FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Preston, RJ AF Preston, R. Julian TI INTEGRATING BASIC RADIOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES: WHY AND HOW SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; biological indicators; epidemiology; risk analysis ID DOSE-RESPONSE; IONIZING-RADIATION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; KEY EVENTS; INCIDENCE CURVES; HEALTH-RISKS; CANCER-RISKS; EXPOSURE; MODE; CHILDHOOD AB There is quite an extensive set of epidemiology studies conducted for a range of different radiation exposure scenarios and in some cases at doses that can be considered to be in the low dose range (< 100 mGy). In addition, there is an extensive literature on the effects of radiation at animal and cellular levels, as well as expanding knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of disease formation (both cancer and non-cancer). A significant concern is that these two areas of study have been linked rarely to support each other-to enhance low dose/low dose-rate extrapolation and reduction of uncertainty in risk estimates. Research should provide specific types of data to support the epidemiology and thereby enhance the radiation risk assessment process. Such an approach is one that can be adapted from that used for chemical exposures. It is based on the concept of adverse outcome pathways for the formation of adverse health outcomes. The adverse outcome pathway conceptual framework is considered to be a logical sequence of events (so-called key events) or processes within biological systems that can be used to understand adverse effects and refine the current risk assessment practice. This approach, which has only been used currently for chemicals, shifts the risk assessment focus from traditional apical endpoints (e.g., cancer and cardiovascular disease) to the development of a mechanistic understanding of effects at a molecular and cellular level. The need is to further the knowledge of the key events in radiation-induced diseases and to provide information on the dose and dose-rate response for these. It is proposed that the key-event approach be used in conjunction with enhanced radiation epidemiology data to reduce overall uncertainty in low dose/low dose-rate cancer and non-cancer risk estimates. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Preston, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM preston.julian@epa.gov NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 108 IS 2 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1097/HP.0000000000000224 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AX6YN UT WOS:000347064100007 PM 25551492 ER PT J AU Simon, SL Braby, LA Chang, PY Goodhead, DT Hora, S Kocher, DC Mabuchi, K Puskin, JS Richardson, D Rosenstein, M Tucker, J Vano, E AF Simon, Steven L. Braby, Leslie A. Chang, Polly Y. Goodhead, Dudley T. Hora, Stephen Kocher, David C. Mabuchi, Kiyohiko Puskin, Jerome S. Richardson, David Rosenstein, Marvin Tucker, James Vano, Eliseo TI BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF PHOTONS AND ELECTRONS AS A FUNCTION OF ENERGY SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; cancer; radiation risk; relative biological effectiveness C1 [Simon, Steven L.; Mabuchi, Kiyohiko] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Braby, Leslie A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chang, Polly Y.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Goodhead, Dudley T.] MRC, Harwell OX11 0RD, Berks, England. [Hora, Stephen] Univ So Calif, Ctr Risk & Econ Anal Terrorism Events, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kocher, David C.] Oak Ridge Ctr Risk Anal, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Puskin, Jerome S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Richardson, David] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Tucker, James] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Vano, Eliseo] Univ Complutense, Dept Radiol, Sch Med, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Simon, SL (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ssimon@mail.nih.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 108 IS 2 BP 143 EP 144 DI 10.1097/HP.0000000000000256 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AX6YN UT WOS:000347064100009 PM 25551494 ER PT J AU Boyd, MA AF Boyd, Michael A. TI US RADIATION PROTECTION: ROLE OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR COLLABORATION (HARMONY, NOT DISSONANCE) SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; International Commission on Radiological Protection; radiation protection; safety standards AB For much of the 20th century, U.S. radiation protection policies were similar to those elsewhere in the world, in large part because the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) were closely aligned. In the 1970s, several U.S. regulations were released at about the same time as the 1977 recommendations from ICRP. The regulatory development process in the United States can be lengthy with ample opportunities for public involvement. While such deliberation is essential and beneficial, the rulemaking process does not lend itself to making frequent technical updates to rules. For this reason, many of the current radiation protection regulations in the United States are out of step with current recommendations of the ICRP and NCRP. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency are considering updates to important radiation protection regulations. These regulatory development actions could present the United States with an opportunity for incorporating the latest science into the U.S. system of radiation protection and provide for consideration of the latest recommendations of ICRP and NCRP. In particular, a revision of the recommendations in NCRP Report No. 116 (Limitation of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation) could provide U.S. agencies with useful advice to be considered in these rulemakings. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Boyd, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Ariel Rios Bldg,Mail Code 6608J,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM boyd.mike@epa.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 108 IS 2 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1097/HP.0000000000000236 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AX6YN UT WOS:000347064100024 PM 25551510 ER PT J AU Cyphert, JM Carlin, DJ Nyska, A Schladweiler, MC Ledbetter, AD Shannahan, JH Kodavanti, UP Gavett, SH AF Cyphert, Jaime M. Carlin, Danielle J. Nyska, Abraham Schladweiler, Mette C. Ledbetter, Allen D. Shannahan, Jonathan H. Kodavanti, Urmila P. Gavett, Stephen H. TI Comparative Long-Term Toxicity of Libby Amphibole and Amosite Asbestos in Rats After Single or Multiple Intratracheal Exposures SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID FISCHER-344 RATS; MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA; MONTANA; VERMICULITE; DISEASE; LUNG; FERROACTINOLITE; CARCINOGENICITY; INSTILLATION; INHALATION AB In former mine workers of Libby, MT, exposure to amphibole-containing vermiculite was linked to increased rates of asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. Although many studies showed adverse effects following exposure to Libby amphibole (LA; a mixture of winchite, richterite, and tremolite), little is known regarding the relative toxicity of LA compared to regulated asbestos, or regarding the risks associated with acute high-dose exposures relative to repeated low-dose exposures. In this study, pulmonary function, inflammation, and pathology were assessed after single or multiple intratracheal (IT) exposures of LA or a well-characterized amosite (AM) control fiber with equivalent fiber characteristics. Male F344 rats were exposed to an equivalent total mass dose (0.15, 0.5, 1.5, or 5 mg/rat) of LA or AM administered either as a single IT instillation, or as multiple IT instillations given every other week over a 13-wk period, and necropsied up to 20 mo after the initial IT. When comparing the two fiber types, in both studies LA resulted in greater acute neutrophilic inflammation and cellular toxicity than equal doses of AM, but long-term histopathological changes were approximately equivalent between fibers, suggesting that LA is at least as toxic as AM. In addition, although no dose-response relationship was discerned, mesothelioma or lung carcinomas were found after exposure to low and high dose levels of LA or AM in both studies. Conversely, when comparing studies, an equal mass dose given over multiple exposures instead of a single bolus resulted in greater chronic pathological changes in lung at lower doses, despite the initially weaker acute inflammatory response. Overall, these results suggest that there is a possibility of greater long-term pathological changes with repeated lower LA dose exposures, which more accurately simulates chronic environmental exposures. C1 [Cyphert, Jaime M.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cyphert, Jaime M.; Carlin, Danielle J.; Nyska, Abraham] NIEHS, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Nyska, Abraham] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, Timrat, Israel. [Schladweiler, Mette C.; Ledbetter, Allen D.; Kodavanti, Urmila P.; Gavett, Stephen H.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Shannahan, Jonathan H.] Univ Colorado, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Aurora, CO USA. RP Gavett, SH (reprint author), US EPA, DABT, Mail Drop B105-02,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Gavett.stephen@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA/University of North Carolina Toxicology Research Program Training Agreement [CR 933237, 83515201-0] FX This work was supported by a U.S. EPA/University of North Carolina Toxicology Research Program Training Agreement (CR 933237 and 83515201-0). The authors thank Judy Richards for assistance with biochemical analysis, and Drs. David Berry, Ian Gilmour, Maureen Gwinn, Gary Hatch, and Ronald Hines for manuscript review. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD FEB 1 PY 2015 VL 78 IS 3 BP 151 EP 165 DI 10.1080/15287394.2014.947455 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AW5YC UT WOS:000346345800001 PM 25506632 ER PT J AU Hu, L Montzka, SA Miller, JB Andrews, AE Lehman, SJ Miller, BR Thoning, K Sweeney, C Chen, HL Godwin, DS Masarie, K Bruhwiler, L Fischer, ML Biraud, SC Torn, MS Mountain, M Nehrkorn, T Eluszkiewicz, J Miller, S Draxler, RR Stein, AF Hall, BD Elkins, JW Tans, PP AF Hu, Lei Montzka, Stephen A. Miller, John B. Andrews, Aryln E. Lehman, Scott J. Miller, Benjamin R. Thoning, Kirk Sweeney, Colm Chen, Huilin Godwin, David S. Masarie, Kenneth Bruhwiler, Lori Fischer, Marc L. Biraud, Sebastien C. Torn, Margaret S. Mountain, Marikate Nehrkorn, Thomas Eluszkiewicz, Janusz Miller, Scot Draxler, Roland R. Stein, Ariel F. Hall, Bradley D. Elkins, James W. Tans, Pieter P. TI US emissions of HFC-134a derived for 2008-2012 from an extensive flask-air sampling network SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE HFC-134a; emissions; inverse modeling; atmosphere based; US ID ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; EUROPEAN EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT MODELS; GLOBAL EMISSIONS; INVERSION METHOD; UNITED-STATES; STILT MODEL; PART 1; CO2; PERSPECTIVE AB U.S. national and regional emissions of HFC-134a are derived for 2008-2012 based on atmospheric observations from ground and aircraft sites across the U.S. and a newly developed regional inverse model. Synthetic data experiments were first conducted to optimize the model assimilation design and to assess model-data mismatch errors and prior flux error covariances computed using a maximum likelihood estimation technique. The synthetic data experiments also tested the sensitivity of derived national and regional emissions to a range of assumed prior emissions, with the goal of designing a system that was minimally reliant on the prior. We then explored the influence of additional sources of error in inversions with actual observations, such as those associated with background mole fractions and transport uncertainties. Estimated emissions of HFC-134a range from 52 to 61 Gg yr(-1) for the contiguous U.S. during 2008-2012 for inversions using air transport from Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model driven by the 12km resolution meteorogical data from North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM12) and all tested combinations of prior emissions and background mole fractions. Estimated emissions for 2008-2010 were 20% lower when specifying alternative transport from Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model driven by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorology. Our estimates (for HYSPLIT-NAM12) are consistent with annual emissions reported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the full study interval. The results suggest a 10-20% drop in U.S. national HFC-134a emission in 2009 coincident with a reduction in transportation-related fossil fuel CO2 emissions, perhaps related to the economic recession. All inversions show seasonal variation in national HFC-134a emissions in all years, with summer emissions greater than winter emissions by 20-50%. C1 [Hu, Lei; Miller, John B.; Miller, Benjamin R.; Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hu, Lei; Montzka, Stephen A.; Miller, John B.; Andrews, Aryln E.; Miller, Benjamin R.; Thoning, Kirk; Sweeney, Colm; Masarie, Kenneth; Bruhwiler, Lori; Hall, Bradley D.; Elkins, James W.; Tans, Pieter P.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lehman, Scott J.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chen, Huilin] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. [Godwin, David S.] US EPA, Alternat & Emiss Reduct Branch, Stratospher Protect Div, Off Atmospher Programs,Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Fischer, Marc L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Biraud, Sebastien C.; Torn, Margaret S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mountain, Marikate; Nehrkorn, Thomas; Eluszkiewicz, Janusz] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA USA. [Miller, Scot] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Draxler, Roland R.; Stein, Ariel F.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. RP Hu, L (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM lei.hu@colorado.edu; stephen.a.montzka@noaa.gov RI Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Chen, Huilin/J-9479-2012; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013 OI Chen, Huilin/0000-0002-1573-6673; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Nehrkorn, Thomas/0000-0003-0637-3468; Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X FU NOAA Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) program - North American Carbon Program; California Energy Commission; California Air Resources Board [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NOAA's Climate Program Office under the CarbonTracker-Lagrange project FX This work was performed while one of us (LH) was a National Research Council postdoctoral fellow and was funded in part by NOAA Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) program in support of the North American Carbon Program. Flask sampling at the WGC and STR towers were partially supported by a California Energy Commission and the California Air Resources Board grants to LBNL under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, while aircraft sampling above the SGP site was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program and Office of Biological and Environmental Research, both underx U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. WRF-STILT runs were supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office under the CarbonTracker-Lagrange project. This inversion analysis was conducted using the high performance computing system in the NOAA Environmental Security Computing Center, located in Fairmont, West Virginia, USA. We thank A. Jacobson and S. Basu for useful discussions related to inversion problems. We thank C. Siso, D. Mondeel, P. M. Lang, J. Higgs, M. Crotwell, S. Wolter, D. Neff, J. Kofler, and others involved with flask analysis and the large team of collaborators associated with operation, maintenance, and logistics of NOAA's Cooperative U.S.- and global-scale Greenhouse Gas Reference flask sampling networks. Measured atmospheric mole fractions of HFC-134a and calculated footprints used in this analysis can be downloaded at NOAA/ESRL/GMD website (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/gases/HFC134a.html). NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 2 BP 801 EP 825 DI 10.1002/2014JD022617 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CC1QQ UT WOS:000350117100026 ER PT J AU Willson, SA AF Willson, Stuart A. TI Investigation of the Persistence of Nerve Agent Degradation Analytes on Surfaces through Wipe Sampling and Detection with Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; PESTICIDES; MATRICES; SARIN; FATE; VX AB The persistence of chemical warfare nerve agent degradation analytes on surfaces is important, from indicating the presence of nerve agent on a surface to guiding environmental restoration of a site after a release. Persistence was investigated for several chemical warfare nerve agent degradation analytes on indoor surfaces and presents an approach for wipe sampling of surfaces, followed by wipe extraction and liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry detection. Commercially available wipe materials were investigated to determine optimal wipe recoveries. Tested surfaces included porous/permeable (vinyl tile, painted drywall, and wood) and largely nonporous/impermeable (laminate, galvanized steel, and glass) surfaces. Wipe extracts were analyzed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (UPLCMS/MS). UPLC provides a separation of targeted degradation analytes in addition to being nearly four times faster than high-performance liquid chromatography, allowing for greater throughput after a large-scale contamination incident and subsequent remediation events. Percent recoveries from nonporous/impermeable surfaces were 60103% for isopropyl methylphosphonate (IMPA), GB degradate; 6191% for ethyl methylphosphonate (EMPA), VX degradate; and 6098% for pinacolyl methylphosphonate (PMPA), GD degradate. Recovery efficiencies for methyl phosphonate (MPA), nerve agent degradate, and ethylhydrogen dimethylphosphonate (EHDMAP), GA degradate, were lower, perhaps due to matrix effects. Diisopropyl methylphosphonate, GB impurity, was not recovered from surfaces. The resulting detection limits for wipe extracts were 0.065 ng/cm(2) for IMPA, 0.079 ng/cm(2) for MPA, 0.040 ng/cm(2) for EMPA, 0.078 ng/cm(2) for EHDMAP, and 0.013 ng/cm(2) for PMPA. The data indicate that laboratories may hold wipe samples for up to 30 days prior to analysis. Target analytes were observed to persist on surfaces for at least 6 weeks. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Willson, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Willison.stuart@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through Office of Research and Development under EPA IA [DW-75-922440001-0]; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) through Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described herein under EPA IA no. DW-75-922440001-0 with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) through its Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It has been reviewed by the Agency but does not necessarily reflect the Agency's views. No official endorsement should be inferred. EPA does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 20 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 2 BP 1034 EP 1041 DI 10.1021/ac503777z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AZ6LX UT WOS:000348332300030 PM 25495198 ER PT J AU Sekine, R Brunetti, G Donner, E Khaksar, M Vasilev, K Jamting, AK Scheckel, KG Kappen, P Zhang, H Lombi, E AF Sekine, R. Brunetti, G. Donner, E. Khaksar, M. Vasilev, K. Jaemting, A. K. Scheckel, K. G. Kappen, P. Zhang, H. Lombi, E. TI Speciation and Lability of Ag-, AgCl-, and Ag2S-Nanoparticles in Soil Determined by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SILVER SULFIDE NANOPARTICLES; WASTE-WATER; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSFORMATIONS; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; IN-SITU; TOXICITY; FATE; BEHAVIOR; LIGANDS AB Long-term speciation and lability of silver (Ag-), silver chloride (AgCl-), and silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S-NPs) in soil were studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and newly developed nano Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) devices. These nano-DGT devices were designed specifically to avoid confounding effects when measuring element lability in the presence of nanoparticles. The aging profile and stabilities of the three nanoparticles and AgNO3 (ionic Ag) in soil were examined at three different soil pH values over a period of up to 7 months. Transformation of ionic Ag, Ag-NP and AgCl-NPs were dependent on pH. AgCl formation and persistence was observed under acidic conditions, whereas sulfur-bound forms of Ag dominated in neutral to alkaline soils. Ag2S-NPs were found to be very stable under all conditions tested and remained sulfur bound after 7 months of incubation. Ag lability was characteristically low in soils containing Ag2S-NPs. Other forms of Ag were linked to higher DGT-determined lability, and this varied as a function of aging and related speciation changes as determined by XAS. These results clearly indicate that Ag2S-NPs, which are the most environmentally relevant form of Ag that enter soils, are chemically stable and have profoundly low Ag lability over extended periods. This may minimize the long-term risks of Ag toxicity in the soil environment. C1 [Sekine, R.; Brunetti, G.; Donner, E.; Lombi, E.] Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia. [Khaksar, M.; Vasilev, K.] Univ S Australia, Mawson Inst, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia. [Jaemting, A. K.] Natl Measurement Inst, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia. [Scheckel, K. G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [Kappen, P.] Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Zhang, H.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. RP Sekine, R (reprint author), Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Bldg 10, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia. EM Ryo.Sekine@unisa.edu.au RI Sekine, Ryo/F-3721-2013; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Zhang, Hao/E-5375-2010; Donner, Erica/A-4809-2012; Lombi, Enzo/F-3860-2013 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Sekine, Ryo/0000-0001-9980-0603; Donner, Erica/0000-0001-6465-2233; Lombi, Enzo/0000-0003-3384-0375 FU Australian Research Council Future Fellowship [FT100100337, FT100100292, FT130101003]; Australian Research Council [DP120101115]; DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; EPA; Australian Synchrotron FX E.L., K.V., and E.D. are recipients of Australian Research Council Future Fellowship FT100100337, FT100100292, and FT130101003, respectively. The funding support from the Australian Research Council Discovery Project DP120101115 is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Dr Hamid M. Pouran for his assistance with the Nano-DGT devices. The Australian Synchrotron is acknowledged for the beamtime on the X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Beamline (AS132 XAS6663a and XAS6663b), associated travel funding, and Dr. Bernt Johannessen and Dr. Chris Glover for assistance during the beamtime. The software tool "Sakura" was developed at the Australian Synchrotron in partnership with the National eResearch Collaborative Tools and Resources (NeCTAR) project. MRCAT operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT member-institutions. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Although EPA contributed to this article, the research presented was not performed by or funded by EPA and was not subject to EPA's quality system requirements. Consequently, the views, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect or represent EPA's views or policies. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 15 U2 101 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 20 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 897 EP 905 DI 10.1021/es504229h PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AZ6LY UT WOS:000348332400026 PM 25436975 ER PT J AU Washington, JW Jenkins, TM Rankin, K Naile, JE AF Washington, John W. Jenkins, Thomas M. Rankin, Keegan Naile, Jonathan E. TI Decades-Scale Degradation of Commercial, Side-Chain, Fluorotelomer-Based Polymers in Soils and Water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SLUDGE-APPLIED SOILS; DEGRADABILITY; PERSISTENCE; ALCOHOLS; ALABAMA; DECATUR; USA AB Fluorotelomer-based polymers (FTPs) are the primary product of the fluorotelomer industry. Here we report on a 376-day study of the degradability of two commercial acrylate-linked FTPs in four saturated soils and in water. Using an exhaustive serial extraction, we report GC/MS and LC/MS/MS results for 50 species including fluorotelomer alcohols and acids, and perfluorocarboxylates. Modeling of seven sampling rounds, each consisting of >= 5 replicate microcosm treatments, for one commercial FTP in one soil yielded half-life estimates of 65-112 years and, when the other commercial FTP and soils were evaluated, the estimated half-lives ranged from 33 to 112 years. Experimental controls, consisting of commercial FTP in water, degraded roughly at the same rate as in soil. A follow-up experiment, with commercial FTP in pH 10 water, degraded roughly 10-fold faster than the circum-neutral control suggesting that commercial FTPs can undergo OH-mediated hydrolysis. 8:2Fluorotelomer alcohol generated from FTP degradation in soil was more stable than without FTP present suggesting a clathrate guest-host association with the FTP. To our knowledge, these are the only degradability-test results for commercial FTPs that have been generated using exhaustive extraction procedures. They unambiguously show that commercial FTPs, the primary product of the fluorotelomer industry, are a source of fluorotelomer and perfluorinated compounds to the environment. C1 [Washington, John W.; Naile, Jonathan E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Jenkins, Thomas M.] Senior Environm Employment Program, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Rankin, Keegan] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON 141119, Canada. RP Washington, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Washington.john@epa.gov FU USEPA Office of Research Development; Office of Pollution Prevention Toxics FX This research was funded by the USEPA Office of Research & Development and Office of Pollution Prevention & Toxics. We thank Greg Fritz, Jack Jones, Laurence Libelo, David Lynch and Eric Weber, all of the EPA, and the editor and manuscript reviewers for insightful comments. We thank Chrys Wesdemiotis (University of Akron) for the opportunity to analyze samples by MALDI-TOF. Views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the USEPA. Mention of trade names or products does not convey EPA approval, endorsement or recommendation. The authors declare no competing financial interest. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 20 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 915 EP 923 DI 10.1021/es504347u PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AZ6LY UT WOS:000348332400028 PM 25426868 ER PT J AU Watkins, AM Wood, CR Lin, MT Abbott, BD AF Watkins, Andrew M. Wood, Carmen R. Lin, Mimi T. Abbott, Barbara D. TI The effects of perfluorinated chemicals on adipocyte differentiation in vitro SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PFOA; PFNA; PFHxS; PFOS; PPAR; Adipocyte ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; PPAR-ALPHA; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; FATTY-ACIDS; MOUSE; ADIPOGENESIS; ENDOCRINE AB The 3T3-L1 preadipocyte culture system has been used to examine numerous compounds that influence adipocyte differentiation or function. The perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), used as surfactants in a variety of industrial applications, are of concern as environmental contaminants that are detected worldwide in human serum and animal tissues. This study was designed to evaluate the potential for PFAAs to affect adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation using mouse 3T3-L1 cells. Cells were treated with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (5-1001.1,M), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (5-10012M), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (50-300 iM), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) (40-250 IiM), the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) PPARa agonist Wyeth-14,643 (WY-14,643), and the PPARy agonist rosiglitazone. The PPARy agonist was included as a positive control as this pathway is critical to adipocyte differentiation. The PPARa agonist was included as the PFAA compounds are known activators of this pathway. Cells were assessed morphometrically and biochemically for number, size, and lipid content. RNA was extracted for qPCR analysis of 13 genes selected for their importance in adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. There was a significant concentration-related increase in cell number and decreased cell size after exposure to PFOA, PFHxS, PFOS, and PFNA. All four PFAA treatments produced a concentrationrelated decrease in the calculated average area occupied by lipid per cell. However, total triglyceride levels per well increased with a concentration-related trend for all compounds, likely due to the increased cell number. Expression of mRNA for the selected genes was affected by all exposures and the specific impacts depended on the particular compound and concentration. Acox1 and Gapdh were upregulated by all six compounds. The strongest overall effect was a nearly 10-fold induction of Scdl by PFHxS. The sulfonated PFAAs-produced numerous, strong-changes in gene expression similar to the effects after treatment with the PPARy agonist rosiglitazone. By comparison, the effects on gene expression were muted for the carboxylated PFAAs and for the PPARa agonist WY-14,643. In summary, all perfluorinated compounds increased cell number, decreased cell size, increased total triglyceride, and altered expression of genes associated with adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Watkins, Andrew M.; Wood, Carmen R.; Lin, Mimi T.; Abbott, Barbara D.] US EPA, Dev Toxicol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Toxic Assessment Div,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Watkins, AM (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL TAD DTB, MD-B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM watkins.andrew@epa.gov NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0303-7207 J9 MOL CELL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PD JAN 15 PY 2015 VL 400 IS C BP 90 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.mce.2014.10.020 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CA3SJ UT WOS:000348826100010 PM 25448844 ER PT J AU Moser, VC Stewart, N Freeborn, DL Crooks, J MacMillan, DK Hedge, JM Wood, CE McMahen, RL Strynar, MJ Herr, DW AF Moser, Virginia C. Stewart, Nicholas Freeborn, Danielle L. Crooks, James MacMillan, Denise K. Hedge, Joan M. Wood, Charles E. McMahen, Rebecca L. Strynar, Mark J. Herr, David W. TI Assessment of serum biomarkers in rats after exposure to pesticides of different chemical classes SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomarkers; Cytokines; Metabolomics; Hormones; Pesticides ID DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; SELECTIVE TOXICITY; VARIABLE SELECTION; FIPRONIL SULFONE; INSECTICIDES; RECEPTORS; CYTOKINES; SYSTEM; BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLISM AB There is increasing emphasis on the use of biomarkers of adverse outcomes in safety assessment and translational research. We evaluated serum biomarkers and targeted metabolite profiles after exposure to pesticides (permethrin, deltamethrin, imidacloprid, carbaryl, triadimefon, fipronil) with different neurotoxic actions. Adult male Long Evans rats were evaluated after single exposure to vehicle or one of two doses of each pesticide at the time of peak effect. The doses were selected to produce similar magnitude of behavioral effects across chemicals. Serum or plasma was analyzed using commercial cytokine/protein panels and targeted metabolomics. Additional studies of fipronil used lower doses (lacking behavioral effects), singly or for 14 days, and included additional markers of exposure and biological activity. Biomarker profiles varied in the number of altered analytes and patterns of change across pesticide classes, and discriminant analysis could separate treatment groups from control. Low doses of fipronil produced greater effects when given for 14 days compared to a single dose. Changes in thyroid hormones and relative amounts of fipronil and its sulfone metabolite also differed between the dosing regimens. Most cytokine changes reflected alterations in inflammatory responses, hormone levels, and products of phospholipid, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism. These findings demonstrate distinct blood-based analyte profiles across pesticide classes, dose levels, and exposure duration. These results show promise for detailed analyses of these biomarkers and their linkages to biological pathways. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Moser, Virginia C.; Stewart, Nicholas; Freeborn, Danielle L.; Herr, David W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Toxidty Assessment Div,Neurotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Crooks, James; MacMillan, Denise K.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Analyt Chem Res Core,Res Cores Unit, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hedge, Joan M.; Wood, Charles E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [McMahen, Rebecca L.; Strynar, Mark J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Moser.ginger@epa.gov FU Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Ms Judy Richards for liver enzyme assays, and Drs Steve Edwards and Brian Chorley for their review of this manuscript. This research was funded by the intramural research program of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 34 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JAN 15 PY 2015 VL 282 IS 2 BP 161 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2014.11.016 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA CA8UC UT WOS:000349195400005 PM 25497286 ER PT J AU Freeborn, DL McDaniel, KL Moser, VC Herr, DW AF Freeborn, Danielle L. McDaniel, Katherine L. Moser, Virginia C. Herr, David W. TI Use of electroencephalography (EEG) to assess CNS changes produced by pesticides with different modes of action: Effects of permethrin, deltamethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid, carbaryl, and triadimefon SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EEG; Pesticides; Rats ID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR CHLORPYRIFOS; SENSORY EVOKED-POTENTIALS; POWER SPECTRA; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; TRIAZOLE FUNGICIDE; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH; INDUCED CHOREOATHETOSIS; CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; SELECTIVE TOXICITY AB The electroencephalogram (EEG) is an apical measure, capable of detecting changes in brain neuronal activity produced by internal or external stimuli. We assessed whether pesticides with different modes of action produced different changes in the EEG of adult male Long-Evans rats. The EEG was recorded using two montages (visual cortex referenced to the cerebellum and to the frontal cortex) in unrestrained rats at the time of peak behavioral effects. Pesticides included: permethrin and deltamethrin (Type land Type II pyrethroids; 2 h), fipronil (single and repeated doses; phenylpyrazole; 6 h), imidacloprid (neonicotinoid; 2 h), carbaryl (carbamate; 0.5 h), and triadimefon (triazole; 1 h), using dosages that produced approximately an ED30 or an ED50-ED80 change in motor activity. Permethrin (43, 100 mg/kg) increased amplitudes or areas (delta, alpha, or gamma bands) in the EEG. Deltamethrin (2.5, 5.5 mg/kg) reduced the amplitudes or areas of the delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands, but the changes were not dose-related. A single treatment with fipronil (25, 50 mg/kg, but not 5, 10 mg/kg) decreased gamma band area. Additional changes in the delta, theta, and gamma bands were observed when fipronil (5, 10 mg/kg) was administered for 14 days. Imidacloprid (50, 100 mg/kg) did not alter the EEG. Carbaryl (10, 50 mg/kg) decreased theta area, and decreased delta and increased beta frequency. Triadimefon (75, 150 mg/kg) produced minimal changes in the EEG. The results show that the EEG is affected differently by approximately equipotent doses of pesticides with different modes of action. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Freeborn, Danielle L.; McDaniel, Katherine L.; Moser, Virginia C.; Herr, David W.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Neurotoxicol Branch,Tox Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Herr, DW (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL TAD NB, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD 8105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Freebom.danielle@epa.gov; McDaniel.kathy@epa.gov; Moser.ginger@epa.gov; Herr.david@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Drs. Tim Shafer and William Boyes for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Appreciation is also expressed to Mr. Charles Hamm for the computer assistance and Dr. Laura Degn with the technical assistance with experimental procedures. All work was internally funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. NR 95 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JAN 15 PY 2015 VL 282 IS 2 BP 184 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2014.11.011 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA CA8UC UT WOS:000349195400007 PM 25481984 ER PT J AU Vanderhoof, MK Williams, CA AF Vanderhoof, Melanie K. Williams, Christopher A. TI Persistence of MODIS evapotranspiration impacts from mountain pine beetle outbreaks in lodgepole pine forests, south-central Rocky Mountains SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Water cycle; Bark beetles; Mountain pine beetles; Disturbance; MODIS ID SUB-ALPINE FOREST; ENERGY-EXCHANGE; WATER YIELD; STAND AGE; LEAF-AREA; VEGETATION; ALGORITHM; COLORADO; CARBON; SCALE AB The current extent and high severity (percent tree mortality) of mountain pine beetle outbreaks across western North America has been attributed to regional climate change, specifically warmer summer and winter temperatures and drier summers. This study paired multiple mountain pine beetle outbreak location datasets, both current and historical, with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) products in order to quantify the full seasonal evapotranspiration impact of outbreak events for decades after outbreak (0 to 60 years). Following mountain pine beetle outbreaks in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) stands in the Colorado Rockies we observed an 18.7 +/- 1.4% (p < 0.01) reduction in the rate of summer evapotranspiration at 14 to 20 years since outbreak. We also observed a 21.6 +/- 2.2% (p < 0.01) increase in the rate of summer evapotranspiration, relative to non-attacked stands, in intermediate-aged stands 30 to 40 years since outbreak. Changes to growing season evapotranspiration correlated positively with changes in stand density, stand leaf area index (LAI) and the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR), while high incoming solar radiation during the summer months acted to amplify changes to evapotranspiration even given relatively minor changes to summer WAR and LAI due to the rapid regeneration of understory vegetation. Lodgepole pine mortality from mountain pine beetle outbreaks showed lasting effects on stand-scale evapotranspiration which could have important implications for regional water resources. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vanderhoof, Melanie K.; Williams, Christopher A.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP Vanderhoof, MK (reprint author), US EPA, ORISE, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave,NW 8623-P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM vanderhoof.melanie@epa.gov FU NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [12-Earth12R-59, 13-Earth13R-8]; Science of Terra and Aqua program [NASA ROSES09, NNX11AG53G]; National Science Foundation [1262691] FX This work was supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program (Grant no. 12-Earth12R-59 and 13-Earth13R-8). Additional financial support was received from the NASA ROSES09 Science of Terra and Aqua program (Grant no. NNX11AG53G) as well as the National Science Foundation (Grant no. 1262691). We thank Rocky Mountain National Park for their field support and Marcus Pasay for his assistance with field work. We also thank Dominik Kulakowski and Dan Jarvis for providing the dendroecological plot data, Brian Howell and Justin Backsen of the USFS Region 2, for their assistance with the historical ADS surveys, and the anonymous reviewers for the valuable comments. NR 79 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN 15 PY 2015 VL 200 BP 78 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.09.015 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AY4ZB UT WOS:000347582300008 ER PT J AU Simon, H Reff, A Wells, B Xing, J Frank, N AF Simon, Heather Reff, Adam Wells, Benjamin Xing, Jia Frank, Neil TI Ozone Trends Across the United States over a Period of Decreasing NOx and VOC Emissions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-LEVEL OZONE; AIR AB In this work, we evaluate ambient ozone trends at urban, suburban, and rural monitoring sites across the United States over a period of decreasing NOx and VOC emissions (1998-2013). We find that decreasing ozone trends generally occur in the summer, in less urbanized areas, and at the upper end of the ozone distribution. Conversely, increasing ozone trends generally occur in the winter, in more urbanized areas, and at the lower end of the ozone distribution. The 95(th) percentile ozone concentrations decreased at urban, suburban, and rural monitors by 1-2 ppb/yr in the summer and 0.5-1 ppb/yr in the winter. In the summer, there are both increasing and decreasing trends in fifth percentile ozone concentrations of less than 0.5 ppb/yr at urban and suburban monitors, while fifth percentile ozone concentrations at rural monitors decreased by up to 1 ppb/yr. In the winter, fifth percentile ozone concentrations generally increased by 0.1-1 ppb/yr. These results demonstrate the large scale success of U.S. control strategies targeted at decreasing peak ozone concentrations. In addition, they indicate that as anthropogenic NOx emissions have decreased, the ozone distribution has been compressed, leading to less spatial and temporal variability. C1 [Simon, Heather; Reff, Adam; Wells, Benjamin; Frank, Neil] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Xing, Jia] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Simon, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Simon.Heather@epa.gov RI xing, jia/O-1784-2014; simon, heather/E-4392-2011 OI simon, heather/0000-0001-7254-3360 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC000378]; U.S. EPA [25 RW-89-9233260 1] FX The authors would like to thank the following people from U.S. EPA for their helpful feedback on this manuscript: James Hemby, Tyler Fox, Liz Naess, Norm Possiel, Pat Dolwick, Bryan Hubbell, Scott Mathias, Mike Koerber, Chet Wayland, Jan Cortelyou-Lee, and Chuen-Meei Gan. Although this work has been reviewed and approved for publication by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), it does not reflect the views and policies of the agency. J.X. held a National Research Council Associate award at U.S. EPA supported in part by an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy project (IA no. DE-SC000378) and the U.S. EPA (IA no. 25 RW-89-9233260 1). NR 33 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 10 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 6 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 1 BP 186 EP 195 DI 10.1021/es504514z PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY5BW UT WOS:000347589300021 PM 25517137 ER PT J AU Mazur, CS Marchitti, SA Zastre, J AF Mazur, Christopher S. Marchitti, Satori A. Zastre, Jason TI P-glycoprotein inhibition by the agricultural pesticide propiconazole and its hydroxylated metabolites: Implications for pesticide-drug interactions SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE P-gp; MDR1; Conazoles; Propiconazole; Chemosensitization; ABC transporters ID NONSTEROIDAL AROMATASE INHIBITORS; ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY; IN-VITRO; CLINICAL IMPORTANCE; CACO-2 CELLS; TRANSPORTERS; ERYTHROMYCIN; EFFLUX; KETOCONAZOLE; ANTIFUNGALS AB The human efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp, MDR1) functions as an important cellular defense system against a variety of xenobiotics; however, little information exists on whether environmental chemicals interact with P-gp. Conazoles provide a unique challenge to exposure assessment because of their use as both pesticides and drugs. Propiconazole is an agricultural pesticide undergoing evaluation by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program. In this study, the P-gp interaction of propiconazole and its hydroxylated metabolites were evaluated using MDR1expressing membrane vesicles and NIH-3T3/MDR1 cells. Membrane vesicle assays demonstrated propiconazole (IC50,122.9 mu M) and its metabolites (IC(50)s, 350.8 mu M, 366.4 mu M, and 456.3 mu M) inhibited P-gp efflux of a probe substrate, with propiconazole demonstrating the strongest interaction. P-gp mediated transport of propiconazole in MDR1-expressed vesicles was not detected indicating propiconazole interacts with P-gp as an inhibitor rather than a substrate. In NIH-3T3/MDR1 cells, propiconazole (1 and 10 mu M) led to decreased cellular resistance (chemosensitization) to paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic drug and known MDR1 substrate. Collectively, these results have pharmacokinetic and risk assessment implications as P-gp interaction may influence pesticide toxicity and the potential for pesticide-drug interactions. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Mazur, Christopher S.; Marchitti, Satori A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Zastre, Jason] Univ Georgia, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mazur, CS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mazur.chris@epa.gov; marchitti.satori@epa.gov; jzastre@uga.edu NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 EI 1879-3169 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2015 VL 232 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.09.020 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AW3GT UT WOS:000346175100005 PM 25268938 ER PT J AU Vance, L Eason, T Cabezas, H AF Vance, Leisha Eason, Tarsha Cabezas, Heriberto TI An information theory-based approach to assessing the sustainability and stability of an island system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND WORLD ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fisher information; Puerto Rico; regional system; sustainability; dynamic order; indicator ID SAN-LUIS BASIN; REGIONAL SUSTAINABILITY; FISHER INFORMATION; REGIME SHIFTS; PUERTO-RICO; CRITICAL TRANSITIONS; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; COLORADO; COMMUNICATION; FRAMEWORK AB It is well documented that a sustainable system is based on environmental stewardship, economic viability, and social equity. What is often overlooked is the need for continuity such that desirable system behavior is maintained with mechanisms in place that facilitate the ability of core system functions to endure or adapt (in the face of perturbations), and ensure that future generations are able to meet their needs. Assessing regional systems poses unique challenges in that they are interlinked with larger- and smaller-scale dynamics that may dramatically affect trends in key system variables. From 1970-2009, Puerto Rico experienced a 140% increase in urban population which may have amplified impacts related to resource demands, waste production, and natural habitats. Because such changes can have strong implications for sustainability, the dynamics of Puerto Rico provide a great opportunity to explore methods for assessing the sustainability of a complex geographic region. In this work, we employ Fisher information, an information theory-based approach, to evaluate changes in system dynamics and examine the effect of regionalization impacts on trends in variables characterizing social, environmental, and economic aspects of the system. Results indicate dramatic change from 1981-1999, after which the system dynamics remained steady until 2005. While there was no indication that a regime shift occurred, system trends corresponded with variations in non-yield economic variables. To determine whether Fisher information provides warning signals of critical change, consecutive declines in the index were explored and demonstrated as a possible leading indicator of impending regime shifts. C1 [Vance, Leisha; Eason, Tarsha; Cabezas, Heriberto] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Cabezas, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Cabezas.Heriberto@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA FX U.S. EPA. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1350-4509 EI 1745-2627 J9 INT J SUST DEV WORLD JI Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol. PD JAN 2 PY 2015 VL 22 IS 1 BP 64 EP 75 DI 10.1080/13504509.2014.978832 PG 12 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Ecology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA8GM UT WOS:000349155800007 ER PT J AU Kariisa, M Foraker, R Pennell, M Buckley, T Diaz, P Criner, GJ Wilkins, JR AF Kariisa, Mbabazi Foraker, Randi Pennell, Michael Buckley, Timothy Diaz, Philip Criner, Gerard J. Wilkins, J. R., III TI Short- and Long-Term Effects of Ambient Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter on the Respiratory Health of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Subjects SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE spirometry; COPD; air pollution; lung function ID EMPHYSEMA TREATMENT TRIAL; VOLUME REDUCTION SURGERY; AIR-POLLUTION; NATIONAL EMPHYSEMA; EXPOSURE; QUESTIONNAIRE; PATHOGENESIS AB To date, no study has evaluated the short- and long-term effects air pollution exposure on emphysematous subjects who have undergone lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS). Data from the National Emphysema Treatment Trial study (1998-2003) included 1,218 subjects, aged 39 to 84. Daily values of ambient fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 mu m; PM2.5) and ozone were obtained. Mixed-effects models tested the association between short- and long-term pollutant concentrations and changes in pulmonary function. Cumulative air pollution exposure was strongly associated with worsened respiratory function and symptoms. Mean PM2.5 was associated with poorer lung function. Lagged exposures were poorly associated with respiratory health outcomes. There were detrimental respiratory and pulmonary effects observed in response to even low levels of ambient air pollutants among study participants. These results are indicative that exposures even below those of air quality standards may still pose significant risks to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subjects. C1 [Kariisa, Mbabazi; Foraker, Randi; Wilkins, J. R., III] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pennell, Michael] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Buckley, Timothy] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Diaz, Philip] Ohio State Univ, Wexner Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy Crit Care & Sleep Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Criner, Gerard J.] Temple Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Inflammat Translat & Clin Lung Res, Dept Med,Sect Pulm & Crit Care Med, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Kariisa, M (reprint author), Ohio Dept Hlth, Violence & Injury Prevent Program, Bur Hlth Ohio, 246 North High St, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. EM mbabazi.kariisa@odh.ohio.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 43 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1933-8244 EI 2154-4700 J9 ARCH ENVIRON OCCUP H JI Arch. Environ. Occup. Health PD JAN 2 PY 2015 VL 70 IS 1 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1080/19338244.2014.932753 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AW3OP UT WOS:000346196600008 PM 25136856 ER PT J AU Bostian, M Sinha, A Whittaker, G Barnhart, B AF Bostian, Moriah Sinha, Ankur Whittaker, Gerald Barnhart, Bradley GP IEEE TI Incorporating Data Envelopment Analysis Solution Methods into Bilevel Multi-Objective Optimization SO 2015 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC) SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) CY MAY 25-28, 2015 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP IEEE DE Bilevel multi-objective optimization; Data envelopment analysis; Bilevel evolutionary algorithm; Nitrogen pollution ID EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS; EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS; GENETIC ALGORITHM; DECISION-MAKING; MANAGEMENT; SERVICES; MODELS; DEA AB This study illustrates the use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) solution methods in bilevel optimization problems. Here, we show that DEA and bilevel optimization can also be used together as part of an integrated solution framework. We work with a policy-oriented problem in which the regulator's multi-objective optimization problem at the upper level is constrained by the profit-maximizing decisions of individual firms at the lower level. Each firm's response to the policy is a prori unknown to the regulator, and depends on the underlying production technology. Rather than assuming a common production relationship across firms, DEA allows us to model each firm's response to the policy without imposing a functional form on the production technology. We use DEA to estimate the technology facing each producer, based on observed practices of other producers. Doing so endogenizes the cost of responding to prospective policies at the lower level, providing a more realistic solution set at the upper level. Our application addresses the design of a policy to reduce fertilizer runoff from agriculture, an important problem in environmental economics. We employ a multi-objective bilevel evolutionary algorithm to solve for the approximate optimal frontier. C1 [Bostian, Moriah] Lewis & Clark Coll, Dept Econ, Portland, OR 97219 USA. [Sinha, Ankur] Indian Inst Management, Prod & Quantitat Methods, Ahmadabad 380015, Gujarat, India. [Whittaker, Gerald] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Barnhart, Bradley] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bostian, M (reprint author), Lewis & Clark Coll, Dept Econ, Portland, OR 97219 USA. EM mbbostian@lclark.edu; asinha@iimahd.ernet.in; whittakg@onid.orst.edu; bradleybarnhart@gmail.com NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7492-4 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2015 BP 1667 EP 1674 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BF1YE UT WOS:000380444801092 ER PT B AU Jerrett, M Reid, CE McKone, TE Koutrakis, P AF Jerrett, Michael Reid, Colleen E. McKone, Thomas E. Koutrakis, Petros BE Kanaroglou, P Delmelle, E Paez, A TI Participatory and Ubiquitous Sensing for Exposure Assessment in Spatial Epidemiology SO SPATIAL ANALYSIS IN HEALTH GEOGRAPHY SE Geographies of Health LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION EXPOSURE; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; LAND-USE REGRESSION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; INFORMATION-SYSTEM; COMMUNITY DESIGN; PARTICLE MONITOR; SATELLITE C1 [Jerrett, Michael] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Jerrett, Michael; McKone, Thomas E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reid, Colleen E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reid, Colleen E.] US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [McKone, Thomas E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [McKone, Thomas E.] US EPA, Sci Advisory Board, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [McKone, Thomas E.] World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [McKone, Thomas E.] Soc Risk Anal, Mclean, VA USA. [McKone, Thomas E.] Int Soc Exposure Sci, Herndon, VA USA. [Koutrakis, Petros] EPA Harvard Univ, Clean Air Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. [Koutrakis, Petros] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Jerrett, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 91 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-47-241620-9; 978-1-47-241619-3 J9 GEOGR HEALTH PY 2015 BP 219 EP 239 PG 21 WC Geography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Geography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BG0RI UT WOS:000386481100013 ER PT B AU Andrew, JT AF Andrew, John T. BA Lassiter, A BF Lassiter, A TI Adapting California's Water Sector to a Changing Climate SO SUSTAINABLE WATER: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FROM CALIFORNIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Andrew, John T.] Calif Dept Water Resources, Climate Change Act, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Andrew, John T.] Stege Sanit Dist, El Cerrito, CA USA. [Andrew, John T.] CALFED Bay Delta Program, Sacramento, CA USA. [Andrew, John T.] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Andrew, John T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Andrew, John T.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Washington, DC USA. RP Andrew, JT (reprint author), Calif Dept Water Resources, Climate Change Act, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI OAKLAND PA 155 GRAND AVE, SUITE 400, OAKLAND, CA 94612-3758 USA BN 978-0-520-28535-4; 978-0-520-96087-9; 978-0-520-28536-1 PY 2015 BP 10 EP 31 PG 22 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Studies; Water Resources SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BG0JU UT WOS:000386291200002 ER PT S AU Steeger, T Baris, R Moriarty, T Hart, C Hou, W AF Steeger, Thomas Baris, Reuben Moriarty, Thomas Hart, Connie Hou, Wayne BE Oomen, PA Pistorius, J TI Assessing risks of pesticides to bees: putting the science into context to inform regulatory decision making SO HAZARDS OF PESTICIDES TO BEES: 12TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF THE ICP-PR BEE PROTECTION GROUP SE Julius-Kuhn-Archiv LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium of the ICP-PR Bee Protection Group - Hazards of Pesticides to Bees CY SEP 15-17, 2014 CL Ghent Univ, Fac Bioscience Engn, Ghent, BELGIUM SP Int Commiss Plant Protect Relat HO Ghent Univ, Fac Bioscience Engn ID DECLINES; EUROPE C1 [Steeger, Thomas; Baris, Reuben; Moriarty, Thomas] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hart, Connie; Hou, Wayne] Hlth Canada, Pest Management Regulatory Agcy, Environm Assessment Directorate, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Steeger, T (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU JULIUS KUHN-INST PI BERLIN PA BUNDESFORSCHUNGSINSTITUT FUR KULTURPFLANZEN, KONIGN-LUISE-STRABE 19, BERLIN, D-14195, GERMANY SN 1868-9892 BN 978-3-95547-022-7 J9 JULIUS-KUHN-ARCH JI Julius-Kuhn-Arch. PY 2015 VL 450 BP 8 EP 16 PG 9 WC Entomology; Toxicology SC Entomology; Toxicology GA BF4YW UT WOS:000381782400001 ER PT S AU Bakker, F Christl, H Coulson, M Dinter, A Giffard, H Hanewald, N Lewis, G Miles, M Pistorius, J van Praagh, J Randall, M Vergnet, C Hart, C Sandrock, C Steeger, T AF Bakker, Frank Christl, Heino Coulson, Mike Dinter, Axel Giffard, Herve Hanewald, Nicole Lewis, Gavin Miles, Mark Pistorius, Jens van Praagh, Job Randall, Marit Vergnet, Christine Hart, Connie Sandrock, Christoph Steeger, Thomas BE Oomen, PA Pistorius, J TI Semi-field and field testing on the honey bee working group SO HAZARDS OF PESTICIDES TO BEES: 12TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF THE ICP-PR BEE PROTECTION GROUP SE Julius-Kuhn-Archiv LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium of the ICP-PR Bee Protection Group - Hazards of Pesticides to Bees CY SEP 15-17, 2014 CL Ghent Univ, Fac Bioscience Engn, Ghent, BELGIUM SP Int Commiss Plant Protect Relat HO Ghent Univ, Fac Bioscience Engn C1 [Bakker, Frank] Eurofins, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Christl, Heino] Tier, Leichlingen, Germany. [Coulson, Mike] Syngenta, Basel, Switzerland. [Dinter, Axel] DuPont Co Inc, Wilmington, DE USA. [Giffard, Herve] Testapi, Gennes, France. [Hanewald, Nicole] BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany. [Lewis, Gavin] JSC, Harrogate, N Yorkshire, England. [Miles, Mark] BCS, New Orleans, LA USA. [Pistorius, Jens] JKI, Quedlinburg, Germany. [van Praagh, Job] ICPPR, Guelph, ON, Canada. [Randall, Marit] Norwegian FSA, Oslo, Norway. [Vergnet, Christine] ANSES, Maisons Alfort, France. [Hart, Connie] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Sandrock, Christoph] IES, Witterswil, Switzerland. [Steeger, Thomas] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Bakker, F (reprint author), Eurofins, Amsterdam, Netherlands. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JULIUS KUHN-INST PI BERLIN PA BUNDESFORSCHUNGSINSTITUT FUR KULTURPFLANZEN, KONIGN-LUISE-STRABE 19, BERLIN, D-14195, GERMANY SN 1868-9892 BN 978-3-95547-022-7 J9 JULIUS-KUHN-ARCH JI Julius-Kuhn-Arch. PY 2015 VL 450 BP 152 EP 153 PG 2 WC Entomology; Toxicology SC Entomology; Toxicology GA BF4YW UT WOS:000381782400025 ER PT S AU Humayun, M Divan, R Stan, L Rosenmann, D Gosztola, D Gundel, L Solomon, PA Paprotny, I AF Humayun, Md Divan, R. Stan, L. Rosenmann, D. Gosztola, D. Gundel, L. Solomon, P. A. Paprotny, I. GP IEEE TI Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube based Sensors for Distributed Methane Leak Detection SO 2015 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE SENSORS CY NOV 01-04, 2015 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, Sensors Council, Korean Sensors Soc AB This paper presents a highly sensitive, energy efficient and low-cost distributed methane (CH4) sensor system (DMSS) for continuous monitoring, detection and localization of CH4 leaks in natural gas infrastructure such as transmission and distribution pipelines, wells, and production pads. The CH4 sensing element, a key component of the DMSS, consists of a metal oxide functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) mesh which, in comparison to existing literature, shows stronger relative resistance change while interacting with lower ppm concentreation of CH4. For the DMSS a Gaussian plume triangulation algorithm has been developed, which, given a geometric model of the surrounding environment, can precisely detect and localize a CH4 leak as well as estimate its mass flow rate. C1 [Humayun, Md; Paprotny, I.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Divan, R.; Stan, L.; Rosenmann, D.; Gosztola, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gundel, L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Solomon, P. A.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89199 USA. RP Humayun, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM paprotny@uic.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4799-8203-5 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2015 BP 177 EP 180 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BF1WO UT WOS:000380440800046 ER PT S AU Mahdavipour, O Mueller-Sim, T Fahimi, D Croshere, S Pillatsch, P Merukh, J Baruffa, VZ Sabino, J Tran, K Alanis, G Solomon, P Wright, P White, RM Gundel, L Paprotny, I AF Mahdavipour, Omid Mueller-Sim, Timothy Fahimi, Dorsa Croshere, Skot Pillatsch, Pit Merukh, Jusuf Baruffa, Valentino Zegna Sabino, John Tran, Koji Alanis, Giovanni Solomon, Paul Wright, Paul White, Richard M. Gundel, Lara Paprotny, Igor GP IEEE TI Wireless Sensors for Automated Control of Total Incombustible Content (TIC) of Dust Deposited in Underground Coal Mines SO 2015 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE SENSORS CY NOV 01-04, 2015 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, Sensors Council, Korean Sensors Soc DE Float Dust; Wireless Sensor Networks; Total Incombustible Content AB This paper presents ongoing research towards a low-cost/low-power wirelessly enabled distributed sensing system that can be placed throughout underground coal mines to potentially measure the total incombustible content (TIC) of the deposited dust. Underground coal mining operations produce finely divided coal dust, called float dust, which deposits throughout the mine. This combustible material can be feedstock for coal dust explosions. In the U.S., Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) standard 23789 dictates that a TIC of 80% or above has to be maintained in coal mine return airways. However, current best practices for collection TIC measurements involve manual sampling and laboratory procedures. In this work, we describe work towards developing a new wireless sensor network (WSN) consisting of low-cost/low-power sensor modules that use a variety of optical and microfabricated sensors to continuously monitor the TIC of the accumulated dust. The information is then transmitted off-board through a reliable ad-hoc wireless network. Called Sensors for Automated Control of Coal Dust (SACCD), this system can potentially, for example, be used to automate the control of rock-dusting equipment to maintain TIC at acceptable levels. C1 [Mahdavipour, Omid; Mueller-Sim, Timothy; Fahimi, Dorsa; Baruffa, Valentino Zegna; Sabino, John; Tran, Koji; Alanis, Giovanni; Paprotny, Igor] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Croshere, Skot; Pillatsch, Pit; Merukh, Jusuf; Wright, Paul; White, Richard M.] Univ Calif, Berkeley, CA USA. [Solomon, Paul] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Gundel, Lara] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Mahdavipour, O (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM paprotny@uic.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4799-8203-5 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2015 BP 703 EP 706 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BF1WO UT WOS:000380440800187 ER PT J AU Bolt, MD AF Bolt, M. D. BE Yang, C Clarke, K Yuan, M Yu, M Li, M Guan, W Sun, M Huang, B TI Visualizing Water Quality Sampling-Events in Florida SO ISPRS International Workshop on Spatiotemporal Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISPRS International Workshop on Spatiotemporal Computing CY JUL 13-15, 2015 CL Fairfax, VA DE Water Quality; Visualization; Florida; R; GIS; Spatiotemporal; Communication AB Water quality sampling in Florida is acknowledged to be spatially and temporally variable. The rotational monitoring program that was created to capture data within the state's thousands of miles of coastline and streams, and millions of acres of lakes, reservoirs, and ponds may be partly responsible for inducing the variability as an artifact. Florida's new dissolved-oxygen-standard methodology will require more data to calculate a percent saturation. This additional data requirement's impact can be seen when the new methodology is applied retrospectively to the historical collection. To understand how, where, and when the methodological change could alter the environmental quality narrative of state waters requires addressing induced bias from prior sampling events and behaviors. Here stream and coastal water quality data is explored through several modalities to maximize understanding and communication of the spatiotemporal relationships. Previous methodology and expected-retrospective calculations outside the regulatory framework are found to be significantly different, but dependent on the spatiotemporal perspective. Data visualization is leveraged to demonstrate these differences, their potential impacts on environmental narratives, and to direct further review and analysis. C1 [Bolt, M. D.] US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Sam Nunn Atlanta Fed Ctr, 61 Forsyth St SW, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Bolt, MD (reprint author), US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Sam Nunn Atlanta Fed Ctr, 61 Forsyth St SW, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM bolt.matthew@epa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY PY 2015 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.5194/isprsannals-II-4-W2-73-2015 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF3IZ UT WOS:000380547600031 ER PT J AU Arunachalam, S Brantley, H Barzyk, TM Hagler, G Isakov, V Kimbrough, ES Naess, B Rice, N Snyder, MG Talgo, K Venkatram, A AF Arunachalam, Saravanan Brantley, Halley Barzyk, Timothy M. Hagler, Gayle Isakov, Vlad Kimbrough, Evelyn S. Naess, Brian Rice, Nathan Snyder, Michelle G. Talgo, Kevin Venkatram, Akula TI Assessment of port-related air quality impacts: geographic analysis of population SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE port; emissions; air quality; dispersion; GIS; cargo; freight; trucks; near source; near port; population exposure ID HEALTH AB Increased global trade has led to greater transportation by rail, road and ships to move cargo. Based upon multiple near-road and near-source monitoring studies, the busy roadways and large emission sources at ports may impact local air quality within several hundred metres of the ports. Health effects have been associated with near-road exposures and proximity to large emission sources, so characterising emission sources is important for understanding potential health effects. To address this need, we have developed a new community-scale tool called C-PORT to model emissions related to all port-area activities and predict concentrations of multiple criteria and hazardous air pollutants at fine spatial scales in the near-source environment. We present a geographical information system analysis of areas surrounding five US ports (Ports of New York and New Jersey, Virginia, Savannah, Miami, and Houston) to determine potential sources of concern related to freight transport and demographics of the near-source population that could be affected. C1 [Arunachalam, Saravanan; Naess, Brian; Snyder, Michelle G.; Talgo, Kevin] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Environm, Campus Box 1105 27599-1105,100 Europa Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. [Brantley, Halley; Kimbrough, Evelyn S.] US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Characterizat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Barzyk, Timothy M.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hagler, Gayle] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Isakov, Vlad] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rice, Nathan] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Informat Technol Serv Res Comp, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Venkatram, Akula] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Arunachalam, S (reprint author), Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Environm, Campus Box 1105 27599-1105,100 Europa Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. EM sarav@email.unc.edu; brantley.halley@epa.gov; Barzyk.Timothy@epa.gov; Hagler.Gayle@epa.gov; Isakov.Vlad@epa.gov; Kimbrough.Sue@epa.gov; naess@unc.edu; Nathan_rice@unc.edu; mgs3584@email.unc.edu; talgo@email.unc.edu; venky@engr.ucr.edu OI Kimbrough, Evelyn Sue/0000-0002-7246-0255 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 856, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 EI 1741-5101 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 2015 VL 58 IS 4 SI SI BP 231 EP 250 DI 10.1504/IJEP.2015.077455 PN 3 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ5AL UT WOS:000379216700002 ER PT B AU Shadbegian, RJ Wolverton, A AF Shadbegian, Ronald J. Wolverton, Ann BE Konisky, DM TI Evaluating Environmental Justice: Analytic Lessons from the Academic Literature and in Practice SO FAILED PROMISES: EVALUATING THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE SE American and Comparative Environmental Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; TOXIC RELEASES; AIR TOXICS; EQUITY; RISK; DEMOGRAPHICS; INEQUITIES; ENFORCEMENT; PERFORMANCE; DISPARITIES C1 [Shadbegian, Ronald J.] US EPA, NCEE, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Shadbegian, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, NCEE, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Shadbegian.ron@epa.gov; Wolverton.ann@epa.gov NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 978-0-262-52735-4; 978-0-262-02883-7 J9 AM COMP ENVIRON POLI PY 2015 BP 117 EP 142 D2 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028837.001.0001 PG 26 WC Environmental Studies; Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BE8GM UT WOS:000376451800007 ER PT J AU Ghio, A Soukup, J Dailey, L Kesic, MJ Cohen, MD AF Ghio, A. Soukup, J. Dailey, L. Kesic, M. J. Cohen, M. D. TI Iron Diminishes The In Vitro Biological Effect Of Vanadium SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society (ATS) CY MAY 15-20, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Thorac Soc C1 [Ghio, A.; Soukup, J.; Dailey, L.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kesic, M. J.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cohen, M. D.] NYU, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2015 VL 191 MA A3214 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA DO2AW UT WOS:000377582803489 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Kehrl, H Hazucha, M Rappold, A Devlin, RB Diaz-Sanchez, D AF Kim, C. S. Kehrl, H. Hazucha, M. Rappold, A. Devlin, R. B. Diaz-Sanchez, D. TI Variability Of Pulmonary Function Response To 6.6 Hour Exposure To Low Concentration Ozone During Moderate Exercise SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society (ATS) CY MAY 15-20, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Thorac Soc C1 [Kim, C. S.; Kehrl, H.; Rappold, A.; Devlin, R. B.; Diaz-Sanchez, D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hazucha, M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2015 VL 191 MA A5242 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA DO2AW UT WOS:000377582807062 ER PT J AU Soukup, JM Dailey, L Kesic, MJ Tong, H Ghio, A AF Soukup, J. M. Dailey, L. Kesic, M. J. Tong, H. Ghio, A. TI Wood Smoke Particles Sequester Mitochondrial Iron To Impact A Biological Effect SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society (ATS) CY MAY 15-20, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Thorac Soc C1 [Soukup, J. M.; Dailey, L.; Tong, H.; Ghio, A.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kesic, M. J.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2015 VL 191 MA A4034 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA DO2AW UT WOS:000377582805093 ER PT J AU Yu, Y Hotten, D Birukova, A Volker, E Ghio, AJ Noble, PW Kraft, M Hollingsworth, JW Gunn, MD Tighe, RM AF Yu, Y. Hotten, D. Birukova, A. Volker, E. Ghio, A. J. Noble, P. W. Kraft, M. Hollingsworth, J. W. Gunn, M. D. Tighe, R. M. TI Flow Cytometry Of Human Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid And Lung Tissue Identifies Interstitial Macrophages SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society (ATS) CY MAY 15-20, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Thorac Soc C1 [Yu, Y.; Hotten, D.; Birukova, A.; Volker, E.; Kraft, M.; Gunn, M. D.; Tighe, R. M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Ghio, A. J.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Noble, P. W.] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. [Hollingsworth, J. W.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2015 VL 191 MA A1301 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA DO2AW UT WOS:000377582800300 ER PT S AU Briskin, JS Yohannes, L AF Briskin, J. S. Yohannes, L. BE Drogos, DL TI Overview of US EPA's Study of the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing for Oil and Gas on Drinking Water Resources SO HYDRAULIC FRACTURING: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES C1 [Briskin, J. S.; Yohannes, L.] US EPA, Off Sci Policy, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8104R, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Briskin, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci Policy, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8104R, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Briskin.jeanne@epa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3122-1 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2015 VL 1216 BP 197 EP 203 D2 10.1021/bk-2015-1216 PG 7 WC Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE5KI UT WOS:000372944300009 ER PT B AU Xi, W Ottinger, RL Robinson, NA Butzel, AK Wieder, ME Parker, JL Rucinski, TL Valova, RR Wang, PP AF Xi, Wang Ottinger, Richard L. Robinson, Nicholas A. Butzel, Albert K. Wieder, Marla E. Parker, John Louis Rucinski, Taryn L. Valova, Radina R. Wang Pianpian BE Martin, P Kennedy, A TI Assessing environmental governance of the Hudson River Valley: application of an IPPEP model SO IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL LAW SE IUCN Academy of Environmental Law Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Xi, Wang] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Nat Resources Law Inst, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Ottinger, Richard L.] IUCN World Commiss Environm Law, Energy & Climate Comm, London, England. [Robinson, Nicholas A.] Pace Univ, Environm, New York, NY USA. [Robinson, Nicholas A.] Pace Univ, Environm Law, New York, NY USA. [Robinson, Nicholas A.] IUCN, New York, NY USA. [Butzel, Albert K.] Albert K Butzel Law Off, New York, NY USA. [Wieder, Marla E.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Parker, John Louis] NY Dept Environm Conservat, Washington, DC USA. [Rucinski, Taryn L.] Pace Univ, Sch Law, Law, New York, NY USA. RP Xi, W (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Nat Resources Law Inst, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-78347-931-3; 978-1-78347-929-0 J9 IUCN ACAD ENVIR LAW PY 2015 BP 50 EP 68 D2 10.4337/9781783479313 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA BE5DZ UT WOS:000372628400003 ER PT J AU Ridley, CE Mallory-Smith, C AF Ridley, Caroline E. Mallory-Smith, Carol BE Quinn, LD Matlaga, DP Barney, JN TI Gene Flow and Invasiveness in Bioenergy Systems SO BIOENERGY AND BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS: ECOLOGICAL, AGRONOMIC, AND POLICY PERSPECTIVES ON MINIMIZING RISK SE CABI Invasives Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID JATROPHA-CURCAS L.; CANOLA BRASSICA-NAPUS; CALIFORNIA WILD RADISH; PANICUM-VIRGATUM L.; GM OILSEED RAPE; CAMELINA-SATIVA; WIND-POLLINATION; TRANSGENIC CROPS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; WESTERN CANADA AB Gene flow between crops and their wild or weedy relatives can result in the establishment of hybrid populations outside of cultivation. Here, we examine the potential for gene flow between several emerging bioenergy feedstocks and their compatible relatives, and the factors that affect the magnitude and frequency of gene exchange. We also explore the potential that gene flow could lead to the escape of transgenes or invasion by resulting populations. A limited amount of information suggests that the potential for gene flow and invasion are low for jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) and relatively greater for switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) where these crops are currently being cultivated. Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.) likely falls somewhere in between these two species. Canola (Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L.), a widely-grown crop already being used as a source of bioenergy, is a well-studied system in which weedy populations with crop ancestry have been found and transgenes have been detected outside of cultivation. From this case study, we suggest that both a Best Management Plan should be developed to limit gene flow between emerging bioenergy feedstocks and wild or weedy relatives, and a Mitigation Plan should be in place to address unintended release of transgenes and appearance of potentially invasive populations. C1 [Ridley, Caroline E.] US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW,William Jefferson Clinton Bldg, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Mallory-Smith, Carol] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ridley, CE (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW,William Jefferson Clinton Bldg, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM ridley.caroline@epa.gov; carol.mallory-smith@oregonstate.edu NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-78064-330-4 J9 CABI INVASIVE SER PY 2015 VL 5 BP 52 EP 66 D2 10.1079/9781780643304.0000 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE6SD UT WOS:000374698700004 ER PT J AU Tirado, MC Amadeo, A Chena, K Mascarenas, A AF Tirado, M. C. Amadeo, A. Chena, K. Mascarenas, A. TI Climate smart nutrition: Co-benefits of nutrition-sensitive climate mitigation and adaptation SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tirado, M. C.; Amadeo, A.; Chena, K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Tirado, M. C.] Int Union Nutr Sci Task Force Climate & Nutr, Washington, DC USA. [Mascarenas, A.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 EI 1421-9697 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2015 VL 67 SU 1 BP 19 EP 20 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA DK5VM UT WOS:000374988800030 ER PT S AU Hollingsworth, JW Nadadur, SS AF Hollingsworth, John W. Nadadur, Srikanth S. BE Nadadur, SS Hollingsworth, JW TI Air Pollution and Health Effects Preface SO AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS SE Molecular and Integrative Toxicology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; STATEMENT C1 [Hollingsworth, John W.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm Allergy Crit Care & Sleep Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Nadadur, Srikanth S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hollingsworth, JW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm Allergy Crit Care & Sleep Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 2168-4219 BN 978-1-4471-6669-6; 978-1-4471-6668-9 J9 MOLEC INTEGR TOXICOL PY 2015 BP V EP VII D2 10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BE5XX UT WOS:000373624200001 ER PT S AU Mudipalli, A AF Mudipalli, Anuradha BE Nadadur, SS Hollingsworth, JW TI Airborne Carcinogens: Mechanisms of Cancer SO AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS SE Molecular and Integrative Toxicology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; UNSCHEDULED DNA-SYNTHESIS; BENZENE-EXPOSED WORKERS; EXPERIMENTAL MULTIPOTENTIAL CARCINOGEN; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE 3; STRAND BREAK REPAIR; PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS; LUNG-CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE C1 [Mudipalli, Anuradha] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mudipalli, A (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Mudipalli.anu@epa.gov NR 216 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 2168-4219 BN 978-1-4471-6669-6; 978-1-4471-6668-9 J9 MOLEC INTEGR TOXICOL PY 2015 BP 151 EP 184 DI 10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6 PG 34 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BE5XX UT WOS:000373624200007 ER PT S AU Sacks, JD Fann, N Owens, EO Costa, DL AF Sacks, Jason D. Fann, Neal Owens, Elizabeth Oesterling Costa, Daniel L. BE Nadadur, SS Hollingsworth, JW TI Using Science to Shape Policy SO AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS SE Molecular and Integrative Toxicology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; LIFE EXPECTANCY; GLOBAL BURDEN; HEALTH BURDEN; MATTER; MORTALITY; OZONE; ASSOCIATION C1 [Sacks, Jason D.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Owens, Elizabeth Oesterling] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Fann, Neal] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Off Air & Radiat, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Costa, Daniel L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sacks, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sacks.jason@epa.gov; fann.neal@epa.gov; owens.beth@epa.gov; costa.dan@epa.gov NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 2168-4219 BN 978-1-4471-6669-6; 978-1-4471-6668-9 J9 MOLEC INTEGR TOXICOL PY 2015 BP 403 EP 436 DI 10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6_15 D2 10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6 PG 34 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BE5XX UT WOS:000373624200016 ER PT S AU Dewan, N Majestic, BJ Ketterer, ME Miller-Schulze, JP Shafer, MM Schauer, JJ Solomon, PA Artamonova, M Chen, BB Imashev, SA Carmichael, GR AF Dewan, Nitika Majestic, Brian J. Ketterer, Michael E. Miller-Schulze, Justin P. Shafer, Martin M. Schauer, James J. Solomon, Paul A. Artamonova, Maria Chen, Boris B. Imashev, Sanjar A. Carmichael, Gregory R. BE Evans, KR RobertsKirchhoff, ES Benvenuto, MA Lanigan, KC RihanaAbdallah, A TI Tracing Dust Sources Using Stable Lead and Strontium Isotopes in Central Asia SO TRACE MATERIALS IN AIR, SOIL, AND WATER SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Trace Materials in Air, Soil, and Water at the 249th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY MAR 22-26, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc ID AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; DEPOSITION; AEROSOLS; TRACERS; PB; PARTICLES; EVOLUTION; POLLUTION; METALS; FRANCE AB From 1960 to 2014, the Aral Sea's surface area has receded about 90% in size from 68,000 km(2) to 8,444 km(2). Consequently, newly exposed sediments are resuspended by the wind and are now a source of atmospheric particulate matter in Central Asia, which may have an impact on human health and climate. In this study, strontium (Sr) and lead (Pb) stable isotopic ratios, along with other elemental compositions, are used to determine if the Aral Sea sediments are an important source of air pollution to Central Asia. Ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 10 mu m (PM10) samples were collected every other day and included dust and non-dust events at the Bishkek and LIDAR (in Teploklyuchenka) in Kyrgyzstan. Soil samples also were collected in the vicinity of the air sampling sites, resuspended, and sized as PM10 for chemical analysis. The average Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio for the Aral Sea sediments was 0.70992 (range, 0.70951 - 0.71064), which is less radiogenic than the surface soils in Kyrgyzstan showing an average ratio of 0.71579 (range, 0.71448 - 0.71739). In contrast, the airborne PM10 collected in Kyrgyzstan had an average 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.71177 (range, 0.70946 - 0.71335), which is between the two ratios, indicating a possible mixture of sources. However, no differences in Sr ratios were observed between dust and non-dust events, which implies that the impact of Aral Sea sediments on the sampling sites is minimal. The element enrichment factors and stable Pb isotope ratios are employed to further understand the source of PM10 to. Airborne PM10 are characterized by enrichments in elements like As, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, and Zn at both sampling sites. The mean (K/Pb) ratio for aerosols is similar to 45 and for soils is similar to 800, which suggest that the aerosols contain a significant fraction of anthropogenic source of airborne Pb in Kyrgyzstan. Pb-208/Pb-206 ratios are higher for aerosols compared to the Kyrgyzstan soils and Aral Sea sediments also suggesting that Pb is most likely present due to anthropogenic sources. C1 [Dewan, Nitika; Majestic, Brian J.] Univ Denver, Dept Chem & Biochem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ketterer, Michael E.] Metropolitan State Univ Denver, Dept Chem, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [Miller-Schulze, Justin P.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Chem, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Shafer, Martin M.; Schauer, James J.] Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53718 USA. [Shafer, Martin M.; Schauer, James J.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Solomon, Paul A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Artamonova, Maria] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow 109017, Russia. [Chen, Boris B.; Imashev, Sanjar A.] Kyrgyz Russian Slav Univ, Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan. [Carmichael, Gregory R.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Majestic, BJ (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Chem & Biochem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM brian.majestic@du.edu RI Imashev, Sanjar/I-7667-2016 OI Imashev, Sanjar/0000-0003-3293-3764 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3110-8 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2015 VL 1210 BP 79 EP 98 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE3SA UT WOS:000371198800004 ER PT S AU Wheeler, WJ AF Wheeler, William J. BE Johnston, RJ Rolfe, J Rosenberger, RS Brouwer, R TI Benefit Transfer for Water Quality Regulatory Rulemaking in the United States SO BENEFIT TRANSFER OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESOURCE VALUES: A GUIDE FOR RESEARCHERS AND PRACTITIONERS SE Economics of Non-Market Goods and Resources LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Water quality valuation; Regulatory impact analysis; Benefit transfer ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; IMPROVEMENTS; METAANALYSIS; VALUATION AB This chapter describes the use of benefit transfer in Regulatory Impact Analyses for surface water quality regulations at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It begins by explaining the regulatory framework at the EPA and existing guidance on the use of benefit transfer. It then describes how benefit transfer has been applied in practice for water quality RIAs and how that practice has changed over time: from the use of unit value transfers to more sophisticated function and meta-analytic transfers. The chapter concludes with observations about the practical application of benefit transfer methods at the EPA and how this practice diverges from the academic literature. C1 [Wheeler, William J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Wheeler, WJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Wheeler.william@epa.gov NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-487X BN 978-94-017-9930-0; 978-94-017-9929-4 J9 ECON NON-MARK GOOD PY 2015 VL 14 BP 101 EP 115 DI 10.1007/978-94-017-9930-0_6 D2 10.1007/978-94-017-9930-0 PG 15 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE1PO UT WOS:000368358100007 ER PT S AU Luo, PP Apip He, B Takara, K Duan, WL Hu, MC Nover, D AF Luo, Pingping Apip He, Bin Takara, Kaoru Duan, Weili Hu, Maochuan Nover, Daniel BE Li, J Yang, X TI Modelling Shallow Landslide Risk Using GIS and a Distributed Hydro-geotechnical Model SO MONITORING AND MODELING OF GLOBAL CHANGES: A GEOMATICS PERSPECTIVE SE Springer Remote Sensing Photogrammetry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE GIS; Distributed hydro-geotechnical model; Shallow landslide risk; Probability; Kyushu Island ID PHYSICALLY-BASED MODEL; HAZARD; SCALE AB GIS and distributed hydrological models are important tools for shallow landslide prediction, particularly as such disasters are exacerbated by global change driven changes in precipitation regimes. The main objective of this chapter is to outline a detailed methodology for shallow landslide risk assessment using GIS and a hydrological model. We have developed a method to assess shallow landslide risk using GIS tools and a distributed hydrological model and further used this method to analyze the probability of shallow landslides in a case study. The physically based distributed landslide model was developed by integrating a grid-based distributed kinematic wave rainfall-runoff model combined with an infinite slope stability module. Application of the model to assess shallow landslide risk using rainfall data for Kyushu Island shows that the model can successfully predict the effect of rainfall distribution and intensity on the driving variables that trigger shallow landslides. The modeling system has broad applicability for shallow landslide prediction and warning. C1 [Luo, Pingping] United Nations Univ, Inst Adv Study Sustainabil UNU IAS, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Luo, Pingping; Takara, Kaoru] Kyoto Univ, DPRI, Uji, Kyoto, Japan. [Apip] Indonesian Inst Sci LIPI, Limnol Res Ctr, Cibinong, Indonesia. [He, Bin; Duan, Weili] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Key Lab Watershed Geog Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Hu, Maochuan] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Earth Resources Engn, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158530, Japan. [Nover, Daniel] US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Luo, PP (reprint author), United Nations Univ, Inst Adv Study Sustainabil UNU IAS, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. EM luoping198121@gmail.com; apip@limnologi.lipi.go.id; hebin@niglas.ac.cn; takara.kaoru.7v@kyoto-u.ac.jp; wlduan@nislas.ac.cn; hu-maochuan@163.com; dmnover@gmail.com NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2198-0721 BN 978-94-017-9813-6; 978-94-017-9812-9 J9 SPRING REMOTE SENS P PY 2015 BP 221 EP 240 DI 10.1007/978-94-017-9813-6_11 D2 10.1007/978-94-017-9813-6 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BE0OH UT WOS:000366486500012 ER PT B AU Cascio, WE AF Cascio, Wayne E. BE Wang, H Patterson, C Pratico, D Jain, MK Yang, X Sibinga, NES Feinberg, MW TI LIFE STYLE SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS: RISKS, MECHANISMS, AND THERAPIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; MATTER AIR-POLLUTION; HEINZ NIXDORF RECALL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; TOBACCO-SMOKE C1 [Cascio, Wayne E.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cascio, Wayne E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Cascio, WE (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-82853-3; 978-1-118-28591-6 PY 2015 BP 93 EP 103 D2 10.1002/9781118828533 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA BE2JJ UT WOS:000369411200010 ER PT S AU Perkins, E Garcia-Reyero, N Edwards, S Wittwehr, C Villeneuve, D Lyons, D Ankley, G AF Perkins, Edward Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Edwards, Stephen Wittwehr, Clemens Villeneuve, Daniel Lyons, David Ankley, Gerald BE Hoeng, J Peitsch, MC TI The Adverse Outcome Pathway: A Conceptual Framework to Support Toxicity Testing in the Twenty-First Century SO COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS TOXICOLOGY SE Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Predictive toxicology; Ecotoxicology; Key events; Computational biology; Network science; Risk assessment ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; HUMAN RELEVANCE FRAMEWORK; FOLLICULAR CELL TUMORS; EARLY FISH DEVELOPMENT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; FATHEAD MINNOW; CANCER MODE; NETWORK INFERENCE; THYROID-HORMONE; IPCS FRAMEWORK AB The need to rapidly characterize the risk of large numbers of chemicals has moved the traditional toxicological paradigm from animal testing to a pathway-based approach using in vitro assay systems and modeling where possible. Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) provide a conceptual framework that can be used to link in vitro assay results to whole animal effects in a pathway context. AOPs are defined and examples are provided to demonstrate key characteristics of AOPs. To support development and application of AOPs, a knowledge base has been developed containing a Wiki site designed to permit documentation of AOPs in a crowd-sourced manner. Both empirical and computational methods are demonstrated to play a significant role in AOP development. The combination of computational approaches, including different modeling efforts, together with apical end points within the pathway-based framework will allow for a better understanding of the linkage of events from a molecular initiating event to a potential adverse outcome, therefore defi ning key events, AOPs, and even networks of AOPS. While these approaches are indeed very promising, the ability to understand and defi ne key events and key event relationships will remain one of the more complex and challenging efforts within AOP development. In order to make AOPs useful for risk assessment these challenges need to be understood and overcome. An interdisciplinary approach including apical and molecular measurements, computational, and modeling efforts is currently being one of the most promising approaches to ensure AOPs become the useful framework they were designed to be. C1 [Perkins, Edward] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Mississippi State Univ, Inst Genom Biocomp & Biotechnol, Starkville, MS USA. [Edwards, Stephen; Lyons, David] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wittwehr, Clemens] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Syst Toxicol Unit, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Villeneuve, Daniel; Ankley, Gerald] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. RP Perkins, E (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. RI Lyons, David/G-3459-2011 OI Lyons, David/0000-0002-2966-5634 NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1557-2153 BN 978-1-4939-2778-4; 978-1-4939-2777-7 J9 METHOD PHARMACOL TOX JI Methods Pharmacol. Toxicol. PY 2015 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2778-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-2778-4 PG 26 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BE1QP UT WOS:000368400200002 ER PT S AU Fowle, JR AF Fowle, John Jack R., III BE Levy, IJ Middlecamp, CH TI Harnessing Advances in Biology and Computing To Advance Chemistry: A Regulatory Toxicology Perspective SO TEACHING AND LEARNING ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sustain-Mix: Sustainabily across the Society / 248th American-Chemical-Society Meeting and Exposition CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ, San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ HO Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ ID RISK-ASSESSMENT AB Continuing advances in high speed computing and in the understanding of the biological basis of life have enabled a systems approach to assess chemical toxicity. They provide a promise to more efficiently evaluate risk potential after chemical exposure to humans and the environment, and they also provide a promise to design sustainable chemicals and chemical products. Building on the National Research Council's 2007 report "Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy" this chapter presents an overview of the multidisciplinary approaches being developed to integrate science across enabling technologies to develop a mechanistic understanding of toxicology and to use this emerging understanding to predict adverse outcomes. National and international efforts to develop a new paradigm for risk assessment will be mentioned in the context of safe food and drugs, sustainable "green" chemistry, human health and environmental protection. C1 [Fowle, John Jack R., III] Sci Inform LLC, Pittsboro, NC 27312 USA. [Fowle, John Jack R., III] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Fowle, JR (reprint author), Sci Inform LLC, 155 Terrells Mtn, Pittsboro, NC 27312 USA. EM jackfowle@aol.com NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3104-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2015 VL 1205 BP 37 EP 58 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BE1OS UT WOS:000368305400004 ER PT J AU Moriasi, DN Zeckoski, RW Arnold, JG Baffaut, CB Malone, RW Daggupati, P Guzman, JA Saraswat, D Yuan, Y Wilson, BW Shirmohammadi, A Douglas-Mankin, KR AF Moriasi, D. N. Zeckoski, R. W. Arnold, J. G. Baffaut, C. B. Malone, R. W. Daggupati, P. Guzman, J. A. Saraswat, D. Yuan, Y. Wilson, B. W. Shirmohammadi, A. Douglas-Mankin, K. R. TI HYDROLOGIC AND WATER QUALITY MODELS: KEY CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION TOPICS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE ASABE; Calibration; Guidelines; Hydrologic models; Recommendations; Synthesis; Validation ID GOODNESS-OF-FIT; UNCERTAINTY; PERFORMANCE; SOIL; METHODOLOGY; GUIDELINES; SCIENCE AB As a continuation of efforts to provide a common background and platform for development of calibration and validation (C/V) guidelines for hydrologic and water quality (H/WQ) modeling, ASABE members worked to determine critical topics related to model C/V, perform a synthesis of a previously published special collection of articles and other relevant literature, and provide topic-specific recommendations based on the synthesis as well as personal modeling expertise. This article introduces a special collection of nine research articles covering key topics related to calibration and validation of H/WQ models. The topics include: terminology, hydrologic processes and model representation, spatial and temporal scales, model parameterization, C/V strategies, sensitivity, uncertainty, performance measures and criteria, and documentation and reporting. The main objective of this introductory article is to introduce and summarize key aspects of these topics, including recommendations. Individually, the articles provide model practitioners with detailed topic-specific recommendations related to model calibration, validation, and use. Collectively, the articles present recommendations to enhance H/WQ modeling. C1 [Moriasi, D. N.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Zeckoski, R. W.] Zeckoski Engn, Charlotte, NC USA. [Arnold, J. G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX USA. [Baffaut, C. B.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Malone, R. W.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Daggupati, P.] Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agrilife Res, College Stn, TX USA. [Guzman, J. A.] Waterborne Environm Inc, Champaign, IL USA. [Saraswat, D.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Yuan, Y.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NERL ESD Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Wilson, B. W.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Biosyst & Agr Engn, St Paul, MN 55455 USA. [Shirmohammadi, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shirmohammadi, A.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Agr Expt Stn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Douglas-Mankin, K. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Everglades Program Team, ARM Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Boynton Beach, FL USA. RP Moriasi, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM daniel.moriasi@ars.usda.gov RI Daggupati, Prasad/D-8886-2017 OI Daggupati, Prasad/0000-0002-7044-3435 NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2015 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1609 EP 1618 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA DB2MC UT WOS:000368341900016 ER PT J AU Yuan, Y Khare, Y Wang, X Parajuli, PB Kisekka, I Finsterle, S AF Yuan, Y. Khare, Y. Wang, X. Parajuli, P. B. Kisekka, I. Finsterle, S. TI HYDROLOGIC AND WATER QUALITY MODELS: SENSITIVITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic and water quality modeling; One-at-a-time; Parameters; Sensitivity analysis; Sensitivity measures; Sensitivity methods ID MIKE-SHE MODEL; SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; GLOBAL SENSITIVITY; SWAT MODEL; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSES; SIMULATION-MODELS; PARAMETER SENSITIVITY; DRAINMOD PREDICTIONS; GLUE METHODOLOGY; INPUT VARIABLES AB This article is part of a collection of articles that provides a comprehensive description of hydrologic and water quality (H/WQ) model calibration and validation concepts and processes. Sensitivity analysis (SA), which is often used to quantify the strength of relationships between model inputs and outputs, is an essential evaluation of any kind of modeling. SA is crucial in H/WQ models due to various aspects involved in H/WQ modeling processes, such as empiricism, spatiotemporal scales, and complexity, that require an assessment of parameters' influence on the model's prediction. This study synthesized SA applications for 25 H/WQ models in the special collection on model use, calibration, and validation published in 2012 and provides guidance on their future applications. Commonly used SA methods are summarized along with tools to implement them. While SA was not employed for all 25 models in the special collection, a wide range of SA methods (from partial derivatives to variance-based global methods) and sensitivity measures (from scatter plots to variance decomposition measures) were used in the literature. Some model parameters were found to be important in most sensitivity applications performed for the models; however, their relative importance varied from study to study, underscoring the necessity of SA for every new model application. Nevertheless, summarizing important model parameters can still serve as a starting point for model users. Since most studies concentrated on model parameters alone; future SA applications in H/WQ modeling should also consider other inputs (climate data, boundary conditions, etc.) and non-parametric aspects, such as features and processes considered in the model. C1 [Yuan, Y.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NERL ESD Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Khare, Y.] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. [Wang, X.] Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Parajuli, P. B.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kisekka, I.] Kansas State Univ, Southwest Area Extens, Garden City, KS USA. [Finsterle, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yuan, Y (reprint author), POB 93478,944 East Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM yuan.yongping@epa.gov RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906 NR 161 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2015 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1721 EP 1744 PG 24 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA DB2MC UT WOS:000368341900022 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Pavlisko, EN Roggli, VL AF Ghio, Andrew J. Pavlisko, Elizabeth N. Roggli, Victor L. TI Iron and Iron-Related Proteins in Asbestosis SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PATHOLOGY TOXICOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asbestos; asbestosis; iron; divalent metal transporter 1; ferritin; metal transport protein 1 ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; LUNG-TISSUE; PATHOGENESIS; TRANSPORTER; EXPRESSION; GENERATION; INCREASES; CLONING; UPDATE; FE3+ AB We tested the postulate that iron homeostasis is altered among patients diagnosed to have asbestosis. Lung tissue from six individuals diagnosed to have had asbestosis at autopsy was stained for iron, ferritin, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), and ferroportin 1 (FPN1). Slides from six individuals having pneumonectomy for lung cancer were employed as controls. Lung tissue from those patients with asbestosis demonstrated stainable iron, whereas control lung tissue did not. Staining for this metal was observed predominantly in airway and alveolar macrophages. Expression of the iron-related proteins ferritin, DMT1, and FPN1 was elevated in lung tissue from the six asbestosis patients relative to controls. This increased expression of iron-transport and iron-storage proteins was evident in both airway and alveolar epithelial cells. Asbestos bodies were abundant in lung tissue from patients diagnosed to have had asbestosis. While staining for iron, ferruginous bodies did not demonstrate uptake of antibodies for ferritin. DMT1. and FPN1. We conclude that iron homeostasis is altered in lung disease among those diagnosed to have asbestosis with an accumulation of the metal and a modified expression of iron-related proteins being evident. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27711 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Facil, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27711 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX This investigation was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. This report has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI DANBURY PA 50 NORTH ST, DANBURY, CT 06810 USA SN 0731-8898 EI 2162-6537 J9 J ENVIRON PATHOL TOX JI J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. PY 2015 VL 34 IS 4 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2015013397 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA DB3BM UT WOS:000368384600001 PM 26756421 ER PT J AU Cabezas, H Heckl, I Bertok, B Friedler, F AF Cabezas, Heriberto Heckl, Istvan Bertok, Botond Friedler, Ferenc TI Use the P-graph Framework to Design Supply Chains for Sustainability SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNCERTAINTY C1 [Cabezas, Heriberto] US EPA, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Cabezas, Heriberto; Heckl, Istvan; Bertok, Botond; Friedler, Ferenc] Univ Pannonia, Pannonia, Hungary. RP Cabezas, H (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20004 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0360-7275 EI 1945-0710 J9 CHEM ENG PROG JI Chem. Eng. Prog. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 111 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA DA5TI UT WOS:000367865100016 ER PT J AU Yu, F Luo, G Pryor, SC Pillai, PR Lee, SH Ortega, J Schwab, JJ Hallar, AG Leaitch, WR Aneja, VP Smith, JN Walker, JT Hogrefe, O Demerjian, KL AF Yu, F. Luo, G. Pryor, S. C. Pillai, P. R. Lee, S. H. Ortega, J. Schwab, J. J. Hallar, A. G. Leaitch, W. R. Aneja, V. P. Smith, J. N. Walker, J. T. Hogrefe, O. Demerjian, K. L. TI Spring and summer contrast in new particle formation over nine forest areas in North America SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SIZE-DISTRIBUTION; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; NUCLEATION; MODEL; GROWTH; RATES; ACID; UNCERTAINTY AB Recent laboratory chamber studies indicate a significant role for highly oxidized low-volatility organics in new particle formation (NPF), but the actual role of these highly oxidized low-volatility organics in atmospheric NPF remains uncertain. Here, particle size distributions (PSDs) measured in nine forest areas in North America are used to characterize the occurrence and intensity of NPF and to evaluate model simulations using an empirical formulation in which formation rate is a function of the concentrations of sulfuric acid and low-volatility organics from alpha-pinene oxidation (Nucl-Org), and using an ion-mediated nucleation mechanism (excluding organics) (Nucl-IMN). On average, NPF occurred on similar to 70% of days during March for the four forest sites with springtime PSD measurements, while NPF occurred on only similar to 10% of days in July for all nine forest sites. Both Nucl-Org and Nucl-IMN schemes capture the observed high frequency of NPF in spring, but the Nucl-Org scheme significantly overpredicts while the Nucl-IMN scheme slightly underpredicts NPF and particle number concentrations in summer. Statistical analyses of observed and simulated ultrafine particle number concentrations and frequency of NPF events indicate that the scheme without organics agrees better overall with observations. The two schemes predict quite different nucleation rates (including their spatial patterns), concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei, and aerosol first indirect radiative forcing in North America, highlighting the need to reduce NPF uncertainties in regional and global earth system models. C1 [Yu, F.; Luo, G.; Schwab, J. J.; Hogrefe, O.; Demerjian, K. L.] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Luo, G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Pryor, S. C.; Aneja, V. P.; Walker, J. T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lee, S. H.] Kent State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Ortega, J.; Smith, J. N.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hallar, A. G.] Desert Res Inst, Storm Peak Lab, Steamboat Springs, CO 80488 USA. [Leaitch, W. R.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Smith, J. N.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio 70211, Finland. [Walker, J. T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27711 USA. RP Yu, F (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, 251 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM fyu@albany.edu RI Yu, Fangqun/F-3708-2011; Hallar, Anna Gannet/I-9104-2012; Smith, James/C-5614-2008; OI Yu, Fangqun/0000-0003-0874-4883; Hallar, Anna Gannet/0000-0001-9972-0056; Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224; Pryor, S.C./0000-0003-4847-3440 FU NASA [NNX13AK20G, NNX11AQ72G]; US National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF [1517365]; US Department of Energy [DE-SC0011664]; NASA's Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program FX This study was supported by NASA under grants NNX13AK20G and NNX11AQ72G, and the US National Science Foundation (NSF). S. C. Pryor acknowledges financial support from NSF (no. 1517365). J. J. Schwab acknowledges funding from the US Department of Energy, contract DE-SC0011664. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the US National Science Foundation. The Steamboat Ski Resort provided logistical support and in-kind donations to Storm Peak Laboratory. The Desert Research Institute, which owns and operates Storm Peak Laboratory, is a permittee of the Medicine-Bow Routt National Forests and is an equal opportunity service provider and employer. Ian McCubbin provided technical assistance with the maintenance and data quality control for the aerosol instruments at SPL, and we are grateful. The GEOS-Chem model is managed by the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group at Harvard University with support from NASA's Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 24 BP 13993 EP 14003 DI 10.5194/acp-15-13993-2015 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ8YE UT WOS:000367384200009 ER PT J AU Shephard, MW McLinden, CA Cady-Pereira, KE Luo, M Moussa, SG Leithead, A Liggio, J Staebler, RM Akingunola, A Makar, P Lehr, P Zhang, J Henze, DK Millet, DB Bash, JO Zhu, L Wells, KC Capps, SL Chaliyakunnel, S Gordon, M Hayden, K Brook, JR Wolde, M Li, SM AF Shephard, M. W. McLinden, C. A. Cady-Pereira, K. E. Luo, M. Moussa, S. G. Leithead, A. Liggio, J. Staebler, R. M. Akingunola, A. Makar, P. Lehr, P. Zhang, J. Henze, D. K. Millet, D. B. Bash, J. O. Zhu, L. Wells, K. C. Capps, S. L. Chaliyakunnel, S. Gordon, M. Hayden, K. Brook, J. R. Wolde, M. Li, S. -M. TI Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) satellite observations of ammonia, methanol, formic acid, and carbon monoxide over the Canadian oil sands: validation and model evaluation SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL AIR-QUALITY; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETER; BIOMASS BURNING PLUMES; ACETIC-ACIDS; ATMOSPHERIC METHANOL; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTIONS; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; DAILY MORTALITY AB The wealth of air quality information provided by satellite infrared observations of ammonia (NH3), carbon monoxide (CO), formic acid (HCOOH), and methanol (CH3OH) is currently being explored and used for a number of applications, especially at regional or global scales. These applications include air quality monitoring, trend analysis, emissions, and model evaluation. This study provides one of the first direct validations of Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) satellite-retrieved profiles of NH3, CH3OH, and HCOOH through comparisons with coincident aircraft profiles. The comparisons are performed over the Canadian oil sands region during the intensive field campaign (August-September, 2013) in support of the Joint Canada-Alberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring (JOSM). The satellite/aircraft comparisons over this region during this period produced errors of (i) +0.08 +/- 0.25 ppbv for NH3, (ii) +7.5 +/- 23 ppbv for CO, (iii) +0.19 +/- 0.46 ppbv for HCOOH, and (iv) 1.1 +/- 0.39 ppbv for CH3OH. These values mostly agree with previously estimated retrieval errors; however, the relatively large negative bias in CH3OH and the significantly greater positive bias for larger HCOOH and CO values observed during this study warrant further investigation. Satellite and aircraft ammonia observations during the field campaign are also used in an initial effort to perform preliminary evaluations of Environment Canada's Global Environmental Multi-scale-Modelling Air quality and CHemistry (GEM-MACH) air quality modelling system at high resolution (2.5 +/- 2.5 km(2). These initial results indicate a model underprediction of similar to 0.6 ppbv (similar to 60 %) for NH3, during the field campaign period. The TES/model CO comparison differences are similar to+20 ppbv (similar to +20 %), but given that under these conditions the TES/aircraft comparisons also show a small positive TES CO bias indicates that the overall model underprediction of CO is closer to similar to 10% at 681 hPa (similar to 3 km) during this period. C1 [Shephard, M. W.; McLinden, C. A.; Moussa, S. G.; Leithead, A.; Liggio, J.; Staebler, R. M.; Akingunola, A.; Makar, P.; Lehr, P.; Zhang, J.; Gordon, M.; Hayden, K.; Brook, J. R.; Li, S. -M.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Cady-Pereira, K. E.] AER, Lexington, MA USA. [Luo, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Henze, D. K.; Capps, S. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Millet, D. B.; Wells, K. C.; Chaliyakunnel, S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bash, J. O.; Capps, S. L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhu, L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gordon, M.] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Wolde, M.] Natl Res Council NRC Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Shephard, MW (reprint author), Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM mark.shephard@ec.gc.ca RI Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Capps, Shannon/E-5602-2017 OI Capps, Shannon/0000-0002-6872-6604 FU NSF [1148951]; Joint Canada-Alberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring; Clean Air Regulatory Agenda (CARA); NASA ACMAP [NNX10AG63G] FX We would like to thank Susan S. Kulawik for helping provide us with the original updated TES version 6 lite files and Craig Stroud for his helpful discussions and support with the back-trajectory analysis. We would like to acknowledge other members of the aircraft team for their contributions to the airborne measurements used to validate the satellite observations, in particular Andrew Budden, Stewart Cober, Andrea Darlington, Andrew Elford, Anthony Liu, Peter Liu, Aaron McCay, Robert McLaren, Bill McMurty, Richard L. Mittermeier, Julie Narayan, Jason O'Brien, Andrew Sheppard, Ka Sung, Danny Wang, Mohammad Wasey, and the National Research Council Flight Research Laboratory team. We would also like thank the other members of the oil sands modelling working group for their insights on the initial GEM-MACH ammonia simulations over the oil sands region, in particular Michael Moran. Work at the University of Minnesota was supported by NSF (grant no. 1148951). Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official agency policy. This study was supported in part by the Joint Canada-Alberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring, the Clean Air Regulatory Agenda (CARA), and NASA ACMAP (grant no. NNX10AG63G). NR 113 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 5189 EP 5211 DI 10.5194/amt-8-5189-2015 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ8YI UT WOS:000367384600011 ER PT J AU Baig, RBN Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Baig, R. B. Nasir Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Cyclic Sulfamidate Enabled Syntheses of Amino Acids, Peptides, Carbohydrates, and Natural Products SO ALDRICHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE regiospecific; stereospecific; ring-opening; unnatural amino acid; chiral building block; natural product; cyclic sulfamidate ID C-H AMINATION; CATALYZED INTRAMOLECULAR AMIDATION; ASYMMETRIC TRANSFER HYDROGENATION; ALPHA-PHOSPHONO LACTAMS; STEREOSELECTIVE-SYNTHESIS; ENANTIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; SULFAMATE ESTERS; BURGESS REAGENT; NUCLEOPHILIC DISPLACEMENTS; EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS AB This article reviews the emergence of cyclic sulfamidates as versatile intermediates for the synthesis of unnatural amino acids, chalcogen peptides, modified sugars, drugs and drug candidates, and important natural products. C1 [Baig, R. B. Nasir; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Baig, RBN (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov FU Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory FX R. B. Nasir Baig was supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU ALDRICH CHEMICAL CO INC PI MILWAUKEE PA 1001 WEST SAINT PAUL AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53233 USA SN 0002-5100 J9 ALDRICHIM ACTA JI Aldrichimica Acta PY 2015 VL 48 IS 3 BP 71 EP 80 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA CZ2VL UT WOS:000366962600002 ER PT J AU Lalley, J Han, C Mohan, GR Dionysiou, DD Speth, TF Garland, J Nadagouda, MN AF Lalley, Jacob Han, Changseok Mohan, Gayathri Ram Dionysiou, Dionysios D. Speth, Thomas F. Garland, Jay Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. TI Phosphate removal using modified Bayoxide (R) E33 adsorption media SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL PHOSPHORUS FLOWS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; RED MUD; IRON-OXIDES; WASTE-WATER; STEEL SLAG; FLY-ASH; GOETHITE; ADSORBENT; SURFACE AB The adsorption of phosphate onto modified Bayoxide (R) E33 (E33) and underlying mechanisms were comparatively investigated by batch kinetics, sorption isotherms, rapid small-scale column tests, and material characterization. Synthesis of modified E33 was conducted by the addition of manganese and silver nanoparticles on the surface of the goethite (alpha-FeOOH)-based E33. Upon successful adsorbent synthesis, the materials were characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, HR-TEM, and BET surface area analysis. The adsorption kinetics is described by a fast initial adsorption stage followed by a slow adsorption stage, complying with pseudo second-order kinetics and Elovich kinetics. Sorption isotherms revealed that the equilibrium capacity of one of the modified adsorbents (E33/AgII) exceeded that of unmodified E33 likely due to its increased BET surface area. Column experiments confirmed the results for adsorption kinetics and equilibrium of phosphate sorption onto E33 and modified E33. This suggests that media modification has the potential to improve phosphate removal properties. C1 [Lalley, Jacob; Han, Changseok; Speth, Thomas F.; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD,WQMB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lalley, Jacob; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, DBCEE, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Han, Changseok; Mohan, Gayathri Ram] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Garland, Jay] US EPA, ORD, NERL, MCEARD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Nadagouda, MN (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD,WQMB, 26 W Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Nadagouda.mallikarjuna@epa.gov NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2053-1400 EI 2053-1419 J9 ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES JI Environ. Sci.-Wat. Res. Technol. PY 2015 VL 1 IS 1 BP 96 EP 107 DI 10.1039/c4ew00020j PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CZ1UA UT WOS:000366889800013 ER PT J AU Zhu, L Henze, D Bash, J Jeong, GR Cady-Pereira, K Shephard, M Luo, M Paulot, F Capps, S AF Zhu, L. Henze, D. Bash, J. Jeong, G. -R. Cady-Pereira, K. Shephard, M. Luo, M. Paulot, F. Capps, S. TI Global evaluation of ammonia bidirectional exchange and livestock diurnal variation schemes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOSPHERE-ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; AIR-QUALITY MODEL; UNITED-STATES; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; GEOS-CHEM; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; PARTICULATE MATTER AB Bidirectional air-surface exchange of ammonia (NH3) has been neglected in many air quality models. In this study, we implement the bidirectional exchange of NH3 in the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model. We also introduce an updated diurnal variability scheme for NH3 livestock emissions and evaluate the recently developed MASAGE_NH3 bottom-up inventory. While updated diurnal variability improves comparison of modeled-to-hourly in situ measurements in the southeastern USA, NH3 concentrations decrease throughout the globe, up to 17 ppb in India and southeastern China, with corresponding decreases in aerosol nitrate by up to 7 mu g m(-3). The ammonium (NH4+) soil pool in the bidirectional exchange model largely extends the NH3 lifetime in the atmosphere. Including bidirectional exchange generally increases NH3 gross emissions (7.1 %) and surface concentrations (up to 3.9 ppb) throughout the globe in July, except in India and southeastern China. In April and October, it decreases NH3 gross emissions in the Northern Hemisphere (e.g., 43.6 % in April in China) and increases NH3 gross emissions in the Southern Hemisphere. Bidirectional exchange does not largely impact NH4+ wet deposition overall. While bidirectional exchange is fundamentally a better representation of NH3 emissions from fertilizers, emissions from primary sources are still underestimated and thus significant model biases remain when compared to in situ measurements in the USA. The adjoint of bidirectional exchange has also been developed for the GEOS-Chem model and is used to investigate the sensitivity of NH3 concentrations with respect to soil pH and fertilizer application rate. This study thus lays the groundwork for future inverse modeling studies to more directly constrain these physical processes rather than tuning bulk unidirectional NH3 emissions. C1 [Zhu, L.; Henze, D.; Jeong, G. -R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bash, J.; Jeong, G. -R.; Capps, S.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Cady-Pereira, K.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Shephard, M.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Luo, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Paulot, F.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Paulot, F.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Henze, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM daven.henze@colorado.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Capps, Shannon/E-5602-2017 OI Capps, Shannon/0000-0002-6872-6604 FU NASA [NNX09AN77G, NNX10AG63G]; EPA STAR award [RD834559] FX This work is supported by NASA grants NNX09AN77G and NNX10AG63G and EPA STAR award RD834559. While this manuscript has been reviewed by the Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication, it may not reflect official agency views or policies. NR 68 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 22 BP 12823 EP 12843 DI 10.5194/acp-15-12823-2015 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX8TM UT WOS:000365977100008 ER PT J AU Gantt, B Kelly, JT Bash, JO AF Gantt, B. Kelly, J. T. Bash, J. O. TI Updating sea spray aerosol emissions in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 5.0.2 SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY MARINE AEROSOL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SALT AEROSOL; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; WATER TEMPERATURE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; NITRIC-ACID; PARTICLES AB Sea spray aerosols (SSAs) impact the particle mass concentration and gas-particle partitioning in coastal environments, with implications for human and ecosystem health. Model evaluations of SSA emissions have mainly focused on the global scale, but regional-scale evaluations are also important due to the localized impact of SSAs on atmospheric chemistry near the coast. In this study, SSA emissions in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model were updated to enhance the fine-mode size distribution, include sea surface temperature (SST) dependency, and reduce surf-enhanced emissions. Predictions from the updated CMAQ model and those of the previous release version, CMAQv5.0.2, were evaluated using several coastal and national observational data sets in the continental US. The updated emissions generally reduced model underestimates of sodium, chloride, and nitrate surface concentrations for coastal sites in the Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE) near Tampa, Florida. Including SST dependency to the SSA emission parameterization led to increased sodium concentrations in the southeastern US and decreased concentrations along parts of the Pacific coast and northeastern US. The influence of sodium on the gas-particle partitioning of nitrate resulted in higher nitrate particle concentrations in many coastal urban areas due to increased condensation of nitric acid in the updated simulations, potentially affecting the predicted nitrogen deposition in sensitive ecosystems. Application of the updated SSA emissions to the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) study period resulted in a modest improvement in the predicted surface concentration of sodium and nitrate at several central and southern California coastal sites. This update of SSA emissions enabled a more realistic simulation of the atmospheric chemistry in coastal environments where marine air mixes with urban pollution. C1 [Gantt, B.; Bash, J. O.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gantt, B.; Kelly, J. T.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bash, JO (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bash.jesse@epa.gov RI Kelly, James/F-8135-2010 OI Kelly, James/0000-0001-6574-5714 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through Office of Research and Development; Office of Research and Development, US EPA FX We would like to acknowledge use of Rodney Weber's continuous PM2.5 composition measurements from the Pasadena ground site and monitor data from the IMPROVE and CSN networks. We also thank Christopher Nolte for help in the analysis of the BRACE data set/aerosol size distributions, Kirk Baker for help in the development of the CalNex platform, and the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. This paper has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. B. Gantt is supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, US EPA, administered by ORISE. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 11 BP 3733 EP 3746 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-3733-2015 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CX8UQ UT WOS:000365980100013 ER PT J AU Mearns, AJ Reish, DJ Oshida, PS Ginn, T Rempel-Hester, MA Arthur, C Rutherford, N Pryor, R AF Mearns, Alan J. Reish, Donald J. Oshida, Philip S. Ginn, Thomas Rempel-Hester, Mary Ann Arthur, Courtney Rutherford, Nicolle Pryor, Rachel TI Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tissue residues; toxicity; bioaccumulation; biomagnification; biomarkers; sediment quality; ecological risk assessment; endocrine disrupters; nano particles; POPs; PCBs; PAHs; PBDEs; radionuclides; pharmaceuticals; personal care products; trace metals; pesticides; biomarkers; marine biocides; oil spills; dispersants; sewage; debris; dredging; eutrophication; human disturbance; Arctic; Antarctic ID DEEP-WATER-HORIZON; GULF-OF-MEXICO; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-MELASTIGMA; COPEPOD TIGRIOPUS-JAPONICUS; POLYCHAETE HEDISTE-DIVERSICOLOR; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; CLAM VENERUPIS-PHILIPPINARUM; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; MUSSEL PERNA-VIRIDIS AB This review covers selected 2014 articles on the biological effects of pollutants and human physical disturbances on marine and estuarine plants, animals, ecosystems and habitats. The review, based largely on journal articles, covers field and laboratory measurement activities (bioaccumulation of contaminants, field assessment surveys, toxicity testing and biomarkers) as well as pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, emerging contaminants, wastewater discharges, dredging and disposal, etc. Special emphasis is placed on effects of oil spills and marine debris due in part to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil blowout in the Gulf of Mexico and the 2011 Japanese tsunami. Several topical areas reviewed in the past (ballast water and ocean acidification) were dropped this year. The focus of this review is on effects, not pollutant fate and transport. There is considerable overlap across subject areas (e.g. some bioaccumulation papers may be cited in other topical categories). Please use keyword searching of the text to locate related but distributed papers. Use this review only as a guide and please consult the original papers before citing them. C1 [Mearns, Alan J.; Rutherford, Nicolle; Pryor, Rachel] NOAA, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reish, Donald J.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA USA. [Oshida, Philip S.] US EPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Ginn, Thomas] Exponent Inc, Sedona, AZ USA. [Rempel-Hester, Mary Ann] Aquat Toxicol Support, Bremerton, WA USA. [Arthur, Courtney] Ind Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Mearns, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Emergency Response Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alan.mearns@noaa.gov NR 406 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 44 U2 173 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 EI 1554-7531 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2015 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1718 EP 1816 DI 10.2175/106143015X14338845156380 PG 99 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CY5TB UT WOS:000366469200032 PM 26420104 ER PT B AU Pardo, LH Robin-Abbott, MJ Fenn, ME Goodale, CL Geiser, LH Driscoll, CT Allen, EB Baron, JS Bobbink, R Bowman, WD Clark, CM Bowman, WD Emmett, B Gilliam, FS Greaver, TL Hall, SJ Lilleskov, EA Liu, LL Lynch, JA Nadelhoffer, KJ Perakis, SJ Stoddard, JL Weathers, KC Dennis, RL AF Pardo, Linda H. Robin-Abbott, Molly J. Fenn, Mark E. Goodale, Christine L. Geiser, Linda H. Driscoll, Charles T. Allen, Edith B. Baron, Jill S. Bobbink, Roland Bowman, William D. Clark, Christopher M. Bowman, William D. Emmett, Bridget Gilliam, Frank S. Greaver, Tara L. Hall, Sharon J. Lilleskov, Erik A. Liu, Lingli Lynch, Jason A. Nadelhoffer, Knute J. Perakis, Steven J. Stoddard, John L. Weathers, Kathleen C. Dennis, Robin L. BE DeVries, W Hettelingh, JP Posch, M TI Effects and Empirical Critical Loads of Nitrogen for Ecoregions of the United States SO CRITICAL LOADS AND DYNAMIC RISK ASSESSMENTS: NITROGEN, ACIDITY AND METALS IN TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS SE Environmental Pollution Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; TEMPERATE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; DEPOSITION GRADIENT; ALPINE LAKES; HERBACEOUS LAYER; RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MONTANE ECOSYSTEMS C1 [Pardo, Linda H.; Robin-Abbott, Molly J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Burlington, VT USA. [Fenn, Mark E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. [Goodale, Christine L.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Geiser, Linda H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. [Driscoll, Charles T.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY USA. [Allen, Edith B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Baron, Jill S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Bobbink, Roland] B WARE Res Ctr, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Bowman, William D.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Clark, Christopher M.; Lynch, Jason A.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Emmett, Bridget] Environm Ctr Wales, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales. [Gilliam, Frank S.] Marshall Univ, Huntington, WV USA. [Greaver, Tara L.; Liu, Lingli; Dennis, Robin L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hall, Sharon J.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Lilleskov, Erik A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Houghton, MI USA. [Nadelhoffer, Knute J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Perakis, Steven J.