously implicated with DEHP exposure. Notably, pathway analysis revealed that these seven proteins fit a pathway network in which each is regulated directly or indirectly by estradiol. Reproduction (2012) 144 747-761 C1 [Klinefelter, Gary R.; Laskey, John W.; Suarez, Juan D.; Roberts, Naomi L.; Strader, Lillian F.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Toxicol Assessment Div,Reprod Toxicol Fac, Reprod Toxicol Branch,Natl Hlth & Environm Effect, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Winnik, Witold M.] Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Prote Res Core, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Riffle, Brandy W.] Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Toxicol Assessment Div, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Facil, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Veeramachaneni, D. N. Rao] Colorado State Univ, Anim Reprod & Biotechnol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Klinefelter, GR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Toxicol Assessment Div,Reprod Toxicol Fac, Reprod Toxicol Branch,Natl Hlth & Environm Effect, MD 72, Durham, NC 27713 USA. EM klinefelter.gary@epa.gov NR 58 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 14 PU BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD DEC PY 2012 VL 144 IS 6 BP 747 EP 761 DI 10.1530/REP-12-0266 PG 15 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 045NA UT WOS:000311702300010 PM 23041508 ER EF