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR USA. [Stoddard, John L.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR USA. [Weathers, Kathleen C.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. RP Pardo, LH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Burlington, VT USA. EM lpardo@fs.fed.us NR 149 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-017-9508-1; 978-94-017-9507-4 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT SER JI Environ. Pollut. Ser. PY 2015 VL 25 BP 129 EP 169 DI 10.1007/978-94-017-9508-1_5 D2 10.1007/978-94-017-9508-1 PG 41 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BE0AL UT WOS:000365670800006 ER PT J AU Gan, CM Pleim, J Mathur, R Hogrefe, C Long, CN Xing, J Wong, D Gilliam, R Wei, C AF Gan, C. -M. Pleim, J. Mathur, R. Hogrefe, C. Long, C. N. Xing, J. Wong, D. Gilliam, R. Wei, C. TI Assessment of long-term WRF-CMAQ simulations for understanding direct aerosol effects on radiation "brightening" in the United States SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; PART II; MODEL; TRENDS; SYSTEM; PERSPECTIVE; TERRAIN; SEARCH; DUST AB Long-term simulations with the coupled WRF-CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting-Community Multi-scale Air Quality) model have been conducted to systematically investigate the changes in anthropogenic emissions of SO2 and NOx over the past 16 years (1995-2010) across the United States (US), their impacts on anthropogenic aerosol loading over North America, and subsequent impacts on regional radiation budgets. In particular, this study attempts to determine the consequences of the changes in tropospheric aerosol burden arising from substantial reductions in emissions of SO2 and NOx associated with control measures under the Clean Air Act (CAA) especially on trends in solar radiation. Extensive analyses conducted by Gan et al. (2014a) utilizing observations (e.g., SURFRAD, CASTNET, IMPROVE, and ARM) over the past 16 years (1995-2010) indicate a shortwave (SW) radiation (both all-sky and clear-sky) "brightening" in the US. The relationship of the radiation brightening trend with decreases in the aerosol burden is less apparent in the western US. One of the main reasons for this is that the emission controls under the CAA were aimed primarily at reducing pollutants in areas violating national air quality standards, most of which were located in the eastern US, while the relatively less populated areas in the western US were less polluted at the beginning of this study period. Comparisons of model results with observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD), aerosol concentration, and radiation demonstrate that the coupled WRF-CMAQ model is capable of replicating the trends well even though it tends to underestimate the AOD. In particular, the sulfate concentration predictions were well matched with the observations. The discrepancies found in the clear-sky diffuse SW radiation are likely due to several factors such as the potential increase of ice particles associated with increasing air traffic, the definition of "clear-sky" in the radiation retrieval methodology, and aerosol semi-direct and/or indirect effects which cannot be readily isolated from the observed data. C1 [Gan, C. -M.; Pleim, J.; Mathur, R.; Hogrefe, C.; Xing, J.; Wong, D.; Gilliam, R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Long, C. N.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Long, C. N.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Wei, C.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Gan, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM chuenmeei@gmail.com RI wei, chao/E-4379-2011; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 FU US EPA; US Department of Energy [IA DE-SC0003782]; US Environmental Protection Agency [IA RW-89-9233260]; Climate Change Research Division of the US Department of Energy; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) FX This research was performed while Chuen-Meei Gan held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the US EPA. The research presented in this study was supported through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy (funding IA DE-SC0003782) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (funding IA RW-89-9233260). It has been subject to the US EPA's administrative review and approved for publication. The authors also would like thank John Augustine from NOAA-SURFRAD for his support and assistance in obtaining the SURFRAD data, as well as the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Global Monitoring Division (GMD) for their diligent efforts in operating and maintaining the SURFRAD sites. C. N. Long acknowledges the support of the Climate Change Research Division of the US Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) and Atmospheric System Research (ASR) programs, and the support of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES). The authors would like thank James Kelly from the US EPA for his comments. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 21 BP 12193 EP 12209 DI 10.5194/acp-15-12193-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CW9OV UT WOS:000365329000005 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Abraham, R Chung, SH Avise, J Lamb, B Salathe, EP Nolte, CG Loughlin, D Guenther, A Wiedinmyer, C Duhl, T Zhang, Y Streets, DG AF Gonzalez-Abraham, R. Chung, S. H. Avise, J. Lamb, B. Salathe, E. P., Jr. Nolte, C. G. Loughlin, D. Guenther, A. Wiedinmyer, C. Duhl, T. Zhang, Y. Streets, D. G. TI The effects of global change upon United States air quality SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SURFACE OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; SIMULATING CHANGES; ISOPRENE EMISSION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; EASTERN US AB To understand more fully the effects of global changes on ambient concentrations of ozone and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) in the United States (US), we conducted a comprehensive modeling effort to evaluate explicitly the effects of changes in climate, biogenic emissions, land use and global/regional anthropogenic emissions on ozone and PM2.5 concentrations and composition. Results from the ECHAM5 global climate model driven with the A1B emission scenario from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) were downscaled using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to provide regional meteorological fields. We developed air quality simulations using the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) chemical transport model for two nested domains with 220 and 36 km horizontal grid cell resolution for a semi-hemispheric domain and a continental United States (US) domain, respectively. The semi-hemispheric domain was used to evaluate the impact of projected global emissions changes on US air quality. WRF meteorological fields were used to calculate current (2000s) and future (2050s) biogenic emissions using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN). For the semi-hemispheric domain CMAQ simulations, present-day global emissions inventories were used and projected to the 2050s based on the IPCC A1B scenario. Regional anthropogenic emissions were obtained from the US Environmental Protection Agency National Emission Inventory 2002 (EPA NEI2002) and projected to the future using the MARKet ALlocation (MARKAL) energy system model assuming a business as usual scenario that extends current decade emission regulations through 2050. Our results suggest that daily maximum 8 h average ozone (DM8O) concentrations will increase in a range between 2 to 12 parts per billion (ppb) across most of the continental US. The highest increase occurs in the South, Central and Midwest regions of the US due to increases in temperature, enhanced biogenic emissions and changes in land use. The model predicts an average increase of 1-6 ppb in DM8O due to projected increase in global emissions of ozone precursors. The effects of these factors are only partially offset by reductions in DM8O associated with decreasing US anthropogenic emissions. lIncreases in PM2.5 levels between 4 and 10 mu g m(-3) in the Northeast, Southeast, Midwest and South regions are mostly a result of increase in primary anthropogenic particulate matter (PM), enhanced biogenic emissions and land use changes. Changes in boundary conditions shift the composition but do not alter overall simulated PM2.5 mass concentrations. C1 [Gonzalez-Abraham, R.; Chung, S. H.; Avise, J.; Lamb, B.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Avise, J.] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. [Salathe, E. P., Jr.] Univ Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA USA. [Nolte, C. G.; Loughlin, D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Guenther, A.; Wiedinmyer, C.; Duhl, T.; Zhang, Y.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gonzalez-Abraham, R (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM arodrigo@pdx.edu RI Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012 OI Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965 FU US Environmental Protection Agency Science To Achieve Results grants [RD 83336901-0, 838309621-0] FX This work was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency Science To Achieve Results grants RD 83336901-0 and 838309621-0. This paper has been cleared by the EPA's administrative review process and approved for publication. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 99 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 21 BP 12645 EP 12665 DI 10.5194/acp-15-12645-2015 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CW9OV UT WOS:000365329000028 ER PT S AU Postigo, C Jeong, CH Richardson, SD Wagner, ED Plewa, MJ Simmons, JE Barcelo, D AF Postigo, Cristina Jeong, Clara H. Richardson, Susan D. Wagner, Elizabeth D. Plewa, Michael J. Simmons, Jane Ellen Barcelo, Damia BE Karanfil, T Mitch, B Westerhoff, P Xie, Y TI Analysis, Occurrence, and Toxicity of Haloacetaldehydes in Drinking Waters: Iodoacetaldehyde as an Emerging Disinfection By-Product SO RECENT ADVANCES IN DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Occurrence, Formation, Health Effects and Control of Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water / 248th ACS National Meeting CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem, Water Res Fdn DE disinfection by-products; genotoxicity; cytotoxicity; occurrence; drinking waters; halogenated aldehydes; chloral hydrate; mammalian cells ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; SWIMMING POOL WATER; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; HALOGENATED ACETALDEHYDES; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; TREATED WATER; COMET ASSAY; CHLORAMINATION; REMOVAL AB Chlorinated and brominated haloacetaldehydes (HALs) are considered the 3rd largest class of disinfection by-products (DBPs) by weight. The iodinated HAL, iodoacetaldehyde, has been recently reported as an emerging DBP in finished drinking waters. Overall, iodinated DBPs, e.g., iodoacetic acids, iodoacetamides, and iodonitriles, are among the most genotoxic of all DBPs identified. In this context, this chapter reviews the analytical methods available to date to determine HALs in water, and the concentrations at which they are present in finished drinking waters. Since systematic toxicological effects have been only investigated for selected chloro- and bromo- HALs, a comparative study of the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of this DBP class to mammalian cells is also presented. C1 [Postigo, Cristina; Barcelo, Damia] IDAEA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & WaterRes, Dept Environm Chem, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Jeong, Clara H.; Wagner, Elizabeth D.; Plewa, Michael J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jeong, Clara H.; Wagner, Elizabeth D.; Plewa, Michael J.] Univ Illinois, Safe Global Water Inst, Ctr Adv Mat Purificat Water Syst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Richardson, Susan D.] Univ S Carolina, JM Palms Ctr GSR, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Simmons, Jane Ellen] US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Barcelo, Damia] Univ Girona, Catalan Inst Water Res ICRA, Girona 17003, Spain. RP Postigo, C (reprint author), IDAEA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & WaterRes, Dept Environm Chem, Carrer Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain. EM cprqam@cid.csic.es RI Postigo, Cristina/H-7876-2015 OI Postigo, Cristina/0000-0002-7344-7044 NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3076-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2015 VL 1190 BP 25 EP 43 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA BD9TH UT WOS:000365248800002 ER PT J AU Schreinemachers, DM Ghio, AJ Sobus, JR Williams, MA AF Schreinemachers, Dina M. Ghio, Andrew J. Sobus, Jon R. Williams, Marc A. TI Perchlorate Exposure is Associated with Oxidative Stress and Indicators of Serum Iron Homeostasis Among NHANES 2005-2008 Subjects SO BIOMARKER INSIGHTS LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; epidemiology; biomarkers; iron homeostasis ID THYROID-HORMONE LEVELS; URIC-ACID; DEFICIENCY; METABOLISM; FERRITIN; HEALTH; HYPOTHYROIDISM; TECHNOLOGIES; INFLAMMATION; REMOVAL AB Perchlorate (ClO4?), an oxidizing agent, is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Several studies have investigated its thyroid hormone disrupting properties. Its associations with other biological measures are largely unknown. This study, combining 20052008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, investigated associations between urinary perchlorate and biomarkers of iron homeostasis, lipids, blood cell counts, and glucose metabolism. Healthy males (n = 3705), non-pregnant females (n = 2967), and pregnant females (n = 356), aged 1259 years, were included in the linear regression models, which showed significant positive (+) and negative (-) associations for both males and non-pregnant females with serum uric acid (-), serum iron (-), RBC count (-), blood urea nitrogen (+), and lymphocyte count (+). Other significant associations were observed for either males or non-pregnant females. Among pregnant females, perchlorate was significantly associated with blood urea nitrogen (+) and serum iron (-). These associations may be indicators of perchlorate's potential effect on several biological systems, which when considered in total, may implicate perturbation of iron homeostasis. C1 [Schreinemachers, Dina M.; Ghio, Andrew J.; Williams, Marc A.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, ORD, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Sobus, Jon R.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, ORD, Durham, NC USA. RP Schreinemachers, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, ORD, Durham, NC 27709 USA. EM schreinemachers.dina@epa.gov NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIBERTAS ACAD PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 300-874, ALBANY 0752, AUCKLAND, 00000, NEW ZEALAND SN 1177-2719 J9 BIOMARK INSIGHTS JI Biomark. Insights PY 2015 VL 10 BP 9 EP 19 DI 10.4137/BMI.320089 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA CW6LW UT WOS:000365110000001 PM 25673971 ER PT J AU Sharma, VK Filip, J Zboril, R Varma, RS AF Sharma, Virender K. Filip, Jan Zboril, Radek Varma, Rajender S. TI Natural inorganic nanoparticles - formation, fate, and toxicity in the environment SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE-CHARGE; STABILITY; REDUCTION; TRANSFORMATION; SYSTEMS AB The synthesis, stability, and toxicity of engineered metal nanoparticles (ENPs) have been extensively studied during the past two decades. In contrast, research on the formation, fate, and ecological effects of naturally-occurring nanoparticles (NNPs) has become a focus of attention only recently. The natural existence of metal nanoparticles and their oxides/sulfides in waters, wastewaters, ore deposits, mining regions, and hydrothermal vents, as exemplified by the formation of nanoparticles containing silver and gold (AgNPs and AuNPs), Fe, Mn, pyrite (FeS2), Ag2S, CuS, CdS, and ZnS, is dictated largely by environmental conditions (temperature, pH, oxic/anoxic, light, and concentration and characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM)). Examples include the formation of nanoparticles containing pyrite, Cu and Zn-containing pyrite, and iron in hydrothermal vent black smoker emissions. Metal sulfide nanoparticles can be formed directly from their precursor ions or indirectly by sulfide ion-assisted transformation of the corresponding metal oxides under anaerobic conditions. This tutorial focuses on the formation mechanisms, fate, and toxicity of natural metal nanoparticles. Natural waters containing Ag(I) and Au(III) ions in the presence of NOM generate AgNPs and AuNPs under thermal, non-thermal, and photochemical conditions. These processes are significantly accelerated by existing redox species of iron (Fe(II)/Fe(III)). NOM, metal-NOM complexes, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O-2(center dot-), (OH)-O-center dot, and H2O2 are largely responsible for the natural occurrence of nanoparticles. AgNPs and AuNPs emanating from Ag(I)/Au(III)-NOM reactions are stable for several months, thus indicating their potential to be transported over long distances from their point of origin. However, endogenous cations present in natural waters can destabilize the nanoparticles, with divalent cations (e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+) being more influential than their monovalent equivalents (e.g., Na+, K+). The toxicity of NNPs may differ from that of ENPs because of differences in the coatings on the nanoparticle surfaces. An example of this phenomenon is presented and is briefly discussed. C1 [Sharma, Virender K.] Texas A&M Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Filip, Jan; Zboril, Radek; Varma, Rajender S.] Palacky Univ, Reg Ctr Adv Technol & Mat, Dept Expt Phys, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic. [Filip, Jan; Zboril, Radek; Varma, Rajender S.] Palacky Univ, Dept Phys Chem, Fac Sci, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sharma, VK (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM vsharma@sph.tamhsc.edu; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov RI Zboril, Radek/F-5153-2015; OI Sharma, Virender/0000-0002-5980-8675; Zboril, Radek/0000-0002-3147-2196 FU Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [LO1305]; Technology Agency of the Czech Republic "Competence Centers'' [TE01020218] FX V.K. Sharma, J. Filip, and R. Zboril acknowledge the support by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (project LO1305) and Technology Agency of the Czech Republic "Competence Centers'' (project No. TE01020218). We thank Dr. Leslie Cizmas and Dr. John Leazer for their comments to improve the article. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 42 U2 191 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 EI 1460-4744 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2015 VL 44 IS 23 BP 8410 EP 8423 DI 10.1039/c5cs00236b PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CW2WI UT WOS:000364853400003 PM 26435358 ER PT J AU Nolte, CG Appel, KW Kelly, JT Bhave, PV Fahey, KM Collett, JL Zhang, L Young, JO AF Nolte, C. G. Appel, K. W. Kelly, J. T. Bhave, P. V. Fahey, K. M. Collett, J. L., Jr. Zhang, L. Young, J. O. TI Evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model v5.0 against size-resolved measurements of inorganic particle composition across sites in North America SO Geoscientific Model Development LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; UNITED-STATES; SEA-SALT; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; RURAL LOCATIONS; AEROSOL; IMPACT; SYSTEM AB This work evaluates particle size-composition distributions simulated by the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model using micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) measurements at 18 sites across North America. Size-resolved measurements of particulate SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Na+, Cl-, Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ are compared to CMAQ model output for discrete sampling periods between 2002 and 2005. The observation sites were predominantly in remote areas (e.g., National Parks) in the USA and Canada, and measurements were typically made for a period of roughly 1 month. For SO42- and NH4+, model performance was consistent across the USA and Canadian sites, with the model slightly overestimating the peak particle diameter and underestimating the peak particle concentration compared to the observations. Na+ and Mg2+ size distributions were generally well represented at coastal sites, indicating reasonable simulation of emissions from sea spray. CMAQ is able to simulate the displacement of Cl- in aged sea spray aerosol, though the extent of Cl- depletion relative to Na+ is often underpredicted. The model performance for NO3- exhibited much more site-to-site variability than that of SO42- and NH4+, with the model ranging from an underestimation to overestimation of both the peak diameter and peak particle concentration across the sites. Computing PM2.5 from the modeled size distribution parameters rather than by summing the masses in the Aitken and accumulation modes resulted in differences in daily averages of up to 1 mu gm(-3) (10 %), while the difference in seasonal and annual model performance compared to observations from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE), Chemical Speciation Network (CSN), and Air Quality System (AQS) networks was very small. Two updates to the CMAQ aerosol model - changes to the assumed size and mode width of emitted particles and the implementation of gravitational settling - resulted in small improvements in modeled size distributions. C1 [Nolte, C. G.; Appel, K. W.; Fahey, K. M.; Young, J. O.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kelly, J. T.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Air Qual Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bhave, P. V.] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal. [Collett, J. L., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zhang, L.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Nolte, CG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM nolte.chris@epa.gov RI Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012; Kelly, James/F-8135-2010; Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010 OI Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965; Kelly, James/0000-0001-6574-5714; Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX We thank Taehyoung Lee (Colorado State University), Noreen Poor (University of South Florida), and Charles Stanier (University of Iowa) for providing MOUDI measurements that helped make this analysis possible. Brett Gantt and Rohit Mathur (US EPA) provided constructive comments in reviewing this manuscript. We thank Heather Simon and George Pouliot (US EPA) for their assistance with PM profiles in the SPECIATE database. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development supported the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. The views and interpretations in this publication are those of the authors and are not necessarily attributable to their organizations. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 9 BP 2877 EP 2892 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-2877-2015 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CV5QJ UT WOS:000364325700010 ER PT S AU Lau, C AF Lau, Christopher BE DeWitt, JC TI Perfluorinated Compounds: An Overview SO TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PERFLUOROALKYL AND POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES SE Molecular and Integrative Toxicology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Perfluoroalkyl acids; Toxicology; Health effects; Epidemiology; Overview ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS PFAAS; GLOBAL EMISSION INVENTORIES; ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; 2 GERMAN CITIES; TEMPORAL TRENDS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; FRESH-WATER; POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES; PHOSPHONIC-ACIDS AB This chapter provides an overarching introduction to the subject matter of this volume: toxicology and health effects of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). It highlights briefly the unique chemical and physical properties of these chemicals, their production history and commercial uses, and their environmental and health concerns. The distribution profiles of these persistent contaminants in environmental media, wildlife and humans, as well as potential pathways of human exposure are characterized. General toxicological features of these chemicals include major species and sex differences in pharmacokinetic disposition among congeners with different carbon-chain lengths and functional groups, and differential potencies based on their primary mechanism of action, i.e., activation of the nuclear receptor PPARoc. Current understanding of adverse effects associated with PFC exposure based on laboratory animal models include hepatotoxicity, tumor induction, developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption. Associations and probable links between exposure to some PFCs and adverse health outcomes in humans have been suggested by recent epidemiological reports. Ecological and human health risk assessments of these chemicals are still in their infancy. Each of these sub-topics will be expanded into full discussion in subsequent chapters. Importantly, a new generation of fluorinated chemicals has already emerged in commerce, with little information regarding their environmental fate and distribution as well as potential health effects. Materials presented in this volume should provide a scientific basis to inform the design of safe replacement products for the current crop of perfluorinated chemicals that promises to be less persistent and prevalent in the environment. C1 US EPA, Dev Toxicol Branch, Toxic Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lau, C (reprint author), US EPA, Dev Toxicol Branch, Toxic Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Mail Drop B105-04,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lau.christopher@epa.gov NR 175 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 2168-4219 BN 978-3-319-15518-0; 978-3-319-15517-3 J9 MOLEC INTEGR TOXICOL PY 2015 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-15518-0_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-15518-0 PG 21 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BD9KE UT WOS:000364811700002 ER PT S AU Abbott, BD AF Abbott, Barbara D. BE DeWitt, JC TI Developmental Toxicity SO TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PERFLUOROALKYL AND POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES SE Molecular and Integrative Toxicology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Developmental toxicity; Teratology; Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR); Postnatal toxicity ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS; AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE APFO; RESTRICTED GESTATIONAL EXPOSURES; ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS; MAMMARY-GLAND DEVELOPMENT; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; ALPHA PPAR-ALPHA; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; CROSS-FOSTER; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS AB This chapter provides an overview of the developmental toxicity resulting from exposure to perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs). The majority of studies of PFAA-induced developmental toxicity have examined effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) or perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and there is only limited information available for other members of this family of chemicals. In this chapter, there are separate overviews of the developmental toxicity of PFOS and PFOA, along with a summary of studies available for perfluorobutyrate (PFBA), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA). In general, among the PFAAs that do produce developmental toxicity in one or more laboratory species, prenatal PFAA exposure in teratology studies typically does not result in major malformations and significant findings are often limited to the higher exposure levels. The postnatal effects in rats or mice exposed to PFAAs are typically increased mortality in the first hours or week after birth, effects on weight which may persist beyond weaning, delayed eye opening, abnormal mammary gland development, and liver hypertrophy. The role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPARoc) in mediating developmental effects is discussed, including insights from genetically modified mice, PPARoc knockout mice, and mice expressing the human PPARoc gene. Pharmacokinetic issues are relevant to selecting an appropriate animal model for developmental studies and regarding the influence of rapid clearance on manifestation of developmental toxicity. Whether or not a particular PFAA will cause developmental toxicity depends on levels and timing of fetal exposure and is influenced by species and gender specific pharmacokinetic characteristics that impact exposure of the conceptus throughout gestation and during the lactational period. Factors influencing the pharmacokinetics and developmental outcomes include chemical characteristics of a particular PFAA (carbon chain length, functional moiety carboxylate or sulfonate), species specific characteristics (sex and species specific expression of particular transporters in the kidney that influence clearance), timing and level of exposure to the developing fetus, and ability of the PFAA to activate PPARoc (human, mouse, and rat PPAR alpha differ in responses to PFAA, carboxylates are more effective than sulfonates, and longer carbon chain PFAA are more potent than short chain PFAA). The expression and activation of PPAR alpha is necessary for mediating developmental effects of PFOA and PFNA, but the early postnatal deaths caused by exposure to PFOS were not dependent on expression of PPAR alpha. C1 US EPA, Tox Assessment Div B10504, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Abbott, BD (reprint author), US EPA, Tox Assessment Div B10504, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Abbott.barbara@epa.gov NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 2168-4219 BN 978-3-319-15518-0; 978-3-319-15517-3 J9 MOLEC INTEGR TOXICOL PY 2015 BP 203 EP 218 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-15518-0_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-15518-0 PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BD9KE UT WOS:000364811700009 ER PT S AU Wambaugh, J AF Wambaugh, John BE DeWitt, JC TI Dosimetric Anchoring of Toxicological Studies SO TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PERFLUOROALKYL AND POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES SE Molecular and Integrative Toxicology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Pharmacokinetics; Dosimetric anchor; Mathematical models; Extrapolation; Dose regimen; Biological variability ID AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE APFO; ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS; THYROID-HORMONE STATUS; POTASSIUM PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONATE; COMPARATIVE PHARMACOKINETICS; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; 2-GENERATION REPRODUCTION; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS AB Comparing the onset of effects between different toxicological studies is often confounded by pharmacokinetics (PK). Differences between studies can be biological in origin (e.g. species, gender) as well as due to dose regimen (e.g. spacing, magnitude, duration, and route of administration). However, if the pharmacodynamic mechanism underlying the observed toxicological effect is conserved, and some measure of the tissue concentration (i.e., dos imetry) at the site of effect can be determined, then it is expected that this dosimetric anchor should also be conserved across studies. Careful consideration of the PK is required, and mathematical models for PK can address this need. It is relatively easy to extrapolate model predictions if there is a reasonable expectation of linear behavior and conserved PK between test conditions and those to be predicted. For perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), however, we expect PK extrapolation to be much more difficult. Aspects of the distribution, metabolism, and elimination of PFCs have unusual and non-linear features that must be considered. The PK of PFCs is especially unusual in that the half-lives of the longer chain PFCs vary by many orders of magnitude across species, dose regimen, and in some cases, across gender. The empirical saturable renal resorption hypothesis of the Andersen et al. (Toxicol 227(16978759):156-164, 2006) model provides the simplest available non-linear PK model that describes PFCs PK. However, despite the plausible biological mechanism, this model is still empirical, requiring that species-specific parameters are estimated using species-specific PK data. With this model, diverse toxicological studies of PFCs can be shown to be roughly consistent with respect to the internal, dosimetric anchors induced by their various study designs. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wambaugh, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop B205-01 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Wambaugh.john@epa.gov OI Wambaugh, John/0000-0002-4024-534X NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 2168-4219 BN 978-3-319-15518-0; 978-3-319-15517-3 J9 MOLEC INTEGR TOXICOL PY 2015 BP 337 EP 361 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-15518-0_14 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-15518-0 PG 25 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BD9KE UT WOS:000364811700015 ER PT J AU Wang, C Cyterski, M Feng, YJ Gao, P Sun, QF AF Wang, Ce Cyterski, Mike Feng, Yujie Gao, Peng Sun, Qingfang TI Spatiotemporal characteristics of organic contaminant concentrations and ecological risk assessment in the Songhua River, China SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; TRANSPORT MODEL; WATER; POLLUTION; FATE; SEDIMENTS; RESIDUES; QUANTIFY AB To control source pollution and improve water quality, an understanding of the spatiotemporal characteristics of organic contaminant concentrations in affected receiving waters is necessary. The Songhua River in northeast China is the country's third-largest domestic river and loadings of organic contaminants along an industrialized section have made it the focal point of a national pollution reduction plan. In addition to water quality issues, management of the Songhua River basin must also address local economic development, aquatic ecosystem sustainability and political relationships with Russia. In three periods spanning 2006 to 2010, eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and eight phenols were measured in surface waters at ten monitoring sites along the river. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to characterize water quality at different sites and time periods. Chemical concentrations of the organic compounds showed significant sinusoidal seasonal patterns and the concentrations declined significantly from 2006 to 2010, possibly due to management practices designed to control water pollution. A critical body residue analysis showed that water concentrations measured during the winter of 2007 across all monitoring sites, but especially at S1-Shaokou and S2-Songhuajiangcun, presented a high risk for fish species. The spatiotemporal characteristics of water quality and estimated ecological risks shown here add to the body of knowledge to develop policies on industrial output and pollution management strategies for the Songhua River basin. C1 [Wang, Ce] Nanjing Univ, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Sch Environm, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Cyterski, Mike] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, New York, NY USA. [Feng, Yujie; Gao, Peng; Sun, Qingfang] Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China. RP Wang, C (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Sch Environm, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM wangce@nju.edu.cn; cyterski.mike@epa.gov RI Wang, Ce/B-2500-2012 OI Wang, Ce/0000-0001-6244-1205 FU Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment [2012ZX07506-004-004]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [20620140481]; National Scientific Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars [51125033]; Funds for Creative Research Group of China [51121062] FX This research was supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (2012ZX07506-004-004), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20620140481), National Scientific Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (51125033) and Funds for Creative Research Group of China (51121062). We thank Tao Hong, USEPA, for analytical assistance, Fran Rauschenberg, USEPA, for insightful editorial suggestions, and Yang Tao, Geomatics Center of Jiangsu Province of China, for GIS processing. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2015 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1967 EP 1975 DI 10.1039/c5em00375j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV3GK UT WOS:000364146800011 PM 26442573 ER PT J AU He, YT Su, CM AF He, Yongtian Thomas Su, Chunming BE Shiomi, N TI Use of Additives in Bioremediation of Contaminated Groundwater and Soil SO ADVANCES IN BIOREMEDIATION OF WASTEWATER AND POLLUTED SOIL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Organic contaminants; carbon substrates; additives; bioremediation implementation; potential issues ID VINYL-CHLORIDE; SUBSURFACE REMEDIATION; TETRACHLOROETHENE; BIOAUGMENTATION; DETOXIFICATION; DECHLORINATION; HYDROCARBONS; SURFACTANTS; TOXICITY; KINETICS AB This chapter reviews the application of additives used in bioremediation of chlorinated solvents and fuels for groundwater and soil remediation. Soluble carbon substrates are applicable to most site conditions except aquifers with very high or very low groundwater flow. Slow-release and solid substrates are intended to be long-lasting in supplying carbon for microbial growth thereby minimizing operation and maintenance requirements. Microbes as special additives can be used to enhance bioremediation (bioaugmentation) where such microbes are lacking. Oxygen gas can be added to increase aerobic biodegradation, and nutrients addition may be needed to stimulate and maintain sufficient microbial population. pH modifiers to control acidity for optimal microbial growth and degradation can also be added. Delivery of additives to the subsurface can he accomplished through permanent injection wells, direct-push methods, or permeable reactive barriers (biowall). Potential issues with additive use include biofouling, stalling, short circuiting, displacement, reduced hydraulic conductivity, and secondary water quality deterioration. Methods and techniques to deal with these issues are provided and future research needs are identified. C1 [He, Yongtian Thomas] W Virginia Univ, West Virginia Water Res Inst, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Su, Chunming] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Su, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM Su.Chunming@epa.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-51-2165-7 PY 2015 BP 145 EP 164 DI 10.5772/60915 D2 10.5772/59328 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Water Resources GA BD7XR UT WOS:000363679000008 ER PT J AU Verma, S Baig, RBN Han, C Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Verma, Sanny Baig, R. B. Nasir Han, Changseok Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Magnetic graphitic carbon nitride: its application in the C-H activation of amines SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CATALYZED OXIDATIVE CYANATION; TERTIARY-AMINES; SODIUM-CYANIDE; SUSTAINABLE APPLICATIONS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; BOND ACTIVATION; GREEN CHEMISTRY; 3-AROYLINDOLES; FUTURE AB Magnetic graphitic carbon nitride, Fe@g-C3N4, has been synthesized by adorning a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) support with iron oxide via non-covalent interaction. The magnetically recyclable catalyst showed excellent reactivity for the expeditious C-H activation and cyanation of amines. C1 [Verma, Sanny; Baig, R. B. Nasir; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Han, Changseok; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, WQMB, WSWRD, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX SV and RBNB were supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 12 U2 48 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 85 BP 15554 EP 15557 DI 10.1039/c5cc05895c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CT9WS UT WOS:000363167900018 PM 26352198 ER PT J AU Gawande, MB Goswami, A Asefa, T Guo, HZ Biradar, AV Peng, DL Zboril, R Varma, RS AF Gawande, Manoj B. Goswami, Anandarup Asefa, Tewodros Guo, Huizhang Biradar, Ankush V. Peng, Dong-Liang Zboril, Radek Varma, Rajender S. TI Core-shell nanoparticles: synthesis and applications in catalysis and electrocatalysis SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; CORE/SHELL HIERARCHICAL NANOSTRUCTURES; ASYMMETRIC TRANSFER HYDROGENATION; ENHANCED PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; STRUCTURED MESOPOROUS SILICA; SURFACE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; METAL-FREE ELECTROCATALYSTS AB Core-shell nanoparticles (CSNs) are a class of nanostructured materials that have recently received increased attention owing to their interesting properties and broad range of applications in catalysis, biology, materials chemistry and sensors. By rationally tuning the cores as well as the shells of such materials, a range of core-shell nanoparticles can be produced with tailorable properties that can play important roles in various catalytic processes and offer sustainable solutions to current energy problems. Various synthetic methods for preparing different classes of CSNs, including the Stober method, solvothermal method, one-pot synthetic method involving surfactants, etc., are briefly mentioned here. The roles of various classes of CSNs are exemplified for both catalytic and electrocatalytic applications, including oxidation, reduction, coupling reactions, etc. C1 [Gawande, Manoj B.; Goswami, Anandarup; Zboril, Radek] Palacky Univ, Dept Phys Chem, Fac Sci, Reg Ctr Adv Technol & Mat, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. [Goswami, Anandarup; Asefa, Tewodros] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Goswami, Anandarup; Asefa, Tewodros] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Guo, Huizhang; Peng, Dong-Liang] Xiamen Univ, Coll Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Biradar, Ankush V.] CSIR Natl Chem Lab, Catalysis Div, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Gawande, MB (reprint author), Palacky Univ, Dept Phys Chem, Fac Sci, Reg Ctr Adv Technol & Mat, Slechtitelu 11, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. EM manoj.gawande@upol.cz; radek.zboril@upol.cz; Varma.Rajender@epamail.epa.gov RI Peng, DL/G-4096-2010; Zboril, Radek/F-5153-2015; OI Zboril, Radek/0000-0002-3147-2196 FU Operational Program Education for Competitiveness - European Social Fund of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0041]; National Science Foundation in the USA [1508611, 1134289]; [LO1305] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the project LO1305 and the Operational Program Education for Competitiveness - European Social Fund (project CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0041) of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. TA gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation in the USA (Grant Nos. 1508611 and 1134289) for his group's work on core-shell nanocatalysis. NR 460 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 88 U2 293 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 EI 1460-4744 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2015 VL 44 IS 21 BP 7540 EP 7590 DI 10.1039/c5cs00343a PG 51 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CT9QX UT WOS:000363152800005 PM 26288197 ER PT B AU Dutrow, E AF Dutrow, Elizabeth BE Rossiter, AP Jones, BP TI PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT AND INFLUENCING ENERGY PERFORMANCE WITHIN PROCESS INDUSTRIES SO ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND EFFICIENCY FOR THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, ENERGY STAR Ind Sect Partnerships, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Dutrow, E (reprint author), US EPA, ENERGY STAR Ind Sect Partnerships, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-119-03322-6; 978-1-118-83825-9 PY 2015 BP 81 EP 92 D2 10.1002/9781119033226 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD5OS UT WOS:000361678300009 ER PT J AU Trisciuzzi, D Alberga, D Mansouri, K Judson, R Cellamare, S Catto, M Carotti, A Benfenati, E Novellino, E Mangiatordi, GF Nicolotti, O AF Trisciuzzi, Daniela Alberga, Domenico Mansouri, Kamel Judson, Richard Cellamare, Saverio Catto, Marco Carotti, Angelo Benfenati, Emilio Novellino, Ettore Mangiatordi, Giuseppe Felice Nicolotti, Orazio TI Docking-based classification models for exploratory toxicology studies on high-quality estrogenic experimental data SO FUTURE MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN; RECEPTOR-ALPHA; COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY; DRUG DISCOVERY; BREAST-CANCER; QSAR; BETA; TOOLS; RISK AB Background: The ethical and practical limitation of animal testing has recently promoted computational methods for the fast screening of huge collections of chemicals. Results: The authors derived 24 reliable docking-based classification models able to predict the estrogenic potential of a large collection of chemicals provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Model performances were challenged by considering AUC, EF1% (EFmax = 7.1), -LR (at sensitivity = 0.75); +LR (at sensitivity = 0.25) and 37 reference compounds comprised within the training set. Moreover, external predictions were made successfully on ten representative known estrogenic chemicals and on a set consisting of >32,000 chemicals. Conclusion: The authors demonstrate that structure-based methods, widely applied to drug discovery programs, can be fairly adapted to exploratory toxicology studies. C1 [Trisciuzzi, Daniela; Cellamare, Saverio; Catto, Marco; Carotti, Angelo; Mangiatordi, Giuseppe Felice; Nicolotti, Orazio] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento Farm Sci Farmaco, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Alberga, Domenico] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento Interateneo Fis M Merlin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Mansouri, Kamel; Judson, Richard] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Benfenati, Emilio] IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, I-20156 Milan, Italy. [Novellino, Ettore] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Farm, I-80138 Naples, Italy. RP Mangiatordi, GF (reprint author), Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento Farm Sci Farmaco, Via E Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM giuseppe.mangiatordi@uniba.it; orazio.nicolotti@uniba.it OI CATTO, Marco/0000-0002-8411-304X; Cellamare, Saverio/0000-0003-3765-7842; Mansouri, Kamel/0000-0002-6426-8036 FU FIRB (Futuro in Ricerca) [RBFR12SJA8_003]; IDEA [GRBA11E-B3G]; LIFE+ project EDESIA FX O Nicolotti and GF Mangiatordi wish to acknowledge FIRB (Futuro in Ricerca 2012, RBFR12SJA8_003) and IDEA 2011 (GRBA11E-B3G). E Benfenati would like to thank LIFE+ project EDESIA for funding. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU FUTURE SCI LTD PI LONDON PA UNITED HOUSE, 2 ALBERT PL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1756-8919 EI 1756-8927 J9 FUTURE MED CHEM JI Future Med. Chem. PY 2015 VL 7 IS 14 BP 1921 EP 1936 DI 10.4155/fmc.15.103 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA CU1BB UT WOS:000363252900011 PM 26440057 ER PT B AU Wilkin, RT Lee, TR McNeil, MS Su, CM Adair, C AF Wilkin, Richard T. Lee, Tony R. McNeil, Mary Sue Su, Chunming Adair, Cherri BE Naidu, R Birke, V TI Fourteen-Year Assessment of a Permeable Reactive Barrier for Treatment of Hexavalent Chromium and Trichloroethylene SO PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIER: SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION SE Advances in Trace Elements in the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PERFORMANCE; IRON C1 [Wilkin, Richard T.; McNeil, Mary Sue; Su, Chunming; Adair, Cherri] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Lee, Tony R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK USA. RP Wilkin, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4822-2448-1; 978-1-4822-2447-4 J9 ADV TRACE ELEM ENVIR PY 2015 BP 99 EP 107 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FH UT WOS:000362980800007 ER PT B AU Ludwig, RD Wilkin, RT Acree, SD Ross, RR Lee, TR AF Ludwig, Ralph D. Wilkin, Richard T. Acree, Steven D. Ross, Randall R. Lee, Tony R. BE Naidu, R Birke, V TI Organic-Based Permeable Reactive Barriers for the Treatment of Heavy Metals, Arsenic, and Acidity SO PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIER: SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION SE Advances in Trace Elements in the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SLUG TEST C1 [Ludwig, Ralph D.; Acree, Steven D.; Ross, Randall R.; Lee, Tony R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Wilkin, Richard T.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK USA. RP Ludwig, RD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4822-2448-1; 978-1-4822-2447-4 J9 ADV TRACE ELEM ENVIR PY 2015 BP 135 EP 149 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FH UT WOS:000362980800009 ER PT J AU Janssens-Maenhout, G Crippa, M Guizzardi, D Dentener, F Muntean, M Pouliot, G Keating, T Zhang, Q Kurokawa, J Wankmuller, R van der Gon, HD Kuenen, JJP Klimont, Z Frost, G Darras, S Koffi, B Li, M AF Janssens-Maenhout, G. Crippa, M. Guizzardi, D. Dentener, F. Muntean, M. Pouliot, G. Keating, T. Zhang, Q. Kurokawa, J. Wankmueller, R. van der Gon, H. Denier Kuenen, J. J. P. Klimont, Z. Frost, G. Darras, S. Koffi, B. Li, M. TI HTAP_v2.2: a mosaic of regional and global emission grid maps for 2008 and 2010 to study hemispheric transport of air pollution SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRENDS; METHODOLOGY; DIOXIDE; GASES; ASIA AB The mandate of the Task Force Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF HTAP) under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) is to improve the scientific understanding of the intercontinental air pollution transport, to quantify impacts on human health, vegetation and climate, to identify emission mitigation options across the regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and to guide future policies on these aspects. The harmonization and improvement of regional emission inventories is imperative to obtain consolidated estimates on the formation of global-scale air pollution. An emissions data set has been constructed using regional emission grid maps (annual and monthly) for SO2, NOx, CO, NMVOC, NH3, PM10, PM2.5, BC and OC for the years 2008 and 2010, with the purpose of providing consistent information to global and regional scale modelling efforts. This compilation of different regional gridded inventories - including that of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for USA, the EPA and Environment Canada (for Canada), the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) for Europe, and the Model Intercomparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia III) for China, India and other Asian countries - was gap-filled with the emission grid maps of the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGARv4.3) for the rest of the world (mainly South America, Africa, Russia and Oceania). Emissions from seven main categories of human activities (power, industry, residential, agriculture, ground transport, aviation and shipping) were estimated and spatially distributed on a common grid of 0.1 degrees x 0.1 degrees longitude-latitude, to yield monthly, global, sector-specific grid maps for each substance and year. The HTAP_v2.2 air pollutant grid maps are considered to combine latest available regional information within a complete global data set. The disaggregation by sectors, high spatial and temporal resolution and detailed information on the data sources and references used will provide the user the required transparency. Because HTAP_v2.2 contains primarily official and/or widely used regional emission grid maps, it can be recommended as a global baseline emission inventory, which is regionally accepted as a reference and from which different scenarios assessing emission reduction policies at a global scale could start. An analysis of country-specific implied emission factors shows a large difference between industrialised countries and developing countries for acidifying gaseous air pollutant emissions (SO2 and NOx) from the energy and industry sectors. This is not observed for the particulate matter emissions (PM10, PM2.5), which show large differences between countries in the residential sector instead. The per capita emissions of all world countries, classified from low to high income, reveal an increase in level and in variation for gaseous acidifying pollutants, but not for aerosols. For aerosols, an opposite trend is apparent with higher per capita emissions of particulate matter for low income countries. C1 [Janssens-Maenhout, G.; Crippa, M.; Guizzardi, D.; Dentener, F.; Muntean, M.; Koffi, B.] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Pouliot, G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Keating, T.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Zhang, Q.; Li, M.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modelling, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Kurokawa, J.] Asia Ctr Air Pollut Res, Nishi Ku, Niigata, Niigata 9502144, Japan. [Wankmueller, R.] Fed Environm Agcy, EMEP, Ctr Emiss Inventory & Project, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [van der Gon, H. Denier; Kuenen, J. J. P.] TNO, Dept Climate Air & Sustainabil, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. [Klimont, Z.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Frost, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Frost, G.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Darras, S.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, CNRS, SEDOO, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Li, M.] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Janssens-Maenhout, G.] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Janssens-Maenhout, G (reprint author), European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Via Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. EM greet.maenhout@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Klimont, Zbigniew/P-7641-2015; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Klimont, Zbigniew/0000-0003-2630-198X; FU EC-DG Environment [AA 070402/2007/47597/ MAR/C5, 33075] FX This research was partially funded by EC-DG Environment under AA 070402/2007/47597/ MAR/C5 and 33075. S. Galmarini (JRC) and A. Zuber (DG Environment) are thanked for the continuing support to the HTAP project. The authors would also like to thank all HTAP-modelers providing first feedback. Colleagues of the ECCAD project, C. Granier, A. Mieville, of the TNO-MACC project and of EMEP-MSCW are gratefully acknowledged for help provided during the preparation of this work. NR 65 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 9 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 19 BP 11411 EP 11432 DI 10.5194/acp-15-11411-2015 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT7CN UT WOS:000362971000030 ER PT J AU Reichle, LJ Cook, R Yanca, CA Sonntag, DB AF Reichle, Lawrence J. Cook, Rich Yanca, Catherine A. Sonntag, Darrell B. TI Development of organic gas exhaust speciation profiles for nonroad spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines and equipment SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS; BLENDS AB The composition of exhaust emissions from nonroad engines and equipment varies based on a number of parameters, including engine type, emission control technology, fuel composition, and operating conditions. Speciated emissions data which characterize the chemical composition of these emissions are needed to develop chemical speciation profiles used for air quality modeling and to develop air toxics inventories. In this paper, we present results of an extensive review and analysis of available exhaust speciation data for total organic gases (TOG) for spark ignition (SI) engines running on gasoline/ethanol blends now in widespread use, and compression ignition (CI) engines running on diesel fuel. We identified two data sets best suited for development of exhaust speciation profiles. Neither of these data sets have previously been published. We analyzed the resulting speciation profiles for differences in SI engine exhaust composition between 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines using E0 (0% ethanol) and E10 (10% ethanol) blends, and differences in CI engine exhaust composition among engines meeting different emission standards. Exhaust speciation profiles were also analyzed to compare differences in maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) values; this is a useful indicator for evaluating how organic gases may affect ozone formation for air quality modeling. Our analyses found significant differences in speciated emissions from 2-stroke and 4-stroke SI engines, and between engines running on E0 and E10 fuels. We found significant differences in profiles from pre-Tier 1 CI engines, engines meeting Tier 1 standards, and engines meeting Tier 2 standards. Although data for nonroad CI engines meeting tier 4 standards with control devices such as particulate filters and selective catalyst reduction (SCR) devices were not available, data from highway CI engines suggest these technologies will substantially change profiles for nonroad CI engines as well (EPA, 2014c).Implications: The nonroad engine data sets analyzed in this study will substantially improve exhaust speciation profiles used to characterize organic gas emissions from nonroad engines. Since nonroad engines are major contributors to ambient air pollution, these profiles can considerably improve U.S. emission inventories for gaseous air toxics emitted from nonroad engines. The speciation profiles developed in this paper can be used to develop more accurate emission inputs to chemical transport models, leading to more accurate air quality modeling. C1 [Cook, Rich; Yanca, Catherine A.; Sonntag, Darrell B.] US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Cook, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, 2000 Traverwood Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cook.rich@epa.gov FU EPA; Department of Energy FX This work was supported in part by an appointment to the ORISE participant research program support by an interagency agreement between EPA and the Department of Energy. This paper may not necessarily reflect the views of EPA and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2015 VL 65 IS 10 BP 1185 EP 1193 DI 10.1080/10962247.2015.1020118 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT3QK UT WOS:000362721600003 PM 26452015 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Streets, DG de Foy, B Lamsal, LN Duncan, BN Xing, J AF Lu, Z. Streets, D. G. de Foy, B. Lamsal, L. N. Duncan, B. N. Xing, J. TI Emissions of nitrogen oxides from US urban areas: estimation from Ozone Monitoring Instrument retrievals for 2005-2014 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GOME-SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; OMI TROPOSPHERIC NO2; POWER-PLANT PLUMES; UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; SPACE; LIFETIMES; TRENDS; SO2; COLUMNS AB Satellite remote sensing of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) can provide valuable information for estimating surface nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. Using an exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) method and taking into account the effect of wind on observed NO2 distributions, we estimate 3-year moving-average emissions of summertime NOx from 35 US (United States) urban areas directly from NO2 retrievals of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) during 2005-2014. Following conclusions of previous studies that the EMG method provides robust and accurate emission estimates under strong-wind conditions, we derive top-down NOx emissions from each urban area by applying the EMG method to OMI data with wind speeds greater than 3-5 m s(-1). Meanwhile, we find that OMI NO2 observations under weak-wind conditions (i.e., < 3 m s(-1)) are qualitatively better correlated to the surface NOx source strength in comparison to all-wind OMI maps; therefore, we use them to calculate the satellite-observed NO2 burdens of urban areas and compare with NOx emission estimates. The EMG results show that OMI-derived NOx emissions are highly correlated (R > 0.93) with weak-wind OMI NO2 burdens as well as with bottom-up NOx emission estimates over 35 urban areas, implying a linear response of the OMI observations to surface emissions under weak-wind conditions. The simultaneous EMG-obtained effective NO2 lifetimes (similar to 3.5 +/- 1.3 h), however, are biased low in comparison to the summertime NO2 chemical lifetimes. In general, isolated urban areas with NOx emission intensities greater than similar to 2 Mg h(-1) produce statistically significant weak-wind signals in 3-year average OMI data. From 2005 to 2014, we estimate that total OMI-derived NOx emissions over all selected US urban areas decreased by 49 %, consistent with reductions of 43, 47, 49, and 44 % in the total bottom-up NOx emissions, the sum of weak-wind OMI NO2 columns, the total weak-wind OMI NO2 burdens, and the averaged NO2 concentrations, respectively, reflecting the success of NOx control programs for both mobile sources and power plants. The decrease rates of these NOx-related quantities are found to be faster (i.e., -6.8 to -9.3 % yr(-1)) before 2010 and slower (i.e., -3.4 to -4.9 % yr(-1)) after 2010. For individual urban areas, we calculate the R values of pair-wise trends among the OMI-derived and bottom-up NOx emissions, the weak-wind OMI NO2 burdens, and ground-based NO2 measurements, and high correlations are found for all urban areas (median R= 0.8), particularly large ones (R up to 0.97). The results of the current work indicate that using the EMG method and considering the wind effect, the OMI data allow for the estimation of NOx emissions from urban areas and the direct constraint of emission trends with reasonable accuracy. C1 [Lu, Z.; Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [de Foy, B.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Lamsal, L. N.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Lamsal, L. N.; Duncan, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Xing, J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zlu@anl.gov RI de Foy, Benjamin/A-9902-2010; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011 OI de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as a part of the Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST) program; Argonne National Laboratory is operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as a part of the Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST) program, for which we are grateful to the NASA project officer John Haynes and the AQAST team leader Daniel Jacob. We acknowledge the free use of tropospheric NO2 column data from the OMI sensor available at www.temis.nl. The Argonne National Laboratory is operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357 with the US Department of Energy. NR 61 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 18 BP 10367 EP 10383 DI 10.5194/acp-15-10367-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT0AZ UT WOS:000362457400009 ER PT J AU Teichman, KY Persily, AK Emmerich, SJ AF Teichman, Kevin Y. Persily, Andrew K. Emmerich, Steven J. TI Indoor air quality in high-performing building case studies: Got data? SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTS AB This article is a review of how indoor air quality has been addressed in case studies of high-performing buildings, specifically the case studies described in ASHRAE's High Performing Buildings magazine. Nearly all of the reported case studies address energy performance, both in the design and operation of the building. In contrast, while most case studies mention indoor air quality design considerations, they generally do not address indoor air quality in a comprehensive manner, nor do they present the impacts of indoor air quality-related and other design considerations on indoor concentrations or on the health, comfort, and productivity of building occupants. Based upon this analysis, as well as existing standards and guidelines, a discussion is provided about what indoor air quality information should be collected during the early stages of a building's operation to demonstrate its indoor air quality performance. This information includes (a) documentation of key indoor air quality-related design features and their implementation during building construction, commissioning, and initial operation; (b) collection of indoor air quality performance data, including measured pollutant concentrations and ventilation rates; and (c) assessment of occupant satisfaction using occupant surveys. To facilitate comparisons of indoor air quality performance among buildings, suggestions are provided on how to collect and report this information in a consistent manner. C1 [Teichman, Kevin Y.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Persily, Andrew K.; Emmerich, Steven J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Teichman, KY (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave,NW 8101R, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM teichman.kevin@epa.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2374-4731 EI 2374-474X J9 SCI TECHNOL BUILT EN JI Sci. Technol. Built Environ. PY 2015 VL 21 IS 1 SI SI BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1080/10789669.2014.976509 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA CS4SW UT WOS:000362067200010 ER PT J AU Xing, J Mathur, R Pleim, J Hogrefe, C Gan, CM Wong, DC Wei, C AF Xing, J. Mathur, R. Pleim, J. Hogrefe, C. Gan, C. -M. Wong, D. C. Wei, C. TI Can a coupled meteorology-chemistry model reproduce the historical trend in aerosol direct radiative effects over the Northern Hemisphere? SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY SYSTEM CERES; OPTICAL DEPTH; AIR-POLLUTION; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERE RADIATION; SOLAR-RADIATION; ORGANIC AEROSOL; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; EARTHS SURFACE AB The ability of a coupled meteorology-chemistry model, i.e., Weather Research and Forecast and Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ), to reproduce the historical trend in aerosol optical depth (AOD) and clear-sky shortwave radiation (SWR) over the Northern Hemisphere has been evaluated through a comparison of 21-year simulated results with observation-derived records from 1990 to 2010. Six satellite-retrieved AOD products including AVHRR, TOMS, SeaWiFS, MISR, MODIS-Terra and MODIS-Aqua as well as long-term historical records from 11 AERONET sites were used for the comparison of AOD trends. Clear-sky SWR products derived by CERES at both the top of atmosphere (TOA) and surface as well as surface SWR data derived from seven SURFRAD sites were used for the comparison of trends in SWR. The model successfully captured increasing AOD trends along with the corresponding increased TOA SWR (upwelling) and decreased surface SWR (downwelling) in both eastern China and the northern Pacific. The model also captured declining AOD trends along with the corresponding decreased TOA SWR (upwelling) and increased surface SWR (downwelling) in the eastern US, Europe and the northern Atlantic for the period of 2000-2010. However, the model underestimated the AOD over regions with substantial natural dust aerosol contributions, such as the Sahara Desert, Arabian Desert, central Atlantic and northern Indian Ocean. Estimates of the aerosol direct radiative effect (DRE) at TOA are comparable with those derived by measurements. Compared to global climate models (GCMs), the model exhibits better estimates of surface-aerosol direct radiative efficiency (E-tau). However, surface-DRE tends to be underestimated due to the underestimated AOD in land and dust regions. Further investigation of TOA-E-tau estimations as well as the dust module used for estimates of windblown-dust emissions is needed. C1 [Xing, J.; Mathur, R.; Pleim, J.; Hogrefe, C.; Gan, C. -M.; Wong, D. C.; Wei, C.] US EPA, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Wei, C.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Multiphase Chem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Xing, J (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, Durham, NC 27711 USA. EM xing.jia@epa.gov RI wei, chao/E-4379-2011; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 FU Department of Energy project (IA) [DE-SC000378]; EPA (IA) [RW-89-9233260 1]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the US EPA FX This work was supported in part by an inter-agency agreement between the Department of Energy project (IA number is DE-SC000378) and the EPA (IA number is RW-89-9233260 1). This research was performed while Jia Xing and Chuen-Meei Gan held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the US EPA. The authors gratefully acknowledge the availability of AVHRR, TOMS, SeaWiFS, MISR, MODIS-Terra and MODIS-Aqua, CERES, AERONET, and SURFRAD data. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 17 BP 9997 EP 10018 DI 10.5194/acp-15-9997-2015 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR7YH UT WOS:000361567600016 ER PT B AU El-Masri, H McLanahan, E Martin, S AF El-Masri, Hisham McLanahan, Eva Martin, Sheppard BE AbouDonia, MB TI Principles of Toxicokinetics and Predictive Toxicokinetics Modeling SO MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DERMAL ABSORPTION; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; PBPK MODEL; PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; BREATH CONCENTRATIONS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; HUMANS; RATS; CHLOROFORM; OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE C1 [El-Masri, Hisham] US EPA, Syst Biol Branch, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [McLanahan, Eva] US PHS, Div Community Hlth Invest, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. [Martin, Sheppard] Procter & Gamble Co, Cent Prod Safety, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP El-Masri, H (reprint author), US EPA, Syst Biol Branch, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-68348-4; 978-1-119-94041-8 PY 2015 BP 85 EP 99 PG 15 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BD5RT UT WOS:000361757100006 ER PT B AU Louis, G Stoker, T AF Louis, Gwendolyn Stoker, Tammy BE AbouDonia, MB TI Endocrine Disruptors SO MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA-CELLS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; EXPOSED IN-UTERO; GENE-EXPRESSION; FEMALE RAT; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT C1 [Louis, Gwendolyn; Stoker, Tammy] US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Durham, NC 27709 USA. RP Louis, G (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Durham, NC 27709 USA. NR 134 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-68348-4; 978-1-119-94041-8 PY 2015 BP 289 EP 308 PG 20 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BD5RT UT WOS:000361757100015 ER PT B AU Luebke, RW AF Luebke, Robert W. BE AbouDonia, MB TI Immune System Toxicity and Immunotoxicity Hazard Identification SO MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FOOD ALLERGY; INFLUENZA INFECTION; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; CHRONIC STRESS; SEX-HORMONES; EXPOSED MICE; LEAD; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFLAMMATION C1 US EPA, Cardiovasc & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Luebke, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Cardiovasc & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-68348-4; 978-1-119-94041-8 PY 2015 BP 323 EP 339 PG 17 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BD5RT UT WOS:000361757100017 ER PT B AU Klinefelter, GR AF Klinefelter, Gary R. BE AbouDonia, MB TI Male Reproductive Toxicology: Environmental Exposures versus Reproductive Competence SO MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; SPERM; RAT; FERTILITY; TESTIS; ANTIANDROGENS; PHTHALATE; ANIMALS; SEMEN; SP22 C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Toxicol Assessment Div, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Klinefelter, GR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Toxicol Assessment Div, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-68348-4; 978-1-119-94041-8 PY 2015 BP 472 EP 491 PG 20 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BD5RT UT WOS:000361757100022 ER PT B AU Goldman, JM Cooper, RL AF Goldman, Jerome M. Cooper, Ralph L. BE AbouDonia, MB TI Female Reproductive Toxicology SO MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SURGE; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE CHARACTERISTICS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; ESTROUS-CYCLE; MAMMALIAN OVA; BISPHENOL-A; IN-UTERO; HYPOTHALAMIC CATECHOLAMINES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS C1 [Goldman, Jerome M.; Cooper, Ralph L.] US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Goldman, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 142 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-68348-4; 978-1-119-94041-8 PY 2015 BP 493 EP 517 PG 25 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BD5RT UT WOS:000361757100023 ER PT B AU Farraj, AK Hazari, MS Costa, DL AF Farraj, Aimen K. Hazari, Mehdi S. Costa, Daniel L. BE AbouDonia, MB TI Pulmonary Toxicology SO MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE; AIR-POLLUTION; TOXICITY; LUNG; MECHANISMS; EXPOSURE; ASBESTOS; ASTHMA; PNEUMOCONIOSIS C1 [Farraj, Aimen K.; Hazari, Mehdi S.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Costa, Daniel L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Farraj, AK (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-68348-4; 978-1-119-94041-8 PY 2015 BP 519 EP 538 PG 20 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BD5RT UT WOS:000361757100024 ER PT J AU Spassova, MA Miller, DJ Nikolov, AS AF Spassova, Maria A. Miller, David J. Nikolov, Alexander S. TI Kinetic Modeling Reveals the Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and DNA Repair Processes in Shaping the Dose-Response Curve of KBrO3-Induced DNA Damage SO OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS END-POINTS; POTASSIUM BROMATE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CELL-PROLIFERATION; GENETIC TOXICOLOGY; IWGT REPORT; CARCINOGENICITY; MUTAGENICITY; KIDNEYS AB We have developed a kinetic model to investigate how DNA repair processes and scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can affect the dose-response shape of prooxidant induced DNA damage. We used as an example chemical KBrO3 which is activated by glutathione and forms reactive intermediates that directly interact with DNA to form 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine DNA adducts (8-OH-dG). The single strand breaks (SSB) that can result from failed base excision repair of these adducts were considered as an effect downstream from 8-OH-dG. We previously demonstrated that, in the presence of effective base excision repair, 8-OH-dG can exhibit threshold-like dose-response dependence, while the downstream SSB can still exhibit a linear dose-response. Here we demonstrate that this result holds for a variety of conditions, including low levels of GSH, the presence of additional SSB repair mechanisms, or a scavenger. It has been shown that melatonin, a terminal scavenger, inhibits KBrO3-caused oxidative damage. Our modeling revealed that sustained exposure to KBrO3 can lead to fast scavenger exhaustion, in which case the dose-response shapes for both endpoints are not substantially affected. The results are important to consider when forming conclusions on a chemical's toxicity dose dependence based on the dose-response of early genotoxic events. C1 [Spassova, Maria A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Miller, David J.] NCI, Div Canc Biol, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. [Nikolov, Alexander S.] Langley High Sch, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Spassova, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM spassova.maria@epa.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1942-0900 EI 1942-0994 J9 OXID MED CELL LONGEV JI Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev. PY 2015 AR 764375 DI 10.1155/2015/764375 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA CR9HB UT WOS:000361664000001 ER PT J AU Williams, WC Lehmann, JR Boykin, E Selgrade, MK Lehmann, DM AF Williams, W. C. Lehmann, J. R. Boykin, E. Selgrade, M. K. Lehmann, D. M. TI Lung function changes in mice sensitized to ammonium hexachloroplatinate SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ammonium hexachloroplatinate; occupational asthma; platinum; pulmonary hyperresponsiveness; respiratory hypersensitivity; whole-body plethysmography ID TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE POWDER; PLATINUM REFINERY WORKERS; ONLY INHALATION EXPOSURE; TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE TDI; ALLERGIC AIRWAYS DISEASE; GROUP METAL-SALTS; DERMAL SENSITIZATION; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; ANTIBODY-PRODUCTION; COMPLEX SALTS AB Occupational exposure to halogenated platinum salts can trigger the development of asthma. The risk to the general population that may result from the use of platinum in catalytic converters and its emerging use as a diesel fuel additive is unclear. To investigate pulmonary responses to platinum, we developed a mouse model of platinum hypersensitivity. Mice were sensitized through application of ammonium hexachloroplatinate (AHCP) to the shaved back on days 0, 5 and 19, and to each ear on days 10, 11 and 12. On days 24 and 29, mice were challenged by oropharyngeal aspiration with AHCP in saline. Before and immediately after challenge, pulmonary responses were assessed using whole body plethysmography (WBP). A dose-dependent increase in immediate responses was observed in AHCP-sensitized and challenged mice. On days 26 and 31, changes in ventilatory responses to methacholine (Mch) aerosol were assessed by WBP; dose-dependent increases in Mch responsiveness occurred in sensitized mice. Lymph node cell counts indicate a proliferative response in lymph nodes draining the sites of application. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid harvested from sensitized mice contained an average of 5% eosinophils compared to less than 0.5% in non-sensitized mice (p<0.05); significant increases in total serum immunoglobulin E were observed for all sensitized mice. Although a second airway challenge on day 29 affected some results, only one airway challenge was needed to observe changes in lung function. C1 [Williams, W. C.; Lehmann, J. R.; Boykin, E.; Lehmann, D. M.] US EPA, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Selgrade, M. K.] ICF Int, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Lehmann, DM (reprint author), US EPA, EPHD Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, NHEERL, Mail Drop B105-02,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lehmann.david@epa.gov NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 EI 1091-7691 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2015 VL 27 IS 10 BP 468 EP 480 DI 10.3109/08958378.2015.1070219 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA CR4TN UT WOS:000361332100003 PM 26309092 ER PT J AU Budisulistiorini, SH Li, X Bairai, ST Renfro, J Liu, Y Liu, YJ McKinney, KA Martin, ST McNeill, VF Pye, HOT Nenes, A Neff, ME Stone, EA Mueller, S Knote, C Shaw, SL Zhang, Z Gold, A Surratt, JD AF Budisulistiorini, S. H. Li, X. Bairai, S. T. Renfro, J. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. J. McKinney, K. A. Martin, S. T. McNeill, V. F. Pye, H. O. T. Nenes, A. Neff, M. E. Stone, E. A. Mueller, S. Knote, C. Shaw, S. L. Zhang, Z. Gold, A. Surratt, J. D. TI Examining the effects of anthropogenic emissions on isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol formation during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) at the Look Rock, Tennessee ground site SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHEMICAL SPECIATION MONITOR; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FINE-PARTICLE WATER; REACTIVE UPTAKE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; AMBIENT AEROSOL; ORGANOSULFATE FORMATION; 2-METHYLGLYCERIC ACID AB A suite of offline and real-time gas-and particlephase measurements was deployed at Look Rock, Tennessee (TN), during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) to examine the effects of anthropogenic emissions on isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. High-and low-time-resolution PM2.5 samples were collected for analysis of known tracer compounds in isoprene-derived SOA by gas chromatography/electron ionizationmass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection-electrospray ionization-high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/DAD-ESI-HR-QTOFMS). Source apportionment of the organic aerosol (OA) was determined by positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of mass spectro-metric data acquired on an Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM). Campaign average mass concentrations of the sum of quantified isoprene-derived SOA tracers contributed to similar to 9% (up to 28 %) of the total OA mass, with isoprene-epoxydiol (IEPOX) chemistry accounting for similar to 97% of the quantified tracers. PMF analysis resolved a factor with a profile similar to the IEPOX-OA factor resolved in an Atlanta study and was therefore designated IEPOX-OA. This factor was strongly correlated (r(2) > 0.7) with 2-methyltetrols, C5-alkene triols, IEPOX-derived organosulfates, and dimers of organosulfates, confirming the role of IEPOX chemistry as the source. On average, IEPOX-derived SOA tracer mass was similar to 26% (up to 49 %) of the IEPOX-OA factor mass, which accounted for 32% of the total OA. A low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA) and an oxidized factor with a profile similar to 91Fac observed in areas where emissions are biogenic-dominated were also resolved by PMF analysis, whereas no primary organic aerosol (POA) sources could be resolved. These findings were consistent with low levels of primary pollutants, such as nitric oxide (NO similar to 0.03 ppb), carbon monoxide (CO similar to 116 ppb), and black carbon (BC similar to 0.2 mu g m(-3)). Particle-phase sulfate is fairly correlated (r(2) similar to 0.3) with both methacrylic acid epoxide (MAE)/hydroxymethyl-methyl-ff lactone (HMML)-(henceforth called methacrolein (MACR)derived SOA tracers) and IEPOX-derived SOA tracers, and more strongly correlated (r(2) similar to 0.6) with the IEPOX-OA factor, in sum suggesting an important role of sulfate in isoprene SOA formation. Moderate correlation between the MACR-derived SOA tracer 2-methylglyceric acid with sum of reactive and reservoir nitrogen oxides (NOy; r(2) = 0.38) and nitrate (r(2) = 0.45) indicates the potential influence of anthropogenic emissions through long-range transport. Despite the lack of a clear association of IEPOX-OA with locally estimated aerosol acidity and liquid water content (LWC), box model calculations of IEPOX uptake using the simpleGAMMA model, accounting for the role of acidity and aerosol water, predicted the abundance of the IEPOX-derived SOA tracers 2-methyltetrols and the corresponding sulfates with good accuracy (r(2) similar to 0.5 and similar to 0.7, respectively). The modeling and data combined suggest an anthropogenic influence on isoprene-derived SOA formation through acid-catalyzed heterogeneous chemistry of IEPOX in the southeastern US. However, it appears that this process was not limited by aerosol acidity or LWC at Look Rock during SOAS. Future studies should further explore the extent to which acidity and LWC as well as aerosol viscosity and morphology becomes a limiting factor of IEPOX-derived SOA, and their modulation by anthropogenic emissions. C1 [Budisulistiorini, S. H.; Li, X.; Zhang, Z.; Gold, A.; Surratt, J. D.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Bairai, S. T.; Mueller, S.] Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. [Renfro, J.] Natl Pk Serv, Gatlinburg, TN USA. [Liu, Y.; Liu, Y. J.; McKinney, K. A.; Martin, S. T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McNeill, V. F.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY USA. [Budisulistiorini, S. H.; Pye, H. O. T.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, A.] Hellas, Fdn Res & Technol, ICE HT, Patras, Greece. [Neff, M. E.; Stone, E. A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Knote, C.] Univ Munich, Dept Expt Meteorol, Munich, Germany. [Shaw, S. L.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Surratt, JD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. EM surratt@unc.edu RI Martin, Scot/G-1094-2015; Knote, Christoph/A-9809-2010; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; Pye, Havala/F-5392-2012 OI Martin, Scot/0000-0002-8996-7554; Knote, Christoph/0000-0001-9105-9179; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Pye, Havala/0000-0002-2014-2140 FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [835404]; Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310064]; Fulbright Presidential Fellowship; UNC Graduate School Off-Campus Dissertation Research Fellowship; US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program [835401] FX This work was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through grant number 835404. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US EPA. Further, the US EPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. The US EPA through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication, but may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. The author would also like to thank the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) for their support. This study was supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office's AC4 program, award # NA13OAR4310064. We thank Bill Hicks of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) for his assistance in collecting the collocated monitoring data at the LRK site. S. H. Budisulistiorini was supported by a Fulbright Presidential Fellowship (2010-2013) for attending the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the UNC Graduate School Off-Campus Dissertation Research Fellowship, as well as partial appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, US EPA, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and EPA. M. Neff and E. A. Stone were supported by US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program grant number 835401. The authors thank Lynn Russell, Timothy Bertram and Christopher Cappa as well as their respective groups for their collaboration during the SOAS campaign at LRK. The authors thank Louisa Emmons for her assistance with forecasts made available during the SOAS campaign. The authors thank John Offenberg for providing access to a Sunset Laboratory OC/EC analysis instrument. The authors also thank Tianqu Cui for his assistance in helping deploy instrumentation from the UNC group, and Wendy Marth and Theran Riedel for their assistance in helping calibrate the acetate CIMS. We would like to thank Annmarie Carlton, Joost deGouw, Jose Jimenez, and Allen Goldstein for helping to organize the SOAS campaign and coordinating communication between ground sites. NR 86 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 23 U2 82 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 15 BP 8871 EP 8888 DI 10.5194/acp-15-8871-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP5UI UT WOS:000359949700019 ER PT J AU Yahya, K Wang, K Zhang, Y Kleindienst, TE AF Yahya, K. Wang, K. Zhang, Y. Kleindienst, T. E. TI Application of WRF/Chem over North America under the AQMEII Phase 2-Part 2: Evaluation of 2010 application and responses of air quality and meteorology-chemistry interactions to changes in emissions and meteorology from 2006 to 2010 SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; EXTREME HEAT EVENTS; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REGIONAL CLIMATE; US; IMPACTS; OZONE; PARAMETERIZATION; MODELS AB The Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) simulation with the 2005 Carbon Bond (CB05) gas-phase mechanism coupled to the Modal for Aerosol Dynamics for Europe (MADE) and the volatility basis set approach for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) are conducted over a domain in North America for 2006 and 2010 as part of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) Phase 2 project. Following the Part 1 paper that focuses on the evaluation of the 2006 simulations, this Part 2 paper focuses on a comparison of model performance in 2006 and 2010 as well as analysis of the responses of air quality and meteorology-chemistry interactions to changes in emissions and meteorology from 2006 to 2010. In general, emissions for gaseous and aerosol species decrease from 2006 to 2010, leading to a reduction in gaseous and aerosol concentrations and associated changes in radiation and cloud variables due to various feedback mechanisms. WRF/Chem is able to reproduce most observations and the observed variation trends from 2006 to 2010, despite its slightly worse performance than WRF that is likely due to inaccurate chemistry feedbacks resulting from less accurate emissions and chemical boundary conditions (BCONs) in 2010. Compared to 2006, the performance for most meteorological variables in 2010 gives lower normalized mean biases but higher normalized mean errors and lower correlation coefficients. The model also shows poorer performance for most chemical variables in 2010. This could be attributed to underestimations in emissions of some species, such as primary organic aerosol in some areas of the US in 2010, and inaccurate chemical BCONs and meteorological predictions. The inclusion of chemical feedbacks in WRF/Chem reduces biases in meteorological predictions in 2010; however, it increases errors and weakens correlations comparing to WRF simulations. Sensitivity simulations show that the net changes in meteorological variables from 2006 to 2010 are mostly influenced by changes in meteorology and those of ozone and fine particulate matter are influenced to a large extent by emissions and/or chemical BCONs and to a lesser extent by changes in meteorology. Using a different set of emissions and/or chemical BCONs helps improve the performance of individual variables, although it does not improve the degree of agreement with observed interannual trends. These results indicate a need to further improve the accuracy and consistency of emissions and chemical BCONs, the representations of SOA and chemistry-meteorology feedbacks in the online-coupled models. C1 [Yahya, K.; Wang, K.; Zhang, Y.] NCSU, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kleindienst, T. E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), NCSU, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM yzhang9@ncsu.edu RI Wang, Kai/D-4262-2013 OI Wang, Kai/0000-0002-2375-5989 FU National Science Foundation [ACI-1053575]; National Science Foundation and Information Systems Laboratory at NCSU; National Science Foundation and Stampede; National Science Foundation EaSM program at NCSU [AGS-1049200] FX This study is funded by the National Science Foundation EaSM program (AGS-1049200) at NCSU. The following agencies have prepared the data sets used in this study: the U.S. EPA (North American emissions processing), Environment Canada, Mexican Secretariat of the Environment and Natural Resources (Secretaria del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, SE-MARNAT) and National Institute of Ecology (Instituto Nacional de Ecologia - INE) (North American national emissions inventories), the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting Global and Regional Earth-system (Atmosphere) Monitoring using Satellite and in situ data (ECMWF/GEMS) project and Meteo France/Centre national de recherches meteorologiques (CNRM-GAME) for the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) ICONs/BCONs. Meteorological ICONs/BCONs are provided by the National Center for Environmental Protection. Ambient North American concentration measurements are provided by several US networks (AQS, CASTNET, IMPROVE, SEARCH, and STN). North American precipitation-chemistry measurements are provided by several US networks (CASTNET, and NADP). GPCC precipitation data are provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Earth System Research Laboratory in the Physical Sciences Division (NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD), Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. The 2006 and 2010 SOA/OC data at RTP, NC, Bakersfield and Pasadena, CA, were provided by John Offenberg, U.S. EPA. Cloud variables were provided by MODIS. We thank Georg Grell, NOAA, Christian Hogrefe, US EPA, Paul Makar, Environment Canada, Christoph Knote, NCAR, and Patrick Campbell, NCSU, for helpful discussions on inputs and outputs of AQMEII model intercomparison. We would also like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation and Stampede, provided as an Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) digital service by the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) (http://www.tacc.utexas.edu), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number ACI-1053575. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2095 EP 2117 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-2095-2015 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO1LQ UT WOS:000358917100011 ER PT J AU Sproles, EA Leibowitz, SG Reager, JT Wigington, PJ Famiglietti, JS Patil, SD AF Sproles, E. A. Leibowitz, S. G. Reager, J. T. Wigington, P. J., Jr. Famiglietti, J. S. Patil, S. D. TI GRACE storage-runoff hystereses reveal the dynamics of regional watersheds SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GROUNDWATER DEPLETION; OREGON CASCADES; SOIL-MOISTURE; RIVER-BASIN; MOUNTAIN HYDROLOGY; SNOWPACK; MODEL AB We characterize how regional watersheds function as simple, dynamic systems through a series of hysteresis loops using measurements from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites. These loops illustrate the temporal relationship between runoff and terrestrial water storage in three regional-scale watersheds (> 150 000 km(2)) of the Columbia River Basin, USA and Canada. The shape and size of the hysteresis loops are controlled by the climate, topography, and geology of the watershed. The direction of the hystereses for the GRACE signals moves in opposite directions from the isolated groundwater hystereses. The subsurface water (soil moisture and groundwater) hystereses more closely resemble the storage-runoff relationship of a soil matrix. While the physical processes underlying these hystereses are inherently complex, the vertical integration of terrestrial water in the GRACE signal encapsulates the processes that govern the non-linear function of regional-scale watersheds. We use this process-based understanding to test how GRACE data can be applied prognostically to predict seasonal runoff (mean Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.91) and monthly runoff during the low flow/high demand month of August (mean Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.77) in all three watersheds. The global nature of GRACE data allows this same methodology to be applied in other regional-scale studies, and could be particularly useful in regions with minimal data and in trans-boundary watersheds. C1 [Sproles, E. A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Sproles, E. A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Leibowitz, S. G.; Wigington, P. J., Jr.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Reager, J. T.; Famiglietti, J. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Patil, S. D.] Bangor Univ, Sch Environm Nat Resources & Geog, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Sproles, E. A.] Univ La Serena, Ctr Estudios Avanzados Zonas Aridas, La Serena 1305, Chile. RP Sproles, EA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Technol, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM eric.sproles@gmail.com RI Patil, Sopan/E-8497-2011; OI Patil, Sopan/0000-0002-8575-5220; Sproles, Eric/0000-0003-1245-1653 FU NASA MEaSUREs Program; US Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors would like to thank Matthew Rodell and Felix Landerer for their expertise in understanding GRACE data during the initial stages of the research. GRACE terrestrial data were processed by Sean Swenson, supported by the NASA MEaSUREs Program, and are available at http://grace.jpl.nasa.gov. The GLDAS and NLDAS data used in this study were acquired as part of the mission of NASA's Earth Science Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. We would like to thank the reviewers of the manuscript that have helped improve its overall quality. Additionally, Tim Kerr provided objective feedback and comments on the research findings. The information in this document has been funded entirely by the US Environmental Protection Agency, in part by an appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and EPA. This manuscript has been subjected to Agency review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 19 IS 7 BP 3253 EP 3272 DI 10.5194/hess-19-3253-2015 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CO1MA UT WOS:000358918200016 ER PT S AU Harper, S Wohlleben, W Doa, M Nowack, B Clancy, S Canady, R Maynard, A AF Harper, Stacey Wohlleben, Wendel Doa, Maria Nowack, Bernd Clancy, Shaun Canady, Richard Maynard, Andrew GP IOP TI Measuring Nanomaterial Release from Carbon Nanotube Composites: Review of the State of the Science SO 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SAFE PRODUCTION AND USE OF NANOMATERIALS (NANOSAFE2014) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Safe Production and Use of Nanomaterials (Nanosafe) CY NOV 18-20, 2014 CL Grenoble, FRANCE ID EPOXY-BASED NANOCOMPOSITE; NANOPARTICLE RELEASE; POLYMER COMPOSITES; POTENTIAL RELEASE; LIFE-CYCLE; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENT; SCENARIOS AB Hazard studies of "as-produced" nanomaterials are increasingly available, yet a critical gap exists in exposure science that may impede safe development of nanomaterials. The gap is that we do not understand what is actually released because nanomaterials can change when released in ways that are not understood. We also generally do not have methods capable of quantitatively measuring what is released to support dose assessment. This review presents a case study of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for the measurement challenge to bridge this gap. As the use and value of MWCNTs increases, methods to measure what is released in ways relevant to risk evaluation are critically needed if products containing these materials are to be economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable. This review draws on the input of over 50 experts engaged in a program of workshops and technical report writing to address the release of MWCNTs from nanocomposite materials across their life cycle. The expert analyses reveals that new and sophisticated methods are required to measure and assess MWCNT exposures for realistic exposure scenarios. Furthermore, method requirements vary with the materials and conditions of release across life cycle stages of products. While review shows that the likelihood of significant release of MWCNTs appears to be low for many stages of composite life cycle, measurement methods are needed so that exposures from MWCNT-composites are understood and managed. In addition, there is an immediate need to refocus attention from study of "as-produced" nanomaterials to coordinated research on actual release scenarios. C1 [Harper, Stacey] Oregon State Univ, Environm & Mol Toxicol, Chem Biol & Environm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wohlleben, Wendel] BASF SE, Mat Phys, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany. [Doa, Maria] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Nowack, Bernd] EMPA, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Technol & Soc Lab, CH-9014 St Gallen, Switzerland. [Clancy, Shaun] Evonik Corp, Parsippany, NJ 07054 USA. [Canady, Richard] ILSI Res Fdn, Ctr Risk Sci Innovat & Applicat, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Maynard, Andrew] Univ Michigan, Risk Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Harper, S (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Environm & Mol Toxicol, Chem Biol & Environm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rcanady@ilsi.org RI Nowack, Bernd/B-6425-2008 OI Nowack, Bernd/0000-0002-5676-112X NR 90 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 617 AR 012026 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/617/1/012026 PG 19 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BD1HU UT WOS:000358033300026 ER PT J AU Fu, X Wang, SX Ran, LM Pleim, JE Cooter, E Bash, JO Benson, V Hao, JM AF Fu, X. Wang, S. X. Ran, L. M. Pleim, J. E. Cooter, E. Bash, J. O. Benson, V. Hao, J. M. TI Estimating NH3 emissions from agricultural fertilizer application in China using the bi-directional CMAQ model coupled to an agro-ecosystem model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID YANGTZE-RIVER DELTA; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; PARTICULATE MATTER; INORGANIC AEROSOLS; MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; HAZE POLLUTION; IMPACT AB Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) plays an important role in atmospheric aerosol chemistry. China is one of the largest NH3 emitting countries with the majority of NH3 emissions coming from agricultural practices, such as fertilizer application and livestock production. The current NH3 emission estimates in China are mainly based on pre-defined emission factors that lack temporal or spatial details, which are needed to accurately predict NH3 emissions. This study provides the first online estimate of NH3 emissions from agricultural fertilizer application in China, using an agricultural fertilizer modeling system which couples a regional air quality model (the Community Multi-scale Air Quality model, or CMAQ) and an agro-ecosystem model (the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate model, or EPIC). This method improves the spatial and temporal resolution of NH3 emissions from this sector. We combined the cropland area data of 14 crops from 2710 counties with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land use data to determine the crop distribution. The fertilizer application rates and methods for different crops were collected at provincial or agricultural region levels. The EPIC outputs of daily fertilizer application and soil characteristics were input into the CMAQ model and the hourly NH3 emissions were calculated online with CMAQ running. The estimated agricultural fertilizer NH3 emissions in this study were approximately 3 Tg in 2011. The regions with the highest modeled emission rates are located in the North China Plain. Seasonally, peak ammonia emissions occur from April to July. Compared with previous researches, this study considers an increased number of influencing factors, such as meteorological fields, soil and fertilizer application, and provides improved NH3 emissions with higher spatial and temporal resolution. C1 [Fu, X.; Wang, S. X.; Hao, J. M.] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Fu, X.; Wang, S. X.] State Environm Protect Key Lab Sources & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Ran, L. M.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Pleim, J. E.; Cooter, E.; Bash, J. O.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Benson, V.] Benson Consulting, Columbia, MO USA. [Hao, J. M.] Tsinghua Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Reg Environm Qual, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Wang, SX (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM shxwang@tsinghua.edu.cn RI wang, shuxiao/H-5990-2011; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI wang, shuxiao/0000-0001-9727-1963; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21221004]; MEP's special funds for Research on Public Welfare [201309009, 201409002]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XBD05020300] FX This work was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21221004), MEP's special funds for Research on Public Welfare (201309009, 201409002), and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XBD05020300). This work was completed on the "Explorer 100" cluster system of Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology. The authors also appreciate the help of Jimmy R. Williams at Texas A&M University, Youlu Bai from the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, and Margaret Ledyard-Marks in UNC Institute for the Environment. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official agency policy. Mention of commercial products does not constitute endorsement by the agency. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 13 U2 41 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 6637 EP 6649 DI 10.5194/acp-15-6637-2015 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZC UT WOS:000357117500006 ER PT J AU Arcaya, MC Arcaya, AL Subramanian, SV AF Arcaya, Mariana C. Arcaya, Alyssa L. Subramanian, S. V. TI Inequalities in health: definitions, concepts, and theories SO GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION LA English DT Review DE health disparities; inequality; inequity; theory ID SOCIAL INEQUALITIES; LIFE EXPECTANCY; SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES; INCOME INEQUALITY; MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DETERMINANTS; DISPARITIES; EQUITY; EXPLANATION AB Individuals from different backgrounds, social groups, and countries enjoy different levels of health. This article defines and distinguishes between unavoidable health inequalities and unjust and preventable health inequities. We describe the dimensions along which health inequalities are commonly examined, including across the global population, between countries or states, and within geographies, by socially relevant groupings such as race/ethnicity, gender, education, caste, income, occupation, and more. Different theories attempt to explain group-level differences in health, including psychosocial, material deprivation, health behavior, environmental, and selection explanations. Concepts of relative versus absolute; dose-response versus threshold; composition versus context; place versus space; the life course perspective on health; causal pathways to health; conditional health effects; and group-level versus individual differences are vital in understanding health inequalities. We close by reflecting on what conditions make health inequalities unjust, and to consider the merits of policies that prioritize the elimination of health disparities versus those that focus on raising the overall standard of health in a population. C1 [Arcaya, Mariana C.; Subramanian, S. V.] Boston Univ, Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Arcaya, Alyssa L.] US EPA, New York, NY USA. RP Subramanian, SV (reprint author), Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM svsubram@hsph.harvard.edu NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 23 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 1654-9880 J9 GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION JI Glob. Health Action PY 2015 VL 8 AR 27106 DI 10.3402/gha.v8.27106 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CL4RL UT WOS:000356941000001 PM 28156715 ER PT J AU Hildenbrand, ZL Osorio, A Carlton, DD Fontenot, BE Walton, JL Hunt, LR Oka, H Hopkins, D Bjorndal, B Schug, KA AF Hildenbrand, Zacariah L. Osorio, Alexandra Carlton, Doug D., Jr. Fontenot, Brian E. Walton, Jayme L. Hunt, Laura R. Oka, Hyppolite Hopkins, Dan Bjorndal, Bryan Schug, Kevin A. TI Rapid Analysis of Eukaryotic Bioluminescence to Assess Potential Groundwater Contamination Events SO JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER WELLS; GAS EXTRACTION AB Here we present data using a bioluminescent dinoflagellate, Pyrocystis lunula, in a toxicological bioassay to rapidly assess potential instances of groundwater contamination associated with natural gas extraction. P. lunula bioluminescence can be quantified using spectrophotometry as a measurement of organismal viability, with normal bioluminescent output declining with increasing concentration(s) of aqueous toxicants. Glutaraldehyde and hydrochloric acid (HCl), components used in hydraulic fracturing and shale acidization, triggered significant toxicological responses in as little as 4 h. Conversely, P. lunula was not affected by the presence of arsenic, selenium, barium, and strontium, naturally occurring heavy metal ions potentially associated with unconventional drilling activities. If exogenous compounds, such as glutaraldehyde and HCl, are thought to have been introduced into groundwater, quantification of P. lunula bioluminescence after exposure to water samples can serve as a cost-effective detection and risk assessment tool to rapidly assess the impact of putative contamination events attributed to unconventional drilling activity. C1 [Hildenbrand, Zacariah L.; Carlton, Doug D., Jr.; Fontenot, Brian E.; Hunt, Laura R.; Oka, Hyppolite; Schug, Kevin A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Hildenbrand, Zacariah L.; Carlton, Doug D., Jr.; Fontenot, Brian E.; Hunt, Laura R.; Oka, Hyppolite; Schug, Kevin A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Chem & Biochem, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Hildenbrand, Zacariah L.] Inform Environm LLC, Dallas, TX 75206 USA. [Osorio, Alexandra; Bjorndal, Bryan] Assure Controls Inc, Vista, CA 92081 USA. [Fontenot, Brian E.; Hunt, Laura R.] US EPA, Water Qual Protect Div, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. [Walton, Jayme L.] SWCA Environm Consultants, Arlington, TX 76006 USA. [Hopkins, Dan] Geotech Environm Equipment Inc, Carrollton, TX 75006 USA. RP Schug, KA (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM kschug@uta.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 2090-9063 EI 2090-9071 J9 J CHEM-NY JI J. Chem. PY 2015 AR 957608 DI 10.1155/2015/957608 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CL2JV UT WOS:000356770600001 ER PT J AU McAlary, T Groenevelt, H Disher, S Arnold, J Seethapathy, S Sacco, P Crump, D Schumacher, B Hayes, H Johnson, P Gorecki, T AF McAlary, Todd Groenevelt, Hester Disher, Stephen Arnold, Jason Seethapathy, Suresh Sacco, Paolo Crump, Derrick Schumacher, Brian Hayes, Heidi Johnson, Paul Gorecki, Tadeusz TI Passive sampling for volatile organic compounds in indoor air-controlled laboratory comparison of four sampler types (vol 17, pg 896, 2015) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Correction C1 [McAlary, Todd; Groenevelt, Hester] Geosyntec Consultants Inc, Guelph, ON N1G 5G3, Canada. [Disher, Stephen; Arnold, Jason; Hayes, Heidi] Eurofins Air Tox Inc, Folsom, CA USA. [Disher, Stephen; Arnold, Jason; Hayes, Heidi] Air Tox Ltd, Folsom, CA USA. [Seethapathy, Suresh; Gorecki, Tadeusz] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Sacco, Paolo] Fdn Salvatore Maugeri, Padua, Italy. [Crump, Derrick] Cranfield Univ, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. [Schumacher, Brian] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Johnson, Paul] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP McAlary, T (reprint author), Geosyntec Consultants Inc, 130 Res Lane 2, Guelph, ON N1G 5G3, Canada. EM tmcalary@geosyntec.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2015 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1190 EP 1190 DI 10.1039/c5em90021b PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CK2QW UT WOS:000356057300019 PM 25994121 ER PT J AU Collier, SA Wade, TJ Sams, EA Hlavsa, MC Dufour, AP Beach, MJ AF Collier, Sarah A. Wade, Timothy J. Sams, Elizabeth A. Hlavsa, Michele C. Dufour, Alfred P. Beach, Michael J. TI Swimming in the USA: beachgoer characteristics and health outcomes at US marine and freshwater beaches SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE gastrointestinal illness; health outcomes; healthcare utilization; natural waters; recreational water; swimming ID RAPIDLY MEASURED INDICATORS; UNITED-STATES; RECREATIONAL WATER; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; OTITIS-EXTERNA; ILLNESS; QUALITY; RISK; SURVEILLANCE; PATHOGENS AB Swimming in lakes and oceans is popular, but little is known about the demographic characteristics, behaviors, and health risks of beachgoers on a national level. Data from a prospective cohort study of beachgoers at multiple marine and freshwater beaches in the USA were used to describe beachgoer characteristics and health outcomes for swimmers and non-swimmers. This analysis included 54,250 participants. Most (73.2%) entered the water; of those, 65.1% put their head under water, 41.3% got water in their mouth and 18.5% swallowed water. Overall, 16.3% of beachgoers reported any new health problem. Among swimmers, 6.6% reported gastrointestinal (GI) illness compared with 5.5% of non-swimmers (unadjusted chi(2) p < 0.001); 6.0% of swimmers and 4.9% of non-swimmers reported respiratory illness (p < 0.001); 1.8% of swimmers and 1.0% of non-swimmers reported ear problems (p < 0.001); and 3.9% of swimmers and 2.4% of non-swimmers experienced a rash (p < 0.001). Overall, swimmers reported a higher unadjusted incidence of GI illness and earaches than nonswimmers. Current surveillance systems might not detect individual cases and outbreaks of illness associated with swimming in natural water. Better knowledge of beachgoer characteristics, activities, and health risks associated with swimming in natural water can improve disease surveillance and prioritize limited resources. C1 [Collier, Sarah A.; Hlavsa, Michele C.; Beach, Michael J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wade, Timothy J.; Sams, Elizabeth A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Dufour, Alfred P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Collier, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop C-09,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SCollier@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2015 VL 13 IS 2 BP 531 EP 543 DI 10.2166/wh.2014.095 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA CK2ET UT WOS:000356024100022 PM 26042984 ER PT J AU Ferreira, WR Ligeiro, R Macedo, DR Hughes, RM Kaufmann, PR Oliveira, LG Callisto, M AF Ferreira, Wander R. Ligeiro, Raphael Macedo, Diego R. Hughes, Robert M. Kaufmann, Philip R. Oliveira, Leandro G. Callisto, Marcos TI Is the diet of a typical shredder related to the physical habitat of headwater streams in the Brazilian Cerrado? SO ANNALES DE LIMNOLOGIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gut contents; aquatic macroinvertebrates; trophic guilds; tropical streams; stream habitat conservation ID PHYLLOICUS SP TRICHOPTERA; LEAF-LITTER; ORGANIC-MATTER; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; HIERARCHICAL FRAMEWORK; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; FEEDING PLASTICITY; AUSTRALIAN STREAMS; PARTICULATE MATTER; MULTIMETRIC INDEX AB Macroinvertebrates are important for processing leaf detritus in temperate streams, but studies about their role in tropical streams often present conflicting results. Via digestive tract analyses, we assessed the diets of Phylloicus sp. larvae (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), collected from streams of two southeastern Brazil river basins (Araguari, Sao Francisco). We classified gut contents as coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM), fine particulate organic matter (FPOM), algae, animal tissue, vascular plant tissue and mineral material. We hypothesized that the diets of Phylloicus larvae would be related to the physical habitat of the streams (e.g., riparian vegetation, organic matter availability and morphological characteristics), larval size and river basin. Although FPOM content predominated in both basins, we found greater CPOM content in Phylloicus larvae of Upper Sao Francisco sites, and this food item was related to greater riparian vegetation canopy density. The FPOM content was greater in larvae of Upper Araguari sites, and this food item was correlated with greater instream brush cover. Algae, animal tissue, vascular plant tissue and mineral material were very rare in the digestive tracts, and therefore could not be explained. These results indicate the importance of riparian vegetation structure in modulating feeding habitats of macroinvertebrates. We conclude that the Phylloicus larvae had more flexibility in what they eat than we might expect based on their traditional classification as shredders. Therefore, trusting in published classifications, ignoring regional or local differences, may be inaccurate. Instead, regional studies of feeding habits are needed for accurate classifications of invertebrate taxa into trophic guilds. C1 [Ferreira, Wander R.; Ligeiro, Raphael; Macedo, Diego R.; Callisto, Marcos] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Biol Geral, Lab Ecol Bentos, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Macedo, Diego R.] Inst Brasileiro Geog & Estat, BR-30310150 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Amnis Opes Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kaufmann, Philip R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Oliveira, Leandro G.] Univ Fed Goias, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Ecol, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. RP Ferreira, WR (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Biol Geral, Lab Ecol Bentos, Av Antonio Carlos 6627,CP 486, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM ferreirawr@gmail.com RI Ligeiro, Raphael/K-7791-2015; Callisto, Marcos/O-4930-2015; Macedo, Diego/G-2506-2015 OI Ligeiro, Raphael/0000-0001-9717-5461; Callisto, Marcos/0000-0003-2341-4700; Macedo, Diego/0000-0002-1178-4969 FU CNPq [471385/2011-5, 302960/2011-2]; FAPEMIG [PPM-00077/13] FX We are grateful to the Peixe-Vivo Program of Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais, Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento/Agencia Nacional de Energia Eletrica/Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais-P&D ANEEL/CEMIG (GT-487), Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), and Fulbright-Brasil for financial support; Carlos Bernardo Mascarenhas Alves for logistical support; colleagues from the Federal University of Minas Gerais Benthic Ecology Laboratory, Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Federal University of Lavras, and Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais for help with field collections; and researchers at the U.S. EPA Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, Oregon for discussions during an October 2011 workshop. MC received CNPq research grant and research fellowship nos. 471385/2011-5 and 302960/2011-2 and FAPEMIG research grant PPM-00077/13. Tony Olsen, Marc Weber, and Phil Larsen of the Corvallis US Environmental Protection Agency Laboratory (Oregon, USA) kindly assisted in developing spatial sampling designs and selecting wadeable stream sample sites. The manuscript was improved via reviews by William Gerth of Oregon State University, and four anonymous referees. This manuscript was subjected to review by the US EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0003-4088 EI 2100-000X J9 ANN LIMNOL-INT J LIM JI Ann. Limnol.-Int. J. Limnol. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 2 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1051/limn/2015004 PG 10 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CJ5VX UT WOS:000355561500003 ER PT J AU Hayes, PL Carlton, AG Baker, KR Ahmadov, R Washenfelder, RA Alvarez, S Rappengluck, B Gilman, JB Kuster, WC de Gouw, JA Zotter, P Prevot, ASH Szidat, S Kleindienst, TE Offenberg, JH Ma, PK Jimenez, JL AF Hayes, P. L. Carlton, A. G. Baker, K. R. Ahmadov, R. Washenfelder, R. A. Alvarez, S. Rappenglueck, B. Gilman, J. B. Kuster, W. C. de Gouw, J. A. Zotter, P. Prevot, A. S. H. Szidat, S. Kleindienst, T. E. Offenberg, J. H. Ma, P. K. Jimenez, J. L. TI Modeling the formation and aging of secondary organic aerosols in Los Angeles during CalNex 2010 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILITY BASIS-SET; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MEXICO-CITY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; TRACER COMPOUNDS; ELEMENTAL RATIO; UNITED-STATES; AQUEOUS-PHASE; SOA FORMATION AB Four different literature parameterizations for the formation and evolution of urban secondary organic aerosol (SOA) frequently used in 3-D models are evaluated using a 0-D box model representing the Los Angeles metropolitan region during the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) 2010 campaign. We constrain the model predictions with measurements from several platforms and compare predictions with particle-and gas-phase observations from the CalNex Pasadena ground site. That site provides a unique opportunity to study aerosol formation close to anthropogenic emission sources with limited recirculation. The model SOA that formed only from the oxidation of VOCs (V-SOA) is insufficient to explain the observed SOA concentrations, even when using SOA parameterizations with multi-generation oxidation that produce much higher yields than have been observed in chamber experiments, or when increasing yields to their upper limit estimates accounting for recently reported losses of vapors to chamber walls. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model (version 5.0.1) provides excellent predictions of secondary inorganic particle species but underestimates the observed SOA mass by a factor of 25 when an older VOC-only parameterization is used, which is consistent with many previous model-measurement comparisons for pre-2007 anthropogenic SOA modules in urban areas. Including SOA from primary semi-volatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (P-S/IVOCs) following the parameterizations of Robinson et al. (2007), Grieshop et al. (2009), or Pye and Seinfeld (2010) improves model-measurement agreement for mass concentration. The results from the three parameterizations show large differences (e.g., a factor of 3 in SOA mass) and are not well constrained, underscoring the current uncertainties in this area. Our results strongly suggest that other precursors besides VOCs, such as P-S/IVOCs, are needed to explain the observed SOA concentrations in Pasadena. All the recent parameterizations overpredict urban SOA formation at long photochemical ages (approximate to 3 days) compared to observations from multiple sites, which can lead to problems in regional and especially global modeling. However, reducing IVOC emissions by one-half in the model to better match recent IVOC measurements improves SOA predictions at these long photochemical ages. Among the explicitly modeled VOCs, the precursor compounds that contribute the greatest SOA mass are methylbenzenes. Measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalenes) contribute 0.7% of the modeled SOA mass. The amounts of SOA mass from diesel vehicles, gasoline vehicles, and cooking emissions are estimated to be 16-27, 35-61, and 19-35 %, respectively, depending on the parameterization used, which is consistent with the observed fossil fraction of urban SOA, 71(+/- 3) %. The relative contribution of each source is uncertain by almost a factor of 2 depending on the parameterization used. In-basin biogenic VOCs are predicted to contribute only a few percent to SOA. A regional SOA background of approximately 2.1 mu g m(-3) is also present due to the long-distance transport of highly aged OA, likely with a substantial contribution from regional biogenic SOA. The percentage of SOA from diesel vehicle emissions is the same, within the estimated uncertainty, as reported in previous work that analyzed the weekly cycles in OA concentrations (Bahreini et al., 2012; Hayes et al., 2013). However, the modeling work presented here suggests a strong anthropogenic source of modern carbon in SOA, due to cooking emissions, which was not accounted for in those previous studies and which is higher on weekends. Lastly, this work adapts a simple two-parameter model to predict SOA concentration and O/C from urban emissions. This model successfully predicts SOA concentration, and the optimal parameter combination is very similar to that found for Mexico City. This approach provides a computationally inexpensive method for predicting urban SOA in global and climate models. We estimate pollution SOA to account for 26 Tg yr(-1) of SOA globally, or 17% of global SOA, one-third of which is likely to be non-fossil. C1 [Hayes, P. L.; Ahmadov, R.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Gilman, J. B.; de Gouw, J. A.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hayes, P. L.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hayes, P. L.; Ma, P. K.] Univ Montreal, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Carlton, A. G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Baker, K. R.; Kleindienst, T. E.; Offenberg, J. H.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ahmadov, R.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; de Gouw, J. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Alvarez, S.; Rappenglueck, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Zotter, P.; Prevot, A. S. H.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. [Szidat, S.] Univ Bern, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bern, Switzerland. [Szidat, S.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. RP Hayes, PL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM patrick.hayes@umontreal.ca; jose.jimenez@colorado.edu RI Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011; Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Szidat, Sonke/D-6706-2011; Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071; Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Szidat, Sonke/0000-0002-1824-6207; Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 FU US DOE (BER, ASR program) [DE-SC0006035, DE-SC0006711, DE-SC0011105]; NSF [AGS-1243354, AGS-1360834]; NOAA [NA13OAR4310063]; CIRES Visiting Fellows Program; NSERC; Universite de Montreal; US Weather Research Program within the NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality; [CARB 08-319]; [CARB 11-305] FX This work was partially supported by CARB 08-319 and CARB 11-305; US DOE (BER, ASR program) DE-SC0006035, DE-SC0006711, and DE-SC0011105; NSF AGS-1243354 and AGS-1360834; and NOAA NA13OAR4310063. P. L. Hayes is also grateful for a fellowship from the CIRES Visiting Fellows Program, and P. L. Hayes and P. K. Ma acknowledge support from a NSERC Discovery Grant and the Universite de Montreal. The authors thank Chris J. Hennigan (UMBC) and Allen L. Robinson (CMU) for providing the naphthalene and methylnaphthalene data. We also thank John S. Holloway (NOAA) for providing CO data, Roya Bahreini (University of California-Riverside) and Ann M. Middlebrook (NOAA) for providing OA data from the NOAA P3, and Stuart A. McKeen (NOAA) for helpful discussions. R. Ahmadov is supported by the US Weather Research Program within the NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. The manuscript was subjected to external peer review and has been cleared for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 109 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 16 U2 89 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 5773 EP 5801 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5773-2015 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BM UT WOS:000355289200028 ER PT J AU Guo, H Xu, L Bougiatioti, A Cerully, KM Capps, SL Hite, JR Carlton, AG Lee, SH Bergin, MH Ng, NL Nenes, A Weber, RJ AF Guo, H. Xu, L. Bougiatioti, A. Cerully, K. M. Capps, S. L. Hite, J. R., Jr. Carlton, A. G. Lee, S. -H. Bergin, M. H. Ng, N. L. Nenes, A. Weber, R. J. TI Fine-particle water and pH in the southeastern United States SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; LIQUID PHASE-SEPARATION; THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; ALPHA-PINENE; INORGANIC AEROSOLS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; AMMONIUM-SULFATE AB Particle water and pH are predicted using meteorological observations (relative humidity (RH), temperature (T)), gas/particle composition, and thermodynamic modeling (ISORROPIA-II). A comprehensive uncertainty analysis is included, and the model is validated. We investigate mass concentrations of particle water and related particle pH for ambient fine-mode aerosols sampled in a relatively remote Alabama forest during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) in summer and at various sites in the southeastern US during different seasons, as part of the Southeastern Center for Air Pollution and Epidemiology (SCAPE) study. Particle water and pH are closely linked; pH is a measure of the particle H+ aqueous concentration and depends on both the presence of ions and amount of particle liquid water. Levels of particle water, in turn, are determined through water uptake by both the ionic species and organic compounds. Thermodynamic calculations based on measured ion concentrations can predict both pH and liquid water but may be biased since contributions of organic species to liquid water are not considered. In this study, contributions of both the inorganic and organic fractions to aerosol liquid water were considered, and predictions were in good agreement with measured liquid water based on differences in ambient and dry light scattering coefficients (prediction vs. measurement: slope = 0.91, intercept = 0.5 mu gm(-3), R-2 = 0.75). ISORROPIA-II predictions were confirmed by good agreement between predicted and measured ammonia concentrations (slope = 1.07, intercept = -0.12 mu gm(-3), R-2 = 0.76). Based on this study, organic species on average contributed 35% to the total water, with a substantially higher contribution (50 %) at night. However, not including contributions of organic water had a minor effect on pH (changes pH by 0.15 to 0.23 units), suggesting that predicted pH without consideration of organic water could be sufficient for the purposes of aqueous secondary organic aerosol (SOA) chemistry. The mean pH predicted in the Alabama forest (SOAS) was 0.94 +/- 0.59 (median 0.93). pH diurnal trends followed liquid water and were driven mainly by variability in RH; during SOAS nighttime pH was near 1.5, while daytime pH was near 0.5. pH ranged from 0.5 to 2 in summer and 1 to 3 in the winter at other sites. The systematically low pH levels in the southeast may have important ramifications, such as significantly influencing acid-catalyzed reactions, gas-aerosol partitioning, and mobilization of redox metals and minerals. Particle ion balances or molar ratios, often used to infer pH, do not consider the dissociation state of individual ions or particle liquid water levels and do not correlate with particle pH. C1 [Guo, H.; Hite, J. R., Jr.; Bergin, M. H.; Ng, N. L.; Nenes, A.; Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Xu, L.; Bougiatioti, A.; Cerully, K. M.; Ng, N. L.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Bergin, M. H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Capps, S. L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Carlton, A. G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Lee, S. -H.] Kent State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Nenes, A.] Fdn Res & Technol, Hellas, Greece. [Bougiatioti, A.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. RP Weber, RJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu; rodney.weber@eas.gatech.edu RI Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; Capps, Shannon/E-5602-2017 OI Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; Capps, Shannon/0000-0002-6872-6604 FU NSF as part of the SOAS campaign [1242258]; US EPA STAR [R835410]; NOAA CPO [NA10OAR4310102]; EPA through US EPA [R834799]; Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, US EPA; Georgia Power Faculty Scholar Chair; Georgia Institute of Technology; NSF [AGS-1241498]; Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning" (Action's Beneficiary: General Secretariat for Research and Technology); European Social Fund (ESF); Greek state FX This work was supported by the NSF under grant number 1242258 as part of the SOAS campaign. GIT SOAS researchers were also supported by a US EPA STAR grant R835410 and NOAA CPO Award NA10OAR4310102. Measurements at other sites in the southeast were part of the EPA-supported SCAPE Clean Air Center, made possible through US EPA grant R834799. The content of this publication are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US EPA. Further, the US EPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. S. L. Capps was supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, US EPA, administered by ORISE. A. Nenes acknowledges support from a Georgia Power Faculty Scholar Chair and a Cullen-Peck Faculty Fellowship from the Georgia Institute of Technology. We would also like to thank Richard Moore from NASA Langley for valuable suggestions and discussions. S.-H. Lee acknowledges funding support from NSF (AGS-1241498). A. Bougiatioti acknowledges support within the framework of the Action Supporting Postdoctoral Researchers of the Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning" (Action's Beneficiary: General Secretariat for Research and Technology) and is co-financed by the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Greek state. We wish to thank the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) personnel for their many contributions supporting the field deployments. NR 82 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 25 U2 86 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 9 BP 5211 EP 5228 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5211-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BL UT WOS:000355289100015 ER PT J AU Baker, KR Carlton, AG Kleindienst, TE Offenberg, JH Beaver, MR Gentner, DR Goldstein, AH Hayes, PL Jimenez, JL Gilman, JB de Gouw, JA Woody, MC Pye, HOT Kelly, JT Lewandowski, M Jaoui, M Stevens, PS Brune, WH Lin, YH Rubitschun, CL Surratt, JD AF Baker, K. R. Carlton, A. G. Kleindienst, T. E. Offenberg, J. H. Beaver, M. R. Gentner, D. R. Goldstein, A. H. Hayes, P. L. Jimenez, J. L. Gilman, J. B. de Gouw, J. A. Woody, M. C. Pye, H. O. T. Kelly, J. T. Lewandowski, M. Jaoui, M. Stevens, P. S. Brune, W. H. Lin, Y. -H. Rubitschun, C. L. Surratt, J. D. TI Gas and aerosol carbon in California: comparison of measurements and model predictions in Pasadena and Bakersfield SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; AIR-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; SOA FORMATION; AGRICULTURAL CROPS; OXALIC-ACID; 2010 CALNEX; EMISSIONS AB Co-located measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 /organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon, radiocarbon (C-14), speciated volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and OH radicals during the CalNex field campaign provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model's representation of organic species from VOCs to particles. Episode average daily 23 h average C-14 analysis indicates PM2.5 carbon at Pasadena and Bakersfield during the CalNex field campaign was evenly split between contemporary and fossil origins. CMAQ predicts a higher contemporary carbon fraction than indicated by the C-14 analysis at both locations. The model underestimates measured PM2.5 organic carbon at both sites with very little (7% in Pasadena) of the modeled mass represented by secondary production, which contrasts with the ambient-based SOC / OC fraction of 63% at Pasadena. Measurements and predictions of gas-phase anthropogenic species, such as toluene and xylenes, are generally within a factor of 2, but the corresponding SOC tracer (2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxo-pentanoic acid) is systematically underpredicted by more than a factor of 2. Monoterpene VOCs and SOCs are underestimated at both sites. Isoprene is underestimated at Pasadena and overpredicted at Bakersfield and isoprene SOC mass is underestimated at both sites. Systematic model underestimates in SOC mass coupled with reasonable skill (typically within a factor of 2) in predicting hydroxyl radical and VOC gas-phase precursors suggest error( s) in the parameterization of semivolatile gases to form SOC. Yield values (alpha) applied to semivolatile partitioning species were increased by a factor of 4 in CMAQ for a sensitivity simulation, taking into account recent findings of underestimated yields in chamber experiments due to gas wall losses. This sensitivity resulted in improved model performance for PM2.5 organic carbon at both field study locations and at routine monitor network sites in California. Modeled percent secondary contribution (22% at Pasadena) becomes closer to ambient-based estimates but still contains a higher primary fraction than observed. C1 [Baker, K. R.; Kelly, J. T.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Carlton, A. G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Kleindienst, T. E.; Offenberg, J. H.; Beaver, M. R.; Woody, M. C.; Pye, H. O. T.; Lewandowski, M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gentner, D. R.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, New Haven, CT USA. [Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hayes, P. L.] Univ Montreal, Dept Chim, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gilman, J. B.; de Gouw, J. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Jaoui, M.] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Stevens, P. S.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Ctr Res Environm Sci, Bloomington, IN USA. [Stevens, P. S.] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN USA. [Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lin, Y. -H.; Rubitschun, C. L.; Surratt, J. D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Baker, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM baker.kirk@epa.gov RI Kelly, James/F-8135-2010; Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Lin, Ying-Hsuan/J-4023-2014; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Pye, Havala/F-5392-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kelly, James/0000-0001-6574-5714; Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Lin, Ying-Hsuan/0000-0001-8904-1287; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Pye, Havala/0000-0002-2014-2140; FU EPA, through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-10-070]; EPA's STAR program [RD83504101]; CARB [11-305] FX The authors would like to acknowledge measurements taken by Scott Scheller and the contribution from Chris Misenis, Allan Beidler, Chris Allen, James Beidler, Heather Simon, and Rich Mason. EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract EP-D-10-070 to Alion Science and Technology. This work is supported in part through EPA's STAR program, grant number RD83504101. P. L. Hayes and J. L. Jimenez were supported by CARB 11-305. NR 77 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 51 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 9 BP 5243 EP 5258 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5243-2015 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BL UT WOS:000355289100017 ER PT J AU DeVito, SC Keenan, C Lazarus, D AF DeVito, Stephen C. Keenan, Cheryl Lazarus, Dana TI Can pollutant release and transfer registers (PRTRs) be used to assess implementation and effectiveness of green chemistry practices? A case study involving the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and pharmaceutical manufacturers SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Pharmaceutical firms have reported that implementation of green chemistry practices in their manufacturing processes have significantly reduced the quantities of toxic chemicals they use, release to the environment, or otherwise manage as waste. Using the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) database and literature publications, we conducted research to assess this claim. Our analyses show that over the 2002 through 2011 timeframe the quantities of toxic chemicals reported annually by pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities to EPA's TRI Program as released to the environment or otherwise managed as waste have declined steadily and by more than 60%. The large reductions in the reported quantities are sector-wide, and it appears that factors such as outsourcing, production levels, regulations, shifts to other waste management practices, or TRI reporting characteristics by the larger pharmaceutical firms are not driving the decline. Our analyses, combined with the extensive evidence in the literature of green chemistry advances within the pharma sector, lead us to conclude that implementation of green chemistry practices is a major contributing factor to the large reductions we report herein. We believe the TRI, an easy-to-use pollution prevention tool used extensively for tracking environmental performance, is uniquely well-suited for assessing the progress made by different industry sectors or specific facilities therein in implementing green chemistry practices and the effectiveness that such practices have in preventing pollution: uses of the TRI that hitherto have not been reported. Moreover, our findings indicate that other pollutant release and transfer registers (PRTRs) may have the potential to be used for these purposes as well. C1 [DeVito, Stephen C.] US EPA, Tox Release Inventory Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Keenan, Cheryl; Lazarus, Dana] Abt Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP DeVito, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Tox Release Inventory Program, Mail Code 2844 T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM devito.steve@epa.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 5 BP 2679 EP 2692 DI 10.1039/c5gc00056d PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CI0EQ UT WOS:000354409500006 ER PT J AU Cinelli, M Coles, SR Nadagouda, MN Blaszczynski, J Slowinski, R Varma, RS Kirwan, K AF Cinelli, Marco Coles, Stuart R. Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Blaszczynski, Jerzy Slowinski, Roman Varma, Rajender S. Kirwan, Kerry TI A green chemistry-based classification model for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; CRITERIA DECISION-ANALYSIS; ROUGH SET APPROACH; MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; EX ANTE ASSESSMENT; METAL NANOPARTICLES; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; MULTICRITERIA CLASSIFICATION; SONOELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS; CROPPING SYSTEMS AB The assessment of the implementation of green chemistry principles in the syntheses of nanomaterials is a complex decision-making problem that necessitates the integration of several evaluation criteria. Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding (MCDA) provides support for such a challenge. One of its methods - Dominance-based Rough Set Approach (DRSA) - was used in this research to develop a model for the green chemistry-based classification of silver nanoparticle synthesis protocols into preference-ordered performance classes. DRSA allowed integration of knowledge from both peer-reviewed literature and experts (decision makers, DMs) in the field, resulting in a model composed of decision rules that are logical statements in the form: "if conditions, then decision". The approach provides the basis for the design of rules for the greener synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Decision rules are supported by synthesis protocols that enforce the principles of green chemistry to various extents, resulting in robust recommendations for the development and assessment of silver nanoparticle synthesis that perform at one of five pre-determined levels. The DRSA-based approach is transparent and structured and can be easily updated. New perspectives and criteria could be added into the model if relevant data were available and domain-specific experts could collaborate through the MCDA procedure. C1 [Cinelli, Marco; Coles, Stuart R.; Kirwan, Kerry] Univ Warwick, Int Mfg Ctr, WMG, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, WQMB, WSWRD, NRMRL,ORD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Blaszczynski, Jerzy; Slowinski, Roman] Poznan Univ Tech, Inst Comp Sci, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland. [Slowinski, Roman] Polish Acad Sci, Syst Res Inst, PL-01447 Warsaw, Poland. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Cinelli, M (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Int Mfg Ctr, WMG, Univ Rd, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. EM m.cinelli@warwick.ac.uk; Varma.rajender@epa.gov; kerry.kirwan@warwick.ac.uk RI Slowinski, Roman/A-5751-2013; Blaszczynski, Jerzy/M-1601-2014; OI Slowinski, Roman/0000-0002-5200-7795; Cinelli, Marco/0000-0001-5822-3627 FU UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; WMG Department of the University of Warwick (UK); "CL4W", Cleaning Land for Wealth [EP/K026216/1] FX The authors greatly acknowledge the funding from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, WMG Department of the University of Warwick (UK) and the "CL4W", Cleaning Land for Wealth, project (grant number EP/K026216/1). The authors would like to thank Dr David E. Meyer, Dr Michael Gonzalez and Dr Gerardo Ruiz-Mercado from U.S. EPA for the thorough and constructive feedback provided during the paper development. NR 121 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 5 BP 2825 EP 2839 DI 10.1039/c4gc02088j PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CI0EQ UT WOS:000354409500027 ER PT J AU Chern, EC King, D Haugland, R Pfaller, S AF Chern, Eunice C. King, Dawn Haugland, Richard Pfaller, Stacy TI Evaluation of quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays targeting Mycobacterium avium, M. intracellulare, and M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis in drinking water biofilms SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE biofilm; M. avium; M. avium subsp paratuberculosis; M. intracellulare; qPCR ID REAL-TIME PCR; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; ENVIRONMENTAL MYCOBACTERIA; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; POTABLE WATER; COMPLEX; INFECTION; SAMPLES; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Mycobacterium avium (MA), Mycobacterium intracellulare (MI), and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) are difficult to culture due to their slow growing nature. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method for the rapid detection of MA, MI, and MAP can be used to provide data supporting drinking water biofilms as potential sources of human exposure. The aim of this study was to characterize two qPCR assays targeting partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of MA and MI and use these assays, along with two previously reported MAP qPCR assays (IS900 and Target 251), to investigate Mycobacterium occurrence in kitchen faucet biofilms. MA and MI qPCR assays demonstrated 100% specificity and sensitivity when evaluated against 18 non-MA complex, 76 MA, and 17 MI isolates. Both assays detected approximately 1,000 cells from a diluted cell stock inoculated on a sampling swab 100% of the time. DNA analysis by qPCR indicated that 35.3, 56.9 and 11.8% of the 51 kitchen faucet biofilm samples collected contained MA, MI, and MAP, respectively. This study introduces novel qPCR assays designed to specifically detect MA and MI in biofilm. Results support the use of qPCR as an alternative to culture for detection and enumeration of MA, MI, and MAP in microbiologically complex samples. C1 [Chern, Eunice C.; King, Dawn; Haugland, Richard; Pfaller, Stacy] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Pfaller, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM pfaller.stacy@epa.gov FU US EPA, ORD FX The authors wish to thank all individuals that provided samples for this study. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names, products or services does not convey official EPA approval, endorsement, or recommendation. This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program for the US EPA, ORD, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US DOE and the EPA. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 18 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2015 VL 13 IS 1 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.2166/wh.2014.060 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA CJ0QY UT WOS:000355183800013 PM 25719473 ER PT J AU Gomez-Alvarez, V Humrighouse, BW Revetta, RP Domingo, JWS AF Gomez-Alvarez, Vicente Humrighouse, Ben W. Revetta, Randy P. Domingo, Jorge W. Santo TI Bacterial composition in a metropolitan drinking water distribution system utilizing different source waters SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE bacterial diversity; drinking water bacteria; 16S rRNA gene sequencing ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BIOFILMS; MYCOBACTERIA; ECOLOGY; CHLORINATION; DIVERSITY; PROTOZOA; RNA AB We investigated the bacterial composition of water samples from two service areas within a drinking water distribution system (DWDS), each associated with a different primary source of water (groundwater, GW; surface water, SW) and different treatment process. Community analysis based on 16S rRNA gene clone libraries indicated that Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium spp.) and alpha-Proteobacteria represented nearly 43 and 38% of the total sequences, respectively. Sequences closely related to Legionella, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio spp. were also identified. In spite of the high number of sequences (71%) shared in both areas, multivariable analysis revealed significant differences between the GW and SW areas. While the dominant phylotypes where not significantly contributing in the ordination of samples, the populations associated with the core of phylotypes (1-10% in each sample) significantly contributed to the differences between both service areas. Diversity indices indicate that the microbial community inhabiting the SW area is more diverse and contains more distantly related species coexisting with local assemblages as compared with the GW area. The bacterial community structure of SW and GW service areas were dissimilar, suggesting that their respective source water and/or water quality parameters shaped by the treatment processes may contribute to the differences in community structure observed. C1 [Gomez-Alvarez, Vicente; Revetta, Randy P.; Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Humrighouse, Ben W.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Humrighouse, Ben W.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Domingo, JWS (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX This work was funded by a Traineeship Award from the US Environmental Protection Agency to BWH. Special thanks to Jeff Swertfeger from the Greater Cincinnati Water Work (GCWW) for helping in the logistics of the water collection, to the Greater Cincinnati Water Work personnel for helping in the water collection and Margaret Kupferle and Daniel Oerther for revising initial drafts of this manuscript. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the official positions and policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Any mention of product or trade names does not constitute recommendation for use by the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 21 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2015 VL 13 IS 1 BP 140 EP 151 DI 10.2166/wh.2014.057 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA CJ0QY UT WOS:000355183800014 PM 25719474 ER PT J AU Rahman, L Shah, A Lunsford, SK Han, C Nadagouda, MN Sahle-Demessie, E Qureshi, R Khan, MS Kraatz, HB Dionysiou, DD AF Rahman, Latif-ur Shah, Afzal Lunsford, Suzanne Kay Han, Changseok Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew Qureshi, Rumana Khan, Muhammad Saleem Kraatz, Heinz-Bernhard Dionysiou, Dionysios. D. TI Monitoring of 2-butanone using a Ag-Cu bimetallic alloy nanoscale electrochemical sensor SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID AU-AG; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATION AB Spherical shaped silver-copper alloy nanoparticles of 10-15 nm size were synthesized by an aqueous polymer solution method. The synthesized nanoscale Ag-Cu alloy was characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The XRD pattern showed high crystallinity and phase formation of the nanoparticles. The bimetallic alloy nanoparticles were coated over a well-polished glassy carbon electrode and the designed sensor was applied for the detection of a highly carcinogenic carbonyl compound, 2-butanone. Electrochemical studies revealed that PEI used as a capping agent also enhances the sensing of the modified electrode for the recognition of 2-butanone. The sensor developed from Ag-Cu (1 : 1) alloy nanoparticles showed the best sensing properties for the detection of 2-butanone as evidenced by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a 0.1 mu M detection limit. C1 [Rahman, Latif-ur; Shah, Afzal; Qureshi, Rumana] Quaid I Azam Univ, Dept Chem, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan. [Rahman, Latif-ur; Han, Changseok; Dionysiou, Dionysios. D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biomed Chem & Environm Engn, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Kraatz, Heinz-Bernhard] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Lunsford, Suzanne Kay] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Han, Changseok; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Water Qual Management Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Khan, Muhammad Saleem] Univ Peshawar, Natl Ctr Excellence Phys Chem, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. RP Shah, A (reprint author), Quaid I Azam Univ, Dept Chem, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan. EM afzal.shah@utoronto.ca; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu RI Shah, Afzal/J-2242-2015; OI Kraatz, Bernie/0000-0002-7149-0110 FU Chemistry Department of Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DBCEE), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Higher Education Commission of Pakistan FX This work was jointly supported by the Chemistry Department of Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada and Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DBCEE), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. The financial support of Higher Education Commission of Pakistan is also acknowledged. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 55 BP 44427 EP 44434 DI 10.1039/c5ra03633j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CI7SM UT WOS:000354964900063 ER PT S AU Brown-Peterson, NJ Brewton, RA Griffitt, RJ Fulford, RS AF Brown-Peterson, Nancy J. Brewton, Rachel A. Griffitt, Robert J. Fulford, Richard S. BE Alford, JB Peterson, MS Green, CC TI Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on the Reproductive Biology of Spotted Seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) SO IMPACTS OF OIL SPILL DISASTERS ON MARINE HABITATS AND FISHERIES IN NORTH AMERICA SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LOUISIANA SALT MARSHES; FISH; ESTUARIES; GROWTH C1 [Brown-Peterson, Nancy J.; Griffitt, Robert J.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Brewton, Rachel A.] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Fulford, Richard S.] US EPA, Ecosyst Assessment Branch, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. RP Brown-Peterson, NJ (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4665-5721-5; 978-1-4665-5720-8 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2015 BP 237 EP 252 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC7CH UT WOS:000354736900013 ER PT S AU Fulford, RS Griffit, RJ Brown-Peterson, NJ Perry, H Sanchez-Rubio, G AF Fulford, Richard S. Griffit, Robert J. Brown-Peterson, Nancy J. Perry, Harriet Sanchez-Rubio, Guillermo BE Alford, JB Peterson, MS Green, CC TI Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus, Larval Settlement in Mississippi SO IMPACTS OF OIL SPILL DISASTERS ON MARINE HABITATS AND FISHERIES IN NORTH AMERICA SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ALASKA; ABUNDANCE; USA; VARIABILITY; RECRUITMENT; ENVIRONMENT; DISPERSION C1 [Fulford, Richard S.] US EPA, Ecosyst Assessment Branch, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Griffit, Robert J.; Brown-Peterson, Nancy J.; Perry, Harriet] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS USA. [Sanchez-Rubio, Guillermo] Ctr Fisheries Res & Dev, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS USA. RP Fulford, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Assessment Branch, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4665-5721-5; 978-1-4665-5720-8 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2015 BP 253 EP 267 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC7CH UT WOS:000354736900014 ER PT J AU Duckworth, K Spencer, M Bates, C Miller, ME Almquist, C Grimaila, M Magnuson, M Willison, S Phillips, R Racz, L AF Duckworth, Kelsey Spencer, Michael Bates, Christopher Miller, Michael E. Almquist, Catherine Grimaila, Michael Magnuson, Matthew Willison, Stuart Phillips, Rebecca Racz, LeeAnn TI Advanced oxidation degradation kinetics as a function of ultraviolet LED duty cycle SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen peroxide; light emitting diode; methylene blue; ultraviolet ID LIGHT EMITTING DIODES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; UV; EFFICIENCY; ILLUMINATION; PHENOL AB Ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) may be a viable option as a UV light source for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) utilizing photocatalysts or oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide. The effect of UV-LED duty cycle, expressed as the percentage of time the LED is powered, was investigated in an AOP with hydrogen peroxide, using methylene blue (MB) to assess contaminant degradation. The UV-LED AOP degraded the MB at all duty cycles. However, adsorption of MB onto the LED emitting surface caused a linear decline in reactor performance over time. With regard to the effect of duty cycle, the observed rate constant of MB degradation, after being adjusted to account for the duty cycle, was greater for 5 and 10% duty cycles than higher duty cycles, providing a value approximately 160% higher at 5% duty cycle than continuous operation. This increase in adjusted rate constant at low duty cycles, as well as contaminant fouling of the LED surface, may impact design and operational considerations for pulsed UV-LED AOP systems. C1 [Duckworth, Kelsey; Spencer, Michael; Bates, Christopher; Miller, Michael E.; Grimaila, Michael; Racz, LeeAnn] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Almquist, Catherine] Miami Univ, Chem Paper & Biomed Engn Dept, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Magnuson, Matthew; Willison, Stuart] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Phillips, Rebecca] US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Miller, ME (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.miller@afit.edu FU US Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development [92370201]; appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the National Homeland Security Research Center, Water Infrastructure Protection Division, US Environmental Protection Agency FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under Interagency Agreement 92370201. It has been subjected to the Agency's review and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names, products, or services does not convey official EPA approval, endorsement, or recommendation. This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the National Homeland Security Research Center, Water Infrastructure Protection Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and EPA. The authors would like to acknowledge the support of Sarah Fyda, Nate Godby and Robert Scott for collecting a portion of the experimental data. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 21 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 EI 1996-9732 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1375 EP 1381 DI 10.2166/wst.2015.108 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CI4NF UT WOS:000354726000014 PM 25945855 ER PT J AU McAlary, T Groenevelt, H Disher, S Arnold, J Seethapathy, S Sacco, P Crump, D Schumacher, B Hayes, H Johnson, P Gorecki, T AF McAlary, Todd Groenevelt, Hester Disher, Stephen Arnold, Jason Seethapathy, Suresh Sacco, Paolo Crump, Derrick Schumacher, Brian Hayes, Heidi Johnson, Paul Gorecki, Tadeusz TI Passive sampling for volatile organic compounds in indoor air-controlled laboratory comparison of four sampler types SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSIVE SAMPLER; THERMAL-DESORPTION; VAPOR INTRUSION; ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYSIS; AMBIENT AIR; NEW-YORK; EXPOSURE; SOLVENT; DEVICE; VOCS AB This article describes laboratory testing of four passive diffusive samplers for assessing indoor air concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including SKC Ultra II, Radiello (R), Waterloo Membrane Sampler (WMS) and Automated Thermal Desorption (ATD) tubes with two different sorbents (Tenax TA and Carbopack B). The testing included 10 VOCs (including chlorinated ethenes, ethanes, and methanes, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons), spanning a range of properties and including some compounds expected to pose challenges (naphthalene, methyl ethyl ketone). Tests were conducted at different temperatures (17 to 30 degrees C), relative humidities (30 to 90% RH), face velocities (0.014 to 0.41 ms(-1)), concentrations (1 to 100 parts per billion by volume [ppb(v)]) and sampling durations (1 to 7 days). The results show that all of the passive samplers provided data that met the success criteria (relative percent difference [RPD] <= 45% of active sample concentrations and coefficient of variation [COV] <= 30%) in the majority of cases, but some compounds were problematic for some samplers. The passive sampler uptake rates depend to varying degrees on the sampler, sorbent, target compounds and environmental conditions, so field calibration is advantageous for the highest levels of data quality. C1 [McAlary, Todd; Groenevelt, Hester] Geosyntec Consultants Inc, Guelph, ON N1G 5G3, Canada. [Disher, Stephen; Arnold, Jason; Hayes, Heidi] Eurofins Air Tox Inc, Air Tox Ltd, Folsom, CA USA. [McAlary, Todd; Seethapathy, Suresh; Gorecki, Tadeusz] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Sacco, Paolo] Fdn Salvatore Maugeri, Padua, Italy. [Crump, Derrick] Cranfield Univ, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. [Schumacher, Brian] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Johnson, Paul] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP McAlary, T (reprint author), Geosyntec Consultants Inc, 130 Res Lane,2, Guelph, ON N1G 5G3, Canada. EM tmcalary@geosyntec.com OI Gorecki, Tadeusz/0000-0001-7727-7516 FU Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) FX Funding was provided by the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP). Dr Samuel Brock of the Air Force Civil Engineering Center (AFCEC) was the Department of Defense (DoD) Liaison and Andrea Leeson of ESTCP was the Contracting Officer's Representative. The experimental design was developed with the assistance of Brian Schumacher and John Nocerino of EPA Research Labs in Las Vegas. We also gratefully acknowledge Catarina Boaretto of the Fondazione Salitore Maugeri for GC/MS analysis of the Radiello samplers. The study team included individuals with interests in the various passive samplers (as described in the ESI dagger), but the study design, results and interpretation were reviewed by all coauthors and mutually considered to provide a fair and unbiased comparison. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2015 VL 17 IS 5 BP 896 EP 905 DI 10.1039/c4em00560k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI0FM UT WOS:000354412100001 PM 25861049 ER PT J AU Schenck, K Rosenblum, L Ramakrishnan, B Carson, J Macke, D Nietch, C AF Schenck, Kathleen Rosenblum, Laura Ramakrishnan, Balaji Carson, John, Jr. Macke, Dana Nietch, Christopher TI Correlation of trace contaminants to wastewater management practices in small watersheds SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE WATERS; ANTIBIOTIC SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; SWEETENER SUCRALOSE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; TREATMENT-PLANT; DRINKING-WATER; SEPTIC SYSTEM; PHARMACEUTICALS; FATE AB Ten low-order streams draining headwater catchments within the East Fork Little Miami Watershed were evaluated throughout one year for the presence of six steroidal hormones, the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole, the antimicrobials triclosan and triclocarban, and the artificial sweetener sucralose. The wastewater management practices in the catchments included septic systems, sanitary sewers, a combination of both, and a parkland with no treatment systems. The concentrations and detection frequencies of sucralose showed a significant positive correlation with the septic density in each catchment. A similar relationship was found for sulfamethoxazole. Both sucralose and sulfamethoxazole are hydrophilic and unlikely to be removed effectively by sorption during septic treatment. The concentrations and detection frequencies of the antimicrobials were also positively correlated with septic density. The presence of the antimicrobials in the streams indicates that although they are hydrophobic, removal during septic treatment was incomplete. The target analytes that correlated with septic density were also detected in stream samples collected below a wastewater treatment plant located within the same watershed. The steroidal hormone estrone was the most frequently detected analyte at all sites. However, the estrone concentrations and detection frequencies did not correlate with the septic density due to multiple non-point sources. C1 [Schenck, Kathleen; Macke, Dana; Nietch, Christopher] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Rosenblum, Laura; Ramakrishnan, Balaji] CB&I Fed Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Carson, John, Jr.] CB&I Fed Serv LLC, Findlay, OH 45840 USA. RP Schenck, K (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM schenck.kathleen@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank the Clermont County Office of Environmental Quality for access to geographic information system septic and sewer data. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official positions and policies of the U.S. EPA. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2015 VL 17 IS 5 BP 956 EP 964 DI 10.1039/c4em00583j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI0FM UT WOS:000354412100008 PM 25881834 ER PT J AU Martins, I Sanches, B Kaufmann, PR Hughes, RM Santos, GB Molozzi, J Callisto, M AF Martins, Isabela Sanches, Barbara Kaufmann, Philip Robert Hughes, Robert M. Santos, Gilmar Bastos Molozzi, Joseline Callisto, Marcos TI Ecological assessment of a southeastern Brazil reservoir SO BIOTA NEOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE reservoirs; water quality; bioindicators; physical habitat; environmental quality ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PHYSICAL HABITAT; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; MINAS-GERAIS; RIVER-BASIN; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; STREAM; LAKES AB Reservoirs are artificial ecosystems with multiple functions having direct and indirect benefits to humans; however, they also cause ecological changes and influence the composition and structure of aquatic biota. Our objectives were to: (1) assess the environmental condition of Nova Ponte Reservoir, Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil; and (2) determine how the aquatic biota respond to disturbances. A total of 40 sites in the littoral zone of the reservoir were sampled to characterize physical and chemical habitat, land use, and benthic macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages. The predominant type of land cover near the reservoir was natural vegetation. A total of 29 fish species and 39 macroinvertebrate taxa were collected, including eight alien species. Most sites had intermediate levels of human disturbance, however, high levels of degradation were associated with high proportions of alien species. Disturbances at multiple scales may alter natural patterns and processes, leading to environmental changes and damaging biological communities. Our results reinforce the importance of assessing reservoir ecological conditions at several scales. The study of land use, littoral zone physical habitat characteristics, water quality, and assemblage structure set the ground for proposing actions to rehabilitate and conserve aquatic ecosystems. C1 [Martins, Isabela; Callisto, Marcos] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Biol Geral, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Sanches, Barbara; Santos, Gilmar Bastos] Pontificia Univ Catolica Minas Gerais, Programa Posgrad Zool Vertebrados, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Kaufmann, Philip Robert] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Amnis Opes Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Molozzi, Joseline] Univ Estadual Paraiba, Dept Biol Geral, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. RP Callisto, M (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Biol Geral, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM mcallisto13@gmail.com RI Molozzi, Joseline/M-3951-2014; Callisto, Marcos/O-4930-2015 OI Callisto, Marcos/0000-0003-2341-4700 FU P&DANEEL (Projeto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da Agencia Nacional de Energia Eletrica) [GT-487]; CEMIG(Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais) - Programa Peixe Vivo; CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior); CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico); FAPEMIG (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais); PROGRAD/UFMG (Pro-Reitoria de Graduacao da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais); CNPq [302960/2011-2]; Minas Gerais researcher grant FAPEMIG [PPM-00077/13] FX The authors acknowledge P&DANEEL (GT-487) (Projeto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da Agencia Nacional de Energia Eletrica) and CEMIG(Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais) - Programa Peixe Vivo for funding the project, CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior), CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico), FAPEMIG (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais) and PROGRAD/UFMG (Pro-Reitoria de Graduacao da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) for financial support. Special thanks to colleagues from the Laboratorio de Ecologia de Bentos - UFMG. MC was awarded research productivity grant CNPq No. 302960/2011-2) and Minas Gerais researcher grant FAPEMIG PPM-00077/13. Reviews by Bianca Terra and 2 anonymous referees improved the manuscript. This manuscript was subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 36 PU REVISTA BIOTA NEOTROPICA PI CAMPINAS PA AV. DR. ROMEU TORTIMA, 388 - BARAO GERALDO, CEP 13084-520, CAMPINAS, SP, BRAZIL SN 1676-0603 J9 BIOTA NEOTROP JI Biota Neotrop. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 DI 10.1590/1676-06032015006114 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CH5EQ UT WOS:000354058300007 ER PT J AU Wong, DC Yang, CE Fu, JS Wong, K Gao, Y AF Wong, D. C. Yang, C. E. Fu, J. S. Wong, K. Gao, Y. TI An approach to enhance pnetCDF performance in environmental modeling applications SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; EMISSION; OZONE AB Data intensive simulations are often limited by their I/O (input/output) performance, and "novel" techniques need to be developed in order to overcome this limitation. The software package pnetCDF (parallel network Common Data Form), which works with parallel file systems, was developed to address this issue by providing parallel I/O capability. This study examines the performance of an application-level data aggregation approach which performs data aggregation along either row or column dimension of MPI (Message Passing Interface) processes on a spatially decomposed domain, and then applies the pnetCDF parallel I/O paradigm. The test was done with three different domain sizes which represent small, moderately large, and large data domains, using a small-scale Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ) mock-up code. The examination includes comparing I/O performance with traditional serial I/O technique, straight application of pnetCDF, and the data aggregation along row and column dimension before applying pnetCDF. After the comparison, "optimal" I/O configurations of this application-level data aggregation approach were quantified. Data aggregation along the row dimension (pnetCDFcr) works better than along the column dimension (pnetCDFcc) although it may perform slightly worse than the straight pnetCDF method with a small number of processors. When the number of processors becomes larger, pnetCDFcr outperforms pnetCDF significantly. If the number of processors keeps increasing, pnetCDF reaches a point where the performance is even worse than the serial I/O technique. This new technique has also been tested for a real application where it performs two times better than the straight pnetCDF paradigm. C1 [Wong, D. C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yang, C. E.; Fu, J. S.; Wong, K.; Gao, Y.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Wong, DC (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wong.david-c@epa.gov OI Yang, Cheng-En/0000-0002-4069-4997 FU Office of Science of the US Department of Energy as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; National Institute for Computational Sciences (NICS) [TG-ATM110009, UT-TENN0006] FX Yang Gao was partly supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by the Battelle Memorial Institute (DE-AC05-76RL01830). The Kraken is a supercomputing facility through National Science Foundation TeraGrid resources provided by the National Institute for Computational Sciences (NICS) under grant numbers TG-ATM110009 and UT-TENN0006. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1046 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-1033-2015 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CH2FT UT WOS:000353841800005 ER PT J AU Mallard, MS Nolte, CG Spero, TL Bullock, OR Alapaty, K Herwehe, JA Gula, J Bowden, JH AF Mallard, M. S. Nolte, C. G. Spero, T. L. Bullock, O. R. Alapaty, K. Herwehe, J. A. Gula, J. Bowden, J. H. TI Technical challenges and solutions in representing lakes when using WRF in downscaling applications SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; EFFECT SNOWFALL; ICE COVER; SALT-LAKE; SIMULATION; SENSITIVITY; SYSTEM; IMPLEMENTATION; PRECIPITATION AB The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is commonly used to make high-resolution future projections of regional climate by downscaling global climate model (GCM) outputs. Because the GCM fields are typically at a much coarser spatial resolution than the target regional downscaled fields, lakes are often poorly resolved in the driving global fields, if they are resolved at all. In such an application, using WRF's default interpolation methods can result in unrealistic lake temperatures and ice cover at inland water points. Prior studies have shown that lake temperatures and ice cover impact the simulation of other surface variables, such as air temperatures and precipitation, two fields that are often used in regional climate applications to understand the impacts of climate change on human health and the environment. Here, alternative methods for setting lake surface variables in WRF for downscaling simulations are presented and contrasted. C1 [Mallard, M. S.; Nolte, C. G.; Spero, T. L.; Bullock, O. R.; Alapaty, K.; Herwehe, J. A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gula, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Mallard, M. S.; Bowden, J. H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. RP Mallard, MS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. EM mmallard@email.unc.edu RI Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012; Gula, Jonathan/J-9925-2012; OI Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965; Gula, Jonathan/0000-0002-0876-9557; Spero, Tanya/0000-0002-1600-0422 FU National Science Foundation FX The lead author was supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and Development, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). The WRF model is made available by NCAR, funded by the National Science Foundation. Great Lakes ice cover data were obtained from GLERL (http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/data/pgs/glice/glice.html). This research has been subjected to the US EPA's administrative review and approved for publication. The views expressed and the contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US EPA. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1085 EP 1096 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-1085-2015 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CH2FT UT WOS:000353841800008 ER PT J AU Mage, DT AF Mage, David T. TI Comment on Schwartz, J.; Dockery, DW; Neas, ML 1996. Is daily mortality associated specifically with fine particles?; J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 46: 927-939 SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID PARTICULATE MATTER; HUMAN EXPOSURE; POLLUTION C1 [Mage, David T.] World Hlth Org, San Francisco, CA USA. [Mage, David T.] US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2015 VL 65 IS 5 BP 511 EP 513 DI 10.1080/10962247.2015.1029812 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH5AU UT WOS:000354047100001 PM 25947308 ER PT J AU Jones, RR Hogrefe, C Fitzgerald, EF Hwang, SA Ozkaynak, H Garcia, VC Lin, S AF Jones, Rena R. Hogrefe, Christian Fitzgerald, Edward F. Hwang, Syni-An Oezkaynak, Haluk Garcia, Valerie C. Lin, Shao TI Respiratory hospitalizations in association with fine PM and its components in New York State SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; SHORT-TERM ASSOCIATIONS; CASE-CROSSOVER; CARDIORESPIRATORY DISEASES; ADMISSIONS; PM2.5; PARTICLES; ASTHMA; MODEL AB Despite observed geographic and temporal variation in particulate matter (PM)-related health morbidities, only a small number of epidemiologic studies have evaluated the relation between PM2.5 chemical constituents and respiratory disease. Most assessments are limited by inadequate spatial and temporal resolution of ambient PM measurements and/or by their approaches to examine the role of specific PM components on health outcomes. In a case-crossover analysis using daily average ambient PM2.5 total mass and species estimates derived from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and available observations, we examined the association between the chemical components of PM (including elemental and organic carbon, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and other remaining) and respiratory hospitalizations in New York State. We evaluated relationships between levels (low, medium, high) of PM constituent mass fractions, and assessed modification of the PM2.5-hospitalization association via models stratified by mass fractions of both primary and secondary PM components. In our results, average daily PM2.5 concentrations in New York State were generally lower than the 24-hr average National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). Year-round analyses showed statistically significant positive associations between respiratory hospitalizations and PM2.5 total mass, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium concentrations at multiple exposure lags (0.5-2.0% per interquartile range [IQR] increase). Primarily in the summer months, the greatest associations with respiratory hospitalizations were observed per IQR increase in the secondary species sulfate and ammonium concentrations at lags of 1-4 days (1.0-2.0%). Although there were subtle differences in associations observed between mass fraction tertiles, there was no strong evidence to support modification of the PM2.5-respiratory disease association by a particular constituent. We conclude that ambient concentrations of PM2.5 and secondary aerosols including sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate were positively associated with respiratory hospitalizations, although patterns varied by season. Exposure to specific fine PM constituents is a plausible risk factor for respiratory hospitalization in New York State.Implications: The association between ambient concentrations of PM2.5 components has been evaluated in only a small number of epidemiologic studies with refined spatial and temporal scale data. In New York State, fine PM and several of its constituents, including sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate, were positively associated with respiratory hospitalizations. Results suggest that PM species relationships and their influence on respiratory endpoints are complex and season dependent. Additional work is needed to better understand the relative toxicity of PM species, and to further explore the role of co-pollutant relationships and exposure prediction error on observed PM-respiratory disease associations. C1 [Jones, Rena R.; Hwang, Syni-An; Lin, Shao] New York State Dept Hlth, Ctr Environm Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Jones, Rena R.; Fitzgerald, Edward F.; Hwang, Syni-An; Lin, Shao] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Rensselaer, NY USA. [Hogrefe, Christian; Oezkaynak, Haluk; Garcia, Valerie C.] US EPA, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Jones, RR (reprint author), NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, 6906 Med Ctr Dr Room 6E124, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM rena.jones@nih.gov OI Lin, Shao/0000-0002-5535-7504 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2015 VL 65 IS 5 BP 559 EP 569 DI 10.1080/10962247.2014.1001500 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH5AU UT WOS:000354047100007 PM 25947314 ER PT J AU Fann, N Nolte, CG Dolwick, P Spero, TL Brown, AC Phillips, S Anenberg, S AF Fann, Neal Nolte, Christopher G. Dolwick, Patrick Spero, Tanya L. Brown, Amanda Curry Phillips, Sharon Anenberg, Susan TI The geographic distribution and economic value of climate change-related ozone health impacts in the United States in 2030 SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; AIR-POLLUTION; AMBIENT OZONE; MORTALITY RISKS; US CITIES; TEMPERATURE; METAANALYSIS; ASSOCIATION; COMMUNITIES; METEOROLOGY AB In this United States-focused analysis we use outputs from two general circulation models (GCMs) driven by different greenhouse gas forcing scenarios as inputs to regional climate and chemical transport models to investigate potential changes in near-term U.S. air quality due to climate change. We conduct multiyear simulations to account for interannual variability and characterize the near-term influence of a changing climate on tropospheric ozone-related health impacts near the year 2030, which is a policy-relevant time frame that is subject to fewer uncertainties than other approaches employed in the literature. We adopt a 2030 emissions inventory that accounts for fully implementing anthropogenic emissions controls required by federal, state, and/or local policies, which is projected to strongly influence future ozone levels. We quantify a comprehensive suite of ozone-related mortality and morbidity impacts including emergency department visits, hospital admissions, acute respiratory symptoms, and lost school days, and estimate the economic value of these impacts. Both GCMs project average daily maximum temperature to increase by 1-4 degrees C and 1-5 ppb increases in daily 8-hr maximum ozone at 2030, though each climate scenario produces ozone levels that vary greatly over space and time. We estimate tens to thousands of additional ozone-related premature deaths and illnesses per year for these two scenarios and calculate an economic burden of these health outcomes of hundreds of millions to tens of billions of U.S. dollars (2010$).Implications:Near-term changes to the climate have the potential to greatly affect ground-level ozone. Using a 2030 emission inventory with regional climate fields downscaled from two general circulation models, we project mean temperature increases of 1 to 4 degrees C and climate-driven mean daily 8-hr maximum ozone increases of 1-5 ppb, though each climate scenario produces ozone levels that vary significantly over space and time. These increased ozone levels are estimated to result in tens to thousands of ozone-related premature deaths and illnesses per year and an economic burden of hundreds of millions to tens of billions of U.S. dollars (2010$). C1 [Fann, Neal; Dolwick, Patrick; Brown, Amanda Curry; Phillips, Sharon] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nolte, Christopher G.; Spero, Tanya L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Anenberg, Susan] US Chem Safety & Hazard Invest Board, Washington, DC USA. RP Fann, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM fann.neal@epa.gov RI Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012 OI Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965 NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2015 VL 65 IS 5 BP 570 EP 580 DI 10.1080/10962247.2014.996270 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH5AU UT WOS:000354047100008 PM 25947315 ER PT J AU Sorg, TJ Wang, LL Chen, ASC AF Sorg, Thomas J. Wang, Lili Chen, Abraham S. C. TI The costs of small drinking water systems removing arsenic from groundwater SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Article DE arsenic; drinking water; technology demonstration; treatment cost AB The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted an Arsenic Demonstration Program whereby the Agency purchased, installed, and evaluated the performance and cost of 50 small water arsenic removal treatment systems in the USA. A major goal of the program was to collect high-quality cost data (capital and operational and maintenance (O&M)) from the long-term operation (1-4 years) of these systems. The technologies consisted of adsorptive media (AM), iron removal (IR), coagulation/filtration (C/F), ion exchange (IX), reverse osmosis, and point-of-use devices, which reduced the arsenic to less than the EPA maximum contaminant level of 10 mu g/L. This paper presents the capital and O&M cost of 48 treatment systems ranging in size from 10 to 770 gal/min (gpm) (382,915 L/min). The capital cost of the systems ranged from $477 to $6,171 per gpm ($126-$1,632 per L/min) of design flow and the O&M cost from $0.07 to $22.88 per 1,000 gal ($0.02-$6.05 per 1,000 L) of treated water. AM had a lower capital, but a higher O&M cost than IR, C/F, and IX. The media replacement cost for the AM systems averaged 80% of the O&M cost and was the main cause of the higher O&M cost of the AM systems. C1 [Sorg, Thomas J.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Wang, Lili] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Chen, Abraham S. C.] ALSA Tech LLC, Powell, OH 43065 USA. RP Sorg, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sorg.thomas@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The authors wish to thank the Battelle project team for coordinating the performance evaluation studies, data handling, and analyses efforts. The authors also acknowledge the system operators for their data collection efforts. The US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded, managed, and collaborated in the research described herein. This paper has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 EI 1365-2087 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES T JI J. Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PY 2015 VL 64 IS 3 BP 219 EP 234 DI 10.2166/aqua.2014.044 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA CH8JD UT WOS:000354281700001 ER PT J AU Das, KP Grey, BE Rosen, MB Wood, CR Tatum-Gibbs, KR Zehr, RD Strynar, MJ Lindstrom, AB Lau, C AF Das, Kaberi P. Grey, Brian E. Rosen, Mitchell B. Wood, Carmen R. Tatum-Gibbs, Katoria R. Zehr, R. Daniel Strynar, Mark J. Lindstrom, Andrew B. Lau, Christopher TI Developmental toxicity of perfluorononanoic acid in mice SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Perfluorononanoic acid; CD-1 mice; Developmental toxicity; Gene expression ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; EXPOSED MOUSE FETUSES; HUMAN SEMEN QUALITY; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; PERFLUORINATED CHEMICALS; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; PPAR-ALPHA; POLYFLUOROALKYL CHEMICALS AB Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is a ubiquitous and persistent environmental contaminant. Although its levels in the environment and in humans are lower than those of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) or perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a steady trend of increases in the general population in recent years has drawn considerable interest and concern. Previous studies with PFOS and PFOA have indicated developmental toxicity in laboratory rodent models. The current study extends the evaluation of these adverse outcomes to PFNA in mice. PFNA was given to timed-pregnant CD-I mice by oral gavage daily on gestational day 1-17 at 1, 3, 5 or 10 mg/kg; controls received water vehicle. Dams given 10 mg/kg PFNA could not carry their pregnancy successfully and effects of this dose group were not followed. Similar to PFOS and PFOA, PFNA at 5 mg/kg or lower doses produced hepatomegaly in the pregnant dams, but did not affect the number of implantations, fetal viability, or fetal weight. Mouse pups were born alive and postnatal survival in the I and 3 mg/kg PFNA groups was not different from that in controls. In contrast, although most of the pups were also born alive in the 5 mg/kg PFNA group, 80% of these neonates died in the first 10 days of life. The pattern of PFNA-induced neonatal death differed somewhat from those elicited by PFOS or PFOA. A majority of the PFNA-exposed pups survived a few days longer after birth than those exposed to PFOS or PFOA, which typically died within the first 2 days of postnatal life. Surviving neonates exposed to PFNA exhibited dose-dependent delays in eye opening and onset of puberty. In addition, increased liver weight seen in PFNA-exposed offspring persisted into adulthood and was likely related to the persistence of the chemical in the tissue. Evaluation of gene expression in fetal and neonatal livers revealed robust activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha) target genes by PFNA that resembled the responses of PFOA. Our results indicate that developmental toxicity of PFNA in mice is comparable to that of PFOS and PFOA, and that these adverse effects are likely common to perfluoroalkyl acids that persist in the body. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Das, Kaberi P.; Grey, Brian E.; Wood, Carmen R.; Tatum-Gibbs, Katoria R.; Lau, Christopher] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rosen, Mitchell B.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zehr, R. Daniel] US EPA, Res Core Unit, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Strynar, Mark J.; Lindstrom, Andrew B.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lau, C (reprint author), US EPA, Mail Drop 8105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lau.christopher@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 85 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.12.012 PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA CH6NH UT WOS:000354152800016 PM 25543169 ER PT J AU Bouhifd, M Andersen, ME Baghdikian, C Boekelheide, K Crofton, KM Fornace, AJ Kleensang, A Li, HH Livi, C Maertens, A McMullen, PD Rosenberg, M Thomas, R Vantangoli, M Yager, JD Zhao, L Hartung, T AF Bouhifd, Mounir Andersen, Melvin E. Baghdikian, Christina Boekelheide, Kim Crofton, Kevin M. Fornace, Albert J., Jr. Kleensang, Andre Li, Henghong Livi, Carolina Maertens, Alexandra McMullen, Patrick D. Rosenberg, Michael Thomas, Russell Vantangoli, Marguerite Yager, James D. Zhao, Liang Hartung, Thomas TI The Human Toxome Project SO ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Article DE regulatory toxicology; safety sciences; transcriptomics; metabolomics; alternative methods ID EVIDENCE-BASED TOXICOLOGY; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; CELL-CULTURE PRACTICE; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; BISPHENOL-A; 21(ST) CENTURY; REGULATORY USE; DNA-DAMAGE AB The Human Toxome Project, funded as an NIH Transformative Research grant 2011-2016, is focused on developing the concepts and the means for deducing, validating and sharing molecular pathways of toxicity (PoT). Using the test case of estrogenic endocrine disruption, the responses of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells are being phenotyped by transcriptomics and mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics. The bioinformatics tools for PoT deduction represent a core deliverable. A number of challenges for quality and standardization of cell systems, omics technologies and bioinformatics are being addressed. In parallel, concepts for annotation, validation and sharing of PoT information, as well as their link to adverse outcomes, are being developed. A reasonably comprehensive public database of PoT, the Human Toxome Knowledge-base, could become a point of reference for toxicological research and regulatory test strategies. C1 [Bouhifd, Mounir; Kleensang, Andre; Maertens, Alexandra; Zhao, Liang; Hartung, Thomas] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Alternat Anim Testing, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Andersen, Melvin E.; McMullen, Patrick D.] Hamner Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Baghdikian, Christina; Crofton, Kevin M.; Thomas, Russell] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Boekelheide, Kim; Vantangoli, Marguerite] Brown Univ, Pathol & Lab Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Fornace, Albert J., Jr.; Li, Henghong] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Livi, Carolina; Rosenberg, Michael] Agilent Inc, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Yager, James D.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Hartung, Thomas] Univ Konstanz, Ctr Alternat Anim Testing Europe, Constance, Germany. RP Hartung, T (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolfe St,W7032, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM thartung@jhsph.edu RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; Zhao, Liang/I-4777-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Zhao, Liang/0000-0002-2126-6778; Fornace, Albert/0000-0001-9695-085X; Thomas, Russell/0000-0002-2340-0301; Kleensang, Andre/0000-0002-4564-7399 FU NIH Transformation Research Grant, "Mapping the Human Toxome by Systems Toxicsology" [RO1 ES 020750]; Food and Drug Administration Grant "DNTox-21c Identification of Pathways of Developmental Neurotoxicity for High Throughput Testing by Metabolomies" [U01 FD 004230] FX The employment affiliations of the authors of this paper are as shown on the cover page. Ten of the authors are affiliated with universities that have traditional roles of teaching, research and service. Two of the authors are associated with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Two of the authors are associated with a non-profit institution, The Hamner Institute, which has an interest in advancing the science of toxicology and risk assessment. And two of the authors are employees of Agilent Technologies, Inc., a for-profit company that provides advanced bio-analytical equipment and measurement services to a wide range of clients. The individual authors were compensated by their respective employers. In some cases, funding was provided by an NIH Transformation Research Grant, "Mapping the Human Toxome by Systems Toxicsology" (RO1 ES 020750) to Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (PI Thomas Hartung) and Food and Drug Administration Grant "DNTox-21c Identification of Pathways of Developmental Neurotoxicity for High Throughput Testing by Metabolomies" (U01 FD 004230) to Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (PI Thomas Hartung). The analyses, interpretations and conclusions presented in this paper are the professional work product of the authors and may not necessarily represent the views of their employers. NR 102 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPEKTRUM AKADEMISCHER VERLAG-SPRINGER-VERLAG GMBH PI HEILDEBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, HEILDEBERG, 69121, GERMANY SN 1868-596X EI 1868-8551 J9 ALTEX-ALTERN ANIM EX JI ALTEX-Altern. Anim. Exp. PY 2015 VL 32 IS 2 BP 112 EP 124 DI 10.14573/altex.1502091 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA CG9UZ UT WOS:000353666900004 PM 25742299 ER PT J AU Sangani, RG Ghio, AJ Parker, JE AF Sangani, Rahul G. Ghio, Andrew J. Parker, John E. TI Pleural plaques in smoking-associated fibrosis and pulmonary asbestosis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE LA English DT Letter C1 [Sangani, Rahul G.; Parker, John E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Sangani, RG (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Robert C Byrd Hlth Sci Ctr, 1 Med Ctr Dr, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM rgsangani@hsc.wvu.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI ALBANY PA PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND SN 1178-2005 J9 INT J CHRONIC OBSTR JI Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis. PY 2015 VL 10 BP 869 EP 870 DI 10.2147/COPD.S83564 PG 2 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA CH2XD UT WOS:000353887500001 PM 25999705 ER PT J AU Harper, M Butler, C Berry, D Wroble, J AF Harper, Martin Butler, Corey Berry, David Wroble, Julie TI Where Occupation and Environment Overlap: US Forest Service Worker Exposure to Libby Amphibole Fibers SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MONTANA AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted an evaluation of exposures to asbestiform amphibole, known as Libby Amphibole (LA), to personnel from the US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service (USFS) working in the Kootenai National Forest near a former vermiculite mine close to Libby, Montana. LA is associated with vermiculite that was obtained from this mine; mining and processing over many years have resulted in the spread of LA into the surrounding Kootenai Forest where it has been found in tree bark, soil, and forest floor litter. As a result of this and other contamination, Libby and surrounding areas have been designated a "Superfund" site by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This article describes the application of EPA methods for assessing cancer risks to NIOSH sampling results. Phase-contrast microscopy for airborne asbestos fiber evaluation was found to be less useful than transmission electron microscopy in the presence of interfering organic (plant) fibers. NIOSH Method 7402 was extended by examination of larger areas of the filter, but fiber counts remained low. There are differences between counting rules in NIOSH 7402 and the ISO method used by EPA but these are minor in the context of the uncertainty in concentration estimates from the low counts. Estimates for cancer risk are generally compatible with those previously estimated by the EPA. However, there are limitations to extrapolating these findings of low risk throughout the entire area and to tasks that were not evaluated. C1 [Harper, Martin] NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Exposure Assessment Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Butler, Corey] NIOSH, Western States Off, Denver, CO USA. [Berry, David] US EPA, Denver, CO USA. [Wroble, Julie] US EPA, Seattle, WA USA. RP Harper, M (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Exposure Assessment Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM zzg7@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 EI 1545-9632 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2015 VL 12 IS 5 BP D47 EP D53 DI 10.1080/15459624.2014.989362 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CG8UP UT WOS:000353590000001 PM 25715191 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, M Jaoui, M Offenberg, JH Krug, JD Kleindienst, TE AF Lewandowski, M. Jaoui, M. Offenberg, J. H. Krug, J. D. Kleindienst, T. E. TI Atmospheric oxidation of isoprene and 1,3-butadiene: influence of aerosol acidity and relative humidity on secondary organic aerosol SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; HIGH-NOX CONDITIONS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; BUTADIENE; PHOTOOXIDATION; MODEL; EMISSIONS; EPOXIDE; CARBON; ORGANOSULFATES AB The effects of acidic seed aerosols on the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) have been examined in a number of previous studies, several of which have observed strong linear correlations between the aerosol acidity (measured as nmol H+ m(-3) air sample volume) and the percent change in secondary organic carbon (SOC). The measurements have used several precursor compounds representative of different classes of biogenic hydrocarbons including isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. To date, isoprene has displayed the most pronounced increase in SOC, although few measurements have been conducted with anthropogenic hydrocarbons. In the present study, we examine several aspects of the effect of aerosol acidity on the secondary organic carbon formation from the photooxidation of 1,3-butadiene, and extend the previous analysis of isoprene. The photooxidation products measured in the absence and presence of acidic sulfate aerosols were generated either through photochemical oxidation of SO2 or by nebulizing mixtures of ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid into a 14.5 m(3) smog chamber system. The results showed that, like isoprene and beta-caryophyllene, 1,3-butadiene SOC yields linearly correlate with increasing acidic sulfate aerosol. The observed acid sensitivity of 0.11% SOC increase per nmol m(-3) increase in H+ was approximately a factor of 3 less than that measured for isoprene. The results also showed that the aerosol yield decreased with increasing humidity for both isoprene and 1,3-butadiene, although to different degrees. Increasing the absolute humidity from 2 to 12 gm(-3) reduced the 1,3-butadiene yield by 45% and the isoprene yield by 85 %. C1 [Lewandowski, M.; Offenberg, J. H.; Krug, J. D.; Kleindienst, T. E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jaoui, M.] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lewandowski, M (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lewandowski.michael@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 FU US Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development [EP-D-10-070] FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract EP-D-10-070 to Alion Science and Technology. It has been subject to agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 51 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 7 BP 3773 EP 3783 DI 10.5194/acp-15-3773-2015 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG0LF UT WOS:000352957400009 ER PT J AU Yu, L Fennel, K Laurent, A Murrell, MC Lehrter, JC AF Yu, L. Fennel, K. Laurent, A. Murrell, M. C. Lehrter, J. C. TI Numerical analysis of the primary processes controlling oxygen dynamics on the Louisiana shelf SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; EUTROPHIC COASTAL ECOSYSTEM; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SKILL ASSESSMENT; SUMMER HYPOXIA; WATER COLUMN; MODEL; VARIABILITY AB The Louisiana shelf, in the northern Gulf of Mexico, receives large amounts of freshwater and nutrients from the Mississippi-Atchafalaya river system. These river inputs contribute to widespread bottom-water hypoxia every summer. In this study, we use a physical-biogeochemical model that explicitly simulates oxygen sources and sinks on the Louisiana shelf to identify the key mechanisms controlling hypoxia development. First, we validate the model simulation against observed dissolved oxygen concentrations, primary production, water column respiration, and sediment oxygen consumption. In the model simulation, heterotrophy is prevalent in shelf waters throughout the year, except near the mouths of the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers, where primary production exceeds respiratory oxygen consumption during June and July. During this time, efflux of oxygen to the atmosphere, driven by photosynthesis and surface warming, becomes a significant oxygen sink. A substantial fraction of primary production occurs below the pycnocline in summer. We investigate whether this primary production below the pycnocline is mitigating the development of hypoxic conditions with the help of a sensitivity experiment where we disable biological processes in the water column (i.e., primary production and water column respiration). With this experiment we show that below-pycnocline primary production reduces the spatial extent of hypoxic bottom waters only slightly. Our results suggest that the combination of physical processes (advection and vertical diffusion) and sediment oxygen consumption largely determine the spatial extent and dynamics of hypoxia on the Louisiana shelf. C1 [Yu, L.; Fennel, K.; Laurent, A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Murrell, M. C.; Lehrter, J. C.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Yu, L (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. EM liuqian.yu@dal.ca RI Fennel, Katja/A-7470-2009; OI Fennel, Katja/0000-0003-3170-2331; Laurent, Arnaud/0000-0002-8545-9309 FU NOAA CSCOR grants [NA06N0S4780198]; US IOOS Coastal Ocean Modeling Testbed FX This work was supported through NOAA CSCOR grants NA06N0S4780198 and the US IOOS Coastal Ocean Modeling Testbed. NOAA NGOMEX publication no. 202. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 7 BP 2063 EP 2076 DI 10.5194/bg-12-2063-2015 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CG0LP UT WOS:000352958400001 ER PT J AU Druschke, CG Hychka, KC AF Druschke, Caroline Gottschalk Hychka, Kristen C. TI Manager perspectives on communication and public engagement in ecological restoration project success SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adaptive comanagement; adaptive management; communication; discourse analysis; natural resource management; public engagement; public participation; restoration; river; stakeholder engagement; water ID RIVER RESTORATION; PARTICIPATION; SCIENTISTS; SYSTEMS; TIME AB We look to a particular social-ecological system, the restoration community in Rhode Island, USA and the rivers, wetlands, marshes, and estuaries they work to protect, to draw connections between communication, community involvement, and ecological restoration project success. Offering real-world examples drawn from interviews with 27 local, state, federal, and nonprofit restoration managers, we synthesize the mechanisms that managers found effective to argue that the communication employed by resource managers in each phase of the restoration process, in prioritization, implementation, and monitoring, and for garnering broad-based support, shapes the quality of public engagement in natural resources management, which, in turn, can impact the stakeholder, learning, and ecological success of restoration projects. Despite the possible trade-offs and conflicts between social and ecological outcomes, we suggest that managers need to consider their desired social-ecological outcomes and work from the outset to deliberately design mechanisms for communication and public engagement that weave community stakeholders into all phases of restoration projects in sustained and consequential ways. C1 [Druschke, Caroline Gottschalk] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Hychka, Kristen C.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Druschke, CG (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 36 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2015 VL 20 IS 1 AR 58 DI 10.5751/ES-07451-200158 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG4XW UT WOS:000353293900067 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, BA Conmy, RN Duffy, AE Aukamp, J Yates, DF Craven, G AF Schaeffer, Blake A. Conmy, Robyn N. Duffy, Allyn E. Aukamp, Jessica Yates, Diane F. Craven, George TI Northern Gulf of Mexico estuarine coloured dissolved organic matter derived from MODIS data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY INDICATORS; OCEAN COLOR; COASTAL WATERS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CLYDE SEA; TAMPA-BAY; VARIABILITY; SEAWIFS; FLORIDA; CARBON AB Coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is relevant for water quality management and may become an important measure to complement future water quality assessment programmes. An approach to derive CDOM using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was developed that may be more accessible to water quality managers by selecting an off-the-shelf software and algorithm with standard atmospheric correction. This study focused on demonstrating the transferability of a remote-sensing reflectance (R-rs) band ratio algorithm, R-rs(667)/R-rs(488), previously developed to derive CDOM absorption (a(g(lambda))) at multiple MODIS wavebands in open ocean and coastal waters to the United States northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries. In situ calibration regressions at 412, 443, 469, and 488 nm had coefficients of determination (R-2) of 0.76, 0.71, 0.69, and 0.57, respectively. Waveband calibrations at 531, 547, and 555 nm were below R-2 = 0.50, and therefore were not considered further. MODIS R-rs, from the standard atmospheric correction, followed nearly identical spectral shapes to the in situ HyperSAS R-rs, but were on average 0.002 + 0.0004 sr(-1) less. A satellite to in situ validation match-up window of <= 1 hour was selected with an R-2 = 0.82 and root mean square error (RMSE = 1.79) at 412 nm. An in situ water quality mooring demonstrated that the overall response and range of MODIS a(g(412)) were similar, with relative mean error from -32% to 42%. The advantage to managers was synoptic coverage across multiple estuaries and the ability to provide estimates of derived water quality parameters between the water quality assessment programme sample collection periods, which could offer more holistic assessment. C1 [Schaeffer, Blake A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Conmy, Robyn N.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Duffy, Allyn E.; Aukamp, Jessica; Yates, Diane F.; Craven, George] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. RP Schaeffer, BA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM schaeffer.blake@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency; NASA [NNH08ZDA001N-DECISIONS] FX The information in this document has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency and NASA Grant # NNH08ZDA001N-DECISIONS. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2015 VL 36 IS 8 BP 2219 EP 2237 DI 10.1080/01431161.2015.1035408 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CG8RG UT WOS:000353577600013 ER PT J AU Oczkowski, A Thornber, CS Markham, EE Rossi, R Ziegler, A Rinehart, S AF Oczkowski, Autumn Thornber, Carol S. Markham, Erin E. Rossi, Ryann Ziegler, Amanda Rinehart, Shelby TI Testing sample stability using four storage methods and the macroalgae Ulva and Gracilaria SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC NITROGEN AB Concern over the relative importance of different sample preparation and storage techniques frequently used in stable isotope analysis of particulate nitrogen (delta N-15) and carbon (delta C-13) prompted an experiment to determine how important such factors were to measured values in marine organisms. We stored the marine macroalgae Ulva and Gracilaria in four different ways and analyzed replicates every three months over the course of a year to assess treatment effects on stability. Treatments consisted of algae dried at 65 degrees C, ground to a powder, and stored in a desiccator until analysis; algae left in a drying oven or in a freezer and processed (dried and ground) just prior to analysis, as well as some dried, ground samples kept out in the lab and reanalyzed quarterly for 12 months. Concurrently, to assess the ecological range in isotope values over the course of a year, samples were freshly collected from the same location and analyzed along with the other treatments at each time step. Neither storage technique nor time had an impact on either delta N-15 or delta C-13 values or the %N and %C of the algae tissues. There were clear and consistent differences between species and some large seasonal differences in the freshly collected samples. The interspecies differences and seasonal ranges of values underscore the stability associated with method and duration of sample storage. C1 [Oczkowski, Autumn; Markham, Erin E.; Rossi, Ryann] US EPA, Grad Sch Oceanog, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Thornber, Carol S.; Ziegler, Amanda; Rinehart, Shelby] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Oczkowski, A (reprint author), US EPA, Grad Sch Oceanog, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM Oczkowski.Autumn@epa.gov FU University of Rhode Island; National Science Foundation EPSCoR Cooperative Agreement [EPS-1004057]; State of Rhode Island; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX Thank you to R. McKinney for assistance with sample analysis, and to J. Carey, R. Johnson, and M. Pelletier for providing useful edits of this manuscript. Partial funding was provided by the University of Rhode Island through an undergraduate research grant to A. Ziegler. This material is based, in part, upon work supported in part by the National Science Foundation EPSCoR Cooperative Agreement #EPS-1004057 and the State of Rhode Island. This is ORD Tracking Number ORD-008193 of the Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to Agency review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 13 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1002/lom3.10002 PG 6 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CG8KH UT WOS:000353555800002 ER PT J AU Trebitz, AS Hoffman, JC AF Trebitz, Anett S. Hoffman, Joel C. TI Coastal Wetland Support of Great Lakes Fisheries: Progress from Concept to Quantification SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT; YELLOW PERCH; LARVAL FISHES; ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS; SAMPLING DESIGN; LARGEMOUTH BASS; FORAGE FISH; LAND-USE; MICHIGAN AB Fishery support is recognized as a valuable ecosystem service provided by aquatic systems, but it is harder to quantify than to describe conceptually. In this paper, we combine data on fish inhabiting Great Lakes coastal wetlands (GLCWs) with information on commercial and recreational harvest and the piscivore forage base to develop quantitative understanding of the multiple species involved in direct and indirect fishery support of this complex fishery. We then examine patterns of species co-occurrence and life history and relationships to GLCW conditions in order to identify fishery support metrics useful in aggregating species patterns and evaluating management outcomes. Our criteria for wetland prevalence (>= 10% occurrence) and fishery importance (>= 1% of recreational or commercial harvest in one or more of the Great Lakes or having a major forage fish role) yielded 21 wetland-using, fishery-relevant species representing multiple taxonomic groups and life history attributes. Wetland-using species are estimated to make up half the biomass and 60% of the dollar value of the fish landed commercially and similar to 80% of the fish numbers harvested recreationally. All of the GLCWs studied supported species of interest to recreational and commercial fishers but with widely varying composition. A few key habitat characteristics (e.g., vegetation structure) are broadly predictive of the types of sport and panfish present, with more degraded GLCWs generally supporting abundant but lower-value taxa (rough-fish species) and less degraded GLCWs supporting fewer but higher-value taxa (sport and panfish species). No single taxonomic or functional metric seems adequate to capture the diversity of fishery-relevant species supported by GLCWs; fishery support needs to be understood and managed in a multimetric context. C1 [Trebitz, Anett S.; Hoffman, Joel C.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Trebitz, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM trebitz.anett@epa.gov NR 123 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 2 BP 352 EP 372 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.982257 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CF7HE UT WOS:000352726200013 ER PT J AU Heenan, J Slater, LD Ntarlagiannis, D Atekwana, EA Fathepure, BZ Dalvi, S Ross, C Werkema, DD Atekwana, EA AF Heenan, Jeffrey Slater, Lee D. Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios Atekwana, Estella A. Fathepure, Babu Z. Dalvi, Sonal Ross, Cameron Werkema, Dale D. Atekwana, Eliot A. TI Electrical resistivity imaging for long-term autonomous monitoring of hydrocarbon degradation: Lessons from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATTENUATION ANALYSIS; PHENOL HYDROXYLASE; DC RESISTIVITY; TOMOGRAPHY; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA; BIODEGRADATION; SIGNATURES; INVERSION; TRANSPORT AB Conceptual models for the geophysical responses associated with hydrocarbon degradation suggest that the long-term evolution of an oil plume will result in a more conductive anomaly than the initial contamination. In response to the Deepwater Horizon (DH) oil spill into the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, an autonomous resistivity monitoring system was deployed on Grand Terre, Louisiana, in an attempt to monitor natural degradation processes in hydrocarbon-impacted beach sediments of this island. A 48-electrode surface array with a 0.5-m spacing was installed to obtain twice-daily images of the resistivity structure of the shallow subsurface impacted by oil. Over the course of approximately 18 months, we observed a progressive decrease in the resistivity of the DH spill-impacted region. Detailed analysis of pixel/point resistivity variation within the imaged area showed that long-term decreases in resistivity were largely associated with the DH-impacted sediments. A microbial diversity survey revealed the presence of hydrocarbon-degrading organisms throughout the test site. However, hydrocarbon degradation activity was much higher in the DH-impacted locations compared to nonimpacted locations, suggesting the presence of active hydrocarbon degraders, supporting biodegradation processes. The results of this long-term monitoring experiment suggested that resistivity might be used to noninvasively monitor the long-term degradation of crude oil spills. C1 [Heenan, Jeffrey; Slater, Lee D.; Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Atekwana, Estella A.; Ross, Cameron; Atekwana, Eliot A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Boone Pickens Sch Geol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Fathepure, Babu Z.; Dalvi, Sonal] Oklahoma State Univ, Microbiol & Mol Genet, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Werkema, Dale D.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Heenan, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM jheenan@pegasus.rutgers.edu; lslater@rutgers.edu; dimntar@rutgers.edu; estella.atekwana@okstate.edu; babu.fathepure@okstate.edu; sonal.dalvi@okstate.edu; camersr@ostatemail.okstate.edu; werkema.d@epamail.epa.gov; eliot.atekwana@okstate.edu OI atekwana, eliot/0000-0002-4934-650X FU United States Environmental Protection Agency National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development Student Services [RFQ-RT-11-00103]; National Science Foundation [OCE-1049301]; American Chemical Society, Petroleum Research Fund [49823-ND8]; Chevron Energy Corporation FX This work was supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development Student Services Contract RFQ-RT-11-00103 to J. Heenan, National Science Foundation RAPID Award, OCE-1049301, American Chemical Society, Petroleum Research Fund, grant no. 49823-ND8, and the Chevron Energy Corporation. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 80 IS 1 BP B1 EP B11 DI 10.1190/GEO2013-0468.1 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CE8PN UT WOS:000352105900005 ER PT J AU Gantt, B Johnson, MS Crippa, M Prevot, ASH Meskhidze, N AF Gantt, B. Johnson, M. S. Crippa, M. Prevot, A. S. H. Meskhidze, N. TI Implementing marine organic aerosols into the GEOS-Chem model SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SEA-SPRAY AEROSOL; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; MATTER ENRICHMENT; DRY DEPOSITION; ARCTIC-OCEAN; EMISSIONS; ISOPRENE; PARAMETERIZATION; PARTICLES AB Marine-sourced organic aerosols (MOAs) have been shown to play an important role in tropospheric chemistry by impacting surface mass, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice nuclei concentrations over remote marine and coastal regions. In this work, an online marine primary organic aerosol emission parameterization, designed to be used for both global and regional models, was implemented into the GEOS-Chem (Global Earth Observing System Chemistry) model. The implemented emission scheme improved the large underprediction of organic aerosol concentrations in clean marine regions (normalized mean bias decreases from -79% when using the default settings to -12% when marine organic aerosols are added). Model predictions were also in good agreement (correlation coefficient of 0.62 and normalized mean bias of -36%) with hourly surface concentrations of MOAs observed during the summertime at an inland site near Paris, France. Our study shows that MOAs have weaker coastal-to-inland concentration gradients than sea-salt aerosols, leading to several inland European cities having > 10% of their surface submicron organic aerosol mass concentration with a marine source. The addition of MOA tracers to GEOS-Chem enabled us to identify the regions with large contributions of freshly emitted or aged aerosol having distinct physicochemical properties, potentially indicating optimal locations for future field studies. C1 [Gantt, B.; Meskhidze, N.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Johnson, M. S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Crippa, M.; Prevot, A. S. H.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. RP Gantt, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bdgantt@gmail.com RI Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DEFG02-08ER64508]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0826117]; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) [NNX11AG72G]; European Community [212520]; Office of Research and Development, US EPA FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy grant no. DEFG02-08ER64508, National Science Foundation grant no. ATM-0826117, and National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) through grant no. NNX11AG72G. The measurements in Paris were conducted in the MEGAPOLI project, mainly financially supported by the European Community's Framework Program FP/2007-2011 under grant agreement no. 212520. The authors would like to thank Daniel Jacob and the Harvard University Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group for providing the base GEOS-Chem model used during our research. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at NASA Ames Research Center. B. Gantt is supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, US EPA, administered by ORISE. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 619 EP 629 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-619-2015 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CE9JM UT WOS:000352160200010 ER PT J AU Duan, WL He, B Takara, K Luo, PP Nover, D Hu, MC AF Duan, W. L. He, B. Takara, K. Luo, P. P. Nover, D. Hu, M. C. TI Modeling suspended sediment sources and transport in the Ishikari River basin, Japan, using SPARROW SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SPATIALLY REFERENCED REGRESSION; GULF-OF-MEXICO; LAND-USE; WATER-QUALITY; SOIL-EROSION; NITROGEN DELIVERY; PHOSPHORUS; IMPACT; CHANNEL; RUNOFF AB It is important to understand the mechanisms that control the fate and transport of suspended sediment (SS) in rivers, because high suspended sediment loads have significant impacts on riverine hydroecology. In this study, the SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes) watershed model was applied to estimate the sources and transport of SS in surface waters of the Ishikari River basin (14 330 km(2)), the largest watershed in Hokkaido, Japan. The final developed SPARROW model has four source variables (developing lands, forest lands, agricultural lands, and stream channels), three landscape delivery variables (slope, soil permeability, and precipitation), two in-stream loss coefficients, including small streams (streams with drainage area < 200 km(2)) and large streams, and reservoir attenuation. The model was calibrated using measurements of SS from 31 monitoring sites of mixed spatial data on topography, soils and stream hydrography. Calibration results explain approximately 96% (R-2) of the spatial variability in the natural logarithm mean annual SS flux (kg yr(-1)) and display relatively small prediction errors at the 31 monitoring stations. Results show that developing land is associated with the largest sediment yield at around 1006 kg km(-2) yr(-1), followed by agricultural land (234 kg km(-2) yr(-1)). Estimation of incremental yields shows that 35% comes from agricultural lands, 23% from forested lands, 23% from developing lands, and 19% from stream channels. The results of this study improve our understanding of sediment production and transportation in the Ishikari River basin in general, which will benefit both the scientific and management communities in safeguarding water resources. C1 [Duan, W. L.; He, B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Key Lab Watershed Geog Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Duan, W. L.; Takara, K.; Hu, M. C.] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto, Japan. [Luo, P. P.] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Inst Hydraul Struct Engn & Water Environm, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Luo, P. P.] United Nations Univ, Inst Adv Study Sustainabil, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Nover, D.] US EPA, Global Change Res Grp, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Duan, WL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Key Lab Watershed Geog Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM duan.scut.cn@gmail.com; hebin@niglas.ac.cn; luoping198121@gmail.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41471460]; "One Hundred Talents Program" of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kyoto University Sustainability/Survivability Science for a Resilient Society Adaptable to Extreme Weather Conditions Global COE program; Global Center for Education and Research on Human Security Engineering for Asian Megacities; Postdoctoral fellowship of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [P12055]; JSPS KAKENHI [24.02055]; JSPS (KAKENHI Wakate B) [90569724]; China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX This study is sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41471460) and "One Hundred Talents Program" of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Kyoto University Sustainability/Survivability Science for a Resilient Society Adaptable to Extreme Weather Conditions Global COE program and the Global Center for Education and Research on Human Security Engineering for Asian Megacities, the Postdoctoral fellowship of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (P12055), JSPS KAKENHI grant number 24.02055 and the JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (KAKENHI Wakate B, 90569724). We also wish to acknowledge Anne B. Hoos and John W. Brakebill of the US Geological Survey for their help with the use of the SPARROW model. The first author would like to thank the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for his PhD scholarships. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1293 EP 1306 DI 10.5194/hess-19-1293-2015 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CE9JQ UT WOS:000352160600012 ER PT J AU Holeck, KT Rudstam, LG Watkins, JM Luckey, FJ Lantry, JR Lantry, BF Trometer, ES Koops, MA Johnson, TB AF Holeck, K. T. Rudstam, L. G. Watkins, J. M. Luckey, F. J. Lantry, J. R. Lantry, B. F. Trometer, E. S. Koops, M. A. Johnson, T. B. TI Lake Ontario water quality during the 2003 and 2008 intensive field years and comparison with long-term trends SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE oligotrophication; phosphorus; silica; chlorophyll a; Secchi disc transparency; trophic state ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; TOTAL PHOSPHORUS; CHLOROPHYLL-A; TROPHIC STATE; FOOD-WEB; PHYTOPLANKTON; ZOOPLANKTON; NEARSHORE; EUTROPHICATION; ENRICHMENT AB Phosphorus loading declined between the 1970s and the 1990s, leading to oligotrophication of the offshore waters of Lake Ontario during that time period. Using lake-wide data from the intensive field years of 2003 and 2008 and from available long-term data sets on several trophic state indicators (total phosphorus [TP], soluble reactive silica [SRSi], chlorophyll a and Secchi disc transparency [SDT]), we tested the hypothesis that oligotrophication of the offshore waters of Lake Ontario has continued in the 2000s. Significant differences between 2003 and 2008 include higher spring (April) TP, SRSi, and SDT in 2008, lower summer (July-August) SDT in 2008, higher summer chlorophyll a in 2008, and lower fall (September) TP, SRSi, and chlorophyll a in 2008. The decline in SRSi from spring to summer was greater in 2008 than in 2003. Change point and regression analyses on the long-term data revealed no trend in spring TP since 1996, in summer chlorophyll a since 1994, in spring SDT since 1998, in spring SRSi or SRSi decline from spring to summer since 1999, or in summer SDT since 2001. Neither the comparison of the 2003 and 2008 surveys nor the analysis of the long-term data supported our hypothesis of continued oligotrophication of the offshore of Lake Ontario in the 2000s. C1 [Holeck, K. T.; Rudstam, L. G.; Watkins, J. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Luckey, F. J.] US EPA, New York, NY 10007 USA. [Lantry, J. R.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Lake Ontario Fisheries Res Unit, Cape Vincent Fisheries Res Stn, Cape Vincent, NY 13618 USA. [Lantry, B. F.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Trometer, E. S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Great Lakes Off, Basom, NY 14013 USA. [Koops, M. A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Johnson, T. B.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Glenora Fisheries Stn, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada. RP Holeck, KT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Cornell Biol Field Stn, 900 Shackelton Pt Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. EM kth1@cornell.edu RI Koops, Marten/A-4534-2010 OI Koops, Marten/0000-0002-3676-7946 FU EPA [97220700-0]; International Joint Commission FX This work was funded by EPA Grant 97220700-0 to Cornell University as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative and a grant from the International Joint Commission. Further support is provided by the agencies collaborating in the lower trophic level assessments of Lake Ontario (EPA GNLPO and Region 2, NYSDEC, USGS, USFWS, DFO, EC, OMNR). NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 EI 1539-4077 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2015 VL 18 IS 1 BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1080/14634988.2015.1000787 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CE3AI UT WOS:000351695400003 ER PT J AU Rudstam, LG Holeck, KT Bowen, KL Watkins, JM Weidel, BC Luckey, FJ AF Rudstam, L. G. Holeck, K. T. Bowen, K. L. Watkins, J. M. Weidel, B. C. Luckey, F. J. TI Lake Ontario zooplankton in 2003 and 2008: Community changes and vertical redistribution SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE calanoids; cyclopoids; bosminids; daphniids; Bythotrephes ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; LOWER FOOD-WEB; CLADOCERAN BYTHOTREPHES-LONGIMANUS; ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; WATER SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; SMELT OSMERUS-MORDAX; CERCOPAGIS-PENGOI; RAINBOW SMELT; PREDATORY CLADOCERAN; CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON AB Lake-wide zooplankton surveys are critical for documenting and understanding food web responses to ecosystem change. Surveys in 2003 and 2008 during the binational intensive field year in Lake Ontario found that offshore epilimnetic crustacean zooplankton declined by a factor of 12 (density) and factor of 5 (biomass) in the summer with smaller declines in the fall. These declines coincided with an increase in abundance of Bythotrephes and are likely the result of direct predation by, or behavioral responses to this invasive invertebrate predator. Whole water column zooplankton density also declined from 2003 to 2008 in the summer and fall (factor of 4), but biomass only declined in the fall (factor of 2). The decline in biomass was less than the decline in density because the average size of individual zooplankton increased. This was due to changes in the zooplankton community composition from a cyclopoid/bosminid dominated community in 2003 to a calanoid dominated community in 2008. The increase in calanoid copepods was primarily due to the larger species Limnocalanus macrurus and Leptodiaptomus sicilis. These cold water species were found in and below the thermocline associated with a deep chlorophyll layer. In 2008, most of the zooplankton biomass resided in or below the thermocline during the day. Increased importance of copepods in deeper, colder water may favor Cisco and Rainbow Smelt over Alewife because these species are better adapted to cold temperatures than Alewife. C1 [Rudstam, L. G.; Holeck, K. T.; Watkins, J. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rudstam, L. G.; Holeck, K. T.; Watkins, J. M.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Biol Field Stn, Ithaca, NY USA. [Bowen, K. L.] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada. [Weidel, B. C.] USGS Great Lakes Lab, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY USA. [Luckey, F. J.] US EPA, New York, NY USA. RP Rudstam, LG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lgr1@cornell.edu FU EPA [97220700-0]; International Joint Commission FX This work was funded by EPA Grant 97220700-0 to Cornell University as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative with supplemental funding from the International Joint Commission. Further support was provided by the agencies collaborating in the lower trophic level assessments of Lake Ontario (EPA GNLPO and Region 2, NYSDEC, USGS, USFWS, DFO, EC, OMNR). The opinions presented herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the position of EPA or USGS. This is contribution number 1863 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 84 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 EI 1539-4077 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2015 VL 18 IS 1 BP 43 EP 62 DI 10.1080/14634988.2014.965121 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CE3AI UT WOS:000351695400006 ER PT J AU Xing, J Mathur, R Pleim, J Hogrefe, C Gan, CM Wong, DC Wei, C Gilliam, R Pouliot, G AF Xing, J. Mathur, R. Pleim, J. Hogrefe, C. Gan, C-M. Wong, D. C. Wei, C. Gilliam, R. Pouliot, G. TI Observations and modeling of air quality trends over 1990-2010 across the Northern Hemisphere: China, the United States and Europe SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL MODEL; BLACK CARBON CONCENTRATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; LINE OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; LONG-TERM CHANGES; PART I; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AB Trends in air quality across the Northern Hemisphere over a 21-year period (1990-2010) were simulated using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) multiscale chemical transport model driven by meteorology from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations and internally consistent historical emission inventories obtained from EDGAR. Thorough comparison with several ground observation networks mostly over Europe and North America was conducted to evaluate the model performance as well as the ability of CMAQ to reproduce the observed trends in air quality over the past 2 decades in three regions: eastern China, the continental United States and Europe. The model successfully reproduced the observed decreasing trends in SO2, NO2, 8 h O-3 maxima, SO42- and elemental carbon (EC) in the US and Europe. However, the model fails to reproduce the decreasing trends in NO3- in the US, potentially pointing to uncertainties of NH3 emissions. The model failed to capture the 6-year trends of SO2 and NO2 in CN-API (China - Air Pollution Index) from 2005 to 2010, but reproduced the observed pattern of O-3 trends shown in three World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG) sites over eastern Asia. Due to the coarse spatial resolution employed in these calculations, predicted SO2 and NO2 concentrations are underestimated relative to all urban networks, i.e., US-AQS (US - ir Quality System; normalized mean bias (NMB) D 38% and 48 %), EU-AIRBASE (European Air quality data Base; NMB D 18 and 54 %) and CN-API (NMB D 36 and 68 %). Conversely, at the rural network EU-EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme), SO2 is overestimated (NMB from 4 to 150 %) while NO2 is simulated well (NMB within +/- 15 %) in all seasons. Correlations between simulated and observed O-3 wintertime daily 8 h maxima (DM8) are poor compared to other seasons for all networks. Better correlation between simulated and observed SO42- was found compared to that for SO2. Underestimation of summer SO42- in the US may be associated with the uncertainty in precipitation and associated wet scavenging representation in the model. The model exhibits worse performance for NO3- predictions, particularly in summer, due to high uncertainties in the gas/particle partitioning of NO3- as well as seasonal variations of NH3 emissions. There are high correlations (R > 0.5) between observed and simulated EC, although the model underestimates the EC concentration by 65% due to the coarse grid resolution as well as uncertainties in the PM speciation profile associated with EC emissions. The almost linear response seen in the trajectory of modeled O-3 changes in eastern China over the past 2 decades suggests that control strategies that focus on combined control of NOx and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions with a ratio of 0.46 may provide the most effective means for O-3 reductions for the region devoid of nonlinear response potentially associated with NOx or VOC limitation resulting from alternate strategies. The response of O-3 is more sensitive to changes in NOx emissions in the eastern US because the relative abundance of biogenic VOC emissions tends to reduce the effectiveness of VOC controls. Increasing NH3 levels offset the relative effectiveness of NOx controls in reducing the relative fraction of aerosol NO3- formed from declining NOx emissions in the eastern US, while the control effectiveness was assured by the simultaneous control of NH3 emission in Europe. C1 [Xing, J.; Mathur, R.; Pleim, J.; Hogrefe, C.; Gan, C-M.; Wong, D. C.; Wei, C.; Gilliam, R.; Pouliot, G.] US EPA, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Wei, C.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Multiphase Chem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Xing, J (reprint author), US EPA, Durham, NC 27711 USA. EM xing.jia@epa.gov RI wei, chao/E-4379-2011; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 FU US Department of Energy [DE-SC000378]; US EPA [RW-89-9233260 1]; National Research Council FX Although this work has been reviewed and approved for publication by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), it does not reflect the views and policies of the agency. This work was supported in part by an inter-agency agreement between the US Department of Energy project (IA no. DE-SC000378) and the US EPA (IA no. RW-89-9233260 1). This research was performed while Jia Xing held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the US EPA. The authors gratefully acknowledge the free availability and use of data sets associated with the EDGAR, SMOKE, GEIA, CASTNET, IMPROVE, AQS, EMEP, AIRBASE, WDCGG and China API initiatives. NR 80 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 20 U2 104 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 5 BP 2723 EP 2747 DI 10.5194/acp-15-2723-2015 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD6KL UT WOS:000351197900003 ER PT J AU Mukerjee, S Smith, L Brantley, H Stallings, C Neas, L Kimbrough, S Williams, R AF Mukerjee, Shaibal Smith, Luther Brantley, Halley Stallings, Casson Neas, Lucas Kimbrough, Sue Williams, Ronald TI Comparison of modeled traffic exposure zones using on-road air pollution measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; geographic information system (GIS); mobile monitor; traffic ID NEAR-ROAD; RESIDENTIAL PROXIMITY; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; MAJOR HIGHWAY; QUALITY; ASTHMA; OUTCOMES; IMPACTS; TRENDS AB Modeled traffic data were used to develop traffic exposure zones (TEZs) such as traffic delay, high volume, and transit routes in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina (USA). On-road air pollution measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), black carbon (BC), coarse (PM2.5-10), fine (PM2.5) particulate matter and ultrafine particles (UFPs) were made on routes that encountered these TEZs. Results indicated overall greater traffic pollutant levels in high volume and delay road sections than bus routes or areas of higher signal light density. The combination of delineating roadways into TEZs with highly time resolved on-road measurements demonstrated how pollutant levels can vary within roadways. C1 [Mukerjee, Shaibal; Williams, Ronald] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Smith, Luther; Stallings, Casson] Alion Sci & Technol, Durham, NC USA. [Brantley, Halley; Kimbrough, Sue] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brantley, Halley] Student Serv Contractor, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Neas, Lucas] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Mukerjee, S (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mukerjee.shaibal@epa.gov OI Kimbrough, Evelyn Sue/0000-0002-7246-0255 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-10-070] FX We thank the Institute for Transportation Research and Education at North Carolina State University for providing modeled traffic counts and Parikh Deshmukh of ARCADIS for field measurements. We also thank Gayle Hagler, Carry Croghan, Jason Weinstein, and Eben Thoma of EPA/ORD for analysis and reviewing the paper. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under contract EP-D-10-070 to Alion. The paper has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 20 PU TURKISH NATL COMMITTEE AIR POLLUTION RES & CONTROL-TUNCAP PI BUCA PA DOKUZ EYLUL UNIV, DEPT ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, TINAZTEPE CAMPUS, BUCA, IZMIR 35160, TURKEY SN 1309-1042 J9 ATMOS POLLUT RES JI Atmos. Pollut. Res. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 DI 10.5094/APR.2015.010 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE1AJ UT WOS:000351543300010 ER PT J AU Jahne, MA Rogers, SW Ramler, IP Holder, E Hayes, G AF Jahne, Michael A. Rogers, Shane W. Ramler, Ivan P. Holder, Edith Hayes, Gina TI Hierarchal clustering yields insight into multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from a cattle feedlot wastewater treatment system SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Antibiotic resistance; Hierarchal clustering; Animal feeding operations; Fecal indicator bacteria; Wastewater; Vancomycin ID ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS; SURFACE-WATER; HUMAN HEALTH; GENE AB Forty-two percent of Escherichia coli and 58 % of Enterococcus spp. isolated from cattle feedlot runoff and associated infiltration basin and constructed wetland treatment system were resistant to at least one antibiotic of clinical importance; a high level of multidrug resistance (22 % of E. coli and 37 % of Enterococcus spp.) was observed. Hierarchical clustering revealed a closely associated resistance cluster among drug-resistant E. coli isolates that included cephalosporins (ceftiofur, cefoxitin, and ceftriaxone), aminoglycosides (gentamycin, kanamycin, and amikacin), and quinolone nalidixic acid; antibiotics from these classes were used at the study site, and cross-resistance may be associated with transferrable multiple-resistance elements. For Enterococcus spp., co-resistance among vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin was common; these antibiotics are reserved for complicated clinical infections and have not been approved for animal use. Vancomycin resistance (n=49) only occurred when isolates were resistant to linezolid, daptomycin, and all four of the MLSB (macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B) antibiotics tested (tylosin, erythromycin, lincomycin, and quinipristin/dalfopristin). This suggests that developing co-resistance to MLSB antibiotics along with cyclic lipopeptides and oxazolidinones may result in resistance to vancomycin as well. Effects of the treatment system on antibiotic resistance were pronounced during periods of no rainfall and low flow (long residence time). Increased hydraulic loading (short residence time) under the influence of rain caused antibiotic-resistant bacteria to be flushed through the treatment system. This presents concern for environmental discharge of multidrug-resistant organisms relevant to public health. C1 [Jahne, Michael A.] Clarkson Univ, Inst Sustainable Environm, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Rogers, Shane W.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. [Ramler, Ivan P.] St Lawrence Univ, Dept Math Comp Sci & Stat, Canton, NY 13617 USA. [Holder, Edith] Pegasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Hayes, Gina] Miami Univ, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Rogers, SW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. EM srogers@clarkson.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2007-35102-18614]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development; National Science Foundation [0959713] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, grant number 2007-35102-18614. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, also funded and collaborated in the research described herein. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official positions and policies of the USEPA. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This material is based, in part, upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0959713. The authors thank Dr. Robert Burns of Iowa State University for installation, calibration, and maintenance of the sampling equipment and collection and shipment of manure and water samples. The authors also thank the landowner who graciously allowed access and collection of samples at the study site. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 187 IS 1 AR 4168 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-4168-9 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE0XU UT WOS:000351535000001 PM 25504186 ER PT J AU Davis, AY Ottmar, R Liu, YQ Goodrick, S Achtemeier, G Gullett, B Aurell, J Stevens, W Greenwald, R Hu, YT Russell, A Hiers, JK Odman, MT AF Davis, Aika Y. Ottmar, Roger Liu, Yongqiang Goodrick, Scott Achtemeier, Gary Gullett, Brian Aurell, Johanna Stevens, William Greenwald, Roby Hu, Yongtao Russell, Armistead Hiers, J. Kevin Odman, M. Talat TI Fire emission uncertainties and their effect on smoke dispersion predictions: a case study at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES; PRESCRIBED BURNS; PLUME-RISE; CARBON; URBAN; MODEL; SIMULATION; ATMOSPHERE; PARTICLES AB Prescribed burning is practiced to benefit ecosystems but the resulting emissions can adversely affect air quality. A better understanding of the uncertainties in emission estimates and how these uncertainties affect smoke predictions is critical for model-based decision making. This study examined uncertainties associated with estimating fire emissions and how they affected smoke concentrations downwind from a prescribed burn that was conducted at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida, US. Estimated variables used in the modelled emission calculation were compared with field measurements. Fuel loadings, fuel consumption and emission factors were simulated using Photo Series, Consume, and previously published values. A plume dispersion model was used to study the effect of uncertainty in emissions on ground concentration prediction. The fire emission models predicted fuel loading, fuel consumption and emission factor within 15% of measurements. Approximately 18% uncertainty in field measurements of PM2.5 emissions and 36% uncertainty attributed to variability in emission estimating models resulted respectively in 20% and 42% ground level PM2.5 concentration uncertainties in dispersion modelling using Daysmoke. Uncertainty in input emissions influences the concentrations predicted by the smoke dispersion model to the same degree as does the model's inherent uncertainty due to turbulence. C1 [Davis, Aika Y.; Hu, Yongtao; Russell, Armistead; Odman, M. Talat] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ottmar, Roger] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Liu, Yongqiang; Goodrick, Scott; Achtemeier, Gary] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gullett, Brian; Aurell, Johanna] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Stevens, William] Kentucky Christian Univ, Grayson, KY 41143 USA. [Greenwald, Roby] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Hiers, J. Kevin] Univ South, Environm Stewardship & Sustainabil, Sewanee, TN 37383 USA. RP Odman, MT (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 790 Atlantic Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM talat.odman@ce.gatech.edu RI Hu, Yongtao/H-7543-2016 OI Hu, Yongtao/0000-0002-5161-0592 FU Joint Fire Science Program [JFSP 081604, JFSP 081606]; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [SERDP RC-1647]; NASA Air Quality Applied Science Team [NNX11AI55G]; US EPA Science to Achieve Results Program [RD83521701] FX This study was made possible with support from the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP 081604 and JFSP 081606), the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP RC-1647) and NASA Air Quality Applied Science Team (NNX11AI55G). This publication was made possible also by the US EPA Science to Achieve Results Program (RD83521701). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US EPA. Further, US EPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. Special thanks are due to those who participated in Rx-CADRE at Eglin AFB and helped gathering burn information and data, especially Brett Williams from Jackson Guard, Eglin AFB Fire Management, and Boris Galvis and Fernando Garcia-Menendez from Georgia Institute of Technology. We also acknowledge David Combs and Ken Forbus from USDA Forest Service for conduction ceilometer measurements, as well as Chris Pressley, Bill Mitchell and Bill Squier of EPA and Rob Gribble of ISSI Inc. for conducting aerostat measurements. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 20 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2015 VL 24 IS 2 BP 276 EP 285 DI 10.1071/WF13071 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CD9TX UT WOS:000351442500014 ER PT J AU Moore, C AF Moore, Chris TI Welfare Estimates of Avoided Ocean Acidification in the US Mollusk Market SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE compensating surplus; equivalent surplus; inverse demand system; ocean acidification ID INVERSE DEMAND SYSTEMS; DISTANCE FUNCTION; FISH; CO2 AB Ocean acidification has the potential to adversely affect a number of valuable marine ecosystem services by making it more difficult, and eventually impossible, for many marine organisms to form shells and skeletons. Reef-forming corals, commercially valuable shellfish, and primary producers that form the base of the marine food web are among the affected organisms. Despite the range and magnitude of likely impacts, very few economic analyses of ocean acidification's consequences have been conducted. This paper adds to the emerging body of literature by taking a distance function approach to estimating the benefits of avoided ocean acidification in the U.S. mollusk market. A nonlinear inverse almost ideal demand system estimates the utility parameters needed to calculate the exact consumer welfare measures compensating and equivalent surplus for two hypothetical policies that would reduce global greenhouse gas emissions relative to a business-as-usual scenario. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Moore, C (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 14 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O DEEVON BAILEY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, 3535 OLD MAIN HILL, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 1068-5502 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 40 IS 1 BP 50 EP 62 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA CE0EP UT WOS:000351477600005 ER PT J AU Milovancev, M Hauck, M Keller, C Stranahan, LW Mansoor, A Malarkey, DE AF Milovancev, M. Hauck, M. Keller, C. Stranahan, L. W. Mansoor, A. Malarkey, D. E. TI Comparative Pathology of Canine Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Possible Models of Human Non-rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcomas SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE comparative pathology; dog; man; soft tissue sarcoma ID DRUG DEVELOPMENT; DOGS; TUMORS; TARGETS; BIOLOGY AB Comparative analyses of canine and human soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are lacking. This study compared the histological and immunohistochemical (labelling for desmin, smooth muscle actin [SMA], CD31, pancytokeratin, S100 and CD34) appearance of 32 archived, formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded canine STS tumour specimens by board-certified veterinary and medical pathologists, both blinded to the other's interpretations. Comparison between the veterinary and human diagnoses revealed a generally consistent pattern of interpretation with few notable variations. Most tumours (13/32) were judged to display similar histomorphological appearance to human low-grade spindle cell sarcomas, appearing non-distinctive and morphologically of a fibroblastic/myofibroblastic type. Five canine cases resembled human liposarcoma, but with atypical desmin-positive epithelioid cells present. Five canine cases resembled human spindle cell sarcoma with myxoid features and two additional cases resembled human myxofibrosarcoma. Seven canine cases were noted to resemble human undifferentiated sarcoma. Findings in the present study demonstrate that canine STSs display histological and immunohistochemical features similar to their human equivalents. Because of these cross-species similarities, a particular opportunity exists to understand the biology and treatment of human STS by potentially including dogs as clinical models. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Milovancev, M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hauck, M.; Stranahan, L. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Keller, C.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Pediat, Pape Family Pediat Res Inst, Pediat Canc Biol Program, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Mansoor, A.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Pathol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Malarkey, D. E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Keller, C.] Childrens Canc Therapy Dev Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Milovancev, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM milan.milovancev@oregonstate.edu OI Milovancev, Milan/0000-0002-0556-4409 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 EI 1532-3129 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 152 IS 1 BP 22 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.09.005 PG 6 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA CD2OX UT WOS:000350920000004 PM 25435513 ER PT J AU Selvakumar, A Matthews, JC Condit, W Sterling, R AF Selvakumar, Ariamalar Matthews, John C. Condit, Wendy Sterling, Ray TI Innovative research program on the renewal of aging water infrastructure systems SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Article DE decision support; pipe rehabilitation; quality assurance/quality control; trenchless technology; wastewater pipe; water pipe ID REHABILITATION; SEWER; MAINS AB The needs associated with the aging water infrastructure are immense and have been estimated at more than $1 trillion over the next 20 years for water and wastewater utilities. To meet this growing need, utilities require the use of innovative technologies and procedures for managing their systems. To help meet their needs, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated a research program to assist utilities in the renewal of water distribution and wastewater collection systems and this paper summarizes that program. This paper addresses the state-of-the-art review of current and emerging renewal technologies available for water distribution and wastewater collection systems. This paper also discusses the results of other program components which are intended to aid in the use of the renewal methods. This included: a cured-in-place pipe retrospective study of liners in use for more than 25 years; a field demonstration program of innovative water rehabilitation methods; a review of quality assurance and quality control measures for trenchless technologies; and current decision-making models and methodologies available to support rehabilitation versus replacement decisions. C1 [Selvakumar, Ariamalar] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div,Urban Watershe, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. [Matthews, John C.] Battelle Mem Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Condit, Wendy] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Sterling, Ray] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. RP Selvakumar, A (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div,Urban Watershe, 2890 Woodbridge Ave,MS-104, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. EM selvakumar.ariamalar@epa.gov OI Sterling, Raymond/0000-0003-0587-9459 FU U.S. EPA, through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 16 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 EI 1365-2087 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES T JI J. Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PY 2015 VL 64 IS 2 BP 117 EP 129 DI 10.2166/aqua.2014.103 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA CC3XA UT WOS:000350283300001 ER PT J AU Puchalski, MA Rogers, CM Baumgardner, R Mishoe, KP Price, G Smith, MJ Watkins, N Lehmann, CM AF Puchalski, Melissa A. Rogers, Christopher M. Baumgardner, Ralph Mishoe, Kevin P. Price, Garry Smith, Michael J. Watkins, Nealson Lehmann, Christopher M. TI A statistical comparison of active and passive ammonia measurements collected at Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; AMBIENT AMMONIA; DRY DEPOSITION; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; NITROGEN; MODEL; NH3; VEGETATION; EMISSIONS AB Atmospheric concentrations of ammonia (NH3) are not well characterized in the United States due to the sparse number of monitors, the relatively short lifetime of NH3 in the atmosphere, and the difficulty in measuring non-point source emissions such as fertilized agricultural land. In this study, we compare measured weekly concentrations of NH3 collected by two denuder systems with a bi-weekly passive NH3 sampler used by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program's (NADP) Ammonia Monitoring Network (AMoN). The purpose of the study was to verify the passive samplers used by AMoN and characterize any uncertainties introduced when using a bi-weekly versus weekly sampling time period. The study was conducted for 1 year at five remote Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) sites. Measured ambient NH3 concentrations ranged from 0.03 mu g NH3 m(-3) to 4.64 mu g NH3 m(-3) in upstate New York and northwest Texas, respectively, while dry deposition estimates ranged from 0.003 kg N ha(-1) wk(-1) to 0.47 kg N ha(-1) wk(-1). Results showed that the bi-weekly passive samplers performed well compared to annular denuder systems (ADS) deployed at each of the five CASTNET sites, while the MetOne Super SASS Mini-Parallel Plate Denuder System (MPPD) was biased low when compared to the ADS. The mean relative percent difference (MRPD) between the ADS and MPPD and the ADS and AMoN sampler was -38% and -9%, respectively. Precision of the ADS and MPPD was 5% and 13%, respectively, while the precision of the passive samplers was 5%. The results of this study demonstrate that the NH3 concentrations measured by AMoN are comparable to the ADS and may be used to supplement the high-time resolution measurements to gain information on spatial gradients of NH3, long-term trends and seasonal variations in NH3 concentrations. C1 [Puchalski, Melissa A.] US EPA, Off Air Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Rogers, Christopher M.; Mishoe, Kevin P.; Price, Garry; Smith, Michael J.] AMEC Environm & Infrastruct Inc, Newberry, FL 32669 USA. [Baumgardner, Ralph] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Watkins, Nealson] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Lehmann, Christopher M.] Illinois State Water Survey, Cent Analyt Lab, Natl Atmospher Deposit Program, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Puchalski, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Programs, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Puchalski.Melissa@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Air Programs [EP-W-09-028]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards [EP-W-09-028]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development under EPA [EP-W-09-028] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Air Programs, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, and Office of Research and Development under EPA contract EP-W-09-028. This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2015 VL 17 IS 2 BP 358 EP 369 DI 10.1039/c4em00531g PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB5WM UT WOS:000349698500011 PM 25574663 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, S Sobhani, N Miller-Schulze, JP Shafer, MM Schauer, JJ Solomon, PA Saide, PE Spak, SN Cheng, YF van der Gon, HACD Lu, Z Streets, DG Janssens-Maenhout, G Wiedinmyer, C Lantz, J Artamonova, M Chen, B Imashev, S Sverdlik, L Deminter, JT Adhikary, B D'Allura, A Wei, C Carmichael, GR AF Kulkarni, S. Sobhani, N. Miller-Schulze, J. P. Shafer, M. M. Schauer, J. J. Solomon, P. A. Saide, P. E. Spak, S. N. Cheng, Y. F. van der Gon, H. A. C. Denier Lu, Z. Streets, D. G. Janssens-Maenhout, G. Wiedinmyer, C. Lantz, J. Artamonova, M. Chen, B. Imashev, S. Sverdlik, L. Deminter, J. T. Adhikary, B. D'Allura, A. Wei, C. Carmichael, G. R. TI Source sector and region contributions to BC and PM2.5 in Central Asia SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TERM CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-QUALITY; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOL; HUMAN HEALTH; PLUME RISE; EMISSIONS; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSPORT; INCLUSION AB Particulate matter (PM) mass concentrations, seasonal cycles, source sector, and source region contributions in Central Asia (CA) are analyzed for the period April 2008-July 2009 using the Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM) chemical transport model and modeled meteorology from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Predicted aerosol optical depth (AOD) values (annual mean value similar to 0.2) in CA vary seasonally, with lowest values in the winter. Surface PM2.5 concentrations (annual mean value similar to 10 mu g m(3)) also exhibit a seasonal cycle, with peak values and largest variability in the spring/summer, and lowest values and variability in the winter (hourly values from 2 to 90 mu g m(3)). Surface concentrations of black carbon (BC) (mean value similar to 0.1 mu g m(-3)) show peak values in the winter. The simulated values are compared to surface measurements of AOD as well as PM2.5, PM10, BC, and organic carbon (OC) mass concentrations at two regional sites in Kyrgyzstan (Lidar Station Teplokluchenka (LST) and Bishkek). The predicted values of AOD and PM mass concentrations and their seasonal cycles are fairly well captured. The carbonaceous aerosols are underpredicted in winter, and analysis suggests that the winter heating emissions are underestimated in the current inventory. Dust, from sources within and outside CA, is a significant component of the PM mass and drives the seasonal cycles of PM and AOD. On an annual basis, the power and industrial sectors are found to be the most important contributors to the anthropogenic portion of PM2.5. Residential combustion and transportation are shown to be the most important sectors for BC. Biomass burning within and outside the region also contributes to elevated PM and BC concentrations. The analysis of the transport pathways and the variations in particulate matter mass and composition in CA demonstrates that this region is strategically located to characterize regional and intercontinental transport of pollutants. Aerosols at these sites are shown to reflect dust, biomass burning, and anthropogenic sources from Europe; South, East, and Central Asia; and Russia depending on the time period. Simulations for a reference 2030 emission scenario based on pollution abatement measures already committed to in current legislation show that PM2.5 and BC concentrations in the region increase, with BC growing more than PM2.5 on a relative basis. This suggests that both the health impacts and the climate warming associated with these particles may increase over the next decades unless additional control measures are taken. The importance of observations in CA to help characterize the changes that are rapidly taking place in the region are discussed. C1 [Kulkarni, S.; Sobhani, N.; Saide, P. E.; Spak, S. N.; Cheng, Y. F.; Adhikary, B.; Wei, C.; Carmichael, G. R.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Sobhani, N.; Carmichael, G. R.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Miller-Schulze, J. P.; Shafer, M. M.; Schauer, J. J.; Deminter, J. T.] Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53718 USA. [Miller-Schulze, J. P.; Shafer, M. M.; Schauer, J. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Solomon, P. A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Spak, S. N.; Lu, Z.] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [van der Gon, H. A. C. Denier] TNO, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. [Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Janssens-Maenhout, G.] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, IES, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Wiedinmyer, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lantz, J.] US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Artamonova, M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow 109017, Russia. [Chen, B.; Imashev, S.; Sverdlik, L.] Kyrgyz Russian Slav Univ, Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan. [D'Allura, A.] ARIANET, I-20128 Milan, Italy. RP Sobhani, N (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM negin-sobhani@uiowa.edu; gcarmich@engineering.uiowa.edu RI Spak, Scott/B-7331-2008; wei, chao/E-4379-2011; Imashev, Sanjar/I-7667-2016; Cheng, Yafang/F-9362-2010 OI Spak, Scott/0000-0002-8545-1411; Imashev, Sanjar/0000-0003-3293-3764; Cheng, Yafang/0000-0003-4912-9879 FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development; International Science & Technology Center (ISTC) [3715]; EPA [RD-83503701-0]; NASA [NNX08AH56G]; NSF [1049140]; NCRR [UL1RR024979]; Fulbright-CONICYT [15093810] FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded this study and collaborated in the research described here as a component of the International Science & Technology Center (ISTC) project no. 3715 (Transcontinental Transport of Air Pollution from Central Asia to the US). The University of Iowa activities were also supported in part by the following grants: EPA (RD-83503701-0), NASA (NNX08AH56G), NSF (1049140), NCRR (UL1RR024979), and Fulbright-CONICYT (15093810). The contents of this study are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the funding institutions. This manuscript has been subjected to US EPA review and approved for publication. We thank all the PIs and their staff for establishing and maintaining the AERONET sites that have been used in this study. We would also like to acknowledge the Network Center for EANET and the EMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre for the PM10 measurements used in this study. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 39 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1683 EP 1705 DI 10.5194/acp-15-1683-2015 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB7IP UT WOS:000349800500008 ER PT J AU Almand-Hunter, BB Walker, JT Masson, NP Hafford, L Hannigan, MP AF Almand-Hunter, B. B. Walker, J. T. Masson, N. P. Hafford, L. Hannigan, M. P. TI Development and validation of inexpensive, automated, dynamic flux chambers SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; NITRIC-OXIDE EMISSION; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE NO2; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; GAS-EXCHANGE; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; REACTIVE NITROGEN; OZONE FLUX; SURFACE; SOIL AB We developed and validated an automated, inexpensive, and continuous multiple-species gas-flux monitoring system that can provide data for a variety of relevant atmospheric pollutants, including O-3, CO2, and NOx. Validation consisted of conducting concurrent gas-phase dry-deposition experiments, using both dynamic flux chambers and an eddy-covariance system, in a grassy clearing in the Duke Forest (Chapel Hill, NC). Experiments were carried out in June and September under a variety of meteorological conditions. Ozone-deposition measurements from the two methods matched very well (4-10% difference in mean flux rate) when the leaf-area index (LAI) inside the chambers was representative of the average LAI in the field. The dynamic flux chambers can be considered an accurate measurement system under these conditions. C1 [Almand-Hunter, B. B.; Masson, N. P.; Hafford, L.; Hannigan, M. P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Walker, J. T.] US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Almand-Hunter, BB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM berkeley.almand@colorado.edu FU Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) FX We are grateful for the opportunity to do this work, which was funded by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). We would like to thank Corey Miller for his help building the flux chambers. We would like to thank Peter Hamlington, Nick Clements, Bill Mitchell, and Andrew Turnipseed for helpful discussions. This project would not have been possible without equipment borrowed from Christine Wiedinmyer and John Ortega, at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, as well as Joanna Gordon and Ashley Collier. Ricardo Piedrahita and Nick Masson's sensor work is the basis for the inexpensive sensor portion of this project. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 1 BP 267 EP 280 DI 10.5194/amt-8-267-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA5WD UT WOS:000348977600018 ER PT J AU Perez, CM Hazari, MS Farraj, AK AF Perez, Christina M. Hazari, Mehdi S. Farraj, Aimen K. TI Role of Autonomic Reflex Arcs in Cardiovascular Responses to Air Pollution Exposure SO CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C fibers; RARs; SARs; Baroreceptors; Carotid body; Air pollution ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; RESPIRATORY SINUS ARRHYTHMIA; RAPIDLY ADAPTING RECEPTORS; INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; BAROREFLEX SENSITIVITY; PARTICULATE MATTER; BLOOD-PRESSURE; CAROTID-BODY; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION AB The body responds to environmental stressors by triggering autonomic reflexes in the pulmonary receptors, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors to maintain homeostasis. Numerous studies have shown that exposure to various gases and airborne particles can alter the functional outcome of these reflexes, particularly with respect to the cardiovascular system. Modulation of autonomic neural input to the heart and vasculature following direct activation of sensory nerves in the respiratory system, elicitation of oxidative stress and inflammation, or through other mechanisms is one of the primary ways that exposure to air pollution affects normal cardiovascular function. Any homeostatic process that utilizes the autonomic nervous system to regulate organ function might be affected. Thus, air pollution and other inhaled environmental irritants have the potential to alter both local airway function and baro- and chemoreflex responses, which modulate autonomic control of blood pressure and detect concentrations of key gases in the body. While each of these reflex pathways causes distinct responses, the systems are heavily integrated and communicate through overlapping regions of the brainstem to cause global effects. This short review summarizes the function of major pulmonary sensory receptors, baroreceptors, and carotid body chemoreceptors and discusses the impacts of air pollution exposure on these systems. C1 [Perez, Christina M.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Hazari, Mehdi S.; Farraj, Aimen K.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Perez, CM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM clamb@email.unc.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES007126] NR 104 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1530-7905 EI 1559-0259 J9 CARDIOVASC TOXICOL JI Cardiovasc. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s12012-014-9272-0 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Toxicology SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Toxicology GA CB1UA UT WOS:000349412300008 PM 25123706 ER PT J AU Baig, RBN Vaddula, BR Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Baig, R. B. Nasir Vaddula, Buchi Reddy Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI The copper-nicotinamide complex: sustainable applications in coupling and cycloaddition reactions SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RECYCLABLE HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST; ARYL HALIDES; SUPPORTED COPPER; NICKEL-CATALYST; BOND FORMATION; C-N; POTENT; CHEMISTRY; PALLADIUM; CHITOSAN AB The crystalline copper(II)-nicotinamide complex, synthesized via simple mixing of copper chloride and nicotinamide solution at room temperature, catalyzes the C-S, C-N bond forming and cycloaddition reactions under a variety of sustainable reaction conditions. C1 [Baig, R. B. Nasir; Vaddula, Buchi Reddy; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, WQMB, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Baig, RBN (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM nadagouda.mallikarjuna@epa.gov; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov FU appointment to the Research Participation Program for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development FX R. B. Nasir Baig and B. R. Vaddula were supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the EPA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1243 EP 1248 DI 10.1039/c4gc02047b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CB0KQ UT WOS:000349315200067 ER PT J AU Wood, JP Clayton, MJ McArthur, T Serre, SD Mickelsen, L Touati, A AF Wood, Joseph P. Clayton, Mathew J. McArthur, Timothy Serre, Shannon D. Mickelsen, Leroy Touati, Abderrahmane TI Capture of methyl bromide emissions with activated carbon following the fumigation of a small building contaminated with a Bacillus anthracis spore simulant SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION AB A wide-area Bacillus anthracis spore contamination incident will present immense challenges related to decontamination capacity. For this reason, fumigation with methyl bromide (MeBr) has been proposed as a potential remediation option. Although a few bench-scale laboratory studies have been conducted to evaluate activated carbon for the capture of MeBr, these studies were conducted at conditions replicating commodity fumigation using relatively low MeBr concentrations, temperatures, and/or relative humidity (RH) levels. The more rigorous MeBr fumigation requirements to fully inactivate B. anthracis spores are much more of a challenge for an activated carbon system (ACS) to capture MeBr, and warrant their own investigation. Further, while the aforementioned studies have shown activated carbon to be a possible option for the capture of MeBr in gas streams, these tests were conducted at laboratory bench scale, and thus lack operational perspective and data. Thus, we present for the first time the results of a full-scale study to evaluate an ACS employed for the capture of MeBr at conditions that would be used for decontaminating a building structure contaminated with B. anthracis spores. Airflow rate, temperature, RH, and MeBr levels were measured within the ACS during its operation. Despite the relatively high humidity, temperature, and MeBr levels, the MeBr capture efficiency of the ACS was demonstrated to be more than 99%. The concentration of MeBr exhausted from the structure was reduced from 41,000 to 136 ppmv in 3.5 hr, corresponding to an overall atmospheric emission rate of less than 2 kg. The practical adsorption rate of the ACS was determined to be 4.83 kg MeBr/100 kg carbon. The information and data presented here will facilitate future use of this technology when fumigating with MeBr. C1 [Wood, Joseph P.; Serre, Shannon D.; Mickelsen, Leroy] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Clayton, Mathew J.; McArthur, Timothy; Touati, Abderrahmane] ARCADIS US Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Wood, JP (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MC E343-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wood.joe@epa.gov OI Wood, Joseph/0000-0001-6316-9418 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development's National Homeland Security Research Center [EP-C-09-027]; ARCADIS US, Inc. FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development's National Homeland Security Research Center, funded and directed this work through contract EP-C-09-027 with ARCADIS US, Inc. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2015 VL 65 IS 2 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1080/10962247.2014.980017 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA2KP UT WOS:000348737800004 PM 25947050 ER PT J AU Gocht, T Berggren, E Ahr, HJ Cotgreave, I Cronin, MTD Daston, G Hardy, B Heinzle, E Hescheler, J Knight, DJ Mahony, C Peschanski, M Schwarz, M Thomas, RS Verfaillie, C White, A Whelan, M AF Gocht, Tilman Berggren, Elisabet Ahr, Hans Juergen Cotgreave, Ian Cronin, Mark T. D. Daston, George Hardy, Barry Heinzle, Elmar Hescheler, Juergen Knight, Derek J. Mahony, Catherine Peschanski, Marc Schwarz, Michael Thomas, Russell S. Verfaillie, Catherine White, Andrew Whelan, Maurice TI The SEURAT-1 Approach towards Animal Free Human Safety Assessment SO ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Article DE alternatives to animal testing; integrated testing strategy; mode-of-action theory; proof-of-concept case studies; safety assessment ID INTEGRATED TESTING STRATEGIES; ALTERNATIVE NONANIMAL METHODS; ADVERSE OUTCOME PATHWAYS; STRESS-RESPONSE PATHWAYS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; READ-ACROSS; IN-VITRO; TOXICITY; TOXICOLOGY; FRAMEWORK AB SEURAT-1 is a European public-private research consortium that is working towards animal-free testing of chemical compounds and the highest level of consumer protection. A research strategy was formulated based on the guiding principle to adopt a toxicological mode-of-action framework to describe how any substance may adversely affect human health. The proof of the initiative will be in demonstrating the applicability of the concepts on which SEURAT-1 is built on three levels: (i) Theoretical prototypes for adverse outcome pathways are formulated based on knowledge already available in the scientific literature on investigating the toxicological modes-of-action leading to adverse outcomes (addressing mainly liver toxicity); (ii) adverse outcome pathway descriptions are used as a guide for the formulation of case studies to further elucidate the theoretical model and to develop integrated testing strategies for the prediction of certain toxicological effects (i.e., those related to the adverse outcome pathway descriptions); (iii) further case studies target the application of knowledge gained within SEURAT-1 in the context of safety assessment. The ultimate goal would be to perform ab initio predictions based on a complete understanding of toxicological mechanisms. In the near-term, it is more realistic that data from innovative testing methods will support read-across arguments. Both scenarios are addressed with case studies for improved safety assessment. A conceptual framework for a rational integrated assessment strategy emerged from designing the case studies and is discussed in the context of international developments focusing on alternative approaches for evaluating chemicals using the new 21st century tools for toxicity testing. C1 [Gocht, Tilman; Schwarz, Michael] Univ Tubingen, Univ Hosp, Inst Expt & Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. [Berggren, Elisabet; Whelan, Maurice] IHCP, JRC, European Commiss, Ispra, Italy. [Berggren, Elisabet; Whelan, Maurice] EU Reference Lab Alternat Anim Testing EURL ECVAM, Ispra, Italy. [Ahr, Hans Juergen] Bayer AG, Dept Mol & Genet Toxicol, Wuppertal, Germany. [Cotgreave, Ian] Swedish Toxicol Sci, Res Ctr Swetox, Sodertalje, Sweden. [Cotgreave, Ian] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Solna, Sweden. [Cronin, Mark T. D.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Pharm & Chem, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. [Daston, George] Procter & Gamble, Product Safety & Regulatory Affairs, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Hardy, Barry] Douglas Connect, Zeiningen, Switzerland. [Heinzle, Elmar] Univ Saarland, Saarbrucken, Germany. [Hescheler, Juergen] Univ Hosp Cologne, Inst Neurophysiol, Cologne, Germany. [Knight, Derek J.] European Chem Agcy, Helsinki, Finland. [Mahony, Catherine] Procter & Gamble, Cent Product Safety Dept, London, England. [Peschanski, Marc] I STEM AFM, INSERM UEVE 861, Evry, France. [Thomas, Russell S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Verfaillie, Catherine] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Interdept Stem Cell Inst, Leuven, Belgium. [White, Andrew] Unilever, Safety & Environm Assurance Ctr, Bedford, England. RP Gocht, T (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Univ Hosp, Inst Expt & Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, Wilhelmstr 56, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. EM tilman.gocht@uni-tuebingen.de OI Thomas, Russell/0000-0002-2340-0301; Gocht, Tilma/0000-0002-2491-2050 FU European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) (project acronym "COACH") [267044]; Cosmetics Europe; Open Access Publishing Fund of Tubingen University FX This research work has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 267044 (project acronym "COACH"), and has received financing from Cosmetics Europe. We acknowledge support by the Open Access Publishing Fund of Tubingen University. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPEKTRUM AKADEMISCHER VERLAG-SPRINGER-VERLAG GMBH PI HEILDEBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, HEILDEBERG, 69121, GERMANY SN 1868-596X EI 1868-8551 J9 ALTEX-ALTERN ANIM EX JI ALTEX-Altern. Anim. Exp. PY 2015 VL 32 IS 1 BP 9 EP 24 PG 16 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA CA5QM UT WOS:000348962900003 PM 25372315 ER PT J AU Leet, JK Sassman, S Amberg, JJ Olmstead, AW Lee, LS Ankley, GT Sepulveda, MS AF Leet, Jessica K. Sassman, Stephen Amberg, Jon J. Olmstead, Allen W. Lee, Linda S. Ankley, Gerald T. Sepulveda, Maria S. TI Environmental hormones and their impacts on sex differentiation in fathead minnows SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Estrogens; Androgens; Atrazine; Animal feeding operations; Pimephales promelas ID ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS; EARLY-LIFE-STAGES; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY; RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; ESTROGENIC CHEMICALS; STEROIDAL ESTROGENS; GENE-EXPRESSION; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH AB Runoff from lands fertilized with animal manure from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) is a source of hormones to surface water. In this study we tested the hypothesis that larval fathead minnows exposed to sex steroids singly or in a "typical" CAFO mixture during sex differentiation would respond with changes in the expression of a set of target genes, leading to gonadal abnormalities later in life. In the first experiment, a static daily-renewal system was used to expose larvae during the period of 10-20 days post-hatch (dph) to either 5 ng/L 17 beta-trenbolone (17 beta-TRB) or 5 ng/L 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2). In a second experiment, fish were exposed from 0 to 45 dph in a flow-through system to a CAFO mixture composed of steroids and degradates (2-16 ng/L), atrazine and degradates (15-250 ng/L), and nitrate (3-11 mg/L). In the single hormone experiment, expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis (cyp19a, cyp17, and star) was decreased in females. In contrast, no differences in gene expression were observed in fish exposed to the CAFO mixture. However, the majority (84%) of treated males had testes containing an ovarian cavity, indicative of feminization, compared to 0% in the control males. Overall, our results show that: (1) changes in gene expression after single hormone exposures are sex-specific, with females more responsive than males; and (2) phenotypic alterations in testicular development can be elicited by a simulated "CAFO" mixture when fathead minnows are exposed during the first 45 days of development. More research is needed to further discern the complex response of fish to steroid mixtures, especially those associated with runoff from land-applied CAFO waste. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Leet, Jessica K.; Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Sassman, Stephen; Lee, Linda S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Amberg, Jon J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Olmstead, Allen W.] Bayer Crop Sci, Environm Toxicol & Risk Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jleet@mailbox.sc.edu; sassman@purdue.edu; Islee@purdue.edu; jamberg@usgs.gov; allen.olmstead@bayer.com; ankley.gerald@epa.gov; mssepulv@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU USEPA STAR [RD833417]; assistantship from the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University FX Funding was provided by USEPA STAR (RD833417). The lead author (JKL) was supported by an assistantship from the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University. We thank Bob Rode for his help in various aspects of these studies. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 158 BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.10.022 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA CA4PZ UT WOS:000348888400011 PM 25671225 ER PT J AU Aluru, N Karchner, SI Franks, DG Nacci, D Champlin, D Hahn, ME AF Aluru, Neelakanteswar Karchner, Sibel I. Franks, Diana G. Nacci, Diane Champlin, Denise Hahn, Mark E. TI Targeted mutagenesis of aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2a and 2b genes in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Non-model organisms; Gene knock-outs; Mummichog; Adaptation; Zinc finger nucleases; CRISPR-Cas9 ID ZINC-FINGER NUCLEASES; TAL EFFECTOR NUCLEASES; XENOPUS-TROPICALIS; IN-VIVO; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; CIONA-INTESTINALIS; EFFICIENT; GENOME; DISRUPTION; ZEBRAFISH AB Understanding molecular mechanisms of toxicity is facilitated by experimental manipulations, such as disruption of function by gene targeting, that are especially challenging in non-standard model species with limited genomic resources. While loss-of-function approaches have included gene knock-down using morpholino-modified oligonucleotides and random mutagenesis using mutagens or retroviruses, more recent approaches include targeted mutagenesis using zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 technology. These latter methods provide more accessible opportunities to explore gene function in non-traditional model species. To facilitate evaluation of toxic mechanisms for important categories of aryl hydrocarbon pollutants, whose actions are known to be receptor mediated, we used ZFN and CRISPR-Cas9 approaches to generate aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2a (AHR2a) and AHR2b gene mutations in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) embryos. This killifish is a particularly valuable non-traditional model, with multiple paralogs of AHR whose functions are not well characterized. In addition, some populations of this species have evolved resistance to toxicants such as halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. AHR-null killifish will be valuable for characterizing the role of the individual AHR paralogs in evolved resistance, as well as in normal development. We first used five-finger ZFNs targeting exons 1 and 3 of AHR2a. Subsequently, CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNAs were designed to target regions in exon 2 and 3 of AHR2a and AHR2b. We successfully induced frameshift mutations in AHR2a exon 3 with ZFN and CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNAs, with mutation frequencies of 10% and 16%, respectively. In AHR2b, mutations were induced using CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNAs targeting sites in both exon 2 (17%) and exon 3 (63%). We screened AHR2b exon 2 CRISPR-Cas9-injected embryos for off-target effects in AHR paralogs. No mutations were observed in closely related AHR genes (AHR1a, AHR1b,AHR2a, AHRR) in the CRISPR-Cas9-injected embryos. Overall, our results demonstrate that targeted genome-editing methods are efficient in inducing mutations at specific loci in embryos of a non-traditional model species, without detectable off-target effects in paralogous genes. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Aluru, Neelakanteswar; Karchner, Sibel I.; Franks, Diana G.; Hahn, Mark E.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Aluru, Neelakanteswar; Karchner, Sibel I.; Franks, Diana G.; Hahn, Mark E.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Superfund Res Program, Boston, MA USA. [Nacci, Diane; Champlin, Denise] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Aluru, N (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Redfield Bldg,MS 32,45 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM nalurn@whoi.edu OI Hahn, Mark/0000-0003-4358-2082 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) (Superfund Research Program at Boston University) [P42ES007381]; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Award for Innovative Research; National Science Foundation [DEB-1120512, DEB-1265282, DEB-1120013, DEB-1120263, DEB-1120333, DEB-1120398] FX This work was supported by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) grant P42ES007381 (Superfund Research Program at Boston University) and by an Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Award for Innovative Research to MEH. Design of guide RNAs and primers was aided by reference to a preliminary draft of the F. heteroclitus genome sequence, which was supported by funding from the National Science Foundation (collaborative research grants DEB-1120512, DEB-1265282, DEB-1120013, DEB-1120263, DEB-1120333, DEB-1120398). We also acknowledge the help provided by Ms. Kathryn Crawford in fish collection and embryo rearing. NR 93 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 158 BP 192 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.016 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA CA4PZ UT WOS:000348888400021 PM 25481785 ER PT J AU Kwok, RHF Baker, KR Napelenok, SL Tonnesen, GS AF Kwok, R. H. F. Baker, K. R. Napelenok, S. L. Tonnesen, G. S. TI Photochemical grid model implementation and application of VOC, NOx, and O-3 source apportionment SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RADICAL PROPAGATION EFFICIENCY; SURFACE OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; UNITED-STATES; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; EMISSION INVENTORY; NITROGEN-OXIDES; NORTH-AMERICA; SENSITIVITY AB For the purposes of developing optimal emissions control strategies, efficient approaches are needed to identify the major sources or groups of sources that contribute to elevated ozone (O-3) concentrations. Source-based apportionment techniques implemented in photochemical grid models track sources through the physical and chemical processes important to the formation and transport of air pollutants. Photochemical model source apportionment has been used to track source impacts of specific sources, groups of sources (sectors), sources in specific geographic areas, and stratospheric and lateral boundary inflow on O-3. The implementation and application of a source apportionment technique for O-3 and its precursors, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), for the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model are described here. The Integrated Source Apportionment Method (ISAM) O-3 approach is a hybrid of source apportionment and source sensitivity in that O-3 production is attributed to precursor sources based on O-3 formation regime (e.g., for a NOx-sensitive regime, O-3 is apportioned to participating NOx emissions). This implementation is illustrated by tracking multiple emissions source sectors and lateral boundary inflow. NOx, VOC, and O-3 attribution to tracked sectors in the application are consistent with spatial and temporal patterns of precursor emissions. The O-3 ISAM implementation is further evaluated through comparisons of apportioned ambient concentrations and deposition amounts with those derived from brute force zero-out scenarios, with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.58 and 0.99 depending on specific combination of target species and tracked precursor emissions. Low correlation coefficients occur for chemical regimes that have strong nonlinearity in O-3 sensitivity, which demonstrates different functionalities between source apportionment and zero-out approaches, where appropriate use depends on whether source attribution or source sensitivity is desired. C1 [Kwok, R. H. F.; Baker, K. R.; Napelenok, S. L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tonnesen, G. S.] US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Napelenok, SL (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM napelenok.sergey@epa.gov NR 67 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 53 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 1 BP 99 EP 114 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-99-2015 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CA5WK UT WOS:000348978400007 ER PT J AU Zhao, B Wang, SX Xing, J Fu, K Fu, JS Jang, C Zhu, Y Dong, XY Gao, Y Wu, WJ Wang, JD Hao, JM AF Zhao, B. Wang, S. X. Xing, J. Fu, K. Fu, J. S. Jang, C. Zhu, Y. Dong, X. Y. Gao, Y. Wu, W. J. Wang, J. D. Hao, J. M. TI Assessing the nonlinear response of fine particles to precursor emissions: development and application of an extended response surface modeling technique v1.0 SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ADJOINT SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; YANGTZE-RIVER DELTA; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; PHOTOCHEMICAL MODELS; INORGANIC AEROSOLS; CONTROL STRATEGIES; OZONE CONTROL; HIGH-ORDER; CHINA; POLLUTION AB An innovative extended response surface modeling technique (ERSM v1.0) is developed to characterize the nonlinear response of fine particles (PM2.5) to large and simultaneous changes of multiple precursor emissions from multiple regions and sectors. The ERSM technique is developed based on the conventional response surface modeling (RSM) technique; it first quantifies the relationship between PM2.5 concentrations and the emissions of gaseous precursors from each single region using the conventional RSM technique, and then assesses the effects of inter-regional transport of PM2.5 and its gaseous precursors on PM2.5 concentrations in the target region. We apply this novel technique with a widely used regional chemical transport model (CTM) over the Yangtze River delta (YRD) region of China, and evaluate the response of PM2.5 and its inorganic components to the emissions of 36 pollutant-region-sector combinations. The predicted PM2.5 concentrations agree well with independent CTM simulations; the correlation coefficients are larger than 0.98 and 0.99, and the mean normalized errors (MNEs) are less than 1 and 2% for January and August, respectively. It is also demonstrated that the ERSM technique could reproduce fairly well the response of PM2.5 to continuous changes of precursor emission levels between zero and 150 %. Employing this new technique, we identify the major sources contributing to PM2.5 and its inorganic components in the YRD region. The nonlinearity in the response of PM2.5 to emission changes is characterized and the underlying chemical processes are illustrated. C1 [Zhao, B.; Wang, S. X.; Fu, K.; Wu, W. J.; Wang, J. D.; Hao, J. M.] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wang, S. X.; Hao, J. M.] State Environm Protect Key Lab Sources & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Xing, J.; Jang, C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Fu, J. S.; Dong, X. Y.; Gao, Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zhu, Y.] S China Univ Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Gao, Y.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, SX (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM shxwang@tsinghua.edu.cn RI xing, jia/O-1784-2014; wang, shuxiao/H-5990-2011 OI wang, shuxiao/0000-0001-9727-1963 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21221004]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XBD05020300]; MEP's Special Funds for Research on Public Welfares [201409002, 201309009]; Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality of Tsinghua University FX This work was sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (21221004), Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XBD05020300), and MEP's Special Funds for Research on Public Welfares (201409002, 201309009). The authors also appreciate the support from Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality of Tsinghua University. Our work was completed on the Explorer 100 cluster system of Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 1 BP 115 EP 128 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-115-2015 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CA5WK UT WOS:000348978400008 ER PT J AU Fischer, BM Voynow, JA Ghio, AJ AF Fischer, Bernard M. Voynow, Judith A. Ghio, Andrew J. TI COPD: balancing oxidants and antioxidants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE LA English DT Review DE cigarette smoking; mucins; gene regulation; Chinese herbs; acupuncture; dietary antioxidants ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS; EXHALED BREATH CONDENSATE; SMALL-AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; GOBLET CELL METAPLASIA; RETINOL EFFICACY TRIAL; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH AB Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic illnesses in the world. The disease encompasses emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and small airway obstruction and can be caused by environmental exposures, primarily cigarette smoking. Since only a small subset of smokers develop COPD, it is believed that host factors interact with the environment to increase the propensity to develop disease. The major pathogenic factors causing disease include infection and inflammation, protease and antiprotease imbalance, and oxidative stress overwhelming antioxidant defenses. In this review, we will discuss the major environmental and host sources for oxidative stress; discuss how oxidative stress regulates chronic bronchitis; review the latest information on genetic predisposition to COPD, specifically focusing on oxidant/antioxidant imbalance; and review future antioxidant therapeutic options for COPD. The complexity of COPD will necessitate a multi-target therapeutic approach. It is likely that antioxidant supplementation and dietary antioxidants will have a place in these future combination therapies. C1 [Fischer, Bernard M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Voynow, Judith A.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Childrens Hosp Richmond, Dept Pediat, Richmond, VA USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Fischer, BM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Box 103201, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM bernie.fischer@duke.edu NR 169 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI ALBANY PA PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND SN 1178-2005 J9 INT J CHRONIC OBSTR JI Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis. PY 2015 VL 10 DI 10.2147/COPD.S42414 PG 16 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA CA2JN UT WOS:000348734800001 ER PT J AU Zhu, Y Lao, YW Jang, C Lin, CJ Xing, J Wang, SX Fu, JS Deng, S Xie, JP Long, SC AF Zhu, Yun Lao, Yanwen Jang, Carey Lin, Chen-Jen Xing, Jia Wang, Shuxiao Fu, Joshua S. Deng, Shuang Xie, Junping Long, Shicheng TI Development and case study of a science-based software platform to support policy making on air quality SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Air quality; Policy making; Response surface modeling; Emission control scenarios; Data visualization ID CHINA; SYSTEM; MODEL; IMPACT AB This article describes the development and implementations of a novel software platform that supports real-time, science-based policy making on air quality through a user-friendly interface. The software, RSM-VAT, uses a response surface modeling (RSM) methodology and serves as a visualization and analysis tool (VAT) for three-dimensional air quality data obtained by atmospheric models. The software features a number of powerful and intuitive data visualization functions for illustrating the complex nonlinear relationship between emission reductions and air quality benefits. The case study of contiguous U.S. demonstrates that the enhanced RSM-VAT is capable of reproducing the air quality model results with Normalized Mean Bias <2% and assisting in air quality policy making in near real time. (C) 2014 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zhu, Yun; Lin, Chen-Jen] S China Univ Technol, Guangzhou Higher Educ Mega Ctr, Coll Environm & Energy, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Atmospher Environm & Pollu, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Yun; Xing, Jia; Wang, Shuxiao] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Environm Protect Key Lab Sources & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Lao, Yanwen; Xie, Junping; Long, Shicheng] S China Univ Technol, Guangzhou Higher Educ Mega Ctr, Coll Environm & Energy, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Jang, Carey] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lin, Chen-Jen] Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Fu, Joshua S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Deng, Shuang] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, Y (reprint author), S China Univ Technol, Guangzhou Higher Educ Mega Ctr, Coll Environm & Energy, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Atmospher Environm & Pollu, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM zhuyun@scut.edu.cn RI xing, jia/O-1784-2014; wang, shuxiao/H-5990-2011; Lin, Che-Jen/K-1808-2013 OI wang, shuxiao/0000-0001-9727-1963; Lin, Che-Jen/0000-0001-5990-3093 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [GS-10F-0205T]; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control [h2xjD612004III]; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex [SCAPC201308]; project of Atmospheric Haze Collaboration Control Technology Design from Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB05030400] FX Financial and data support for this work is provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (No. GS-10F-0205T). This work is also partly supported by the funding of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control (No. h2xjD612004III), the funding of State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex (No. SCAPC201308), and the project of Atmospheric Haze Collaboration Control Technology Design (No. XDB05030400) from Chinese Academy of Sciences. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-0742 EI 1878-7320 J9 J ENVIRON SCI-CHINA JI J. Environ. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 27 BP 97 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.jes.2014.08.016 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA3SC UT WOS:000348825400012 PM 25597667 ER PT J AU Tatum-Gibbs, KR Mckee, JM Higuchi, M Bushnell, PJ AF Tatum-Gibbs, K. R. Mckee, J. M. Higuchi, M. Bushnell, P. J. TI Effects of toluene, acrolein and vinyl chloride on motor activity of Drosophila melanogaster SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxicity screening; Volatile organic compounds; Fruit fly; Sex difference; Narcosis ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; GENETIC REFERENCE PANEL; ODOR-GUIDED BEHAVIOR; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; NATURAL VARIATION; OLFACTORY BEHAVIOR; ARCHITECTURE; COMMUNICATION; INHALATION AB The data generated by current high-throughput assays for chemical toxicity require information to link effects at molecular targets to adverse outcomes in whole animals. In addition, more efficient methods for testing volatile chemicals are needed. Here we begin to address these issues by determining the utility of measuring behavioral responses of Drosophila melanogaster to airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as a potential model system for discovering adverse outcome pathways and as a method to test for toxicity. In these experiments, we measured motor activity in male and female flies to determine concentration-effect functions for three VOCs that differ in their mode of action: toluene, a narcotic; acrolein, an irritant; and vinyl chloride, a hepatocarcinogen. These experiments were conducted in Flyland, an outbred population of flies derived from 40 lines of the Drosophila Genetics Reference Panel (DGRP) (Mackay et al., 2012), in preparation for subsequent experiments with individual lines of the DGRP. Systematic, concentration-related changes in activity were observed with toluene, but not with acrolein; high concentrations of vinyl chloride reduced activity by a small amount. Despite higher activity levels in males than in females under control conditions, the sexes were equally sensitive to toluene. Transient increases in activity at the onset and offset of exposure to toluene and vinyl chloride suggested that the flies detected changes in air quality at concentrations that did not persistently suppress activity. The effects and potency of toluene are consistent with those observed in rodents. The lack of clear concentration-related changes in response to acrolein and vinyl chloride shows limitations of this method is for screening toxicity attributed to VOCs. This abstract does not reflect U.S. EPA policy. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tatum-Gibbs, K. R.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Mckee, J. M.; Higuchi, M.; Bushnell, P. J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bushnell, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Bushnell.philip@epa.gov NR 49 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 EI 1872-9738 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 47 BP 114 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.11.008 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA CA5NL UT WOS:000348955000013 PM 25445728 ER PT J AU Morgan, M Jones, P Sobus, J AF Morgan, Marsha Jones, Paul Sobus, Jon TI Short-Term Variability and Predictors of Urinary Pentachlorophenol Levels in Ohio Preschool Children SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; urine; children; determinants; phenol; home; daycare center ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; INDOOR AIR; DAY-CARE; AGGREGATE EXPOSURES; PESTICIDES; DUST; ENVIRONMENT; POPULATION; RESIDUES; DIAZINON AB Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant. No published data exist on the temporal variability or important predictors of urinary PCP concentrations in young children. In this further analysis of study data, we have examined the associations between selected sociodemographic or lifestyle factors and urinary PCP concentrations in 115 preschool children over a 48-h period and assessed the 48-hour variability of urinary PCP levels in a subset of 15 children. Monitoring was performed at 115 homes and 16 daycares in Ohio (USA) in 2001. Questionnaires/diaries and spot urine samples were collected from each child. The median urinary PCP level was 0.8 ng/mL (range < 0.2-23.8 ng/mL). The intraclass correlation coefficient for urinary PCP was 0.42, which indicates fairly low reliability for a single sample over a 48-h period. In a multiple regression model, age of home and ln(creatinine levels) were significant predictors and sampling season, time spent outside, and pet ownership were marginally significant predictors of ln(urinary PCP levels), collectively explaining 29% of the variability of PCP in urine. To adequately assess short-term exposures of children to PCP, several spot urine measurements are likely needed as well as information regarding residence age, seasonality, time spent outdoors, and pet ownership. C1 [Morgan, Marsha; Jones, Paul; Sobus, Jon] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Morgan, M (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM morgan.marsha@epa.gov; jones.paul-a@epa.gov; sobus.jon@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development [68-D-99-011] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under Contract #68-D-99-011 to Battelle. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD JAN PY 2015 VL 12 IS 1 BP 800 EP 815 DI 10.3390/ijerph120100800 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AZ7MP UT WOS:000348403300047 PM 25594782 ER PT J AU Sickles, JE Shadwick, DS AF Sickles, J. E., II Shadwick, D. S. TI Air quality and atmospheric deposition in the eastern US: 20 years of change SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DRY DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; TRENDS-NETWORK; PARTICULATE SULFATE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; MULTILAYER MODEL; AEROSOL NITRATE; SULFUR; EMISSIONS; FORESTS AB Data collected in the eastern US between 1990 and 2009 at 34 paired dry and wet monitoring sites are examined. A goal is to evaluate the air quality impacts occurring between 1990 and 2009 that are associated with concurrent legislatively mandated changes in emissions. Four 5-year periods, 1990-1994 (P1), 1995-1999 (P2), 2000-2004 (P3), and 2005-2009 (P4) are considered, with a primary focus on P1-to-P4 changes. Results suggest that legislatively mandated air pollution mitigation strategies have been successful in improving air quality and reducing atmospheric deposition in the eastern US. Respective P1-to-P4 reductions of estimated sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions in the eastern US are 50 and 42 %. Corresponding behavior of the following metrics associated with these emissions reductions is examined: monitored atmospheric concentrations of SO2, aerosol sulfate (SO4), and oxidized sulfur (S); dry, wet, and total deposition of S; monitored atmospheric concentrations of nitric acid (HNO3), aerosol nitrate (NO3), and their sum, oxidized nitrogen (OxN); dry, wet, and total deposition of OxN; monitored atmospheric concentration of aerosol ammonium (NH4); dry, wet, and total deposition of NH4; summed monitored atmospheric concentration of oxidized and reduced nitrogen (N); dry, wet, and total deposition of N; wet deposition of hydrogen ion (H+); monitored atmospheric concentration of ozone (O-3); dry deposition of O-3; and the summed monitored atmospheric concentration of aerosol NO3, SO4, and NH4 (Clean Air Status and Trends Network particulate matter - CASTNET PM). Other metrics (e.g., ratios of dry to total deposition) are also considered. Selected period-to-period changes of air quality and deposition metrics at site, regional, and seasonal scales are discussed. As an example, despite P1-to-P3 reductions in estimated emissions of both SO2 and NOx, aerosol NO3 concentration increased in the east, with widespread wintertime numerical increases in both aerosol NO3 concentration and CASTNET PM. However, a reversal of this behavior is associated with continuing P3-to-P4 reductions of SO2 and NOx emissions. Thus, additional P3-to-P4 reductions of these emissions, especially NOx, appear to have made progress in altering the chemical regime of the wintertime eastern US atmosphere so that future emissions reductions and their resulting reductions in aerosol concentrations may no longer be accompanied by sub-linear changes (or actual increases) in CASTNET PM. C1 [Sickles, J. E., II] US EPA, Landscape Characterizat Branch, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Shadwick, D. S.] Comp Sci Corp, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Sickles, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Landscape Characterizat Branch, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sickles.joseph@epa.gov FU US EPA through its Office of Research and Development [GS-35F-4381G, BPA0775, 1521, TDD 2-5] FX The US EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and partially performed the research described here under contract GS-35F-4381G, BPA0775, Task Order 1521, TDD 2-5, to CSC Corporation. This manuscript has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 61 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 173 EP 197 DI 10.5194/acp-15-173-2015 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ0TQ UT WOS:000347958200011 ER PT J AU Bal-Price, A Crofton, KM Sachana, M Shafer, TJ Behl, M Forsby, A Hargreaves, A Landesmann, B Lein, PJ Louisse, J Monnet-Tschudi, F Paini, A Rolaki, A Schrattenholz, A Sunol, C van Thriel, C Whelan, M Fritsche, E AF Bal-Price, Anna Crofton, Kevin M. Sachana, Magdalini Shafer, Timothy J. Behl, Mamta Forsby, Anna Hargreaves, Alan Landesmann, Brigitte Lein, Pamela J. Louisse, Jochem Monnet-Tschudi, Florianne Paini, Alicia Rolaki, Alexandra Schrattenholz, Andre Sunol, Cristina van Thriel, Christoph Whelan, Maurice Fritsche, Ellen TI Putative adverse outcome pathways relevant to neurotoxicity SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE adverse outcome pathway; in vitro testing; key events; molecular initiating event; pathways of neurotoxicity; predictive toxicology ID POSTOPERATIVE COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR BINDING; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ALTERNATIVE METHODS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MATURE HIPPOCAMPUS; PROGENITOR CELLS; ANIMAL-MODELS AB The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework provides a template that facilitates understanding of complex biological systems and the pathways of toxicity that result in adverse outcomes (AOs). The AOP starts with an molecular initiating event (MIE) in which a chemical interacts with a biological target(s), followed by a sequential series of KEs, which are cellular, anatomical, and/or functional changes in biological processes, that ultimately result in an AO manifest in individual organisms and populations. It has been developed as a tool for a knowledge-based safety assessment that relies on understanding mechanisms of toxicity, rather than simply observing its adverse outcome. A large number of cellular and molecular processes are known to be crucial to proper development and function of the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). However, there are relatively few examples of well-documented pathways that include causally linked MIEs and KEs that result in adverse outcomes in the CNS or PNS. As a first step in applying the AOP framework to adverse health outcomes associated with exposure to exogenous neurotoxic substances, the EU Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM) organized a workshop (March 2013, Ispra, Italy) to identify potential AOPs relevant to neurotoxic and developmental neurotoxic outcomes. Although the AOPs outlined during the workshop are not fully described, they could serve as a basis for further, more detailed AOP development and evaluation that could be useful to support human health risk assessment in a variety of ways. C1 [Bal-Price, Anna; Sachana, Magdalini; Landesmann, Brigitte; Louisse, Jochem; Paini, Alicia; Rolaki, Alexandra; Whelan, Maurice] European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, Ispra, Italy. [Crofton, Kevin M.; Shafer, Timothy J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Behl, Mamta] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Forsby, Anna] Stockholm Univ, Arrhenius Labs NaturalSci, Dept Neurochem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Forsby, Anna] Swedish Toxicol Sci Res Ctr, Swetox, Sodertalje, Sweden. [Hargreaves, Alan] Nottingham Trent Univ, Nottingham, England. [Lein, Pamela J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Monnet-Tschudi, Florianne] Univ Lausanne, Dept Physiol, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Monnet-Tschudi, Florianne] Univ Lausanne, SCAHT, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Schrattenholz, Andre] ProteoSys AG, Mainz, Germany. [Sunol, Cristina] CIBERESP, IDIBAPS, IIBB CSIC, Inst Invest Biomed Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [van Thriel, Christoph] IfADo Leibniz Res Ctr Working Environm & Human Fa, Dortmund, Germany. [Fritsche, Ellen] IUF Leibniz Res Inst Environm Med, Dusseldorf, Germany. RP Bal-Price, A (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, Syst Toxicol Unit,EURL ECVAM, TP 580,Via Fermi 1, I-21026 Ispra, VA, Italy. EM anna.price@jrc.ec.europa RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Forsby, Anna/0000-0001-6298-201X; Cristina, Sunol/0000-0001-9367-8483; Hargreaves, Alan/0000-0001-9754-5477 FU European Commission FX The employment affiliation of the authors is shown on the cover page. The authors have sole responsibility for the writing and content of this paper. The contributing authors were participants of the workshop organized by the EURL ECVAM. The external workshop participants were invited on the basis of a survey performed by EURL ECVAM neurotoxicity experts of the latest literature to identify those with specific expertise in the relevant research fields. The workshop organization was financially supported by the European Commission, including the cost of travelling and per diem of all invited external experts. The strategy for preparing the report, the literature selected for review, the conclusions drawn and the recommendations made are exclusively the collective scientific output of the workshop participants and do not necessarily represent the views of the participants' employers. NR 66 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1040-8444 EI 1547-6898 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 45 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.3109/10408444.2014.981331 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AZ4NN UT WOS:000348199100005 PM 25605028 ER PT J AU Nixon, SW Oczkowski, AJ Pilson, MEQ Fields, L Oviatt, CA Hunt, CW AF Nixon, Scott W. Oczkowski, Autumn J. Pilson, Michael E. Q. Fields, Lindsey Oviatt, Candace A. Hunt, Christopher W. TI On the Response of pH to Inorganic Nutrient Enrichment in Well-Mixed Coastal Marine Waters SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Coastal acidification; pH; Nutrient enrichment; Eutrophication; Mesocosms; Narragansett Bay ID ORGANIC-CARBON BALANCE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; NARRAGANSETT BAY; ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; EUTROPHICATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; CO2; SALINITY; GROWTH; ESTUARINE AB Recent concerns about declining pH in the surface ocean in response to anthropogenic increases of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere have raised the question of how this declining baseline of oceanic pH might interact with the much larger diel and seasonal variations of pH in coastal marine ecosystems. Nutrient enrichment, which can amplify both production and respiration, has the potential to reduce or exacerbate the impacts of ocean acidification in coastal waters. Here, we present results from a multi-year experiment in which replicate phytoplankton-based mesocosms with a 5-m deep well-mixed water column (salinity = 27-31) and intact benthic community were exposed to a gradient in daily inorganic nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and silica (Si) addition. We show that the response of water column pH to nutrient enrichment was the greatest during the autotrophic winter-spring period, and there was no significant decline in pH across treatments during the heterotrophic summer-fall period. We believe that the differences in response lie in the seasonal cycles of production and respiration, where spring production peaks are large and discrete, and respiration is more temperature-driven but occurs diffusely throughout the year. The observed basification associated with enhanced nutrient inputs may have consequences for phytoplankton community structure, some species of submersed aquatic vegetation, cycling of Si, and perhaps other ecological processes. C1 [Nixon, Scott W.; Pilson, Michael E. Q.; Fields, Lindsey; Oviatt, Candace A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Oczkowski, Autumn J.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Hunt, Christopher W.] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Oczkowski, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM oczkowski.autumn@epa.gov OI Hunt, Christopher/0000-0001-8061-4560 FU Environmental Protection Agency Centers Program [807795-02, 810265-01]; NSF [12010, OCE851447]; US Environmental Protection Agency FX The observations described in this manuscript were discovered by S. Nixon. He began writing the text of the manuscript and, after his untimely death, his coauthors completed the manuscript and published it posthumously in his honor. We would like to thank the scientists and technicians who worked on the MERL mesocosm experiments, and upon whose careful measurements, this manuscript is based. We are grateful to Alana Hanson for some statistical support. The MERL nutrient addition experiment was supported by the Environmental Protection Agency Centers Program, Cooperative Agreements 807795-02 and 810265-01. Support for this work was also partially provided by the NSF Awards 12010 and OCE851447. This is ORD tracking number ORD-003895 of the Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to Agency review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2015 VL 38 IS 1 BP 232 EP 241 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9805-6 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY6MM UT WOS:000347680300019 ER PT J AU Russell, M Greening, H AF Russell, Marc Greening, Holly TI Estimating Benefits in a Recovering Estuary: Tampa Bay, Florida SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem goods; Tampa Bay; Estuarine valuation; Habitat restoration; Water quality ID MANGROVE SEDIMENTS; INORGANIC NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; WATER-QUALITY; DENITRIFICATION; SEAGRASS; EUTROPHICATION; FLUXES; CARBON; REDUCTIONS AB Restoration and preservation of riparian forests and coastal marshes provides nutrient removal and other biochemical and physical functions which may preclude, reduce, or delay the need for additional water treatment, while also protecting human health. We examined the ecosystem goods and related potential cost savings for the Tampa Bay community from seagrass expansion (more than 3,100 ha since 1990), coastal marsh, and mangrove restoration/recovery (more than 600 ha since 1990), and habitat that has been maintained or preserved. Habitats in and around Tampa Bay provide nutrient reductions equivalent to just over US$22 million per year in avoided wastewater treatment plant costs. Future accrual of value associated with maintaining the ecosystem good of usable clean water could rapidly increase to as high as similar to US$ 3 billion per year, when one takes into account the additional costs of water treatment and storm water diversion infrastructure that is likely as the region's population continues to grow. There is additional value accrual close to a quarter million dollars per year based on avoided social costs to the global community due to greenhouse gases sequestered by bay habitats. Most human beneficiaries associated with the maintenance of usable clean water in Tampa Bay are part of the surrounding regional community. The large current and future cost savings for the community surrounding Tampa Bay and additional benefits for the global community speak to the value of maintaining a healthy bay through past and continued restoration and preservation efforts. C1 [Russell, Marc] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32563 USA. [Greening, Holly] Tampa Bay Estuary Program, Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Russell, M (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32563 USA. EM Russell.Marc@epamail.epa.gov NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 69 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2015 VL 38 SU 1 BP S9 EP S18 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9662-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AZ0TE UT WOS:000347956700002 ER PT J AU Teisl, MF McCoy, S Marrinan, S Noblet, CL Johnson, T Wibberly, M Roper, R Klein, S AF Teisl, Mario F. McCoy, Shannon Marrinan, Sarah Noblet, Caroline L. Johnson, Teresa Wibberly, Megan Roper, Robert Klein, Sharon TI Will Offshore Energy Face "Fair Winds and Following Seas"?: Understanding the Factors Influencing Offshore Wind Acceptance SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Offshore wind power; Public acceptance ID PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE; POWER PROJECTS; ATTITUDES; TURBINES; FARMS AB Most offshore energy studies have focused on measuring or explaining people's perceptions of, and reactions to, specific installations. However, there are two different types of acceptance: one surrounds the siting of projects while the other surrounds a more general acceptance of offshore energy. Understanding what drives this second type of acceptance is important as governments have implemented new financial incentives and policies to support renewable energy development; however, citizens and government officials may be increasingly opposed to some of these support mechanisms. Our paper fills a void in the literature by using regression approaches to better understand how people's evaluations of the benefits and costs of offshore wind impact their level of general acceptance for offshore wind, while controlling for other factors (e.g., demographics). This analysis should help policy makers, and individuals attempting to educate the general public about renewable energy, to better understand the important factors influencing people's support or opposition to offshore wind energy initiatives. C1 [Teisl, Mario F.; Noblet, Caroline L.; Klein, Sharon] Univ Maine, Sch Econ, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [McCoy, Shannon] Univ Maine, Dept Psychol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Marrinan, Sarah] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Johnson, Teresa] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Wibberly, Megan] Isl Inst, Rockland, ME 04841 USA. [Roper, Robert] Univ Maine Augusta, Business Adm, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Teisl, MF (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Econ, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM teisl@maine.edu OI teisl, mario/0000-0002-2021-9208 FU Maine Sustainability Solutions Initiative; National Science Foundation [EPS-0904155]; Maine Agriculture and Forest Experiment Station FX Funding was provided by the Maine Sustainability Solutions Initiative, the National Science Foundation Grant EPS-0904155 to Maine EPSCoR at the University of Maine, and the Maine Agriculture and Forest Experiment Station. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2015 VL 38 SU 1 BP S279 EP S286 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9777-6 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AZ0TE UT WOS:000347956700023 ER PT J AU Yoskowitz, D Russell, M AF Yoskowitz, David Russell, Marc TI Human Dimensions of Our Estuaries and Coasts SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE C1 [Yoskowitz, David] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Harte Res Inst, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Russell, Marc] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Yoskowitz, D (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Harte Res Inst, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM david.yoskowitz@tamucc.edu NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2015 VL 38 SU 1 BP S1 EP S8 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9926-y PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AZ0TE UT WOS:000347956700001 ER PT J AU Briskin, J AF Briskin, Jeanne TI Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing for Oil and Gas on Drinking Water Resources SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Water, Engn & Anal Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Briskin, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Engn & Anal Div, 1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Briskin.Jeanne@epa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 19 EP 21 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1EA UT WOS:000347981800006 PM 25713827 ER PT J AU Brown, JS AF Brown, James S. TI Nitrogen dioxide exposure and airway responsiveness in individuals with asthma SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; airway responsiveness; asthma; nitrogen dioxide ID EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE; INHALED ALLERGEN; BRONCHIAL RESPONSIVENESS; AMBIENT LEVEL; PROVOKED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; DEEP INSPIRATION; CASE-CROSSOVER; METHACHOLINE AB Controlled human exposure studies evaluating the effect of inhaled nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on the inherent responsiveness of the airways to challenge by broncho-constricting agents have had mixed results. In general, existing meta-analyses show statistically significant effects of NO2 on the airway responsiveness of individuals with asthma. However, no meta-analysis has provided a comprehensive assessment of the clinical relevance of changes in airway responsiveness, the potential for methodological biases in the original papers, and the distribution of responses. This paper provides analyses showing that a statistically significant fraction (i.e. 70% of individuals with asthma exposed to NO2 at rest) experience increases in airway responsiveness following 30-min exposures to NO2 in the range of 200 to 300 ppb and following 60-min exposures to 100 ppb. The distribution of changes in airway responsiveness is log-normally distributed with a median change of 0.75 (provocative dose following NO2 divided by provocative dose following filtered air exposure) and geometric standard deviation of 1.88. About a quarter of the exposed individuals experience a clinically relevant reduction in their provocative dose due to NO2 relative to air exposure. The fraction experiencing an increase in responsiveness was statistically significant and robust to exclusion of individual studies. Results showed minimal change in airway responsiveness for individuals exposed to NO2 during exercise. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Brown, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Brown.James@epa.gov NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 EI 1091-7691 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.3109/08958378.2014.979960 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AZ3QN UT WOS:000348141900001 PM 25431034 ER PT J AU Perez, CM Hazari, MS Ledbetter, AD Haykal-Coates, N Carll, AP Cascio, WE Winsett, DW Costa, DL Farraj, AK AF Perez, Christina M. Hazari, Mehdi S. Ledbetter, Allen D. Haykal-Coates, Najwa Carll, Alex P. Cascio, Wayne E. Winsett, Darrell W. Costa, Daniel L. Farraj, Aimen K. TI Acrolein inhalation alters arterial blood gases and triggers carotid body-mediated cardiovascular responses in hypertensive rats SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acrolein; blood pressure; carotid body; pO(2); spontaneously hypertensive rat ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; AIR-POLLUTION; OXYGEN-SATURATION; EXPOSURE; SMOKE; HYPOXIA; STRESS; BODIES AB Context: Air pollution exposure affects autonomic function, heart rate, blood pressure and left ventricular function. While the mechanism for these effects is uncertain, several studies have reported that air pollution exposure modifies activity of the carotid body, the major organ that senses changes in arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, and elicits downstream changes in autonomic control and cardiac function. Objective: We hypothesized that exposure to acrolein, an unsaturated aldehyde and mucosal irritant found in cigarette smoke and diesel exhaust, would activate the carotid body chemoreceptor response and lead to secondary cardiovascular responses in rats. Materials and methods: Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats were exposed once for 3 h to 3 ppm acrolein gas or filtered air in whole body plethysmograph chambers. To determine if the carotid body mediated acrolein-induced cardiovascular responses, rats were pretreated with an inhibitor of cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), an enzyme essential for carotid body signal transduction. Results: Acrolein exposure induced several cardiovascular effects. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure increased during exposure, while cardiac contractility decreased 1 day after exposure. The cardiovascular effects were associated with decreases in pO(2), breathing frequency and expiratory time, and increases in sympathetic tone during exposure followed by parasympathetic dominance after exposure. The CSE inhibitor prevented the cardiovascular effects of acrolein exposure. Discussion and conclusion: Pretreatment with the CSE inhibitor prevented the cardiovascular effects of acrolein, suggesting that the cardiovascular responses with acrolein may be mediated by carotid body-triggered changes in autonomic tone. (This abstract does not reflect EPA policy.) C1 [Perez, Christina M.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hazari, Mehdi S.; Ledbetter, Allen D.; Cascio, Wayne E.; Winsett, Darrell W.; Farraj, Aimen K.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Haykal-Coates, Najwa] US EPA, Biostatt & Bioinformat Res Core Unit, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Carll, Alex P.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Costa, Daniel L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Perez, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM clamb@email.unc.edu OI Carll, Alex/0000-0003-1832-3070 FU EPA/UNC Toxicology Training Agreement [CR-83515201-0] FX This work was supported by the EPA/UNC Toxicology Training Agreement [CR-83515201-0 to C.M.P. and A.P.C.]. The funding sources had no involvement in this work, and all authors report no declaration of interest. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 EI 1091-7691 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 27 IS 1 BP 54 EP 63 DI 10.3109/08958378.2014.984881 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AZ3QN UT WOS:000348141900004 PM 25600140 ER PT J AU Ge, Y Bruno, M Wallace, K Leavitt, S Andrews, D Spassova, MA Xi, MY Roy, A Haykal-Coates, N Lefew, W Swank, A Winnik, WM Chen, C Woodard, J Farraj, A Teichman, KY Ross, JA AF Ge, Yue Bruno, Maribel Wallace, Kathleen Leavitt, Sharon Andrews, Debora Spassova, Maria A. Xi, Mingyu Roy, Anindya Haykal-Coates, Najwa Lefew, William Swank, Adam Winnik, Witold M. Chen, Chao Woodard, Jonne Farraj, Aimen Teichman, Kevin Y. Ross, Jeffrey A. TI Systematic Proteomic Approach to Characterize the Impacts of Chemical Interactions on Protein and Cytotoxicity Responses to Metal Mixture Exposures SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chemical interactions; dose response; mixture toxicity; chemical mixtures; risk assessment; proteomics; cytotoxicity; metals; systems biology ID TOXICITY; CELLS; NICKEL AB Chemical interactions have posed a big challenge in toxicity characterization and human health risk assessment of environmental mixtures. To characterize the impacts of chemical interactions on protein and cytotoxicity responses to environmental mixtures, we established a systems biology approach integrating proteomics, bioinformatics, statistics, and computational toxicology to measure expression or phosphorylation levels of 21 critical toxicity pathway regulators and 445 downstream proteins in human BEAS-2B cells treated with 4 concentrations of nickel, 2 concentrations each of cadmium and chromium, as well as 12 defined binary and 8 defined ternary mixtures of these metals in vitro. Multivariate statistical analysis and mathematical modeling of the metal-mediated proteomic response patterns showed a high correlation between changes in protein expression or phosphorylation and cellular toxic responses to both individual metals and metal mixtures. Of the identified correlated proteins, only a small set of proteins including HIF-1 alpha is likely to be responsible for selective cytotoxic responses to different metals and metals mixtures. Furthermore, support vector machine learning was utilized to computationally predict protein responses to uncharacterized metal mixtures using experimentally generated protein response profiles corresponding to known metal mixtures. This study provides a novel proteomic approach for characterization and prediction of toxicities of metal and other chemical mixtures. C1 [Ge, Yue; Bruno, Maribel; Wallace, Kathleen; Leavitt, Sharon; Andrews, Debora; Haykal-Coates, Najwa; Lefew, William; Swank, Adam; Winnik, Witold M.; Woodard, Jonne; Farraj, Aimen; Ross, Jeffrey A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Spassova, Maria A.; Chen, Chao] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Teichman, Kevin Y.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Xi, Mingyu; Roy, Anindya] Univ Maryland, Dept Stat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ge, Y (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM ge.yue@epa.gov OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 FU Pathfinder Innovation Project (PIP) from Office of Research and Development ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was supported by the Pathfinder Innovation Project (PIP) from Office of Research and Development ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We acknowledge all of the support provided by Peter Preuss and the innovation team, ORD. We also thank Drs. Andrew Kligerman, Julian Preston, and Mehdi Hazari for their very helpful comments on this manuscript and Alan Tennant for his assistance on the apoptosis imaging. The information in this document has been funded wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 EI 1535-3907 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 14 IS 1 BP 183 EP 192 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AY3UA UT WOS:000347506600016 PM 25285964 ER PT J AU Kapoor, V Pitkanen, T Ryu, H Elk, M Wendell, D Domingo, JWS AF Kapoor, Vikram Pitkaenen, Tarja Ryu, Hodon Elk, Michael Wendell, David Domingo, Jorge W. Santo TI Distribution of Human-Specific Bacteroidales and Fecal Indicator Bacteria in an Urban Watershed Impacted by Sewage Pollution, Determined Using RNA-and DNA-Based Quantitative PCR Assays SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CONTAMINATION; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITY; QPCR; ENVIRONMENTS; ENTEROCOCCUS AB The identification of fecal pollution sources is commonly carried out using DNA-based methods. However, there is evidence that DNA can be associated with dead cells or present as "naked DNA" in the environment. Furthermore, it has been shown that rRNA-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays can be more sensitive than rRNA gene-based qPCR assays since metabolically active cells usually contain higher numbers of ribosomes than quiescent cells. To this end, we compared the detection frequency of host-specific markers and fecal bacteria using RNA-based RT-qPCR and DNA-based qPCR methods for water samples collected in sites impacted by combined sewer overflows. As a group, fecal bacteria were more frequently detected in most sites using RNA-based methods. Specifically, 8, 87, and 85% of the samples positive for general enterococci, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium markers, respectively, were detected using RT-qPCR, but not with the qPCR assay counterpart. On average, two human-specific Bacteroidales markers were not detected when using DNA in 12% of the samples, while they were positive for all samples when using RNA (cDNA) as the template. Moreover, signal intensity was up to three orders of magnitude higher in RT-qPCR assays than in qPCR assays. The human-specific Bacteroidales markers exhibited moderate correlation with conventional fecal indicators using RT-qPCR results, suggesting the persistence of nonhuman sources of fecal pollution or the presence of false-positive signals. In general, the results from this study suggest that RNA-based assays can increase the detection sensitivity of fecal bacteria in urban watersheds impacted with human fecal sources. C1 [Kapoor, Vikram; Ryu, Hodon; Elk, Michael] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Kapoor, Vikram; Wendell, David] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biomed Chem & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Pitkaenen, Tarja] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Water & Hlth Unit, Kuopio, Finland. [Pitkaenen, Tarja; Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Domingo, JWS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wendeldw@uc.edu; santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov RI Pitkanen, Tarja/D-1657-2014 OI Pitkanen, Tarja/0000-0002-7591-9148 FU University Research Council fellowship at University of Cincinnati; Osk. Huttunen Foundation; National Research Council; Metropolitan Sewer District of Greater Cincinnati (Cincinnati, OH); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development; Finnish Cultural Foundation; University of Eastern Finland FX V.K. was funded by a University Research Council fellowship at University of Cincinnati. T.P. was supported by research grants from the Osk. Huttunen Foundation, the Finnish Cultural Foundation, and the University of Eastern Finland. H.R. was the recipient of a National Research Council fellowship. This research was in part funded by Metropolitan Sewer District of Greater Cincinnati (Cincinnati, OH). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, provided funds and collaborated in the research described here. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 81 IS 1 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1128/AEM.02446-14 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AY1TZ UT WOS:000347376200011 PM 25326295 ER PT J AU Chu, DA Ferrare, R Szykman, J Lewis, J Scarino, A Hains, J Burton, S Chen, G Tsai, T Hostetler, C Hair, J Holben, B Crawford, J AF Chu, D. Allen Ferrare, Richard Szykman, James Lewis, Jasper Scarino, Amy Hains, Jennifer Burton, Sharon Chen, Gao Tsai, Tzuchin Hostetler, Chris Hair, Johnathan Holben, Brent Crawford, James TI Regional characteristics of the relationship between columnar AOD and surface PM2.5: Application of lidar aerosol extinction profiles over Baltimore-Washington Corridor during DISCOVER-AQ SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE DISCOVER-AQ; Baltimore-Washington Corridor; HSRL; MPLNET; DRAGON; AERONET; MODIS; ADD; Aerosol mixing layer; Haze layer height; PM2.5 ID BOUNDARY-LAYER DEPTH; OPTICAL DEPTH; AIR-QUALITY; PARTICULATE; MODIS; POLLUTION; URBAN; LAND; VALIDATION; THICKNESS AB The first field campaign of DISCOVER-AQ (Deriving Information on Surface conditions from COlumn and VERtically resolved observations relevant to Air Quality) took place in July 2011 over Baltimore-Washington Corridor (BWC). A suite of airborne remote sensing and in-situ sensors was deployed along with ground networks for mapping vertical and horizontal distribution of aerosols. Previous researches were based on a single lidar station because of the lack of regional coverage. This study uses the unique airborne HSRL (High Spectral Resolution Lidar) data to baseline PM2.5 (particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 mu m) estimates and applies to regional air quality with satellite AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) retrievals over BWC (similar to 6500 km(2)). The linear approximation takes into account aerosols aloft above AML (Aerosol Mixing Layer) by normalizing AOD with haze layer height (i.e., AOD/HLH). The estimated PM2.5 mass concentrations by HSRL AOD/FILH are shown within 2 RMSE (Root Mean Square Error similar to 9.6 mu g/m(3)) with correlation similar to 0.88 with the observed over BWC. Similar statistics are shown when applying HLH data from a single location over the distance of 100 km. In other words, a single lidar is feasible to cover the range of 100 km with expected uncertainties. The employment of MPLNET-AERONET (MicroPulse Lidar NETwork - AErosol RObotic NETwork) measurements at NASA GSFC produces similar statistics of PM2.5 estimates as those derived by HSRL. The synergy of active and passive remote sensing aerosol measurements provides the foundation for satellite application of air quality on a daily basis. For the optimal range of 10 km, the MODIS-estimated PM2.5 values are found satisfactory at 27 (out of 36) sunphotometer locations with mean RMSE of 1.6-3.3 mu g/m(3) relative to PM2.5 estimated by sunphotometers. The remaining 6 of 8 marginal sites are found in the coastal zone, for which associated large RMSE values similar to 4.5-7.8 mu g/m(3) are most likely due to overestimated AOD because of water-contaminated pixels. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chu, D. Allen; Lewis, Jasper] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Chu, D. Allen; Lewis, Jasper; Holben, Brent] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ferrare, Richard; Szykman, James; Scarino, Amy; Burton, Sharon; Chen, Gao; Hostetler, Chris; Hair, Johnathan; Crawford, James] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Szykman, James] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hains, Jennifer] Maryland Dept Environm, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Tsai, Tzuchin] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tsai, Tzuchin] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Chu, DA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, JCET UMBC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM allen.chu@nasa.gov RI Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015 FU NASA DISCOVER-AQ [NNX10AR41G]; NASA Air Now [NNX11A176G] FX We would like to thank HSRL and LARGE teams for acquiring and processing measurements during DISCOVER-AQ field campaign in July 2011 as well as AERONET/DRAGON and MPLNET teams for processing sunphotometer and micro-pulse lidar data. Thanks especially go to Maryland Department of Environment for providing hourly PM2.5 and meteorological measurements. We would also like to thank MODIS aerosol team and MODAP for processing MODIS AOD retrievals. The development of the methodology and the analysis of multiple-sensor data products are performed under the NASA grants DISCOVER-AQ (NNX10AR41G) and Air Now (NNX11A176G). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as official U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 101 BP 338 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.034 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ1SB UT WOS:000348017000034 ER PT J AU Zhao, HB Peddada, SD Cui, XP AF Zhao, Haibing Peddada, Shyamal D. Cui, Xinping TI Mixed directional false discovery rate control in multiple pairwise comparisons using weighted p-values SO BIOMETRICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Multiple Comparison Procedures (MCP2013) CY JUL 08-11, 2013 CL Univ Southampton, Southampton, UNITED KINGDOM HO Univ Southampton DE Benjamini Hochberg procedure; Microarray; Mixed directional false discovery rate; Multiple pairwise comparison; Weighted p-value ID LIVER-CANCER; ACETAMINOPHEN; PROPORTION; LANDSCAPE; TUMORS; NULL AB In many applications, researchers are interested in making q pairwise comparisons among k test groups on the basis of m outcome variables. Often, m is very large. For example, such situations arise in gene expression microarray studies involving several experimental groups. Researchers are often not only interested in identifying differentially expressed genes between a given pair of experimental groups, but are also interested in making directional inferences such as whether a gene is up-or downregulated in one treatment group relative to another. In such situations, in addition to the usual errors such as false positive (Type I error) and false negative (Type II error), one may commit directional error (Type III error). For example, in a dose response microarray study, a gene may be declared to be upregulated in the high dose group compared to the low dose group when it is not. In this paper, we introduce a mixed directional false discovery rate (mdFDR) controlling procedure using weighted p-values to select positives in different directions. The weights are defined as the inverse of two times the proportion of either positive or negative discoveries. The proposed procedure has been proved mathematically to control the mdFDR at level a and to have a larger power (which is defined as the expected proportion of nontrue null hypotheses) than the GSP10 procedure proposed by Guo et al. (2010). Simulation studies and real data analysis are also conducted to show the outperformance of the proposed procedure than the GSP10 procedure. C1 [Zhao, Haibing] Shanghai Univ Finance & Econ, Sch Stat & Management, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Peddada, Shyamal D.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Cui, Xinping] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Stat, Ctr Plant Cell Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Cui, XP (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Stat, Ctr Plant Cell Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM xinping.cui@ucr.edu FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [11101255]; University of California AES-CE RSAP grant [A01869]; NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES101744-04] FX The research of H.Z. was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [No. 11101255]. The research of XC was supported, in part, by University of California AES-CE RSAP grant [A01869]. The research of SDP was supported, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES101744-04]. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0323-3847 EI 1521-4036 J9 BIOMETRICAL J JI Biom. J. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 57 IS 1 SI SI BP 144 EP 158 DI 10.1002/bimj.201300242 PG 15 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA AY4GO UT WOS:000347536500011 PM 25410394 ER PT J AU Shumchenia, EJ Pelletier, MC Cicchetti, G Davies, S Pesch, CE Deacutis, CF Pryor, M AF Shumchenia, Emily J. Pelletier, Marguerite C. Cicchetti, Giancarlo Davies, Susan Pesch, Carol E. Deacutis, Christopher F. Pryor, Margherita TI A Biological Condition Gradient Model for Historical Assessment of Estuarine Habitat Structure SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biological condition gradient; Biological assessment; Biological indicators; Habitat; Resource-based management; Stressors ID BASE-LINE SYNDROME; NARRAGANSETT BAY; RHODE-ISLAND; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; COASTAL; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; IMPACTS; TEMPERATURE; NUTRIENTS AB Coastal ecosystems are affected by ever-increasing natural and human pressures. Because the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics unique to estuarine ecosystems control the ways that biological resources respond to ecosystem stressors, we present a flexible and adaptable biological assessment method for estuaries. The biological condition gradient (BCG) is a scientific framework of biological response to increasing anthropogenic stress that is comprehensive and ecosystem based and evaluates environmental conditions and the status of ecosystem services in order to identify, communicate, and prioritize management action. Using existing data, we constructed the first estuarine BCG framework that examines changes in habitat structure through time. Working in a New England (U.S.) estuary with a long history of human influence, we developed an approach to define a reference level, which we described as a "minimally disturbed" range of conditions for the ecosystem, anchored by observations before 1850 AD. Like many estuaries in the U.S., the relative importance of environmental stressors changed over time, but even qualitative descriptions of the biological indicators' status provided useful information for defining condition levels. This BCG demonstrated that stressors rarely acted alone and that declines in one biological indicator influenced the declines of others. By documenting the biological responses to cumulative stressors, the BCG inherently suggests an ecosystem-based approach to management. Additionally, the BCG process initiates thinking over long time scales and can be used to inspire scientists, managers, and the public toward environmental action. C1 [Shumchenia, Emily J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett Bay, RI 02882 USA. [Pelletier, Marguerite C.; Cicchetti, Giancarlo; Pesch, Carol E.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett Bay, RI 02882 USA. [Davies, Susan] Maine Dept Environm Protect, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. [Deacutis, Christopher F.] Rhode Isl Dept Environm Management, Div Fish & Wildlife, Jamestown, RI 02835 USA. [Pryor, Margherita] US EPA, Off Water, Boston, MA 02109 USA. RP Shumchenia, EJ (reprint author), E&C Enviroscape LLC, Ashaway, RI 02804 USA. EM emily.shumchenia@gmail.com FU U.S. EPA Office of Water and Region 1; U.S. EPA FX This work was funded by the U.S. EPA Office of Water and Region 1. Although this research was funded by the U.S. EPA, the views expressed here do not necessarily represent those of the Agency. The authors wish to thank the participants of both BCG workshops held in Narragansett, RI and the numerous groups and individuals who have contributed data regarding the ecology of Narragansett Bay. The ideas and efforts of these individuals created a foundation for the estuarine BCG framework and case study. We would also like to thank P. Bradley, R. McKinney, S. Ayvasian, John Paul, and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful review of this manuscript. This is EPA contribution # ORD-003233. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 55 IS 1 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0401-0 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY7BG UT WOS:000347715600012 PM 25387456 ER PT J AU Rhodes, ER Boczek, LA Ware, MW McKay, M Hoelle, JM Schoen, M Villegas, EN AF Rhodes, Eric R. Boczek, Laura A. Ware, Michael W. McKay, Mary Hoelle, Jill M. Schoen, Mary Villegas, Eric N. TI Determining Pathogen and Indicator Levels in Class B Municipal Organic Residuals Used for Land Application SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; DRINKING-WATER; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; TREATMENT PLANTS; BIOSOLIDS; GIARDIA; CYSTS AB Biosolids are nutrient-rich organic residuals that are currently used to amend soils for food production. Treatment requirements to inactivate pathogens for production of Class A biosolids are energy intensive. One less energy intensive alternative is to treat biosolids to Class B standards, but it could result in higher pathogen loads. Quantitative microbial risk assessments models have been developed on land application of Class B biosolids but contain many uncertainties because of limited data on specific pathogen densities and the use of fecal indicator organisms as accurate surrogates of pathogen loads. To address this gap, a 12-mo study of the levels and relationships between Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and human adenovirus (HAdV) with fecal coliform, somatic, and F-RNA coliphage levels in Class B biosolids from nine wastewater treatment plants throughout the United States was conducted. Results revealed that fecal coliform, somatic, and F-RNA coliphage densities were consistent throughout the year. More important, results revealed that HAdV ((x) over bar = 2.5 x 10(3) genome copies dry g(-1)) and Giardia ((x) over bar = 4.14 x 103 cysts dry g(-1)) were in all biosolids samples regardless of treatment processes, location, or season. Cryptosporidium oocysts were also detected (38% positive; range: 0-1.9 x 103 oocysts dry g(-1)), albeit sporadically. Positive correlations among three fecal indicator organisms and HAdV, but not protozoa, were also observed. Overall, this study reveals that high concentrations of enteric pathogens (e.g., Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and HAdV) are present in biosolids throughout the United States. Microbial densities found can further assist management and policymakers in establishing more accurate risk assessment models associated with land application of Class B biosolids. C1 [Rhodes, Eric R.; Ware, Michael W.; McKay, Mary; Schoen, Mary; Villegas, Eric N.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Boczek, Laura A.; Hoelle, Jill M.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Villegas, EN (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM villegas.eric@epa.gov RI Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015 OI Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX We would like to thank all the POTWs that participated in the study and Chandler Stevens for technical assistance. We also acknowledge Ron Hermann and Carolyn Acheson for their scientific discussions. We would like to thank Asja Korajkic and Mark Meckes for critical review of the manuscript. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Author contributions: ERR, LAB, MS, and ENV conceived and designed the experiments; ERR, LAB, MWW, MM, JMH, ENV performed the experiments and/or collected field samples; ERR, LAB, MWW, MS, and ENV, analyzed the data; ERR, LAB, MWW, MS, and ENV wrote the paper. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 44 IS 1 BP 265 EP 274 DI 10.2134/jeq2014.04.0142 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY8YH UT WOS:000347836100029 PM 25602342 ER PT J AU Rosenbaum, PF Crawford, JA Hunt, A Vesper, SJ Abraham, JL AF Rosenbaum, P. F. Crawford, J. A. Hunt, A. Vesper, S. J. Abraham, J. L. TI Environmental Relative Moldiness Index and Associations with Home Characteristics and Infant Wheeze SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE ERMI; infants; mold; wheeze ID QUANTITATIVE PCR ANALYSIS; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; 1ST YEAR; COHORT; FUNGI; MOLD; PREDICTOR; SYRACUSE; EXPOSURE; RISK AB Possible relationships between mold contamination, as described by the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI), home characteristics, and the development of wheeze in the first year of life were evaluated among a cohort of urban infants (n = 103) in Syracuse, New York. Pregnant women with a history of asthma were recruited in 2001-2002 for the "Assessment of Urban Dwellings for Indoor Toxics" (AUDIT) study. When the infants were approximately 3 months of age, a home inspection was carried out and indoor environmental samples collected, including vacuumed house dust. ERMI levels in the Syracuse cohort homes were higher than the U.S. average, with an overall mean of 11.4. ERMI levels were significantly higher in homes with visible water problems (p = 0.023) and visiblemold (p = 0.023). ERMI levels in apartments were significantly lower than the values measured in houses (p = 0.0003). While infants experiencing wheeze (38%) tended to live in homes with higher ERMI values than those without wheeze (ERMI values of 12.3 and 10.9, respectively), the differences did not reach statistical significance. A subset analysis limited to infants with living room samples who remained in the same home during the study (n = 25) was suggestive of an association between higher ERMI values and wheeze (p = 0.10). In summary, the ERMI is a standardized metric which allows for comparison of moldiness levels in homes across studies and regions in the United States. ERMI levels in Syracuse homes were skewed to the high end of the national scale. Higher ERMI levels were indicators of water problems, mold, and type of housing. C1 [Rosenbaum, P. F.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Crawford, J. A.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Grad Program Environm Sci, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Hunt, A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Vesper, S. J.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Abraham, J. L.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Pathol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Rosenbaum, PF (reprint author), SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, 750 East Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM rosenbap@upstate.edu FU Environmental Protection Agency [GR828605-01-0]; NYSTAR; Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York FX Funding for the original AUDIT study was from the Environmental Protection Agency, Grant # GR828605-01-0. Other sources of funding were NYSTAR and the Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 EI 1545-9632 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 12 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1080/15459624.2014.933958 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AZ1ZJ UT WOS:000348033600004 PM 25068535 ER PT J AU Wahman, DG Speitel, GE AF Wahman, David G. Speitel, Gerald E., Jr. TI Hydroxylamine addition impact to Nitrosomonas europaea activity in the presence of monochloramine SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hydroxylamine; Monochloramine; Drinking water; Nitrification; Nitrosornonas europaea ID MONOAZIDE QUANTITATIVE PCR; LIVE/DEAD BACLIGHT METHODS; DRINKING-WATER CONDITIONS; DISINFECTION KINETICS; CHLORAMINE; NITRIFICATION; INACTIVATION; OXIDATION AB In drinking water, monochloramine may promote ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) growth because of concurrent ammonia presence. AOB use (i) ammonia monooxygenase for biological ammonia oxidation to hydroxylamine and (ii) hydroxylamine oxidoreductase for biological hydroxylamine oxidation to nitrite. In addition, monochloramine and hydroxylamine abiotically react, providing AOB a potential benefit by removing the disinfectant (monochloramine) and releasing growth substrate (ammonia). Alternatively and because biological hydroxylamine oxidation supplies the electrons (reductant) required for biological ammonia oxidation, the monochloramine/hydroxylamine abiotic reaction represents a possible inactivation mechanism by consuming hydroxylamine and inhibiting reductant generation. To investigate the abiotic monochloramine and hydroxylamine reaction's impact on AOB activity, the current study used batch experiments with Nitrosomonas europaea (AOB pure culture), ammonia, monochloramine, and hydroxylamine addition. To decipher whether hydroxylamine addition benefitted N. europaea activity by (i) removing monochloramine and releasing free ammonia or (ii) providing an additional effect (possibly the aforementioned reductant source), a previously developed cometabolism model was coupled with an abiotic monochloramine and hydroxylamine model for data interpretation. N. europaea maintained ammonia oxidizing activity when hydroxylamine was added before complete ammonia oxidation cessation. The impact could not be accounted for by monochloramine removal and free ammonia release alone and was concentration dependent for both monochloramine and hydroxylamine. In addition, a preferential negative impact occurred for ammonia versus hydroxylamine oxidation. These results suggest an additional benefit of exogenous hydroxylamine addition beyond monochloramine removal and free ammonia release, possibly providing reductant generation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wahman, David G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Speitel, Gerald E., Jr.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Wahman, DG (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wahman.david@epa.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 68 BP 719 EP 730 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2014.10.054 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AY7RO UT WOS:000347756900065 PM 25462776 ER PT J AU King, KE Clarke, PJ AF King, Katherine E. Clarke, Philippa J. TI A Disadvantaged Advantage in Walkability: Findings From Socioeconomic and Geographical Analysis of National Built Environment Data in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE built environment; census tracts; health disparities; sociodemographic factors; urban form; walkability ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; AIR-POLLUTION; LAND-USE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTERISTICS; URBAN FORM; DISPARITIES; POPULATIONS; INTERVENTIONS; AVAILABILITY AB Urban form-the structure of the built environment-can influence physical activity, yet little is known about how walkable design differs according to neighborhood sociodemographic composition. We studied how walkable urban form varies by neighborhood sociodemographic composition, region, and urbanicity across the United States. Using linear regression models and 2000-2001 US Census data, we investigated the relationship between 5 neighborhood census characteristics (income, education, racial/ethnic composition, age distribution, and sex) and 5 walkability indicators in almost 65,000 census tracts in 48 states and the District of Columbia. Data on the built environment were obtained from the RAND Corporation's (Santa Monica, California) Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (median block length, street segment, and node density) and the US Geological Survey's National Land Cover Database (proportion open space and proportion highly developed). Disadvantaged neighborhoods and those with more educated residents were more walkable (i.e., shorter block length, greater street node density, more developed land use, and higher density of street segments). However, tracts with a higher proportion of children and older adults were less walkable (fewer street nodes and lower density of street segments), after adjustment for region and level of urbanicity. Research and policy on the walkability-health link should give nuanced attention to the gap between persons living in walkable areas and those for whom walkability has the most to offer. C1 [King, Katherine E.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP King, KE (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM kk183@duke.edu FU Research Participation Program of the Environmental Protection Agency (Office of Research and Development); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [R24 HD041028] FX This work was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program of the Environmental Protection Agency (Office of Research and Development), administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (Oak Ridge, Tennessee) through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency.; We appreciate the use of the services and facilities of the Population Studies Center at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, Michigan), which is supported by Center Grant R24 HD041028 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. NR 89 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 39 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 181 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1093/aje/kwu310 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AY2JF UT WOS:000347414700002 PM 25414159 ER PT J AU King, KE AF King, Katherine E. TI Dr. King Responds to "History of Place, Life Course, and Health Inequalities" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP King, KE (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM kk183@duke.edu NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 181 IS 1 BP 30 EP 31 DI 10.1093/aje/kwu315 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AY2JF UT WOS:000347414700004 PM 25414160 ER PT J AU Buse, HY Lu, JR Ashbolt, NJ AF Buse, Helen Y. Lu, Jingrang Ashbolt, Nicholas J. TI Exposure to Synthetic Gray Water Inhibits Amoeba Encystation and Alters Expression of Legionella pneumophila Virulence Genes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; ON-SITE TREATMENT; ACANTHAMOEBA-CASTELLANII; GREYWATER REUSE; HARTMANNELLA-VERMIFORMIS; RESISTING BACTERIA; DOMESTIC GREYWATER; MICROBIAL QUALITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SECRETION SYSTEM AB Water conservation efforts have focused on gray water (GW) usage, especially for applications that do not require potable water quality. However, there is a need to better understand environmental pathogens and their free-living amoeba (FLA) hosts within GW, given their growth potential in stored gray water. Using synthetic gray water (sGW) we examined three strains of the waterbased pathogen Legionella pneumophila and its FLA hosts Acanthamoeba polyphaga, A. castellanii, and Vermamoeba vermiformis. Exposure to sGW for 72 h resulted in significant inhibition (P < 0.0001) of amoebal encystation versus control-treated cells, with the following percentages of cysts in sGW versus controls: A. polyphaga (0.6 versus 6%), A. castellanii (2 versus 62%), and V. vermiformis (1 versus 92%), suggesting sGW induced maintenance of the actively feeding trophozoite form. During sGW exposure, L. pneumophila culturability decreased as early as 5 h (1.3 to 2.9 log(10) CFU, P < 0.001) compared to controls (Delta 0 to 0.1 log(10) CFU) with flow cytometric analysis revealing immediate changes in membrane permeability. Furthermore, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed on total RNA isolated from L. pneumophila cells at 0 to 48 h after sGW incubation, and genes associated with virulence (gacA, lirR, csrA, pla, and sidF), the type IV secretion system (lvrB and lvrE), and metabolism (ccmF and lolA) were all shown to be differentially expressed. These results suggest that conditions within GW may promote interactions between water-based pathogens and FLA hosts, through amoebal encystment inhibition and alteration of bacterial gene expression, thus warranting further exploration into FLA and L. pneumophila behavior in GW systems. C1 [Buse, Helen Y.] Dynamac Corp, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Lu, Jingrang; Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Buse, HY (reprint author), Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. EM buse.helen@epa.gov NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 81 IS 2 BP 630 EP 639 DI 10.1128/AEM.03394-14 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AY1UL UT WOS:000347377500019 PM 25381242 ER PT J AU Attene-Ramos, MS Huang, RL Michael, S Witt, KL Richard, A Tice, RR Simeonov, A Austin, CP Xia, MH AF Attene-Ramos, Matias S. Huang, Ruili Michael, Sam Witt, Kristine L. Richard, Ann Tice, Raymond R. Simeonov, Anton Austin, Christopher P. Xia, Menghang TI Profiling of the Tox21 Chemical Collection for Mitochondrial Function to Identify Compounds that Acutely Decrease Mitochondrial Membrane Potential SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME-C RELEASE; OXIDATIVE-PHOSPHORYLATION; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; LEUKEMIA-CELLS; DYSFUNCTION; MECHANISM; TOXICITY; APOPTOSIS; BRYOSTATIN-1; CYTOTOXICITY AB BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of disorders including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding whether different environmental chemicals and druglike molecules impact mitochondrial function represents an initial step in predicting exposure-related toxicity and defining a possible role for such compounds in the onset of various diseases. OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify individual chemicals and general structural features associated with changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Methods: We used a multiplexed [two end points in one screen; MMP and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content] quantitative high throughput screening (qHTS) approach combined with informatics tools to screen the Tox21 library of 10,000 compounds (similar to 8,300 unique chemicals) at 15 concentrations each in triplicate to identify chemicals and structural features that are associated with changes in MMP in HepG2 cells. RESULTS: Approximately 11% of the compounds (913 unique compounds) decreased MMP after 1 hr of treatment without affecting cell viability (ATP content). In addition, 309 compounds decreased MMP over a concentration range that also produced measurable cyto-toxicity [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) in MMP assay/IC50 in viability assay <= 3; p < 0.05]. More than 11% of the structural clusters that constitute the Tox21 library (76 of 651 clusters) were significantly enriched for compounds that decreased the MMP. CONCLUSIONS: Our multiplexed qHTS approach allowed us to generate a robust and reliable data set to evaluate the ability of thousands of drugs and environmental compounds to decrease MMP. The use of structure-based clustering analysis allowed us to identify molecular features that are likely responsible for the observed activity. C1 [Attene-Ramos, Matias S.; Huang, Ruili; Michael, Sam; Simeonov, Anton; Austin, Christopher P.; Xia, Menghang] NIH, Natl Ctr Advancing Translat Sci, US Dept HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Witt, Kristine L.; Tice, Raymond R.] NIEHS, Div Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Richard, Ann] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Xia, MH (reprint author), NIH, Natl Ctr Advancing Translat Sci, 9800 Med Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mxia@mail.nih.gov FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/Division of the National Toxicology Program [IAG Y2-ES-7020-01] FX This work was supported through interagency agreement IAG Y2-ES-7020-01 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/Division of the National Toxicology Program to the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 21 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 123 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1289/ehp.1408642 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AY1YF UT WOS:000347385000013 PM 25302578 ER PT J AU Zhang, XS Izaurralde, RC Manowitz, DH Sahajpal, R West, TO Thomson, AM Xu, M Zhao, K LeDuc, SD Williams, JR AF Zhang, Xuesong Izaurralde, Roberto C. Manowitz, David H. Sahajpal, Ritvik West, Tristram O. Thomson, Allison M. Xu, Min Zhao, Kaiguang LeDuc, Stephen D. Williams, Jimmy R. TI Regional scale cropland carbon budgets: Evaluating a geospatial agricultural modeling system using inventory data SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Carbon; Climate change; EPIC; Geospatial modeling; Parallel computing ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT; SOIL CARBON; LONG-TERM; CONTERMINOUS USA; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; LAND-USE; DYNAMICS AB Accurate quantification and clear understanding of regional scale cropland carbon (C) cycling is critical for designing effective policies and management practices that can contribute toward stabilizing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, extrapolating site-scale observations to regional scales represents a major challenge confronting the agricultural modeling community. This study introduces a novel geospatial agricultural modeling system (GAMS) exploring the integration of the mechanistic Environmental Policy Integrated Climate model, spatially-resolved data, surveyed management data, and supercomputing functions for cropland C budgets estimates. This modeling system creates spatially-explicit modeling units at a spatial resolution consistent with remotely-sensed crop identification and assigns cropping systems to each of them by geo-referencing surveyed crop management information at the county or state level. A parallel computing algorithm was also developed to facilitate the computationally intensive model runs and output post-processing and visualization. We evaluated GAMS against National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) reported crop yields and inventory estimated county-scale cropland C budgets averaged over 2000-2008. We observed good overall agreement, with spatial correlation of 0.89, 0.90, 0.41, and 0.87, for crop yields, Net Primary Production (NPP), Soil Organic C (SOC) change, and Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE), respectively. However, we also detected notable differences in the magnitude of NPP and NEE, as well as in the spatial pattern of SOC change. By performing crop-specific annual comparisons, we discuss possible explanations for the discrepancies between GAMS and the inventory method, such as data requirements, representation of agroecosystem processes, completeness and accuracy of crop management data, and accuracy of crop area representation. Based on these analyses, we further discuss strategies to improve GAMS by updating input data and by designing more efficient parallel computing capability to quantitatively assess errors associated with the simulation of C budget components. The modularized design of the GAMS makes it flexible to be updated and adapted for different agricultural models so long as they require similar input data, and to be linked with socio-economic models to understand the effectiveness and implications of diverse C management practices and policies. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Xuesong; Manowitz, David H.; West, Tristram O.; Thomson, Allison M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhang, Xuesong; Manowitz, David H.; West, Tristram O.; Thomson, Allison M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Izaurralde, Roberto C.; Sahajpal, Ritvik] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Xu, Min] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhao, Kaiguang] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [LeDuc, Stephen D.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Izaurralde, Roberto C.; Williams, Jimmy R.] Texas A&M AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Zhang, XS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xuesong.zhang@pnnl.gov RI zhang, xuesong/B-7907-2009; Zhao, Kaiguang/D-1172-2010; OI Xu, Min/0000-0003-3443-0300 FU DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-FC02-07ER64494, KP1601050, DOE EERE OBP 20469-19145]; NASA, North American Carbon Program [NNH12AU03I]; New Investigator Program (NIP) [NNH13ZDA001N] FX We sincerely appreciate the valuable comments provided by the three anonymous reviewers, which have greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. This work was partially funded by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-FC02-07ER64494, DOE BER Office of Science KP1601050, DOE EERE OBP 20469-19145), and NASA as part of the North American Carbon Program (NNH12AU03I) and the New Investigator Program (NIP) (NNH13ZDA001N). The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 78 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 63 BP 199 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.10.005 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY1OT UT WOS:000347362900016 ER PT J AU Sengupta, D Mukherjee, R Sikdar, SK AF Sengupta, Debalina Mukherjee, Rajib Sikdar, Subhas K. TI Environmental Sustainability of Countries Using the UN MDG Indicators by Multivariate Statistical Methods SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Aggregate Index Method; Euclidean Distance Method; Partial Least Squares Variable Importance in Projection; United Nations Millennium Development Goals; sustainability; sustainability indicators AB The objective of the article is to show that indicator aggregation coupled with the use of a multivariate statistical analysis applied to the environmental sustainability indicator data of the UN Millennium Goals (MDG) can allow important inferences to be made. Goal 7 of the UN MDG aims to assess environmental sustainability by ten indicators, the dominant among them being emissions of carbon dioxide equivalent. The data is available over a period of 20 years. We used an aggregate index method to combine the various indicator values into a single index, and studied the trends of countries over the years. We have also compared among two arbitrarily chosen groups of OECD and non-OECD countries, and shown how these countries have performed among themselves and as a combined group over the time period. Using the multivariate statistical method of Partial Least Squares Variable Importance in Projection (PLS-VIP), we showed how to find the key indicators from the larger set and their relative importance over the years. Important results from our research include ranking of countries according to their overall environmental performance in a particular group. The PLS-VIP method showed that certain indicators have shifted in their importance in influencing their overall environmental performance, while others have remained relatively insignificant over the 20-year period. 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2014 (c) 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 198-206, 2015 C1 [Sengupta, Debalina; Mukherjee, Rajib; Sikdar, Subhas K.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sikdar, SK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sikdar.subhas@epa.gov FU EPA Office of Research and Development; Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The work presented here was funded by the EPA Office of Research and Development. This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and EPA. The supplementary information provided with this paper contains an excel spreadsheet where a reader can access the data used to generate the figures in this paper. The Matlab (R) code used to generate the data is available upon request from the authors. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1944-7442 EI 1944-7450 J9 ENVIRON PROG SUSTAIN JI Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy PD JAN PY 2015 VL 34 IS 1 BP 198 EP 206 DI 10.1002/ep.11963 PG 9 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Industrial; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY1CP UT WOS:000347331300025 ER PT J AU Lockey, JE Redlich, CA Streicher, R Pfahles-Hutchens, A Hakkinen, PJ Ellison, GL Harber, P Utell, M Holland, J Comai, A White, M AF Lockey, James E. Redlich, Carrie A. Streicher, Robert Pfahles-Hutchens, Andrea Hakkinen, Pertti (Bert) J. Ellison, Gary L. Harber, Philip Utell, Mark Holland, John Comai, Andrew White, Marc TI Isocyanates and Human Health Multistakeholder Information Needs and Research Priorities SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID METHYLENE DIPHENYL DIISOCYANATE; COLLISION REPAIR INDUSTRY; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE; EXPOSURE LIMITS; SKIN EXPOSURE; POLYURETHANE; SURVEILLANCE AB Objectives: To outline the knowledge gaps and research priorities identified by a broad base of stakeholders involved in the planning and participation of an international conference and research agenda workshop on isocyanates and human health held in Potomac, Maryland, in April 2013. Methods: A multimodal iterative approach was used for data collection including preconference surveys, review of a 2001 consensus conference on isocyanates, oral and poster presentations, focused break-out sessions, panel discussions, and postconference research agenda workshop. Results: Participants included representatives of consumer and worker health, health professionals, regulatory agencies, academic and industry scientists, labor, and trade associations. Conclusions: Recommendations were summarized regarding knowledge gaps and research priorities in the following areas: worker and consumer exposures; toxicology, animal models, and biomarkers; human cancer risk; environmental exposure and monitoring; and respiratory epidemiology and disease, and occupational health surveillance. C1 [Lockey, James E.] Univ Cincinnati, Div Occupat & Environm Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Pulm Div,Dept Internal Med,Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Redlich, Carrie A.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Occupat & Environm Med, New Haven, CT USA. [Streicher, Robert] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Pfahles-Hutchens, Andrea] US EPA, Risk Assessment Div, Off Chem Safety & Pollut Prevent, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hakkinen, Pertti (Bert) J.] NIH, Off Clin Toxicol, Specialized Informat Serv, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ellison, Gary L.] NCI, Epidemiol & Genom Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Harber, Philip] Univ Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ USA. [Utell, Mark] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Holland, John] Holland Associates, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Comai, Andrew] UAW Hlth & Safety, Int Union, Detroit, MI USA. [White, Marc] Univ British Columbia, Dept Family Practice, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [White, Marc] Canadian Inst Relief Pain & Disabil, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Lockey, JE (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Occupat & Environm Med, Dept Environm Hlth, 3223 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM lockeyje@ucmail.uc.edu RI White, Marc/N-8404-2015; Hakkinen, Pertti/G-4803-2016; OI Hakkinen, Pertti/0000-0002-8295-9738; White, Marc/0000-0001-7623-1268 FU National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; Canadian Institutes for Health Research-Institute of Cancer Research; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine FX National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; Canadian Institutes for Health Research-Institute of Cancer Research; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1076-2752 EI 1536-5948 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 57 IS 1 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000278 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AY3IP UT WOS:000347477900010 PM 25563538 ER PT J AU Daston, G Knight, DJ Schwarz, M Gocht, T Thomas, RS Mahony, C Whelan, M AF Daston, George Knight, Derek J. Schwarz, Michael Gocht, Tilman Thomas, Russell S. Mahony, Catherine Whelan, Maurice TI SEURAT: Safety Evaluation Ultimately Replacing Animal Testing-Recommendations for future research in the field of predictive toxicology SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Critical biological targets; Adverse outcome pathways; Safety assessment; Read-across; Ab initio prediction ID HEALTH-RISK ASSESSMENT; TOXCAST PROGRAM; FRAMEWORK; CHEMICALS; UPDATE; READ AB The development of non-animal methodology to evaluate the potential for a chemical to cause systemic toxicity is one of the grand challenges of modern science. The European research programme SEURAT is active in this field and will conclude its first phase, SEURAT-1, in December 2015. Drawing on the experience gained in SEURAT-1 and appreciating international advancement in both basic and regulatory science, we reflect here on how SEURAT should evolve and propose that further research and development should be directed along two complementary and interconnecting work streams. The first work stream would focus on developing new 'paradigm' approaches for regulatory science. The goal here is the identification of 'critical biological targets' relevant for toxicity and to test their suitability to be used as anchors for predicting toxicity. The second work stream would focus on integration and application of new approach methods for hazard (and risk) assessment within the current regulatory 'paradigm', aiming for acceptance of animal-free testing strategies by regulatory authorities (i.e. translating scientific achievements into regulation). Components for both work streams are discussed and may provide a structure for a future research programme in the field of predictive toxicology. C1 [Daston, George] Procter & Gamble Co, Cent Prod Safety Dept, Mason, OH 45040 USA. [Knight, Derek J.] European Chem Agcy, Helsinki 00121, Finland. [Schwarz, Michael; Gocht, Tilman] Univ Tubingen, Dept Toxicol, Inst Expt & Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. [Thomas, Russell S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mahony, Catherine] Procter & Gamble Tech Ctr Ltd, Egham TW20 9NW, Surrey, England. [Whelan, Maurice] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, IHCP, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. RP Schwarz, M (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Dept Toxicol, Inst Expt & Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, Wilhelmstr 56, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. EM Michael.schwarz@uni-tuebingen.de OI Gocht, Tilma/0000-0002-2491-2050 FU European Community [267044]; Cosmetics Europe FX This work has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 267044 (project acronym 'COACH') and has received financing from Cosmetics Europe. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 21 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0340-5761 EI 1432-0738 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 89 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s00204-014-1421-5 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AY0KZ UT WOS:000347286700003 PM 25433540 ER PT J AU Lorber, M Eaglesham, GE Hobson, P Toms, LML Mueller, JF Thompson, JS AF Lorber, M. Eaglesham, G. E. Hobson, P. Toms, L. -M. L. Mueller, J. F. Thompson, J. S. TI The effect of ongoing blood loss on human serum concentrations of perfluorinated acids SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE PFOS; PFOA; Menstruation; Elimination; Blood loss; PK model ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; WOMEN; POPULATION; AMERICANS; EXPOSURE AB Perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) have been detected in serum at low concentrations in background populations. Higher concentrations haven been observed in adult males compared to females, with a possible explanation that menstruation offers females an additional elimination route. In this study, we examined the significance of blood loss as an elimination route of PFAAs. Pooled serum samples were collected from individuals undergoing a medical procedure involving ongoing blood withdrawal called venesection, Concentrations from male venesection patients were approximately 40% lower than males in the general population for perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). A simple pharmacokinetic model was used to test the hypothesis that blood loss could explain why adult males have higher concentrations of PFAAs than females, and why males undergoing venesections had lower concentrations compared to males in the general population. The model application generally supported these hypotheses showing that venesection might reduce blood serum concentrations by 37% (PFOA) and 53% (PFOS) compared to the observed difference of 44% and 37%. Menstruation was modeled to show a 22% reduction in PFOA serum concentrations compared to a 24% difference in concentrations between males and females in the background population. Uncertainties in the modeling and the data are identified and discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lorber, M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Eaglesham, G. E.] Queensland Hlth & Forens Sci Serv, Special Serv Organ Grp, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. [Hobson, P.] Sullivan Niccolaides Pathol, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. [Toms, L. -M. L.] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Clin Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Toms, L. -M. L.] Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Hlth & Biomed Innovat, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Mueller, J. F.; Thompson, J. S.] Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol Entox, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. RP Lorber, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM lorber.matthew@epa.gov RI Mueller, Jochen/C-6241-2008; Toms, Leisa-Maree/C-9530-2009; OI Toms, Leisa-Maree/0000-0002-1444-1638; Mueller, Jochen/0000-0002-0000-1973 FU Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellowship [FF120100546]; ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award [DE120100161]; Queensland Health FX J.F. Mueller is funded by Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellowship (FF120100546). L.-M.L. Toms is funded by an ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DE120100161). The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology is co-funded by Queensland Health. The authors are grateful for the statistical support provided by John Fox of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2015 VL 118 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.093 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX5GC UT WOS:000346953700024 PM 25180653 ER PT J AU Tumburu, L Andersen, CP Rygiewicz, PT Reichman, JR AF Tumburu, Laxminath Andersen, Christian P. Rygiewicz, Paul T. Reichman, Jay R. TI PHENOTYPIC AND GENOMIC RESPONSES TO TITANIUM DIOXIDE AND CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN ARABIDOPSIS GERMINANTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis thaliana germinants; Transcriptional responses; Development; Nano-ceria; Nano-titania ID THALIANA GENE-EXPRESSION; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; CEO2 NANOPARTICLES; SEED-GERMINATION; DNA-DAMAGE; PLANTS; TOXICITY; STRESS; TIO2; ZNO AB The effects of exposure to nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (nano-titanium) and cerium oxide (nano-cerium) on gene expression and growth in Arabidopsis thaliana germinants were studied by using microarrays and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and by evaluating germinant phenotypic plasticity. Exposure to 12 d of either nano-titania or nano-ceria altered the regulation of 204 and 142 genes, respectively. Genes induced by the nanoparticles mainly include ontology groups annotated as stimuli responsive, including both abiotic (oxidative stress, salt stress, water transport) and biotic (respiratory burst as a defense against pathogens) stimuli. Further analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicates that both nanoparticles affected a range of metabolic processes (deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] metabolism, hormone metabolism, tetrapyrrole synthesis, and photosynthesis). Individual exposures to the nanoparticles increased percentages of seeds with emergent radicles, early development of hypocotyls and cotyledons, and those with fully grown leaves. Although there were distinct differences between the nanoparticles in their affect on molecular mechanisms attributable to enhancing germinant growth, both particles altered similar suites of genes related to various pathways and processes related to enhanced growth. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:70-83. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Tumburu, Laxminath] Western Ecol Div, Natl Res Council, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, US Environm Protect Agcy, Corvallis, OR USA. [Andersen, Christian P.; Rygiewicz, Paul T.; Reichman, Jay R.] Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, US Environm Protect Agcy, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Tumburu, L (reprint author), Western Ecol Div, Natl Res Council, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, US Environm Protect Agcy, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM lax.tumburu@nih.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division Laboratory FX We thank J. Betts for preparing the nanoparticle suspensions and determining suspension characteristics and L. Pokhrel for helping us obtain the TEM images and physical diameters of the ENPs. We also thank the Genomic Research Core, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), US Environmental Protection Agency, for processing the microarrays. The present study was performed while L. Tumburu held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the US Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division Laboratory. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 34 IS 1 BP 70 EP 83 DI 10.1002/etc.2756 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AX2QT UT WOS:000346789800010 PM 25242526 ER PT J AU Johnson, BR Weaver, PC Nietch, CT Lazorchak, JM Struewing, KA Funk, DH AF Johnson, Brent R. Weaver, Paul C. Nietch, Christopher T. Lazorchak, James M. Struewing, Katherine A. Funk, David H. TI ELEVATED MAJOR ION CONCENTRATIONS INHIBIT LARVAL MAYFLY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Centroptilum; Conductivity; Neocloeon; Total dissolved solids; Toxicity ID FRESH-WATER INVERTEBRATES; CENTROPTILUM-TRIANGULIFER; COAL-MINE; TOXICITY; STREAM; EPHEMEROPTERA; BIOASSAYS; RESPONSES; SALINITY; EXPOSURE AB Anthropogenic disturbances, including those from developing energy resources, can alter stream chemistry significantly by elevating total dissolved solids. Field studies have indicated that mayflies (Order Ephemeroptera) are particularly sensitive to high total dissolved solids. In the present study, the authors measured 20-d growth and survivorship of larval Neocloeon triangulifer exposed to a gradient of brine salt (mixed NaCl and CaCl2) concentrations. Daily growth rates were reduced significantly in all salt concentrations above the control (363 mu Scm(-1)) and larvae in treatments with specific conductance >812 mu Scm(-1) were in comparatively earlier developmental stages (instars) at the end of the experiment. Survivorship declined significantly when specific conductance was >1513 mu Scm(-1) and the calculated 20-d 50% lethal concentration was 2866 mu Scm(-1). The present study's results provide strong experimental evidence that elevated ion concentrations similar to those observed in developing energy resources, such as oil and gas drilling or coal mining, can adversely affect sensitive aquatic insect species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:167-172. (c) 2014 SETAC C1 [Johnson, Brent R.; Lazorchak, James M.] Natl Exposure Res Lab, United States Environm Protect Agcy, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Weaver, Paul C.; Struewing, Katherine A.] McConnell Grp, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Nietch, Christopher T.] Natl Risk Management Lab, United States Environm Protect Agcy, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Funk, David H.] Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA USA. RP Johnson, BR (reprint author), Natl Exposure Res Lab, United States Environm Protect Agcy, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM johnson.brent@epa.gov OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 34 IS 1 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1002/etc.2777 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AX2QT UT WOS:000346789800021 PM 25307284 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Huerta, K Pacheco-Rosado, J Gilbert, ME AF Sanchez-Huerta, K. Pacheco-Rosado, J. Gilbert, M. E. TI Adult Onset-Hypothyroidism: Alterations in Hippocampal Field Potentials in the Dentate Gyrus are Largely Associated with Anaesthesia-Induced Hypothermia SO JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thyroid; propylthiouracil; adult onset hypothryoidism; hippocampus; synaptic transmission; hypothermia ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; IMPAIRS SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION; THYROID-HORMONE INSUFFICIENCY; BRAIN TEMPERATURE; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; PROPYLTHIOURACIL; PLASTICITY; PATHWAY; LTP; CA1 AB Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for a number of physiological processes and is particularly critical during nervous system development. The hippocampus is strongly implicated in cognition and is sensitive to developmental hypothyroidism. The impact of TH insufficiency in the foetus and neonate on hippocampal synaptic function has been fairly well characterised. Although adult onset hypothyroidism has also been associated with impairments in cognitive function, studies of hippocampal synaptic function with late onset hypothyroidism have yielded inconsistent results. In the present study, we report hypothyroidism induced by the synthesis inhibitor propylthiouracil (10p.p.m., 0.001%, minimum of 4weeks), resulted in marginal alterations in excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and population spike (PS) amplitude in the dentate gyrus measured in vivo. No effects were seen in tests of short-term plasticity, and a minor enhancement of long-term potentiation of the EPSP slope was observed. The most robust synaptic alteration evident in hypothyroid animals was an increase in synaptic response latency, which was paralleled by a failure to maintain normal body temperature under anaesthesia, despite warming on a heating pad. Latency shifts could be reversed in hypothyroid animals by increasing the external heat source and, conversely, synaptic delays could be induced in control animals by removing the heat source, with a consequent drop in body and brain temperature. Thermoregulation is TH- dependent, and anaesthesia necessary for surgical procedures posed a thermoregulatory challenge that was differentially met in control and hypothyroid animals. Minor increases in field potential EPSP slope, decreases in PS amplitudes and increased latencies are consistent with previous reports of hypothermia in naive control rats. We conclude that failures in thyroid-dependent temperature regulation rather than direct action of TH in synaptic physiology are responsible for the observed effects. These findings stand in contrast to the synaptic impairments observed in adult offspring following developmental TH insufficiency, and emphasise the need to control for the potential unintended consequences of hypothermia in the interpretation of hypothyroid-induced changes in physiological systems, most notably synaptic transmission. C1 [Sanchez-Huerta, K.; Pacheco-Rosado, J.] IPN, Dept Fisiol Mauricio Russek, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. [Gilbert, M. E.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Neurotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sanchez-Huerta, K.; Pacheco-Rosado, J.] Natl Inst Pediat, Lab Neurochem, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Gilbert, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Tox Assessment Div MD B105 05, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilbert.mary@epa.gov NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0953-8194 EI 1365-2826 J9 J NEUROENDOCRINOL JI J. Neuroendocrinol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 27 IS 1 BP 8 EP 19 DI 10.1111/jne.12229 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AX1XC UT WOS:000346735900002 PM 25327136 ER PT J AU Ogg, C AF Ogg, Clayton TI Compliance programs' feasibility for reducing worldwide loss of forests and other ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ogg, Clayton] USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Ogg, Clayton] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 70 IS 1 BP 19A EP 22A DI 10.2489/jswc.70.1.19A PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA AX8UI UT WOS:000347183400003 ER PT J AU Korner-Nievergelt, F Behr, O Brinkmann, R Etterson, MA Huso, MMP Dalthorp, D Korner-Nievergelt, P Roth, T Niermann, I AF Korner-Nievergelt, Fraenzi Behr, Oliver Brinkmann, Robert Etterson, Matthew A. Huso, Manuela M. P. Dalthorp, Dan Korner-Nievergelt, Pius Roth, Tobias Niermann, Ivo TI Mortality estimation from carcass searches using the R-package carcass - a tutorial SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WIND FARMS; BAT FATALITY; BIRD; MODELS; PERSISTENCE; HYPOTHESES; SURVIVAL; AREAS AB This article is a tutorial for the R-package carcass. It starts with a short overview of common methods used to estimate mortality based on carcass searches. Then, it guides step by step through a simple example. First, the proportion of animals that fall into the search area is estimated. Second, carcass persistence time is estimated based on experimental data. Third, searcher efficiency is estimated. Fourth, these three estimated parameters are combined to obtain the probability that an animal killed is found by an observer. Finally, this probability is used together with the observed number of carcasses found to obtain an estimate for the total number of killed animals together with a credible interval. C1 [Korner-Nievergelt, Fraenzi; Korner-Nievergelt, Pius] Oikostat GmbH, CH-6218 Ettiswil, Switzerland. [Korner-Nievergelt, Fraenzi; Korner-Nievergelt, Pius] Swiss Ornithol Inst, Sempach, Switzerland. [Behr, Oliver] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Chair Sensor Technol, DE-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Brinkmann, Robert] FrInaT, Freiburg Inst Appl Anim Ecol, DE-79106 Freiburg, Germany. [Etterson, Matthew A.] US EPA, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Huso, Manuela M. P.; Dalthorp, Dan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roth, Tobias] Hintermann & Weber AG, CH-4153 Reinach, Switzerland. [Niermann, Ivo] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Environm Planning, DE-30419 Hannover, Germany. RP Korner-Nievergelt, F (reprint author), Oikostat GmbH, Ausserdorf 43, CH-6218 Ettiswil, Switzerland. EM fraenzi.korner@oikostat.ch NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 20 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 EI 1903-220X J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 21 IS 1 BP 30 EP 43 DI 10.2981/wlb.00094 PG 14 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AY2DK UT WOS:000347398500004 ER PT J AU Wu, XM Bennett, DH Calafat, AM Kato, K Strynar, M Andersen, E Moran, RE Tancredi, DJ Tulve, NS Hertz-Picciotto, I AF Wu, Xiangmei (May) Bennett, Deborah H. Calafat, Antonia M. Kato, Kayoko Strynar, Mark Andersen, Erik Moran, Rebecca E. Tancredi, Daniel J. Tulve, Nicolle S. Hertz-Picciotto, Irva TI Serum concentrations of perfluorinated compounds (PFC) among selected populations of children and Adults in California SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Perfluorinated compounds; Serum; Children; Within-family correlation; Temporal variation ID NATIONAL BIRTH COHORT; IN-HOUSE DUST; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; POLYFLUOROALKYL COMPOUNDS; POLYFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; DIETARY EXPOSURE; INDOOR AIR; HALF-LIFE; CHEMICALS AB Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been widely used in industrial applications and consumer products. Their persistent nature and potential health impacts are of concern. Given the high cost of collecting serum samples, this study is to understand whether we can quantify PFC serum concentrations using factors extracted from questionnaire responses and indirect measurements, and whether a single serum measurement can be used to classify an individual's exposure over a one-year period. The study population included three demographic groups: young children (2-8 years old) (N=67), parents of young children (< 55 years old) (N=90), and older adults ( > 55 years old) (N=59). PFC serum concentrations, house dust concentrations, and questionnaires were collected. The geometric mean of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was highest for the older adults. In contrast, the geometric mean of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was highest for children. Serum concentrations of the parent and the child from the same family were moderately correlated (Spearman correlation (r)=0.26-0.79, p <0.05), indicating common sources within a family. For adults, age, having occupational exposure or having used fire extinguisher, frequencies of consuming butter/margarine, pork, canned meat entres, tuna and white fish, freshwater fish, and whether they ate microwave popcorn were significantly positively associated with serum concentrations of individual PFCs. For children, residential dust concentrations, frequency of wearing waterproof clothes, frequency of having canned fish, hotdogs, chicken nuggets, French fries, and chips, and whether they ate microwave popcorn were significant positive predictors of individual PFC serum concentrations. In addition, the serum concentrations collected in a subset of young children (N=20) and the parents (N=42) one year later were strongly correlated (r=0.68-0.98, p <0.001) with the levels measured at the first visits, but showed a decreasing trend. Children had moderate correlation (r=0.43) between serum and dust concentrations. of PFOS, indicating indoor sources contribute to exposure. In conclusion, besides food intake, occupational exposure, consumer product use, and exposure to residential dust contribute to PFC exposure. The downward temporal trend of serum concentrations reflects the reduction of PFCs use in recent years while the year-to-year correlation indicates that a single serum measurement could be an estimate of exposure relative to the population for a one-year period in epidemiology studies. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Xiangmei (May); Bennett, Deborah H.; Moran, Rebecca E.; Hertz-Picciotto, Irva] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.; Kato, Kayoko] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Strynar, Mark; Andersen, Erik] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Methods Dev & Applicat Branch, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Tancredi, Daniel J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pediat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tulve, Nicolle S.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wu, XM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, One Shields Ave,MS1C, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM xmwu@phs.ucdavis.edu; dhbennett@ucdavis.edu; aic7@cdc.gov; ktk2@cdc.gov; Strynar.Mark@epa.gov; andersen.erik@epa.gov; rmoran@ucdavis.edu; djtancredi@ucdavis.edu; Tulve.Nicolle@epa.gov; ihp@ucdavis.edu RI Tancredi, Daniel/O-3381-2013 OI Tancredi, Daniel/0000-0002-3884-7907 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) [RD-83154001]; Autism Speaks FX This research was funded by a Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grant #RD-83154001 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Environmental sample analysis was conducted by the U.S. EPA's Office of Research and Development's National Exposure Research Laboratory, and blood sample analysis was conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Laboratory (CDC). Data analysis was conducted with funding from Autism Speaks. NR 64 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 56 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 136 BP 264 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.026 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AX2DY UT WOS:000346755000033 PM 25460645 ER PT J AU Yeh, HC Lin, YS Kuo, CC Weidemann, D Weaver, V Fadrowski, J Neu, A Navas-Acien, A AF Yeh, Hung-Chieh Lin, Yu-Sheng Kuo, Chin-Chi Weidemann, Darcy Weaver, Virginia Fadrowski, Jeffrey Neu, Alicia Navas-Acien, Ana TI Urine osmolality in the US population: Implications for environmental biomonitoring SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Urine osmolality; Urine creatinine; Biomonitoring; Urine adequacy; Urine dilution ID PROTEIN-OSMOLALITY; ALBUMIN EXCRETION; CREATININE; CHILDREN; DISEASE; VALIDITY; GUIDE; RATIO AB Background: For many environmental chemicals, concentrations in spot urine samples are considered valid surrogates of exposure and internal dose. To correct for urine dilution, spot urine concentrations are commonly adjusted for urinary creatinine. There are, however, several concerns about the use of urine creatinine. While urine osmolality is an attractive alternative; its characteristics and determinants in the general population remain unknown. Our objective was to describe the determinants of urine osmolality and to contrast the difference between osmolality and creatinine in urine. Methods: From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2009-2010), 10,769 participants aged 16 years or older with measured urine osmolality and creatinine were used in the analysis. Very dilute and very concentrated urine was defined as urine creatinine lower than 0.3 g/l and higher than 3 g/l, respectively. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations of interest. Results: Urine osmolality and creatinine were highly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.75) and their respective median values were 648 mOsm/kg and 1.07 g/l. The prevalence of very dilute and very concentrated urine samples was 8.1% and 3.1%, respectively. Factors associated in the same direction with both urine osmolality and urine creatinine included age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, water intake, and blood osmolality. The magnitude of associations expressed as percent change was significantly stronger with creatinine than osmolality. Compared to urine creatinine, urine osmolality did not vary by diabetes status but was affected by daily total protein intake. Participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) had significantly higher urine creatinine concentrations but lower urine osmolality. Both very dilute and concentrated urine were associated with a diverse array of socio-demographic, medical conditions, and dietary factors. For instance, females were approximately 3.3 times more likely to have urine over-dilution than male [the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI)=3.27 (2.10-5.10)]. Conclusion: Although the determinants of urine osmolality were generally similar to those of urine creatinine, the relative influence of socio-demographic and medical conditions was less on urine osmolality than on urine creatinine. Protocols for spot urine sample collection could recommend avoiding excessive and insufficient water intake before urine sampling to improve urine adequacy. The feasibility of adopting urine osmolality adjustment and water intake recommendations before providing spot urine samples for environmental biomonitoring merits further investigation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yeh, Hung-Chieh; Kuo, Chin-Chi] China Med Univ, China Med Univ Hosp, Kidney Inst, Taichung, Taiwan. [Yeh, Hung-Chieh; Kuo, Chin-Chi] China Med Univ, China Med Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Div Nephrol, Taichung, Taiwan. [Yeh, Hung-Chieh; Kuo, Chin-Chi] China Med Univ, Coll Med, Taichung, Taiwan. [Lin, Yu-Sheng] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Kuo, Chin-Chi; Weidemann, Darcy; Fadrowski, Jeffrey; Navas-Acien, Ana] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kuo, Chin-Chi; Weaver, Virginia; Navas-Acien, Ana] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kuo, Chin-Chi; Weaver, Virginia; Navas-Acien, Ana] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Weidemann, Darcy; Fadrowski, Jeffrey; Neu, Alicia] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pediat, Div Nephrol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Kuo, CC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK079637] NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 136 BP 482 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.009 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AX2DY UT WOS:000346755000058 PM 25460670 ER PT J AU Bateson, TF Kopylev, L AF Bateson, Thomas F. Kopylev, Leonid TI Influence of exposure assessment and parameterization on exposure response. Aspects of epidemiologic cohort analysis using the Libby Amphibole asbestos worker cohort SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asbestos; exposure assessment; exposure modeling; Libby MT; lung cancer; vermiculite ID GUIDE RISK-ASSESSMENT; VERMICULITE MINERS; LUNG-CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; TREMOLITE ACTINOLITE; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; POTENCY FACTORS; FIBER BURDEN; MORTALITY; QUALITY AB Recent meta-analyses of occupational epidemiology studies identified two important exposure data quality factors in predicting summary effect measures for asbestos-associated lung cancer mortality risk: sufficiency of job history data and percent coverage of work history by measured exposures. The objective was to evaluate different exposure parameterizations suggested in the asbestos literature using the Libby, MT asbestos worker cohort and to evaluate influences of exposure measurement error caused by historically estimated exposure data on lung cancer risks. Focusing on workers hired after 1959, when job histories were well-known and occupational exposures were predominantly based on measured exposures (85% coverage), we found that cumulative exposure alone, and with allowance of exponential decay, fit lung cancer mortality data similarly. Residence-time-weighted metrics did not fit well. Compared with previous analyses based on the whole cohort of Libby workers hired after 1935, when job histories were less well-known and exposures less frequently measured (47% coverage), our analyses based on higher quality exposure data yielded an effect size as much as 3.6 times higher. Future occupational cohort studies should continue to refine retrospective exposure assessment methods, consider multiple exposure metrics, and explore new methods of maintaining statistical power while minimizing exposure measurement error. C1 [Bateson, Thomas F.; Kopylev, Leonid] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Bateson, TF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mailcode 8623P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bateson.thomas@epa.gov FU National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency FX We are grateful to Patricia Sullivan of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Danielle DeVoney of the US EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response and anonymous reviewers. No direct funding for this work was received from any source; general support for this work was provided by the National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 25 IS 1 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1038/jes.2014.3 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AW7GB UT WOS:000346431500003 PM 24496219 ER PT J AU Davis, MJ Janke, R AF Davis, Michael J. Janke, Robert TI Influence of Network Model Detail on Estimated Health Effects of Drinking Water Contamination Events SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Water distribution systems; Simulation; Water quality; Drinking water; Public health ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS AB Network model detail can influence the accuracy of results from analyses of water distribution systems. Previous work has shown the limitations of skeletonized network models when considering water quality and hydraulic effects. Loss of model detail is potentially less important for aggregated effects such as the systemwide health effects associated with a contamination event, but has received limited attention. The influence of model detail on such effects is examined here by comparing results obtained for contamination events using three large network models and several skeletonized versions of the models. Loss of model detail decreases the accuracy of estimated aggregated adverse effects related to contamination events. It has the potential to have a large negative influence on the results of consequence assessments and the design of contamination warning systems. However, the adverse influence on analysis results can be minimized by restricting attention to high percentile effects (i.e.,95th percentile or higher). C1 [Davis, Michael J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Janke, Robert] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Davis, MJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mike_davis@anl.gov; janke.robert@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Research and Development; EPA under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Research and Development funded, managed, and participated in the research described here under an interagency agreement. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of EPA. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Work at Argonne National Laboratory was sponsored by the EPA under an interagency agreement through U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 EI 1943-5452 J9 J WATER RES PLAN MAN JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2015 VL 141 IS 1 AR UNSP 04014044 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000436 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA AW5WX UT WOS:000346342800003 ER PT J AU Weber, MA Ringold, PL AF Weber, Matthew A. Ringold, Paul L. TI Priority river metrics for residents of an urbanized arid watershed SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Qualitative research; Focus groups; Depth interviews; Final ecosystem services; Urban ecosystem services; River monitoring ID SENSITIVE TOPICS; DECISION-MAKERS; DESERT CITY; RESTORATION; PERCEPTIONS; INDICATORS; CORRIDORS; QUALITY; VALUES AB In river and stream assessment and management, a persistent question is isolating appropriate indicators of resource condition. We employ qualitative research techniques to identify features of rivers and streams important to the general public in an urbanized arid watershed of the southwestern US, based on interview and focus group data. After detailed analysis of transcriptions, findings were member-checked with new study participants and further revised. Theme frequencies are reported to provide an indication of participants' informational priorities. Recurrent ecological themes were Water, Vegetation, and Fish and Wildlife; recurrent human themes were Garbage and Graffiti, Odor, Infrastructure, Other People, and Noise. Themes are further described along with illustrative quotes from participants. We interpret participant input into actionable metrics which could serve to track resource condition. Results are compared to previous research and current monitoring practice. The findings are particularly relevant for scientists and managers interested in the perspectives on rivers and streams held by residents of urbanized watersheds in arid landscapes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Weber, Matthew A.; Ringold, Paul L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Weber, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM weber.matthew@epa.gov; ringold.paul@epa.gov NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 133 BP 37 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.09.006 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA AW8WQ UT WOS:000346540600004 ER PT J AU Henderson, J Rodgers, C Jones, R Smith, J Strzepek, K Martinich, J AF Henderson, James Rodgers, Charles Jones, Russell Smith, Joel Strzepek, Kenneth Martinich, Jeremy TI Economic impacts of climate change on water resources in the coterminous United States SO MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Impacts; Economic analysis; Mitigation policy; Water demand; Water resources; Adaptation ID CALIFORNIA; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; DROUGHT; MODEL AB A national-scale simulation-optimization model was created to generate estimates of economic impacts associated with changes in water supply and demand as influenced by climate change. Water balances were modeled for the 99 assessment sub-regions, and are presented for 18 water resource regions in the United States. Benefit functions are developed for irrigated agriculture, municipal and domestic water use, commercial and industrial water use, and hydroelectric power generation. Environmental flows below minimal levels required for environmental needs are assessed a penalty. As a demonstration of concept for the model, future climate is projected using a climate model ensemble for two greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenarios: a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario in which no new GHG controls are implemented, and an exemplary mitigation policy (POL) scenario in which future GHG emissions are mitigated. Damages are projected to grow less during the 21st century under the POL scenario than the BAU scenario. The largest impacts from climate change are projected to be on non-consumptive uses (e.g., environmental flows and hydropower) and relatively lower-valued consumptive uses (e.g., agriculture), as water is reallocated during reduced water availability conditions to supply domestic, commercial, and industrial uses with higher marginal values. Lower GHG concentrations associated with a mitigation policy will result in a smaller rise in temperature and thus less extensive damage to some water resource uses. However, hydropower, environmental flow penalty, and agriculture were shown to be sensitive to the change in runoff as well. C1 [Henderson, James; Jones, Russell; Smith, Joel] Stratus Consulting Inc, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. [Rodgers, Charles] Asian Dev Bank, Mandaluyong City, Philippines. [Strzepek, Kenneth] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Martinich, Jeremy] US EPA, Climate Change Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Henderson, J (reprint author), Stratus Consulting Inc, POB 4059, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. EM jhenderson@stratusconsulting.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Atmospheric Programs [EP-W-07-072] FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Atmospheric Programs (Contract #EP-W-07-072). NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-2386 EI 1573-1596 J9 MITIG ADAPT STRAT GL JI Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 20 IS 1 BP 135 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s11027-013-9483-x PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW6WK UT WOS:000346406000007 ER PT J AU Erickson, DJ Sulzberger, B Zepp, RG Austin, AT AF Erickson, David J., III Sulzberger, Barbara Zepp, Richard G. Austin, Amy T. TI Effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, solar UV radiation, and climate change on biogeochemical cycling: interactions and feedbacks SO PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; PLANT LITTER DECOMPOSITION; CARBON-DIOXIDE UPTAKE; ARCTIC SEA-ICE; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; GREENHOUSE GASES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TIPPING POINTS; SURFACE WATERS AB Climate change modulates the effects of solar UV radiation on biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, particularly for carbon cycling, resulting in UV-mediated positive or negative feedbacks on climate. Possible positive feedbacks discussed in this assessment include: (i) enhanced UV-induced mineralisation of above ground litter due to aridification; (ii) enhanced UV-induced mineralisation of photoreactive dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic ecosystems due to changes in continental runoff and ice melting; (iii) reduced efficiency of the biological pump due to UV-induced bleaching of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in stratified aquatic ecosystems, where CDOM protects phytoplankton from the damaging solar UV-B radiation. Mineralisation of organic matter results in the production and release of CO2, whereas the biological pump is the main biological process for CO2 removal by aquatic ecosystems. This paper also assesses the interactive effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on the biogeochemical cycling of aerosols and trace gases other than CO2, as well as of chemical and biological contaminants. Interacting effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on biogeochemical cycles are particularly pronounced at terrestrial-aquatic interfaces. C1 [Erickson, David J., III] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Earth Sci Grp, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sulzberger, Barbara] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Zepp, Richard G.] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Austin, Amy T.] Univ Buenos Aires, Inst Invest Fisiol & Ecol Vinculadas Agr IFEVA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Austin, Amy T.] Univ Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Erickson, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Earth Sci Grp, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008,MS 6016, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM d.j.erickson@tds.net OI Austin, Amy/0000-0002-7468-5861 FU U.S. Global Change Research Program; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Agency of Science and Technology of Argentina (ANPCyT) FX D. E. was supported by the U.S. Global Change Research Program and by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Number DE-AC05-00OR22725. B. S. was supported by Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology. R. Z. was supported by the National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and A. A. was supported by grants from the National Agency of Science and Technology of Argentina (ANPCyT). NR 251 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 12 U2 93 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1474-905X EI 1474-9092 J9 PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI JI Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. PY 2015 VL 14 IS 1 BP 127 EP 148 DI 10.1039/c4pp90036g PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA AW9HC UT WOS:000346567000008 PM 25380348 ER PT J AU Ghimire, SR Johnston, JM AF Ghimire, Santosh R. Johnston, John M. BE Karvazy, K Webster, VL TI Traditional Knowledge of Rainwater Harvesting Compared to Five Modern Case Studies SO World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015: Floods, Droughts, and Ecosystems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Environmental and Water Resources Congress CY MAY 17-21, 2015 CL Austin, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm and Water Resources Inst ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER; SYSTEM; NEPAL AB The water-energy-food nexus is receiving increased attention worldwide due to climate change and rising population. According to a projection of the United Nations, the global population is expected to increase by a factor of 1.3 by 2050- from 7.2 billion to 9.6-billion with corresponding demands for energy and food. Climate in the future is predicted to be warmer, with more frequent and intense rainfall as well as decreased rainfall reliability for agriculture in water-stressed regions. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) has been used to meet water demands for millennia. The historical context of RWH is still meaningful today and provides a more informed use of RWH as a climate change adaptation strategy. Our objective is to trace the development of RWH by comparing long-term use of hitis (water-spouts) in Nepal to five modern case studies from the U.S. in NY, FL, TX, IL, and CA. C1 [Ghimire, Santosh R.] US EPA, ORISE, Off Res & Dev Ecosyst Res Div, Postdoctoral Res Participant, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Johnston, John M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ghimire, SR (reprint author), US EPA, ORISE, Off Res & Dev Ecosyst Res Div, Postdoctoral Res Participant, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Ghimire.Santosh@epa.gov; Johnston.JohnM@epa.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 978-0-7844-7916-2 PY 2015 BP 182 EP 193 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BG8ZE UT WOS:000392856300017 ER PT J AU Shilling, F Khan, A Juricich, R Fong, V Hodge, D AF Shilling, Fraser Khan, Abdul Juricich, Rich Fong, Vance Hodge, Don BE Karvazy, K Webster, VL TI Water Sustainability Indicators for California Water Management SO World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015: Floods, Droughts, and Ecosystems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Environmental and Water Resources Congress CY MAY 17-21, 2015 CL Austin, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm and Water Resources Inst AB The Department of Water Resources (DWR) recognizes the importance of long-term sustainability of the state's water systems. As part of the California Water Plan Update 2013, DWR collaboratively developed an analytical framework to quantify water resources sustainability indicators for California. The California Water Sustainability Indicators Framework brings together water sustainability indicators that will inform us about water system conditions and their relationships to ecosystems, social systems, and economic systems. The framework is a comprehensive system for measuring and reporting water sustainability at watershed, regional, and state scales, relative to quantified sustainability targets. An online tool was developed to contain an encyclopedia of over 1,800 sustainability indicators, as well as the results of the use of a select set of indicators at watershed, regional, and state scales as part of Water Plan Update 2013. The Framework is intended to support reporting of indicators to a wide array of water and environmental stakeholders, the public, and decision makers to build knowledge and to enhance adaptive decision making and policy change. C1 [Shilling, Fraser] Univ Calif Davis, Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Khan, Abdul; Juricich, Rich] CA Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 94236 USA. [Fong, Vance] US EPA, Environm Indicator Program, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Hodge, Don] US EPA Reg, Agr Program, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Shilling, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM fmshilling@ucdavis.edu; abdul.khan@water.ca.gov; rich.juricich@water.ca.gov; Fong.Vance@EPA.Gov; hodge.don@epa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 978-0-7844-7916-2 PY 2015 BP 2341 EP 2349 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BG8ZE UT WOS:000392856300230 ER PT J AU Sherman, LS Blum, JD Dvonch, JT Gratz, LE Landis, MS AF Sherman, Laura S. Blum, Joel D. Dvonch, J. Timothy Gratz, Lynne E. Landis, Matthew S. TI The use of Pb, Sr, and Hg isotopes in Great Lakes precipitation as a tool for pollution source attribution SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Heavy metals; Stable isotopes; Source attribution; Multivariate statistical receptor modeling; Wet deposition ID MERCURY WET DEPOSITION; FIRED POWER-PLANTS; MASS-INDEPENDENT FRACTIONATION; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC HEAVY-METALS; CHICAGO/GARY URBAN AREA; MONTANE FOREST SOILS; STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; LEAD ISOTOPES; WEATHERING RATES AB The anthropogenic emission and subsequent deposition of heavy metals including mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) present human health and environmental concerns. Although it is known that local and regional sources of these metals contribute to deposition in the Great Lakes region, it is difficult to trace emissions from point sources to ithpacted sites. Recent studies suggest that metal isotope ratios may be useful for distinguishing between and tracing source emissions. We measured Pb, strontium (Sr), and Hg isotope ratios in daily precipitation samples that were collected at seven sites across the Great Lakes region between 2003 and 2007. Lead isotope ratios ((207)pb/(206)pb = 0.8062 to 0.8554) suggest that Pb deposition was influenced by coal combustion and processing of Mississippi Valley-Type Pb ore deposits. Regional differences in Sr isotope ratios (Sr-87/Sr-86 = 0.70859 to 0.71155) are likely related to coal fly ash and soil dust. Mercury isotope ratios (delta Hg-202 = -1.13 to 0.13%.) also varied among the sites, likely due to regional differences in coal isotopic composition, and fractionation occurring within industrial facilities and in the atmosphere. These data represent the first combined characterization of Pb, Sr, and Hg isotope ratios in precipitation collected across the Great Lakes region. We demonstrate the utility of multiple metal isotope ratios in parallel with traditional trace element multivariate statistical modeling to enable more complete pollution source attribution. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sherman, Laura S.; Blum, Joel D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dvonch, J. Timothy] Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gratz, Lynne E.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. [Landis, Matthew S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Sherman, LS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 1100 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM lsaylors@umich.edu RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014; Dvonch, Joseph/K-3632-2013 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X; FU University of Michigan Water Center of the Graham Sustainability Institute; University of Michigan [EPD05005]; Fred A. and Barbara M. Erb Family Foundation; EPA through its Office of Research and Development [R-82971601] FX This work was supported in part by the University of Michigan Water Center of the Graham Sustainability Institute, which receives funds from the Fred A. and Barbara M. Erb Family Foundation and the University of Michigan. The EPA through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and participated in this research through cooperative agreement R-82971601 and contract EPD05005 with the University of Michigan. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the EPA. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors are grateful to Jamie Gleason, Marcus Johnson, and Ted Huston for analytical assistance as well as Jim Barres, Frank Marsik, Emily White, Ali Kamal, Naima Hall, and Bian Liu for their dedicated efforts in data collection and interpretation. We also thank four anonymous reviewers for comments that improved this manuscript. Finally, this research would not have been possible without the oversight, vision, and commitment of the late Jerry Keeler. NR 130 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 11 U2 124 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 502 BP 362 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.034 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU6RZ UT WOS:000345730800039 PM 25265397 ER PT J AU Jauss, V Johnson, M Krull, E Daub, M Lehmann, J AF Jauss, Verena Johnson, Mark Krull, Evelyn Daub, Markus Lehmann, Johannes TI Pyrogenic carbon controls across a soil catena in the Pacific Northwest SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Fire; Pyrogenic carbon; Soil development; Soil organic matter ID SCOTS PINE FORESTS; BLACK CARBON; ORGANIC-CARBON; FIRE REGIMES; CLIMATE; VEGETATION; OXIDATION; MOBILITY; CHARCOAL AB Since turnover times of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) are substantially slower than those of other organic carbon input to soil, it is considered an important constituent of the global C cycle acting as a C sink. In the Pacific Northwest vegetation fires regularly produce PyC, but its accumulation in soils is poorly quantified. Using mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) and partial least-squares (PLS) analysis in conjunction with ultraviolet photo-oxidation followed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (UV-NMR) techniques, PyC contents were quantified for samples from soil profiles along a vegetation gradient. Sample locations included different forest types as well as sites under agricultural use. While PyC was most prevalent in the first 0.2 m with 7-24% of total soil organic C (SOC), it could be found in the subsoil of all locations. However, PyC concentrations did not change consistently with soil depth. Stock sizes were lowest at the Turkey Farm (0.71 kg m(-2); 10% of SOC) and Organic Growers Farm (1.14 kg m(-2); 8% of SOC) sites, presumably due to the pervasive combustion of grass and cereals. Among the forested sites, lower stocks were observed at sites with higher mean annual temperature (MAT) and lower mean annual precipitation (MAP) such as Metolius (1.71 kg m(-2); 15% of SOC) and Juniper (1.89 kg m(-2); 26% of SOC). In contrast, the highest PyC stocks were found under cooler and moister conditions at Cascade Head dominated by Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.)) (5.66 kg m(-2); 16% of SOC) and Soapgrass Mountain (4.80 kg m(-2); 15% of SOC). PyC was only moderately related to non-PyC SOC, which comprises plant residues, their decomposition products and soil biota (r(2) = 0.61 and 0.44 for SOC with and without PyC, respectively), suggesting largely independent processes influencing production and disappearance. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jauss, Verena; Lehmann, Johannes] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Johnson, Mark] Environm Protect Agcy, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Krull, Evelyn] CSIRO Land & Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Daub, Markus] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Anal Dynam & Modelling, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Lehmann, Johannes] Cornell Univ, Atkinson Ctr Sustainable Future, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lehmann, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, 909 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM CL273@cornell.edu FU NASA-USDA [2008-35615-18961]; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences at Cornell University FX Funding through NASA-USDA award No. 2008-35615-18961 and the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences at Cornell University is gratefully acknowledged. For help with fieldwork we would like to thank Sarah Hash (Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University). Many thanks to L.R. Spouncer and Jon Sanderman for help with MIR analyses and data processing. We thank the anonymous referees for their constructive comments. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 EI 1872-6887 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JAN PY 2015 VL 124 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2014.09.001 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA AU3WJ UT WOS:000345541200006 ER PT J AU Williams, WC Copeland, C Boykin, E Quell, SJ Lehmann, DM AF Williams, W. C. Copeland, C. Boykin, E. Quell, S. J. Lehmann, D. M. TI Development and utilization of an ex vivo bromodeoxyuridine local lymph node assay protocol for assessing potential chemical sensitizers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Local lymph node assay; 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU); skin sensitization; ex vivo; platinum ID INTER-LABORATORY VALIDATION; ISOTOPIC END-POINT; ICCVAM EVALUATION; MAXIMIZATION TEST; PLATINUM; POTENCY; ALLERGENS; PERFORMANCE; BRDU; LLNA AB The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) is widely used to identify chemicals that may cause allergic contact dermatitis. Exposure to a dermal sensitizer results in proliferation of local lymph node T cells, which has traditionally been measured by in vivo incorporation of [H-3]methyl thymidine. A more recent non-isotopic variation of the assay utilizes bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in vivo. To further improve the utility of this assay, we developed an ex vivo BrdU labeling procedure eliminating the need for in vivo injections. The results of this assay correctly identified a strong sensitizer (i.e., trimellitic anhydride) as well as weak/moderate sensitizers (i.e., eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and hexylcinnaminic aldehyde). As anticipated, neither non-sensitizers isopropanol and lactic acid nor the false negative chemical nickel II sulfate hexahydrate induced a positive threshold response in the assay. The results of this assay are in close agreement with those of the in vivo LLNA:BrdU-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay labeling procedure. We also used the ex vivo BrdU LLNA procedure to evaluate ammonium hexachloroplatinate, ammonium tetrachloroplatinate and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and the assay correctly identified them as sensitizers based on the calculation of EC2 values. We conclude that this ex vivo BrdU labeling method offers predictive capacity comparable to previously established LLNA protocols while eliminating animal injections and the use of radioisotope. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) is widely used to identify chemicals that may cause allergic contact dermatitis. We developed an ex vivo BrdU-labeling procedure eliminating the need for in vivo injections. The ex vivo BrdU LLNA accurately predicted the sensitization potential of known sensitizers and non-sensitizers. This ex vivo BrdU labeling method offers predictive capacity comparable to previously established LLNA protocols while eliminating animal injections and the use of radioisotope. C1 [Williams, W. C.; Copeland, C.; Boykin, E.; Lehmann, D. M.] US EPA, NHEERL, EPHD, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lehmann, DM (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, EPHD, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Mail Drop B105-02,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lehmann.david@epa.gov NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0260-437X EI 1099-1263 J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 35 IS 1 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1002/jat.2983 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AU4GD UT WOS:000345567300004 PM 24532485 ER PT J AU Thai, SF Wallace, KA Jones, CP Ren, HZ Prasad, RY Ward, WO Kohan, MJ Blackman, CF AF Thai, Sheau-Fung Wallace, Kathleen A. Jones, Carlton P. Ren, Hongzu Prasad, Raju Y. Ward, William O. Kohan, Michael J. Blackman, Carl F. TI Signaling Pathways and MicroRNA Changes in Nano-TiO2 Treated Human Lung Epithelial (BEAS-2B) Cells SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nanomaterial; Nano-Titanium Dioxide; mRNA Expression Profiling; Signaling Pathways; MicroRNA Profiling; IPA MicroRNA Target Filter Analysis ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; GROWTH-FACTOR; CANCER CELLS; MIR-17-92 CLUSTER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; THROMBOSPONDIN-1 EXPRESSION; PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; PROGENITOR CELLS; DNA-DAMAGE AB The effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2 Degussa p25) treatment of human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) was examined by analyzing changes in messenger [mRNA] and microRNA [miRNA]. BEAS-2B cells were treated with 0, 3, 10, 30 or 100 mu g/ml nano-TiO2 for 1 day (for mRNA analysis) or 3 days (for miRNA analysis). Differentially expressed mRNA and miRNA were analyzed using Affymetrix microarrays and Affymetrix miRNA microarrays, respectively. Although, the tested doses were not cytotoxic, there were alterations in both mRNA and miRNA expression. The expression of mRNA/miRNA changes were examined in MetaCore (GeneGo) and IPA (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) to delineate associated canonical/signaling pathways. Canonical/signaling pathways altered by nano-TiO2 treatments included: cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, calcium signaling, translation, NRF2 mediated oxidative response, IGF1 signaling, RAS signaling, PI3K/AKT signaling, cytoskeleton remodeling, cell adhesion, BMP signaling, and inflammatory response. Many of the genes in these pathways are known to be regulated by the miRNAs whose expressions were altered by the nano-TiO2 treatment. The miRNA 17-92 cluster and let-7 miRNA family that are involved in lung cancer formation were altered by nano-TiO2 treatment. The miR-17-92 cluster, an oncogenic microRNA cluster, is induced while the tumor suppressor microRNA, let-7 family, is suppressed. The changes of let-7/KRAS signaling pathway was observed in all the doses treated. The observed changes in miRNA expression introduces an additional mechanistic dimension that supports the significance of the observed mRNA expression changes, and demonstrated that the nano-TiO2 in vitro treatment in human lung cells can cause diverse but coordinated pathway alterations associated with changes in in vivo response to tumorigenes. C1 [Thai, Sheau-Fung; Wallace, Kathleen A.; Jones, Carlton P.; Ren, Hongzu; Prasad, Raju Y.; Ward, William O.; Kohan, Michael J.; Blackman, Carl F.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Thai, SF (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B105-3, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Blackman, Carl/0000-0003-3267-5224 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 102 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 38 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 EI 1533-4899 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 492 EP 503 DI 10.1166/jnn.2015.9202 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AT6NA UT WOS:000345054000089 PM 26328389 ER PT J AU Pauer, JJ DePetro, PA Anstead, AM Lehrter, JC AF Pauer, James J. DePetro, Phillip A. Anstead, Amy M. Lehrter, John C. TI Application of a one-dimensional model to explore the drivers and lability of carbon in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Modeling; Nutrients; Hypoxia; Dissolved organic carbon; Light limitation; Gulf of Mexico ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION; COASTAL WATERS; FOOD-WEB; HYPOXIA; NITROGEN; GROWTH; REGION AB A one-dimensional water quality model, Gulf of Mexico Dissolved Oxygen Model (GoMDOM-1D), was developed to simulate phytoplankton, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The model was calibrated and corroborated against a comprehensive set of field observations and process measurements. Model results fit measured nutrients and phytoplankton concentrations well, but the model was unable to sustain dissolved organic carbon and water-column respiration at measured levels. The decline in modeled dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and respiration supports the notion that autochthonous production of DOC was insufficient to offset the respiratory demand from bacterial processes for the most of the Louisiana continental shelf. Transport of carbon from high production areas close to the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River plumes likely supplied a part of the respiratory demand of the water column. Modeling results showed that DOC in the study area on the Louisiana shelf was very labile with the highest lability during the month of June, and decreased lability in April. Primary production at the study sites was mainly nitrogen limited, although phosphorus limitation was found in the surface layers for the areas most impacted by the Mississippi River plume. The model also provided insights into the interplay between nutrients and light in regulating phytoplankton production, which is important when predicting the location and extent of hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pauer, James J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div,Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [DePetro, Phillip A.] ICF Int, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Lehrter, John C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Pauer, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div,Large Lakes Res Stn, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM pauer.james@epa.gov NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 24 PY 2014 VL 294 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.09.007 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU8BG UT WOS:000345821100007 ER PT J AU McConnell, ER Bell, SM Cote, I Wang, RL Perkins, EJ Garcia-Reyero, N Gong, P Burgoon, LD AF McConnell, Emma R. Bell, Shannon M. Cote, Ila Wang, Rong-Lin Perkins, Edward J. Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Gong, Ping Burgoon, Lyle D. TI Systematic Omics Analysis Review (SOAR) Tool to Support Risk Assessment SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Review ID GENE-EXPRESSION; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; DIESEL EXHAUST; TRANSCRIPTOME; TCDD; MICROARRAY; EXPOSURE; CELLS AB Environmental health risk assessors are challenged to understand and incorporate new data streams as the field of toxicology continues to adopt new molecular and systems biology technologies. Systematic screening reviews can help risk assessors and assessment teams determine which studies to consider for inclusion in a human health assessment. A tool for systematic reviews should be standardized and transparent in order to consistently determine which studies meet minimum quality criteria prior to performing in-depth analyses of the data. The Systematic Omics Analysis Review (SOAR) tool is focused on assisting risk assessment support teams in performing systematic reviews of transcriptomic studies. SOAR is a spreadsheet tool of 35 objective questions developed by domain experts, focused on transcriptomic microarray studies, and including four main topics: test system, test substance, experimental design, and microarray data. The tool will be used as a guide to identify studies that meet basic published quality criteria, such as those defined by the Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment standard and the Toxicological Data Reliability Assessment Tool. Seven scientists were recruited to test the tool by using it to independently rate 15 published manuscripts that study chemical exposures with microarrays. Using their feedback, questions were weighted based on importance of the information and a suitability cutoff was set for each of the four topic sections. The final validation resulted in 100% agreement between the users on four separate manuscripts, showing that the SOAR tool may be used to facilitate the standardized and transparent screening of microarray literature for environmental human health risk assessment. C1 [McConnell, Emma R.; Bell, Shannon M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Cote, Ila] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Arlington, VA USA. [Wang, Rong-Lin] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Perkins, Edward J.] US Army, Corps Engineers, Dept Army, Dept Def, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Jackson, MS USA. [Gong, Ping] SpecPro Inc, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Burgoon, Lyle D.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Burgoon, LD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Burgoon.Lyle@epa.gov OI Burgoon, Lyle/0000-0003-4977-5352 FU US EPA's Human Health Risk Assessment Program; SpecPro, Inc FX This work was funded by the US EPA's Human Health Risk Assessment Program. The funders had no role in study design, or data collection and analysis. EPA management cleared the manuscript for publication, which included helpful suggestions that improved the overall quality of the manuscript, consistent with the US EPA Scientific Integrity Policy. Co-author Ping Gong is employed by SpecPro, Inc. SpecPro, Inc provided support in the form of salary for author PG, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific role of this author is articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 22 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 12 AR UNSP e110379 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0110379 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CA3ZY UT WOS:000348845100002 PM 25531884 ER PT J AU Brantley, HL Thoma, ED Squier, WC Guven, BB Lyon, D AF Brantley, Halley L. Thoma, Eben D. Squier, William C. Guven, Birnur B. Lyon, David TI Assessment of Methane Emissions from Oil and Gas Production Pads using Mobile Measurements SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-GAS AB A new mobile methane emissions inspection approach, Other Test Method (OTM) 33A, was used to quantify short-term emission rates from 210 oil and gas production pads during eight two-week field studies in Texas, Colorado, and Wyoming from 2010 to 2013. Emission rates were log-normally distributed with geometric means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 0.33 (0.23, 0.48), 0.14 (0.11, 0.19), and 0.59 (0.47, 0.74) g/s in the Barnett, Denver-Julesburg, and Pinedale basins, respectively. This study focused on sites with emission rates above 0.01 g/s and included short-term (i.e., condensate tank flashing) and maintenance-related emissions. The results fell within the upper ranges of the distributions observed in recent onsite direct measurement studies. Considering data across all basins, a multivariate linear regression was used to assess the relationship of methane emissions to well age, gas production, and hydrocarbon liquids (oil or condensate) production. Methane emissions were positively correlated with gas production, but only approximately 10% of the variation in emission rates was explained by variation in production levels. The weak correlation between emission and production rates may indicate that maintenance-related stochastic variables and design of production and control equipment are factors determining emissions. C1 [Brantley, Halley L.; Thoma, Eben D.; Squier, William C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Guven, Birnur B.] Houston Adv Res Ctr, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. [Lyon, David] Environm Def Fund, Austin, TX 78701 USA. RP Thoma, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thoma.eben@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA ORD's Air, Climate, and Energy (ACE); Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) programs; Fiona and Stan Druckenmiller, Heising-Simons Foundation; Bill and Susan Oberndorf, Betsy and Sam Reeves, Robertson Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; TomKat Charitable Trust; Walton Family Foundation FX We thank Shahrooz Amin and Mark Modrak with ARCADIS, Inc., for field and data analysis support for this project. We would like to thank EPA colleagues Bill Mitchell, Adam Eisele, Mike Miller, Jason DeWees, Robin Segall, and Ken Garing and his team for ongoing support in development of OTM 33. Special thanks to Eric Crosson, Chris Rella, and Tracy Tsai with Picarro for ongoing collaboration on mobile measurements. Primary funding for this effort was provided by U.S. EPA ORD's Air, Climate, and Energy (ACE) and Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) programs. Funding for the Environmental Defense Fund's methane research series, including this work, is provided for by Fiona and Stan Druckenmiller, Heising-Simons Foundation, Bill and Susan Oberndorf, Betsy and Sam Reeves, Robertson Foundation, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, TomKat Charitable Trust, and the Walton Family Foundation. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 24 BP 14508 EP 14515 DI 10.1021/es503070q PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX1CO UT WOS:000346686100054 PM 25375308 ER PT J AU George, IJ Hays, MD Snow, R Faircloth, J George, BJ Long, T Baldauf, RW AF George, Ingrid J. Hays, Michael D. Snow, Richard Faircloth, James George, Barbara J. Long, Thomas Baldauf, Richard W. TI Cold Temperature and Biodiesel Fuel Effects on Speciated Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Diesel Trucks SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNREGULATED EMISSIONS; POLLUTANT EMISSIONS; DRIVING CYCLES; HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; PASSENGER CAR; BLENDS; VEHICLE; CARBONYL; PARTICULATE; GASOLINE AB Speciated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in diesel exhaust from three heavy-duty trucks equipped with modern aftertreatment technologies. Emissions testing was conducted on a chassis dynamometer at two ambient temperatures (-7 and 22 degrees C) operating on two fuels (ultra low sulfur diesel and 20% soy biodiesel blend) over three driving cycles: cold start, warm start and heavy-duty urban dynamometer driving cycle. VOCs were measured separately for each drive cycle. Carbonyls such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde dominated VOC emissions, making up similar to 72% of the sum of the speciated VOC emissions (Sigma VOCs) overall. Biodiesel use led to minor reductions in aromatics and variable changes in carbonyls. Cold temperature and cold start conditions caused dramatic enhancements in VOC emissions, mostly carbonyls, compared to the warmer temperature and other drive cycles, respectively. Different 2007+ aftertreatment technologies involving catalyst regeneration led to significant modifications of VOC emissions that were compound-specific and highly dependent on test conditions. A comparison of this work with emission rates from different diesel engines under various test conditions showed that these newer technologies resulted in lower emission rates of aromatic compounds. However, emissions of other toxic partial combustion products such as carbonyls were not reduced in the modern diesel vehicles tested. C1 [George, Ingrid J.; Hays, Michael D.; Snow, Richard; Faircloth, James; Long, Thomas; Baldauf, Richard W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [George, Barbara J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hays, MD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hays.michael@epa.gov RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 24 BP 14782 EP 14789 DI 10.1021/es502949a PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX1CO UT WOS:000346686100086 PM 25393130 ER PT J AU Hubbell, B Greenbaum, D AF Hubbell, Bryan Greenbaum, Daniel TI Counterpoint: Moving From Potential-Outcomes Thinking to Doing-Changing Research Planning to Enable Successful Health Outcomes Research SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE accountability; air pollution; health outcomes; regulations AB The potential-outcomes framework is an appealing new approach that imposes a degree of formal conceptual modeling beyond traditional epidemiologic methods for assessing associations between air pollution and health. However, it introduces a number of additional factors to consider when selecting intervention and especially control conditions that call for forward-thinking research designs. We propose that researchers seeking to implement the potential-outcomes framework consider the use of prospective designs that provide more opportunities to establish well-defined intervention and control populations and determine causal relationships between air quality and health. In implementing these prospective research designs, collaboration between researchers and those who implement the interventions can improve the understanding of how a planned intervention actually occurs, thereby improving the characterization of emissions and air quality responses to the intervention. By looking ahead, epidemiologists can take advantage of upcoming regulatory interventions to design successful health outcomes research programs. C1 [Hubbell, Bryan] US EPA, Hlth & Environm Impacts Div, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Greenbaum, Daniel] Hlth Effects Inst, Boston, MA USA. RP Hubbell, B (reprint author), US EPA, Hlth & Environm Impacts Div, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, MD 504-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hubbell.bryan@epa.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 180 IS 12 BP 1141 EP 1144 DI 10.1093/aje/kwu266 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AW6ZN UT WOS:000346414300002 PM 25399413 ER PT J AU Goltz, MN Huang, JQ AF Goltz, Mark N. Huang, Junqi TI Reply to comment on "Validation of two innovative methods to measure contaminant mass flux in groundwater" by Goltz et al. (2009) SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Groundwater flow; Pump test; Modeling C1 [Goltz, Mark N.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, ENV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Huang, Junqi] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74821 USA. RP Goltz, MN (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, ENV, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.goltz@afit.edu; huang.junqi@epa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 171 BP 83 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.10.014 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA AW6RO UT WOS:000346396400009 PM 25453250 ER PT J AU Ziegler, AD Sidle, RC Phang, VXH Wood, SH Tantasirin, C AF Ziegler, Alan D. Sidle, R. C. Phang, Valerie X. H. Wood, Spencer H. Tantasirin, Chatchai TI Bedload transport in SE Asian streams-Uncertainties and implications for reservoir management SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Bedload-to-sediment ratio; Sediment yield; Road impacts; Mass wasting; Dam building; Agriculture intensification ID GRAVEL-BED STREAM; HELLEY-SMITH SAMPLERS; HORTON OVERLAND-FLOW; NORTHERN THAILAND; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; EXPERIMENTAL REMOVAL; PENINSULAR MALAYSIA; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; LOAD TRANSPORT AB This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding bedload transport in SE Asian streams and presents the results from a case study on bedload transport in a mountain stream in northern Thailand. Together, the review and new data help contextualize the paucity of work done in the region in the face of a rapid increase in development and reservoir building throughout SE Asia. Data from both the reviewed studies and the case study indicate that bedload transport in many SE Asian streams (e.g. catchment areas < 100 km(2)) is often much higher than is commonly assumed for tropical streams (i.e., about 10% of the total sediment load). Estimated annual bedload proportion was 18% of the total annual sediment load in the 74-km(2) Mae Sa Catchment in northern Thailand. Bedload transport rates ranged from 0.001 to 1.1 kg s(-1); and measured total suspended solid (TSS) rates ranged from 0.01 to 39 kg s(-1), equivalent to TSS concentrations of 20 to 14,000 mg I-1 (associated with flows ranging from 0.4 to 30 m(3) s(-1)). Event and annual loads of bedload and TSS were determined from rating curves based on automated measurements of discharge and turbidity (for TSS only). When taking uncertainty into account, the estimated range for the bedload proportion of total sediment load was 9-25% (equivalent to a yield of 81-279 Mg km(-2)y(-1)). The corresponding TSS yield estimate ranged from 649 to 1037 Mg km(-2); and the total sediment load is an estimated 730-1313 Mg km(-2)y(-1). The proportion of bedload was lower than that reported in some other Asia streams, probably due to the occurrence of extended periods with high TSS that dampened the bedload signal, which was sand-dominated during the low-energy events that were sampled. Nevertheless, the bedload rate was generally higher than for most SE Asian locations, likely due to the occurrence of several road-related landslides the previous year. Although we were not able to measure bedload transport for high energy flows (discharges > 4.5 m(3) s(-1)), we believe our upper estimates for bedload variables (25% of the total sediment load; and a yield of 279 Mg Km(-2) y(-1)) provide reasonable upper bounds. Finally, the bulk of bedload transport is episodic in nature, with a higher proportion moved during high energy tropical storms that occur late in the monsoon rainy season, as well as in response to both natural and anthropogenic landscape disturbances. The possibility that bedload proportion could exceed 20-40% for rivers and streams of various sizes reinforces the need for accurate estimates of both bedload and suspended solid loads prior to building dams in the region. Past examples of reservoir closure following rapid infilling possibly stem from underestimating sediment loads, particularly the bedload component, and failing to factor in the very high sediment loads associated with large storm events. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ziegler, Alan D.; Phang, Valerie X. H.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog, Singapore 117568, Singapore. [Sidle, R. C.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. [Wood, Spencer H.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Tantasirin, Chatchai] Kasetsart Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Conservat, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Ziegler, AD (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog, 1 Arts Link, Singapore 117568, Singapore. EM geoadz@nus.edu.sg FU APN [ARCP2006-07NMY, ARCP2007-01CMY]; SARCS [95/01/CW-005]; NASA [IDS/0365-0079]; NSF [EAR-0000546] FX This work was supported in part by grants from the following agencies APN (ARCP2006-07NMY, ARCP2007-01CMY), SARCS (95/01/CW-005), NASA (IDS/0365-0079), NSF (EAR-0000546). Special thanks is given to our colleagues Jefferson M Fox, Thomas W. Giambelluca, and Mike A Nullet, who were instrumental in the establishment of monitoring network at Mae Sa. We also thank R.J. Wasson for comments on the manuscript. This document has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 141 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 227 SI SI BP 31 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.01.015 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AR5KP UT WOS:000343624000004 ER PT J AU Jagai, JS Smith, GS Schmid, JE Wade, TJ AF Jagai, Jyotsna S. Smith, Genee S. Schmid, Judith E. Wade, Timothy J. TI Trends in gastroenteritis-associated mortality in the United States, 1985-2005: variations by ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes SO BMC GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gastroenteritis; Mortality; Intestinal infections ID INCREASING ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE; DISEASES; DEATHS; AGENTS; CARE AB Background: Trends in gastroenteritis-associated mortality are changing over time with development of antibiotic resistant strains of certain pathogens, improved diagnostic methods, and changing healthcare. In 1999, ICD-10 coding was introduced for mortality records which can also affect trends. We assess trends in gastroenteritis-associated mortality and changes associated with coding. Methods: Trends in gastroenteritis-associated mortality rates in the United States were examined using the National Center for Health Statistics Multiple Cause-of-Death Mortality databases for 1985-2005. All deaths with the underlying cause or any contributing cause included gastroenteritis were included. Cases were selected based on ICD9 (pre-1999) and ICD10 (1999-2005) codes and all analyses were stratified by ICD usage. Annual trends in age adjusted mortality rates were assessed using linear regression spline analysis. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Poisson regression adjusted for age group, sex, race, and region. Results: There were a total of 190,674 deaths related to gastroenteritis in the U.S. from 1985-2005 with an average of 9,080 per year. During this time the percent of deaths related to gastroenteritis more than tripled, increasing from 0.25% to 0.80% of all deaths. Though the time periods varied in length, we demonstrate a significant increase in slope from a 0.0054% annual increase during the period 1985-1998, when ICD-9 coding was used, to a 0.0550% annual increase during 1999-2005, when ICD-10 coding was used. For both time periods, the oldest age group (75+ years) demonstrated the highest risk of death due to gastroenteritis. Additionally, males demonstrated higher risk than females and blacks were at higher risk than whites for death due to gastroenteritis. Conclusions: This analysis demonstrates the public health burden of gastroenteritis-associated mortality in the United States and changes in trends due to change from ICD-9 to ICD-10 coding. The overall rate of gastroenteritis-associated mortality has more than tripled over the 21-year period from 1985 to 2005 and the primary burden of deaths due to gastroenteritis is in the elderly population. C1 [Jagai, Jyotsna S.] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL 60625 USA. [Smith, Genee S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Schmid, Judith E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Cores Unit, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jagai, Jyotsna S.; Wade, Timothy J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Publ Hlth Div,Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jagai, JS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL 60625 USA. EM jjagai2@uic.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-230X J9 BMC GASTROENTEROL JI BMC Gastroenterol. PD DEC 10 PY 2014 VL 14 AR 211 DI 10.1186/s12876-014-0211-0 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA AX2AF UT WOS:000346744800002 PM 25492520 ER PT J AU Baig, RBN Varma, RS AF Baig, R. B. Nasir Varma, Rajender S. TI Magnetic Silica-Supported Palladium Catalyst: Synthesis of Allyl Aryl Ethers in Water SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RECYCLABLE CATALYST; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; EFFICIENT; ALCOHOLS; ETHERIFICATION; NANOPARTICLES; ARYLATION; COMPLEX AB A simple and benign procedure for the synthesis of aryl allyl ethers has been developed using phenols, allyl acetates, and magnetically recyclable silica-supported palladium catalyst in water; the performance of the reaction in air and easy separation of the catalyst using an external magnet are sustainable attributes of the reaction. C1 [Baig, R. B. Nasir; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@.epa.gov FU Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory FX R.B.N.B. was supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 10 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 49 BP 18625 EP 18629 DI 10.1021/ie501081q PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA AW5NR UT WOS:000346322200004 ER PT J AU Wang, RL Bencic, DC Garcia-Reyero, N Perkins, EJ Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT Biales, AD AF Wang, Rong-Lin Bencic, David C. Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Perkins, Edward J. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Ankley, Gerald T. Biales, Adam D. TI Natural Variation in Fish Transcriptomes: Comparative Analysis of the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Zebrafish (Danio rerio) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION SIGNATURES; NOISE; CONSEQUENCES; MECHANISMS; PLATFORMS; MOLECULES; EVOLUTION; VARIANCE; PROFILES; PATTERNS AB Fathead minnow and zebrafish are among the most intensively studied fish species in environmental toxicogenomics. To aid the assessment and interpretation of subtle transcriptomic effects from treatment conditions of interest, better characterization and understanding are needed for natural variation in gene expression among fish individuals from lab cultures. Leveraging the transcriptomics data from a number of our toxicogenomics studies conducted over the years, we conducted a meta-analysis of nearly 600 microarrays generated from the ovary tissue of untreated, reproductively mature fathead minnow and zebrafish samples. As expected, there was considerable batch-to-batch transcriptomic variation; this "batch-effect'' appeared to differentially impact subsets of fish transcriptomes in a nonsystematic way. Temporally more closely spaced batches tended to share a greater transcriptomic similarity among one another. The overall level of within-batch variation was quite low in fish ovary tissue, making it a suitable system for studying chemical stressors with subtle biological effects. The observed differences in the within-batch variability of gene expression, at the levels of both individual genes and pathways, were probably both technical and biological. This suggests that biological interpretation and prioritization of genes and pathways targeted by experimental conditions should take into account both their intrinsic variability and the size of induced transcriptional changes. There was significant conservation of both the genomes and transcriptomes between fathead minnow and zebrafish. The high degree of conservation offers promising opportunities in not only studying fish molecular responses to environmental stressors by a comparative biology approach, but also effective sharing of a large amount of existing public transcriptomics data for developing toxicogenomics applications. C1 [Wang, Rong-Lin; Bencic, David C.; Biales, Adam D.] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Mississippi State Univ, Inst Genom Biocomp & Biotechnol, Starkville, MS USA. [Perkins, Edward J.] US Army Corps Engn, US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Wang, Rong-Lin; Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN USA. RP Wang, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wang.rong-lin@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA; U.S. Army [BAA 11-4838] FX Funding was provided by U.S. EPA and U.S. Army (grant BAA 11-4838). The manuscript has been approved for publication by U.S. EPA and U.S. Army Corps Chief of Engineers. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 10 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 12 AR e114178 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0114178 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AW9YP UT WOS:000346611400034 PM 25493933 ER PT J AU Tufts, JAM Meyer, KM Calfee, MW Lee, SD AF Tufts, Jenia A. M. Meyer, Kathryn M. Calfee, Michael Worth Lee, Sang Don TI Composite Sampling of a Bacillus anthracis Surrogate with Cellulose Sponge Surface Samplers from a Nonporous Surface SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; STAINLESS-STEEL; SPORES; SURVIVAL AB A series of experiments was conducted to explore the utility of composite-based collection of surface samples for the detection of a Bacillus anthracis surrogate using cellulose sponge samplers on a nonporous stainless steel surface. Two composite-based collection approaches were evaluated over a surface area of 3716 cm(2) (four separate 929 cm(2) areas), larger than the 645 cm(2) prescribed by the standard Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention cellulose sponge sampling protocol for use on nonporous surfaces. The CDC method was also compared to a modified protocol where only one surface of the sponge sampler was used for each of the four areas composited. Differences in collection efficiency compared to positive controls and the potential for contaminant transfer for each protocol were assessed. The impact of the loss of wetting buffer from the sponge sampler onto additional surface areas sampled was evaluated. Statistical tests of the results using ANOVA indicate that the collection of composite samples using the modified sampling protocol is comparable to the collection of composite samples using the standard CDC protocol (p = 0.261). Most of the surface-bound spores are collected on the first sampling pass, suggesting that multiple passes with the sponge sampler over the same surface may be unnecessary. The effect of moisture loss from the sponge sampler on collection efficiency was not significant (p = 0.720) for both methods. Contaminant transfer occurs with both sampling protocols, but the magnitude of transfer is significantly greater when using the standard protocol than when the modified protocol is used (p<0.001). The results of this study suggest that composite surface sampling, by either method presented here, could successfully be used to increase the surface area sampled per sponge sampler, resulting in reduced sampling times in the field and decreased laboratory processing cost and turn-around times. C1 [Tufts, Jenia A. M.; Meyer, Kathryn M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Tufts, Jenia A. M.; Meyer, Kathryn M.; Calfee, Michael Worth; Lee, Sang Don] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Calfee, MW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM calfee.worth@epa.gov FU US EPA through an Interagency Agreement; US Department of Energy's ORISE program; US EPA; ORISE FX This work was funded by the US EPA through an Interagency Agreement with the US Department of Energy's ORISE program. Authors MWC and SDL received salary funds from the US EPA; JAT and KM received fellowship stipends through ORISE. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 3 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 12 AR e114082 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0114082 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CA7WS UT WOS:000349128700068 PM 25470365 ER PT J AU Wang, HH Ho, KT Scheckel, KG Wu, FC Cantwell, MG Katz, DR Horowitz, DB Boothman, WS Burgess, RM AF Wang, Huanhua Ho, Kay T. Scheckel, Kirk G. Wu, Fengchang Cantwell, Mark G. Katz, David R. Horowitz, Doranne Borsay Boothman, Warren S. Burgess, Robert M. TI Toxicity, Bioaccumulation, and Biotransformation of Silver Nanoparticles in Marine Organisms SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSFORMATIONS; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; NEREIS-DIVERSICOLOR; SEDIMENTS; POLYCHAETE; IMPACT; BIOAVAILABILITY; FATE; AGGREGATION AB The toxicity, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation of citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated silver nanoparticles (NPs) (AgNP-citrate and AgNP-PVP) in marine organisms via marine sediment exposure was investigated. Results from 7-d sediment toxicity tests indicate that AgNP-citrate and AgNP-PVP did not exhibit toxicity to the amphipod (Ampelisca abdita) and mysid (Americamysis bahia) at <= 75 mg/kg dry wt. A 28-d bioaccumulation study showed that Ag was significantly accumulated in the marine polychaete Nereis virens (N. virens) in the AgNP-citrate, AgNP-PVP and a conventional salt (AgNO3) treatments. Synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) results showed the distribution of Ag species in marine sediments amended with AgNP-citrate, AgNP-PVP, and AgNO3 was AgCl (50-65%) > Ag2S (32-42%) > Ag metal (Ag-0) (3-11%). In N virens, AgCl (25-59%) and Ag2S (10-31%) generally decreased and, Ag metal (32-44%) increased, relative to the sediments. The patterns of speciation in the worm were different depending upon the coating of the AgNP and both types of AgNPs were different than the AgNO3 salt. These results show that the AgNP surface capping agents influenced Ag uptake, biotransformation, and/or excretion. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the bioaccumulation and speciation of AgNPs in a marine organism (N. virens). C1 [Wang, Huanhua; Ho, Kay T.; Cantwell, Mark G.; Katz, David R.; Horowitz, Doranne Borsay; Boothman, Warren S.; Burgess, Robert M.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Wang, Huanhua; Wu, Fengchang] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Criteria & Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Ho, KT (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM ho.kay@epa.gov; wufengchang@vip.skleg.cn RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 FU U.S. EPA as a National Research Council postdoctoral research associate; DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; US Department of Energy - Basic Energy Sciences; NSERC; University of Washington; Canadian Light Source; Advanced Photon Source; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX H. Wang was supported by the U.S. EPA as a National Research Council postdoctoral research associate. The authors wish to thank Drs. Todd Luxton, Walter Berry, and Shibin Li of the USEPA for their insightful reviews of this manuscript. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Sector 20 facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, and research at these facilities, are supported by the US Department of Energy - Basic Energy Sciences, a Major Resources Support grant from NSERC, the University of Washington, the Canadian Light Source, and the Advanced Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors wish to thank Dr. Dale L. Brewe and Dr. Robert Gordon for assistance in X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence mapping at beamline 20-ID-B,C of PNC/XSD facilities. This research has been subject to U.S. EPA peer review; however, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names of commercial products and companies does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is ORD # 007579. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 10 U2 94 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 2 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 23 BP 13711 EP 13717 DI 10.1021/es502976y PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU7TN UT WOS:000345803800019 PM 25369427 ER PT J AU Whitehouse, PJ Sykes, K George, DR AF Whitehouse, Peter J. Sykes, Kathy George, Daniel R. TI Ecological Change and Aging: A Need to Think Deeply and Act Quickly SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGING & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Whitehouse, Peter J.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Shaker Hts, OH 44122 USA. [Sykes, Kathy] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [George, Daniel R.] Penn State Coll Med, Hershey, PA USA. RP Whitehouse, PJ (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, 2895 Carlton Rd, Shaker Hts, OH 44122 USA. EM peter.whitehouse@case.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0091-4150 EI 1541-3535 J9 INT J AGING HUM DEV JI Int. J. Aging Human Dev. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 80 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1177/0091415015591106 PG 7 WC Gerontology; Psychology, Developmental SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychology GA CP2QR UT WOS:000359722600001 PM 26215295 ER PT J AU Goh, V Yap, HM Gutierrez, RA Ng, LC Vesper, SS AF Goh, V Yap, H. M. Gutierrez, R. A. Ng, L. C. Vesper, S. S. TI DNA-Based Analyses of Molds in Singapore Public Buildings Results in a Proposed Singapore Environmental Relative Moldiness Index SO TROPICAL BIOMEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS AB Dust samples (n=75) were collected from shopping malls, hotels and libraries in Singapore and then analyzed using Mold Specific Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (MSQPCR) for the 36 molds that make up the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI). Most of these molds (23/36) occur at similar rates in Singapore and the United States. A Singapore Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (SERMI) is proposed which might be divided into low (<18), medium (18 to 28) and high (>28) mold burden categories but more samples will help to refine these categories. C1 [Goh, V; Yap, H. M.; Gutierrez, R. A.; Ng, L. C.] Natl Environm Agcy, Environm Hlth Inst, Singapore 138667, Singapore. [Vesper, S. S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Ng, LC (reprint author), Natl Environm Agcy, Environm Hlth Inst, 11 Biopolis Way,06-05-08 Helios Block, Singapore 138667, Singapore. EM ng_lee_ching@nea.gov.sg FU Ministry of Environment and Water Resources (MEWR), Environmental Innovation Funds [EIF 038] FX This research was supported by the Ministry of Environment and Water Resources (MEWR), Environmental Innovation Funds (EIF 038). We would like to thank the shopping malls, libraries and hotels, which have kindly agreed to participate in this study. The National Environment Agency of Singapore would also like to express their heartfelt thanks to Dr Stephen Vesper, Environmental Protection Agency, United States, for his dedicated collaboration and guidance in the project. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU MALAYSIAN SOC PARASITOLOGY TROPICAL MEDICINE PI KUALA LUMPUR PA C/O INST MEDICAL REEARCH, JALAN PAHANG, KUALA LUMPUR, 50588, MALAYSIA SN 0127-5720 J9 TROP BIOMED JI Trop. Biomed. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 31 IS 4 BP 663 EP 669 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CB6CJ UT WOS:000349714200010 PM 25776591 ER PT J AU Varma, RS AF Varma, Rajender S. TI Greener and Sustainable Chemistry SO APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL LA English DT Editorial Material ID ASSISTED ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; BENIGN REACTION MEDIA; SUPPORTED REAGENTS; MICROWAVE; NANOPARTICLES; CATALYSTS C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 27 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2076-3417 J9 APPL SCI-BASEL JI Appl. Sci.-Basel PD DEC PY 2014 VL 4 IS 4 BP 493 EP 497 DI 10.3390/app4040493 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA CA3ZP UT WOS:000348844200002 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Crump, D Garcia-Reyero, N Hecker, M Hutchinson, TH LaLone, CA Landesmann, B Lettieri, T Munn, S Nepelska, M Ottinger, MA Vergauwen, L Whelan, M AF Villeneuve, Daniel L. Crump, Doug Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Hecker, Markus Hutchinson, Thomas H. LaLone, Carlie A. Landesmann, Brigitte Lettieri, Teresa Munn, Sharon Nepelska, Malgorzata Ottinger, Mary Ann Vergauwen, Lucia Whelan, Maurice TI Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) Development I: Strategies and Principles SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE adverse outcome pathway; regulatory toxicology; predictive toxicology; extrapolation; knowledgebase ID DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; RISK-ASSESSMENT; IPCS FRAMEWORK; MODE; IDENTIFICATION; PRIORITIZATION; RELEVANCE; HUMANS AB An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is a conceptual framework that organizes existing knowledge concerning biologically plausible, and empirically supported, links between molecular-level perturbation of a biological system and an adverse outcome at a level of biological organization of regulatory relevance. Systematic organization of information into AOP frameworks has potential to improve regulatory decision-making through greater integration and more meaningful use of mechanistic data. However, for the scientific community to collectively develop a useful AOP knowledgebase that encompasses toxicological contexts of concern to human health and ecological risk assessment, it is critical that AOPs be developed in accordance with a consistent set of core principles. Based on the experiences and scientific discourse among a group of AOP practitioners, we propose a set of five fundamental principles that guide AOP development: (1) AOPs are not chemical specific; (2) AOPs are modular and composed of reusable components-notably key events (KEs) and key event relationships (KERs); (3) an individual AOP, composed of a single sequence of KEs and KERs, is a pragmatic unit of AOP development and evaluation; (4) networks composed of multiple AOPs that share common KEs and KERs are likely to be the functional unit of prediction for most real-world scenarios; and (5) AOPs are living documents that will evolve over time as new knowledge is generated. The goal of the present article was to introduce some strategies for AOP development and detail the rationale behind these 5 key principles. Consideration of these principles addresses many of the current uncertainties regarding the AOP framework and its application and is intended to foster greater consistency in AOP development. C1 [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; LaLone, Carlie A.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Crump, Doug] Environm Canada, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Mississippi State Univ, Inst Genom Biocomp & Biotechnol, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Hecker, Markus] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada. [Hecker, Markus] Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada. [Hutchinson, Thomas H.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Biol Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [LaLone, Carlie A.] Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Landesmann, Brigitte; Lettieri, Teresa; Munn, Sharon; Nepelska, Malgorzata; Whelan, Maurice] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Ottinger, Mary Ann] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Vergauwen, Lucia] Univ Antwerp, Dept Vet Sci, Zebrafishlab, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov OI Vergauwen, Lucia/0000-0002-6534-7473 NR 25 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 10 U2 74 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 142 IS 2 BP 312 EP 320 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfu199 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AY5MZ UT WOS:000347617800001 PM 25466378 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Crump, D Garcia-Reyero, N Hecker, M Hutchinson, TH LaLone, CA Landesmann, B Lettieri, T Munn, S Nepelska, M Ottinger, MA Vergauwen, L Whelan, M AF Villeneuve, Daniel L. Crump, Doug Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Hecker, Markus Hutchinson, Thomas H. LaLone, Carlie A. Landesmann, Brigitte Lettieri, Teresa Munn, Sharon Nepelska, Malgorzata Ottinger, Mary Ann Vergauwen, Lucia Whelan, Maurice TI Adverse Outcome Pathway Development II: Best Practices SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE adverse outcome pathway; regulatory toxicology; predictive toxicology; extrapolation; knowledgebase ID GROWTH PROMOTER 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; IPCS FRAMEWORK; TOXICITY; CONSERVATION; TARGETS; MODE; 21ST-CENTURY; REACTIVITY AB Organization of existing and emerging toxicological knowledge into adverse outcome pathway (AOP) descriptions can facilitate greater application of mechanistic data, including those derived through high-throughput in vitro, high content omics and imaging, and biomarker approaches, in risk-based decision making. The previously ad hoc process of AOP development is being formalized through development of internationally harmonized guidance and principles. The goal of this article was to outline the information content desired for formal AOP description and some rules of thumb and best practices intended to facilitate reuse and connectivity of elements of an AOP description in a knowledgebase and network context. For example, key events (KEs) are measurements of change in biological state that are indicative of progression of a perturbation toward a specified adverse outcome. Best practices for KE description suggest that each KE should be defined as an independent measurement made at a particular level of biological organization. The concept of "functional equivalence" can help guide both decisions about how many KEs to include in an AOP and the specificity with which they are defined. Likewise, in describing both KEs and evidence that supports a causal linkage or statistical association between them (ie, a key event relationship; KER), best practice is to build from and contribute to existing KE or KER descriptions in the AOP knowledgebase rather than creating redundant descriptions. The best practices proposed address many of the challenges and uncertainties related to AOP development and help promote a consistent and reliable, yet flexible approach. C1 [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; LaLone, Carlie A.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Crump, Doug] Environm Canada, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Mississippi State Univ, Inst Genom Biocomp & Biotechnol, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Hecker, Markus] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada. [Hecker, Markus] Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada. [Hutchinson, Thomas H.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Biol Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [LaLone, Carlie A.] Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Landesmann, Brigitte; Lettieri, Teresa; Munn, Sharon; Nepelska, Malgorzata; Whelan, Maurice] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Ottinger, Mary Ann] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Vergauwen, Lucia] Univ Antwerp, Dept Vet Sci, Zebrafishlab, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov OI Vergauwen, Lucia/0000-0002-6534-7473 NR 27 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 43 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 142 IS 2 BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfu200 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AY5MZ UT WOS:000347617800002 PM 25466379 ER PT J AU Snow, SJ McGee, J Miller, DB Bass, V Schladweiler, MC Thomas, RF Krantz, T King, C Ledbetter, AD Richards, J Weinstein, JP Conner, T Willis, R Linak, WP Nash, D Wood, CE Elmore, SA Morrison, JP Johnson, CL Gilmour, MI Kodavanti, UP AF Snow, Samantha J. McGee, John Miller, Desinia B. Bass, Virginia Schladweiler, Mette C. Thomas, Ronald F. Krantz, Todd King, Charly Ledbetter, Allen D. Richards, Judy Weinstein, Jason P. Conner, Teri Willis, Robert Linak, William P. Nash, David Wood, Charles E. Elmore, Susan A. Morrison, James P. Johnson, Crystal L. Gilmour, Matthew Ian Kodavanti, Urmila P. TI Inhaled Diesel Emissions Generated with Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Fuel Additive Induce Adverse Pulmonary and Systemic Effects SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE diesel exhaust; cerium oxide; cardiopulmonary; nanoparticle ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; EXHAUST INHALATION; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; PARTICLES; CELLS AB Diesel exhaust (DE) exposure induces adverse cardiopulmonary effects. Cerium oxide nanoparticles added to diesel fuel (DECe) increases fuel burning efficiency but leads to altered emission characteristics and potentially altered health effects. Here, we evaluated whether DECe results in greater adverse pulmonary effects compared with DE. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to filtered air, DE, or DECe for 5 h/day for 2 days. N-acetyl glucosaminidase activity was increased in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats exposed to DECe but not DE. There were also marginal but insignificant increases in several other lung injury biomarkers in both exposure groups (DECe>DE for all). To further characterize DECe toxicity, rats in a second study were exposed to filtered air or DECe for 5 h/day for 2 days or 4 weeks. Tissue analysis indicated a concentration-and time-dependent accumulation of lung and liver cerium followed by a delayed clearance. The gas-phase and high concentration of DECe increased lung inflammation at the 2-day time point, indicating that gas-phase components, in addition to particles, contribute to pulmonary toxicity. This effect was reduced at 4 weeks except for a sustained increase in BALF gamma-glutamyl transferase activity. Histopathology and transmission electron microscopy revealed increased alveolar septa thickness due to edema and increased numbers of pigmented macrophages after DECe exposure. Collectively, these findings indicate that DECe induces more adverse pulmonary effects on a mass basis than DE. In addition, lung accumulation of cerium, systemic translocation to the liver, and delayed clearance are added concerns to existing health effects of DECe. C1 [Snow, Samantha J.; Miller, Desinia B.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Snow, Samantha J.; McGee, John; Schladweiler, Mette C.; Thomas, Ronald F.; Krantz, Todd; King, Charly; Ledbetter, Allen D.; Richards, Judy; Gilmour, Matthew Ian; Kodavanti, Urmila P.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bass, Virginia] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Weinstein, Jason P.; Conner, Teri; Willis, Robert] US EPA, Environm Characterizat & Apportionment Branch, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Linak, William P.; Nash, David] US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, NRMRL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nash, David] Arcadis US Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Wood, Charles E.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Elmore, Susan A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Morrison, James P.; Johnson, Crystal L.] Pathol Associates Inc, Charles River Labs, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Snow, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, NHEERL, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM snow.samantha@epa.gov OI Bass, Virginia/0000-0001-6219-2448; Snow, Samantha/0000-0003-1812-8582 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/University of North Carolina Toxicology [CR835152010]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Senior Environmental Employment Program; Division of the National Toxicology Program of the National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/University of North Carolina Toxicology Training Agreement CR835152010 to S.J.S.; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Senior Environmental Employment Program to R.F.T.; and the Division of the National Toxicology Program of the National Institutes of Health. NR 66 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 142 IS 2 BP 403 EP 417 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfu187 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AY5MZ UT WOS:000347617800010 PM 25239632 ER PT J AU Dishaw, LV Hunter, DL Padnos, B Padilla, S Stapleton, HM AF Dishaw, Laura V. Hunter, Deborah L. Padnos, Beth Padilla, Stephanie Stapleton, Heather M. TI Developmental Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants Elicits Overt Toxicity and Alters Behavior in Early Life Stage Zebrafish (Danio rerio) SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE flame retardant; organophosphate; TDCPP; zebrafish; development; neurotoxicity ID LARVAL ZEBRAFISH; HORMONE-LEVELS; HOUSE-DUST; IN-VIVO; TDCPP; CHLORPYRIFOS; NEUROTOXICITY; METABOLITES; PHOSPHATE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AB Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are common replacements for the phased-out polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and have been detected at high concentrations in environmental samples. OPFRs are structurally similar to organophosphate pesticides and may adversely affect the developing nervous system. This study evaluated the overt toxicity, uptake, and neurobehavioral effects of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), and tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (TDBPP) in early life stage zebrafish. Chlorpyrifos was used as a positive control. For overt toxicity and neurobehavioral assessments, zebrafish were exposed from 0 to 5 days postfertilization (dpf). Hatching, death, or malformations were evaluated daily. Teratogenic effects were scored by visual examination on 6 dpf. To evaluate uptake and metabolism, zebrafish were exposed to 1 mu M of each organophosphate (OP) flame retardant and collected on 1 and 5 dpf to monitor accumulation. Larval swimming activity was measured in 6 dpf larvae to evaluate neurobehavioral effects of exposures below the acute toxicity threshold. TDBPP elicited the greatest toxicity at >1 mu M. TDCPP and chlorpyrifos were overtly toxic at concentrations >= 10 mu M, TCEP, and TCPP were not overtly toxic at the doses tested. Tissue concentrations increased with increasing hydrophobicity of the parent chemical after 24h exposures. TDCPP and TDBPP and their respective metabolites were detected in embryos on 5 dpf. For all chemicals tested, developmental exposures that were not overtly toxic significantly altered larval swimming activity. These data indicate that OPFRs adversely affect development of early life stage zebrafish. C1 [Dishaw, Laura V.; Stapleton, Heather M.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Hunter, Deborah L.; Padnos, Beth; Padilla, Stephanie] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Stapleton, HM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Box 90328,LSRC A220, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM heather.stapleton@duke.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01 ES016099]; US Environmental Protection Agency STAR Fellowship [FP 91728801] FX This study was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01 ES016099] and the US Environmental Protection Agency STAR Fellowship [FP 91728801]. NR 43 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 17 U2 127 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 142 IS 2 BP 445 EP 454 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfu194 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AY5MZ UT WOS:000347617800014 PM 25239634 ER PT J AU Wu, WD Muller, R Berhane, K Fruin, S Liu, FF Jaspers, I Diaz-Sanchez, D Peden, DB McConnell, R AF Wu, Weidong Muller, Robin Berhane, Kiros Fruin, Scott Liu, Feifei Jaspers, Ilona Diaz-Sanchez, David Peden, David B. McConnell, Rob TI Inflammatory Response of Monocytes to Ambient Particles Varies by Highway Proximity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE traffic-related air pollution; oxidative stress; inflammation; exposure assessment; epidemiology ID AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; AIR-POLLUTION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DAILY MORTALITY; DIFFERENT SITES; LUNG INJURY; UTAH VALLEY AB Epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations of chronic respiratory disease with near-roadway pollutant exposure, effects that were independent of those of regional air pollutants. However, there has been limited study of the potential mechanisms for near roadway effects. Therefore, we examined the in vitro effect of respirable particulate matter (PM) collected adjacent to a major Los Angeles freeway and at an urban background location. PM was collected on filters during two consecutive 15-day periods. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response (intracellular reactive oxygen species [ROS], IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha) to PM aqueous extract was assessed in THP-1 cells, a model for evaluating monocyte/macrophage lineage cell responses. The near-roadway PM induced statistically significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha (P < 0.01) and a near significant increase in IL-1 beta (P = 0.06) but did not induce ROS activity (P = 0.17). The contrast between urban background and near-roadway PM-induced inflammatory cytokines was similar in magnitude to that corresponding to temporal differences between the two collection periods. PM-induced proinflammatory protein expression was attenuated by antioxidant pretreatment, and PM stimulation enhanced the activity of protein kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Pretreatment of THP-1 cells with kinase inhibitors reduced PM-induced proinflammatory mediator expression. The proinflammatory response was also reduced by pretreatment with polymyxin B, suggesting a role for endotoxin. However, the patterns of PM-induced protein kinase response and the attenuation of inflammatory responses by antioxidant or polymyxin B pretreatment did not vary between near-roadway and urban background locations. We conclude that near-roadway PM produced greater inflammatory response than urban background PM, a finding consistent with emerging epidemiologic findings, but these differences were not explained by PM endotoxin content or by MAPK pathways. Nevertheless, THP-1 cells may be a model for the development of biologically relevant metrics of long-term spatial variation in exposure for study of chronic disease. C1 [Wu, Weidong] Xinxiang Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Xinxiang, Henan Province, Peoples R China. [Wu, Weidong; Muller, Robin; Jaspers, Ilona; Peden, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Berhane, Kiros; Fruin, Scott; Liu, Feifei; McConnell, Rob] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Diaz-Sanchez, David] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP McConnell, R (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM rmcconne@usc.edu FU National Institutes of Health [P30ES007048, P01ES011627, P01ES022845, R01 ES016535, T32 ES007126, K25ES019224, U19AI077437]; Environmental Protection Agency [CR 83346301, RD83544101, R831845]; Hastings Foundation FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants P30ES007048, P01ES011627, P01ES022845, R01 ES016535, T32 ES007126, K25ES019224, and U19AI077437; by Environmental Protection Agency grants CR 83346301, RD83544101, and R831845; and by the Hastings Foundation. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1044-1549 EI 1535-4989 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 51 IS 6 BP 802 EP 809 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0265OC PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA AY2KS UT WOS:000347419700009 PM 24895888 ER PT J AU Martinu, T Gowdy, KM Nugent, JL Sun, J Kinnier, CV Nelson, ME Lyes, MA Kelly, FL Foster, WM Gunn, MD Palmer, SM AF Martinu, Tereza Gowdy, Kymberly M. Nugent, Julia L. Sun, Jesse Kinnier, Christine V. Nelson, Margaret E. Lyes, Matthew A. Kelly, Francine L. Foster, W. Michael Gunn, Michael D. Palmer, Scott M. TI Role of C-C Motif Ligand 2 and C-C Motif Receptor 2 in Murine Pulmonary Graft-versus-Host Disease after Lipopolysaccharide Inhalations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE graft-versus-host disease; lipopolysaccharide; dendritic cells; C-C motif ligand 2; C-C motif receptor 2 ID CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 MCP-1; IDIOPATHIC PNEUMONIA SYNDROME; STEM-CELL TRANSPLANTATION; INNATE IMMUNE ACTIVATION; DENDRITIC CELLS; LUNG INJURY; AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; INHALED LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR-2; CCR2(-/-) MICE AB Environmental exposures are a potential trigger of chronic pulmonary graft-versus-host disease (pGVHD) after successful recovery from hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). We hypothesized that inhalations of LPS, a prototypic environmental stimulus, trigger pGVHD via increased pulmonary recruitment of donor-derived antigen-presenting cells (APCs) through the C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2)-C-C motif receptor 2 (CCR2) chemokine axis. B10.BR(H2(k)) and C57BL/6(H2(b)) mice underwent allogeneic (Allo) or syngeneic (Syn) HCT with wild-type (WT) C57BL/6, CCL2(-/-), or CCR2(-/-) donors. After 4 weeks, recipient mice received daily inhaled LPS for 5 days and were killed at multiple time points. Allo mice exposed to repeated inhaled LPS developed prominent lymphocytic bronchiolitis, similar to human pGVHD. The increase in pulmonary T cells in Allo mice after LPS exposures was accompanied by increased CCL2, CCR2, and Type-1 T-helper cytokines as well as by monocytes and monocytederived dendritic cells (moDCs) compared with Syn and nontransplanted controls. Using CCL2(-/-) donors leads to a significant decrease in lungDCs but to only mildly reduced CD4 T cells. Using CCR2(-/-) donors significantly reduces lung DCs and moDCs but does not change T cells. CCL2 or CCR2 deficiency does not alter pGVHD pathology but increases airway hyperreactivity and IL-5 or IL-13 cytokines. Our results show that hematopoietic donor- derived CCL2 and CCR2 regulate recruitment of APCs to the Allo lung after LPS exposure. Although they do not alter pathologic pGVHD, their absence is associated with increased airway hyperreactivity and IL-5 and IL-13 cytokines. These results suggest that the APC changes that result from CCL2-CCR2 blockade may have unexpected effects on T cell differentiation and physiologic outcomes in HCT. C1 [Martinu, Tereza; Nelson, Margaret E.; Lyes, Matthew A.; Kelly, Francine L.; Foster, W. Michael; Gunn, Michael D.; Palmer, Scott M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Palmer, Scott M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Gowdy, Kymberly M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Nugent, Julia L.; Sun, Jesse] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kinnier, Christine V.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Martinu, T (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, DUMC Box 3221, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM tereza.martinu@duke.edu FU National Institutes of Health [S10RR019145] FX The authors thank Mr. Robert F. Beasley for help with lung DC isolation. Flow cytometric sorting was performed in the Duke Human Vaccine Institute Research Flow Cytometry Shared Resource Facility (Durham, NC) supported by National Institutes of Health grant S10RR019145. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1044-1549 EI 1535-4989 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 51 IS 6 BP 810 EP 821 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0451OC PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA AY2KS UT WOS:000347419700010 PM 24921973 ER PT J AU Filer, D Patisaul, HB Schug, T Reif, D Thayer, K AF Filer, Dayne Patisaul, Heather B. Schug, Thaddeus Reif, David Thayer, Kristina TI Test driving ToxCast: endocrine profiling for 1858 chemicals included in phase II SO CURRENT OPINION IN PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTION AB Identifying chemicals, beyond those already implicated, to test for potential endocrine disruption is a challenge and high throughput approaches have emerged as a potential tool for this type of screening. This review focused the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) ToxCast (TM) high throughput in vitro screening (HTS) program. Utility for identifying compounds was assessed and reviewed by using it to run the recently expanded chemical library (from 309 compounds to 1858) through the ToxPi (TM) prioritization scheme for endocrine disruption. The analysis included metabolic and neuroendocrine targets. This investigative approach simultaneously assessed the utility of ToxCast, and helped identify novel chemicals which may have endocrine activity. Results from this exercise suggest the spectrum of environmental chemicals with potential endocrine activity is much broader than indicated, and that some aspects of endocrine disruption are not fully covered in ToxCast. C1 [Filer, Dayne] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Patisaul, Heather B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Human Hlth & Environm, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Schug, Thaddeus] NIEHS, Div Extramural Res, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA. [Reif, David] N Carolina State Univ, Bioinformat Res Ctr, Dept Biol Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Thayer, Kristina] NIEHS, Off Hlth Assessment & Translat, Div Natl Toxicol Program, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA. RP Thayer, K (reprint author), NIEHS, Off Hlth Assessment & Translat, Div Natl Toxicol Program, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 530 Davis Dr,Room 2150 Mail Drop K2-04, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA. EM thayer@niehs.nih.gov OI Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767 FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA ES103226-01] NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4892 EI 1471-4973 J9 CURR OPIN PHARMACOL JI Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 19 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.coph.2014.09.021 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AY3UO UT WOS:000347508000023 PM 25460227 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Bhattacharya, S Conolly, RB Clewell, HJ Kaminski, NE Andersen, ME AF Zhang, Qiang Bhattacharya, Sudin Conolly, Rory B. Clewell, Harvey J., III Kaminski, Norbert E. Andersen, Melvin E. TI Molecular Signaling Network Motifs Provide a Mechanistic Basis for Cellular Threshold Responses SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANT 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NFAT1; ROBUST PERFECT ADAPTATION; INTEGRAL FEEDBACK-CONTROL; LOW-DOSE EXTRAPOLATION; HEAT-SHOCK FACTOR; RISK-ASSESSMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AB Background: Increasingly, there is a move toward using in vitro toxicity testing to assess human health risk due to chemical exposure. As with in vivo toxicity testing, an important question for in vitro results is whether there are thresholds for adverse cellular responses. Empirical evaluations may show consistency with thresholds, but the main evidence has to come from mechanistic considerations. Objectives: Cellular response behaviors depend on the molecular pathway and circuitry in the cell and the manner in which chemicals perturb these circuits. Understanding circuit structures that are inherently capable of resisting small perturbations and producing threshold responses is an important step towards mechanistically interpreting in vitro testing data. Methods: Here we have examined dose-response characteristics for several biochemical network motifs. These network motifs are basic building blocks of molecular circuits underpinning a variety of cellular functions, including adaptation, homeostasis, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. For each motif, we present biological examples and models to illustrate how thresholds arise from specific network structures. Discussion and Conclusion: Integral feedback, feedforward, and transcritical bifurcation motifs can generate thresholds. Other motifs (e. g., proportional feedback and ultrasensitivity) produce responses where the slope in the low-dose region is small and stays close to the baseline. Feedforward control may lead to nonmonotonic or hormetic responses. We conclude that network motifs provide a basis for understanding thresholds for cellular responses. Computational pathway modeling of these motifs and their combinations occurring in molecular signaling networks will be a key element in new risk assessment approaches based on in vitro cellular assays. C1 [Zhang, Qiang; Bhattacharya, Sudin; Clewell, Harvey J., III; Andersen, Melvin E.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Inst Chem Safety Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Conolly, Rory B.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Durham, NC USA. [Kaminski, Norbert E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kaminski, Norbert E.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Ctr Dose Response Modeling, Inst Chem Safety Sci, 6 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM qzhang@thehamner.org FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [P42ES04911] FX The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Superfund Research Program at Michigan State University (P42ES04911) provided support for the Computational Core at The Hamner Institutes to model research results from the program itself and also to generate better mechanistic understanding of the behavior of basic network motifs involved in generating and maintaining biological functions in cellular systems. [Short courses of computational systems biology pathway modeling have been developed by the Computational Core; course materials, including lectures, modeling tutorials, and computational models are available online (http://www. thehamner. org/about-the-hamner/education-training/ dose-response-modeling).] Key sponsors of computational systems biology pathway modeling of the Hamner programs over the past decade include the ExxonMobil Foundation, Dow Chemical Foundation, Unilever, Dow Corning Chemical Corporation, and the American Chemistry Council Long-Range Research Initiative. NR 104 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 28 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 122 IS 12 BP 1261 EP 1270 DI 10.1289/ehp.1408244 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AY1YC UT WOS:000347384600011 PM 25117432 ER PT J AU Quiros-Alcala, L Mehta, S Eskenazi, B AF Quiros-Alcala, Lesliam Mehta, Suril Eskenazi, Brenda TI Pyrethroid Pesticide Exposure and Parental Report of Learning Disability and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in US Children: NHANES 1999-2002 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID URINARY METABOLITES; PERMETHRIN EXPOSURE; INSECTICIDES; RATS; DELTAMETHRIN; MICE; NEUROTOXICITY; CYPERMETHRIN; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION AB BACKGROUND: Use of pyrethroid insecticides has increased dramatically over the past decade; however, data on their potential health effects, particularly on children, are limited. OBJECTIVE: We examined the cross-sectional association between postnatal pyrethroid exposure and parental report of learning disability (LD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children 6-15 years of age. METHODS: Using logistic regression, we estimated associations of urinary metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides with parent-reported LD, ADHD, and both LD and ADHD in 1,659-1,680 children participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2002). RESULTS: The prevalence rates of parent-reported LD, ADHD, and both LD and ADHD were 12.7%, 10.0%, and 5.4%, respectively. Metabolite detection frequencies for 3-PBA [3-phenoxybenzoic acid], cis-DCCA [cis-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid], and trans-DCCA [trans-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid] were 77.1%, 35.6%, and 33.9%, respectively. The geometric mean 3-PBA concentration was 0.32 mu g/L (median = 0.31 mu g/L; interquartile rage = 0.10-0.89 mu g/L). cis- and trans-DCCA 75th-percentile concentrations were 0.21 mu g/L and 0.68 mu g/L, respectively. Log(10)-transformed 3-PBA concentrations were associated with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.18 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.51) for parent-reported LD, 1.16 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.58) for ADHD, and 1.45 (95% CI: 0.92, 2.27) for both LD and ADHD. Adjusted ORs remained nonsignificant and decreased after controlling for creatinine and other environmental chemicals previously linked to altered neurodevelopment. Similarly, no significant associations were observed for cis-and trans-DCCA. CONCLUSIONS: Postnatal pyrethroid exposure was not associated with parental report of LD and/or ADHD. Given the widespread and increasing use of pyrethroids, future research should evaluate exposures at current levels, particularly during critical windows of brain development. C1 [Quiros-Alcala, Lesliam; Eskenazi, Brenda] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, CERCH, Berkeley, CA 94706 USA. [Mehta, Suril] US EPA, Offc Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Quiros-Alcala, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, CERCH, 1995 Univ Ave,Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94706 USA. EM lquiros@berkeley.edu RI Quiros-Alcala, Lesliam /Q-4928-2016 OI Quiros-Alcala, Lesliam /0000-0002-6600-7227 FU Science Innovation Fund from the Passport Foundation; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [PO1ES009605]; U.S. EPA [RD83451301] FX The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, and the data analysis for this research was funded by a Science Innovation Fund from the Passport Foundation. Additional funding was received from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (PO1ES009605) and the U.S. EPA (RD83451301). NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 25 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 122 IS 12 BP 1336 EP 1342 DI 10.1289/ehp.1308031 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AY1YC UT WOS:000347384600023 PM 25192380 ER PT J AU Rossmann, R Pfeiffer, EL Filkins, JC AF Rossmann, Ronald Pfeiffer, Erika L. Filkins, John C. TI Lake Michigan sediment lead storage and history of loads SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Michigan; Lead; Loads; Storage ID GREEN BAY; MERCURY; DEPOSITION; RECORD; FLUXES; POLLUTION; METALS; CORES; CADMIUM; POLLUTANTS AB Dated sediment box cores collected in 1994-1996 from 52 locations in Lake Michigan were analyzed to assess storage, trends, and loading history of lead. The results of this study provide information of historic lead loads to the lake for a time period (pre-1960) for which no reliable lead measurements exist. The information can be utilized by those wishing to model lead and to access lead loading trends. Anthropogenic lead storage in the lake's sediments totaled 143,000 t as of 1994. Storage of acid-extractable total (anthropogenic + background) lead totaled 171,000 t between 1850 and 1994. The date of 1850 is the time at which lead loads increased above background loads (219 t/y) to the lake. Anthropogenic loads peaked between 1959 and 1962 at 2440 t/y and were 1170 t/y between 1994 and 1995, illustrating that at the time of collection in 1994, loads were decreasing from previous highs. The load in 1994 to 1995 was equivalent to the load during the time frame of 1922 to 1925. Largest lead loads were to southeastern Lake Michigan in a region downwind of Chicago, illustrating the impact of large populated areas utilizing coal and gasoline on lead loads to the lake. Loading trends were impacted by coal and gasoline consumption, increased industrial activity during World War II, the Clean Air Act of 1970, and the phase-out of leaded gasoline. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rossmann, Ronald] Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Pfeiffer, Erika L.] Z Tech Corp, ICF Co, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Filkins, John C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Large Lakes, Midcontinent Ecol Div,Large Lakes & Rivers Foreca, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. RP Rossmann, R (reprint author), Large Lakes Res Stn, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM ronaldrossmann@hotmail.com NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 40 IS 4 BP 851 EP 858 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.08.008 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY0FX UT WOS:000347274000004 ER PT J AU Chorley, B Ward, W Simmons, SO Vallanat, B Veronesi, B AF Chorley, Brian Ward, William Simmons, Steven O. Vallanat, Beena Veronesi, Bellina TI The cellular and genomic response of rat dopaminergic neurons (N27) to coated nanosilver SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nanotoxicity; Nanosilver; "Capping"; Surface coating; Polyvinylpyrrolidone ID SILVER NANOPARTICLES; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VITRO; PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVATION; BRAIN MICROGLIA; CULTURE MODEL; PARTICLE-SIZE; BV2 MICROGLIA; NANO-SILVER AB This study examined if nanosilver (nanoAg) of different sizes and coatings were differentially toxic to oxidative stress-sensitive neurons. N27 rat dopaminergic neurons were exposed (0.5-5 ppm) to a set of nanoAg of different sizes (10 nm, 75 nm) and coatings (PVP, citrate) and their physicochemical, cellular and genomic response measured. Both coatings retained their manufactured sizes in culture media, however, the zeta potentials of both sizes of PVP-coated nanoAg were significantly less electronegative than those of their citrate-coated counterparts. Markers of oxidative stress, measured at 0.5-5 ppm exposure concentrations, indicated that caspase 3/7 activity and glutathione levels were significantly increased by both sizes of PVP-coated nanoAg and by the 75 nm citrate-coated nanoAg. Both sizes of PVP-coated nanoAg also increased intra-neuronal nitrite levels and activated ARE/NRF2, a reporter gene for the oxidative stress-protection pathway. Global gene expression on N27 neurons, exposed to 0.5 ppm for 8 h, indicated a dominant effect by PVP-coated nanoAg over citrate. The 75 nm PVP-coated material altered 196 genes that were loosely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. In contrast, the 10 nm PVP-coated nanoAg altered 82 genes that were strongly associated with NRF2 oxidative stress pathways. Less that 20% of the affected genes were shared by both sizes of PVP-coated nanoAg. These cellular and genomic findings suggest that PVP-coated nanoAg is more bioactive than citrate-coated nanoAg.. Although both sizes of PVP-coated nanoAg altered the genomic expression of N27 neurons along oxidative stress pathways, exposure to the 75 nm nanoAg favored pathways associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas the 10 nm PVP-coated nanoAg affected NRF2 neuronal protective pathways. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chorley, Brian; Simmons, Steven O.; Veronesi, Bellina] Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ward, William; Vallanat, Beena] US EPA, Res Genom Core, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Veronesi, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM veronesi.bellina@epa.gov OI Simmons, Steven/0000-0001-9079-1069 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the view of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 86 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X EI 1872-9711 J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD DEC PY 2014 VL 45 BP 12 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.08.010 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA AX5GQ UT WOS:000346955100002 PM 25194297 ER PT J AU Lantz, SR Mack, CM Wallace, K Key, EF Shafer, TJ Casida, JE AF Lantz, Stephen R. Mack, Cina M. Wallace, Kathleen Key, Ellen F. Shafer, Timothy J. Casida, John E. TI Glufosinate binds N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and increases neuronal network activity in vitro SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glufosinate; Neurotoxicity; N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor; N-Acetylglufosinate ID GAMMA-SUBSTITUTED PHOSPHINOTHRICINS; COLI GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; HERBICIDE-RESISTANT CROPS; AMINO-ACID TRANSPORTERS; H-3 CGP-39653 BINDING; RAT-BRAIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MEDIATED EXCITOTOXICITY; MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS; SEVERE NEUROTOXICITY AB Glufosinate (GLF) at high levels in mammals causes convulsions and amnesia through a mechanism that is not completely understood. The structural similarity of GLF to glutamate (GLU) implicates the glutamatergic system as a target for GLF neurotoxicity. The current work examined in vitro GLF interaction with N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype GLU receptors (NMDARs) and GLT-1 transporters via [H-3]CGP 39653 binding experiments and [H-3]GLU uptake assays, respectively. GLF effects on neuronal network activity were assessed using microelectrode array (MEA) recordings in primary cultures of cortical neurons. GLF and its primary metabolite N-acetylglufosinate (NAcGLF) bind to the NMDAR; the IC50 value for GLF was 668 mu M and for NAcGLF was about 100 mu M. Concentrations of GLF greater than 1000 mu M were needed to decrease,GLU uptake through GLT-1. In MEA recordings from networks of rat primary cortical neurons, the concentration-responses for NMDA, GLF and NAcGLF on network mean firing rates (MFR) were biphasic, increasing at lower concentrations and decreasing below control levels at higher concentrations. Increases in MFR occurred between 3-10 mu M NMDA (290% control, maximum), 100-300 mu M NAcGLF (190% control, maximum) and 10-1000 mu M GLF (340% control, maximum). The NMDAR antagonist MK801 attenuated both NMDA and GLF increases in MFR. The GLF concentration required to alter GLU transport through GLT-1 is not likely to be attained in vivo, and therefore not relevant to the neurotoxic mode of action. However, toxicokinetic data from reports of intentional human poisonings indicate that GLF concentrations in the CNS after acute exposure could reach levels high enough to lead to effects mediated via NMDARs. Furthermore, the newly characterized action of NAcGLF at the NMDAR suggests that both the parent compound and metabolite could contribute to neurotoxicity via this pathway. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lantz, Stephen R.; Key, Ellen F.; Casida, John E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxicol, Environm Chem & Toxicol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mack, Cina M.; Wallace, Kathleen; Shafer, Timothy J.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lantz, SR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 3090 Wright St, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM stephen_lantz@fws.gov OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 FU STAR Fellowship Assistance - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP917139]; UC Berkeley Sponsored Project for Undergraduate Research (SPUR) Grant FX S.R.L. was funded by STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement number FP917139 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). E.F.K. was funded by a UC Berkeley Sponsored Project for Undergraduate Research (SPUR) Grant. This document has been reviewed by the U.S. EPA's National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X EI 1872-9711 J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD DEC PY 2014 VL 45 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.09.003 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA AX5GQ UT WOS:000346955100005 PM 25268653 ER PT J AU Reich, BJ Chang, HH Foley, KM AF Reich, Brian J. Chang, Howard H. Foley, Kristen M. TI A Spectral Method for Spatial Downscaling SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Computer model output; Data fusion; Kriging; Multiscale analysis ID AIR-POLLUTION; NUMERICAL-MODELS; OUTPUT; OZONE; SENSITIVITY; COMPONENT AB Complex computer models play a crucial role in air quality research. These models are used to evaluate potential regulatory impacts of emission control strategies and to estimate air quality in areas without monitoring data. For both of these purposes, it is important to calibrate model output with monitoring data to adjust for model biases and improve spatial prediction. In this article, we propose a new spectral method to study and exploit complex relationships between model output and monitoring data. Spectral methods allow us to estimate the relationship between model output and monitoring data separately at different spatial scales, and to use model output for prediction only at the appropriate scales. The proposed method is computationally efficient and can be implemented using standard software. We apply the method to compare Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model output with ozone measurements in the United States in July 2005. We find that CMAQ captures large-scale spatial trends, but has low correlation with the monitoring data at small spatial scales. C1 [Reich, Brian J.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Chang, Howard H.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Foley, Kristen M.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Reich, BJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bjreich@ncsu.edu FU USEPA [R835228, R834799]; NSF [1107046]; NIH [R01ES014843, R01ES019897, R21ES022795-01A1]; United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The authors thank James Hodges (University of Minnesota) and Joseph Guinness (North Carolina State University) for fruitful discussions about this work. This study was partially supported by USEPA grants R835228 and R834799, NSF grant 1107046, and NIH grants R01ES014843, R01ES019897, and R21ES022795-01A1. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USEPA. Further, USEPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-341X EI 1541-0420 J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 2014 VL 70 IS 4 BP 932 EP 942 DI 10.1111/biom.12196 PG 11 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA AX3GF UT WOS:000346827500017 PM 24965037 ER PT J AU Daston, GP Beyer, BK Carney, EW Chapin, RE Friedman, JM Piersma, AH Rogers, JM Scialli, AR AF Daston, George P. Beyer, Bruce K. Carney, Edward W. Chapin, Robert E. Friedman, Jan M. Piersma, Aldert H. Rogers, John M. Scialli, Anthony R. TI Exposure-Based Validation List for Developmental Toxicity Screening Assays SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE in vitro methods; validation; developmental toxicity ID TRANS-RETINOIC ACID; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; PREGNANT RATS; NONLINEAR PHARMACOKINETICS; PRENATAL TOXICITY; EMBRYOTOXICITY; ARTESUNATE; SACCHARIN; KINETICS AB Validation of alternative assays requires comparison of the responses to toxicants in the alternative assay with in vivo responses. Chemicals have been classified as positive or negative in vivo, despite the fact that developmental toxicity is conditional on magnitude of exposure. We developed a list of positive and negative developmental exposures, with exposure defined by toxicokinetic data, specifically maternal plasma C-max. We selected a series of 20 chemicals that caused developmental toxicity and for which there were appropriate toxicokinetic data. Where possible, we used the same chemical for both positive and negative exposures, the positive being the C-max at a dose level that produced significant teratogenicity or embryolethality, the negative being the C-max at a dose level not causing developmental toxicity. It was not possible to find toxicokinetic data at the no-effect level for all positive compounds, and the negative exposure list contains C-max values for some compounds that do not have developmental toxicity up to the highest dose level tested. This exposure-based reference list represents a fundamentally different approach to the evaluation of alternative tests and is proposed as a step toward application of alternative tests in quantitative risk assessment (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Daston, George P.] Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Beyer, Bruce K.] Sanofi US Inc, Dept Disposit Safety & Anim Res Preclin Safety, Bridgewater, NJ USA. [Carney, Edward W.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Chapin, Robert E.] Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Groton, CT USA. [Friedman, Jan M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Child & Family Res Inst, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Piersma, Aldert H.] RIVM, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Piersma, Aldert H.] Univ Utrecht, IRAS, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Rogers, John M.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Scialli, Anthony R.] Reprod Toxicol Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Scialli, Anthony R.] George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Washington, DC USA. RP Scialli, AR (reprint author), Reprod Toxicol Ctr, 2737 Devonshire Pl NW 120, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM reprotox@reprotox.org OI Friedman, Jan/0000-0002-7482-9570 FU HESI DART Technical Committee FX Grant sponsor: HESI DART Technical Committee. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-9733 EI 1542-9741 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 101 IS 6 BP 423 EP 428 DI 10.1002/bdrb.21132 PG 6 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA AX1KF UT WOS:000346705300003 PM 25475026 ER PT J AU Snyder, M Arunachalam, S Isakov, V Talgo, K Naess, B Valencia, A Omary, M Davis, N Cook, R Hanna, A AF Snyder, Michelle Arunachalam, Saravanan Isakov, Vlad Talgo, Kevin Naess, Brian Valencia, Alejandro Omary, Mohammad Davis, Neil Cook, Rich Hanna, Adel TI Creating Locally-Resolved Mobile-Source Emissions Inputs for Air Quality Modeling in Support of an Exposure Study in Detroit, Michigan, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE dispersion models; mobile-source emissions; uncertainties in emissions; R-LINE; human exposure; NEXUS ID NEAR-ROAD EXPOSURES; DISPERSION MODEL; POLLUTANTS; NEXUS AB This work describes a methodology for modeling the impact of traffic-generated air pollutants in an urban area. This methodology presented here utilizes road network geometry, traffic volume, temporal allocation factors, fleet mixes, and emission factors to provide critical modeling inputs. These inputs, assembled from a variety of sources, are combined with meteorological inputs to generate link-based emissions for use in dispersion modeling to estimate pollutant concentration levels due to traffic. A case study implementing this methodology for a large health study is presented, including a sensitivity analysis of the modeling results reinforcing the importance of model inputs and identify those having greater relative impact, such as fleet mix. In addition, an example use of local measurements of fleet activity to supplement model inputs is described, and its impacts to the model outputs are discussed. We conclude that with detailed model inputs supported by local traffic measurements and meteorology, it is possible to capture the spatial and temporal patterns needed to accurately estimate exposure from traffic-related pollutants. C1 [Snyder, Michelle; Arunachalam, Saravanan; Talgo, Kevin; Naess, Brian; Valencia, Alejandro; Omary, Mohammad; Davis, Neil; Hanna, Adel] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. [Isakov, Vlad] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cook, Rich] US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Snyder, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, 100 Europa Dr,Suite 490, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. EM michellesnyder@unc.edu; sarav@email.unc.edu; isakov.vlad@epa.gov; talgo@email.unc.edu; naess@unc.edu; valenal@email.unc.edu; omary@email.unc.edu; Neda@dtu.dk; cook.rich@epa.gov; ahanna@email.unc.edu OI Davis, Neil/0000-0001-5886-247X FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-D-07-102, EP-W-09-023] FX The authors would like to thank Stuart Batterman and his team at the University of Michigan for their collaboration and efforts in NEXUS. We would also like to thank Bok Haeng Baek of the UNC's Institute for the Environment for assistance with the NEI's temporal profiles, the Southeast Michigan Council of Government (SEMCOG) for providing the TDM outputs, and the Michigan DOT for providing the PTR data used in the sensitivity analyses. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under Contract Nos. EP-D-07-102 and EP-W-09-023 to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This paper has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD DEC PY 2014 VL 11 IS 12 BP 12739 EP 12766 DI 10.3390/ijerph111212739 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AX2TJ UT WOS:000346797100043 PM 25501000 ER PT J AU Lane, CR Liu, HX Autrey, BC Anenkhonov, OA Chepinoga, VV Wu, QS AF Lane, Charles R. Liu, Hongxing Autrey, Bradley C. Anenkhonov, Oleg A. Chepinoga, Victor V. Wu, Qiusheng TI Improved Wetland Classification Using Eight-Band High Resolution Satellite Imagery and a Hybrid Approach SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Selenga River delta; Lake Baikal; coastal band; NIR2 band; NDVI; grey-level co-occurrence matrix; image texture; Worldview-2 ID THEMATIC MAPPER IMAGERY; SUBPIXEL CLASSIFICATION; MAPPING WETLANDS; UNITED-STATES; ETM+ IMAGERY; TM IMAGERY; WORLDVIEW-2; VEGETATION; TREES; AREA AB Although remote sensing technology has long been used in wetland inventory and monitoring, the accuracy and detail level of wetland maps derived with moderate resolution imagery and traditional techniques have been limited and often unsatisfactory. We explored and evaluated the utility of a newly launched high-resolution, eight-band satellite system (Worldview-2; WV2) for identifying and classifying freshwater deltaic wetland vegetation and aquatic habitats in the Selenga River Delta of Lake Baikal, Russia, using a hybrid approach and a novel application of Indicator Species Analysis (ISA). We achieved an overall classification accuracy of 86.5% (Kappa coefficient: 0.85) for 22 classes of aquatic and wetland habitats and found that additional metrics, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and image texture, were valuable for improving the overall classification accuracy and particularly for discriminating among certain habitat classes. Our analysis demonstrated that including WV2's four spectral bands from parts of the spectrum less commonly used in remote sensing analyses, along with the more traditional bandwidths, contributed to the increase in the overall classification accuracy by similar to 4% overall, but with considerable increases in our ability to discriminate certain communities. The coastal band improved differentiating open water and aquatic (i.e., vegetated) habitats, and the yellow, red-edge, and near-infrared 2 bands improved discrimination among different vegetated aquatic and terrestrial habitats. The use of ISA provided statistical rigor in developing associations between spectral classes and field-based data. Our analyses demonstrated the utility of a hybrid approach and the benefit of additional bands and metrics in providing the first spatially explicit mapping of a large and heterogeneous wetland system. C1 [Lane, Charles R.; Autrey, Bradley C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Liu, Hongxing; Wu, Qiusheng] US EPA, Dynamac Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Liu, Hongxing; Wu, Qiusheng] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Anenkhonov, Oleg A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen & Expt Biol, Siberian Branch, Ulan Ude 670047, Russia. [Chepinoga, Victor V.] Irkutsk State Univ, Dept Bot & Genet, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. [Chepinoga, Victor V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Siberian Branch, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. RP Lane, CR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Lane.Charles@epa.gov; Liu.Hongxing@epa.gov; Autrey.Brad@epa.gov; Anen@yandex.ru; victor.chepinoga@gmail.com; Wu.Qiusheng@epa.gov RI Wu, Qiusheng/C-7976-2016; Anenkhonov, Oleg/J-8690-2016 OI Wu, Qiusheng/0000-0001-5437-4073; Anenkhonov, Oleg/0000-0001-8633-7154 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development [EP-D-06-096]; U.S. Department of State, Biochemical Redirect Program; International Science and Technology Center, Moscow, Russia FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract number EP-D-06-096 to Dynamac Corporation. The research conducted herein was also partially funded by the U.S. Department of State, Biochemical Redirect Program with support from the International Science and Technology Center, Moscow, Russia. We appreciate the technical review and feedback provided by John Lin, U.S. EPA, and the programmatic support of Doug Steele, U.S. EPA. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Statements in this publication reflect the authors' professional views and opinions and should not be construed to represent any determination or policy of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 42 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 12 BP 12187 EP 12216 DI 10.3390/rs61212187 PG 30 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AX2ST UT WOS:000346795300024 ER PT J AU Eudy, AM Vines, AI Dooley, MA Cooper, GS Parks, CG AF Eudy, A. M. Vines, A. I. Dooley, M. A. Cooper, G. S. Parks, C. G. TI Elevated C-reactive protein and self-reported disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus SO LUPUS LA English DT Article DE Systemic lupus erythematosus; C-reactive protein; flares; socioeconomic factors ID ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION-RATE; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; REVISED CRITERIA; HEALTH; DAMAGE; VALIDATION; AMERICAN AB C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation, has been associated with increased disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. However, the association in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear. We examined the association of CRP with self-reported disease activity in the Carolina Lupus Study and described differences by sociodemographic characteristics. The study included baseline and three-year follow-up data on 107 African-American and 69 Caucasian SLE patients enrolled at a median 13 months since diagnosis. Models estimated prevalence differences in the association of baseline CRP with self-reported flares, adjusting for age, sex, race and education. Active disease or flare was reported by 59% at baseline and 58% at follow-up. Higher CRP (> 10 mu g/ml vs. <3 mu g/ml) was associated with a 17% (95% confidence interval (CI): -20, 53%) higher prevalence of flare at baseline and a 26% (95% CI: -9, 62%) higher prevalence of flare at follow-up. These CRP-flare associations were notably stronger in patients with lower education at baseline and in African-Americans at follow-up. These findings suggest that CRP may be a useful marker in studies of SLE health disparities. C1 [Eudy, A. M.; Vines, A. I.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Dooley, M. A.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Cooper, G. S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Parks, C. G.] NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, DHHS, Durham, NC USA. RP Eudy, AM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Campus Box 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM aeudy@email.unc.edu OI Eudy, Amanda/0000-0002-3107-5545; Parks, Christine/0000-0002-5734-3456 FU Intramural Research Program of the NIEHS; National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities of the NIH FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIEHS and the National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities of the NIH. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0961-2033 EI 1477-0962 J9 LUPUS JI Lupus PD DEC PY 2014 VL 23 IS 14 BP 1460 EP 1467 DI 10.1177/0961203314543915 PG 8 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA AW3HK UT WOS:000346177000003 PM 25057037 ER PT J AU Schaa, KL Anderson, G Alt-White, AC Kasper, CE Boyd, AM AF Schaa, Kendra L. Anderson, Gwen Alt-White, Anna C. Kasper, Christine E. Boyd, Andrea M. TI Genomics education for Veterans Affairs nurses SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Anderson, Gwen; Alt-White, Anna C.; Kasper, Christine E.] Off Nursing Serv, Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC USA. [Boyd, Andrea M.] Wm Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Med Ctr, Dept Vet Affairs, Columbia, SC USA. RP Schaa, KL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Kendra.schaa@va.gov OI Schaa, Kendra/0000-0002-4460-5357; Anderson, Gwen/0000-0003-2046-3152 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1098-3600 EI 1530-0366 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 16 IS 12 BP 984 EP 985 DI 10.1038/gim.2014.142 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AW1HN UT WOS:000346040900019 PM 25469615 ER PT J AU Baker, KR Hawkins, A Kelly, JT AF Baker, Kirk R. Hawkins, Andy Kelly, James T. TI Photochemical grid model performance with varying horizontal grid resolution and sub-grid plume treatment for the Martins Creek nearfield SO2 study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CAMx; Dispersion; Air quality modeling; Grid resolution; Sub-grid plume; Martins Creek ID MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; PART II; DISPERSION MODEL; POWER-PLANT; SCALE; TRANSPORT; SCHEME AB Near source modeling is needed to assess primary and secondary pollutant impacts from single sources and single source complexes. Source receptor relationships need to be resolved from tens of meters to tens of kilometers. Dispersion models are typically applied for near-source primary pollutant impacts but lack complex photochemistry. Photochemical models provide a realistic chemical environment but are typically applied using grid cell sizes that may be larger than the distance between sources and receptors. It is important to understand the impacts of grid resolution and sub-grid plume treatments on photochemical modeling of near-source primary pollution gradients. Here, the CAMx photochemical grid model is applied using multiple grid resolutions and sub-grid plume treatment for SO2 and compared with a receptor mesonet largely impacted by nearby sources approximately 3-17 km away in a complex terrain environment. Measurements are compared with model estimates of SO2 at 4- and 1-km resolution, both with and without sub-grid plume treatment and inclusion of finer two-way grid nests. Annual average estimated SO2 mixing ratios are highest nearest the sources and decrease as distance from the sources increase. In general, CAMx estimates of SO2 do not compare well with the near-source observations when paired in space and time. Given the proximity of these sources and receptors, accuracy in wind vector estimation is critical for applications that pair pollutant predictions and observations in time and space. In typical permit applications, predictions and observations are not paired in time and space and the entire distributions of each are directly compared. Using this approach, model estimates using 1-km grid resolution best match the distribution of observations and are most comparable to similar studies that used dispersion and Lagrangian modeling systems. Model-estimated SO2 increases as grid cell size decreases from 4 km to 250 m. However, it is notable that the 1-km model estimates using 1-km meteorological model input are higher than the 1-km model simulation that used interpolated 4-km meteorology. The inclusion of sub-grid plume treatment did not improve model skill in predicting SO2 in time and space and generally acts to keep emitted mass aloft. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baker, Kirk R.; Kelly, James T.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hawkins, Andy] US EPA, Lenexa, KS 66219 USA. RP Baker, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM baker.kirk@epa.gov RI Kelly, James/F-8135-2010 OI Kelly, James/0000-0001-6574-5714 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 99 BP 148 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.064 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU7TS UT WOS:000345804400017 ER PT J AU Jing, P Lu, ZF Xing, J Streets, DG Tan, Q O'Brien, T Kamberos, J AF Jing, Ping Lu, Zifeng Xing, Jia Streets, David G. Tan, Qian O'Brien, Timothy Kamberos, Joseph TI Response of the summertime ground-level ozone trend in the Chicago area to emission controls and temperature changes, 2005-2013 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ozone trend; Temperature dependence of ozone; NOx and VOC emission control; Chicago ID UNITED-STATES; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; NOX EMISSIONS; URBAN AREAS; POWER-PLANTS; MEXICO-CITY; METEOROLOGY; RETRIEVALS; STRATEGIES; INDUSTRIAL AB Despite strenuous efforts to reduce the emissions of ozone precursors such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), concentrations of ground-level ozone (O-3) still often exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standard in U.S. cities in summertime, including Chicago. Furthermore, studies have projected a future increase in O-3 formation due to global climate change. This study examines the response of summertime O-3 to emission controls and temperature change in the Chicago area from 2005 to 2013 by employing observations of O-3, O-3 precursors, and meteorological variables. We find that meteorology explains about 53% of the O-3 variance in Chicago. O-3 mixing ratios over Chicago are found to show no clear decline over the 2005-2013 period. The summertime ground-level O-3 trend consists of a decrease of 0.08 ppb/year between 2005 and 2009 and an increase of 1.49 ppb/year between 2009 and 2013. Emissions of NOx and concentrations of NO2 have been decreasing steadily from 2005 to 2013 in the Chicago area. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Chicago, however, have more than doubled since 2009, even though emission inventories suggest that VOC emissions have decreased. We believe that O-3 production in Chicago became more sensitive to VOCs starting in 2008/2009 and may have switched from being NOx-limited to VOC-limited. The warmer climate since 2008 has also contributed to the increasing ozone trend in the Chicago area. Increased attention should be paid to improving the quantification of VOC sources, enhancing the monitoring of reactive VOC concentrations, and designing VOC mitigation measures. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jing, Ping; Kamberos, Joseph] Loyola Univ, Inst Environm Sustainabil, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. [Lu, Zifeng; Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Xing, Jia] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tan, Qian] NASA, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR Studies &, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [O'Brien, Timothy] Loyola Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. RP Jing, P (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Inst Environm Sustainabil, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. EM pjing@luc.edu RI xing, jia/O-1784-2014 FU Loyola University Chicago Summer Research Stipends FX This work was funded by the Loyola University Chicago Summer Research Stipends. We thank Gao Chen from NASA's Langley Research Center for helpful comments. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 99 BP 630 EP 640 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.035 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU7TS UT WOS:000345804400066 ER PT J AU Wall, EH Hewitt, SC Case, LK Lin, CY Korach, KS Teuscher, C AF Wall, Emma H. Hewitt, Sylvia C. Case, Laure K. Lin, Chin-Yo Korach, Kenneth S. Teuscher, Cory TI The role of genetics in estrogen responses: a critical piece of an intricate puzzle SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE genotype; reproductive tissue ID MAMMARY-GLAND DEVELOPMENT; ESTRADIOL-REGULATED RESPONSES; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; X ACI INTERCROSS; RECEPTOR-ALPHA; FEMALE MICE; IN-VIVO; OPPOSITE-SEX; BISPHENOL-A AB The estrogens are female sex hormones that are involved in a variety of physiological processes, including reproductive development and function, wound healing, and bone growth. They are mainly known for their roles in reproductive tissues-specifically, 17 beta-estradiol (E-2), the primary estrogen, which is secreted by the ovaries and induces cellular proliferation and growth of the uterus and mammary glands. In addition to the role of estrogens in promoting tissue growth and development during normal physiological states, they have a well-established role in determining susceptibility to disease, particularly cancer, in reproductive tissues. The responsiveness of various tissues to estrogen is genetically controlled, with marked quantitative variation observed across multiple species, including humans. This variation presents both researchers and clinicians with a veritable physiological puzzle, the pieces of which-many of them unknown-are complex and difficult to fit together. Although genetics is known to play a major role in determining sensitivity to estrogens, there are other factors, including parent of origin and the maternal environment, that are intimately linked to heritable phenotypes but do not represent genotype, per se. The objectives of this review article were to summarize the current knowledge of the role of genotype, and uterine and neonatal environments, in phenotypic variation in the response to estrogens; to discuss recent findings and the potential mechanisms involved; and to highlight exciting research opportunities for the future. C1 [Wall, Emma H.; Case, Laure K.; Teuscher, Cory] Univ Vermont, Dept Med & Pathol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Hewitt, Sylvia C.; Korach, Kenneth S.] US Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Lin, Chin-Yo] Univ Houston, Ctr Nucl Receptors & Cell Signaling, Houston, TX USA. RP Teuscher, C (reprint author), Univ Vermont, C331 Given Med Bldg, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM c.teuscher@uvm.edu OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X FU Intramural Research Program of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant [Z01ES70065] FX This research was supported, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant Z01ES70065. NR 137 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 EI 1530-6860 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 28 IS 12 BP 5042 EP 5054 DI 10.1096/fj.14-260307 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA AU9EN UT WOS:000345894500003 PM 25212221 ER PT J AU Harrison, MD Miller, AJ Groffman, PM Mayer, PM Kaushal, SS AF Harrison, Melanie D. Miller, Andrew J. Groffman, Peter M. Mayer, Paul M. Kaushal, Sujay S. TI HYDROLOGIC CONTROLS ON NITROGEN AND PHOSPHOROUS DYNAMICS IN RELICT OXBOW WETLANDS ADJACENT TO AN URBAN RESTORED STREAM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE denitrification; hydrology; nitrogen; phosphorus; stream restoration; wetlands; urban ID UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; NUTRIENT RETENTION; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RESTORATION WETLAND; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; RIVERINE WETLANDS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; DEGRADED URBAN; DENITRIFICATION AB Although wetlands are known to be sinks for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), their function in urban watersheds remains unclear. We analyzed water and nitrate (NO3-) and phosphate (PO43-) dynamics during precipitation events in two oxbow wetlands that were created during geomorphic stream restoration in Baltimore County, Maryland that varied in the nature and extent of connectivity to the adjacent stream. Oxbow 1 (Ox1) received 1.6-4.2% and Oxbow 2 (Ox2) received 4.2-7.4% of cumulative streamflow during storm events from subsurface seepage (Ox1) and surface flow (Ox2). The retention time of incoming stormwater ranged from 0.2 to 6.7days in Ox1 and 1.8 to 4.3days in Ox2. Retention rates in the wetlands ranged from 0.25 to 2.74gN/m(2)/day in Ox1 and 0.29 to 1.94gN/m(2)/day in Ox2. Percent retention of the NO3--N load that entered the wetlands during the storm events ranged from 64 to 87% and 23 to 26%, in Ox1 and Ox2, respectively. During all four storm events, Ox1 and Ox2 were a small net source of dissolved PO43- to the adjacent stream (i.e., more P exited than entered the wetland), releasing P at a rate of 0.23-20.83mgP/m(2)/day and 3.43-24.84mgP/m(2)/day, respectively. N and P removal efficiency of the oxbows were regulated by hydrologic connectivity, hydraulic loading, and retention time. Incidental oxbow wetlands have potential to receive urban stream and storm flow and to be significant N sinks, but they may be sources of P in urban watersheds. C1 [Harrison, Melanie D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Miller, Andrew J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Geog & Environm Syst, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12454 USA. [Mayer, Paul M.] US EPA, Ecol Effects Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Harrison, MD (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Reg Protected Resources Div, 777 Sonoma Ave, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. EM melanie.harrison@noaa.gov OI Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR829676]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Ecological Research program [DEB-0423476]; NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program [0549469]; Maryland Sea Grant [SA7528085-U]; NSF Division of Biological Infrastructure [DBI 06-40300]; NOAA Educational Partnership Graduate Science Program (GSP) FX This research was supported by grants from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (CR829676), the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Ecological Research program (DEB-0423476), the NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program (0549469), Maryland Sea Grant (SA7528085-U), the NSF Division of Biological Infrastructure (DBI 06-40300), and the NOAA Educational Partnership Graduate Science Program (GSP). We thank Dan Dillon, Dave Lewis, Lisa Martel, Daniel Jones, Gwendolyn Sivirichi, Melissa Grese, Tamara Newcomer, Emma Noonan, Yvette Williams, and Charlene Gavette for assistance with field and laboratory work, and Christopher Swan for thoughtful comments and review of the manuscript. This manuscript has been subjected to USEPA review, but does not necessarily reflect the views of any of the funding agencies, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 79 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1365 EP 1382 DI 10.1111/jawr.12193 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AU7IJ UT WOS:000345773900001 ER PT J AU Greathouse, EA Compton, JE Van Sickle, J AF Greathouse, Effie A. Compton, Jana E. Van Sickle, John TI LINKING LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS AND HIGH STREAM NITROGEN IN THE OREGON COAST RANGE: RED ALDER COMPLICATES USE OF NUTRIENT CRITERIA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Pacific Northwest; biogeochemistry; nutrients; rivers; streams; forests; environmental regulations ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; WATER-QUALITY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; LAND-USE; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; TILLAMOOK BAY; YAQUINA BAY; DATA SETS; INDICATORS AB Red alder (Alnus rubra), a nitrogen(N)-fixing deciduous broadleaf tree, can strongly influence N concentrations in western Oregon and Washington. We compiled a database of stream N and GIS-derived landscape characteristics in order to examine geographic variation in N across the Oregon Coast Range. Basal area of alder, expressed as a percent of watershed area, accounted for 37% and 38% of the variation in summer nitrate and total N (TN) concentrations, respectively. Relationships between alder and nitrate were strongest in winter when streamflow and landscape connections are highest. Distance to the coast and latitude, potential surrogates for sea salt inputs, and watershed area were also related to nitrate concentrations in an all-subsets regression analysis, which accounted for 46% of the variation in summer nitrate concentrations. The model with the lowest Akaike's Information Criterion did not include developed or agricultural land cover, probably because few watersheds in our database had substantial levels of these land cover classes. Our results provide evidence, at a regional scale, that background sources and processes cause many Coast Range streams to exceed proposed nutrient criteria, and that the prevalence of a single tree species (N-fixing red alder) exerts a dominant control over stream N concentrations across this region. C1 [Greathouse, Effie A.; Compton, Jana E.; Van Sickle, John] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Greathouse, EA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM effieg@gmail.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) FX Thanks to Patti Haggerty and Tad Larsen for essential assistance with GIS analyses. Many individuals generously shared data and provided assistance in understanding databases and dataset coding, including: Alan Herlihy, Robbins Church, Kathy Motter, Rachael Gruen (USEPA data); Sigrid Schwind, Allen Hamel, Richard Myzak, Steve Mrazik, Leslie Merrick, Aaron Borisenko, Raeann Haynes, Chris Redman (OR DEQ data); Linda Ashkenas, Sherri Johnson, Kirsten Gallo (Trask Watershed study and USFS data); Diana Walker, Paul Measeles, Janet Ohmann (GIS layers). This work was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and approved for publication after USEPA review. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the agency, and the mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1383 EP 1400 DI 10.1111/jawr.12194 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AU7IJ UT WOS:000345773900002 ER PT J AU Jiang, Y Frankenberger, JR Sui, YH Bowling, LC AF Jiang, Yan Frankenberger, Jane R. Sui, Yinghui Bowling, Laura C. TI ESTIMATION OF NONPOINT SOURCE NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN INDIANA RIVERS BASED ON AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE IN THE WATERSHED SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE agricultural nitrate; nonpoint source; tile drainage; regression model ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; UNITED-STATES; SAMPLING FREQUENCY; SUBSURFACE DRAINS; NITROGEN LOADS; NUTRIENT LOADS; HYPOXIA; BASIN; UNCERTAINTIES AB Subsurface tile-drained agricultural fields are known to be important contributors to nitrate in surface water in the Midwest, but the effect of these fields on nitrate at the watershed scale is difficult to quantify. Data for 25 watersheds monitored by the Indiana Department of Environmental Management and located near a U.S. Geological Survey stream gage were used to investigate the relationship between flow-weighted mean concentration (FWMC) of nitrate-N and the subsurface tile-drained area (DA) of the watershed. The tile DA was estimated from soil drainage class, land use, and slope. Nitrate loads from point sources were estimated based on reported flows of major permitted facilities with mean nitrate-N concentrations from published sources. Linear regression models exhibited a statistically significant relationship between annual/monthly nonpoint source (NPS) nitrate-N and DA percentage. The annual model explained 71% of the variation in FWMC of nitrate-N. The annual and monthly models were tested in 10 additional watersheds, most with absolute errors within 1mg/l in the predicted FWMC. These models can be used to estimate NPS nitrate for unmonitored watersheds in similar areas, especially for drained agricultural areas where model performance was strongest, and to predict the nitrate reduction when various tile drainage management techniques are employed. C1 [Jiang, Yan] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89118 USA. [Frankenberger, Jane R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47904 USA. [Sui, Yinghui] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47904 USA. [Bowling, Laura C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47904 USA. RP Jiang, Y (reprint author), US EPA, 944 Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89118 USA. EM enaj1125@gmail.com RI Bowling, Laura/B-6963-2013 OI Bowling, Laura/0000-0002-1439-3154 NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1501 EP 1514 DI 10.1111/jawr.12216 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AU7IJ UT WOS:000345773900011 ER PT J AU Jessup, BK Kaufmann, PR John, F Guevara, LS Joseph, S AF Jessup, Benjamin K. Kaufmann, Philip R. John, Forrest Guevara, Lynette S. Joseph, Seva TI BEDDED SEDIMENT CONDITIONS AND MACROINVERTEBRATE RESPONSES IN NEW MEXICO STREAMS: A FIRST STEP IN ESTABLISHING SEDIMENT CRITERIA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE environmental impacts; Relative Bed Stability; channel morphology; sediment; invertebrates ID WATER-QUALITY CRITERIA; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; FINE SEDIMENT; UNITED-STATES; BIOTIC INDEX; THRESHOLDS; REGRESSION; STABILITY; ROUGHNESS AB Excess fine sediments in streambeds are among the most pervasive causes of degradation in streams of the United States. Simple criteria for acceptable streambed fines are elusive because streambed fines and biotic tolerances vary widely in the absence of human disturbances. In response to the need for sediment benchmarks that are protective of minimum aquatic life uses under the Clean Water Act, we undertook a case study using surveys of sediment, physical habitat, and macroinvertebrates from New Mexico streams. Our approach uses weight of evidence to develop suggested benchmarks for protective levels of surficial bedded sediments <0.06mm (silt and finer) and <2.0mm (sand and finer). We grouped streams into three ecoregions that were expected to produce similar naturally occurring streambed textures and patterns of response to human disturbances. Within ecoregions, we employed stressor response models to estimate fine sediment percentages and bed stability that are tolerated by resident macroinvertebrates. We then compared individual stream sediment data with distributions among least-disturbed reference sites to determine deviation from natural conditions, accounting for natural variability across ecoregion, gradient, and drainage area. This approach for developing benchmark values could be applied more widely to provide a solid basis for developing bedded sediment criteria and other protective management strategies in other regions. C1 [Jessup, Benjamin K.] Tetra Tech Inc, Ctr Ecol Sci, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. [Kaufmann, Philip R.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab ORD, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [John, Forrest] US EPA, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. [Guevara, Lynette S.; Joseph, Seva] Surface Water Qual Bur, New Mexico Environm Dept, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. RP Jessup, BK (reprint author), Tetra Tech Inc, Ctr Ecol Sci, 73 Main St,Suite 38, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. EM benjamin.jessup@tetratech.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-C-08-004] FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through contract EP-C-08-004 to Tetra Tech, Inc. Field survey data were provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Wadeable Streams Assessment and Western Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Programs. James Hogan of the New Mexico Environment Department provided insightful suggestions and interpretations throughout the analyses. Angel Kosfisher of EPA Region 6 conducted GIS analyses. Erik Leppo of Tetra Tech helped in data management and analysis. Revisions suggested by Bob Ozretich, John Faustini, Lil Herger, and Larry Willis improved the manuscript, as did the comments provided by the associate editor and two anonymous reviewers. This paper was subjected to peer and administrative review at the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the USEPA, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1558 EP 1574 DI 10.1111/jawr.12224 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AU7IJ UT WOS:000345773900015 ER PT J AU Tollefsen, KE Scholz, S Cronin, MT Edwards, SW de Knecht, J Crofton, K Garcia-Reyero, N Hartung, T Worth, A Patlewicz, G AF Tollefsen, Knut Erik Scholz, Stefan Cronin, Mark T. Edwards, Stephen W. de Knecht, Joop Crofton, Kevin Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Hartung, Thomas Worth, Andrew Patlewicz, Grace TI Applying Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) to support Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA) SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP); Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA); (Q)SAR; Read-across; High throughput screening (HTS); High content screening (HCS); Cross species extrapolation ID SCREENING CONTACT ALLERGENS; ALKYLATED NON-PHENOLICS; IN-VITRO; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CELL-LINE; SKIN SENSITIZATION; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; PEPTIDE REACTIVITY AB Chemical regulation is challenged by the large number of chemicals requiring assessment for potential human health and environmental impacts. Current approaches are too resource intensive in terms of time, money and animal use to evaluate all chemicals under development or already on the market. The need for timely and robust decision making demands that regulatory toxicity testing becomes more cost-effective and efficient. One way to realize this goal is by being more strategic in directing testing resources; focusing on chemicals of highest concern, limiting testing to the most probable hazards, or targeting the most vulnerable species. Hypothesis driven Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA) have been proposed as practical solutions to such strategic testing. In parallel, the development of the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework, which provides information on the causal links between a molecular initiating event (MIE), intermediate key events (KEs) and an adverse outcome (AO) of regulatory concern, offers the biological context to facilitate development of IATA for regulatory decision making. This manuscript summarizes discussions at the Workshop entitled "Advancing AOPs for Integrated Toxicology and Regulatory Applications" with particular focus on the role AOPs play in informing the development of IATA for different regulatory purposes. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tollefsen, Knut Erik] Norwegian Inst Water Res NIVA, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. [Scholz, Stefan] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Bioanalyt Ecotoxicol, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Cronin, Mark T.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Pharm & Biomol Sci, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. [Edwards, Stephen W.; Crofton, Kevin] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [de Knecht, Joop] Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Environm Directorate, Environm Hlth & Safety Div, F-75775 Paris 16, France. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Mississippi State Univ, Inst Genom Biocomp & Biotechnol, Starkville, MS USA. [Hartung, Thomas] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Alternat Anim Testing, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Worth, Andrew] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, Syst Toxicol Unit, Ispra, Varese, Italy. [Patlewicz, Grace] DuPont Haskell Global Ctr Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19711 USA. RP Patlewicz, G (reprint author), DuPont Haskell Global Ctr, Newark, DE 19711 USA. EM knut.erik.tollefsen@niva.no; stefan.scholz@ufz.de; M.T.Cronin@ljmu.ac.uk; Edwards.Stephen@epa.gov; Joop.DEKNECHT@oecd.org; Crofton.Kevin@epa.gov; natalia@icnanotox.org; thartung@jhsph.edu; Andrew.WORTH@ec.europa.eu; patlewig@hotmail.com RI Scholz, Stefan/B-7776-2014; Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Scholz, Stefan/0000-0002-6990-4716; Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Patlewicz, Grace/0000-0003-3863-9689 FU American Chemistry Council (ACC); BioDetection Systems; European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC); Environment Canada; European Commission Directorate General Joint Research Centre; Human Toxicology Project Consortium; International Life Sciences Institute - Health and Environmental Science Institute; Research Council of Norway [221455]; Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC); US Army Engineer Research and Development Center; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The content of this paper is the result of an international expert workshop on Advancing Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOP5) for Integrated Toxicology and Regulatory Applications. Support for the workshop was provided by the American Chemistry Council (ACC), BioDetection Systems, European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC), Environment Canada, European Commission Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Human Toxicology Project Consortium, International Life Sciences Institute - Health and Environmental Science Institute, The Research Council of Norway (Grant No. 221455), Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The authors acknowledge the workshop organizing committee, and all workshop participants for both plenary and informal discussions that influenced the content presented here. The views expressed are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the views of the organizations the authors are affiliated with or the sponsors. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by any of the author organizations or sponsors.; The participation of Tatiana Netzeva and Alberto Martin Aparicio from the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) in the discussions of the workshop is also acknowledged. The views expressed at the workshop represented the personal opinion of the experts as individual scientists and regulatory professionals and do not constitute an official position of ECHA.; The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the OECD or the governments of its member countries.; The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL) and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 113 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 11 U2 49 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 EI 1096-0295 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 70 IS 3 BP 629 EP 640 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.09.009 PG 12 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA AU7ZO UT WOS:000345816900007 PM 25261300 ER PT J AU Crump, KS Bussard, DA Chen, C Jinot, J AF Crump, Kenny S. Bussard, D. A. Chen, C. Jinot, J. TI The "bottom-up" approach does not necessarily bound low-dose risk SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Bussard, D. A.; Chen, C.; Jinot, J.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Crump, KS (reprint author), 2220 S Vienna St, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. EM KennyCrump@email.com; Bussard.David@epa.gov; chaochen25@comcast.net; Jinot.Jennifer@epa.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 EI 1096-0295 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 70 IS 3 BP 735 EP 736 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.10.008 PG 2 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA AU7ZO UT WOS:000345816900020 PM 25455229 ER PT J AU Foley, KM Napelenok, SL Jang, C Phillips, S Hubbell, BJ Fulcher, CM AF Foley, Kristen M. Napelenok, Sergey L. Jang, Carey Phillips, Sharon Hubbell, Bryan J. Fulcher, Charles M. TI Two reduced form air quality modeling techniques for rapidly calculating pollutant mitigation potential across many sources, locations and precursor emission types SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CMAQ-DDM; Response surface model; Emission controls; PM2.5; Ozone ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; NONLINEAR RESPONSE; OZONE; EXPOSURE; SYSTEM; IMPACT; CHINA AB Due to the computational cost of running regional-scale numerical air quality models, reduced form models (RFM) have been proposed as computationally efficient simulation tools for characterizing the pollutant response to many different types of emission reductions. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has developed two types of reduced form models based upon simulations of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. One is based on statistical response surface modeling (RSM) techniques using a multidimensional kriging approach to approximate the nonlinear chemical and physical processes. The second approach is based on using sensitivity coefficients estimated with the Decoupled Direct Method in 3 dimensions (CMAQ-DDM-3D) in a Taylor series approximation for the nonlinear response of the pollutant concentrations to changes in emissions from specific sectors and locations. Both types of reduced form models are used to estimate the changes in O-3 and PM2.5 across space associated with emission reductions of NOx and SO2 from power plants and other sectors in the eastern United States. This study provides a direct comparison of the RSM- and DDM-3D-based tools in terms of: computational cost, model performance against brute force runs, and model response to changes in emission inputs. For O-3, the DDM-3D RFM had slightly better performance on average for low to moderate emission cuts compared to the kriging-based RSM, but over-predicted O-3 disbenefits from cuts to mobile source NOx in very urban areas. The RSM approach required more up-front computational cost and produced some spurious O-3 increases in response to reductions in power plant emissions. However the RSM provided more accurate predictions for PM2.5 and for predictions of very large emission cuts (e.g. -60 to -90%). This comparison indicates that there are some important differences in the output of the two approaches that should be taken under consideration when interpreting results for a given application. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Foley, Kristen M.; Napelenok, Sergey L.; Jang, Carey; Phillips, Sharon; Hubbell, Bryan J.; Fulcher, Charles M.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Foley, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM foley.kristen@epa.gov OI Hubbell, Bryan/0000-0002-7963-3438 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 98 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.046 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU2WI UT WOS:000345475000030 ER PT J AU Nallathamby, PD Lewandowski, M Jaoui, M Offenberg, JH Kleindienst, TE Rubitschun, C Surratt, JD Usenko, S Sheesley, RJ AF Nallathamby, Punith Dev Lewandowski, Michael Jaoui, Mohammed Offenberg, John H. Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Rubitschun, Caitlin Surratt, Jason D. Usenko, Sascha Sheesley, Rebecca J. TI Qualitative and quantitative assessment of unresolved complex mixture in PM2.5 of Bakersfield, CA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Southern California; Semi-volatile organic carbon; Traffic emissions; PM2.5 ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; RESOLUTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; N-ALKANES; UNITED-STATES; OIL-SPILL; EMISSIONS; HYDROCARBONS; CALIFORNIA; SEDIMENTS AB The 2010 CalNex (California Nexus) field experiment offered an opportunity for detailed characterization of atmospheric particulate carbon composition and sources in Bakersfield, CA. In the current study, the authors describe and employ a new protocol for reporting unresolved complex mixture (UCM) in over 30 daily samples. The Bakersfield, CA site has significant contribution from UCM, 2.9 +/- 2.2% of the daily OC, which makes it an ideal first application. The new protocol reports two UCM peaks for Bakersfield with unique mean vapor pressure, retention time, mass spectra and daily ambient concentration trends. The first UCM peak, UCM-A, was comprised of semi-volatile compounds including alkanes, alkenes, and allcynes, with a mean vapor pressure of 2E-04 Tort and medium to heavy-duty diesel exhaust as a likely source. The second UCM peak, UCM-B, was comprised of linear, branched, and cyclic alkanes, with a mean vapor pressure of 1E-08 Torr. UCM-B had strong similarities to UCM in the NIST Standard Reference Material 1649b (urban dust) and to previously reported, detailed UCM for a representative Bakersfield sample, with possible sources including: motor vehicle exhaust, agricultural activities, and construction activities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nallathamby, Punith Dev; Usenko, Sascha; Sheesley, Rebecca J.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Lewandowski, Michael; Offenberg, John H.; Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jaoui, Mohammed] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Rubitschun, Caitlin; Surratt, Jason D.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Sheesley, RJ (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, OBP 97266, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM rebecca_sheesley@baylor.edu RI Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Sheesley, Rebecca/I-6655-2015; Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; Usenko, Sascha/N-8730-2015; OI Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Sheesley, Rebecca/0000-0002-8187-0571 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-10-070]; Baylor University; University Research Committee; C. Gus Glasscock, Jr. Endowed Fund for Excellence in Environmental Sciences FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under Contract EP-D-10-070 to Alion Science and Technology. The manuscript has been subjected to external peer review and has been cleared for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This study was supported in part by Baylor University funds including the University Research Committee and the C. Gus Glasscock, Jr. Endowed Fund for Excellence in Environmental Sciences. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 98 BP 368 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.006 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU2WI UT WOS:000345475000039 ER PT J AU Napelenok, SL Vedantham, R Bhave, PV Pouliot, GA Kwok, RHF AF Napelenok, Sergey L. Vedantham, Ram Bhave, Prakash V. Pouliot, George A. Kwok, Roger H. F. TI Source-receptor reconciliation of fine-particulate emissions from residential wood combustion in the southeastern United States SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Particulate matter; Residential wood combustion; Carbon; Air quality model; Source apportionment ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; PARTICLE EMISSIONS; AIR-QUALITY; PM2.5; COMPONENTS; HEALTH; IMPACT; CARBON; SMOKE; MODIS AB An extensive collection of speciated PM2.5 measurements including organic tracers permitted a detailed examination of the emissions from residential wood combustion (RWC) in the southeastern United States over an entire year (2007). The Community Multiscale Air Quality model-based Integrated Source Apportionment Method (CMAQ-ISAM) was used in combination with the U.S. National Emissions Inventory (NEI) to compute source contributions from ten categories of biomass combustion, including RWC. A novel application of the receptor-based statistical model, Unmix, was used to subdivide the observed concentrations of levoglucosan, a unique tracer of biomass combustion. Using the CMAQ-ISAM and Unmix models together, we find that the emission-based RWC contribution to ambient carbonaceous PM2.5 predicted by the model is approximately a factor of two lower than indicated by observations. Recommendations for improving the temporal allocation of the emissions are proposed and tested to show a potential improvement in model RWC predictions, quantified by approximately 15% less bias. Further improvements in the sector predictions could be achieved with a survey-based analysis of detailed RWC emission patterns. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Napelenok, Sergey L.; Vedantham, Ram; Bhave, Prakash V.; Pouliot, George A.; Kwok, Roger H. F.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Napelenok, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM napelenok.sergey@epa.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 98 BP 454 EP 460 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.021 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU2WI UT WOS:000345475000049 ER PT J AU Christensen, K Sobus, J Phillips, M Blessinger, T Lorber, M Tan, YM AF Christensen, Krista Sobus, Jon Phillips, Martin Blessinger, Todd Lorber, Matthew Tan, Yu-Mei TI Changes in epidemiologic associations with different exposure metrics: A case study of phthalate exposure associations with body mass index and waist circumference SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Exposure metric; Phthalates; BMI; WC; Bias ID HUMAN HEALTH-RISKS; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE DEHP; BISPHENOL-A; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; URINARY CONCENTRATIONS; LIPID ADJUSTMENT; METABOLITES; SAMPLES; VARIABILITY; CHILDREN AB The use of human biomonitoring data to characterize exposure to environmental contaminants in epidemiology studies has expanded greatly in recent years. Substantial variability in effect measures may arise when using different exposure metrics for a given contaminant, and it is often not clear which metric is the best surrogate for the 'causal' or 'true' exposure. Here we evaluated variability and potential bias in epidemiologic associations resulting from the use of different phthalate exposure metrics in the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We examined associations between urinary phthalate metabolites and the outcomes of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). We examined each of the following NHANES-derived exposure metrics for metabolites of individual phthalates: molar excretion rate (nmol/min), molar amount (nmol), molar concentration (nmol/mL, with and without additional model adjustment for creatinine), creatinine corrected molar concentration (nmol/g creatinine), and reconstructed daily phthalate intake (nmol/kg/day). In order to investigate potential biasing effect of each metric, we first assumed that daily intake of the parent phthalate is the causal exposure. We then constructed a simulated population based on the 2009-2010 NHANES, and randomly assigned each individual a di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) intake dose based on a published distribution, but independent of any other factor. Accordingly, all associations between these randomly assigned intake doses and individuals' BMI and WC should be null. Next, demographic data in the NHANES were incorporated into a pharmacokinetic model to predict urinary molar excretions of five DEHP metabolites based on the randomly assigned DEHP intake. The predicted molar excretions were then used to calculate the same exposure metrics listed above. Three exposure metrics (randomly generated intake, excretion rate, urine concentration) showed no significant associations with BMI, which supports the null hypothesis stated above. In contrast, metrics adjusted for creatinine showed a significant negative correlation, and reconstructed daily intake showed a significant positive correlation, indicating the introduction of bias away from the true (i.e., null) association. Interestingly, trends in the simulation analysis were similar to those seen in the observed NHANES data. Our findings show that, at least in this example case, the choice of exposure metric can introduce significant bias of varying magnitude and direction into the calculation of epidemiologic associations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Christensen, Krista; Blessinger, Todd; Lorber, Matthew] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Sobus, Jon; Tan, Yu-Mei] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Phillips, Martin] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN USA. RP Christensen, K (reprint author), Bur Environm & Occupat Hlth, Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, 1 W Wilson St,Rm 150, Madison, WI 53701 USA. OI Phillips, Martin/0000-0002-6282-529X NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 73 BP 66 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2014.07.010 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU3WE UT WOS:000345540700008 PM 25090576 ER PT J AU Jhun, I Fann, N Zanobetti, A Hubbell, B AF Jhun, Iny Fann, Neal Zanobetti, Antonella Hubbell, Bryan TI Effect modification of ozone-related mortality risks by temperature in 97 US cities SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Temperature; Mortality; Effect modification; Air conditioning ID AIR-POLLUTION; NATIONAL MORBIDITY; PARTICULATE MATTER; TIME-SERIES; NMMAPS DATA; COMMUNITIES; METAANALYSIS; POLLUTANTS; EXPOSURE; MODIFY AB Many time-series studies have characterized the relationship between short-term ozone exposure and adverse health outcomes, controlling for temperature as a confounder. Temperature may also modify ozone effects, though this has been largely under-investigated. In this study, we explored whether temperature modifies the effect of short-term ozone exposure on mortality. We used the database developed for the National Morbidity and Mortality Air Pollution Study to estimate ozone mortality risks in 97 US cities in May through September, 1987-2000. We treated temperature as a confounder as well as an effect modifier by estimating risks at low, moderate, and high temperature categories. When temperature was treated as a confounder, a 10-ppb increase in daily 24-h ozone was associated with a 0.47% (95% CI: 0.19%-0.76%) increase in mortality. When we assessed effect modification by temperature, the interaction between ozone and temperature was not statistically significant However, there was a U-shaped pattern in mortality risk, which was greater at the low (<25th percentile) and high (>75th percentile) temperature levels than moderate temperature levels. At the high temperature category, a 10% increase in AC prevalence mitigated mortality risk associated with 10-ppb of ozone exposure by -0.18% (95% CI: -0.35%, -0.02%). Furthermore, ozone mortality risk in the high temperature category increased as we restricted our analyses to hotter days. On days where temperatures exceeded the 75th, 90th, and 95th percentile temperatures, a 10-ppb increase in ozone was associated with a 0.65% (95% CI: 0.20%-1.09%), 0.83% (95% CI: 0.17%-1.48%), and 135% (95% CI: 0.44%-2.27%) increase in mortality, respectively. These results suggested that high temperatures may exacerbate physiological responses to short-term ozone exposure. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jhun, Iny; Zanobetti, Antonella] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Fann, Neal; Hubbell, Bryan] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jhun, I (reprint author), 401 Pk Dr,Landmark 4 West,Rm 412 J, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM iny@mail.harvard.edu OI Fann, Neal/0000-0002-6724-8575; Hubbell, Bryan/0000-0002-7963-3438 FU EPA's National Network for Environmental Management Studies fellowship; Harvard School of Public Health scholarship FX This work was made possible by the EPA's National Network for Environmental Management Studies fellowship and the Harvard School of Public Health scholarship. We thank the journal reviewers for their suggestions on the AC prevalence analyses. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 73 BP 128 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2014.07.009 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU3WE UT WOS:000345540700015 PM 25113626 ER PT J AU LaKind, JS Sobus, JR Goodman, M Barr, DB Furst, P Albertini, RJ Arbuckle, TE Schoeters, G Tan, YM Teeguarden, J Tornero-Velez, R Weisel, CP AF LaKind, Judy S. Sobus, Jon R. Goodman, Michael Barr, Dana Boyd Fuerst, Peter Albertini, Richard J. Arbuckle, Tye E. Schoeters, Greet Tan, Yu-Mei Teeguarden, Justin Tornero-Velez, Rogelio Weisel, Clifford P. TI A proposal for assessing study quality: Biomonitoring, Environmental Epidemiology, and Short-lived Chemicals (BEES-C) instrument SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE BEES-C; Biomonitoring; Ubiquitous chemicals; Short physiologic half-life; Evaluation instrument; Environmental epidemiology ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 24-H URINE SAMPLES; BISPHENOL-A; NONDIFFERENTIAL MISCLASSIFICATION; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; UNITED-STATES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PYRETHROID METABOLITES; HYPOTHESIS GENERATION; PHTHALATE METABOLITES AB The quality of exposure assessment is a major determinant of the overall quality of any environmental epidemiology study. The use of biomonitoring as a tool for assessing exposure to ubiquitous chemicals with short physiologic half-lives began relatively recently. These chemicals present several challenges, including their presence in analytical laboratories and sampling equipment, difficulty in establishing temporal order in cross-sectional studies, short- and long-term variability in exposures and biomarker concentrations, and a paucity of information on the number of measurements required for proper exposure classification. To date, the scientific community has not developed a set of systematic guidelines for designing, implementing and interpreting studies of short-lived chemicals that use biomonitoring as,the exposure metric or for evaluating the quality of this type of research for WOE assessments or for peer review of grants or publications. We describe key issues that affect epidemiology studies using biomonitoring data on short-lived chemicals and propose a systematic instrument - the Biomonitoring, Environmental Epidemiology, and Short-lived Chemicals (BEES-C) instrument - for evaluating the quality of research proposals and studies that incorporate biomonitoring data on short-lived chemicals. Quality criteria for three areas considered fundamental to the evaluation of epidemiology studies that include biological measurements of short-lived chemicals are described: 1) biomarker selection and measurement, 2) study design and execution, and 3) general epidemiological study design considerations. We recognize that the development of an evaluative tool such as BEES-C is neither simple nor non-controversial. We hope and anticipate that the instrument will initiate further discussion/debate on this topic. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [LaKind, Judy S.] LaKind Associates LLC, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. [LaKind, Judy S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Sch Med, College Pk, MD USA. [LaKind, Judy S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sobus, Jon R.; Tan, Yu-Mei; Tornero-Velez, Rogelio] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Goodman, Michael] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Barr, Dana Boyd] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Fuerst, Peter] Munsterland Emscher Lippe CVUA MEL, Chem & Vet Analyt Inst, D-48151 Munster, Germany. [Albertini, Richard J.] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Underhill Ctr, VT 05490 USA. [Arbuckle, Tye E.] Hlth Canada, Populat Studies Div, Hlth Environm & Consumer Safety Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. [Schoeters, Greet] VITO, Environm Risk & Hlth Unit, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [Schoeters, Greet] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biomed Sci, Antwerp, Belgium. [Teeguarden, Justin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Weisel, Clifford P.] UMDNJ, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP LaKind, JS (reprint author), LaKind Associates LLC, 106 Oakdale Ave, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. EM lakindassoc@gmail.com; Sobus.Jon@epa.gov; mgoodm2@emory.edu; dbbarr@emory.edu; Peter.Fuerst@cvua-mel.de; Ralbert315@aol.com; Tye.Arbuckle@hc-sc.gc.ca; greet.schoeters@vito.be; Tan.Cecilia@epa.gov; jt@pnnl.gov; Tornero-Velez.Rogelio@epa.gov; weisel@eohsi.rutgers.edu OI Teeguarden, Justin/0000-0003-3817-4391 FU Polycarbonate/BPA Global Group of the American Chemistry Council (ACC) FX The Workshop was sponsored by Polycarbonate/BPA Global Group of the American Chemistry Council (ACC). ACC was not involved in the design, management, or development of the Workshop or in the preparation or approval of the manuscript Workshop participants or their affiliated organizations received an honorarium (except JSL, ES, GS, JS, JT, Y-MT, RT-V, TA) and travel support (except TA, Y-MT, DB, ES). JSL received support for Workshop development and facilitation; JSL consults to governmental and private sectors. MG regularly serves as a consultant for the government and for the private sector. No other competing interests are declared. NR 122 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 73 BP 195 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2014.07.011 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU3WE UT WOS:000345540700023 PM 25137624 ER PT J AU Xue, JP Zartarian, V Tornero-Velez, R Tulve, NS AF Xue, Jianping Zartarian, Valerie Tornero-Velez, Rogelio Tulve, Nicolle S. TI EPA's SHEDS-multimedia model: Children's cumulative pyrethroid exposure estimates and evaluation against NHANES biomarker data SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE SHEDS-Multimedia; Pyrethroids; Cumulative; Exposure; Dose; Model ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; DERMAL ABSORPTION; INSECTICIDES; PERMETHRIN; CYPERMETHRIN; METABOLITES; POPULATION; PESTICIDES; PLAYSETS; DIETARY AB The U.S. EPA's SHEDS-Multimedia model was applied to enhance the understanding of children's exposures and doses to multiple pyrethroid pesticides, including major contributing chemicals and pathways. This paper presents combined dietary and residential exposure estimates and cumulative doses for seven commonly used pyrethroids, and comparisons of model evaluation results with NHANES biomarker data for 3-PBA and DCCA metabolites. Model input distributions were fit to publicly available pesticide usage survey data, NHANES, and other studies, then SHEDS-Multimedia was applied to estimate total pyrethroid exposures and doses for 35 year olds for one year variability simulations. For dose estimations we used a pharmacokinetic model and two approaches for simulating dermal absorption. SHEDS-Multimedia predictions compared well to NHANES biomarker data: ratios of 3-PBA observed data to SHEDS-Multimedia modeled results were 0.88, 0.51, 0.54 and 1.02 for mean, median, 95th, and 99th percentiles, respectively; for DCCA, the ratios were 0.82, 0.53, 0.56, and 0.94. Modeled time-averaged cumulative absorbed dose of the seven pyrethroids was 3.1 nmol/day (versus 8.4 nmol/day for adults) in the general population (residential pyrethroid use and non-use homes) and 6.7 nmol/day (versus 10.5 nmol/day for adults) in the simulated residential pyrethroid use population. For the general population, contributions to modeled cumulative dose by chemical were permethrin (60%), cypermethrin (22%), and cyfluthrin (16%); for residential use homes, contributions were cypermethrin (49%), permethrin (29%), and cyfiuthrin (17%). The primary exposure route for 3-5 year olds in the simulated residential use population was non-dietary ingestion exposure; whereas for the simulated general population, dietary exposure was the primary exposure route. Below the 95th percentile, the major exposure pathway was dietary for the general population; non-dietary ingestion was the major pathway starting below the 70th percentile for the residential use population. The new dermal absorption methodology considering surface loading had some impact, but did not change the order of key pathways. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Xue, Jianping; Zartarian, Valerie; Tornero-Velez, Rogelio; Tulve, Nicolle S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Xue, JP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM xue.jianping@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to agency administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 73 BP 304 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2014.08.008 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU3WE UT WOS:000345540700035 PM 25192887 ER PT J AU Meyer, KM Tufts, JA Calfee, MW Oudejans, L AF Meyer, K. M. Tufts, J. A. Calfee, M. W. Oudejans, L. TI Efficacy of sporicidal wipes for inactivation of a Bacillus anthracis surrogate SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus atrophaeus; biological agent; decontamination; sporicidal wipe ID CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE SPORES; MICROBICIDAL ACTIVITIES; ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACES; DISINFECTION METHODS; LABORATORY-SCALE; DECONTAMINATION; CONTAMINATION AB AimsTo evaluate five commercially available sporicidal wipes and two disinfecting wipes for their ability to inactivate Bacillus atrophaeus spores deposited onto various material surfaces. Methods and ResultsDecontamination efficacy of the wipes was initially tested on glass Petri dishes (150mm diameter). Following exposure for a specified time of contact, survival of the spores was assessed by quantification of the remaining viable spores, both on the coupon surface and on the towelette itself, with efficacy quantified in terms of mean log reduction. Based on these data, five wipes were down-selected for evaluation on a larger scale, using 36x36cm coupons of five different material types. ConclusionsResults suggest that sodium hypochlorite-based sporicidal wipes were most effective, having completely inactivated the Bacillus spores on the glass Petri dish and several materials. Additionally, results demonstrate that the manufacturer-prescribed contact times for Clostridium difficile achieved a 6 log(10) reduction of B.atrophaeus spores. Moreover, commercially available disinfecting wipes were not able to kill Bacillus spores as evaluated. Significance and Impact of the StudyThese data show the potential of sporicidal wipes for decontamination of small, contained areas of biological contamination and may help on-scene coordinators develop remediation plans following a biological terrorism event. C1 [Meyer, K. M.; Tufts, J. A.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Calfee, M. W.; Oudejans, L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Oudejans, L (reprint author), US EPA, MD E343-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM oudejans.lukas@epa.gov OI Calfee, Michael/0000-0001-6544-329X FU U.S. Department of Energy; EPA FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and EPA. The authors gratefully acknowledge the critical reviews by Shannon Serre (EPA's Office of Research and Development on detail with EPA's Office of Emergency Management) and Frank Schaefer (EPA's Office of Research and Development). This manuscript has been subject to an administrative review; the views expressed here are those of the authors and do not reflect the view or policies of the Agency. No official endorsement should be inferred, as the EPA does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 EI 1365-2672 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 117 IS 6 BP 1634 EP 1644 DI 10.1111/jam.12648 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AU3JZ UT WOS:000345510300010 PM 25220421 ER PT J AU Omernik, JM Griffith, GE AF Omernik, James M. Griffith, Glenn E. TI Ecoregions of the Conterminous United States: Evolution of a Hierarchical Spatial Framework SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecoregions; Spatial frameworks; Ecosystem management; Regionalization; United States; North America ID LAND-COVER CHANGE; WATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGICAL REGIONS; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; GREAT-PLAINS; USA; ECOREGIONALIZATION; CLASSIFICATION; PERSPECTIVES; DELINEATION AB A map of ecological regions of the conterminous United States, first published in 1987, has been greatly refined and expanded into a hierarchical spatial framework in response to user needs, particularly by state resource management agencies. In collaboration with scientists and resource managers from numerous agencies and institutions in the United States, Mexico, and Canada, the framework has been expanded to cover North America, and the original ecoregions (now termed Level III) have been refined, subdivided, and aggregated to identify coarser as well as more detailed spatial units. The most generalized units (Level I) define 10 ecoregions in the conterminous U.S., while the finest-scale units (Level IV) identify 967 ecoregions. In this paper, we explain the logic underpinning the approach, discuss the evolution of the regional mapping process, and provide examples of how the ecoregions were distinguished at each hierarchical level. The variety of applications of the ecoregion framework illustrates its utility in resource assessment and management. C1 [Omernik, James M.; Griffith, Glenn E.] US EPA, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Griffith, GE (reprint author), US EPA, US Geol Survey, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM omernik.james@epa.gov; ggriffith@usgs.gov NR 112 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1249 EP 1266 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0364-1 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT7EN UT WOS:000345099900002 PM 25223620 ER PT J AU Clark, BW Bone, AJ Di Giulio, RT AF Clark, Bryan W. Bone, A. J. Di Giulio, R. T. TI Resistance to teratogenesis by F1 and F2 embryos of PAH-adapted Fundulus heteroclitus is strongly inherited despite reduced recalcitrance of the AHR pathway SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fundulus heteroclitus; Aryl hydrocarbon pathway; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Pollution adaptation; Cardiac teratogenesis ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CREOSOTE-CONTAMINATED SITE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; ATLANTIC KILLIFISH; ELIZABETH RIVER; ALTERED EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR AGONISTS; SUPERFUND SITE; IN-VITRO; FISH AB Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting the Atlantic Wood Superfund site on the Elizabeth River (Portsmouth, VA, USA) are exposed to a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from former creosote operations, but are resistant to the acute toxicity and cardiac teratogenesis caused by PAHs. The resistance is associated with a dramatic recalcitrance to induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP1) metabolism enzymes following exposure to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonists, along with an elevated antioxidant response and increased expression of several other xenobiotic metabolism and excretion enzymes. However, the heritability of the resistance in the absence of chemical stressors has been inconsistently demonstrated. Understanding the heritability of this resistance will help clarify the nature of population-level responses to chronic exposure to PAH mixtures and aid in identifying the important mechanistic components of resistance to aryl hydrocarbons. We compared the response of Atlantic Wood F1 and F2 embryos to benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), and a mixture of BkF and fluoranthene (Fl) to that of F1 embryos of reference site killifish. Resistance to cardiac teratogenesis and induction of CYP mRNA expression and CYP activity was determined. We found that both Atlantic Wood F1 and F2 embryos were highly resistance to cardiac teratogenesis. However, the resistance by Atlantic Wood F2 embryos to induction of CYP mRNA expression and enzyme activity was intermediate between that of Atlantic Wood F1 embryos and reference embryos. These results suggest that resistance to cardiac teratogenesis in Atlantic Wood fish is conferred by multiple factors, not all of which appear to be fully genetically heritable. C1 [Clark, Bryan W.; Bone, A. J.; Di Giulio, R. T.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Clark, BW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM bwclark8@gmail.com OI Bone, Audrey/0000-0002-8853-0553 FU National Institute of Environmental Health [P42ES10356]; Duke University Integrated Toxicology Program [T32ES007031] FX We thank Dr. Cole Matson, Dr. Lauren Wills, Dr. Dawoon Jung, Dr. Lindsey Garner, and Daniel Brown for their assistance with fish collection and exposure. This work was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health supported Superfund Research Program (P42ES10356) and Duke University Integrated Toxicology Program (T32ES007031). NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 21 IS 24 BP 13898 EP 13908 DI 10.1007/s11356-013-2446-7 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU0LN UT WOS:000345314500018 PM 24374617 ER PT J AU Yuan, LL Pollard, AI AF Yuan, Lester L. Pollard, Amina I. TI Classifying lakes to improve precision of nutrient-chlorophyll relationships SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stressor-response; nutrients; chlorophyll; classification ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; MODEL SEARCH; FRESH-WATER; PHOSPHORUS; EUTROPHICATION; CLASSIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN; TREES; TEMPERATURE AB Accurate and precise estimates of relationships between stressors and environmental responses can inform management decisions most usefully when models can be easily interpreted. Here, we describe an approach for classifying lakes and reservoirs that can improve estimates of the relationships between total P (TP) and chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration, while preserving a model that can be readily interpreted by environmental managers and stakeholders. We selected classification variables statistically with a classification and regression tree in which relationships between TP and chl a were the terminal nodes of the tree. We developed a set of classification trees from bootstrapped replicates of the calibration data to explore a broader range of possible trees. We chose a final tree based on its predictive performance with a validation data set. The total N:TP mass ratio was the classification variable selected most frequently from a broad array of biological, chemical, and physical candidate classification variables. Relationships between TP and chl a in the resulting lake classes provided predictions that were substantially more accurate than predictions computed using nutrient ecoregions based on aggregations of Omernik Level III ecoregions, but predictions from a random forest model that averaged an ensemble of trees were even more accurate. Thus, the classification approach presented here sacrifices a small amount of predictive accuracy to retain a tree structure that is readily interpretable. C1 [Yuan, Lester L.; Pollard, Amina I.] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Yuan, LL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, 1200 Penn Ave,Mail Code 4304T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM yuan.lester@epa.gov; pollard.amina@epa.gov NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 37 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1184 EP 1194 DI 10.1086/678465 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AT4PH UT WOS:000344922000016 ER PT J AU Mackie, JA Wostenberg, D Doan, M Craig, SF Darling, JA AF Mackie, Joshua A. Wostenberg, Darren Doan, Michael Craig, Sean F. Darling, John A. TI High-throughput Illumina sequencing and microsatellite design in Watersipora (Bryozoa), a complex of invasive species SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE De novo sequencing; Non-indigenous species; Marine fouling organism AB The bryozoan genus Watersipora includes rapidly invading species that are becoming common globally. We used paired-end Illumina sequencing to identify thousands of potentially amplifiable microsatellite loci, enabling researchers to track patterns of the invasive spread, and to facilitate ecological and evolutionary question setting. We describe variability of nine loci within recently introduced populations of two Watersipora species in California. C1 [Mackie, Joshua A.; Wostenberg, Darren] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Doan, Michael] ThermoFisher Sci, San Francisco, CA USA. [Craig, Sean F.] Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Darling, John A.] US EPA, Durham, NC USA. RP Mackie, JA (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM joshuamackie@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0959894] FX Leslee Parr (SJSU), Frank Cipriano (San Francisco State University Genomics/Transcriptomics Analysis Core), Robert Macey (Profile Genomics), Dustin DeMeo (Profile Genomics, SJSU), Maria Bangal (SJSU), Cerise Chen (California Academy of Sciences), Reggie Blackwell (HSU), Jonathan Geller (Moss Landing Marine Laboratory), Steve Lonhart (South West Fisheries Science Center, NOAA), Alexander Poole (University of Colorado School of Medicine), Louise McKenzie (University of NSW), and the Data Intensive Academic Grid (DIAG) support staff (University of Maryland Institute for Genome Sciences) provided assistance or resources. Computation was conducted on the National Science Foundation funded MRI-R2 project #DBI-0959894. Though this study has been subjected to US EPA administrative review and approved for publication, its content does not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1053 EP 1055 DI 10.1007/s12686-014-0286-5 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AS8EC UT WOS:000344481900063 ER PT J AU Gabriel, M Knightes, C Dennis, R Cooter, E AF Gabriel, Mark Knightes, Chris Dennis, Robin Cooter, Ellen TI Potential Impact of Clean Air Act Regulations on Nitrogen Fate and Transport in the Neuse River Basin: a Modeling Investigation Using CMAQ and SWAT SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE SWAT model; CMAQ model; Clean Air Act; Nitrogen; Watershed ID NEW-YORK-STATE; NORTHEASTERN USA; UNITED-STATES; EASTERN USA; FRESH-WATER; PHASE-I; DEPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS; AMENDMENTS; EMISSIONS AB There has been extensive analysis of Clean Air Act Amendment (CAAA) regulation impacts to changes in atmospheric nitrogen deposition; however, few studies have focused on watershed nitrogen transfer particularly regarding long-term predictions. In this study, we investigated impacts of CAAA NOx emissions on the fate and transport of nitrogen for two watersheds in the Neuse River Basin. We applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) using simulated deposition rates from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Two scenarios were investigated: one that considered CAAA emission controls in CMAQ simulation (with) and a second that did not (without). By 2020, results showed a 70 % drop in nitrogen discharge for the Little River watershed and a 50 % drop for the Nahunta watershed from 1990 levels under the with-CAAA scenario. Denitrification and plant nitrogen uptake played important roles in nitrogen discharge from each watershed. Nitrogen watershed response time to a change in atmospheric nitrogen deposition was 4 years for Nahunta and 2 years for Little River. We attribute these differences in nitrogen response time to contrasts in agricultural land use and diversity of crop types. Soybean, hay, and corn land covers had comparatively longer response times to changes in atmospheric deposition. The studied watersheds demonstrate relatively large nitrogen retention: >= 80 % of all delivered nitrogen. C1 [Gabriel, Mark; Knightes, Chris] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab NERL, Off Res & Dev ORD, Ecosystem Res Div ERD, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Dennis, Robin; Cooter, Ellen] US EPA, ORD, NERL, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div AMAD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gabriel, M (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab NERL, Off Res & Dev ORD, Ecosystem Res Div ERD, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM marklive02@yahoo.com NR 39 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 EI 1573-2967 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 19 IS 6 BP 451 EP 465 DI 10.1007/s10666-014-9410-x PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT0CI UT WOS:000344604200001 ER PT J AU Pearson, TRH Brown, S Sohngen, B Henman, J Ohrel, S AF Pearson, Timothy R. H. Brown, Sandra Sohngen, Brent Henman, Jennifer Ohrel, Sara TI Transaction costs for carbon sequestration projects in the tropical forest sector SO MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Carbon projects; Forest carbon; Mitigation; Transaction costs AB There is general consensus that carbon (C) sequestration projects in forests are a relatively low cost option for mitigating climate change, but most studies on the subject have assumed that transaction costs are negligible. The objectives of the study were to examine transaction costs for forest C sequestration projects and to determine the significance of the costs based on economic analyses. Here we examine four case studies of active C sequestration projects being implemented in tropical countries and developed for the C market. The results from the case studies were then used with a dynamic forest and land use economic model to investigate how transaction costs affect the efficiency and cost of forest C projects globally. In the case studies transaction costs ranged from 0.38 to 27 million US dollars ($0.09 to $7.71/t CO2) or 0.3 to 270 % of anticipated income depending principally on the price of C and project size. The three largest cost categories were insurance (under the voluntary market; 41-89 % of total costs), monitoring (3-42 %) and regulatory approval (8-50 %). The global analysis indicated that most existing estimates of marginal costs of C sequestration are underestimated by up to 30 % because transaction costs were not included. C1 [Pearson, Timothy R. H.; Brown, Sandra] Winrock Int Livestock Res & Training Ctr, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Sohngen, Brent] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH USA. [Henman, Jennifer] Climate Adapt Ltd, London, England. [Ohrel, Sara] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Pearson, TRH (reprint author), Winrock Int Livestock Res & Training Ctr, 2121 Crystal Dr,Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM tpearson@winrock.org FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This paper was prepared with funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The opinions expressed in the report, however, are the authors' and do not reflect, necessarily, the views of the EPA. We express our great thanks to U.S. EPA Work Assignment Managers and to Heidi Ries of Stratus Consulting, Inc. We also acknowledge the assistance and generous provision of data from the anonymous case study projects. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-2386 EI 1573-1596 J9 MITIG ADAPT STRAT GL JI Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1209 EP 1222 DI 10.1007/s11027-013-9469-8 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT2YQ UT WOS:000344801000006 ER PT J AU Soller, JA Schoen, ME Varghese, A Ichida, AM Boehm, AB Eftim, S Ashbolt, NJ Ravenscroft, JE AF Soller, Jeffrey A. Schoen, Mary E. Varghese, Arun Ichida, Audrey M. Boehm, Alexandria B. Eftim, Sorina Ashbolt, Nicholas J. Ravenscroft, John E. TI Human health risk implications of multiple sources of faecal indicator bacteria in a recreational waterbody SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Recreational water; Quantitative microbial risk assessment; Microbial source apportionment; Faecal contamination ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; RAPIDLY MEASURED INDICATORS; DOSE-RESPONSE; GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; UNITED-STATES; MARINE WATER; QUALITY; EXPOSURE; MARKERS AB We simulate the influence of multiple sources of enterococci (ENT) as faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in recreational water bodies on potential human health risk by considering waters impacted by human and animal sources, human and non-pathogenic sources, and animal and non-pathogenic sources. We illustrate that risks vary with the proportion of culturable ENT in water bodies derived from these sources and estimate corresponding ENT densities that yield the same level of health protection that the recreational water quality criteria in the United States seeks (benchmark risk). The benchmark risk is based on epidemiological studies conducted in water bodies predominantly impacted by human faecal sources. The key result is that the risks from mixed sources are driven predominantly by the proportion of the contamination source with the greatest ability to cause human infection (potency), not necessarily the greatest source(s) of FIB. Predicted risks from exposures to mixtures comprised of approximately 30% ENT from human sources were up to 50% lower than the risks expected from purely human sources when contamination is recent and ENT levels are at the current water quality criteria levels (35 CPU 100 mL(-1)). For human/non-pathogenic, human/gull, human/pig, and human/chicken faecal mixtures with relatively low human contribution, the predicted culturable enterococci densities that correspond to the benchmark risk are substantially greater than the current water quality criteria values. These findings are important because they highlight the potential applicability of site specific water quality criteria for waters that are predominantly un-impacted by human sources. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Soller, Jeffrey A.; Schoen, Mary E.] Soller Environm LLC, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. [Varghese, Arun; Ichida, Audrey M.; Eftim, Sorina] ICF Int LLC, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Boehm, Alexandria B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Ravenscroft, John E.] US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Soller, JA (reprint author), Soller Environm LLC, 3022 King St, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. EM jsoller@sollerenvironmental.com OI Ravenscroft, John/0000-0002-8834-7310 FU U.S. EPA Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology FX The research described in this article was funded by the U.S. EPA Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology. This work has been subject to formal Agency review, but does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. We are grateful to Tim Bartrand for conducting the literature review for animal sources, Martha Embrey, Elizabeth Doyle, and Betsy Behl for providing invaluable review and technical edit of our draft manuscript, and Orin Shanks for insightful comments. NR 70 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 66 BP 254 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.026 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AT3GI UT WOS:000344823500024 PM 25222329 ER PT J AU Procter, AC Ellis, JC Fay, PA Polley, HW Jackson, RB AF Procter, Andrew C. Ellis, J. Christopher Fay, Philip A. Polley, H. Wayne Jackson, Robert B. TI Fungal Community Responses to Past and Future Atmospheric CO2 Differ by Soil Type SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FOREST SOILS; ELEVATED CO2; GRASSLAND PRODUCTIVITY; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; DIVERSITY; PLANT; NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEM AB Soils sequester and release substantial atmospheric carbon, but the contribution of fungal communities to soil carbon balance under rising CO2 is not well understood. Soil properties likely mediate these fungal responses but are rarely explored in CO2 experiments. We studied soil fungal communities in a grassland ecosystem exposed to a preindustrial-to-future CO2 gradient ( 250 to 500 ppm) in a black clay soil and a sandy loam soil. Sanger sequencing and pyrosequencing of the rRNA gene cluster revealed that fungal community composition and its response to CO2 differed significantly between soils. Fungal species richness and relative abundance of Chytridiomycota ( chytrids) increased linearly with CO2 in the black clay ( P < 0.04, R-2 > 0.7), whereas the relative abundance of Glomeromycota ( arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) increased linearly with elevated CO2 in the sandy loam ( P = 0.02, R-2 = 0.63). Across both soils, decomposition rate was positively correlated with chytrid relative abundance ( r = 0.57) and, in the black clay soil, fungal species richness. Decomposition rate was more strongly correlated with microbial biomass ( r = 0.88) than with fungal variables. Increased labile carbon availability with elevated CO2 may explain the greater fungal species richness and Chytridiomycota abundance in the black clay soil, whereas increased phosphorus limitation may explain the increase in Glomeromycota at elevated O-2 in the sandy loam. Our results demonstrate that soil type plays a key role in soil fungal responses to rising atmospheric CO2. C1 [Procter, Andrew C.; Ellis, J. Christopher; Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC USA. [Fay, Philip A.; Polley, H. Wayne] ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Procter, AC (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM acprocter@gmail.com OI Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 FU U. S. Department of Energy (Program in Ecosystem Research) [ER64242]; U. S. Department of Agriculture; Sigma Xi; National Science Foundation FX This project was supported by funding from the U. S. Department of Energy (Program in Ecosystem Research no. ER64242), the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Sigma Xi, and the National Science Foundation. NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 50 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 80 IS 23 BP 7364 EP 7377 DI 10.1128/AEM.02083-14 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AS3FW UT WOS:000344163700027 PM 25239904 ER PT J AU Johansson, E Reponen, T Meller, J Vesper, S Yadav, J AF Johansson, Elisabet Reponen, Tiina Meller, Jarek Vesper, Stephen Yadav, Jagjit TI Association of Streptomyces community composition determined by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis with indoor mold status SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Streptomyces; Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; House dust; Mold; Decision trees ID DAMAGED BUILDING-MATERIALS; RELATIVE MOLDINESS INDEX; STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; QUANTITATIVE PCR; HOUSE-DUST; CALIFORNICUS; HOMES; EXPOSURE; ASTHMA; AIR AB Both Streptomyces species and mold species have previously been isolated from moisture-damaged building materials; however, an association between these two groups of microorganisms in indoor environments is not clear. In this study, we used a culture-independent method, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), to investigate the composition of the Streptomyces community in house dust. Twenty-three dust samples each from two sets of homes categorized as high-mold and low-mold based on mold-specific quantitative PCR analysis were used in the study. Taxonomic identification of prominent bands was performed by cloning and sequencing. Associations between DGGE amplicon band intensities and home mold status were assessed using univariate analyses as well as multivariate recursive partitioning (decision trees) to test the predictive value of combinations of bands intensities. In the final classification tree, a combination of two bands was significantly associated with mold status of the home (p = 0.001). The sequence corresponding to one of the bands in the final decision tree matched a group of Streptomyces species that included Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces sampsonii, both of which have been isolated from moisture-damaged buildings previously. The closest match for the majority of sequences corresponding to a second band consisted of a group of Streptomyces species that included Streptomyces hygroscopicus, an important producer of antibiotics and immunosuppressors. Taken together, the study showed that DGGE can be a useful tool for identifying bacterial species that may be more prevalent in mold-damaged buildings. C1 [Johansson, Elisabet; Reponen, Tiina; Meller, Jarek; Yadav, Jagjit] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Vesper, Stephen] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Johansson, E (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, 3333 Burnet Ave,ML 7037, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM Hanna.Johansson@cchmc.org FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pilot Research Project Training Program of the University of Cincinnati Education and Research Center [T42/OH008432-05]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES10957, ES11170]; US Department of Housing and Urban Development [OHLHH0162-07] FX This study was partially supported by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pilot Research Project Training Program of the University of Cincinnati Education and Research Center Grant #T42/OH008432-05. Additional funding came from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grants ES10957 and ES11170. The home assessment was supported by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development grant #OHLHH0162-07. The authors would like to thank Dr Renuka Na and Dr Suman Pradhan for advice and assistance with the DGGE method. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 186 IS 12 BP 8773 EP 8783 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-4071-4 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS6BF UT WOS:000344349200052 PM 25331035 ER PT J AU Seifert-Monson, LR Hill, BH Kolka, RK Jicha, TM Lehto, LL Elonen, CM AF Seifert-Monson, L. R. Hill, B. H. Kolka, R. K. Jicha, T. M. Lehto, L. L. Elonen, C. M. TI Effects of sulfate deposition on pore water dissolved organic carbon, nutrients, and microbial enzyme activities in a northern peatland SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric deposition; Dissolved organic carbon; Peatland; Phosphorus; Microbial enzyme activity ID RIVERINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; SURFACE WATERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOILS; EXPORT; EUTROPHICATION; STOICHIOMETRY; DECOMPOSITION; SUBSTANCES; ECOSYSTEMS AB Export of dissolved organic carbon from lakes and streams has increased throughout Europe and North America over the past several decades. One possible cause is altered deposition chemistry; specifically, decreasing sulfate inputs leading to changes in ionic strength and dissolved organic carbon solubility. To further investigate the relationship between deposition chemistry and dissolved organic carbon export in peatlands, a field experiment was conducted to compare the pore water chemistry and peat microbial enzyme activity of mesocosms receiving sulfate amendments to mesocosms receiving no additions. To consider how peatlands respond during recovery from increased inputs of sulfate, samples were also analyzed from an area of the same peatland that was previously amended with sulfate. Current additions of sulfate decreased dissolved organic carbon concentration and increased dissolved organic carbon aromaticity. Total dissolved phosphorus decreased in response to current sulfate amendments but was elevated in the area of the peatland recovering from sulfate amendment. The total dissolved phosphorus increase, which was reflected in microbial enzyme activity, may have shifted the system from P limitation to N limitation. This shift could have important consequences for ecosystem processes related to plant and microbial communities. It also suggests that the recovery from previous sulfate amendments may take longer than may be expected. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Seifert-Monson, L. R.] Univ Minnesota, Integrated Biosci Grad Program, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Hill, B. H.; Jicha, T. M.; Lehto, L. L.; Elonen, C. M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55894 USA. [Kolka, R. K.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Ctr Res Ecosyst Change, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Seifert-Monson, LR (reprint author), 1411 North Rd, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. EM seif0073@d.umn.edu FU University of Minnesota-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative training partnership [CR83492801] FX The authors would like to thank researchers at the Northern Research Station of the USDA Forest service, including Deacon Kyllander, Carrie Dorrance and Dr. Stephen Sebestyen, who provided general assistance, watershed data, and information on trends of dissolved organic matter export. Thanks to Dr. John Pastor and Dr. Josef Werne for advice on study design and previous versions of this manuscript. This research was funded through the University of Minnesota-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative training partnership (CR83492801). NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 79 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.09.007 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AS7HX UT WOS:000344428600012 ER PT J AU Garcia-Alonso, M Hendley, P Bigler, F Mayeregger, E Parker, R Rubinstein, C Satorre, E Solari, F McLean, M AF Garcia-Alonso, Monica Hendley, Paul Bigler, Franz Mayeregger, Edgar Parker, Ronald Rubinstein, Clara Satorre, Emilio Solari, Fernando McLean, Morven A. TI Transportability of confined field trial data for environmental risk assessment of genetically engineered plants: a conceptual framework SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Genetically engineered plant; Confined field trial; Regulatory framework; Transportability; Agro-climatic zone ID TRANSGENIC CROPS; YIELD; MANAGEMENT; WORLD AB It is commonly held that confined field trials (CFTs) used to evaluate the potential adverse environmental impacts of a genetically engineered (GE) plant should be conducted in each country where cultivation is intended, even when relevant and potentially sufficient data are already available from studies conducted elsewhere. The acceptance of data generated in CFTs "out of country" can only be realized in practice if the agro-climatic zone where a CFT is conducted is demonstrably representative of the agro-climatic zones in those geographies to which the data will be transported. In an attempt to elaborate this idea, a multi-disciplinary Working Group of scientists collaborated to develop a conceptual framework and associated process that can be used by the regulated and regulatory communities to support transportability of CFT data for environmental risk assessment (ERA). As proposed here, application of the conceptual framework provides a scientifically defensible process for evaluating if existing CFT data from remote sites are relevant and/or sufficient for local ERAs. Additionally, it promotes a strategic approach to identifying CFT site locations so that field data will be transportable from one regulatory jurisdiction to another. Application of the framework and process should be particularly beneficial to public sector product developers and small enterprises that develop innovative GE events but cannot afford to replicate redundant CFTs, and to regulatory authorities seeking to improve the deployment of limited institutional resources. C1 [Garcia-Alonso, Monica] Estel Consult Ltd, Binfield RG42 4HG, Berks, England. [Hendley, Paul] Phasera Ltd, Bracknell RG12 2JJ, Berks, England. [Bigler, Franz] Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. [Mayeregger, Edgar] Minist Agr, Unidad Gest Riesgo, Asuncion, Paraguay. [Parker, Ronald] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Environm Fate & Effects Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Rubinstein, Clara] ILSI Argentina, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Satorre, Emilio] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron & Vet, Catedra Cerealicultura, IFEVA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Solari, Fernando] Monsanto Argentina SAIC, Estn Expt Fontezuela, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [McLean, Morven A.] ILSI Res Fdn, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP McLean, M (reprint author), ILSI Res Fdn, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment, 1156 Fifteenth St NW,Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM mmclean@ilsi.org FU United States Department of Agriculture Emerging Markets Program FX Funding in support of this project was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture Emerging Markets Program Grant 2010-2040. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 EI 1573-9368 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1025 EP 1041 DI 10.1007/s11248-014-9785-0 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA AS3EH UT WOS:000344158800011 PM 24733670 ER PT J AU Conmy, RN AF Conmy, Robyn N. TI Robyn N. Conmy SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Conmy, Robyn N.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Conmy, RN (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM conmy.robyn@epa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V44BO UT WOS:000209724700048 ER PT J AU Bradman, A Castorina, R Gaspar, F Nishioka, M Colon, M Weathers, W Egeghy, PP Maddalena, R Williams, J Jenkins, PL McKone, TE AF Bradman, Asa Castorina, Rosemary Gaspar, Fraser Nishioka, Marcia Colon, Maribel Weathers, Walter Egeghy, Peter P. Maddalena, Randy Williams, Jeffery Jenkins, Peggy L. McKone, Thomas E. TI Flame retardant exposures in California early childhood education environments SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Child care; Children; Exposure; Flame retardant; PBDEs ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; IN-HOUSE DUST; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; HORMONE DISRUPTION; THYROID-HORMONE; PHASE-OUT; PBDES; ASSOCIATIONS; PRODUCTS; SAMPLES AB Infants and young children spend as much as 50 h per week in child care and preschool. Although approximately 13 million children, or 65% of all U.S. children, spend some time each day in early childhood education (ECE) facilities, little information is available about environmental exposures in these environments. We measured flame retardants in air and dust collected from 40 California ECE facilities between May 2010 and May 2011. Low levels of six polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners and four non-PBDE flame retardants were present in air, including two constituents of Firemaster 550 and two tris phosphate compounds [tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris (1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP)]. Tris phosphate, Firemaster 550 and PBDE compounds were detected in 100% of the dust samples. BDE47, BDE99, and BDE209 comprised the majority of the PBDE mass measured in dust. The median concentrations of TCEP (319 ng g(-1)) and TDCIPP (2265 ng g(-1)) were similar to or higher than any PBDE congener. Levels of TCEP and TDCIPP in dust were significantly higher in facilities with napping equipment made out of foam (Mann Whitney p-values < 0.05). Child BDE99 dose estimates exceeded the RID in one facility for children < 3 years old. In 51% of facilities, TDCIPP dose estimates for children < 6 years old exceeded age-specific "No Significant Risk Levels (NSRLs)" based on California Proposition 65 guidelines for carcinogens. Given the overriding interest in providing safe and healthy environments for young children, additional research is needed to identify strategies to reduce indoor sources of flame retardant chemicals. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bradman, Asa; Castorina, Rosemary; Gaspar, Fraser; McKone, Thomas E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Environm Res & Childrens Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. [Nishioka, Marcia] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Colon, Maribel; Weathers, Walter; Egeghy, Peter P.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Maddalena, Randy; McKone, Thomas E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Williams, Jeffery; Jenkins, Peggy L.] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Bradman, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Environm Res & Childrens Hlth, 1995 Univ Ave,Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. EM abradman@berkeley.edu OI Gaspar, Fraser/0000-0002-0782-5721 FU California Air Resources Board (ARB) [08-305] FX This research was funded by the California Air Resources Board (ARB Contract No. 08-305). This work does not necessarily reflect the opinion or official policy of the ARB. Although this work was reviewed by U.S. EPA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect the opinion or official policy of the U.S. EPA. Co-author Walter Weathers has recently retired from the U.S. EPA. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 61 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 2014 VL 116 SI SI BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.072 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR5KH UT WOS:000343623200010 PM 24835158 ER PT J AU Davis, EL AF Davis, Eva L. TI Discussion of Paper SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74821 USA. RP Davis, EL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74821 USA. EM Davis.Eva@epa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1069-3629 EI 1745-6592 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2014 VL 34 IS 1 BP 27 EP 28 DI 10.1111/gwmr.12043 PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AB2IU UT WOS:000331617200017 ER PT J AU Loperfido, JV Noe, GB Jarnagin, ST Hogan, DM AF Loperfido, J. V. Noe, Gregory B. Jarnagin, S. Taylor Hogan, Dianna M. TI Effects of distributed and centralized stormwater best management practices and land cover on urban stream hydrology at the catchment scale SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stormwater best management practices; Low impact development; Distributed treatment systems; Urban hydrology; Land cover; Chesapeake Bay ID LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT; WATER MANAGEMENT; INFILTRATION; BASEFLOW; RUNOFF; PERFORMANCE AB Urban stormwater runoff remains an important issue that causes local and regional-scale water quantity and quality issues. Stormwater best management practices (BMPs) have been widely used to mitigate runoff issues, traditionally in a centralized manner; however, problems associated with urban hydrology have remained. An emerging trend is implementation of BMPs in a distributed manner (multi-BMP treatment trains located on the landscape and integrated with urban design), but little catchment-scale performance of these systems have been reported to date. Here, stream hydrologic data (March, 2011September, 2012) are evaluated in four catchments located in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: one utilizing distributed stormwater BMPs, two utilizing centralized stormwater BMPs, and a forested catchment serving as a reference. Among urban catchments with similar land cover, geology and BMP design standards (i.e. 100-year event), but contrasting placement of stormwater BMPs, distributed BMPs resulted in: significantly greater estimated baseflow, a higher minimum precipitation threshold for stream response and maximum discharge increases, better maximum discharge control for small precipitation events, and reduced runoff volume during an extreme (1000-year) precipitation event compared to centralized BMPs. For all catchments, greater forest land cover and less impervious cover appeared to be more important drivers than stormwater BMP spatial pattern, and caused lower total, stormflow, and baseflow runoff volume; lower maximum discharge during typical precipitation events; and lower runoff volume during an extreme precipitation event. Analysis of hydrologic field data in this study suggests that both the spatial distribution of stormwater BMPs and land cover are important for management of urban stormwater runoff. In particular, catchment-wide application of distributed BMPs improved stream hydrology compared to centralized BMPs, but not enough to fully replicate forested catchment stream hydrology. Integrated planning of stormwater management, protected riparian buffers and forest land cover with suburban development in the distributed-BMP catchment enabled multi-purpose use of land that provided esthetic value and green-space, community gathering points, and wildlife habitat in addition to hydrologic stormwater treatment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Loperfido, J. V.; Hogan, Dianna M.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Jarnagin, S. Taylor] US Environm Protect Agcy, ORD NERL ESD, Landscape Ecol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Loperfido, JV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 521 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jloperfido@usgs.gov; gnoe@usgs.gov; jarnagin.taylor@epa.gov; dhogan@usgs.gov OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); United States Environmental Protection Agency [DW14921533, DW14921811, DW14922385]; Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection; Fairfax County, VA FX This work was supported by the following U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Programs: Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program, Land Change Science, Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem Studies, and the National Research Program. The authors appreciate contributions from Keith Van Ness (Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection); Annette Hall, Daniel K. Jones, and Brianna Hammond (USGS Eastern Geographic Science Center); John Jastram and Ken Hyer (USGS Virginia Water Science Center); Ed Doheny and Matt Baker (USGS Maryland-DelawareD.C. Water Science Center); Barry Croke for hydrologic discussions; and reviews from Bill Selbig, T.A. Endreny, and anonymous reviewers. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. The manuscript has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. The streamflow data referenced in this document have been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under assistance agreements DW14921533, DW14921811, and DW14922385 to the U.S. Geological Survey, Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection, and Fairfax County, VA. NR 45 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 20 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 SI SI BP 2584 EP 2595 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.007 PN C PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5ED UT WOS:000347595000019 ER PT J AU Jiang, Y Frankenberger, JR Bowling, LC Sun, ZN AF Jiang, Yan Frankenberger, Jane R. Bowling, Laura C. Sun, Zhaonan TI Quantification of uncertainty in estimated nitrate-N loads in agricultural watersheds SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitrate-N load; Measurement uncertainty; Load calculation uncertainty; Error propagation ID ARTIFICIALLY DRAINED CATCHMENTS; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; RIVER DISCHARGE; NUTRIENT INPUTS; RATING CURVE; QUALITY DATA; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; ALGORITHMS; STRATEGIES AB Estimation of annual nutrient loads is critical for many applications in water quality management; however, measurement errors and infrequent monitoring could raise considerable uncertainty in the load estimations. The objectives of this study were to quantify the overall uncertainty in annual nitrate-N load estimates. Nitrate was selected as the study object because of the high loads common in Midwestern streams, and its important influence on hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. A standard error propagation method was used to quantify the uncertainty from both measurement and load calculation processes to evaluate the accumulative effect. The measurement uncertainty was assessed based on standard information; the load calculation uncertainty was evaluated through numerical simulation. The study found that uncertainty in annual nitrate-N load estimates for a 30-day sampling frequency, expressed as coefficient of variation (CV), was 14-34%. This included measurement (flow and concentration) uncertainty of 12% and load calculation uncertainty of 7-32%. These results can be used to evaluate different uncertainty sources, estimate uncertainty for similar watersheds, and design sampling programs balancing cost and accuracy. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiang, Yan] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Frankenberger, Jane R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bowling, Laura C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Sun, Zhaonan] Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Jiang, Y (reprint author), US EPA, 944 Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM enaj1125@gmail.com RI Bowling, Laura/B-6963-2013 OI Bowling, Laura/0000-0002-1439-3154 NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 106 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.06.027 PN A PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BY UT WOS:000347589500009 ER PT J AU Hathaway, JM Brown, RA Fu, JS Hunt, WF AF Hathaway, J. M. Brown, R. A. Fu, J. S. Hunt, W. F. TI Bioretention function under climate change scenarios in North Carolina, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioretention; Biofilter; Hydrology; Climate change; Water balance; DRAINMOD ID PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; POLLUTANT REMOVAL; IMPACTS; PERFORMANCE; DRAINAGE; STORMWATER; HYDROLOGY; WATER; MITIGATION; SYSTEMS AB The effect of climate change on stormwater controls is largely unknown. Evaluating such effects is important for understanding how well resiliency can be built into urban watersheds by implementing these systems. Bioretention areas with varied media depths, in situ soil types, drainage configurations, and surface infiltration capabilities have previously been monitored, modelled, and calibrated using the continuous simulation model, DRAINMOD. In this study, data from downscaled climate projections for 2055 through 2058 were utilized in these models to evaluate changes in system hydrologic function under two climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5). The results were compared to those generated using a "Base" scenario of observed data from 2001 to 2004. The results showed a modest change in the overall water balance of the system. In particular, the frequency and magnitude of overflow from the systems substantially increased under the climate change scenarios. As this represents an increase in the amount of uncontrolled, untreated runoff from the contributing watersheds, it is of particular concern. Further modelling showed that between 9.0 and 31.0 cm of additional storage would be required under the climate change scenarios to restrict annual overflow to that of the base scenario. Bioretention surface storage volume and infiltration rate appeared important in determining a system's ability to cope with increased yearly rainfall and higher rainfall magnitudes. As climate change effects vary based on location, similar studies should be performed in other locations to determine localized effects on stormwater controls. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hathaway, J. M.; Fu, J. S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Brown, R. A.] US EPA, Edison, NJ USA. [Hunt, W. F.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hathaway, JM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hathaway@utk.edu NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.037 PN A PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BY UT WOS:000347589500041 ER PT J AU Guber, AK Pachepsky, YA Yakirevich, AM Shelton, DR Whelan, G Goodrich, DC Unkrich, CL AF Guber, A. K. Pachepsky, Y. A. Yakirevich, A. M. Shelton, D. R. Whelan, G. Goodrich, D. C. Unkrich, C. L. TI Modeling runoff and microbial overland transport with KINEROS2/STWIR model: Accuracy and uncertainty as affected by source of infiltration parameters SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacteria; Runoff; Uncertainty; Modeling; Infiltration parameters ID SOIL-WATER RETENTION; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; COLIFORM BACTERIA; BROOKS-COREY; BULK-DENSITY; FLOW; SCALE AB Infiltration is important to modeling the overland transport of microorganisms in environmental waters. In watershed- and hillslope scale-models, infiltration is commonly described by simple equations relating infiltration rate to soil saturated conductivity and by empirical parameters defining changes in infiltration rate with soil water content. For the microbial transport model KINEROS2/STWIR used in this study, infiltration in unsaturated soil is accounted for by a net capillary drive parameter, G, in the Parlange equation. Scarce experimental data and multiple approaches for estimating parameter G introduce uncertainty, reducing reliability of overland water flow and microbial transport models. Our objectives were to evaluate reliability and robustness of three methods to estimate parameter G and associated accuracy and uncertainty in predicting runoff and fecal coliform (FC) transport. These methods include (i) KINEROS2 fitting to the experimental cumulative runoff data; (ii) estimating solely on soil texture; and (iii) estimating by individual pedotransfer functions (PTFs) and an ensemble of PTFs from basic soil properties. Results show that the most accurate prediction was obtained when the G parameter was fitted to the cumulative runoff. The KINEROS2-recommended parameter slightly overestimated the calibrated value of parameter G and yielded less accurate predictions of runoff, FC concentrations and total FC. The PTFs-estimated parameters systematically deviated from calibrated G values that caused high uncertainty in the KINEROS2/STWIR predictions. Averaging PTF estimates considerably improved model accuracy, reducing the uncertainty of runoff and FC concentration predictions. Overall, ensemble-based PTF estimation of the capillary drive can be efficient for simulations of runoff and bacteria overland transport when a single effective value is used across the study area. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guber, A. K.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pachepsky, Y. A.; Shelton, D. R.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yakirevich, A. M.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Zuckerberg Inst Water Res, J Blaustein Inst Desert Res, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. [Whelan, G.] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Goodrich, D. C.; Unkrich, C. L.] USDA ARS, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Guber, AK (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, 1066 Bogue St,Room 584D, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM Akguber@msu.edu; yakov.pachepsky@ars.usda.gov; alexy@bgu.ac.il; whelan.gene@epa.gov; dave.goodrich@ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 72 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 644 EP 655 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.08.005 PN A PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BY UT WOS:000347589500053 ER PT J AU Wang, DJ Su, CM Zhang, W Hao, XZ Cang, L Wang, YJ Zhou, DM AF Wang, Dengjun Su, Chunming Zhang, Wei Hao, Xiuzhen Cang, Long Wang, Yujun Zhou, Dongmei TI Laboratory assessment of the mobility of water-dispersed engineered nanoparticles in a red soil (Ultisol) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Engineered nanoparticle; Red soil; Ultisol; Transport; Modeling; Porous media ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; LABELED HYDROXYAPATITE NANOPARTICLES; STABILIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; COLLOID TRANSPORT; NATURAL SOILS; FULLERENE NANOPARTICLES; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; SURFACE-CHARGE AB Soils are major sinks of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) as results of land applications of sewage sludge, accidental spills, or deliberate applications of ENPs (e.g., nano-pesticides). In this study, the transport behaviors of four widely used ENPs (i.e., titanium dioxide [TiO2], buckminsterfullerene [C-60], single-walled carbon nanotube [SWNT], and elemental silver [Ag-0]) were investigated in water-saturated columns packed with either a quartz sand, a red soil (Ultisol), or sand/soil mixtures with soil mass fraction (lambda) from 0% to 100% at slightly acidic solution pH (4.0-5.0). The mobility of tested ENPs decreased significantly with increasing lambda, which was attributed to increased surface area and/or retention sites imparted by iron oxides, clay minerals, and organic matter in the red soil. Breakthrough curves of all ENPs exhibited blocking effects (decreasing deposition rate over time) and were well-described using an unfavorable and favorable, two-site kinetic attachment model accounting for random sequential adsorption on the favorable site. Modeled maximum retention capacity and first-order attachment rate coefficient on the favorable site both increased linearly with increasing lambda, suggesting that transport parameters of ENPs in natural soils may be accurately extrapolated from transport parameters in the sand/soil mixtures. In addition, the mobility of three negatively charged ENPs (C-60, SWNT, and Ag-0 NPs) was reversely correlated with their average hydrodynamic diameters, highlighting that the average hydrodynamic diameter of negatively charged ENPs is the dominant physicochemical characteristics controlling their mobility in the Ultisol. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Dengjun; Hao, Xiuzhen; Cang, Long; Wang, Yujun; Zhou, Dongmei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Key Lab Soil Environm & Pollut Remediat, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Su, Chunming] US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Zhang, Wei] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, Environm Sci & Policy Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wang, Dengjun] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, DM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Key Lab Soil Environm & Pollut Remediat, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. EM dmzhou@issas.ac.cn RI Wang, Yujun/C-6962-2013; Cang, Long/D-1155-2015; OI Wang, Yujun/0000-0002-0921-0122; Zhang, Wei/0000-0002-2937-1732 FU National Basic Research and Development Program of China [2013CB934303]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41125007]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Program [MICL02248] FX This research was supported by National Basic Research and Development Program of China (2013CB934303), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41125007), and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Program (MICL02248). This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of USEPA, USDA and other funding agencies, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The authors thank Dr. Xinhua Peng at our Institute for assistance with measurements of the BET specific surface area and pore size of the red soil. Comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers and Editors (Dr. Laurent Charlet and Dr. Eddy Yongping Zeng) helped us improve an earlier version of this paper. NR 78 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 106 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 1677 EP 1687 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.053 PN B PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AX6FH UT WOS:000347018100036 ER PT J AU Ziegler, AD Benner, SG Tantasirin, C Wood, SH Sutherland, RA Sidle, RC Jachowski, N Nullet, MA Xi, LX Snidvongs, A Giambelluca, TW Fox, JM AF Ziegler, Alan D. Benner, Shawn G. Tantasirin, Chatchai Wood, Spencer H. Sutherland, Ross A. Sidle, Roy C. Jachowski, Nicholas Nullet, Mike A. Xi, Lu Xi Snidvongs, Anond Giambelluca, Thomas W. Fox, Jefferson M. TI Turbidity-based sediment monitoring in northern Thailand: Hysteresis, variability, and uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Soil erosion in the tropics; Stream sediment dynamics; Catchment management; Southeast Asia; Landslides ID MAINLAND SOUTHEAST-ASIA; TOTAL SUSPENDED-SOLIDS; HORTON OVERLAND-FLOW; RIVER-BASIN; LAND-USE; UPLAND CATCHMENTS; WATER MANAGEMENT; MOUNTAIN ROADS; RATING CURVES; SOURCE AREAS AB Annual total suspended solid (TSS) loads in the Mae Sa Catchment in northern Thailand, determined with an automated, turbidity-based monitoring approach, were approximately 62,000, 33,000, and 14,000 Mg during the three years of observation. These loads were equivalent to basin yields of 839 (603-1170), 445 (217-462), and 192 (108-222) Mg km(-2) for the 74.16-km(2) catchment during 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively. The yearly uncertainty ranges indicate our loads may be underestimated by 38-43% or overestimated by 28-33%. In determining the annual loads, discharge (Q) and turbidity (T) values were compared against 333 hand-sampled total suspended solid concentrations (TSS) measured during 18 runoff events and other flow conditions across the three-year period. Annual rainfall varied from 1632 to 1934 mm; and catchment runoff coefficients (annual runoff/annual rainfall) ranged from 0.25 to 0.41. Measured TSS ranged from 8 to 15,900 mg l(-1); the low value was associated with dry-season base flow; the latter, a wet-season storm. Storm size and location played an important role in producing clockwise, anticlockwise, and complex hysteresis in the Q-TSS relationship. Turbidity alone was a good estimator for turbidity ranges of roughly 10-2800 NTU (or concentrations approximately 25-4000 mg l(-1)). However, owing to hysteresis and high sediment concentrations that surpass the detection limits of the turbidity sensor during many annual storms, TSS was estimated best using a complex multiple regression equation based on high/low ranges of turbidity and Q as independent variables. Turbidity was not a good predictor of TSS fractions >2000 mu m. Hysteresis in the monthly Q-TSS relationship was generally clockwise over the course of the monsoon season, but infrequent large dry-season storms disrupted the pattern in some years. The large decrease in annual loads during the study was believed to be related to depletion of fine sediment delivered to the stream by several landslides occurring the year prior to the study. The study indicated the importance of monitoring Q and turbidity at fine resolutions (e.g., sub-hourly) to capture the TSS dynamics and to make accurate load estimations in this flashy headwater stream where hysteresis in the Q-TSS signature varied at several time scales. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ziegler, Alan D.; Jachowski, Nicholas; Xi, Lu Xi] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog, Singapore 117568, Singapore. [Benner, Shawn G.; Wood, Spencer H.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Tantasirin, Chatchai] Kasetsart Univ, Dept Conservat, Bangkok, Thailand. [Sutherland, Ross A.; Nullet, Mike A.; Giambelluca, Thomas W.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sidle, Roy C.] US EPA, Athens, GA USA. [Snidvongs, Anond] START Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand. [Snidvongs, Anond] Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok, Thailand. [Giambelluca, Thomas W.] Nagoya Univ, Hydrospher Atmospher Res Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Fox, Jefferson M.] East West Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Ziegler, AD (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog, 1 Arts Link Kent Ridge,AS02-04021, Singapore 117568, Singapore. EM geoadz@nus.edu.sg RI Benner, Shawn/A-2557-2012; OI Benner, Shawn/0000-0003-4024-5777; Giambelluca, Thomas/0000-0002-6798-3780 FU SARCS [95/01/CW-005]; APN [ARCP2006-06NMY, ARCP2007-01CMY]; NASA [NNG04GH59G]; NUS [R-109-000-092-133, R-109-000-134-112] FX This project was supported by SARCS grant 95/01/CW-005; APN grants ARCP2006-06NMY, ARCP2007-01CMY & ARCP2007-01CMY; NASA grant NNG04GH59G, and NUS grants R-109-000-092-133 and R-109-000-134-112. A special thanks is given to Ms. Wimonmat Nuipakdee (Department of National Park, Wildlife and Plants Conservation, Thailand) for providing access to the research site. This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 106 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 2020 EP 2039 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.010 PN B PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AX6FH UT WOS:000347018100065 ER PT J AU Hand, JL Schichtel, BA Malm, WC Pitchford, M Frank, NH AF Hand, J. L. Schichtel, B. A. Malm, W. C. Pitchford, M. Frank, N. H. TI Spatial and seasonal patterns in urban influence on regional concentrations of speciated aerosols across the United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; LONG-TERM NETWORKS; NEW-YORK-CITY; ORGANIC-CARBON; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; AIR-QUALITY; SAMPLING ARTIFACTS; TRENDS NETWORK; PM2.5 EPISODES; PART 1 AB Monthly, seasonal, and annual mean estimates of urban influence on regional concentrations of major aerosol species were computed using speciated aerosol data from the rural IMPROVE network (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency's urban Chemical Speciation Network for the 2008 through 2011 period. Aggregated for sites across the continental United States, the annual mean and one standard error in urban excess (defined as the ratio of urban to nearby rural concentrations) was highest for elemental carbon (3.3 +/- 0.2), followed by ammonium nitrate (2.5 +/- 0.2), particulate organic matter (1.78 +/- 0.08), and ammonium sulfate (1.23 +/- 0.03). The seasonal variability in urban excess was significant for carbonaceous aerosols and ammonium nitrate in the West, in contrast to the low seasonal variability in the urban influence of ammonium sulfate. Generally for all species, higher excess values in the West were associated with localized urban sources while in the East excess was more regional in extent. In addition, higher excess values in the western United States in winter were likely influenced not only by differences in sources but also by combined meteorological and topographic effects. This work has implications for understanding the spatial heterogeneity of major aerosol species near the interface of urban and rural regions and therefore for designing appropriate air quality management strategies. In addition, the spatial patterns in speciated mass concentrations provide constraints for regional and global models. C1 [Hand, J. L.; Malm, W. C.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schichtel, B. A.] Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Lakewood, CO USA. [Pitchford, M.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Frank, N. H.] US EPA, Air Qual Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hand, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jlhand@colostate.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Park Service [H2370094000] FX IMPROVE and CSN data are available for download (http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve and http://views.cira.colostate.edu/fed, respectively). Derived results are available from the authors. IMPROVE is a collaborative association of state, tribal, and federal agencies, and international partners. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is the primary funding source, with contracting and research support from the National Park Service. The Air Quality Group at the University of California, Davis, is the central analytical laboratory, with ion analysis provided by Research Triangle Institute and carbon analysis provided by Desert Research Institute. This work was funded by the National Park Service under contract H2370094000. The assumptions, findings, conclusions, judgments, and views presented herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the National Park Service policies. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 22 BP 12832 EP 12849 DI 10.1002/2014JD022328 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5YA UT WOS:000346345600024 ER PT J AU Kim, YH Boykin, E Stevens, T Lavrich, K Gilmour, MI AF Kim, Yong Ho Boykin, Elizabeth Stevens, Tina Lavrich, Katelyn Gilmour, M. Ian TI Comparative lung toxicity of engineered nanomaterials utilizing in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo approaches SO JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Engineered nanomaterials; Lung toxicity; Alternative toxicity testing ID CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; PULMONARY INFLAMMATION; HAZARD IDENTIFICATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ZINC-OXIDE; DOSIMETRY; EXPOSURE AB Background: Although engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are currently regulated either in the context of a new chemical, or as a new use of an existing chemical, hazard assessment is still to a large extent reliant on information from historical toxicity studies of the parent compound, and may not take into account special properties related to the small size and high surface area of ENM. While it is important to properly screen and predict the potential toxicity of ENM, there is also concern that current toxicity tests will require even heavier use of experimental animals, and reliable alternatives should be developed and validated. Here we assessed the comparative respiratory toxicity of ENM in three different methods which employed in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo toxicity testing approaches. Methods: Toxicity of five ENM (SiO2 (10), CeO2 (23), CeO2 (88), TiO2 (10), and TiO2 (200); parentheses indicate average ENM diameter in nm) were tested in this study. CD-1 mice were exposed to the ENM by oropharyngeal aspiration at a dose of 100 mu g. Mouse lung tissue slices and alveolar macrophages were also exposed to the ENM at concentrations of 22-132 and 3.1-100 mu g/mL, respectively. Biomarkers of lung injury and inflammation were assessed at 4 and/or 24 hr post-exposure. Results: Small-sized ENM (SiO2 (10), CeO2 (23), but not TiO2 (10)) significantly elicited pro-inflammatory responses in mice (in vivo), suggesting that the observed toxicity in the lungs was dependent on size and chemical composition. Similarly, SiO2 (10) and/or CeO2 (23) were also more toxic in the lung tissue slices (ex vivo) and alveolar macrophages (in vitro) compared to other ENM. A similar pattern of inflammatory response (e. g., interleukin-6) was observed in both ex vivo and in vitro when a dose metric based on cell surface area (mu g/cm(2)), but not culture medium volume (mu g/mL) was employed. Conclusion: Exposure to ENM induced acute lung inflammatory effects in a size- and chemical composition-dependent manner. The cell culture and lung slice techniques provided similar profiles of effect and help bridge the gap in our understanding of in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro toxicity outcomes. C1 [Kim, Yong Ho; Lavrich, Katelyn] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Boykin, Elizabeth; Gilmour, M. Ian] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Stevens, Tina] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk Div, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gilmour, MI (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilmour.ian@epa.gov FU EPA-UNC Toxicology Training Agreement [CR-83515201-0]; Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill FX We thank Debora Andrews, Judy Richards, and Richard Jaskot for technical assistance in toxicologic analyses and Drs. Kevin Dreher and James Samet for their review of this manuscript. The project was supported by grant from the EPA-UNC Toxicology Training Agreement (CR-83515201-0), with the Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This paper has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that contents necessarily reflect the views and polices of Agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1477-3155 J9 J NANOBIOTECHNOL JI J. Nanobiotechnol. PD NOV 26 PY 2014 VL 12 AR 47 DI 10.1186/s12951-014-0047-3 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AW7HK UT WOS:000346435100001 PM 25424549 ER PT J AU Arnold, KE Brown, AR Ankley, GT Sumpter, JP AF Arnold, Kathryn E. Brown, A. Ross Ankley, Gerald T. Sumpter, John P. TI Medicating the environment: assessing risks of pharmaceuticals to wildlife and ecosystems SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE pharmaceuticals; ecotoxicology; sewage; population ecology; contaminants; environmental risk assessment ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FATHEAD MINNOWS; GYPS VULTURES; FISH; EXPOSURE; ANTIDEPRESSANTS; DICLOFENAC; FLUOXETINE AB Global pharmaceutical consumption is rising with the growing and ageing human population and more intensive food production. Recent studies have revealed pharmaceutical residues in a wide range of ecosystems and organisms. Environmental concentrations are often low, but pharmaceuticals typically are designed to have biological effects at low doses, acting on physiological systems that can be evolutionarily conserved across taxa. This Theme Issue introduces the latest research investigating the risks of environmentally relevant concentrations of pharmaceuticals to vertebrate wildlife. We take a holistic, global view of environmental exposure to pharmaceuticals encompassing terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems in high- and low-income countries. Based on both field and laboratory data, the evidence for and relevance of changes to physiology and behaviour, in addition to mortality and reproductive effects, are examined in terms of the population- and community-level consequences of pharmaceutical exposure on wildlife. Studies on uptake, trophic transfer and indirect effects of pharmaceuticals acting via food webs are presented. Given the logistical and ethical complexities of research in this area, several papers focus on techniques for prioritizing which compounds are most likely to harm wildlife and how modelling approaches can make predictions about the bioavailability, metabolism and toxicity of pharmaceuticals in non-target species. This Theme Issue aims to help clarify the uncertainties, highlight opportunities and inform ongoing scientific and policy debates on the impacts of pharmaceuticals in the environment. C1 [Arnold, Kathryn E.] Univ York, Dept Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Brown, A. Ross] AstraZeneca Safety, Hlth & Environm, Brixham Environm Lab, Brixham, Devon, England. [Brown, A. Ross] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Sumpter, John P.] Brunel Univ, Inst Environm, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. RP Arnold, KE (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. EM kathryn.arnold@york.ac.uk RI PRAZERES, KELLY/O-7715-2015; Arnold, Kathryn/F-8683-2016 OI Arnold, Kathryn/0000-0002-6485-6065 NR 92 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 23 U2 182 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 19 PY 2014 VL 369 IS 1656 AR 20130569 DI 10.1098/rstb.2013.0569 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AQ8VK UT WOS:000343114500001 ER PT J AU LaLone, CA Berninger, JP Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT AF LaLone, Carlie A. Berninger, Jason P. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Ankley, Gerald T. TI Leveraging existing data for prioritization of the ecological risks of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals to aquatic organisms SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE pharmacokinetics; SeqAPASS; adverse outcome pathway; read-across; molecular target conservation ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; DOPAMINE-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; TERM REPRODUCTION ASSAY; MALE FATHEAD MINNOWS; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; JAPANESE MEDAKA; OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; CURRENT PERSPECTIVES; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Medicinal innovation has led to the discovery and use of thousands of human and veterinary drugs. With this comes the potential for unintended effects on non-target organisms exposed to pharmaceuticals inevitably entering the environment. The impracticality of generating whole-organism chronic toxicity data representative of all species in the environment has necessitated prioritization of drugs for focused empirical testing as well as field monitoring. Current prioritization strategies typically emphasize likelihood for exposure (i.e. predicted/measured environmental concentrations), while incorporating only rather limited consideration of potential effects of the drug to non-target organisms. However, substantial mammalian pharmacokinetic and mechanism/mode of action (MOA) data are produced during drug development to understand drug target specificity and efficacy for intended consumers. An integrated prioritization strategy for assessing risks of human and veterinary drugs would leverage available pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic data for evaluation of the potential for adverse effects to non-target organisms. In this reiview, we demonstrate the utility of read-across approaches to leverage mammalian absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination data; analyse cross-species molecular target conservation and translate therapeutic MOA to an adverse outcome pathway(s) relevant to aquatic organisms as a means to inform prioritization of drugs for focused toxicity testing and environmental monitoring. C1 [LaLone, Carlie A.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Food Agr & Nat Resource Sci, Water Resources Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [LaLone, Carlie A.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Berninger, Jason P.] CNR, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP LaLone, CA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Food Agr & Nat Resource Sci, Water Resources Ctr, 1985 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM lalone.carlie@epa.gov RI Berninger, Jason/O-2401-2016 OI Berninger, Jason/0000-0003-3045-7899 NR 92 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 38 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 19 PY 2014 VL 369 IS 1656 AR 20140022 DI 10.1098/rstb.2014.0022 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AQ8VK UT WOS:000343114500017 ER PT J AU Phillips, MB Yoon, MY Young, B Tan, YM AF Phillips, Martin B. Yoon, Miyoung Young, Bruce Tan, Yu-Mei TI Analysis of biomarker utility using a PBPK/PD model for carbaryl SO FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbaryl; PBPK; biomarkers; biomarkers of exposure; biomarkers of effect; computational toxicology ID EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; BIOMONITORING DATA; SUPPORT EXPOSURE; SENSITIVITY; PESTICIDES; HUMANS AB There are many types of biomarkers; the two common ones are biomarkers of exposure and biomarkers of effect. The utility of a biomarker for estimating exposures or predicting risks depends on the strength of the correlation between biomarker concentrations and exposure/effects. In the current study, a combined exposure and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model of carbaryl was used to demonstrate the use of computational modeling for providing insight into the selection of biomarkers for different purposes. The Cumulative and Aggregate Risk Evaluation System (CARES) was used to generate exposure profiles, including magnitude and timing, for use as inputs to the PBPK/PD model. The PBPK/PD model was then used to predict blood concentrations of carbaryl and urine concentrations of its principal metabolite, 1-naphthol (1-N), as biomarkers of exposure. The PBPK/PD model also predicted acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition in red blood cells (RBC) as a biomarker of effect. The correlations of these simulated biomarker concentrations with intake doses or brain AChE inhibition (as a surrogate of effects) were analyzed using a linear regression model. Results showed that 1-N in urine is a better biomarker of exposure than carbaryl in blood, and that 1-N in urine is correlated with the dose averaged over the last 2 days of the simulation. They also showed that RBC AChE inhibition is an appropriate biomarker of effect. This computational approach can be applied to a wide variety of chemicals to facilitate quantitative analysis of biomarker utility. C1 [Phillips, Martin B.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Duluth, MN USA. [Yoon, Miyoung] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Inst Chem Safety Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Young, Bruce] Bayer CropSci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Tan, Yu-Mei] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Tan, YM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Code E205-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM tan.cecilia@epa.gov OI Phillips, Martin/0000-0002-6282-529X; Yoon, Miyoung/0000-0002-3653-3488 FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) FX Dr. Martin Phillips was funded by a post-doctoral fellowship through the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1663-9812 J9 FRONT PHARMACOL JI Front. Pharmacol. PD NOV 18 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 246 DI 10.3389/fphar.2014.00246 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AX8IJ UT WOS:000347153000001 PM 25477820 ER PT J AU Landis, MS Ryan, JV ter Schure, AFH Laudal, D AF Landis, Matthew S. Ryan, Jeffrey V. ter Schure, Arnout F. H. Laudal, Dennis TI Behavior of Mercury Emissions from a Commercial Coal-Fired Power Plant: The Relationship between Stack Speciation and Near-Field Plume Measurements SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; PHOTOLYTIC REDUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; WET DEPOSITION; EASTERN OHIO; AMBIENT AIR; HG(II); OXIDATION; AEROSOLS AB The reduction of divalent gaseous mercury (Hg-II) to elemental gaseous mercury (Hg-0) in a commercial coal-fired power plant (CFPP) exhaust plume was investigated by simultaneous measurement in-stack and in-plume as part of a collaborative study among the U.S. EPA, EPRI, EERC, and Southern Company. In-stack continuous emission monitoring data were used to establish the CFPP's real-time mercury speciation and plume dilution tracer species (SO2, NOX) emission rates, and an airship was utilized as an airborne sampling platform to maintain static position with respect to the exhaust plume centerline for semicontinuous measurement of target species. Varying levels of Hg-II concentration (2.39-3.90 mu g m(-3)) and percent abundance (similar to 87-99%) in flue gas and in-plume reduction were observed. The existence and magnitude of Hg-II reduction to Hg-0 (0-55%) observed varied with respect to the types and relative amounts of coals combusted, suggesting that exhaust plume reduction occurring downwind of the CFPP is influenced by coal chemical composition and characteristics. C1 [Landis, Matthew S.; Ryan, Jeffrey V.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [ter Schure, Arnout F. H.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Laudal, Dennis] Univ N Dakota, Energy & Environm Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Landis, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM landis.matthew@epa.gov RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development through Advanced Monitoring Initiative FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded this research partially through an Advanced Monitoring Initiative Grant. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products do not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. We thank John Jansen and Justin Walters (Southern Company), and Dwain Waters (Gulf Power) in particular for access to the Crist Plant and collaboration with the project; Airship Management Services (AMS) and Integrated Systems Solutions Incorporated (ISSI) for airship operations and logistical support; Ed Brown (EPA) for Hg measurement support; Mike Wheeler (Alion) and Chris Winterrowd (ARCADIS) for instrument calibration support; and Jane Caffery (University of West Florida) for providing laboratory space and hosting our Sodar system. We also thank Eric Edgerton from Atmospheric Research and Analysis, and Leonard Levin from EPRI for their contributions to this project. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 18 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 22 BP 13540 EP 13548 DI 10.1021/es500783t PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT9RC UT WOS:000345262900062 PM 25325168 ER PT J AU Cui, YX Palii, SS Innes, CL Paules, RS AF Cui, Yuxia Palii, Stela S. Innes, Cynthia L. Paules, Richard S. TI Depletion of ATR selectively sensitizes ATM-deficient human mammary epithelial cells to ionizing radiation and DNA-damaging agents SO CELL CYCLE LA English DT Article DE ATM and Rad3-related (ATR); DNA damage response; G(2); M checkpoint; ionizing radiation; synthetic lethality ID EARLY EMBRYONIC LETHALITY; CANCER-CELLS; TARGETING ATR; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA; INDUCED AUTOPHAGY; G(2) CHECKPOINT; TUMOR-CELLS; INHIBITION; APOPTOSIS; RESISTANCE AB DNA damage response (DDR) to double strand breaks is coordinated by 3 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family members: the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), the ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase and the catalytic subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs). ATM and ATR are central players in activating cell cycle checkpoints and function as an active barrier against genome instability and tumorigenesis in replicating cells. Loss of ATM function is frequently reported in various types of tumors, thus placing more reliance on ATR for checkpoint arrest and cell survival following DNA damage. To investigate the role of ATR in the G(2)/M checkpoint regulation in response to ionizing radiation (IR), particularly when ATM is deficient, cell lines deficient of ATM, ATR, or both were generated using a doxycycline-inducible lentiviral system. Our data suggests that while depletion of ATR or ATM alone in wild-type human mammary epithelial cell cultures (HME-CCs) has little effect on radiosensitivity or IR-induced G2/M checkpoint arrest, depletion of ATR in ATM-deficient cells causes synthetic lethality following IR, which correlates with severe G(2)/M checkpoint attenuation. ATR depletion also inhibits IR-induced autophagy, regardless of the ATM status, and enhances IR-induced apoptosis particularly when ATM is deficient. Collectively, our results clearly demonstrate that ATR function is required for the IR-induced G(2)/M checkpoint activation and subsequent survival of cells with ATM deficiency. The synthetic lethal interaction between ATM and ATR in response to IR supports ATR as a therapeutic target for improved anti-cancer regimens, especially in tumors with a dysfunctional ATM pathway. C1 [Cui, Yuxia; Palii, Stela S.; Innes, Cynthia L.; Paules, Richard S.] Natl Inst Hlth Res, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Paules, RS (reprint author), Natl Inst Hlth Res, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM paules@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01ES021157] FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01ES021157). NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1538-4101 EI 1551-4005 J9 CELL CYCLE JI Cell Cycle PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 13 IS 22 BP 3541 EP 3550 DI 10.4161/15384101.2014.960729 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA AZ6KM UT WOS:000348328800013 PM 25483091 ER PT J AU Cantrell, SA Molina, M Lodge, DJ Rivera-Figueroa, FJ Ortiz-Hernandez, ML Marchetti, AA Cyterski, MJ Perez-Jimenez, JR AF Cantrell, Sharon A. Molina, Marirosa Lodge, D. Jean Rivera-Figueroa, Francisco J. Ortiz-Hernandez, Maria L. Marchetti, Albany A. Cyterski, Mike J. Perez-Jimenez, Jose R. TI Effects of a simulated hurricane disturbance on forest floor microbial communities SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Soil and leaf litter microbial communities; Canopy opening; Debris addition; Green leaves; Senesced leaves; Spatiotemporal variations ID PUERTO-RICO; TROPICAL FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WET FOREST; SOIL; DIVERSITY; BIOMASS; DECOMPOSITION; STABILITY; RESPONSES AB Forest floor microbial communities play a critical role in the processes of decomposition and nutrient cycling. The impact of cultivation, contamination, fire, and land management on soil microbial communities have been studied but there are few studies of microbial responses to the effects of tropical storms. The Canopy Trimming Experiment was executed in the Luquillo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico to decouple two prominent effects of a hurricane-canopy opening and debris deposition on the forest floor-on forest biota and processes. We studied the independent and interactive hurricane effects of canopy openness and debris deposition on the relative abundance and diversity of microorganisms in soil and leaf litter using ester link fatty acids methyl esters (EL-FAME) analysis, and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) profile. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling analysis of soil FAME showed soil microbial community composition was significantly different between pre- and post-hurricane periods including in the unmanipulated plots and among blocks, but there was no significant separation among treatments. This shows that there are strong spatiotemporal dynamics in the structure of soil microbial communities which masked hurricane effects (canopy opening and deposition of green debris). The degree of difference among treatments decreased with time in soil which suggests that our study may have started too late after the manipulations and therefore missed the effects of canopy opening and debris addition. This reflects the resilience of the soil microbial communities. The richness of soil bacterial TRF's however, showed a significant positive response to added debris. Neither fungal nor bacterial NMDS clusters for leaf microbial communities showed significant grouping by treatment, time or litter cohorts. Significant differences were observed through time for fungal diversity in green leaves and for both bacterial and fungal diversity in senesced leaves. Senesced leaves microbial succession apparently stopped when both the canopy and debris were removed, and there was a suggestive trimming by time interaction which reflects the susceptibility of the leaf litter microbial community. Our findings contribute to the understanding of how microbial community structures can be affected by hurricane disturbances and forestry management practices that remove canopy and debris from the forest floor, and shows the need to analyze the microbial community immediately after the disturbance. Short-term changes in microbial communities due to forest disturbances can have significant implications for litter decomposition, soil organic matter accumulation, nutrient cycling, and food web dynamics in tropical forests. All of these factors should be taken into consideration when selecting the appropriate forest management practice. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cantrell, Sharon A.; Rivera-Figueroa, Francisco J.; Ortiz-Hernandez, Maria L.; Perez-Jimenez, Jose R.] Univ Turabo, Dept Biol, Gurabo, PR 00778 USA. [Molina, Marirosa; Cyterski, Mike J.] US EPA, ORD, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Lodge, D. Jean] USDA, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. [Marchetti, Albany A.] Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Brazil. RP Cantrell, SA (reprint author), Univ Turabo, Sch Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, POB 3030, Gurabo, PR 00778 USA. EM scantrel@suagm.edu; molina.marirosa@epa.gov; djlodge@caribe.net; frivera@suagm.edu; albanymarchetti@yahoo.com.br; ut_jperezjm@suagm.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0218039, DEB-0620910]; University of Puerto Rico; International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service FX This research was funded by grants DEB-0218039 and DEB-0620910 from the U.S. National Science Foundation to the Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, University of Puerto Rico, and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. We also thank A. Shiels and anonymous reviewers for the pre-review and suggestions. Our sincere gratitude goes to Dr. Michael Willig and Dr. Steve Presely for the help with the statistical analysis using the program R. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the USEPA and USDA-Forest Service's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade-names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by USEPA or USDA. This paper was prepared by US Government employees and is thus in the public domain and not subject to copyright. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 332 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.07.010 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AY5EK UT WOS:000347595700003 ER PT J AU Stahl, LL Snyder, BD Olsen, AR Kincaid, TM Wathen, JB McCarty, HB AF Stahl, Leanne L. Snyder, Blame D. Olsen, Anthony R. Kincaid, Thomas M. Wathen, John B. McCarty, Harry B. TI Perfluorinated compounds in fish from US urban rivers and the Great Lakes SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Fish tissue; Perfluorinated compounds; Urban rivers; Great Lakes; Probabilistic survey ID PERFLUOROALKYL CONTAMINANTS; POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HUMAN BLOOD; SERUM; ACIDS; TROUT; CHAIN; PFOA AB Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have recently received scientific and regulatory attention due to their broad environmental distribution, persistence, bioaccumulative potential, and toxicity. Studies suggest that fish consumption may be a source of human exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) or long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids. Most PFC fish tissue literature focuses on marine fish and waters outside of the United States (U.S.). To broaden assessments in U.S. fish, a characterization of PFCs in freshwater fish was initiated on a national scale using an unequal probability design during the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) 2008-2009 National Rivers and Streams Assessment (NRSA) and the Great Lakes Human Health Fish Tissue Study component of the 2010 EPA National Coastal Condition Assessment (NCCA/GL). Fish were collected from randomly selected locations-164 urban river sites and 157 nearshore Great Lake sites. The probability design allowed extrapolation to the sampled population of 17,059 km in urban rivers and a nearshore area of 11,091 km(2) in the Great Lakes. Fillets were analyzed for 13 PFCs using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that PFOS dominated in frequency of occurrence, followed by three other longer-chain PFCs (perfluorodecanoic acid, perfluoroundecanoic acid, and perfluorododecanoic acid). Maximum PFOS concentrations were 127 and 80 ng/g in urban river samples and Great Lakes samples, respectively. The range of NRSA PFOS detections was similar to literature accounts from targeted riverine fish sampling. NCCA/GL PFOS levels were lower than those reported by other Great Lakes researchers, but generally higher than values in targeted inland lake studies. The probability design allowed development of cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) to quantify PFOS concentrations versus the sampled population, and the application of fish consumption advisory guidance to the CDFs resulted in an estimation of the proportion of urban rivers and the Great Lakes that exceed human health protection thresholds. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stahl, Leanne L.; Wathen, John B.] US EPA, OW Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Snyder, Blame D.] Tetra Tech Inc, Ctr Ecol Sci, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. [Olsen, Anthony R.; Kincaid, Thomas M.] ORD Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [McCarty, Harry B.] CSC, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. RP Stahl, LL (reprint author), US EPA, OW Off Sci & Technol, 1200 Penn Ave,NW MC 4305, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM stahl.leanne@epa.gov; blaine.snyder@tetratech.com; olsen.tony@epa.gov; kincaid.tom@epa.gov; wathen.john@epa.gov; hmccarty@csc.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; EPA [EP-C-04-030, EP-C-06-085, EP-C-09-019, EP-C-10-060] FX This study was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and technical support was provided under EPA Contracts EP-C-04-030, EP-C-06-085, EP-C-09-019, and EP-C-10-060. The manuscript has been subjected to review and approved for publication by U.S. EPA's Office of Research and Development and EPA's Office of Water. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 88 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 499 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.126 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR5GN UT WOS:000343613200020 PM 25190044 ER PT J AU Wallis, LK Diamond, SA Ma, HB Hoff, DJ Al-Abed, SR Li, SB AF Wallis, Lindsay K. Diamond, Stephen A. Ma, Hongbo Hoff, Dale J. Al-Abed, Souhail R. Li, Shibin TI Chronic TiO2 nanoparticle exposure to a benthic organism, Hyalella azteca: impact of solar UV radiation and material surface coatings on toxicity SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Nano-TiO2; Chronic toxicity; Phototoxicity; Hyalella azteca; Growth ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; PHOTOTOXICITY; ENVIRONMENT; SUNSCREENS; NANOMATERIALS; IRRADIATION; NANO-TIO2; AMPHIPOD; WATER AB There is limited information on the chronic effects of nanomaterials to benthic organisms, as well as environmental mitigating factors that might influence this toxicity. The present study aimed to fill these data gaps by examining various growth endpoints (weight gain, instantaneous growth rate, and total protein content) for up to a 21 d sediment exposure of TiO2 nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) to a representative benthic species, Hyalella azteca. An uncoated standard, P25, and an Al(OH)(3) coated nano-TiO2 used in commercial products were added to sediment at 20 mg/L or 100 mg/L Under test conditions, UV exposure alone was shown to be a greater cause of toxicity than even these high levels of nano-TiO2 exposure, indicating that different hazards need to be addressed in toxicity testing scenarios. In addition, this study showed the effectiveness of a surface coating on the decreased photoactivity of the material, as the addition of an Al(OH)(3) coating showed a dramatic decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, this reduced photoactivity was found to be partially restored when the coating had been degraded, leading to the need for future toxicity tests which examine the implications of weathering events on particle surface coatings. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wallis, Lindsay K.; Hoff, Dale J.; Li, Shibin] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Diamond, Stephen A.] Nanosafe Inc, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Ma, Hongbo] Univ Wisconsin, Zilber Sch Publ Hlth, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Li, SB (reprint author), 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM lishibinepa@gmail.com NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 499 BP 356 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.068 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR5GN UT WOS:000343613200037 PM 25203828 ER PT J AU Yu, SC Alapaty, K Mathur, R Pleim, J Zhang, YH Nolte, C Eder, B Foley, K Nagashima, T AF Yu, Shaocai Alapaty, Kiran Mathur, Rohit Pleim, Jonathan Zhang, Yuanhang Nolte, Chris Eder, Brian Foley, Kristen Nagashima, Tatsuya TI Attribution of the United States "warming hole'': Aerosol indirect effect and precipitable water vapor SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE RESPONSE; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; MODEL; 20TH-CENTURY; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; CMIP5; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; RADIATION AB Aerosols can influence the climate indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei and/or ice nuclei, thereby modifying cloud optical properties. In contrast to the widespread global warming, the central and south central United States display a noteworthy overall cooling trend during the 20th century, with an especially striking cooling trend in summertime daily maximum temperature (T-max) (termed the U.S. "warming hole''). Here we used observations of temperature, shortwave cloud forcing (SWCF), longwave cloud forcing (LWCF), aerosol optical depth and precipitable water vapor as well as global coupled climate models to explore the attribution of the "warming hole''. We find that the observed cooling trend in summer T-max can be attributed mainly to SWCF due to aerosols with offset from the greenhouse effect of precipitable water vapor. A global coupled climate model reveals that the observed "warming hole'' can be produced only when the aerosol fields are simulated with a reasonable degree of accuracy as this is necessary for accurate simulation of SWCF over the region. These results provide compelling evidence of the role of the aerosol indirect effect in cooling regional climate on the Earth. Our results reaffirm that LWCF can warm both winter T-max and T-min. C1 [Yu, Shaocai] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resource Sci, Res Ctr Air Pollut & Hlth, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Alapaty, Kiran; Mathur, Rohit; Pleim, Jonathan; Nolte, Chris; Eder, Brian; Foley, Kristen] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhang, Yuanhang] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Nagashima, Tatsuya] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. RP Yu, SC (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resource Sci, Res Ctr Air Pollut & Hlth, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM shaocaiyu@zju.edu.cn RI Zhang, Yuanhang/F-7038-2011; Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012; yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development; Zhejiang 1,000 Talent Plan; Research Center for Air Pollution and Health in Zhejiang University FX We thank Prof. Susan Solomon for insightful discussions that led to a substantial strengthening of the manuscript, Prof. Daniel Rosenfeld and Dr. Christian Hogrefe for helpful comments. We thank the CERES, GHCNM, MODIS and WCRP CMIP5 groups for producing the data used in this paper. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. Analyses and visualizations used in this study were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC. We also acknowledge the MODIS mission scientists and associated NASA personnel for the production of the data used in this research effort. The part of this work is supported by the "Zhejiang 1,000 Talent Plan'' and Research Center for Air Pollution and Health in Zhejiang University. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 36 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 6929 DI 10.1038/srep06929 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS5MP UT WOS:000344315200001 PM 25373416 ER PT J AU Ihlaseh-Catalano, SM Bailey, KA Cardoso, APF Ren, HZ Fry, RC de Camargo, JLV Wolf, DC AF Ihlaseh-Catalano, Shadia M. Bailey, Kathryn A. Cardoso, Ana Paula F. Ren, Hongzu Fry, Rebecca C. de Camargo, Joao Lauro V. Wolf, Douglas C. TI Dose and temporal effects on gene expression profiles of urothelial cells from rats exposed to diuron SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diuron; Rat urinary bladder; Carcinogenesis; Gene expression profiling; Microarray analysis; Cell adhesion ID URINARY-BLADDER CARCINOGENESIS; MALE WISTAR RATS; MODE; RESPONSES; TOXICITY; CANCER; BETA AB Diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) is a substituted urea herbicide that at high dietary levels (2500 ppm) induces rat urinary bladder hyperplasia after 20 weeks of exposure and neoplasia after 2 years. The effects on the urothelium after short-term exposure have not been described. The present 7-day study evaluated the dose-dependency of urothelial alterations in the urinary bladder using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and genome-wide transcriptional profiling. Male Wistar rats were fed 0,125, 500, 2500 ppm diuron for 7 days. The urinary bladder and isolated urothelial cells of these animals were processed for microscopic examination and gene expression profiling, respectively. No significant treatment-related morphologic effects were observed. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the exposed groups increased with diuron levels. Diuron-altered genes involved in cell-to-cell interactions and tissue organization were identified in all treatment groups. After 7 days of diuron exposure, transcriptional responses were observed in the urothelium in the absence of clear morphologic changes. These morphological findings are different from those observed in a previous study in which 20 weeks of diuron exposure was associated with simple hyperplasia secondary to the persistent cytotoxicity and necrosis associated with continuous cellular regeneration. Comparison of the gene expression profiles of rats exposed to the 2500 ppm carcinogenic diuron dose for 7 days versus 20 weeks revealed few similarities between these two time points at the gene or pathway level. Taken together, these data provide insight into the dose- and temporal-dependent morphological and transcriptional changes associated with diuron exposure that may lead to the development of tumors in the rat urinary bladder. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ihlaseh-Catalano, Shadia M.; Cardoso, Ana Paula F.; de Camargo, Joao Lauro V.] UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Med Sch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Evaluat Environm Impact Human Hlth TOXICAM, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Bailey, Kathryn A.; Fry, Rebecca C.] UNC Gillings Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27559 USA. [Ren, Hongzu; Wolf, Douglas C.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP de Camargo, JLV (reprint author), UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Med Sch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Evaluat Environm Impact Human Hlth TOXICAM, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. EM shadia.catalano@basf.com; katie.bailey@syngenta.com; anaferragut@fmb.unesp.br; ren.hongzu@epa.gov; rfry@unc.edu; decam@fmb.unesp.br; USA.Doug.Wolf@syngenta.com FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [06/60506-1, 08/55644-1, 09/02754-7]; Center for the Evaluation of the Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM, Botucatu Medical School, Univ. Estadual Paulista); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [T32 ES7018] FX This work was supported by the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP Grants No. 06/60506-1, 08/55644-1 and 09/02754-7), Center for the Evaluation of the Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM, Botucatu Medical School, Univ. Estadual Paulista), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS, T32 ES7018). NR 26 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD NOV 5 PY 2014 VL 325 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2014.08.005 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA AR7UO UT WOS:000343785400003 PM 25152437 ER PT J AU Shalamzari, MS Kahnt, A Vermeylen, R Kleindienst, TE Lewandowski, M Cuyckens, F Maenhaut, W Claeys, M AF Shalamzari, Mohammad Safi Kahnt, Ariane Vermeylen, Reinhilde Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Lewandowski, Michael Cuyckens, Filip Maenhaut, Willy Claeys, Magda TI Characterization of Polar Organosulfates in Secondary Organic Aerosol from the Green Leaf Volatile 3-Z-Hexenal SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ISOPRENE; PHOTOOXIDATION; PHOTOLYSIS; KINETICS; DEFENSE AB Evidence is provided That the green leaf volatiles 3-Z- hexenal serves as a precursor for biogenic secondary organic aersol through the formation of polar organosulfates (Os) with molecular weight (MW) 226. The MW 226 C-6-OSs were Chemically elucidated, along with structurally similar MW 212 C-5-OSs, whose biogenic precursor is likely related to 3-Z-hexenal but still remains unknown. The MW: 226 and 212 OSs have a substantial abundance in ambient fine aerosol from K-puszta, Hungary, which is comparable to that of the isoprene-related MW 216 OSs, known to be formed: through sulfation of C-5-epoxydiols, second-generation gas-phase photooxidation products of isoprene. Using detailed interpretation of negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectral data, the MW 226, compounds are assigned to isomeric sulfate esters of 3,4-dihydroxyhex-5-enoic acid with the sulfate group located or C-4 position. Two MW 212 compounds present in: ambient fine aerosol are attributed to isomeric sulfate :esters of 2,3-dihydroxypent-4-enoic acid, of which two are sulfated at C-3 and one is sulfated at C-2. The formation of the MW 226 :OSs is tentatively explained through photooxidation of 3-Z-hexenal in, the gas phase, resulting in alkoxy radical, followed by a rearrangement and subsequent sulfation of the epoxy group in the particle phase. C1 [Shalamzari, Mohammad Safi; Kahnt, Ariane; Vermeylen, Reinhilde; Maenhaut, Willy; Claeys, Magda] Univ Antwerp, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Shalamzari, Mohammad Safi; Maenhaut, Willy] Univ Ghent, Dept Analyt Chem, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.; Lewandowski, Michael] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cuyckens, Filip] Janssen Res & Dev, Drug Metab & Pharmacokinet, BE-2340 Beerse, Belgium. RP Claeys, M (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. EM magda.claeys@uantwerpen.be RI Maenhaut, Willy/M-3091-2013; OI Maenhaut, Willy/0000-0002-4715-4627; Cuyckens, Filip/0000-0003-4956-1418 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 4 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 21 BP 12671 EP 12678 DI 10.1021/es503226b PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS7QC UT WOS:000344449100024 PM 25271849 ER PT J AU Isaacs, KK Glen, WG Egeghy, P Goldsmith, MR Smith, L Vallero, D Brooks, R Grulke, CM Ozkaynak, H AF Isaacs, Kristin K. Glen, W. Graham Egeghy, Peter Goldsmith, Michael-Rock Smith, Luther Vallero, Daniel Brooks, Raina Grulke, Christopher M. Oezkaynak, Haluk TI SHEDS-HT: An Integrated Probabilistic Exposure Model for Prioritizing Exposures to Chemicals with Near-Field and Dietary Sources SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDRENS RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; COSMETIC PRODUCTS; CONSUMER PRODUCTS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; INDOOR ENVIRONMENT; CHLORPYRIFOS; PESTICIDES; CALIFORNIA AB United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) researchers are developing a strategy for high-throughput (HT) exposure-based prioritization of chemicals under the ExpoCast program. These novel modeling approaches for evaluating chemicals based on their potential for biologically relevant human exposures will inform toxicity testing and prioritization for chemical risk assessment. Based on probabilistic methods and algorithms developed for The Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation Model for Multimedia, Multipathway Chemicals (SHEDS-MM), a new mechanistic modeling approach has been developed to accommodate high-throughput (HT) assessment of exposure potential. In this SHEDS-HT model, the residential and dietary modules of SHEDS-MM have been operationally modified to reduce the user burden, input data demands and run times of the higher-tier model, while maintaining critical features and inputs that influence exposure. The model has been implemented in R; the modeling framework links chemicals to consumer product categories or food groups (and thus exposure scenarios) to predict HT exposures and intake doess. Initially, SHEDS-HT has been applied to 2507 organic chemicals associated with consumer products and agricultural pesticides. These evaluations employ data from recent USEPA efforts to characterize usage (prevalence, frequency and magnitude), chemical composition, and exposure scenarios for a wide range of consumer products. In modeling indirect exposures from near-field sources SHEDS-HT employs a fugacity-based module to estimate concentrations in indoor environmental media. The concentration estimates, along with relevant exposure factors and human activity data, are then used by the model to rapidly generate probablistic population distributions of near-field indirect exposures via dermal. nondietary ingestion, and inhalation pathways. Pathway-specific estimates of near-field direct exposures from consumer products are also modeled. Population dietary exposures for a variety of chemicals found in foods are combined with the corresponding chemical-specific near-field exposure predictions to produce aggregate population exposure estimates. The estimated intake dose rates (mg/kg/day) for the 2507 chemical case-study spanned 13 orders of magnitude. SHEDS-HT successfully reproduced the pathway-specific exposure results of the higher-tier SHEDS-MM for a case-study pesticide and produced median intake doses significantly correlated (p<0.0001, R-2 = 0.39) with medians inferred using biomonitoring data for 39 chemicals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Based on the favorable performance of SHEDS-HT with respect to these initial evaluations, we believe this new tool will be useful for HT prediction of chemical exposure potential. C1 [Isaacs, Kristin K.; Egeghy, Peter; Vallero, Daniel; Oezkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Glen, W. Graham; Smith, Luther] Alion Sci & Technol, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Goldsmith, Michael-Rock] Chem Comp Grp, Montreal, PQ H3A 2R7, Canada. [Brooks, Raina] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Grulke, Christopher M.] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Isaacs, KK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM isaacs.kristin@epa.gov NR 66 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 4 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 21 BP 12750 EP 12759 DI 10.1021/es502513w PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS7QC UT WOS:000344449100033 PM 25222184 ER PT J AU Wambaugh, JF Wang, A Dionisio, KL Frame, A Egeghy, P Judson, R Setzer, RW AF Wambaugh, John F. Wang, Anran Dionisio, Kathie L. Frame, Alicia Egeghy, Peter Judson, Richard Setzer, R. Woodrow TI High Throughput Heuristics for Prioritizing Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; MODELS AB The risk posed to human health by any of the thousands of untested anthropogenic chemicals in our environment is a function of both the hazard presented by the chemical and the extent of exposure. However, many chemicals lack estimates of exposure intake, limiting the understanding of health risks. We aim to develop a rapid heuristic method to determine potential human exposure to chemicals for application to the thousands of chemicals with little or not exposure data. We used Bayesian methodology to infer ranges of exposure consistent with biomarkers identified in urine samples from the U.S. population by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We performed linear regression on inferred exposure for demographic subsets of NHANES demarked by age, gender, and weight using chemical descriptors and use information from multiple databases and structure-based calculators. Five descriptors are capable of explaining roughly 50% of the variability in geometric means across 106 NHANES chemicals for all the demographic groups, including children aged 6-11. We use these descriptors to estimate human exposure to 7968 chemicals, the majority of which have no other quantitative exposure prediction. For thousands of chemicals with no other information, this approach allows forecasting of average exposure intake of environmental chemicals. C1 [Wambaugh, John F.; Wang, Anran; Frame, Alicia; Judson, Richard; Setzer, R. Woodrow] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dionisio, Kathie L.; Egeghy, Peter] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wang, Anran] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wang, Anran; Frame, Alicia] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ Grantee, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wambaugh, JF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Wambaugh.john@epa.gov OI Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633; Wambaugh, John/0000-0002-4024-534X NR 25 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 4 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 21 BP 12760 EP 12767 DI 10.1021/es503583j PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS7QC UT WOS:000344449100034 PM 25343693 ER PT J AU Erdakos, GB Bhave, PV Pouliot, GA Simon, H Mathur, R AF Erdakos, Garnet B. Bhave, Prakash V. Pouliot, George A. Simon, Heather Mathur, Rohit TI Predicting the Effects of Nanoscale Cerium Additives in Diesel Fuel on Regional-Scale Air Quality SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; EMISSIONS; PARTICULATE; PARTICLES; OXIDATION; EXPOSURE; ENGINES AB Diesel vehicles are a major source of air pollutant emissions. Fuel additives containing nanoparticulate cerium (nCe) are currently being used in some diesel vehicles to improve fuel efficiency. These fuel additives also reduce fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions and alter the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and hydrocarbon (HC) species, including several hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). To predict their net effect on regional air quality, we review the emissions literature and develop a multipollutant inventory for a hypothetical scenario in which nCe additives are used in all on-road and nonroad diesel vehicles. We apply the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to a domain covering the eastern U.S. for a summer and a whiter period. Model calculations suggest modest decreases of average PM2.5 concentrations and relatively larger decreases in particulate elemental carbon. The nCe additives also have an effect on 8 h maximum ozone in summer. Variable effects on HAPs are predicted. The total U.S. emissions of fine-particulate cerium are estimated to increase 25-fold and result in elevated levels of airborne cerium (up to 22 ng/m(3)), which might adversely impact human health and the environment. C1 [Erdakos, Garnet B.; Bhave, Prakash V.; Pouliot, George A.; Mathur, Rohit] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Simon, Heather] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Erdakos, GB (reprint author), Sonoma Technol Inc, 1455 N McDowell Blvd,Suite D, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. EM gerdakos@sonomatech.com RI simon, heather/E-4392-2011 OI simon, heather/0000-0001-7254-3360 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 4 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 21 BP 12775 EP 12782 DI 10.1021/es504050g PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS7QC UT WOS:000344449100036 PM 25271762 ER PT J AU Holman, E Gray, G AF Holman, Elizabeth Gray, George TI Setting Pesticide Reference Doses: A Retrospective Analysis Examining Key Data and Choices SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; reference dose; science policy; pesticides ID SAFETY ASSESSMENT; TOXICITY; RISK; CHEMICALS; HAZARD; US AB Toxicity tests are widely used to set acceptable levels of chemical exposure. Different organizations have identified a base set of tests specifying a mix of endpoints, durations, and species to be tested. A specific test and endpoint is chosen as the basis for calculation of human health risk values like reference doses (RfDs). This study empirically evaluates the data and choices made in setting acute and chronic RfDs for 352 conventional pesticides. The results suggest that for Acute, Acute-Female Specific, and Chronic RfDs one test is used far more than others. Ninety-six percent of the 116 Acute Female-Specific RfDs relied on a developmental toxicity test and 78% of Chronic RfDs used the chronic bioassay. Tests in rats were used far more often than other species in all RfD calculations. For all types of RfDs a total uncertainty factor of 100 was most common although values as low as 1 and as high as 3000 were seen. These results provide insights not only into the science policy frameworks used, but also into ways toxicity testing and risk assessment may be streamlined and made more efficient. C1 [Holman, Elizabeth] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Off Chem Safety & Pollut Prevent, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Holman, Elizabeth; Gray, George] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Ctr Risk Sci & Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP Holman, E (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Off Chem Safety & Pollut Prevent, Ariel Rios Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 7509P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Holman.Elizabeth@epamail.epa.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 EI 1549-7860 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD NOV 2 PY 2014 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1550 EP 1564 DI 10.1080/10807039.2013.879017 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE8QO UT WOS:000334266600009 ER PT J AU Gladwell, W Yost, O Nelson, S McCaw, Z Gilmour, I Ciencewicki, J Kleeberger, S AF Gladwell, Wesley, II Yost, Oriana Nelson, Spencer McCaw, Zachary Gilmour, Ian Ciencewicki, Jonathan Kleeberger, Steven TI Differential Susceptibility to Diesel Exhaust Extract in Human Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gladwell, Wesley, II; Yost, Oriana; Nelson, Spencer; McCaw, Zachary; Ciencewicki, Jonathan; Kleeberger, Steven] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Gilmour, Ian] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 EI 1873-4596 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 76 SU 1 MA 125 BP S61 EP S61 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.368 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CO9WA UT WOS:000359525800145 ER PT J AU Verhein, KC Nichols, JL Panduri, V Gladwell, W Marzec, J McCaw, Z Reeves, N Malphurs, J Solomon, G Wiltshire, T Burkholder, A Fargo, D Bell, D Van Houten, B Kleeberger, SR AF Verhein, Kirsten C. Nichols, Jennifer L. Panduri, Vijayalakshmi Gladwell, Wesley Marzec, Jacqui McCaw, Zachary Reeves, Nicole Malphurs, Jason Solomon, Greg Wiltshire, Tim Burkholder, Adam Fargo, David Bell, Douglas Van Houten, Bennett Kleeberger, Steven R. TI Genetic Determinants of Oxidant-Induced Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Lesions in a Neonatal Inbred Mouse Model of Acute Lung Injury SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Verhein, Kirsten C.; Panduri, Vijayalakshmi; Gladwell, Wesley; Marzec, Jacqui; McCaw, Zachary; Reeves, Nicole; Malphurs, Jason; Solomon, Greg; Burkholder, Adam; Fargo, David; Bell, Douglas; Kleeberger, Steven R.] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Nichols, Jennifer L.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Wiltshire, Tim] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Van Houten, Bennett] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 EI 1873-4596 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 76 SU 1 MA 409 BP S167 EP S168 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.058 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CO9WA UT WOS:000359525800428 ER PT J AU Wages, PA Silbajoris, R Bromberg, PA Simmons, SO Samet, JM AF Wages, Phillip A. Silbajoris, Robert Bromberg, Philip A. Simmons, Steven O. Samet, James M. TI Exploring the Role of H2O2 in Zinc-Induced Cellular Oxidative Effects SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wages, Phillip A.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Silbajoris, Robert; Samet, James M.] US EPA, EPHD, NHEERL, Washington, DC USA. [Bromberg, Philip A.] Univ N Carolina, CEMALB, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Simmons, Steven O.] US EPA, ISTD, NHEERL, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 EI 1873-4596 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 76 SU 1 MA 377 BP S153 EP S153 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.573 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CO9WA UT WOS:000359525800396 ER PT J AU Doa, M Lewis, P Canavan, S Gonzalez, Y AF Doa, M. Lewis, P. Canavan, S. Gonzalez, Y. TI ChemView: Making data on chemicals publicly available SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT APS-CPS Joint Meeting CY AUG 09-13, 2014 CL Minneapolis, MN SP APS, CPS C1 [Doa, M.; Lewis, P.; Canavan, S.; Gonzalez, Y.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2014 VL 104 IS 11 SU 3 BP 33 EP 33 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AW5GG UT WOS:000346303300188 ER PT J AU Browne, P AF Browne, P. TI EPA's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program: Background and evaluation of Tier 1 results from chemical case studies SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT APS-CPS Joint Meeting CY AUG 09-13, 2014 CL Minneapolis, MN SP APS, CPS C1 [Browne, P.] US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2014 VL 104 IS 11 SU 3 BP 144 EP 144 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AW5GG UT WOS:000346303301026 ER PT J AU Alexis, NE Carlsten, C AF Alexis, Neil E. Carlsten, Chris TI Interplay of air pollution and asthma immunopathogenesis: A focused review of diesel exhaust and ozone SO INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Diesel exhaust particles (DEP); Ozone; Innate immune response; Allergic inflammation; Asthma ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; ANTIOXIDANT N-ACETYLCYSTEINE; DENDRITIC CELL MATURATION; IN-VIVO; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; NEUTROPHIL RESPONSE; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; PARTICULATE MATTER; ALLERGIC-ASTHMA; IGE PRODUCTION AB Controlled human exposure experiments with diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and ozone serve to illustrate the important role pollutants play in modulating both allergic mechanisms and immune responses to affect the immunopathogenesis of airway diseases such as asthma. For DEP, evidence is stronger for the exacerbation of existing asthma rather than for the development of new disease. To the extent that this enhancement occurs, the augmentation of Th2-type immunity seems to be a common element. For ozone, neutrophilic inflammation, altered immune cell phenotype and function and oxidative stress are all marked responses that likely contribute to underlying immune-inflammatory features of asthma. Evidence is also emerging that unique gene signatures and epigenetic control of immune and inflammatory-based genes are playing important roles in the magnitude of the impact ozone is having on respiratory health. Indeed, the interplay between air pollutants such as DEP and ozone and asthma immunopathogenesis is an ongoing concern in terms of understanding how exposure to these agents can lead to worsening of disease. To this end, asthmatics may be pre-disposed to the deleterious effects of pollutants like ozone, having constitutively modified host defense functions and gene signatures. Although this review has utilized DEP and ozone as example pollutants, more research is needed to better understand the interplay between air pollution in general and asthma immumopathogenesis. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Alexis, Neil E.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Carlsten, Chris] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Carlsten, Chris] Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Alexis, NE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, US EPA, Human Studies Facil, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Neil_Alexis@med.unc.edu NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-5769 EI 1878-1705 J9 INT IMMUNOPHARMACOL JI Int. Immunopharmacol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 347 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.08.009 PG 9 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AX6FZ UT WOS:000347019800045 PM 25194677 ER PT J AU Mitsch, WJ Nedrich, SM Harter, SK Anderson, C Nahlik, AM Bernal, B AF Mitsch, William J. Nedrich, Sara M. Harter, Sarah K. Anderson, Christopher Nahlik, Amanda M. Bernal, Blanca TI Sedimentation in created freshwater riverine wetlands: 15 years of succession and contrast of methods SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Freshwater marsh; Olentangy River Wetland Research Park; Sedimentation; Erosion; Bioturbation; Horizon markers ID SMALL CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; RAPIDLY SUBSIDING WETLAND; FORESTED WETLAND; SALT MARSHES; NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION; RIPARIAN WETLANDS; SOIL PARTICLES; CANAL IMPACTS; UNITED-STATES; SELF-DESIGN AB This study summarizes five separate sedimentation studies spanning 15 years (years 3-17 following wetland creation in 1994) of two 1 ha experimental flow-through wetlands. Included are methods and analyses of the most recent (2009-2010) comparative study that attempted to quantify both erosion and bioturbation processes. Depending on techniques used, two distinct types of sedimentation rates were estimated-gross and net sedimentation. Gross sedimentation in 2004-2005 (years 11 and 12) using sediment trap bottles was 45 kg m(-2) for 4 months during and after spring flood pulsing conditions in 2004 and 39 kg m(-2) for the same 4 months during and after steady flow conditions in 2005. Annual sediment accretion using feldspar and other horizon markers was 31.7 +/- 4.4 kg m(-2) yr(-1) (4.2 +/- 0.6 cm yr(-1)) in 1996 (year 3 after wetland creation) and 34.4 +/- 4.5 kg m(-2) yr(-1) (5.5 +/- 0.8 cm yr(-1)) in 2009 (year 16 after wetland creation). Net sedimentation using soil cores to estimate accumulation of sediments over antecedent soil horizon layers was 4.7 +/- 0.3 kg m(-2) yr(-1) (0.9 +/- 0.07 cm yr(-1)) in 2004 (year 11) and 6.0 +/- 0.4 kg m(-2) yr(-1) (0.9 +/- 0.06 cm yr(-1)) in 2009 (year 16). Net sedimentation, using estimates of sedimentation and erosion with the sediment erosion table (SET) method in 2009-2010 (years 16-17) was 3.9 +/- 6.1-9.0 kg m(-2) yr(-1) (1.3 +/- 0.8-1.4 cm yr(-1)). Bioturbation by macrofauna significantly decreased sedimentation rates during the 2009 (year 16) study. Spatial patterns, consistent among horizon marker and net sedimentation studies, showed that deep, open-water areas had higher rates of sedimentation than shallow areas with emergent vegetation, and that sedimentation rates were higher when closer to the inflow than at the outflow of these flow-through wetlands. Net sedimentation of these created riverine wetlands ranged from 1.2 cm/yr to 1.4 cm/yr, suggesting that these wetlands will accumulate about 30 cm of sediments in a little more than two decades. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mitsch, William J.] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Naples, FL 34112 USA. [Nedrich, Sara M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Harter, Sarah K.] Ohio EPA Southeast Dist Off, Logan, OH 43138 USA. [Anderson, Christopher] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Nahlik, Amanda M.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Bernal, Blanca] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Biogeochem Lab, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Mitsch, WJ (reprint author), Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Everglades Wetland Res Pk, Naples, FL 34112 USA. EM wmitsch@fgcu.edu OI Mitsch, William/0000-0001-8348-3172 FU Society of Wetland Scientists; OARCD graduate research enhancement; Payne; SEEDS grants; USDA NRI CSREES [2002-35102-13518]; USEPA from Cincinnati OH [EM83329801-0]; Gulf of Mexico Program [MX95413108-0]; National Science Foundation [CBET-1033451, CBET-0829026]; Sigma Xi (Ohio State Chapter) FX Thanks to the many wetlanders who helped the authors in the four separate studies summarized here; you are too numerous to mention but your contributions to wetland science remain important. This research was supported by several sources including Society of Wetland Scientists student support, OARCD graduate research enhancement, Payne, and SEEDS grants, USDA NRI CSREES Grant no. 2002-35102-13518, USEPA Agreements-EM83329801-0 from Cincinnati OH and MX95413108-0 from Gulf of Mexico Program, the National Science Foundation (CBET-1033451 and CBET-0829026), and a Sigma Xi (Ohio State Chapter) Grant-In-Aid of Research award. Thanks to Anne Mischo for an illustration on a short time frame. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 72 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.09.116 PG 10 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA AW6NY UT WOS:000346387300003 ER PT J AU Stauffer, BA Goes, JI Mckee, KT Gomes, HD Stabeno, PJ AF Stauffer, Beth A. Goes, Joaquim I. Mckee, Kali T. Gomes, Helga do Rosario Stabeno, Phyllis J. TI Comparison of spring-time phytoplankton community composition in two cold years from the western Gulf of Alaska into the southeastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Community composition; Phytoplankton; Climatic changes; Food webs; Marine ecology ID NORTH PACIFIC; FOOD WEBS; ECOSYSTEM; SHELF; VARIABILITY; ZOOPLANKTON; TEMPERATURE; PHAEOCYSTIS; CLIMATE; ICE AB The Bering Sea is a highly productive ecosystem providing the main oceanographic connection between the North Pacific and Arctic oceans. The atmospheric connection with the Arctic Ocean leads to seasonal sea ice formation in the Bering Sea, the areal extent and timing of retreat of which have important implications for primary productivity and phytoplankton community composition in this region. Hydrographic data from cruises and satellite sea ice and sea surface temperature data in spring 2011 and 2012 suggest classification of these years as relatively warmer and colder years, respectively. Locations in the western Gulf of Alaska (Pavlof Bay), at the north end of an eastern pass through the Aleutian Islands (Unimak Pass), and on the continental shelf of the Bering Sea (M2) were visited in both years. Stratification was apparent on the shelf in 2012, while the water column was comparatively well-mixed at other locations in both years. Phytoplankton biomass was highest in 2011 overall and specifically on the shelf in both years, while minimal biomass was measured within the well-mixed Unimak Pass in 2012. Surface phytoplankton size distributions included substantial contributions of picoplankton (< 3 mu m) in 2011 (21-35%), while micro-(20-200 mu m) and nanoplankton (3-20 mu m) comprised 79% and 95% of biomass in Pavlof Bay and at M2, respectively, in 2012. Analyses of similarity revealed spatial variability in the phytoplankton assemblages within each year (2011: R=0.588, p < 0.004; 2012: R=0.646, p < 0.004). Additionally, between-year variability had a strong and significant effect on differences between assemblages across all locations (R=0.579, p < 0.0003), likely masking differences between sites when years were grouped (R=0.134, p < 0.079). These differences were likely driven by the dominance (up to 75% in Unimak Pass) of the colonial prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis sp. at all sites in 2011, resulting in reduced community diversity, compared to more widespread abundance of large diatoms of the genera Thalassiosira, Thalassiothrix, and Chaetoceros in 2012. The current study shows that within-regime differences in phytoplankton community composition between years can be almost as great as that between locations with vastly different oceanographic settings. High between-and multi-year variability may combine with a potential overall decline in sea ice in the Bering Sea to produce significant changes in the productive base of the food web with potential cascading effects on higher, economically and ecologically important trophic levels. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stauffer, Beth A.; Goes, Joaquim I.; Mckee, Kali T.; Gomes, Helga do Rosario] Columbia Univ, Dept Biol & Paleo Environm, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stauffer, BA (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM stauffer@ldeo.columbia.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX10AP10G, NNX11AP28G]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Eco-FOCI project FX This is BEST-BSIERP publication number 130. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grants # NNX10AP10G and NNX11AP28G), and space aboard the R/V Oscar Dyson was generously provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in concert with the Eco-FOCI project. The authors thank K. Keebler for field assistance, J.M. Rose NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.007 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900006 ER PT J AU Milanovich, JR Hopton, ME AF Milanovich, Joseph R. Hopton, Matthew E. TI Stoichiometry of a semi-aquatic plethodontid salamander: Intraspecific variation due to location, size and diet SO INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon; Eurycea cirrigera; nitrogen; phosphorus; stream ID ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; HEADWATER STREAMS; TROPICAL STREAM; STABLE-ISOTOPES; MIXING MODELS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NUTRIENT; POPULATIONS; AMPHIBIANS; DYNAMICS AB Ecological stoichiometry provides a framework to investigate an organism's relationship to nutrient cycles. An organism's stoichiometry is thought to constrain its contribution to nutrient cycles (recycling or storage), and to limit its growth and reproduction. Factors that influence the stoichiometry of a consumer are largely unstudied, but what is known is that consumer stoichiometry is influenced by the elemental requirements of the consumer (e.g. for growth, reproduction and cell maintenance) and the availability of elements. We examined whole-body stoichiometry of larval southern two-lined salamanders (Eurycea cirrigera) and described the influence of location, body size, stoichiometry of diet items, and environmental nutrient supply on whole-body stoichiometry. Mean composition of phosphorous was 2.6%, nitrogen was 11.3%, and carbon was 39.6%, which are similar for other aquatic vertebrate taxa. The most significant predictor of whole-body stoichiometry was the site where the samples were collected, which was significant for each nutrient and nutrient ratio. Body size and stoichiometry of diet items were also predictors of Eurycea cirrigera stoichiometry. Our study suggests that spatial differences in environmental nutrient supply have a stronger influence on consumer whole-body stoichiometry among similar-sized larvae compared to life history traits, such as body size or diet. C1 [Milanovich, Joseph R.; Hopton, Matthew E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab,Sustainable Environm, Cincinnati, OH 45068 USA. RP Hopton, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Clean Proc Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45068 USA. EM hopton.matthew@epa.gov OI Hopton, Matt/0000-0001-7962-6820 NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1749-4877 EI 1749-4869 J9 INTEGR ZOOL JI Integr. Zool. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 9 IS 5 BP 613 EP 622 DI 10.1111/1749-4877.12114 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AU6EG UT WOS:000345695200007 PM 25236804 ER PT J AU Wetmore, BA Allen, B Clewell, HJ Parker, T Wambaugh, JF Almond, LM Sochaski, MA Thomas, RS AF Wetmore, Barbara A. Allen, Brittany Clewell, Harvey J., III Parker, Timothy Wambaugh, John F. Almond, Lisa M. Sochaski, Mark A. Thomas, Russell S. TI Incorporating Population Variability and Susceptible Subpopulations into Dosimetry for High-Throughput Toxicity Testing SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE In vitro in vivo extrapolation; population variability; toxicokinetics; reaction phenotyping; dosimetry; risk assessment ID STATE PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; PHARMACOKINETIC-PHARMACODYNAMIC INTERFACE; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; IN-VITRO; UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; EXTRAPOLATION FACTORS AB Momentum is growing worldwide to use in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) to evaluate human health effects of chemicals. However, the integration of dosimetry into HTS assays and incorporation of population variability will be essential before its application in a risk assessment context. Previously, we employed in vitro hepatic metabolic clearance and plasma protein binding data with in vitro in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) modeling to estimate oral equivalent doses, or daily oral chemical doses required to achieve steady-state blood concentrations (C-ss) equivalent to media concentrations having a defined effect in an in vitro HTS assay. In this study, hepatic clearance rates of selected ToxCast chemicals were measured in vitro for 13 cytochrome P450 and five uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronysyltransferase isozymes using recombinantly expressed enzymes. The isozyme-specific clearance rates were then incorporated into an IVIVE model that captures known differences in isozyme expression across several life stages and ethnic populations. Comparison of the median C-ss for a healthy population against the median or the upper 95th percentile for more sensitive populations revealed differences of 1.3- to 4.3-fold or 3.1- to 13.1-fold, respectively. Such values may be used to derive chemical-specific human toxicokinetic adjustment factors. The IVIVE model was also used to estimate subpopulation-specific oral equivalent doses that were directly compared with subpopulation-specific exposure estimates. This study successfully combines isozyme and physiologic differences to quantitate subpopulation pharmacokinetic variability. Incorporation of these values with dosimetry and in vitro bioactivities provides a viable approach that could be employed within a high-throughput risk assessment framework. C1 [Wetmore, Barbara A.; Allen, Brittany; Clewell, Harvey J., III; Parker, Timothy; Sochaski, Mark A.; Thomas, Russell S.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wambaugh, John F.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Almond, Lisa M.] Simcyp Ltd, Blades Enterprise Ctr, Sheffield S2 4SU, S Yorkshire, England. RP Wetmore, BA (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, 6 Davis Dr,POB 12137, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM bwetmore@thehamner.org OI Thomas, Russell/0000-0002-2340-0301; Wambaugh, John/0000-0002-4024-534X FU American Chemistry Council's Long-Range Research Initiative; Agilent Thought Leader Award, Agilent Foundation FX American Chemistry Council's Long-Range Research Initiative; Agilent Thought Leader Award, Agilent Foundation. NR 91 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 142 IS 1 BP 210 EP 224 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfu169 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AU8IT UT WOS:000345840600019 PM 25145659 ER PT J AU Breen, MS Burke, JM Batterman, SA Vette, AF Godwin, C Croghan, CW Schultz, BD Long, TC AF Breen, Michael S. Burke, Janet M. Batterman, Stuart A. Vette, Alan F. Godwin, Christopher Croghan, Carry W. Schultz, Bradley D. Long, Thomas C. TI Modeling Spatial and Temporal Variability of Residential Air Exchange Rates for the Near-Road Exposures and Effects of Urban Air Pollutants Study (NEXUS) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Science and Knowledge Co-Production for Ecosystems and Human Well-Being CY MAY 25-31, 2014 CL Villa Vigoni, ITALY DE air exchange rate modeling; air pollution; health; exposure ID CENTRAL NORTH-CAROLINA; INFILTRATION; JACKKNIFE; INDOOR; ASSESSMENTS; BOOTSTRAP; ERROR; PM2.5; TIME AB Air pollution health studies often use outdoor concentrations as exposure surrogates. Failure to account for variability of residential infiltration of outdoor pollutants can induce exposure errors and lead to bias and incorrect confidence intervals in health effect estimates. The residential air exchange rate (AER), which is the rate of exchange of indoor air with outdoor air, is an important determinant for house-to-house (spatial) and temporal variations of air pollution infiltration. Our goal was to evaluate and apply mechanistic models to predict AERs for 213 homes in the Near-Road Exposures and Effects of Urban Air Pollutants Study (NEXUS), a cohort study of traffic-related air pollution exposures and respiratory effects in asthmatic children living near major roads in Detroit, Michigan. We used a previously developed model (LBL), which predicts AER from meteorology and questionnaire data on building characteristics related to air leakage, and an extended version of this model (LBLX) that includes natural ventilation from open windows. As a critical and novel aspect of our AER modeling approach, we performed a cross validation, which included both parameter estimation (i.e., model calibration) and model evaluation, based on daily AER measurements from a subset of 24 study homes on five consecutive days during two seasons. The measured AER varied between 0.09 and 3.48 h(-1) with a median of 0.64 h(-1). For the individual model-predicted and measured AER, the median absolute difference was 29% (0.19 h(-1)) for both the LBL and LBLX models. The LBL and LBLX models predicted 59% and 61% of the variance in the AER, respectively. Daily AER predictions for all 213 homes during the three year study (2010-2012) showed considerable house-to-house variations from building leakage differences, and temporal variations from outdoor temperature and wind speed fluctuations. Using this novel approach, NEXUS will be one of the first epidemiology studies to apply calibrated and home-specific AER models, and to include the spatial and temporal variations of AER for over 200 individual homes across multiple years into an exposure assessment in support of improving risk estimates. C1 [Breen, Michael S.; Burke, Janet M.; Godwin, Christopher; Croghan, Carry W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Batterman, Stuart A.; Godwin, Christopher] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Vette, Alan F.] US EPA, Immediate Off Assistant Administrator, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Long, Thomas C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Breen, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM breen.michael@epa.gov; burke.janet@epa.gov; stuartb@umich.edu; vette.alan@epa.gov; ccgodwin@umich.edu; croghan.carry@epa.gov; schultz_brad@yahoo.com; long.tom@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development [R834117, EP-D-10-070]; NIEHS [5-R01-ES014677-02, R01 ES016769-01] FX The NEXUS study involves a community-based participatory research partnership, which was conducted with input from several partners, including the Community Action Against Asthma (CAAA) Steering Committee. We thank the CAAA its member organizations including the Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services, Community Health and Social Services Center Inc., Detroit Hispanic Development Corporation, Detroiters Working for Environmental Justice, Friends of Parkside, Detroit Department of Health and Wellness Promotion, Latino Family Services, Southwest Detroit Environmental Vision, Warren/Conner Development Corporation, the University of Michigan School of Medicine, the University of Michigan School of Public Health, and an independent community activist. We also thank Thomas Robins and Toby Lewis, and our field laboratory and data management staff including Leonard Brakefield, Sonya Grant, Laprisha Berry Vaughn, Graciela Menz, and Irme Cuadros (University of Michigan). We also thank Gary Norris for his help with the study design, and Robert Devlin and Michelle Oakes (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) for their reviews and helpful suggestions. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded the research under cooperative agreement R834117 (University of Michigan) and contract EP-D-10-070 (Alion Science and Technology). Although this manuscript was reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. The study was conducted as part of NIEHS grants 5-R01-ES014677-02 and R01 ES016769-01. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 21 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD NOV PY 2014 VL 11 IS 11 BP 11481 EP 11504 DI 10.3390/ijerph111111481 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AU3RT UT WOS:000345532000028 PM 25386953 ER PT J AU Oakes, MM Baxter, LK Duvall, RM Madden, M Xie, MJ Hannigan, MP Peel, JL Pachon, JE Balachandran, S Russell, A Long, TC AF Oakes, Michelle M. Baxter, Lisa K. Duvall, Rachelle M. Madden, Meagan Xie, Mingjie Hannigan, Michael P. Peel, Jennifer L. Pachon, Jorge E. Balachandran, Siv Russell, Armistead Long, Thomas C. TI Comparing Multipollutant Emissions-Based Mobile Source Indicators to Other Single Pollutant and Multipollutant Indicators in Different Urban Areas SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE multipollutant; air pollution; exposure metrics; source apportionment; mobile sources; emissions-based indicators ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AIR-QUALITY MANAGEMENT; SOURCE-APPORTIONMENT; TIME-SERIES; PARTICULATE MATTER; AMBIENT AIR; PM2.5 CHARACTERIZATION; SPECIATION METHODS; MEASUREMENT ERROR AB A variety of single pollutant and multipollutant metrics can be used to represent exposure to traffic pollutant mixtures and evaluate their health effects. Integrated mobile source indicators (IMSIs) that combine air quality concentration and emissions data have recently been developed and evaluated using data from Atlanta, Georgia. IMSIs were found to track trends in traffic-related pollutants and have similar or stronger associations with health outcomes. In the current work, we apply IMSIs for gasoline, diesel and total (gasoline + diesel) vehicles to two other cities (Denver, Colorado and Houston, Texas) with different emissions profiles as well as to a different dataset from Atlanta. We compare spatial and temporal variability of IMSIs to single-pollutant indicators (carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and elemental carbon (EC)) and multipollutant source apportionment factors produced by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). Across cities, PMF-derived and IMSI gasoline metrics were most strongly correlated with CO (r = 0.31-0.98), while multipollutant diesel metrics were most strongly correlated with EC (r = 0.80-0.98). NOx correlations with PMF factors varied across cities (r = 0.29-0.67), while correlations with IMSIs were relatively consistent (r = 0.61-0.94). In general, single-pollutant metrics were more correlated with IMSIs (r = 0.58-0.98) than with PMF-derived factors (r = 0.07-0.99). A spatial analysis indicated that IMSIs were more strongly correlated (r > 0.7) between two sites in each city than single pollutant and PMF factors. These findings provide confidence that IMSIs provide a transferable, simple approach to estimate mobile source air pollution in cities with differing topography and source profiles using readily available data. C1 [Oakes, Michelle M.; Madden, Meagan; Long, Thomas C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Oakes, Michelle M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Baxter, Lisa K.; Duvall, Rachelle M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Xie, Mingjie; Hannigan, Michael P.] Univ Colorado, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Xie, Mingjie] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Peel, Jennifer L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pachon, Jorge E.] La Salle Univ, Program Environm Engn, Bogota, CO USA. [Balachandran, Siv; Russell, Armistead] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Balachandran, Siv] Union Concerned Scientists, Washington, DC 20006 USA. RP Oakes, MM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mmoakes17@gmail.com; baxter.lisa@epa.gov; duvall.rachelle@epa.gov; meagankmadden@gmail.com; mingjie.xie@colorado.edu; hannigan@colorado.edu; jennifer.peel@colostate.edu; jpachon@unisalle.edu.co; siv@gatech.edu; ted.russell@ce.gatech.edu; long.tom@epa.gov FU Research Participation Program in the National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors wish to thank Michael Breen, Steven J. Dutton, Jennifer Richmond-Bryant, Reeder Sams, and John Vandenberg for their helpful comments in review of this manuscript. The authors also wish to thank Alison Eyth and Adam Reff at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for their help retrieving mobile source emissions data. MMO was supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program in the National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Agency. Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 30 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD NOV PY 2014 VL 11 IS 11 BP 11727 EP 11752 DI 10.3390/ijerph111111727 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AU3RT UT WOS:000345532000044 PM 25405595 ER PT J AU Brooks, JR Gibson, JJ Birks, SJ Weber, MH Rodecap, KD Stoddard, JL AF Brooks, J. Renee Gibson, John J. Birks, S. Jean Weber, Marc H. Rodecap, Kent D. Stoddard, John L. TI Stable isotope estimates of evaporation : inflow and water residence time for lakes across the United States as a tool for national lake water quality assessments SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPLANKTON FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; METEORIC PRECIPITATION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; NITROGEN REMOVAL; LAND-USE; RESERVOIRS; HYDROGEN; CLIMATE; BALANCE; CANADA AB We used water delta H-2 and delta O-18 from ca. 1000 lakes sampled in the 2007 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Lakes Assessment (NLA) to assess two hydrological variables-evaporation as a percentage of inflow (E : I) and water residence time (tau) for summer 2007. Using a population survey design, sampled lakes were distributed across the conterminous U.S., and results were scaled to the inference population (similar to 50,000 U.S. lakes). These hydrologic variables were related to lake nutrients and biological condition to illustrate their usefulness in national water quality monitoring efforts. For 50% of lakes, evaporation was, 25% of inflow, with values ranging up to 113% during the 2007 summer. Residence time was, 0.52 yr for half of the lakes and, 1.12 yr for 75% of lakes. Categorizing lakes by flow regime, 66.1% of lakes were flow-though lakes (60% or more of the water flows through the lake, E : I < 0.4), 33.6% were restricted-basin lakes (40% or more of the lake inflow evaporates, 0.4 < E: I < 1), and < 0.3% were closed basin (all water entering the lake leaves through evaporation, E : I > 1). While climate patterns drove some of the spatial patterns of E : I and tau, variation in lake depth and watershed size (influencing precipitation volume) were also significant drivers. Lake hydrochemistry was strongly correlated to E: I and more weakly related to tau. Lakes in poor biological condition (based on a predictive model of planktonic taxa) were significantly more evaporated than lakes in good biological condition. C1 [Brooks, J. Renee; Weber, Marc H.; Rodecap, Kent D.; Stoddard, John L.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Gibson, John J.] Alberta Innovates Technol Futures, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Birks, S. Jean] Alberta Innovates Technol Futures, Calgary, AB, Canada. RP Brooks, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Brooks.ReneeJ@epa.gov OI Brooks, Renee/0000-0002-5008-9774; Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130; Weber, Marc/0000-0002-9742-4744 FU U.S. EPA FX This work was supported by the U.S. EPA. This manuscript has been subjected to the U.S. EPA's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as a U.S. EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 9 U2 44 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 59 IS 6 BP 2150 EP 2165 DI 10.4319/lo.2014.59.6.2150 PG 16 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AU2QK UT WOS:000345462700027 ER PT J AU McDonald, CP Lottig, NR Stoddard, JL Herlihy, AT Lehmann, S Paulsen, SG Peck, DV Pollard, AI Stevenson, RJ AF McDonald, Cory P. Lottig, Noah R. Stoddard, John L. Herlihy, Alan T. Lehmann, Sarah Paulsen, Steven G. Peck, David V. Pollard, Amina I. Stevenson, R. Jan TI Comment on Bachmann et al. (2013): A nonrepresentative sample cannot describe the extent of cultural eutrophication of natural lakes in the United States SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER; ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS C1 [McDonald, Cory P.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. [Lottig, Noah R.] Univ Wisconsin, Trout Lake Res Stn, Boulder Jct, WI USA. [Stoddard, John L.; Paulsen, Steven G.; Peck, David V.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. [Herlihy, Alan T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lehmann, Sarah; Pollard, Amina I.] US EPA, Off Water, Monitoring Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Stevenson, R. Jan] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP McDonald, CP (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. EM Cory.McDonald@wisconsin.gov OI Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130; McDonald, Cory/0000-0002-1208-8471 FU Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the National Science Foundation; North Temperate Lakes Long-Term Ecological Research (Division of Environmental Biology) [DEB-0822700]; MacroSystems Biology program (Emerging Frontiers) [EF1065818] FX We thank the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for making the National Lakes Assessment data freely available, and Roger Bachmann for sharing his working dataset. We acknowledge input provided by Lester Yuan, Steve Carpenter, Tim Kratz, Patricia Soranno, and Emily Stanley on early versions of this manuscript. We also thank Roger Bachmann and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. This work was also supported by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the National Science Foundation, North Temperate Lakes Long-Term Ecological Research (Division of Environmental Biology, DEB-0822700) and MacroSystems Biology program (Emerging Frontiers, EF1065818). NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 59 IS 6 BP 2226 EP 2230 DI 10.4319/lo.2014.59.6.2226 PG 5 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AU2QK UT WOS:000345462700032 ER PT J AU Wu, QS Lane, C Liu, HX AF Wu, Qiusheng Lane, Charles Liu, Hongxing TI An Effective Method for Detecting Potential Woodland Vernal Pools Using High-Resolution LiDAR Data and Aerial Imagery SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE geographically isolated wetlands; seasonal wetlands; depression analysis; Massachusetts ID GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED WETLANDS; SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; WATER INDEX NDWI; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; CONNECTIVITY; DEPRESSIONS; DYNAMICS; MODELS AB Effective conservation of woodland vernal pools-important components of regional amphibian diversity and ecosystem services-depends on locating and mapping these pools accurately. Current methods for identifying potential vernal pools are primarily based on visual interpretation and digitization of aerial photographs, with variable accuracy and low repeatability. In this paper, we present an effective and efficient method for detecting and mapping potential vernal pools using stochastic depression analysis with additional geospatial analysis. Our method was designed to take advantage of high-resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data, which are becoming increasingly available, though not yet frequently employed in vernal pool studies. We successfully detected more than 2000 potential vernal pools in a similar to 150 km(2) study area in eastern Massachusetts. The accuracy assessment in our study indicated that the commission rates ranged from 2.5% to 6.0%, while the proxy omission rate was 8.2%, rates that are much lower than reported errors of previous vernal pool studies conducted in the northeastern United States. One significant advantage of our semi-automated approach for vernal pool identification is that it may reduce inconsistencies and alleviate repeatability concerns associated with manual photointerpretation methods. Another strength of our strategy is that, in addition to detecting the point-based vernal pool locations for the inventory, the boundaries of vernal pools can be extracted as polygon features to characterize their geometric properties, which are not available in the current statewide vernal pool databases in Massachusetts. C1 [Wu, Qiusheng] US EPA, Dynamac Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lane, Charles] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Wu, Qiusheng; Liu, Hongxing] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Wu, QS (reprint author), US EPA, Dynamac Corp, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Wu.Qiusheng@epa.gov; Lane.Charles@epa.gov; Hongxing.Liu@uc.edu RI Wu, Qiusheng/C-7976-2016 OI Wu, Qiusheng/0000-0001-5437-4073 NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 24 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 6 IS 11 BP 11444 EP 11467 DI 10.3390/rs61111444 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AU3RG UT WOS:000345530700053 ER PT J AU Consoer, DM Hoffman, AD Fitzsimmons, PN Kosian, PA Nichols, JW AF Consoer, Daniel M. Hoffman, Alex D. Fitzsimmons, Patrick N. Kosian, Patricia A. Nichols, John W. TI Toxicokinetics of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Perfluoroalkyl acid; Perfluorooctanoate; Rainbow trout; Renal elimination; Tissue distribution; Membrane transporter ID ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER; CHAIN PERFLUORINATED ACIDS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; RENAL EXCRETION; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; EFFLUX TRANSPORTERS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; WINTER FLOUNDER AB Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) confined to respirometer-metabolism chambers were dosed with perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) by intra-arterial (i.a.) injection and sampled to obtain concentration time-course data for plasma, urine, and expired water. The data were then analyzed by compartmental modeling to estimate rates of renal and branchial clearance. Averaged across all animals, the renal clearance rate (1.35 mL/h/kg) was more than ten times greater than the branchial clearance rate (0.12 mL/h/kg). The average whole-body elimination half-life was 12.6 d, which is somewhat longer than values obtained in previous studies with smaller trout. The tissue distribution of PFOA was assessed by collecting tissues at the end of chambered exposures and in a separate tissue time-course experiment. From the time-course study it appeared that an internal steady-state was established within 24 h of i.a. injection. Consistent with previous studies, the rank order of PFOA concentration in tissues at steady state was: plasma > liver> kidney > muscle. In a second set of chambered experiments, fish were exposed to PFOA in water to determine the rate of branchial uptake. Branchial uptake rates were too low to assess directly by measuring PFOA concentrations in inspired and expired water. Uptake rate constants (mean 0.19 L/d/kg; 0.1% uptake efficiency) were therefore estimated by compartmental modeling using plasma concentration time-course data and model parameters derived from the elimination experiments. It is clear from this effort that elimination of PFOA by trout occurs primarily via the renal route. This finding is consistent with numerous studies of mammals and suggests that trout possess membrane transporters that facilitate the movement of PFOA from plasma to urine. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Consoer, Daniel M.; Hoffman, Alex D.; Fitzsimmons, Patrick N.; Kosian, Patricia A.; Nichols, John W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Nichols, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM nichols.john@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 156 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.07.022 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA AT8NO UT WOS:000345190000008 PM 25150511 ER PT J AU Maloney, SK Fuller, A Mitchell, D Gordon, C Overton, JM AF Maloney, Shane K. Fuller, Andrea Mitchell, Duncan Gordon, Christopher Overton, J. Michael TI Translating Animal Model Research: Does It Matter That Our Rodents Are Cold? SO PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIET-INDUCED THERMOGENESIS; BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; LABORATORY MICE; NONSHIVERING THERMOGENESIS; HOUSING TEMPERATURE; CALORIC RESTRICTION; BODY-TEMPERATURE; TRANSGENIC MICE; OLD RATS AB Does it matter that rodents used as preclinical models of human biology are routinely housed below their thermoneutral zone? We compile evidence showing that such rodents are cold-stressed, hypermetabolic, hypertensive, sleep-deprived, obesity-resistant, fever-resistant, aging-resistant, and tumor-prone compared with mice housed at thermoneutrality. The same genotype of mouse has a very different phenotype and response to physiological or pharmacological intervention when raised below or at thermoneutrality. C1 [Maloney, Shane K.; Mitchell, Duncan] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anat Physiol & Human Biol, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Maloney, Shane K.; Fuller, Andrea; Mitchell, Duncan] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Physiol, Brain Funct Res Grp, Parktown, South Africa. [Gordon, Christopher] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Overton, J. Michael] Florida State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Maloney, SK (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Anat Physiol & Human Biol, Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, Australia. OI Fuller, Andrea/0000-0001-6370-8151 NR 66 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1548-9213 EI 1548-9221 J9 PHYSIOLOGY JI Physiology PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 29 IS 6 BP 413 EP 420 DI 10.1152/physiol.00029.2014 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA AT5QB UT WOS:000344996000006 PM 25362635 ER PT J AU Burns, CJ Wright, M Pierson, JB Bateson, TF Burstyn, I Goldstein, DA Klaunig, JE Luben, TJ Mihlan, G Ritter, L Schnatter, AR Symons, JM Yi, KD AF Burns, Carol J. Wright, Michael Pierson, Jennifer B. Bateson, Thomas F. Burstyn, Igor Goldstein, Daniel A. Klaunig, James E. Luben, Thomas J. Mihlan, Gary Ritter, Leonard Schnatter, A. Robert Symons, J. Morel Yi, Kun Don TI Evaluating Uncertainty to Strengthen Epidemiologic Data for Use in Human Health Risk Assessments SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID MATCHED CASE-CONTROL; MEASUREMENT ERROR; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; LUNG-CANCER; MISCLASSIFICATION; FRAMEWORK; BIAS AB Background: There is a recognized ned to improve the application of epidemiologic data in human health risk assessment especially for understanding and characterizing risks from environmental and occupational exposures. Although there is uncertainty associated with the results of most epidemiologic studies, techniques exist to characterize uncertainty that can be applied to improve weight-of-evidence evaluations and risk characterization efforts. Methods: This report derives from a Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) workshop held in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, to discuss the utility of using epidemiologic data in risk assessments, including the use of advanced analytic methods to address sources of uncertainty. Epidemiologists, toxicologists, and risk assessors from academia, government, and industry convened to discuss uncertainty, exposure assessment, and application of analytic methods to address these challenges. Synthesis: Several recommendations emerged to help improve the utility of epidemiologic data in risk assessment. For example, improved characterization of uncertainty is needed to allow risk assessors to quantitatively assess potential sources of bias. Data are needed to facilitate this quantitative analysis, and inter-disciplinary approaches will help ensure that sufficient information is collected for a thorough uncertainty evaluation. Advanced analytic methods and tools such as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and Bayesian statistical techniques can provide important insights and support interpretation of epidemiologic data. Conclusions: The discussions and recommendations from this workshop demonstrate that there are practical steps that the scientific community can adopt to strengthen epidemiologic data for decision making. C1 [Burns, Carol J.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Wright, Michael] US EPA, NCEA, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Pierson, Jennifer B.] ILSI, HESI, Washington, DC USA. [Bateson, Thomas F.] US EPA, NCEA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Burstyn, Igor] Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Goldstein, Daniel A.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO USA. [Klaunig, James E.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Bloomington, IN USA. [Luben, Thomas J.] US EPA, NCEA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Mihlan, Gary] Bayer CropSci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Ritter, Leonard] Univ Guelph, Sch Environm Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Schnatter, A. Robert] ExxonMobil Biomedical Sci Inc, Annandale, NJ USA. [Symons, J. Morel] EI Pont Nemours & Co, Newark, DC USA. [Yi, Kun Don] Syngenta Crop Protect LLC, Greensboro, NC USA. RP Pierson, JB (reprint author), 1156 15th St NW,2nd Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM jpierson@hesiglobal.org FU ILSI-HESI FX This work was conducted under the auspices of the ILSI-HESI Subcommittee on Evaluating Causality in Epidemiologic Studies. HESI is a public, nonprofit foundation whose mission is to engage scientists from academia, government, and industry to identify and resolve global health and environmental issues. HESI receives support primarily from its industry sponsors. Participating organizations from the HESI Epidemiology Subcommittee included Bayer CropScience, DLW Consulting Services LLC, The Dow Chemical Company, Drexel University, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc., Harvard School of Public Health, Indiana University, Monsanto, Procter & Gamble Co., Shell Oil Company, Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, University of Aarhus, University of Guelph, University of Leicester, NCEA/U.S. EPA, and Wake Forest University. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 122 IS 11 BP 1160 EP 1165 DI 10.1289/ehp.1308062 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AT2IZ UT WOS:000344759500016 PM 25079138 ER PT J AU Vinikoor-Imler, LC Owens, EO Nichols, JL Ross, M Brown, JS Sacks, JD AF Vinikoor-Imler, Lisa C. Owens, Elizabeth O. Nichols, Jennifer L. Ross, Mary Brown, James S. Sacks, Jason D. TI Evaluating Potential Response-Modifying Factors for Associations between Ozone and Health Outcomes: A Weight-of-Evidence Approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review ID CASE-CROSSOVER ANALYSIS; INDUCED AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; INDUCED PULMONARY INFLAMMATION; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; INDUCED LUNG INFLAMMATION; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; ASTHMATIC SUBJECTS; MEXICO-CITY; ANTIOXIDANT SUPPLEMENTATION AB Background: Epidemiologic and experimental studies have reported a variety of health effects in response to ozone (O-3) exposure, and some have indicated that certain populations may be at increased or decreased risk of O-3-related health effects. Objectives: We sought to identify potential response-modifying factors to determine whether specific groups of the population or life stages are at increased or decreased risk of O-3-related health effects using a weight-of-evidence approach. Methods: Epidemiologic, experimental, and exposure science studies of potential factors that may modify the relationship between O3 and health effects were identified in U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's 2013 Integrated Science Assessment for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants. Scientific evidence from studies that examined factors that may influence risk were integrated across disciplines to evaluate consistency, coherence, and biological plausibility of effects. The factors identified were then classified using a weight-of-evidence approach to conclude whether a specific factor modified the response of a population or life stage, resulting in an increased or decreased risk of O-3-related health effects. Discussion: We found "adequate" evidence that populations with certain genotypes, preexisting asthma, or reduced intake of certain nutrients, as well as different life stages or outdoor workers, are at increased risk of O-3-related health effects. In addition, we identified other factors (i.e., sex, socioeconomic status, and obesity) for which there was "suggestive" evidence that they may increase the risk of O-3-related health effects. Conclusions: Using a weight-of-evidence approach, we identified a diverse group of factors that should be considered when characterizing the overall risk of health effects associated with exposures to ambient O-3. C1 [Vinikoor-Imler, Lisa C.; Owens, Elizabeth O.; Ross, Mary; Brown, James S.; Sacks, Jason D.] US EPA, NCEA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nichols, Jennifer L.] US EPA, NCEA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Vinikoor-Imler, LC (reprint author), 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM vinikoor-imler.lisa@epa.gov FU National Center of Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA FX This project was supported in part by the appointment of J.L.N. to the Research Participation Program at the National Center of Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy NR 141 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 122 IS 11 BP 1166 EP 1176 DI 10.1289/ehp.1307541 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AT2IZ UT WOS:000344759500017 PM 24927060 ER PT J AU Dionisio, KL Baxter, LK Chang, HH AF Dionisio, Kathie L. Baxter, Lisa K. Chang, Howard H. TI An Empirical Assessment of Exposure Measurement Error and Effect Attenuation in Bipollutant Epidemiologic Models SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; TIME-SERIES; PARTICULATE MATTER; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; ATLANTA; HEALTH; POLLUTANTS; OZONE; QUALITY AB BACKGROUND: Using multipollutant models to understand combined health effects of exposure to multiple pollutants is becoming more common. However, complex relationships between pollutants and differing degrees of exposure error across pollutants can make health effect estimates from multipollutant models difficult to interpret. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to quantify relationships between multiple pollutants and their associated exposure errors across metrics of exposure and to use empirical values to evaluate potential attenuation of coefficients in epidemiologic models. METHODS: We used three daily exposure metrics (central-site measurements, air quality model estimates, and population exposure model estimates) for 193 ZIP codes in the Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan area from 1999 through 2002 for PM2.5 and its components (EC and SO4), as well as O-3, CO, and NOx, to construct three types of exposure error: delta(spatial) (comparing air quality model estimates to central-site measurements), delta(population) (comparing population exposure model estimates to air quality model estimates), and delta(total) (comparing population exposure model estimates to central-site measurements). We compared exposure metrics and exposure errors within and across pollutants and derived attenuation factors (ratio of observed to true coefficient for pollutant of interest) for single- and bipollutant model coefficients. RESULTS: Pollutant concentrations and their exposure errors were moderately to highly correlated (typically, > 0.5), especially for CO, NOx, and EC (i.e., "local" pollutants); correlations differed across exposure metrics and types of exposure error. Spatial variability was evident, with variance of exposure error for local pollutants ranging from 0.25 to 0.83 for delta(spatial) and delta(total). The attenuation of model coefficients in single-and bipollutant epidemiologic models relative to the true value differed across types of exposure error, pollutants, and space. CONCLUSIONS: Under a classical exposure-error framework, attenuation may be substantial for local pollutants as a result of delta(spatial) and delta(total) with true coefficients reduced by a factor typically < 0.6 (results varied for delta(population) and regional pollutants). C1 [Dionisio, Kathie L.; Baxter, Lisa K.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Chang, Howard H.] Emory Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Dionisio, KL (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Code E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dionisio.kathie@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory [CR-83407301-1]; U.S. EPA Clean Air Research Center grant; Georgia Institute of Technology [R834799]; National Institutes of Health [1R21ES022795-01A1] FX The U.S. EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, funded and collaborated in the research described here under cooperative agreement CR-83407301-1 to Emory University, and by a U.S. EPA Clean Air Research Center grant to Emory University and the Georgia Institute of Technology (R834799). This work was also funded by grant 1R21ES022795-01A1 from the National Institutes of Health. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 122 IS 11 BP 1216 EP 1224 DI 10.1289/ehp.1307772 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AT2IZ UT WOS:000344759500023 PM 25003573 ER PT J AU Divi, RL Lindeman, TLE Shockley, ME Keshava, C Weston, A Poirier, MC AF Divi, Rao L. Lindeman, Tracey L. Einem Shockley, Marie E. Keshava, Channa Weston, Ainsley Poirier, Miriam C. TI Correlation between CYP1A1 transcript, protein level, enzyme activity and DNA adduct formation in normal human mammary epithelial cell strains exposed to benzo[a]pyrene SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article ID FED COAL-TAR; BREAST-CANCER; DIOL-EPOXIDE; P450 REDUCTASE; DT-DIAPHORASE; EROD ACTIVITY; RISK; MICE; CYTOCHROME-P450; BIOMARKERS AB The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo(a)pyrene (BP) is thought to bind covalently to DNA, through metabolism by cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and CYP1B1, and other enzymes, to form r7, t8, t9-trihydroxy-c-10-(N (2) -deoxyguanosyl)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-benzo[a]-pyrene (BPdG). Evaluation of RNA expression data, to understand the contribution of different metabolic enzymes to BPdG formation, is typically presented as fold-change observed upon BP exposure, leaving the actual number of RNA transcripts unknown. Here, we have quantified RNA copies/ng cDNA (RNA cpn) for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, as well as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), which may reduce formation of BPdG adducts, using primary normal human mammary epithelial cell (NHMEC) strains, and the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. In unexposed NHMECs, basal RNA cpn values were 58-836 for CYP1A1, 336-5587 for CYP1B1 and 5943-40112 for NQO1. In cells exposed to 4.0 A mu M BP for 12h, RNA cpn values were 251-13234 for CYP1A1, 4133-57078 for CYP1B1 and 4456-55887 for NQO1. There were 3.5 (mean, range 0.2-15.8) BPdG adducts/10(8) nucleotides in the NHMECs (n = 16), and 790 in the MCF-7s. In the NHMECs, BP-induced CYP1A1 RNA cpn was highly associated with BPdG (P = 0.002), but CYP1B1 and NQO1 were not. Western blots of four NHMEC strains, chosen for different levels of BPdG adducts, showed a linear correlation between BPdG and CYP1A1, but not CYP1B1 or NQO1. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, which measures CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 together, correlated with BPdG, but NQO1 activity did not. Despite more numerous levels of CYP1B1 and NQO1 RNA cpn in unexposed and BP-exposed NHMECs and MCF-7cells, BPdG formation was only correlated with induction of CYP1A1 RNA cpn. The higher level of BPdG in MCF-7 cells, compared to NHMECs, may have been due to a much increased induction of CYP1A1 and EROD. Overall, BPdG correlation was observed with CYP1A1 protein and CYP1A1/1B1 enzyme activity, but not with CYP1B1 or NQO1 protein, or NQO1 enzyme activity. C1 [Divi, Rao L.; Lindeman, Tracey L. Einem; Shockley, Marie E.; Poirier, Miriam C.] NCI, Carcinogen DNA Interact Sect, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Keshava, Channa] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Weston, Ainsley] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Poirier, MC (reprint author), NCI, Carcinogen DNA Interact Sect, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM poirierm@exchange.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0267-8357 EI 1464-3804 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD NOV PY 2014 VL 29 IS 6 BP 409 EP 417 DI 10.1093/mutage/geu049 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA AT0KI UT WOS:000344624700003 PM 25245543 ER PT J AU Thybaud, V Van Benthem, J Delrue, N Douglas, GR Lorge, E Lovell, DP Moore, MM Schoeny, R Singer, T AF Thybaud, Veronique Van Benthem, Jan Delrue, Nathalie Douglas, George R. Lorge, Elisabeth Lovell, David P. Moore, Martha M. Schoeny, Rita Singer, Tim TI Revision of OECD guidelines for genotoxicity: current status and next steps SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thybaud, Veronique] Sanofi, Vitry Sur Seine, France. [Van Benthem, Jan] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Delrue, Nathalie] OECD, Paris, France. [Douglas, George R.; Singer, Tim] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Lorge, Elisabeth] Servier Grp, Orleans, France. [Lovell, David P.] Univ London, London WC1E 7HU, England. [Moore, Martha M.] ENVIRON Int Corp, Little Rock, AR USA. [Schoeny, Rita] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0267-8357 EI 1464-3804 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD NOV PY 2014 VL 29 IS 6 BP 517 EP 517 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA AT0KI UT WOS:000344624700075 ER PT J AU Smucker, NJ Detenbeck, NE AF Smucker, Nathan J. Detenbeck, Naomi E. TI Meta-Analysis of Lost Ecosystem Attributes in Urban Streams and the Effectiveness of Out-of-Channel Management Practices SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE algae; biodiversity; ecosystem function; fish; macroinvertebrates; restoration; stormwater; watershed condition ID RIVER RESTORATION SUCCESS; LAND-USE; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; URBANIZATION; LANDSCAPE; RESPONSES; CATCHMENT; FISH; BIODIVERSITY; AUSTRALIA AB Urban development is a leading cause of stream impairment that reduces biodiversity and negatively affects ecosystem processes and habitat. Out-of-stream restoration practices, such as stormwater ponds, created wetlands, and restored riparian vegetation, are increasingly implemented as management strategies to mitigate impacts. However, uncertainty exists regarding how effectively they improve downstream ecosystems because monitoring is uncommon and results are typically reported on a case-by-case basis. We conducted a meta-analysis of literature and used response ratios to quantify how downstream ecosystems change in response to watershed development and to out-of-stream restoration. Biodiversity in unrestored urban streams was 47% less than that in reference streams, and ecological communities, habitat, and rates of nutrient cycling were negatively affected as well. Mean measures of ecosystem attributes in restored streams were significantly greater than, and 156% of, those in unrestored urban streams. Measures of biodiversity in restored streams were 132% of those in unrestored urban streams, and indices of biotic condition, community structure, and nutrient cycling significantly improved. However, ecosystem attributes and biodiversity at restored sites were significantly less than, and only 60% and 45% of, those in reference streams, respectively. Out-of-stream management practices improved ecological conditions in urban streams but still failed to restore reference stream conditions. Despite statistically significant improvements, assessing restoration success remains difficult due to few comparisons to reference sites or to clearly defined targets. These findings can inform future monitoring, management, and development strategies and highlight the need for preventative actions in a watershed context. C1 [Smucker, Nathan J.; Detenbeck, Naomi E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Smucker, NJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM smucker.nathan@epa.gov NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 93 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 22 IS 6 BP 741 EP 748 DI 10.1111/rec.12134 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS8DL UT WOS:000344480300006 ER PT J AU Ranson, M Kousky, C Ruth, M Jantarasami, L Crimmins, A Tarquinio, L AF Ranson, Matthew Kousky, Carolyn Ruth, Matthias Jantarasami, Lesley Crimmins, Allison Tarquinio, Lisa TI Tropical and extratropical cyclone damages under climate change SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID FUTURE CLIMATE; STORM LOSSES; SIMULATIONS; IMPACTS; COSTS; FUND; GCM; US AB This paper provides the first quantitative synthesis of the rapidly growing literature on future tropical and extratropical cyclone damages under climate change. We estimate a probability distribution for the predicted impact of changes in global surface air temperatures on future storm damages, using an ensemble of 478 estimates of the temperature-damage relationship from nineteen studies. Our analysis produces three main empirical results. First, we find strong but not conclusive support for the hypothesis that climate change will cause damages from tropical cyclones and wind storms to increase, with most models predicting higher future storm damages due to climate change. Second, there is substantial variation in projected changes in losses across regions. Potential changes in damages are greatest in the North Atlantic basin, where the multi-model average predicts that a 2.5 A degrees C increase in global surface air temperature would cause hurricane damages to increase by 63 %. The ensemble predictions for Western North Pacific tropical cyclones and European wind storms (extratropical cyclones) are +28 % and +23 %, respectively. Finally, our analysis shows that existing models of storm damages under climate change generate a wide range of predictions, ranging from moderate decreases to very large increases in losses. C1 [Ranson, Matthew; Tarquinio, Lisa] ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kousky, Carolyn] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Ruth, Matthias] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jantarasami, Lesley; Crimmins, Allison] US EPA, Climate Change Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ranson, M (reprint author), ABT Associates Inc, 55 Wheeler St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM matthew_ranson@abtassoc.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Climate Change Division [EP-BPA-12-H-0024] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Climate Change Division (Contract EP-BPA-12-H-0024). The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those of U.S. EPA or Abt Associates. The authors thank Eberhard Faust, James Palardy, Marcus Sarofim, and seminar participants at Abt Associates for helpful suggestions. Any errors are our own responsibility. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD NOV PY 2014 VL 127 IS 2 BP 227 EP 241 DI 10.1007/s10584-014-1255-4 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS6QG UT WOS:000344387000006 ER PT J AU Ankley, GT Jensen, KM AF Ankley, Gerald T. Jensen, Kathleen M. TI A NOVEL FRAMEWORK FOR INTERPRETATION OF DATA FROM THE FISH SHORT-TERM REPRODUCTION ASSAY (FSTRA) FOR THE DETECTION OF ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Endocrine-disrupting chemicals; Fish; Reproduction; Screening; Regulation ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FATHEAD MINNOW; ANDROGEN 17-ALPHA-METHYLTESTOSTERONE; ANTIANDROGEN FLUTAMIDE; SYNTHETIC PROGESTINS; MECHANISTIC BASIS; RECEPTOR AGONIST; LIFE-CYCLE; INHIBITOR; VITELLOGENIN AB The fish short-term reproduction assay (FSTRA) is a key component of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP), which uses a weight-of-evidence analysis based on data from several assays to identify the potential for chemicals to act as agonists or antagonists of the estrogen or androgen receptors (ER and AR), or inhibitors of steroidogenic enzymes. The FSTRA considers a variety of mechanistic and apical responses in 21-d exposures with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), including plasma steroid and vitellogenin (VTG; egg yolk protein) concentrations, secondary sex characteristics, gonad size and histopathology, and egg production. Although the FSTRA initially was described several years ago, recent data generation associated with implementation of the EDSP highlighted the need for more formal guidance regarding evaluation of information from the assay. The authors describe a framework for interpretation of FSTRA data relative to perturbation of endocrine pathways of concern to the EDSP. The framework considers end points individually and as suites of physiologically related responses relative to pathway identification. Sometimes changes in single end points can be highly diagnostic (e.g., induction of VTG in males by ER agonists, production of male secondary sex characteristics in females by AR agonists); in other instances, however, multiple, related end points are needed to reliably assess pathway perturbation (e.g., AR antagonism, steroid synthesis inhibition). In addition to describing an interpretive framework, the authors demonstrate its practical utility using publicly available FSTRA data for a wide range of known and hypothesized endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2529-2540. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc., on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Ankley, Gerald T.; Jensen, Kathleen M.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM ankley.gerald@epa.gov NR 72 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2529 EP 2540 DI 10.1002/etc.2708 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AS3LB UT WOS:000344178100021 PM 25098918 ER PT J AU Sutula, M Green, L Cicchetti, G Detenbeck, N Fong, P AF Sutula, Martha Green, Lauri Cicchetti, Giancarlo Detenbeck, Naomi Fong, Peggy TI Thresholds of Adverse Effects of Macroalgal Abundance and Sediment Organic Matter on Benthic Habitat Quality in Estuarine Intertidal Flats SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Macroalgae; Eutrophication; Thresholds; Sediment profile imaging; Benthic habitat quality; Percent organic carbon; Percent nitrogen ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; ENTEROMORPHA-INTESTINALIS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; PROFILE CAMERA; TROPHIC STATUS; IN-SITU; MATS; GROWTH; BAY; CONSEQUENCES AB Confidence in the use of macroalgae as an indicator of estuarine eutrophication is limited by the lack of quantitative data on the thresholds of its adverse effects on benthic habitat quality. In the present study, we utilized sediment profile imagery (SPI) to identify thresholds of adverse effects of macroalgal biomass, sediment organic carbon (% OC) and sediment nitrogen (% N) concentrations on the apparent Redox Potential Discontinuity (aRPD), the depth that marks the boundary between oxic near-surface sediment and the underlying suboxic or anoxic sediment. At 16 sites in eight California estuaries, SPI, macroalgal biomass, sediment percent fines, % OC, and % N were analyzed at 20 locations along an intertidal transect. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was used to identify step thresholds associated with a transition from "reference" or natural background levels of macroalgae, defined as that range in which no effect on aRPD was detected. Ranges of 3-15 g dw macroalgae m(-2), 0.4-0.7 % OC and 0.05-0.07 % N were identified as transition zones from reference conditions across these estuaries. Piecewise regression analysis was used to identify exhaustion thresholds, defined as a region along the stress-response curve where severe adverse effects occur; levels of 175 g dw macroalgae m(-2), 1.1 % OC and 0.1 % N were identified as thresholds associated with a shallowing of aRPD to near zero depths. As an indicator of ecosystem condition, shallow aRPD has been related to reduced volume and quality for benthic infauna and alteration in community structure. These effects have been linked to reduced availability of forage for fish, birds and other invertebrates, as well as to undesirable changes in biogeochemical cycling. C1 [Sutula, Martha] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Green, Lauri; Fong, Peggy] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Ecol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Cicchetti, Giancarlo; Detenbeck, Naomi] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Sutula, M (reprint author), Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. EM marthas@sccwrp.org RI Fong, Patrick S.W./O-7315-2014 OI Fong, Patrick S.W./0000-0002-2017-5698 FU California State Water Resources Control Board [07-110-250-1] FX Funding for this study was provided through a contract with the California State Water Resources Control Board (07-110-250-1). This study would not have been possible without the hard work and dedication of students and staff from UCLA and SCCWRP, in particular, Courtney Neumann, who performed all of the digital imaging analysis of the SPI photographs, and Caitlin Fong, Sarah Bittick and Greg Lyon, who led field work. The authors also wish to express their gratitude to Becky Schaffner for assistance with map preparation. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD NOV PY 2014 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1532 EP 1548 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9796-3 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AR6WY UT WOS:000343722700016 ER PT J AU Moya, J Phillips, L AF Moya, Jacqueline Phillips, Linda TI A review of soil and dust ingestion studies for children SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MOUTH FREQUENCY DATA; SUPERFUND SITE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; TRACER ELEMENTS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; MASS-BALANCE; LEAD; PICA; EXPOSURE; METAANALYSIS AB Soil and dust ingestion by children may be important pathways of exposure to environmental contaminants. Contaminated soil and dust may end up on children's hands and objects, because they play close to the ground. These contaminants can be ingested by children, because they have a tendency to place objects, including their fingers, in their mouths. Assessing exposure through this pathway requires information about the amount of soil and dust ingested by children. Estimates of soil and dust ingestion and information on the prevalence of the behavior have been published in the literature, but research in this area is generally limited. Three methodologies have been used to quantify soil and dust ingestion rates. In this paper, these are referred to as the tracer element method, the biokinetic model comparison method, and the activity pattern method. This paper discusses the information available on the prevalence of soil and dust ingestion behavior, summarizes the three methodologies for quantifying soil and dust ingestion, and discusses their limitations. Soil ingestion data derived from studies that use these methodologies are also summarized. Although they are based on different estimation approaches, the central tendency estimates of soil and dust ingestion derived from the three methodologies are generally comparable. C1 [Moya, Jacqueline; Phillips, Linda] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Phillips, L (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Mailcode 8623P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM phillips.linda@epa.gov NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 24 IS 6 BP 545 EP 554 DI 10.1038/jes.2014.17 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AS0IJ UT WOS:000343960800001 PM 24691008 ER PT J AU Breen, MS Schultz, BD Sohn, MD Long, T Langstaff, J Williams, R Isaacs, K Meng, QY Stallings, C Smith, L AF Breen, Michael S. Schultz, Bradley D. Sohn, Michael D. Long, Thomas Langstaff, John Williams, Ronald Isaacs, Kristin Meng, Qing Yu Stallings, Casson Smith, Luther TI A review of air exchange rate models for air pollution exposure assessments SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Air exchange rate models; air pollution; exposure assessment; leakage; natural ventilation; mechanical ventilation ID PARTICULATE MATTER; UNITED-STATES; INFILTRATION; OUTDOOR; WIND; TEMPERATURE; BUILDINGS; INDOOR; VENTILATION; POLLUTANTS AB A critical aspect of air pollution exposure assessments is estimation of the air exchange rate (AER) for various buildings where people spend their time. The AER, which is the rate of exchange of indoor air with outdoor air, is an important determinant for entry of outdoor air pollutants and for removal of indoor-emitted air pollutants. This paper presents an overview and critical analysis of the scientific literature on empirical and physically based AER models for residential and commercial buildings; the models highlighted here are feasible for exposure assessments as extensive inputs are not required. Models are included for the three types of airflows that can occur across building envelopes: leakage, natural ventilation, and mechanical ventilation. Guidance is provided to select the preferable AER model based on available data, desired temporal resolution, types of airflows, and types of buildings included in the exposure assessment. For exposure assessments with some limited building leakage or AER measurements, strategies are described to reduce AER model uncertainty. This review will facilitate the selection of AER models in support of air pollution exposure assessments. C1 [Breen, Michael S.; Schultz, Bradley D.; Williams, Ronald; Isaacs, Kristin] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sohn, Michael D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Energy Anal & Environm Impacts, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Long, Thomas] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessments, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Langstaff, John] US EPA, Off Air Qual & Planning Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Meng, Qing Yu] UMDNJ Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Stallings, Casson; Smith, Luther] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Breen, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Exposure Modeling Res Branch,Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM breen.michael@epa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Jennifer Richmond-Bryant and Vito Ilacqua for review comments and helpful suggestions. Although the manuscript was reviewed by the US Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Michael Sohn performed this work under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 33 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 24 IS 6 BP 555 EP 563 DI 10.1038/jes.2013.30 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AS0IJ UT WOS:000343960800002 PM 23715084 ER PT J AU Xue, J Liu, SV Zartarian, VG Geller, AM Schultz, BD AF Xue, Jianping Liu, Shi V. Zartarian, Valerie G. Geller, Andrew M. Schultz, Bradley D. TI Analysis of NHANES measured blood PCBs in the general US population and application of SHEDS model to identify key exposure factors SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PCBs; NHANES; SHEDS; dietary exposure; exposure modeling; biomonitoring ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL LEVELS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; GREAT-LAKES; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; NONDIABETIC ADULTS; FISH CONSUMPTION; TEMPORAL TRENDS; CHILDREN; DISEASE; MICHIGAN AB Studies have shown that the US population continues to be exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), despite their ban more than three decades ago, but the reasons are not fully understood. The objectives of this paper are to characterize patterns of PCBs in blood by age, gender, and ethnicity, and identify major exposure factors. EPA's Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation (SHEDS)-dietary exposure model was applied, combining fish tissue PCB levels from a NYC Asian Market survey with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dietary consumption data, and then linked with blood biomarkers for the same NHANES study subjects. Results reveal that the mean concentration of total PCBs in blood was higher with increasing age; however, for the same age, gender, and ethnicity, the blood PCB concentrations measured in the later NHANES survey were significantly lower than those in the earlier one. The decrease within an age group between the two survey periods lessened with increasing age. Blood PCBs among different ethnicities ranked differently between the older and the younger age groups within each survey. Non-Hispanic Blacks had significantly higher blood PCBs for the >30 year age group. For the 12 to <= 30 year age group, the "Asian, Pacific Islander, Native American or multiracial" group had the highest values, with patterns fairly consistent with fish consumption and modeled PCB exposure patterns. We conclude that for younger people, patterns correspond to reduced environmental contamination over time, and are strongly associated with fish consumption and dietary exposures. Higher PCB concentrations in blood of the older population may partially reflect past exposures to higher environmental PCB concentrations, particularly before the ban. C1 [Xue, Jianping; Liu, Shi V.; Zartarian, Valerie G.; Geller, Andrew M.; Schultz, Bradley D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Xue, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, NC, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Xue.jianping@epa.gov; Liu.Shi@epa.gov NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 24 IS 6 BP 615 EP 621 DI 10.1038/jes.2013.91 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AS0IJ UT WOS:000343960800010 PM 24424407 ER PT J AU Varughese, EA Bennett-Stamper, CL Wymer, LJ Yadav, JS AF Varughese, Eunice A. Bennett-Stamper, Christina L. Wymer, Larry J. Yadav, Jagjit S. TI A new in vitro model using small intestinal epithelial cells to enhance infection of Cryptosporidium parvum SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvum; FHs 74 Int; In vitro; Excystation; Infection; Parasite ID IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ASSAY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; OOCYSTS; CULTURE; VIABILITY; EXCYSTATION; BIOLOGY; LINES; INACTIVATION; CULTIVATION AB To better understand and study the infection of the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum, a more sensitive in vitro assay is required. In vivo, this parasite infects the epithelial cells of the microvilli layer in the small intestine. While cell infection models using colon, kidney, and stomach cells have been studied to understand the infectivity potential of the oocysts, an ideal in vitro model would be readily-available, human-derived, and originating from the small intestine. In this study, we developed a reproducible, quantitative infection model using a non-carcinoma, human small intestinal epithelial cell type, named FHs 74 Int. Our results show that FHs 74 Int cells are productively infected by viable oocysts, and exhibit higher levels of infection susceptibility compared to other cell types. Moreover, infection rate of the sporozoites on the monolayer was found to be comparable or better than other cell types. We furthermore demonstrate that infection can be improved by 65% when pre-treated oocysts are directly inoculated on cells, compared to inoculation of excysted sporozoites on cells. Identification of a better infection model, which captures the preferred site of infection in humans, will facilitate studies on the host pathogenesis mechanisms of this important parasitic human pathogen. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Varughese, Eunice A.; Yadav, Jagjit S.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Div Environm Genet & Mol Toxicol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Varughese, Eunice A.; Wymer, Larry J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Bennett-Stamper, Christina L.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varughese, EA (reprint author), US EPA, AWBERC, 26 W Martin Luther King,MS 587, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varughese.eunice@epa.gov; jagjit.yadav@uc.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The research was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 EI 1872-8359 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD NOV PY 2014 VL 106 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.07.017 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA AR1PX UT WOS:000343358200008 PM 25072838 ER PT J AU Bateson, TF AF Bateson, Thomas F. TI Analysing health data from rare occupational cohorts SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SHORT-TERM; MORTALITY EXPERIENCE; WORKERS; EXPOSURE C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Bateson, TF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bateson.thomas@epa.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 EI 1470-7926 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 71 IS 11 BP 742 EP 743 DI 10.1136/oemed-2014-102298 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AR6CX UT WOS:000343671800002 PM 25165396 ER PT J AU Boethling, R AF Boethling, Robert TI Comparison of ready biodegradation estimation methods for fragrance materials SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Fragrance; Ready biodegradation; Estimation; Biowin (c); QSAR; VEGA (c) ID AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; ALIPHATIC ACIDS; MODELS; PREDICTION; POLLUTANTS; HAZARD AB Biodegradability is fundamental to the assessment of environmental exposure and risk from organic chemicals. Predictive models can be used to pursue both regulatory and chemical design (green chemistry) objectives, which are most effectively met when models are easy to use and available free of charge. The objective of this work was to evaluate no-cost estimation programs with respect to prediction of ready biodegradability. Fragrance materials, which are structurally diverse and have significant exposure potential, were used for this purpose. Using a database of 222 fragrance compounds with measured ready biodegradability, 10 models were compared on the basis of overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), a measure of quality for binary classification. The 10 models were VEGA(C) Non-Interactive Client, START (Toxtree(C)), Biowin(C)1-6, and two models based on inductive machine learning. Applicability domain (AD) was also considered. Overall accuracy was ca. 70% and varied little over all models, but sensitivity, specificity and MCC showed wider variation. Based on MCC, the best models for fragrance compounds were Biowin6, VEGA and Biowin3. VEGA performance was slightly better for the <50% of the compounds it identified as having "high reliability" predictions (AD index >0.8). However, removing compounds with one and only one quaternary carbon yielded similar improvement in predictivity for VEGA, START, and Biowin3/6, with a smaller penalty in reduced coverage. Of the nine compounds for which the eight models (VEGA, START, Biowin1-6) all disagreed with the measured value, measured analog data were available for seven, and all supported the predicted value. VEGA, Biowin3 and Biowin6 are judged suitable for ready biodegradability screening of fragrance compounds. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Boethling, Robert] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Boethling, R (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Robert_Boethling@abtassoc.com NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 497 BP 60 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.090 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR5GM UT WOS:000343613100007 PM 25119791 ER PT J AU Heaney, CD Exum, NG Dufour, AP Brenner, KP Haugland, RA Chern, E Schwab, KJ Love, DC Serre, ML Noble, R Wade, TJ AF Heaney, Christopher D. Exum, Natalie G. Dufour, Alfred P. Brenner, Kristen P. Haugland, Richard A. Chern, Eunice Schwab, Kellogg J. Love, David C. Serre, Marc L. Noble, Rachel Wade, Timothy J. TI Water quality, weather and environmental factors associated with fecal indicator organism density in beach sand at two recreational marine beaches SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Beach sand; Water quality; Rainfall; Fecal pollution; Enterococci; qPCR ID NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LAKE-MICHIGAN; HUNTINGTON-BEACH; SUBTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; TEMPORAL VARIATION; NEARSHORE WATER; COASTAL WATERS AB Recent studies showing an association between fecal indicator organisms (FIOs) in sand and gastrointestinal (GI) illness among beachgoers with sand contact have important public health implications because of the large numbers of people who recreate at beaches and engage in sand contact activities. Yet, factors that influence fecal pollution in beach sand remain unclear. During the 2007 National Epidemiological and Environmental Assessment of Recreational (NEEAR) Water Study, sand samples were collected at three locations (60 m apart) on weekend days (Sat, Sun) and holidays between June and September at two marine beaches - Fairhope Beach, AL and Goddard Beach, RI - with nearby publicly-owned treatment works (POTWs) outfalls. F+ coliphage, enterococci, Bacteroidales, fecal Bacteroides spp., and Clostridium spp. were measured in sand using culture and qPCR-based calibrator-cell equivalent methods. Water samples were also collected on the same days, times and transects as the 144 sand samples and were assayed using the same FIO measurements. Weather and environmental data were collected at the time of sample collection. Mean FIO concentrations in sand varied over time, but not space. Enterococci CPU and CCE densities in sand were not correlated, although other FIOs in sand were. The strongest correlation between FIO density in sand and water was fecal Bacteroides CCE, followed by enterococci CPU, Clostridium spp. CCE, and Bacteroidales CCE. Overall, the factors associated with FIO concentrations in sand were related to the sand-water interface (i.e., sand-wetting) and included daily average densities of FIOs in water, rainfall, and wave height Targeted monitoring that focuses on daily trends of sand FIO variability, combined with information about specific water quality, weather, and environmental factors may inform beach monitoring and management decisions to reduce microbial burdens in beach sand. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Heaney, Christopher D.; Exum, Natalie G.; Schwab, Kellogg J.; Love, David C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Heaney, Christopher D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Wade, Timothy J.] US EPA, Epidemiol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dufour, Alfred P.; Brenner, Kristen P.; Haugland, Richard A.; Chern, Eunice] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Serre, Marc L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Noble, Rachel] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Heaney, CD (reprint author), Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM cheaney@jhsph.edu OI serre, marc/0000-0003-3145-4024 FU University of North Carolina, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Training in Environmental Sciences Research EPA [CR83323601]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences at the UNC Department of Biostatistics [T32 ES007018]; W.K. Kellogg Health Scholar-Community Track at the UNC Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship in Water, Climate and Health [1069213]; Osprey Foundation of Maryland [1602030014] FX The authors thank Mark Sobsey for the use of his laboratory to perform sand analyses and the provision of E. coli Famp host bacteria. We thank Elizabeth Hilborn at EPA for reviewing the manuscript. CDH designed and performed laboratory experiments, took part in field sampling efforts, performed statistical analyses, and wrote and edited the manuscript. DCL advised and assisted in coliphage methods development and edited the manuscript. CDH, TW, ES, AD, KB, RH, LW and EC designed and implemented the field data collection efforts. KB, RH, EC and AD designed testing protocols for FIB. TW provided consultation on statistical modeling. CDH received support through the University of North Carolina, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Training in Environmental Sciences Research EPA CR83323601, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences environmental epidemiology training grant (T32 ES007018) at the UNC Department of Biostatistics, and W.K. Kellogg Health Scholar-Community Track at the UNC Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. KS advised and edited the manuscript. NGE received support through the National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship in Water, Climate and Health (award ID 1069213) and the Osprey Foundation of Maryland (award ID 1602030014). NR 60 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 497 BP 440 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.113 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR5GM UT WOS:000343613100046 PM 25150738 ER PT J AU Wang, DX Hu, JL Xu, Y Lv, D Xie, XY Kleeman, M Xing, J Zhang, HL Ying, Q AF Wang, Dexiang Hu, Jianlin Xu, Yong Lv, Di Xie, Xiaoyang Kleeman, Michael Xing, Jia Zhang, Hongliang Ying, Qi TI Source contributions to primary and secondary inorganic particulate matter during a severe wintertime PM2.5 pollution episode in Xi'an, China SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Xi'an; Source apportionment; Particulate matter; WRF/CMAQ; EDGAR ID PEARL RIVER DELTA; AIR-QUALITY MODEL; ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; SOUTHEAST TEXAS; WRF/CHEM MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PM10; CALIFORNIA AB Average PM2.5 concentrations of similar to 250 mu g m(-3) and peak concentrations of similar to 500 mu g m(-3) were observed in Xi'an, the largest city in Northwest China during an extreme event in January 2013. The source-oriented versions of the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model with anthropogenic emissions from Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) were used to study the source contributions of six different source categories including energy production, industries, transportation, residential activities, "other" (agriculture, biomass, waste burning, and biogenic sources), and windblown dust to primary and secondary inorganic PM2.5 (nitrate and sulfate) during this episode. The model generally captured the variation and magnitude of PM2.5 concentrations at monitoring sites. The monthly average concentration of the predicted PM2.5 in Xi'an was >200 mu g m(-3), comparing favorably with the measurement of similar to 250 mu g m(-3). Predicted concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), organic aerosol (OA), sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium were 6, 35, 18, 22, and 12 mu g m(-3), respectively. Chemically unresolved PM2.5 components (PM2.5 Other) were similar to 80 mu g m(-3). Industries and residential activities dominated EC, organic carbon (OC) and PM2.5 Other, contributing 85%, 95%, and 83%, respectively. Energy production (mainly coal combustion) was the dominating source for secondary nitrate, contributing 46%. Other local and upwind sources were also important, contributing 43% and 11% of total nitrate, respectively. Primary sulfate was similar to 10 mu g m(-3) in vicinity surrounding point sources. Secondary sulfate from upwind sources was also important with concentrations of similar to 4-5 mu g m(-3). Secondary sulfate formed by SO2 emitted from local sources was dominated by energy production. Based on the contributions of different sources to primary components and secondary nitrate and sulfate, the contributions of different sources to PM2.5 total mass in Xi'an during the extremely polluted months are: energy 5%, industries 58%, transportation 2%, residential activities 16%, dust 4%, and other (including other components, inexplicit sources, and upwind sources) 15%. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Dexiang; Xu, Yong; Lv, Di; Xie, Xiaoyang] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Hu, Jianlin; Kleeman, Michael; Zhang, Hongliang] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Xing, Jia] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhang, Hongliang] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Ying, Qi] Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Zhang, HL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM tamzhang@ucdavis.edu; qying@civil.tamu.edu RI xing, jia/O-1784-2014; Zhang, Hongliang/C-2499-2012; Hu, Jianlin/C-2023-2014 OI Hu, Jianlin/0000-0001-7709-439X FU '948' project from the State Forestry Administration of China [2013-4-56] FX This study is supported by the '948' project from the State Forestry Administration of China (grant #2013-4-56). The authors thank the Texas A&M Supercomputing Facility (http://sc.tamu.edu) and the Texas Advanced Computing Center (http://www.tacc.utexas.edu/) for providing computing resources. NR 66 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 10 U2 136 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 97 SI SI BP 182 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.020 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AR1HQ UT WOS:000343336700022 ER PT J AU Schulte, N Snyder, M Isakov, V Heist, D Venkatram, A AF Schulte, Nico Snyder, Michelle Isakov, Vlad Heist, David Venkatram, Akula TI Effects of solid barriers on dispersion of roadway emissions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Barrier; Air quality; Dispersion modeling; Roadway; Line source ID NOISE BARRIERS; AIR-QUALITY; POLLUTION; PARTICLES AB Several studies have found that exposure to traffic-generated air pollution is associated with several adverse health effects. Field studies, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations indicate that roadside barriers represent a practical method of mitigating the impact of vehicle emissions because near road concentrations are significantly reduced downwind of a barrier relative to concentrations in the absence of a barrier. These studies also show that the major effects of barriers on concentrations are: 1) the concentration is well mixed over a height roughly proportional to the barrier height, and this effect persists over several barrier heights downwind, 2) the turbulence that spreads the plume vertically is increased downwind of the barrier, 3) the pollutant is lofted above the top of the barrier. This paper ties these effects together using two semi-empirical dispersion models. These models provide good descriptions of concentrations measured in a wind tunnel study and a tracer field study. Their performance is best during neutral and stable conditions. The models overestimate concentrations near the barrier during unstable conditions. We illustrate an application of these models by estimating the effect of barrier height on concentrations during neutral, stable, and unstable conditions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schulte, Nico; Venkatram, Akula] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Snyder, Michelle; Isakov, Vlad; Heist, David] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Venkatram, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM venky@engr.ucr.edu FU South Coast Air Quality Management District FX We thank the South Coast Air Quality Management District for funding this research and the U.S. EPA for providing the wind tunnel and Idaho Falls data. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 97 SI SI BP 286 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.026 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AR1HQ UT WOS:000343336700031 ER PT J AU Sinsabaugh, RL Belnap, J Findlay, SG Shah, JJF Hill, BH Kuehn, KA Kuske, CR Litvak, ME Martinez, NG Moorhead, DL Warnock, DD AF Sinsabaugh, Robert L. Belnap, Jayne Findlay, Stuart G. Shah, Jennifer J. Follstad Hill, Brian H. Kuehn, Kevin A. Kuske, Cheryl R. Litvak, Marcy E. Martinez, Noelle G. Moorhead, Daryl L. Warnock, Daniel D. TI Extracellular enzyme kinetics scale with resource availability SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ecological stoichiometry; Extracellular enzymes; Enzyme kinetics; Microbial community; Microbial metabolism ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON-MONOXIDE CONSUMPTION; METHANE-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; ECOENZYMATIC STOICHIOMETRY; RIVERINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; EXOPROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY; THEORETICAL-MODEL; TROPHIC GRADIENT; SIZE FRACTIONS AB Microbial community metabolism relies on external digestion, mediated by extracellular enzymes that break down complex organic matter into molecules small enough for cells to assimilate. We analyzed the kinetics of 40 extracellular enzymes that mediate the degradation and assimilation of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus by diverse aquatic and terrestrial microbial communities (1160 cases). Regression analyses were conducted by habitat (aquatic and terrestrial), enzyme class (hydrolases and oxidoreductases) and assay methodology (low affinity and high affinity substrates) to relate potential reaction rates to substrate availability. Across enzyme classes and habitats, the scaling relationships between apparent V-max and apparent K-m followed similar power laws with exponents of 0.44 to 0.67. These exponents, called elasticities, were not statistically distinct from a central value of 0.50, which occurs when the K-m of an enzyme equals substrate concentration, a condition optimal for maintenance of steady state. We also conducted an ecosystem scale analysis of ten extracellular hydrolase activities in relation to soil and sediment organic carbon (2,000-5,000 cases/enzyme) that yielded elasticities near 1.0 (0.9 +/- A 0.2, n = 36). At the metabolomic scale, the elasticity of extracellular enzymatic reactions is the proportionality constant that connects the C:N:P stoichiometries of organic matter and ecoenzymatic activities. At the ecosystem scale, the elasticity of extracellular enzymatic reactions shows that organic matter ultimately limits effective enzyme binding sites. Our findings suggest that one mechanism by which microbial communities maintain homeostasis is regulating extracellular enzyme expression to optimize the short-term responsiveness of substrate acquisition. The analyses also show that, like elemental stoichiometry, the fundamental attributes of enzymatic reactions can be extrapolated from biochemical to community and ecosystem scales. C1 [Sinsabaugh, Robert L.; Litvak, Marcy E.; Martinez, Noelle G.; Warnock, Daniel D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Findlay, Stuart G.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Shah, Jennifer J. Follstad] Utah State Univ, Watershed Sci Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hill, Brian H.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Kuehn, Kevin A.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Kuske, Cheryl R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Moorhead, Daryl L.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Sinsabaugh, RL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM rlsinsab@unm.edu FU NSF Ecosystem Sciences program [DEB-0918718]; Sevilleta LTER Program; NSF [DEB-0315686, DBI-0420965, DBI-0521018]; Michigan Sea Grant College Program under NOAA [NA76RG0133]; DOE BER Science Focus Area grant; DOE BER [DE-SC0008088] FX RLS acknowledges support from the NSF Ecosystem Sciences program (DEB-0918718) and the Sevilleta LTER Program. KAK acknowledges support from NSF (DEB-0315686, DBI-0420965, DBI-0521018) and the Michigan Sea Grant College Program (NA76RG0133) under NOAA. CRK acknowledges support from a DOE BER Science Focus Area grant. MEL and RLS acknowledge support from DOE BER Grant number DE-SC0008088. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 94 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 22 U2 123 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2014 VL 121 IS 2 BP 287 EP 304 DI 10.1007/s10533-014-0030-y PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AQ9BL UT WOS:000343135800001 ER PT J AU Fisher, WS Fore, LS Oliver, LM Lobue, C Quarles, R Campbell, J Harris, P Hemmer, B Vickery, S Parsons, M Hutchins, A Bernier, K Rodriguez, D Bradley, P AF Fisher, William S. Fore, Leska S. Oliver, Leah M. Lobue, Charles Quarles, Robert Campbell, Jed Harris, Peggy Hemmer, Becky Vickery, Sherry Parsons, Mel Hutchins, Aaron Bernier, Kent Rodriguez, Danny Bradley, Patricia TI Regional status assessment of stony corals in the US Virgin Islands SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Stony coral condition; Reef assessments; Regulatory protection; Clean Water Act; Biological criteria; Biocriteria; Probability-based sampling ID REEF FISH COMMUNITIES; COLONY SURFACE-AREA; CLEAN-WATER-ACT; ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; NATURAL-RESOURCES; BASE-LINES; ATTRIBUTES; MANAGEMENT; IMPACT AB States may protect coral reefs using biological water quality standards outlined by the Clean Water Act. This requires biological assessments with indicators sensitive to human disturbance and regional, probability-based survey designs. Stony coral condition was characterized on a regional scale for the first time in the nearshore waters of the US Virgin Islands (USVI). Coral composition, abundance, size, and health were assessed at 66 stations in the St. Croix region in fall 2007 and at 63 stations in the St. Thomas and St. John region in winter 2009. Indicators were chosen for their sensitivity to human disturbance. Both surveys were probability-based (random) designs with station locations preselected from areas covered by hardbottom and coral reef substrate. Taxa richness was as high as 21 species but more than half the area of both regions exhibited taxa richness of < 10 species in the 25 m(2) transect area. Coral density was as high as 5 colonies m(-2) but more than half the area of both regions had < 2 colonies m(-2). Both regions showed similar dominant species based on frequency of occurrence and relative abundance. Because of large colony sizes, Montastrea annularis provided more total surface area and live surface area than more abundant species. The surveys establish baseline regional conditions and provide a foundation for long-term regional monitoring envisioned by the USVI Department of Planning and Natural Resources. The probabilistic sampling design assures the data can be used in Clean Water Act reporting. C1 [Fisher, William S.; Oliver, Leah M.; Quarles, Robert; Campbell, Jed; Harris, Peggy; Hemmer, Becky; Vickery, Sherry] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Fore, Leska S.] Stat Design, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. [Lobue, Charles] US EPA, New York, NY 10007 USA. [Parsons, Mel] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Hutchins, Aaron; Bernier, Kent] USVI Dept Planning & Nat Resources, Frederiksted, VI 00840 USA. [Rodriguez, Danny] US EPA, Vieques, PR 00765 USA. [Bradley, Patricia] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Fisher, WS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM fisher.william@epa.gov FU Safe and Sustainable Waters Research Program of US EPA Office of Research and Development [ORD-006591] FX The EPA Coral Reef Assessment Team is grateful for the vision, support, and commitment of Kennard Potts (EPA Office of Water) for advancing the development of coral reef biocriteria. We also recognize the efforts of many coworkers and divers on the USVI surveys, including Alan Humphrey, Dan Cooke, Richard Henry, John McBurney, Scott Grossman, Heidi Bell, Valerie Chan, Alexandra Holocek, Jeanne Brown, and the captain and crew of EPA's Ocean Survey Vessel BOLD. Dr. Pamela Hallock-Muller (University of South Florida) provided analyses of Foraminiferal assemblages, and we appreciate the collaboration of USVI Department of Planning and Resources, particularly the efforts of Anita Nibbs and Dr. Norrine Noorhasen. This research was supported through the Safe and Sustainable Waters Research Program of US EPA Office of Research and Development (contribution ORD-006591). NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 186 IS 11 BP 7165 EP 7181 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-3918-z PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ8CU UT WOS:000343051400014 PM 25052328 ER PT J AU Shin, HH Fann, N Burnett, RT Cohen, A Hubbell, BJ AF Shin, Hwashin H. Fann, Neal Burnett, Richard T. Cohen, Aaron Hubbell, Bryan J. TI Outdoor Fine Particles and Nonfatal Strokes Systematic Review and Meta-analysis SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; GLOBAL BURDEN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; RISK-ASSESSMENT AB Background: Epidemiologic studies find that long-and short-term exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. However, few systematic reviews or meta-analyses have synthesized these results. Methods: We reviewed epidemiologic studies that estimated the risks of nonfatal strokes attributable to ambient PM2.5. To pool risks among studies we used a random-effects model and 2 Bayesian approaches. The first Bayesian approach assumes a normal prior that allows risks to be zero, positive or negative. The second assumes a gamma prior, where risks can only be positive. This second approach is proposed when the number of studies pooled is small, and there is toxicological or clinical literature to support a causal relation. Results: We identified 20 studies suitable for quantitative meta-analysis. Evidence for publication bias is limited. The frequentist meta-analysis produced pooled risk ratios of 1.06 (95% confidence interval = 1.00-1.13) and 1.007 (1.003-1.010) for long-and short-term effects, respectively. The Bayesian meta-analysis found a posterior mean risk ratio of 1.08 (95% posterior interval = 0.96-1.26) and 1.008 (1.003-1.013) from a normal prior, and of 1.05 (1.02-1.10) and 1.008 (1.004-1.013) from a gamma prior, for long-and short-term effects, respectively, per 10 mu g/m(3) PM2.5. Conclusions: Sufficient evidence exists to develop a concentration-response relation for short-and long-term exposures to PM2.5 and stroke incidence. Long-term exposures to PM2.5 result in a higher risk ratio than short-term exposures, regardless of the pooling method. The evidence for short-term PM2.5-related ischemic stroke is especially strong. C1 [Shin, Hwashin H.; Burnett, Richard T.] Hlth Canada, Environm Hlth Sci & Res Bur, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Shin, Hwashin H.] Queens Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Fann, Neal; Hubbell, Bryan J.] US EPA, Hlth & Environm Impacts Div, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cohen, Aaron] Hlth Effects Inst, Boston, MA USA. RP Fann, N (reprint author), US EPA, Hlth & Environm Impacts Div, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, C504-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM fann.neal@epa.gov OI Fann, Neal/0000-0002-6724-8575 NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 24 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 EI 1531-5487 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2014 VL 25 IS 6 BP 835 EP 842 DI 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000162 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AQ8XJ UT WOS:000343122000008 PM 25188557 ER PT J AU Beck, MW Tomcko, CM Valley, RD Staples, DF AF Beck, Marcus W. Tomcko, Cynthia M. Valley, Ray D. Staples, David F. TI Analysis of macrophyte indicator variation as a function of sampling, temporal, and stressor effects SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Climate; Development; Lake monitoring; Macrophytes; Power; Variation ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES; MINNESOTA LAKES; EUROPEAN LAKES; INDEX; PERFORMANCE AB Biological indicators that signal changes in lake condition are essential tools for guiding resource management decisions. Macrophyte-based indicators have traditionally been selected and evaluated in the context of nutrient-based stressors, although the need to evaluate indicators that are sensitive to climate stressors has been increasingly relevant. Moreover, indicators should ideally exhibit minimal sampling variation and have low natural temporal variation so there is high power to detect changes in the mean value over time. Eight macrophyte indicators were estimated in 23 Minnesota (USA) lakes using four years of repeated surveys to estimate sampling and temporal variation, response to development (phosphorus concentration) and climate stress (annual growing degree days), and power to detect significant change at various annual sampling intervals. Indicators included a macrophyte index of biotic integrity, floristic quality index, maximum depth of growth, total species richness, common species richness, mean richness, and frequency occurrence of rooted species and Chara sp. Overall, regression and smoothed additive models indicated significant relationships of indicators to total lake phosphorus and mean annual growing degree days. The macrophyte index of biotic integrity, floristic quality index, and the frequency rooted species had minimal sampling variation in this study, were responsive to development or climate stress, and had low annual variation (coefficients of variation 0.08, 0.10, and 0.19, respectively) resulting in high to moderate power (>50%) for detecting significant change over a 20 year period. Results from these analyses will facilitate the use of precise and powerful indicators that respond to stressors that are of concern for the management of freshwater glacial lakes. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Beck, Marcus W.] Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Grad Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Tomcko, Cynthia M.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Valley, Ray D.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Fisheries & Wildlife, St Paul, MN 55744 USA. [Staples, David F.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA. RP Beck, MW (reprint author), US EPA, ORISE Res Participat Program, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM beck.marcus@epa.gov; cindy.tomcko@state.mn.us; ray.valley@navico.com; david.staples@state.mn.us NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 46 BP 323 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.07.002 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ2YO UT WOS:000342656100034 ER PT J AU Garrison, AW Cyterski, M Roberts, KD Burdette, D Williamson, J Avants, JK AF Garrison, A. W. Cyterski, M. Roberts, K. D. Burdette, D. Williamson, J. Avants, J. K. TI Occurrences and fate of DDT principal isomers/metabolites, DDA, and o,p '-DDD enantiomers in fish, sediment and water at a DDT-impacted superfund site SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE DDT; DDD; DDT/fish/sediment/water; o,p '-DDD EF; DDA ID ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; SOUTH CHINA; BIS(CHLOROPHENYL)ACETIC ACID; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; RIVER DELTA; RESIDUES; SOILS; METABOLITES; CONTAMINANTS AB f In the 1950s and 60s, discharges from a DDT manufacturing plant contaminated a tributary system of the Tennessee River near Huntsville, Alabama, USA. Regulatory action resulted in declaring the area a Superfund site which required remediation and extensive monitoring. Monitoring data collected from 1988, after remediation, through 2011 showed annual decreases approximating first-order decay in concentrations of total DDT and its six principal congeners (p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE and o,p'-DDE) in filets from three species of fish. As of 2013, these concentrations met the regulatory requirements of 5 mg/kg or less total DDT for each fish tested. The enantiomer fractions (EF) of chiral o,p'-DDD in smallmouth buffalo and channel catfish were always below 0.5, indicating preferential decay of the (+)-enantiomer of this congener; this EF did not change significantly over 15 years. The often-neglected DDT metabolite p,p'-DDA was found at a concentration of about 20 mu g/l in the ecosystem water. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Garrison, A. W.; Cyterski, M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Roberts, K. D.] Olin Corp, Environm Remediat Grp, Cleveland, TN 37323 USA. [Burdette, D.; Williamson, J.] US EPA, Sci & Ecosyst Support Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Avants, J. K.] US EPA, Senior Serv Amer, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Garrison, AW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM garrison.wayne@epa.gov NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 194 BP 224 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.07.025 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ1GV UT WOS:000342530800028 PM 25150505 ER PT J AU Magnuson, M Ernst, H Griggs, J Fitz-James, S Mapp, L Mullins, M Nichols, T Shah, S Smith, T Hedrick, E AF Magnuson, Matthew Ernst, Hiba Griggs, John Fitz-James, Schatzi Mapp, Latisha Mullins, Marissa Nichols, Tonya Shah, Sanjiv Smith, Terry Hedrick, Elizabeth TI Analysis of environmental contamination resulting from catastrophic incidents: Part 1. Building and sustaining capacity in laboratory networks SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Catastrophe; Environmental analysis; Laboratory networks; Laboratory capacity; Resilience; Sustainability ID SECURITY; RISK AB Catastrophic incidents, such as natural disasters, terrorist attacks, and industrial accidents, can occur suddenly and have high impact. However, they often occur at such a low frequency and in unpredictable locations that planning for the management of the consequences of a catastrophe can be difficult. For those catastrophes that result in the release of contaminants, the ability to analyze environmental samples is critical and contributes to the resilience of affected communities. Analyses of environmental samples are needed to make appropriate decisions about the course of action to restore the area affected by the contamination. Environmental samples range from soil, water, and air to vegetation, building materials, and debris. In addition, processes used to decontaminate any of these matrices may also generate wastewater and other materials that require analyses to determine the best course for proper disposal. This paper summarizes activities and programs the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has implemented to ensure capability and capacity for the analysis of contaminated environmental samples following catastrophic incidents. USEPA's focus has been on building capability for a wide variety of contaminant classes and on ensuring national laboratory capacity for potential surges in the numbers of samples that could quickly exhaust the resources of local communities. USEPA's efforts have been designed to ensure a strong and resilient laboratory infrastructure in the United States to support communities as they respond to contamination incidents of any magnitude. The efforts include not only addressing technical issues related to the best-available methods for chemical, biological, and radiological contaminants, but also include addressing the challenges of coordination and administration of an efficient and effective response. Laboratory networks designed for responding to large scale contamination incidents can be sustained by applying their resources during incidents of lesser significance, for special projects, and for routine surveillance and monitoring as part of ongoing activities of the environmental laboratory community. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Magnuson, Matthew; Ernst, Hiba; Nichols, Tonya; Shah, Sanjiv] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Griggs, John] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Nat Analyt Radiat Environm Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Fitz-James, Schatzi] US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, Off Resource Conservat & Recovery, Mat Recovery & Waste Management Div, Washington, DC USA. [Mapp, Latisha; Hedrick, Elizabeth] US EPA, Off Water, Water Secur Div, Washington, DC USA. [Mullins, Marissa; Smith, Terry] US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, Off Emergency Management, CBRN Consequence Management Advisory Team, Washington, DC USA. RP Magnuson, M (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20460 USA. FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), through its Office of Research and Development, performed, managed, funded, and/or collaborated in the research described herein. This content has been peer and administratively reviewed and has been approved for publication. Note that approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views of the USEPA. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 72 SI SI BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.015 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO6OB UT WOS:000341470300010 PM 24534702 ER PT J AU Magnuson, M Campisano, R Griggs, J Fitz-James, S Hall, K Mapp, L Mullins, M Nichols, T Shah, S Silvestri, E Smith, T Willison, S Ernst, H AF Magnuson, Matthew Campisano, Romy Griggs, John Fitz-James, Schatzi Hall, Kathy Mapp, Latisha Mullins, Marissa Nichols, Tonya Shah, Sanjiv Silvestri, Erin Smith, Terry Willison, Stuart Ernst, Hiba TI Analysis of environmental contamination resulting from catastrophic incidents: Part 2. Building laboratory capability by selecting and developing analytical methodologies SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Analytical methods; Catastrophe; Innovation; Laboratory analysis; Laboratory capacity; Sustainability ID DRINKING-WATER; NERVE AGENT; SAMPLES; LIVE; VX AB Catastrophic incidents can generate a large number of samples of analytically diverse types, including forensic, clinical, environmental, food, and others. Environmental samples include water, wastewater, soil, air, urban building and infrastructure materials, and surface residue. Such samples may arise not only from contamination from the incident but also from the multitude of activities surrounding the response to the incident, including decontamination. This document summarizes a range of activities to help build laboratory capability in preparation for sample analysis following a catastrophic incident, including selection and development of fit-for-purpose analytical methods for chemical, biological, and radiological contaminants. Fit-for-purpose methods are those which have been selected to meet project specific data quality objectives. For example, methods could be fit for screening contamination in the early phases of investigation of contamination incidents because they are rapid and easily implemented, but those same methods may not be fit for the purpose of remediating the environment to acceptable levels when a more sensitive method is required. While the exact data quality objectives defining fitness-for-purpose can vary with each incident, a governing principle of the method selection and development process for environmental remediation and recovery is based on achieving high throughput while maintaining high quality analytical results. This paper illustrates the result of applying this principle, in the form of a compendium of analytical methods for contaminants of interest. The compendium is based on experience with actual incidents, where appropriate and available. This paper also discusses efforts aimed at adaptation of existing methods to increase fitness-for-purpose and development of innovative methods when necessary. The contaminants of interest are primarily those potentially released through catastrophes resulting from malicious activity. However, the same techniques discussed could also have application to catastrophes resulting from other incidents, such as natural disasters or industrial accidents. Further, the high sample throughput enabled by the techniques discussed could be employed for conventional environmental studies and compliance monitoring, potentially decreasing costs and/or increasing the quantity of data available to decision-makers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Magnuson, Matthew; Campisano, Romy; Hall, Kathy; Nichols, Tonya; Shah, Sanjiv; Silvestri, Erin; Willison, Stuart; Ernst, Hiba] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Griggs, John] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Natl Analyt Radiat Environm Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Fitz-James, Schatzi] US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, Off Resource Conservat & Recovery, Mat Recovery & Waste Management Div, Washington, DC USA. [Mapp, Latisha] US EPA, Off Water, Water Secur Div, Washington, DC USA. [Mullins, Marissa; Smith, Terry] US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, Off Emergency Management, CBRN Consequence Management Advisory Team, Washington, DC USA. RP Magnuson, M (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20460 USA. FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), through its Office of Research and Development, performed, managed, funded, and/or collaborated in the research described herein. This content has been peer and administratively reviewed and has been approved for publication. Note that approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views of the USEPA. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 72 SI SI BP 90 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.021 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO6OB UT WOS:000341470300011 PM 24568927 ER PT J AU Szabo, J Minamyer, S AF Szabo, Jeff Minamyer, Scott TI Decontamination of chemical agents from drinking water infrastructure: A literature review and summary SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE Chemicals; Drinking water; Infrastructure; Decontamination ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; ACCUMULATION; DEGRADATION; CHLORINATION; ADSORPTION; ARSENATE; ARSENITE; PATHWAYS; BIOFILMS AB This report summarizes the current state of knowledge on the persistence of chemical contamination on drinking water infrastructure (such as pipes) along with information on decontamination should persistence occur. Decontamination options for drinking water infrastructure have been explored for some chemical contaminants, but important data gaps remain. In general, data on chemical persistence on drinking water infrastructure is available for inorganics such as arsenic and mercury, as well as select organics such as petroleum products, pesticides and rodenticides. Data specific to chemical warfare agents and pharmaceuticals was not found and data on toxins is scant Future research suggestions focus on expanding the available chemical persistence data to other common drinking water infrastructure materials. Decontaminating agents that successfully removed persistent contamination from one infrastructure material should be used in further studies. Methods for sampling or extracting chemical agents from water infrastructure surfaces are needed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Szabo, Jeff; Minamyer, Scott] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr NG 16, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Szabo, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr NG 16, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM szabo.jeff@epa.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 110 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 72 SI SI BP 119 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.025 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO6OB UT WOS:000341470300014 PM 24565672 ER PT J AU Szabo, J Minamyer, S AF Szabo, Jeff Minamyer, Scott TI Decontamination of biological agents from drinking water infrastructure: A literature review and summary SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Bacteria; Spores; Viruses; Drinking water; Infrastructure; Decontamination ID DISTRIBUTION PIPE BIOFILMS; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACILLUS SPORES; ENHANCED DECONTAMINATION; CHLORINE INACTIVATION; CORRODED IRON; POROUS-MEDIA; PILOT-SCALE AB This report summarizes the current state of knowledge on the persistence of biological agents on drinking water infrastructure (suchas pipes) along with information on decontamination should persistence occur. Decontamination options for drinking water infrastructure have been explored for some biological agents, but data gaps remain. Data on bacterial spore persistence on common water infrastructure materials such as iron and cement-mortar lined iron show that spores can be persistent for weeks after contamination. Decontamination data show that common disinfectants such as free chlorine have limited effectiveness. Decontamination results with germinant and alternate disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide are more promising. Persistence and decontamination data were collected on vegetative bacteria, such as coliforms, Legionella and Salmonella. Vegetative bacteria are less persistent than spores and more susceptible to disinfection, but the surfaces and water quality conditions in many studies were only marginally related to drinking water systems. However, results of real-world case studies on accidental contamination of water systems with E. coli and Salmonella contamination show that flushing and chlorination can help return a water system to service. Some viral persistence data were found, but decontamination data were lacking. Future research suggestions focus on expanding the available biological persistence data to other common infrastructure materials. Further exploration of non-traditional drinking water disinfectants is recommended for future studies. (C) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Szabo, Jeff; Minamyer, Scott] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr NG 16, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Szabo, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr NG 16, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM szabo.jeff@epa.gov NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 74 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 72 SI SI BP 124 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.031 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO6OB UT WOS:000341470300015 PM 24548733 ER PT J AU Szabo, J Minamyer, S AF Szabo, Jeff Minamyer, Scott TI Decontamination of radiological agents from drinking water infrastructure: A literature review and summary SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE Cesium; Strontium; Cobalt; Drinking water; Infrastructure; Decontamination ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; TANK-WASTE LEACHATE; PIPE-SCALE DEPOSITS; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; STRONTIUM UPTAKE; FE(III) OXIDE; ADSORPTION; SORPTION; CESIUM; KAOLINITE AB This report summarizes the current state of knowledge on the persistence of radiological agents on drinking water infrastructure (such as pipes) along with information on decontamination should persistence occur. Decontamination options for drinking water infrastructure have been explored for some important radiological agents (cesium, strontium and cobalt), but important data gaps remain. Although some targeted experiments have been published on cesium, strontium and cobalt persistence on drinking water infrastructure, most of the data comes from nuclear clean-up sites. Furthermore, the studies focused on drinking water systems use non-radioactive surrogates. Non-radioactive cobalt was shown to be persistent on iron due to oxidation with free chlorine in drinking water and precipitation on the iron surface. Decontamination with acidification was an effective removal method. Strontium persistence on iron was transient in tap water, but adherence to cement-mortar has been demonstrated and should be further explored. Cesium persistence on iron water infrastructure was observed when flow was stagnant, but not with water flow present. Future research suggestions focus on expanding the available cesium, strontium and cobalt persistence data to other common infrastructure materials, specifically cement-mortar. Further exploration chelating agents and low pH treatment is recommended for future decontamination studies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Szabo, Jeff; Minamyer, Scott] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr NG 16, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Szabo, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr NG 16, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM szabo.jeff@epa.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 62 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 72 SI SI BP 129 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.020 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO6OB UT WOS:000341470300016 PM 24529629 ER PT J AU Molina, M Hunter, S Cyterski, M Peed, LA Kelty, CA Sivaganesan, M Mooney, T Prieto, L Shanks, OC AF Molina, Marirosa Hunter, Shayla Cyterski, Mike Peed, Lindsay A. Kelty, Catherine A. Sivaganesan, Mano Mooney, Thomas Prieto, Lourdes Shanks, Orin C. TI Factors affecting the presence of human-associated and fecal indicator real-time quantitative PCR genetic markers in urban-impacted recreational beaches SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE FIB; MST; Virtual Beach; Predictive modeling; Human contamination ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; STORMWATER RUNOFF; ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS; PREDICTIVE MODELS; POLLUTION; BACTEROIDES; CONTAMINATION; BACTERIA; ASSAYS AB Urban runoff can carry a variety of pollutants into recreational beaches, often including bacterial pathogens and indicators of fecal contamination. To develop complete recreational criteria and risk assessments, it is necessary to understand conditions under which human contamination could be present at beaches solely impacted by urban runoff. Accurately estimating risk requires understanding sources, concentrations, and transport mechanisms of microbial contaminants in these environments. By applying microbial source tracking methods and empirical modeling, we assessed the presence and level of human contamination at urban runoff impacted recreational beaches. We also identified environmental parameters and pollution sources that can influence the concentration and transport of culturable and molecular fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in systems impacted solely by urban runoff. Water samples and physico-chemical parameters were collected from shoreline locations from three South Carolina (SC) beaches (five locations per beach) and two Florida (FL) beaches (three locations per beach). Each SC beach was directly impacted by swashes or tidal creeks receiving stormwater runoff from the urbanized area and therefore were designated as swash drain associated (SDA) beaches, while FL beaches were designated as non-swash drain associated (NSDA). Sampling in swash drains (SD; three sites per SD) directly impacting each SC beach was also conducted. Results indicate that although culturable (enterococci) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) (EC235857, Entero1, and GenBac3) FIB concentrations were, on average, higher at SD locations, SDA beaches did not have consistently higher molecular FIB signals compared to NSDA beaches. Both human-associated markers (HF183 and HumM2) were concomitantly found only at SDA beaches. Bacteroidales species-specific qPCR markers (BsteriF1 and BuniF2) identified differences in the Bacteroidales community, depending on beach type. The marker for general Bacteroidales was most abundant at SD locations and exhibited a high correlation with both culturable and other molecular markers. Combining molecular information with predictive modeling allowed us to identify both alongshore movement of currents and SD outflow as significant influences on the concentration of molecular and culturable indicators in the bathing zone. Data also suggests that combining methodologies is a useful and cost effective approach to help understand transport dynamics of fecal contamination and identify potential sources of contamination at marine beaches. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Molina, Marirosa; Cyterski, Mike; Prieto, Lourdes] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Hunter, Shayla] SSA Contractor USEPA, ORD, NERL, Athens, GA USA. [Peed, Lindsay A.; Kelty, Catherine A.; Sivaganesan, Mano; Shanks, Orin C.] US EPA, ORD, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Mooney, Thomas] SSA Contractor USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Molina, M (reprint author), 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM molina.marirosa@epa.gov NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 73 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 64 BP 196 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.036 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AO4YY UT WOS:000341348500019 PM 25061692 ER PT J AU More, TT Yadav, JSS Yan, S Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY AF More, T. T. Yadav, J. S. S. Yan, S. Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Extracellular polymeric substances of bacteria and their potential environmental applications SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Bioflocculants; Bacterial polymers; Extracellular polymeric substances; Wastewater; Sludge; Pollution control ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; SOLUBLE MICROBIAL PRODUCTS; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE FLOCS; PROTEUS-MIRABILIS TJ-1; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; BIOFILM FORMATION; BIOFLOCCULANT PRODUCTION; HEAVY-METALS; SOUTH-AFRICA; PART I AB Biopolymers are considered a potential alternative to conventional chemical polymers because of their ease of biodegradability, high efficiency, non-toxicity and non-secondary pollution. Recently, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS, biopolymers produced by the microorganisms) have been recognised by many researchers as a potential flocculent for their applications in various water, wastewater and sludge treatment processes. In this context, literature information on EPS is widely dispersed and is very scarce. Thus, this review marginalizes various studies conducted so far about EPS nature-production-recovery, properties, environmental applications and moreover, critically examines future research needs and advanced application prospective of the EPS. One of the most important aspect of chemical composition and structural details of different moieties of EPS in terms of carbohydrates, proteins, extracellular DNA, lipid and surfactants and humic substances are described. These chemical characteristics of EPS in relation to formation and properties of microbial aggregates as well as degradation of EPS in the matrix (biomass, flocs etc) are analyzed. The important engineering properties (based on structural characteristics) such as adsorption, biodegradability, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of EPS matrix are also discussed in details. Different aspects of EPS production process such as bacterial strain maintenance; inoculum and factors affecting EPS production were presented. The important factors affecting EPS production include growth phase, carbon and nitrogen sources and their ratio, role of other nutrients (phosphorus, micronutrients/trace elements, and vitamins), impact of pH, temperature, metals, aerobic versus anaerobic conditions and pure and mixed culture. The production of EPS in high concentration with high productivity is essential due to economic reasons. Therefore, the knowledge about all the aspects of EPS production (listed above) is highly essential to formulate a logical and scientific basis for the research and industrial activities. One of the very important issues in the production/application/biodegradation of EPS is how the EPS is extracted from the matrix or a culture broth. Moreover, EPS matrix available in different forms (crude, loosely bound, tightly bound, slime, capsular and purified) can be used as a bioflocculant material. Several chemical and physical methods for the extraction of EPS (crude form or purified form) from different sources have been analyzed and reported. There is ample information available in the literature about various EPS extraction methods. Flocculability, dewaterability and biosorption ability are the very attractive engineering properties of the EPS matrix. Recent information on important aspects of these properties qualitatively as well as quantitatively has been described. Recent information on the mechanism of flocculation mediated by EPS is presented. Potential role of EPS in sludge dewatering and biosorption phenomenon has been discussed in details. Different factors influencing the EPS ability to flocculate and dewaterability of different suspensions have been included. The factors considered for the discussion are cations, different forms of EPS, concentration of EPS, protein and carbohydrate content of EPS, molecular weight of EPS, pH of the suspension, temperature etc. These factors were selected for the study based upon their role in the flocculation and dewatering mechanism as well the most recent available literature findings on these factors. For example, only recently it has been demonstrated that there is an optimum EPS concentration for sludge flocculation/dewatering. High or low concentration of EPS can lead to destabilization of flocs. Role of EPS in environmental applications such as water treatment, wastewater flocculation and settling, colour removal from wastewater, sludge dewatering, metal removal and recovery, removal of toxic organic compounds, landfill leachate treatment, soil remediation and reclamation has been presented based on the most recent available information. However, data available on environmental application of EPS are very limited. Investigations are required for exploring the potential of field applications of EPS. Finally, the limitations in the knowledge gap are outlined and the research needs as well as future perspectives are highlighted. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [More, T. T.; Yadav, J. S. S.; Yan, S.; Tyagi, R. D.] Univ Quebec, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP More, TT (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, Inst Natl Rech Sci, 490 Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM more.tanaji@gmail.com; tyagi@ete.inrs.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A 4984] FX The authors are thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant A 4984, Strategic Grant and Canada Research Chair) for their financial support. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors. NR 209 TC 69 Z9 80 U1 108 U2 751 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 144 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.010 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM6YL UT WOS:000340011800001 PM 24907407 ER PT J AU Spero, TL Otte, MJ Bowden, JH Nolte, CG AF Spero, Tanya L. Otte, Martin J. Bowden, Jared H. Nolte, Christopher G. TI Improving the representation of clouds, radiation, and precipitation using spectral nudging in the Weather Research and Forecasting model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE regional climate modeling; spectral nudging; downscaling; WRF ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; PART I; SIMULATIONS; MOISTURE; REANALYSIS; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; HUMIDITY; SYSTEM AB Spectral nudginga scale-selective interior constraint techniqueis commonly used in regional climate models to maintain consistency with large-scale forcing while permitting mesoscale features to develop in the downscaled simulations. Several studies have demonstrated that spectral nudging improves the representation of regional climate in reanalysis-forced simulations compared with not using nudging in the interior of the domain. However, in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, spectral nudging tends to produce degraded precipitation simulations when compared to analysis nudgingan interior constraint technique that is scale indiscriminate but also operates on moisture fields which until now could not be altered directly by spectral nudging. Since analysis nudging is less desirable for regional climate modeling because it dampens fine-scale variability, changes are proposed to the spectral nudging methodology to capitalize on differences between the nudging techniques and aim to improve the representation of clouds, radiation, and precipitation without compromising other fields. These changes include adding spectral nudging toward moisture, limiting nudging to below the tropopause, and increasing the nudging time scale for potential temperature, all of which collectively improve the representation of mean and extreme precipitation, 2 m temperature, clouds, and radiation, as demonstrated using a model-simulated 20 year historical period. Such improvements to WRF may increase the fidelity of regional climate data used to assess the potential impacts of climate change on human health and the environment and aid in climate change mitigation and adaptation studies. C1 [Spero, Tanya L.; Otte, Martin J.; Nolte, Christopher G.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bowden, Jared H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Spero, TL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM spero.tanya@epa.gov RI Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012; OI Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965; Spero, Tanya/0000-0002-1600-0422 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX In accordance with the AGU's Data Policy, data and software used in this paper will be made available upon request from the corresponding author. The CERES data that were used in this paper are monthly 1 degrees x 1 degrees Terra MODIS Edition 2-D data, available from https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/project/ceres/srbavg_table. The authors thank James Godowitch, Kiran Alapaty, Rohit Mathur (U.S. EPA), and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that served to strengthen this paper. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 20 BP 11682 EP 11694 DI 10.1002/2014JD022173 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU0FE UT WOS:000345298100019 ER PT J AU Buskirk, AD Green, BJ Lemons, AR Nayak, AP Goldsmith, WT Kashon, ML Anderson, SE Hettick, JM Templeton, SP Germolec, DR Beezhold, DH AF Buskirk, Amanda D. Green, Brett J. Lemons, Angela R. Nayak, Ajay P. Goldsmith, W. Travis Kashon, Michael L. Anderson, Stacey E. Hettick, Justin M. Templeton, Steven P. Germolec, Dori R. Beezhold, Donald H. TI A Murine Inhalation Model to Characterize Pulmonary Exposure to Dry Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL SPORES; C57BL/6 MICE; RESPONSES; ASTHMA; CELLS; MICROORGANISMS; SENSITIZATION; GERMINATION; INFECTION; ALLERGENS AB Most murine models of fungal exposure are based on the delivery of uncharacterized extracts or liquid conidia suspensions using aspiration or intranasal approaches. Studies that model exposure to dry fungal aerosols using whole body inhalation have only recently been described. In this study, we aimed to characterize pulmonary immune responses following repeated inhalation of conidia utilizing an acoustical generator to deliver dry fungal aerosols to mice housed in a nose only exposure chamber. Immunocompetent female BALB/cJ mice were exposed to conidia derived from Aspergillus fumigatus wild-type (WT) or a melanin-deficient (Delta alb1) strain. Conidia were aerosolized and delivered to mice at an estimated deposition dose of 1 x 10(5) twice a week for 4 weeks (8 total). Histopathological and immunological endpoints were assessed 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the final exposure. Histopathological analysis showed that conidia derived from both strains induced lung inflammation, especially at 24 and 48 hour time points. Immunological endpoints evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the mediastinal lymph nodes showed that exposure to WT conidia led to elevated numbers of macrophages, granulocytes, and lymphocytes. Importantly, CD8(+) IL17(+) (Tc17) cells were significantly higher in BALF and positively correlated with germination of A. fumigatus WT spores. Germination was associated with specific IgG to intracellular proteins while Delta alb1 spores elicited antibodies to cell wall hydrophobin. These data suggest that inhalation exposures may provide a more representative analysis of immune responses following exposures to environmentally and occupationally prevalent fungal contaminants. C1 [Buskirk, Amanda D.; Green, Brett J.; Lemons, Angela R.; Nayak, Ajay P.; Anderson, Stacey E.; Hettick, Justin M.; Templeton, Steven P.; Beezhold, Donald H.] NIOSH, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Goldsmith, W. Travis] NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. [Kashon, Michael L.] NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. [Germolec, Dori R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program Div, Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Beezhold, DH (reprint author), NIOSH, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM zec1@cdc.gov OI Lemons, Angela/0000-0003-3057-9888 FU intramural National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); NIEHS IAA [AES 12007-00100000] FX This study was supported by intramural National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) funding and by an interagency agreement with NIEHS IAA# AES 12007-00100000. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 23 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 AR e109855 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0109855 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AR5ZY UT WOS:000343662800019 PM 25340353 ER PT J AU Alavanja, MCR Hofmann, JN Lynch, CF Hines, CJ Barry, KH Barker, J Buckman, DW Thomas, K Sandler, DP Hoppin, JA Koutros, S Andreotti, G Lubin, JH Blair, A Freeman, LEB AF Alavanja, Michael C. R. Hofmann, Jonathan N. Lynch, Charles F. Hines, Cynthia J. Barry, Kathryn H. Barker, Joseph Buckman, Dennis W. Thomas, Kent Sandler, Dale P. Hoppin, Jane A. Koutros, Stella Andreotti, Gabriella Lubin, Jay H. Blair, Aaron Freeman, Laura E. Beane TI Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Risk and Insecticide, Fungicide and Fumigant se in the Agricultural Health Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; CANCER-RISK; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; UNITED-STATES; FARMERS; ORGANOCHLORINES; APPLICATORS; LINDANE; COHORT AB Farming and pesticide use have previously been linked to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM). We evaluated agricultural use of specific insecticides, fungicides, and fumigants and risk of NHL and NHL-subtypes (including CLL and MM) in a U.S.-based prospective cohort of farmers and commercial pesticide applicators. A total of 523 cases occurred among 54,306 pesticide applicators from enrollment (1993-97) through December 31, 2011 in Iowa, and December 31, 2010 in North Carolina. Information on pesticide use, other agricultural exposures and other factors was obtained from questionnaires at enrollment and at follow-up approximately five years later (1999-2005). Information from questionnaires, monitoring, and the literature were used to create lifetime-days and intensity-weighted lifetime days of pesticide use, taking into account exposure-modifying factors. Poisson and polytomous models were used to calculate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate associations between 26 pesticides and NHL and five NHL-subtypes, while adjusting for potential confounding factors. For total NHL, statistically significant positive exposure-response trends were seen with lindane and DDT. Terbufos was associated with total NHL in ever/never comparisons only. In subtype analyses, terbufos and DDT were associated with small cell lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia/marginal cell lymphoma, lindane and diazinon with follicular lymphoma, and permethrin with MM. However, tests of homogeneity did not show significant differences in exposure-response among NHL-subtypes for any pesticide. Because 26 pesticides were evaluated for their association with NHL and its subtypes, some chance finding could have occurred. Our results showed pesticides from different chemical and functional classes were associated with an excess risk of NHL and NHL subtypes, but not all members of any single class of pesticides were associated with an elevated risk of NHL or NHL subtypes. These findings are among the first to suggest links between DDT, lindane, permethrin, diazinon and terbufos with NHL subtypes. C1 [Alavanja, Michael C. R.; Hofmann, Jonathan N.; Barry, Kathryn H.; Koutros, Stella; Andreotti, Gabriella; Lubin, Jay H.; Blair, Aaron; Freeman, Laura E. Beane] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Lynch, Charles F.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. [Hines, Cynthia J.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Barker, Joseph; Buckman, Dennis W.] IMS Inc, Calverton, MD USA. [Thomas, Kent] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sandler, Dale P.; Hoppin, Jane A.] NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Alavanja, MCR (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM alavanjm@mail.nih.gov RI Beane Freeman, Laura/C-4468-2015 OI Beane Freeman, Laura/0000-0003-1294-4124 FU Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics [Z01CP010119]; National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01ES049030]; IMS, Inc FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (Z01CP010119) and The National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01ES049030). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. IMS, Inc, provided support in the form of salaries for authors Joseph Barker and Denis W Buckman, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 22 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 AR e109332 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0109332 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AR6DY UT WOS:000343674800010 PM 25337994 ER PT J AU Reichman, JR Vize, PD AF Reichman, Jay R. Vize, Peter D. TI Separate Introns Gained within Short and Long Soluble Peridinin-Chlorophyll a-Protein Genes during Radiation of Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae) Clade A and B Lineages SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SYMBIOTIC DINOFLAGELLATE SYMBIODINIUM; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD APPROACH; CORAL-ALGAL SYMBIOSIS; CRYPTIC SPLICE SITES; GENUS SYMBIODINIUM; GYMNODINIUM MICROADRIATICUM; AMPHIDINIUM-CARTERAE; MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; BINDING-PROTEIN; DNA-SEQUENCES AB Here we document introns in two Symbiodinium clades that were most likely gained following divergence of this genus from other peridinin-containing dinoflagellate lineages. Soluble peridinin-chlorophyll a-proteins (sPCP) occur in short and long forms in different species. Duplication and fusion of short sPCP genes produced long sPCP genes. All short and long sPCP genes characterized to date, including those from free living species and Symbiodinium sp. 203 (clade C/type C2) are intronless. However, we observed that long sPCP genes from two Caribbean Symbiodinium clade B isolates each contained two introns. To test the hypothesis that introns were gained during radiation of clade B, we compared sPCP genomic and cDNA sequences from 13 additional distinct Caribbean and Pacific Symbiodinium clade A, B, and F isolates. Long sPCP genes from all clade B/B1 and B/B19 descendants contain orthologs of both introns. Short sPCP genes from S. pilosum (A/A2) and S. muscatinei (B/B4) plus long sPCP genes from S. microadriaticum (A/A1) and S. kawagutii (F/F1) are intronless. Short sPCP genes of S. microadriaticum have a third unique intron. Symbiodinium clade B long sPCP sequences are useful for assessing divergence among B1 and B19 descendants. Phylogenetic analyses of coding sequences from four dinoflagellate orders indicate that introns were gained independently during radiation of Symbiodinium clades A and B. Long sPCP introns were present in the most recent common ancestor of Symbiodinium clade B core types B1 and B19, which apparently diverged sometime during the Miocene. The clade A short sPCP intron was either gained by S. microadriaticum or possibly by the ancestor of Symbiodinium types A/A1, A3, A4 and A5. The timing of short sPCP intron gain in Symbiodinium clade A is less certain. But, all sPCP introns were gained after fusion of ancestral short sPCP genes, which we confirm as occurring once in dinoflagellate evolution. C1 [Reichman, Jay R.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Reichman, Jay R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Vize, Peter D.] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Reichman, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM reichman.jay@epa.gov FU National Undersea Research Program Caribbean Marine Research Center - Project Development Grant [CMRC-97-7106]; Oregon State University Agricultural Research Foundation-Molecular Evolution of Endosymbiotic Marine Microalgae Project; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada - Discovery Award FX This work was supported by the National Undersea Research Program Caribbean Marine Research Center - Project Development Grant CMRC-97-7106 to JRR (http://www.perryinstitute.org/research); and by the Oregon State University Agricultural Research Foundation-Molecular Evolution of Endosymbiotic Marine Microalgae Project donation to JRR (http://agresearchfoundation.oregonstate.edu). This work was also supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada - Discovery Award to PDV (http://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/index_eng.asp). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 98 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 17 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 AR e110608 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0110608 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AT8TF UT WOS:000345204100094 PM 25330037 ER PT J AU Wade, TJ Lin, CJ Jagai, JS Hilborn, ED AF Wade, Timothy J. Lin, Cynthia J. Jagai, Jyotsna S. Hilborn, Elizabeth D. TI Flooding and Emergency Room Visits for Gastrointestinal Illness in Massachusetts: A Case-Crossover Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RISK; EVENTS; DESIGN; HEALTH; STRATEGIES; OUTBREAKS; EXPOSURE; ENGLAND; DISEASE AB Introduction: Floods and other severe weather events are anticipated to increase as a result of global climate change. Floods can lead to outbreaks of gastroenteritis and other infectious diseases due to disruption of sewage and water infrastructure and impacts on sanitation and hygiene. Floods have also been indirectly associated with outbreaks through population displacement and crowding. Methods: We conducted a case-crossover study to investigate the association between flooding and emergency room visits for gastrointestinal illness (ER-GI) in Massachusetts for the years 2003 through 2007. We obtained ER-GI visits from the State of Massachusetts and records of floods from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association's Storm Events Database. ER-GI visits were considered exposed if a flood occurred in the town of residence within three hazard periods of the visit: 04 days; 5-9 days; and 10-14 days. A time-stratified bi-directional design was used for control selection, matching on day of the week with two weeks lead or lag time from the ER-GI visit. Fixed effect logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of ER-GI visits following the flood. Results and Conclusions: A total of 270,457 ER-GI visits and 129 floods occurred in Massachusetts over the study period. Across all counties, flooding was associated with an increased risk for ER-GI in the 0-4 day period after flooding (Odds Ratio: 1.08; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.03-1.12); but not the 5-9 days (Odds Ratio: 0.995; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.955-1.04) or the 10-14 days after (Odds Ratio: 0.966, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.927-1.01). Similar results were observed for different definitions of ER-GI. The effect differed across counties, suggesting local differences in the risk and impact of flooding. Statewide, across the study period, an estimated 7% of ER-GI visits in the 0-4 days after a flood event were attributable to flooding. C1 [Wade, Timothy J.; Hilborn, Elizabeth D.] United States Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Lin, Cynthia J.] United States Environm Protect Agcy, ORISE, Res Participat Program, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Lin, Cynthia J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Jagai, Jyotsna S.] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL USA. RP Wade, TJ (reprint author), United States Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. EM wade.tim@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency FX This work was funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 17 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 AR e110474 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0110474 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AT8TF UT WOS:000345204100079 PM 25329916 ER PT J AU Kurhanewicz, N McIntosh-Kastrinsky, R Tong, HY Walsh, L Farraj, AK Hazari, MS AF Kurhanewicz, Nicole McIntosh-Kastrinsky, Rachel Tong, Haiyan Walsh, Leon Farraj, Aimen K. Hazari, Mehdi S. TI Ozone co-exposure modifies cardiac responses to fine and ultrafine ambient particulate matter in mice: concordance of electrocardiogram and mechanical responses SO PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Cardiac function; Ventricular contraction; Electrocardiogram; Arrhythmia; Particulate matter ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; DIESEL-EXHAUST INHALATION; AIR-POLLUTION; HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; EXPOSURE; PARTICLES; LUNG; PULMONARY AB Background: Studies have shown a relationship between air pollution and increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Due to the complexity of ambient air pollution composition, recent studies have examined the effects of co-exposure, particularly particulate matter (PM) and gas, to determine whether pollutant interactions alter (e.g. synergistically, antagonistically) the health response. This study examines the independent effects of fine (FCAPs) and ultrafine (UFCAPs) concentrated ambient particles on cardiac function, and determine the impact of ozone (O-3) co-exposure on the response. We hypothesized that UFCAPs would cause greater decrement in mechanical function and electrical dysfunction than FCAPs, and that O-3 co-exposure would enhance the effects of both particle-types. Methods: Conscious/unrestrained radiotelemetered mice were exposed once whole-body to either 190 mu g/m(3) FCAPs or 140 mu g/m(3) UFCAPs with/without 0.3 ppm O-3; separate groups were exposed to either filtered air (FA) or O-3 alone. Heart rate (HR) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded continuously before, during and after exposure, and cardiac mechanical function was assessed using a Langendorff perfusion preparation 24 hrs post-exposure. Results: FCAPs alone caused a significant decrease in baseline left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and contractility, whereas UFCAPs did not; neither FCAPs nor UFCAPs alone caused any ECG changes. O-3 co-exposure with FCAPs caused a significant decrease in heart rate variability when compared to FA but also blocked the decrement in cardiac function. On the other hand, O-3 co-exposure with UFCAPs significantly increased QRS-interval, QTc and non-conducted P-wave arrhythmias, and decreased LVDP, rate of contractility and relaxation when compared to controls. Conclusions: These data suggest that particle size and gaseous interactions may play a role in cardiac function decrements one day after exposure. Although FCAPs + O-3 only altered autonomic balance, UFCAPs + O-3 appeared to be more serious by increasing cardiac arrhythmias and causing mechanical decrements. As such, O-3 appears to interact differently with FCAPs and UFCAPs, resulting in varied cardiac changes, which suggests that the cardiovascular effects of particle-gas co-exposures are not simply additive or even generalizable. Additionally, the mode of toxicity underlying this effect may be subtle given none of the exposures described here impaired post-ischemia recovery. C1 [Kurhanewicz, Nicole] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [McIntosh-Kastrinsky, Rachel] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Tong, Haiyan; Walsh, Leon; Farraj, Aimen K.; Hazari, Mehdi S.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27711 USA. RP Kurhanewicz, N (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM nak@email.unc.edu; ramcinto@email.unc.edu; hazari.mehdi@epa.gov FU EPA-UNC [CR 83515201]; CEMALB [CR 83346301]; EPA [CR 83346301] FX EPA-UNC Toxicology Training Agreement (CR 83515201) for NK and CEMALB cooperative agreement with EPA (CR 83346301 - Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants in Humans) for RMK. NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-8977 J9 PART FIBRE TOXICOL JI Part. Fibre Toxicol. PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 11 AR 54 DI 10.1186/s12989-014-0054-4 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AU8UO UT WOS:000345872000001 PM 25318591 ER PT J AU Albert, RJ McLaughlin, C Falatko, D AF Albert, Ryan J. McLaughlin, Christine Falatko, Debra TI Characterization of fish hold effluent discharged from commercial fishing vessels into harbor waters SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Fishing vessel; Water quality; Biochemical Oxygen Demand; Vessel discharges; Incidental discharges; Fish hold ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; UNITED-KINGDOM; FRESH-WATER; FISHERIES; MARINE; COPPER; ESTUARINE; COASTAL; CONSERVATION AB Fish hold effluent and the effluent produced from the cleaning of fish holds may contain organic material resulting from the degradation of seafood and cleaning products (e.g., soaps and detergents). This effluent is often discharged by vessels into near shore waters and, therefore, could have the potential to contribute to water pollution in bays and estuaries. We characterized effluent from commercial fishing vessels with holds containing refrigerated seawater, ice slurry, or chipped ice. Concentrations of trace heavy metals, wet chemistry parameters, and nutrients in effluent were compared to screening benchmarks to determine if there is a reasonable potential for effluent discharge to contribute to nonattainment of water quality standards. Most analytes (67%) exceeded their benchmark concentration and, therefore, may have the potential to pose risk to human health or the environment if discharges are in significant quantities or there are many vessels discharging in the same areas. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Albert, Ryan J.; McLaughlin, Christine] US EPA, Off Water, Off Wastewater Management, Permits Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Falatko, Debra] Eastern Res Grp Inc, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. RP Albert, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Off Wastewater Management, Permits Div, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM albert.ryan@epa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; EPA FX We would like to thank Ron Altman, John Bourbon, Cindy Caporale, Robin Costas, John Curry, Jim Dorsey, Norman Fritsche, Jamie Hale, Maria Javier, Deborah Kay, John Lee, Renee Lettieri, Kevin Martin, Kevin Poff, William Ricket, Dave Russel, Sue Warner, and Larry Zintec in EPA's Regional laboratories for facilitating and conducting the laboratory analyses of all samples collected for this study. Mark Briggs and Kathleen Wu of Eastern Research Group, Inc. and Robin Danesi, Cindi Godsey, and Marcus Zobrist of EPA assisted in vessel sampling, sampling logistics, and provided other assistance throughout study implementation. Tyler Linton, Doug Endicott, and Michelle Moore of the Great Lakes Environmental Center assisted in data entry and handling and provided other support during the course of the sampling and study design. Finally, we would like to thank Bob Bastian and Brian Rappoli for their feedback on the manuscript. The opinions expressed are the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the Office of Wastewater Management, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and EPA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 87 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.08.015 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AS0ET UT WOS:000343951800020 PM 25176279 ER PT J AU Schlosser, PM Sasso, AF AF Schlosser, Paul M. Sasso, Alan F. TI A revised model of ex-vivo reduction of hexavalent chromium in human and rodent gastric juices SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hexavalent chromium; Reduction; Gastric juice; Mouse; Rat; Human ID PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; DRINKING-WATER; ABSORPTION; RATS; TRIVALENT AB Chronic oral exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr-VI) in drinking water has been shown to induce tumors in the mouse gastrointestinal (GI) tract and rat oral cavity. The same is not true for trivalent chromium (Cr-III). Thus reduction of Cr-VI to Cr-III in gastric juices is considered a protective mechanism, and it has been suggested that the difference between the rate of reduction among mice, rats, and humans could explain or predict differences in sensitivity to Cr-VI. We evaluated previously published models of gastric reduction and believe that they do not fully describe the data on reduction as a function of Cr-VI concentration, time, and (in humans) pH. The previous models are parsimonious in assuming only a single reducing agent in rodents and describing pH-dependence using a simple function. We present a revised model that assumes three pools of reducing agents in rats and mice with pH-dependence based on known speciation chemistry. While the revised model uses more fitted parameters than the original model, they are adequately identifiable given the available data, and the fit of the revised model to the full range of data is shown to be significantly improved. Hence the revised model should provide better predictions of Cr-VI reduction when integrated into a corresponding PBPK model. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Schlosser, Paul M.; Sasso, Alan F.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Schlosser, PM (reprint author), US EPA, MD B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM schlosser.paul@epa.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 280 IS 2 BP 352 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2014.08.010 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA AS7OI UT WOS:000344444700017 PM 25151221 ER PT J AU Yang, Z Huang, YC Kozie, H de Crom, R Ruetten, H Wohlfart, P Thomsen, RW Kahlert, JA Sorensen, HT Jozefowski, S Colby, A Kobzik, L AF Yang, Z. Huang, Y-C. Kozie, H. de Crom, R. Ruetten, H. Wohlfart, P. Thomsen, R. W. Kahlert, J. A. Sorensen, H. T. Jozefowski, S. Colby, A. Kobzik, L. TI Female Resistance to Pneumonia Identifies Lung Macrophage Nitric Oxide Synthase-3 as a Therapeutic Target SO ELIFE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE; REACTIVE OXYGEN; PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA; MICROBIAL PATHOGENS; MALE GENDER; MICE; INFECTION; RECEPTOR; RISK AB To identify new approaches to enhance innate immunity to bacterial pneumonia, we investigated the natural experiment of gender differences in resistance to infections. Female and estrogen-treated male mice show greater resistance to pneumococcal pneumonia, seen as greater bacterial clearance, diminished lung inflammation and better survival. In vitro, lung macrophages from female mice and humans show better killing of ingested bacteria. Inhibitors and genetically altered mice identify a critical role for estrogen-mediated activation of lung macrophage nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3). Epidemiologic data show decreased hospitalization for pneumonia in women receiving estrogen or statins (known to activate NOS3). Pharmacologic targeting of NOS3 with statins or another small-molecule compound (AVE3085) enhanced macrophage bacterial killing, improved bacterial clearance and increased host survival in both primary and secondary (post-influenza) pneumonia. The data identify a novel mechanism for host defense via NOS3 and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce secondary bacterial pneumonia after influenza. C1 [Yang, Z.; Colby, A.; Kobzik, L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Huang, Y-C.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kozie, H.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Crit Care & Sleep Med, Div Pulm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [de Crom, R.] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol & Genet, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Ruetten, H.; Wohlfart, P.] Sanofi R&D Diabet Div, Frankfurt, Germany. [Thomsen, R. W.; Kahlert, J. A.; Sorensen, H. T.] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Epidemiol, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Jozefowski, S.] Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Dept Immunol, Krakow, Poland. [Kobzik, L.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Kobzik, L (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM lkobzik@hsph.harvard.edu OI Thomsen, Reimar/0000-0001-9135-3474 NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA SHERATON HOUSE, CASTLE PARK, CAMBRIDGE, CB3 0AX, ENGLAND SN 2050-084X J9 ELIFE JI eLife PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 3 AR e03711 DI 10.7554/eLife.03711 PG 33 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AR2MR UT WOS:000343422100002 ER PT J AU Campanha, HM Carvalho, F Schlosser, PM AF Campanha, Helen M. Carvalho, Felix Schlosser, Paul M. TI Active and peripheral anionic sites of acetylcholinesterase have differential modulation effects on cell proliferation, adhesion and neuritogenesis in the NG108-15 cell line SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Acetylcholinesterase; Peripheral anionic site; Acylation site; Cell adhesion; Proliferation; Neuritogenesis ID TORPEDO-CALIFORNICA ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; CHLORPYRIFOS-OXON; NEURITE GROWTH; THIOFLAVIN-T; IN-VITRO; CHOLINESTERASE EXPRESSION; ACYLATION SITE; NEUROTOXICITY; PROTEINS; ACTIVATION AB The classical enzymatic role of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is to terminate impulse transmission at cholinergic synapses through rapid hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh). Inactivation of this enzyme's catalytic site is the primary mechanism of acute toxicity of OP insecticides (e.g. parathion, chlorpyrifos). There is now sufficient evidence to suggest that AChE has a neurotrophic function that may be altered by organophosphate (OP) exposure, resulting in defects of neuronal growth and development, though the clarification of the mechanisms involved require further in vitro investigation. In the present study, the mouse neuroblastoma x rat glioma hybrid NG108-15 cell line was used to investigate the differential effects between inhibition of the catalytic site and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on cell adhesion, proliferation and neuritogenesis, in the presence and absence of human red blood cell (hRBC) AChE (ED3.1.1.7). AChE active-site inhibitor paraoxon (PO; 0.1-1.0 mu M), when added to NG108-15 cells grown on AChE-coated plates, had no effect on cell proliferation, but exerted a significant reduction in strongly adherent viable cells accompanied by mostly short process formations, with 18% of cells considered to be neuritogenic, similar to that observed on uncoated plates. In contrast, PO had no significant effect on cell adhesion and proliferation of NG108-15 cells on uncoated plates. The PAS-ligand thioflavin-T (Th-T; 0.5-25 mu M), however, decreased cell adhesion and proliferation, on both uncoated and ACh-E coated plates, with less magnitude on AChE-coated plates. Taken together, these results suggest that strong cell adherence and neuritogenesis are sensitive to PO in this cell culture model, with no impact on proliferation, in the presence of membrane bound AChE-coating, while there is no sensitivity to PO on uncoated plates. On the other hand, binding of Th-T directly to the PAS affects both cell adherence and proliferation, with less magnitude in the presence of membrane-bound AChE. The current study indicates that PO is deleterious in neural development during critical periods of strong cell adhesion and differentiation, interfering with AChE trophic function. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Campanha, Helen M.] Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Med Sch, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Carvalho, Felix] Univ Porto, Fac Pharm, Dept Biol Sci, REQUIMTE,Lab Toxicol, P-4050313 Oporto, Portugal. [Schlosser, Paul M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Campanha, HM (reprint author), 16 Hughes Pl, Summit, NJ 07901 USA. EM hcampanha@ymail.com RI Carvalho, Felix/D-4914-2013 OI Carvalho, Felix/0000-0003-3858-3494 FU Rutgers; New Jersey Medical School-Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Laboratory of Edward Flynn FX We thank Kommarkur Hognason, Andrew P. Thomas, William Taggart, and Kevin O'Driscoll for suggestions and critique. We thank Kommarkur Hognason for assisting with the neuronal measurements. Financial support was provided by the Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School-Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Edward Flynn. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 EI 1879-3169 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 230 IS 2 BP 122 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.03.012 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AP2CV UT WOS:000341881000004 PM 24680925 ER PT J AU Corsini, E Luebke, RW Germolec, DR DeWitt, JC AF Corsini, Emanuela Luebke, Robert W. Germolec, Dori R. DeWitt, Jamie C. TI Perfluorinated compounds: Emerging POPs with potential immunotoxicity SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Perfluorinated compounds; Immunosuppression; PPAR-alpha receptor; Cytokine; Vaccination ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID PFOA; B P65 SUBUNIT; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; POLYFLUOROALKYL COMPOUNDS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; DIETARY EXPOSURE; PRODUCTION PLANT AB Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been recognized as an important class of environmental contaminants commonly detected in blood samples of both wildlife and humans. These compounds have been in use for more than 60 years as surface treatment chemicals, polymerization aids, and surfactants. They possess a strong carbon-fluorine bond, which leads to their environmental persistence. There is evidence from both epidemiology and laboratory studies that PFCs may be immunotoxic, affecting both cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Reported effects of PFCs include decreased spleen and thymus weights and cellularity, reduced specific antibody production, reduced survival after influenza infection, and altered cytokine production. Immunosuppression is a critical effect associated with exposure to PFCs, as it has been reported to reduce antibody responses to vaccination in children. Mounting evidence suggests that immunotoxicity in experimental animals can occur at serum concentrations below, within, or just above the reported range for highly exposed humans and wildlife. Considering bioaccumulation and exposure to multiple PFCs, the risk of immunotoxicity for humans and wildlife cannot be discounted. This review will discuss current and recently published work exploring the immunomodulatory effects of PFCs in experimental animals and humans. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Corsini, Emanuela] Univ Milan, Toxicol Lab, Dept Pharmacol & Biomol Sci, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Luebke, Robert W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Germolec, Dori R.] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [DeWitt, Jamie C.] E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Greenville, NC USA. RP Corsini, E (reprint author), Univ Milan, Toxicol Lab, DiSFeB, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM emanuela.corsini@unimi.it OI DeWitt, Jamie/0000-0002-0440-4059 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 81 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 9 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 EI 1879-3169 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 230 IS 2 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.038 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AP2CV UT WOS:000341881000019 PM 24503008 ER PT J AU He, XX de la Cruz, AA O'Shea, KE Dionysiou, DD AF He, Xuexiang de la Cruz, Armah A. O'Shea, Kevin E. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Kinetics and mechanisms of cylindrospermopsin destruction by sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cylindrospermopsin; UV-254 nm; Persulfate; Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs); Sulfate radical; Mechanism ID CYANOBACTERIAL TOXIN CYLINDROSPERMOPSIN; HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION REACTIONS; ELECTRON-SPIN RESONANCE; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; RATE CONSTANTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROCYSTIN-LR; POTASSIUM PEROXODISULFATE; ACTIVATED PERSULFATE AB Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a potent cyanobacterial toxin frequently found in water bodies worldwide raising concerns over the safety of drinking and recreational waters. A number of technologies have been investigated to remove and/or degrade cyanotoxins with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) being among the most promising and effective for water detoxification. In this study, the degradation of CYN by sulfate radical-based UV-254 nm-AOPs was evaluated. The LTV/S2O82- (UV/peroxydisulfate) was more efficient than UV/HSO5- (UV/peroxysulfate) and UV/H2O2 (UV/hydrogen peroxide) processes when natural water samples were used as reaction matrices. The observed UV fluence based pseudo-first-order rate constants followed the expected order of radical quantum yields. The presence of 200 mu M natural organic matter (NOM) as carbon slightly inhibited the destruction of CYN; 1.24 mg L-1 NO3- (nitrate) had no significant influence on the removal efficiency and 50 mu g L-1 Fe2+ [iron (2+)] or Cu2+ [copper (2+)] improved the performance of LTV/S2O82-. The addition of tert-butyl alcohol (t-BuOH; hydroxyl radical scavenger) in the reaction yielded byproducts that indicated specific sites in CYN preferentially attacked by sulfate radicals (SRs). The predominant CYN degradation byproduct was P-448 consistent with fragmentation of the C5=C6 bond of the uracil ring. The subsequent formation of P-420 and P-392 through a stepwise loss of carbonyl group(s) further supported the fragmentation pathway at C5=C6. The byproduct P-432 was identified exclusively as mono-hydroxylation of CYN at tricyclic guanidine ring, whereas P-414 was detected as dehydrogenation at the tricyclic ring. The elimination of sulfate group and the opening of tricyclic ring were also observed. The possible degradation pathways of CYN by SR-AOP were presented. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Xuexiang; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [O'Shea, Kevin E.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [He, Xuexiang; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cyprus, NIREAS Int Water Res Ctr, Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu RI He, Xuexiang/D-7564-2017 FU Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation; Republic of Cyprus; European Regional Development Fund of the EU [NEA IPODOMI/STRATH/0308/09]; University Research Council of University of Cincinnati; Graduate School of UC FX This work was funded by the Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation through Desmi 2009-2010 which is co-funded by the Republic of Cyprus and the European Regional Development Fund of the EU under contract number NEA IPODOMI/STRATH/0308/09. X. H. is grateful for the University Research Council of University of Cincinnati for a Summer Research Fellowship and Graduate School of UC for a Dissertation Completion Fellowship. D. D. D. acknowledges support from the University of Cincinnati through a UNESCO co-Chair Professor position on "Water Access and Sustainability". We are thankful to Greater Cincinnati Water Works for providing water samples. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this manuscript do not reflect the views and policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement. NR 67 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 23 U2 200 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 63 BP 168 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.004 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AO0IB UT WOS:000340991200017 PM 25000199 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JJ Smolenski, RL Nietch, CT Townsend-Small, A Elovitz, MS AF Beaulieu, Jake J. Smolenski, Rebecca L. Nietch, Christopher T. Townsend-Small, Amy Elovitz, Michael S. TI High Methane Emissions from a Midlatitude Reservoir Draining an Agricultural Watershed SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; LAKE; CARBON; SEDIMENT; FLUX; OXIDATION; SURFACES; OXYGEN; RATES; DAMS AB Reservoirs are a globally significant source of methane (CH4), although most measurements have been made in tropical and boreal systems draining undeveloped watersheds. To assess the magnitude of CH4 emissions from reservoirs in midlatitude agricultural regions, we measured CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission rates from William H. Harsha Lake (Ohio, U.S.A.), an agricultural impacted reservoir, over a 13 month period. The reservoir was a strong source of CH4 throughout the year, emitting on average 176 +/- 36 mg C m(-2) d(-1), the highest reservoir CH4 emissions profile documented in the United States to date. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, the largest CH4 emissions were during summer stratified conditions, not during fall turnover. The river-reservoir transition zone emitted CH4 at rates an order of magnitude higher than the rest of the reservoir, and total carbon emissions (i.e., CH4 + CO2) were also greater at the transition zone, indicating that the river delta supported greater carbon mineralization rates than elsewhere. Midlatitude agricultural impacted reservoirs may be a larger source of CH4 to the atmosphere than currently recognized, particularly if river deltas are consistent CH4 hot spots. We estimate that CH4 emissions from agricultural reservoirs could be a significant component of anthropogenic CH4 emissions in the U.S.A. C1 [Beaulieu, Jake J.; Smolenski, Rebecca L.; Nietch, Christopher T.; Elovitz, Michael S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Smolenski, Rebecca L.; Townsend-Small, Amy] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Townsend-Small, Amy] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Beaulieu, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM beaulieu.jake@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX We thank Jade Young and Jim O'Boyle of the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers for logistical support. We also thank Kit Daniels, Dana Macke, Eric Kleiner, and Don Brown for field and lab assistance. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed this research. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 7 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 19 BP 11100 EP 11108 DI 10.1021/es501871g PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ7RJ UT WOS:000343016600013 PM 25158047 ER PT J AU Green, HC White, KM Kelty, CA Shanks, OC AF Green, Hyatt C. White, Karen M. Kelty, Cathy A. Shanks, Orin C. TI Development of Rapid Canine Fecal Source Identification PCR-Based Assays SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; GENETIC-MARKERS; DOGS; BACTEROIDALES; COMMUNITY; HUMANS; QPCR; METAGENOMES AB The extent to which dogs contribute to aquatic fecal contamination is unknown despite the potential for zoonotic transfer of harmful human pathogens. We used genome fragment enrichment (GFE) to identify novel nonribosomal microbial genetic markers potentially useful for detecting dog fecal contamination with PCR-based methods in environmental samples. Of the 679 sequences obtained from GFE, we used 84 for the development of PCR assays targeting putative canine-associated genetic markers. Twelve genetic markers were shown to be prevent among dog fecal samples and were rarely found in other animals. Three assays, DG3, DG37, and DG72, performed best in terms of specificity and sensitivity and were used for the development of SYBR Green and TaqMan quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays qPCR analysis of 244 fecal samples collected from a wide geographic range indicated that marker concentrations were below limits of detection in noncanine hosts. As a proof-of-concept, these markers were detected in urban stormwater samples, suggesting a future application of newly developed methods for water quality monitoring. C1 [Green, Hyatt C.; White, Karen M.; Kelty, Cathy A.; Shanks, Orin C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Shanks, OC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shanks.orin@epa.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 7 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 19 BP 11453 EP 11461 DI 10.1021/es502637b PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ7RJ UT WOS:000343016600055 PM 25203917 ER PT J AU Juhasz, AL Smith, E Nelson, C Thomas, DJ Bradham, K AF Juhasz, Albert L. Smith, Euan Nelson, Clay Thomas, David J. Bradham, Karen TI Variability Associated with As in Vivo-in Vitro Correlations When Using Different Bioaccessibility Methodologies SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; ARSENIC BIOAVAILABILITY; RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY; ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY; DIGESTION MODELS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; LEAD; ASSAY; VALIDATION; ABSORPTION AB To evaluate the capabilities of in vitro assays to predict arsenic (As) relative bioavailability (RBA), we examined the relationship between As bioaccessibility, determined using a number of in vitro bioaccessibility (IVBA) methodologies (SBRC, IVG, PBET, DIN and UBM) and As RBA determined in a mouse assay for nine As-contaminated soils and 1 NIST reference material (2710a). Significant differences (P < 0.05) in As IVBA were observed within and between assays indicating that different IVBA methodologies may not produce congruent data, as a result of variability in the extracting medium constituents and/or differences in the pH of gastric and intestinal phases. When results of in vivo determinations of As RBA were compared with As IVBA results, there was no significant difference in slopes of the relationships (P = 0.49-0.88) when SBRC, IVG, PBET, DIN, and UBM gastric and intestinal phase data were used. A significantly (P < 0.05) smaller y-intercept was, however, determined for the in vivo-SBRC gastric phase correlation compared to SBRC, IVG, PBET, and DIN intestinal phase, a factor that may influence prediction of As RBA, especially for soils with low As RBA. When in vivo-in vitro relationships were compared to previously derived correlations from the literature, some differences were observed. These differences may be attributed to factors affecting both in vivo and in vitro data including physiological differences in animal models (e.g., mouse versus swine), which may influence As absorption, differences in the approach used to estimate As RBA, and variability arising from subtle interoperator differences in performance of in vitro assays. C1 [Juhasz, Albert L.; Smith, Euan] Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. [Nelson, Clay; Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Juhasz, AL (reprint author), Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. EM Albert.Juhasz@unisa.edu.au RI Juhasz, Albert/F-6600-2011 OI Juhasz, Albert/0000-0002-1164-4085 FU Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development for this research. This article was reviewed in accordance with the policy of the National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the view and policies of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 7 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 19 BP 11646 EP 11653 DI 10.1021/es502751z PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ7RJ UT WOS:000343016600078 PM 25157927 ER PT J AU Spanbauer, TL Allen, CR Angeler, DG Eason, T Fritz, SC Garmestani, AS Nash, KL Stone, JR AF Spanbauer, Trisha L. Allen, Craig R. Angeler, David G. Eason, Tarsha Fritz, Sherilyn C. Garmestani, Ahjond S. Nash, Kirsty L. Stone, Jeffery R. TI Prolonged Instability Prior to a Regime Shift SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EARLY-WARNING SIGNALS; FISHER INFORMATION; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; MULTIDECADAL DROUGHT; CRITICAL TRANSITIONS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM; TIME; RESILIENCE AB Regime shifts are generally defined as the point of 'abrupt' change in the state of a system. However, a seemingly abrupt transition can be the product of a system reorganization that has been ongoing much longer than is evident in statistical analysis of a single component of the system. Using both univariate and multivariate statistical methods, we tested a long-term high-resolution paleoecological dataset with a known change in species assemblage for a regime shift. Analysis of this dataset with Fisher Information and multivariate time series modeling showed that there was a, 2000 year period of instability prior to the regime shift. This period of instability and the subsequent regime shift coincide with regional climate change, indicating that the system is undergoing extrinsic forcing. Paleoecological records offer a unique opportunity to test tools for the detection of thresholds and stable-states, and thus to examine the long-term stability of ecosystems over periods of multiple millennia. C1 [Spanbauer, Trisha L.; Fritz, Sherilyn C.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Spanbauer, Trisha L.; Fritz, Sherilyn C.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE USA. [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden. [Eason, Tarsha; Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Nash, Kirsty L.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Stone, Jeffery R.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Syst, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. RP Spanbauer, TL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM tspanbauer@unl.edu RI Nash, Kirsty/B-5456-2015 OI Nash, Kirsty/0000-0003-0976-3197 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; August T. Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; NSF's Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) program (NSF) [0903469]; Sedimentary Geology & Paleobiology program (NSF) [1251678] FX The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. This work was supported in part by the August T. Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and the NSF's Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) program (NSF #0903469) and the Sedimentary Geology & Paleobiology program (NSF #1251678). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 38 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 3 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 AR e108936 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0108936 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AQ3DZ UT WOS:000342670800040 PM 25280010 ER PT J AU Chorley, BN Nelson, G Carswell, G Mortensen, H Crooks, J Ward, W Wood, C Jackson, AF Yauk, C Recio, L Hester, S AF Chorley, Brian Norris Nelson, Gail Carswell, Gleta Mortensen, Holly Crooks, James Ward, William Wood, Charles Jackson, Anna F. Yauk, Carole Recio, Les Hester, Susan TI Liver and blood miRNA alterations as putative biomarkers of hepatotoxic response to short-term furan exposure in mice SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Cancer-Research (AACR) CY APR 05-09, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res C1 [Chorley, Brian Norris; Nelson, Gail; Carswell, Gleta; Mortensen, Holly; Crooks, James; Ward, William; Wood, Charles; Hester, Susan] US EPA, Durham, NC USA. [Jackson, Anna F.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Yauk, Carole] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Recio, Les] Integrated Syst Lab Inc, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 74 IS 19 SU S MA 5226 DI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5226 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA CB8VR UT WOS:000349910204177 ER PT J AU Weinstein, JN Kim, J Creighton, CJ Akbani, R Hoadley, KA Kim, WY Morgan, MB Hinoue, T Cherniack, A Su, X Mungall, AJ Ryan, MC Rosenberg, JE Bajorin, DF Czerniak, B Hansel, D Reuter, VE Robinson, BD Al-Ahmadie, HA Damrauer, JS Zhang, W Liu, Y Gordenin, D Stuart, JM Schultz, N Robertson, G Kucherlapati, R Laird, PW Mills, GB Kwiatkowski, DJ Lerner, SP AF Weinstein, John N. Kim, Jaegil Creighton, Chad J. Akbani, Rehan Hoadley, Katherine A. Kim, William Y. Morgan, Margaret B. Hinoue, Toshinori Cherniack, Andrew Su, Xiaoping Mungall, Andrew J. Ryan, Michael C. Rosenberg, Jonathan E. Bajorin, Dean F. Czerniak, Bogdan Hansel, Donna Reuter, Victor E. Robinson, Brian D. Al-Ahmadie, Hikmat A. Damrauer, Jeffrey S. Zhang, Wei Liu, Yuexin Gordenin, Dmitry Stuart, Joshua M. Schultz, Nikolaus Robertson, Gordon Kucherlapati, Raju Laird, Peter W. Mills, Gordon B. Kwiatkowski, David J. Lerner, Seth P. CA TCGAs Bladder Canc Working Grp TI Comprehensive characterization of urothelial bladder cancer: a TCGA Project update SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Cancer-Research (AACR) CY APR 05-09, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res C1 [Weinstein, John N.; Akbani, Rehan; Su, Xiaoping] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kim, Jaegil; Cherniack, Andrew] MIT, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kim, Jaegil; Cherniack, Andrew] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Creighton, Chad J.] Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Dan L Duncan Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hoadley, Katherine A.] Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Kim, William Y.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Morgan, Margaret B.] Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hinoue, Toshinori; Laird, Peter W.] Univ So Calif, Epigenome Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Mungall, Andrew J.; Robertson, Gordon] Canadas Michael Smith Genome Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Ryan, Michael C.] In Silico Solut, Fairfax, VA USA. [Rosenberg, Jonathan E.; Bajorin, Dean F.; Reuter, Victor E.; Al-Ahmadie, Hikmat A.; Schultz, Nikolaus] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Czerniak, Bogdan; Zhang, Wei; Liu, Yuexin] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hansel, Donna] UCSD Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA USA. [Robinson, Brian D.] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Damrauer, Jeffrey S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Genet, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Gordenin, Dmitry] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Stuart, Joshua M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Kucherlapati, Raju] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Partners HealthCare Ctr Genet & Genom, Boston, MA USA. [Mills, Gordon B.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Syst Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kwiatkowski, David J.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lerner, Seth P.] Baylor Coll Med, Scott Dept Urol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 74 IS 19 SU S MA 987 DI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-987 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA CB8UN UT WOS:000349906905454 ER PT J AU Newcomer Johnson, TA Kaushal, SS Mayer, PM Grese, MM AF Newcomer Johnson, Tamara A. Kaushal, Sujay S. Mayer, Paul M. Grese, Melissa M. TI Effects of stormwater management and stream restoration on watershed nitrogen retention SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Denitrification; Hydrologic connectivity; Floodplains; Stormwater management; Stream restoration; Urban watershed continuum approach ID URBAN LANDSCAPE; LAND-USE; ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION; RIPARIAN ZONES; DEGRADED URBAN; ORGANIC-CARBON; CHESAPEAKE BAY; DENITRIFICATION; GROUNDWATER; NUTRIENT AB Restoring urban infrastructure and managing the nitrogen cycle represent emerging challenges for urban water quality. We investigated whether stormwater control measures (SCMs), a form of green infrastructure, integrated into restored and degraded urban stream networks can influence watershed nitrogen loads. We hypothesized that hydrologically connected floodplains and SCMs are "hot spots" for nitrogen removal through denitrification because they have ample organic carbon, low dissolved oxygen levels, and extended hydrologic residence times. We tested this hypothesis by comparing nitrogen retention metrics in two urban stream networks (one restored and one urban degraded) that each contain SCMs, and a forested reference watershed at the Baltimore Long-Term Ecological Research site. We used an urban watershed continuum approach which included sampling over both space and time with a combination of: (1) longitudinal reach-scale mass balances of nitrogen and carbon conducted over 2 years during baseflow and storms (n = 24 sampling dates x 15 stream reaches = 360) and (2) N-15 push-pull tracer experiments to measure in situ denitrification in SCMs and floodplain features (n = 72). The SCMs consisted of inline wetlands installed below a storm drain outfall at one urban site (restored Spring Branch) and a wetland/wet pond configured in an oxbow design to receive water during high flow events at another highly urbanized site (Gwynns Run). The SCMs significantly decreased total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) concentrations at both sites and significantly increased dissolved organic carbon concentrations at one site. At Spring Branch, TDN retention estimated by mass balance (g/day) was similar to 150 times higher within the stream network than the SCMs. There were no significant differences between mean in situ denitrification rates between SCMs and hydrologically connected floodplains. Longitudinal N budgets along the stream network showed that hydrologically connected floodplains were important sites for watershed nitrogen retention due to groundwater-surface water interactions. Overall, our results indicate that hydrologic variability can influence nitrogen source/sink dynamics along engineered stream networks. Our analysis also suggests that some major predictors for watershed N retention were: (1) streamwater and groundwater flux through stream restoration or stormwater management controls, (2) hydrologic residence times, and (3) surface area of hydrologically connected features. C1 [Newcomer Johnson, Tamara A.; Kaushal, Sujay S.; Grese, Melissa M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Newcomer Johnson, Tamara A.; Kaushal, Sujay S.; Grese, Melissa M.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Mayer, Paul M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Newcomer Johnson, TA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Sea Grant Off, 1315 East West Highway SSMC 3 11876, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Tammy.Newcomer@NOAA.gov RI Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013; Newcomer Johnson, Tamara/D-1045-2013; OI Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189; Newcomer Johnson, Tamara/0000-0002-2496-7641; Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU MD Sea Grant Awards [SA7528085-U, R/WS-2, NA05OAR4171042]; NSF [DBI 0640300, CBET 1058502]; EPA NNEMS Award [2010-308]; NASA [NASA NNX11AM28G]; U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development; Baltimore Ecosystem Study LTER project [NSF DEB-0423476] FX This research was supported by MD Sea Grant Awards SA7528085-U, R/WS-2 and NA05OAR4171042, NSF Awards DBI 0640300 and CBET 1058502, EPA NNEMS Award 2010-308, NASA grant NASA NNX11AM28G, the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, and Baltimore Ecosystem Study LTER project (NSF DEB-0423476). We thank Melanie Harrison, Jeff Campbell, Katie Delaney-Newcomb, Gwen Sivirichi, Michael Pennino, Dan Dillon, Shuiwang Duan, Casie Smith, and Rich Foot for assistance in the lab and field. Steve Stewart, Prakash Mistry, and Bill Stack provided help with selection of field sites and logistical support. The research has not been subjected to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of any of the funding agencies, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 80 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD OCT PY 2014 VL 121 IS 1 BP 81 EP 106 DI 10.1007/s10533-014-9999-5 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AP2NG UT WOS:000341908600005 ER PT J AU Kitchin, KT Grulke, E Robinette, BL Castellon, BT AF Kitchin, Kirk T. Grulke, Eric Robinette, Brian L. Castellon, Benjamin T. TI Metabolomic effects in HepG2 cells exposed to four TiO2 and two CeO2 nanomaterials SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VITRO; PARTICLES; TOXICITY; CYTOTOXICITY; MECHANISMS; STRATEGIES; SAFETY AB It is difficult to evaluate nanomaterials potential toxicity and to make science-based societal choices. To better assess potential hepatotoxicity issues, human liver HepG2 cells were exposed to four TiO2 and two CeO2 nanomaterials at 30 ug ml(-1) for three days with dry mean primary particle sizes ranging from 8 to 142 nm. Two nanomaterials were also run at 3 ug ml(-1). A metabolomics study was then performed using three mass spectroscopy dependent platforms (LC and GC). Five of the six nanomaterials strongly reduced glutathione concentration. The two strongest effects were from exposures to a TiO2 (59 nm) and a CeO2 (8 nm), both from NanoAmor. The decreases in the GSH system were observed in (a) GSH precursors (glutamate and cysteine), (b) GSH itself and (c) GSH metabolites (the gamma-glutamyl condensation products with glutamate, glutamine, alanine, valine and also 5-oxoproline and cysteine-GSH). The glutathione decreases were the largest decreases seen among the 265 biochemical metabolites determined and is consistent with nanomaterials acting via an oxidative stress mode of action. CeO2, but not TiO2, increased asymmetric dimethylarginine concentration and thus possible decreases in iNOS activity and NO concentration could result. One CeO2 (8 nm from NanoAmor) increased concentrations of many lipids, particularly fatty acids. Similar statistically significant elevations were seen in several other classes of lipids (lysolipid, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol and sphingolipid) but not in all classes of lipids (glycerolipid, carnitine and fatty acid dicarboxylate). None of the other 5 nanomaterials had this lipid effect. Thus, metabolomic analysis of nanomaterial treated HepG2 cells revealed several previously unknown biochemical effects. C1 [Kitchin, Kirk T.; Robinette, Brian L.; Castellon, Benjamin T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Grulke, Eric] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Kitchin, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, 109 Alexander Dr,Mail Drop B105-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kitchin.kirk@epa.gov; eric.grulke@uky.edu; robinette.brian@epa.gov; ben.castellon@gmail.com RI Castellon, Benjamin/I-4117-2014 OI Castellon, Benjamin/0000-0001-8883-076X NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2051-8153 EI 2051-8161 J9 ENVIRON-SCI NANO JI Environ.-Sci. Nano PD OCT PY 2014 VL 1 IS 5 BP 466 EP 477 DI 10.1039/c4en00096j PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AZ1BC UT WOS:000347974400006 ER PT J AU Lash, LH Chiu, WA Guyton, KZ Rusyn, I AF Lash, Lawrence H. Chiu, Weihsueh A. Guyton, Kathryn Z. Rusyn, Ivan TI Trichloroethylene biotransformation and its role in mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and target organ toxicity SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Cytochrome P450-dependent oxidation; Glutathione conjugation; Kidney; Liver; Reactive intermediates; Trichloroethylene ID CONJUGATE BETA-LYASE; GLUTAMINE TRANSAMINASE-K; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; PROXIMAL TUBULAR CELLS; FLAVIN-CONTAINING MONOOXYGENASES; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; BASAL-LATERAL MEMBRANE; UNSCHEDULED DNA-SYNTHESIS; RABBIT LIVER-MICROSOMES; HEALTH-RISK ASSESSMENT AB Metabolism is critical for the mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and other adverse health effects of trichloroethylene (TCE). Despite the relatively small size and simple chemical structure of TCE, its metabolism is quite complex, yielding multiple intermediates and end-products. Experimental animal and human data indicate that TCE metabolism occurs through two major pathways: cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent oxidation and glutathione (GSH) conjugation catalyzed by GSH S-transferases (GSTs). Herein we review recent data characterizing ICE processing and flux through these pathways. We describe the catalytic enzymes, their regulation and tissue localization, as well as the evidence for transport and inter-organ processing of metabolites. We address the chemical reactivity of TCE metabolites, highlighting data on mutagenicity of these end-products. Identification in urine of key metabolites, particularly trichloroacetate (TCA), dichloroacetate (DCA), trichloroethanol and its glucuronide (TCOH and TCOG), and N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichloroviny1)-L-cysteine (NAcDCVC), in exposed humans and other species (mostly rats and mice) demonstrates function of the two metabolic pathways in vivo. The CYP pathway primarily yields chemically stable end-products. However, the GST pathway conjugate S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione (DCVG) is further processed to multiple highly reactive species that are known to be mutagenic, especially in kidney where in situ metabolism occurs. TCE metabolism is highly variable across sexes, species, tissues and individuals. Genetic polymorphisms in several of the key enzymes metabolizing TCE and its intermediates contribute to variability in metabolic profiles and rates. In all, the evidence characterizing the complex metabolism of TCE can inform predictions of adverse responses including mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and acute and chronic organ-specific toxicity. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lash, Lawrence H.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Sch Med, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chiu, Weihsueh A.; Guyton, Kathryn Z.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Rusyn, Ivan] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Lash, LH (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Sch Med, 540 East Canfield Ave, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM l.h.lash@wayne.edu; Chiu.Weihsueh@epa.gov; guytonk@iarc.fr; iir@unc.edu RI Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016; OI Lash, Lawrence/0000-0003-3239-4481 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES005948] NR 191 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 EI 1388-2139 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD OCT-DEC PY 2014 VL 762 BP 22 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.04.003 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA AY4YY UT WOS:000347582000002 PM 25484616 ER PT J AU Kelly, FL Sun, J Fischer, BM Voynow, JA Kummarapurugu, AB Zhang, HL Nugent, JL Beasley, RF Martinu, T Gwinn, WM Morgan, DL Palmer, SM AF Kelly, Francine L. Sun, Jesse Fischer, Bernard M. Voynow, Judith A. Kummarapurugu, Apparao B. Zhang, Helen L. Nugent, Julia L. Beasley, Robert F. Martinu, Tereza Gwinn, William M. Morgan, Daniel L. Palmer, Scott M. TI Diacetyl Induces Amphiregulin Shedding in Pulmonary Epithelial Cells and in Experimental Bronchiolitis Obliterans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphiregulin; TNF-alpha-converting enzyme; epidermal growth factor receptor; diacetyl; bronchiolitis obliterans ID EGFR LIGANDS; FIBROSIS; WORKERS; LUNG; EXPRESSION; NECROSIS; RATS; MICE AB Diacetyl (DA), a component of artificial butter flavoring, has been linked to the development of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), a disease of airway epithelial injury and airway fibrosis. The epidermal growth factor receptor ligand, amphiregulin (AREG), has been implicated in other types of epithelial injury and lung fibrosis. We investigated the effects of DA directly on the pulmonary epithelium, and we hypothesized that DA exposure would result in epithelial cell shedding of AREG. Consistent with this hypothesis, we demonstrate that DA increases AREG by the pulmonary epithelial cell line NCI-H292 and by multiple independent primary human airway epithelial donors grown under physiologically relevant conditions at the air-liquid interface. Furthermore, we demonstrate that AREG shedding occurs through a TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE)-dependent mechanism via inhibition of TACE activity in epithelial cells using the small molecule inhibitor, TNF-alpha protease inhibitor-1, as well as TACE-specific small inhibitor RNA. Finally, we demonstrate supportive in vivo results showing increased AREG transcript and protein levels in the lungs of rodents with DA-induced BO. In summary, our novel in vitro and in vivo observations suggest that further study of AREG is warranted in the pathogenesis of DA-induced BO. C1 [Kelly, Francine L.; Sun, Jesse; Zhang, Helen L.; Nugent, Julia L.; Beasley, Robert F.; Martinu, Tereza; Palmer, Scott M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Fischer, Bernard M.; Voynow, Judith A.; Kummarapurugu, Apparao B.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pediat Pulm & Sleep Med, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Gwinn, William M.; Morgan, Daniel L.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kelly, FL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, 2 Genome Court,DUMC 103002, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM fran.kelly@duke.edu FU Roche Organs Transplant Foundation; National Institutes of Health [R01 ES016836]; Lung Transplant Foundation [R01 ES016836]; Alpha 1 Foundation FX This work was supported by the Roche Organs Transplant Foundation and the Lung Transplant Foundation, by National Institutes of Health grant R01 ES016836 (J.A.V.), and by the Alpha 1 Foundation (B.M.F.). NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1044-1549 EI 1535-4989 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 51 IS 4 BP 568 EP 574 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0339OC PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA AY2KK UT WOS:000347418700011 PM 24816162 ER PT J AU Lin, YS Ho, WC Caffrey, JL Sonawane, B AF Lin, Yu-Sheng Ho, Wen-Chao Caffrey, James L. Sonawane, Babasaheb TI Low serum zinc is associated with elevated risk of cadmium nephrotoxicity SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cadmium; Zinc; Albuminuria; Glomerular filtration rate; Kidney; Renal ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; EXAMINATION SURVEY NHANES; CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; 2ND NATIONAL-HEALTH; LOW-LEVEL CADMIUM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RENAL TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; PROTECTION; HYPERTENSION AB Background: Despite animal evidence suggests that zinc modulates cadmium nephrotoxicity, limited human data are available. Objective: To test the hypothesis that low serum zinc concentrations may increase the risk of cadmium-mediated renal dysfunction in humans. Methods: Data from 1545 subjects aged 20 or older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-2012 were analyzed. Renal function was defined as impaired when estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) fell below 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and/or the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio surpassed 2.5 in men and 3.5 mg/mmol in women. Results: Within the study cohort, 117 subjects had reduced eGFR and 214 had elevated urinary albumin. After adjusting for potential confounders, subjects with elevated blood cadmium (> 0.53 mu g/L) were more likely to have a reduced eGFR (odds ratio [OR]=2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-4.50) and a higher urinary albumin (OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.13-3.69) than their low cadmium (< 0.18 mu g/L) peers. In addition, for any given cadmium exposure, low serum zinc is associated with elevated risk of reduced eGFR (OR=3.38, 95% CI: 1.39-8.28). A similar increase in the odds ratio was observed between declining serum zinc and albuminuria but failed to reach statistical significance. Those with lower serum zinc/blood cadmium ratios were likewise at a greater risk of renal dysfunction (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study results suggest that low serum zinc concentrations are associated with an increased risk of cadmium nephrotoxicity. Elevated cadmium exposure is global public health issue and the assessment of zinc nutritional status may be an important covariate in determining its effective renal toxicity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lin, Yu-Sheng; Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Ho, Wen-Chao] China Med Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth, Taichung, Taiwan. [Caffrey, James L.] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Integrat Physiol & Cardiovasc Res Inst, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Lin, YS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Lin.Yu-Sheng@epa.gov RI HO, WEN CHAO/M-1378-2013 NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 134 SI SI BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2014.06.013 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AX3CB UT WOS:000346817100006 PM 25042034 ER PT J AU Lanzinger, S Breitner, S Neas, L Cascio, W Diaz-Sanchez, D Hinderliter, A Peters, A Devlin, RB Schneider, A AF Lanzinger, Stefanie Breitner, Susanne Neas, Lucas Cascio, Wayne Diaz-Sanchez, David Hinderliter, Alan Peters, Annette Devlin, Robert B. Schneider, Alexandra TI The impact of decreases in air temperature and increases in ozone on markers of endothelial function in individuals having type-2 diabetes SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Endothelial dysfunction; Temperature; Ozone; Particulate matter; Interactive effects; Epidemiology ID FLOW-MEDIATED VASODILATION; CASE-CROSSOVER ANALYSIS; BRACHIAL-ARTERY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE; CARDIAC EVENTS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; POLLUTION; DYSFUNCTION; ASSOCIATION AB Several studies have reported an association between air pollution and endothelial dysfunction, especially in individuals having diabetes. However, very few studies have examined the impact of air temperature on endothelial function. The objective of this analysis was to investigate short-term effects of temperature and ozone on endothelial function in individuals having diabetes. Moreover, we investigated interactive effects between air temperature and air pollution on markers of endothelial function. Between November 2004 and December 2005 flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), nitroglycerin-mediated dilatation (NTGMD) and several blood markers representing endothelial function were measured using brachial artery ultrasound on four consecutive days in 22 individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Chapel Hill, North Carolina (USA). Daily measurements of meteorological parameters, ozone and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <= 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) were obtained from fixed monitoring sites. We used additive mixed-models adjusting for time trend, day of the week, relative humidity and barometric pressure to assess temperature and ozone associations with endothelial function. A 1 degrees C decrease in the 24-h temperature average was associated with a decrease in mean FMD on the same day (-2.2% (95%-confidence interval:[-4.7;0.3%])) and with a delay of one and four days. A temperature decrement also led to an immediate (-1.7[-3.3; -0.04]) decrease in NTGMD. Moreover, we observed an immediate (-14.6%[-263; -2.9%]) and a one day delayed (-13.5% [-27.0; 0.04%]) decrease in FMD in association with a 0.01 ppm increase in the maximum 8-h moving average of ozone. Temperature effects on FMD strengthened when PM2.5 and ozone concentrations were high. The associations were similar during winter and summer. We detected an association between temperature decreases and ozone increases on endothelial dysfunction in individuals having diabetes. We conclude that endothelial dysfunction might be a possible mechanism explaining cardiovascular events in association with environmental stimuli. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lanzinger, Stefanie; Breitner, Susanne; Peters, Annette; Schneider, Alexandra] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Epidemiol 2, Neuherberg, Germany. [Neas, Lucas; Cascio, Wayne; Diaz-Sanchez, David; Devlin, Robert B.] Environm Protect Agcy, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hinderliter, Alan] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Lanzinger, S (reprint author), Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Epidemiol 2, Neuherberg, Germany. EM stefanie.lanzinger@helmholtz-muenchen.de RI Peters, Annette/A-6117-2011; Schneider, Alexandra/B-5347-2014; Breitner, Susanne/B-5348-2014 OI Breitner, Susanne/0000-0002-0956-6911 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR83346301, RD832415]; General Clinical Research Centers program of the Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health [RR00046]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) FX The study was partly funded through a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency cooperative agreement CR83346301. The analysis was performed in cooperation with the Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II and partly funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through STAR grant RD832415 to the University of Rochester. The study was supported in part by a grant (RR00046) from the General Clinical Research Centers program of the Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health. Moreover, this study was supported in part by a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) to the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.). The research described in this paper has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and the policies of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 134 SI SI BP 331 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.003 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AX3CB UT WOS:000346817100045 PM 25199974 ER PT J AU Messner, MJ Berger, P Nappier, SP AF Messner, Michael J. Berger, Philip Nappier, Sharon P. TI Fractional Poisson-A Simple Dose-Response Model for Human Norovirus SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Beta-Poisson; dose-response; fractional Poisson; immunity; infection; Norovirus ID NORWALK VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; GASTROENTERITIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; OUTBREAKS; WATER AB This study utilizes old and new Norovirus (NoV) human challenge data to model the dose-response relationship for human NoV infection. The combined data set is used to update estimates from a previously published beta-Poisson dose-response model that includes parameters for virus aggregation and for a beta-distribution that describes variable susceptibility among hosts. The quality of the beta-Poisson model is examined and a simpler model is proposed. The new model (fractional Poisson) characterizes hosts as either perfectly susceptible or perfectly immune, requiring a single parameter (the fraction of perfectly susceptible hosts) in place of the two-parameter beta-distribution. A second parameter is included to account for virus aggregation in the same fashion as it is added to the beta-Poisson model. Infection probability is simply the product of the probability of nonzero exposure (at least one virus or aggregate is ingested) and the fraction of susceptible hosts. The model is computationally simple and appears to be well suited to the data from the NoV human challenge studies. The model's deviance is similar to that of the beta-Poisson, but with one parameter, rather than two. As a result, the Akaike information criterion favors the fractional Poisson over the beta-Poisson model. At low, environmentally relevant exposure levels (<100), estimation error is small for the fractional Poisson model; however, caution is advised because no subjects were challenged at such a low dose. New low-dose data would be of great value to further clarify the NoV dose-response relationship and to support improved risk assessment for environmentally relevant exposures. C1 [Messner, Michael J.; Berger, Philip; Nappier, Sharon P.] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Messner, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Mailcode 4607M,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Messner.Michael@epa.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1820 EP 1829 DI 10.1111/risa.12207 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA AU0NR UT WOS:000345320600007 PM 24724739 ER PT J AU Phillips, DL Inger, R Bearhop, S Jackson, AL Moore, JW Parnell, AC Semmens, BX Ward, EJ AF Phillips, Donald L. Inger, Richard Bearhop, Stuart Jackson, Andrew L. Moore, Jonathan W. Parnell, Andrew C. Semmens, Brice X. Ward, Eric J. TI Best practices for use of stable isotope mixing models in food-web studies SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Review DE consumers; diet; food chain; isotopic ratios; trophic level ID INCORPORATING CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE; DISCRIMINATION FACTORS DELTA-N-15; CONSUMER-DIET; PRIOR INFORMATION; SEASONAL-CHANGES; CARBON ISOTOPES; NITROGEN; ECOLOGY; DELTA-C-13; TURNOVER AB Stable isotope mixing models are increasingly used to quantify consumer diets, but may be misused and misinterpreted. We address major challenges to their effective application. Mixing models have increased rapidly in sophistication. Current models estimate probability distributions of source contributions, have user-friendly interfaces, and incorporate complexities such as variability in isotope signatures, discrimination factors, hierarchical variance structure, covariates, and concentration dependence. For proper implementation of mixing models, we offer the following suggestions. First, mixing models can only be as good as the study and data. Studies should have clear questions, be informed by knowledge of the system, and have strong sampling designs to effectively characterize isotope variability of consumers and resources on proper spatio-temporal scales. Second, studies should use models appropriate for the question and recognize their assumptions and limitations. Decisions about source grouping or incorporation of concentration dependence can influence results. Third, studies should be careful about interpretation of model outputs. Mixing models generally estimate proportions of assimilated resources with substantial uncertainty distributions. Last, common sense, such as graphing data before analyzing, is essential to maximize usefulness of these tools. We hope these suggestions for effective implementation of stable isotope mixing models will aid continued development and application of this field. C1 [Phillips, Donald L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Inger, Richard; Bearhop, Stuart] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Environm & Sustainabil Inst, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. [Jackson, Andrew L.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Nat Sci, Dept Zool, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Moore, Jonathan W.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Parnell, Andrew C.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Math Sci Stat, Complex & Adapt Syst Lab, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Semmens, Brice X.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Phillips, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM phillips.donald@epa.gov RI Jackson, Andrew/D-3441-2009; Parnell, Andrew/C-7284-2014; Inger, Richard/D-3445-2009; OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0001-7334-0434; Parnell, Andrew/0000-0001-7956-7939; Inger, Richard/0000-0003-1660-3706; Bearhop, Stuart/0000-0002-5864-0129 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX The information in this review has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the EPA. We thank K. A. Hobson and A. L. Bond for constructive comments on an earlier draft. NR 98 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 19 U2 157 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 92 IS 10 BP 823 EP 835 DI 10.1139/cjz-2014-0127 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AT6EF UT WOS:000345031300001 ER PT J AU Arunachalam, S Valencia, A Akita, Y Serre, ML Omary, M Garcia, V Isakov, V AF Arunachalam, Saravanan Valencia, Alejandro Akita, Yasuyuki Serre, Marc L. Omary, Mohammad Garcia, Valerie Isakov, Vlad TI A Method for Estimating Urban Background Concentrations in Support of Hybrid Air Pollution Modeling for Environmental Health Studies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE air quality model; human exposure; background concentration; kriging; STOK; on-road emissions; traffic; NOx; PM2.5 ID NEAR-ROAD EXPOSURES; POPULATION EXPOSURES; DISPERSION MODEL; POLLUTANTS; CMAQ; EPIDEMIOLOGY; METRICS; SYSTEM; NEXUS AB Exposure studies rely on detailed characterization of air quality, either from sparsely located routine ambient monitors or from central monitoring sites that may lack spatial representativeness. Alternatively, some studies use models of various complexities to characterize local-scale air quality, but often with poor representation of background concentrations. A hybrid approach that addresses this drawback combines a regional-scale model to provide background concentrations and a local-scale model to assess impacts of local sources. However, this approach may double-count sources in the study regions. To address these limitations, we carefully define the background concentration as the concentration that would be measured if local sources were not present, and to estimate these background concentrations we developed a novel technique that combines space-time ordinary kriging (STOK) of observations with outputs from a detailed chemistry-transport model with local sources zeroed out. We applied this technique to support an exposure study in Detroit, Michigan, for several pollutants (including NOx and PM2.5), and evaluated the estimated hybrid concentrations (calculated by combining the background estimates that addresses this issue of double counting with local-scale dispersion model estimates) using observations. Our results demonstrate the strength of this approach specifically by eliminating the problem of double-counting reported in previous hybrid modeling approaches leading to improved estimates of background concentrations, and further highlight the relative importance of NOx vs. PM2.5 in their relative contributions to total concentrations. While a key limitation of this approach is the requirement for another detailed model simulation to avoid double-counting, STOK improves the overall characterization of background concentrations at very fine spatial scales. C1 [Arunachalam, Saravanan; Valencia, Alejandro; Omary, Mohammad] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. [Akita, Yasuyuki; Serre, Marc L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Garcia, Valerie; Isakov, Vlad] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Arunachalam, S (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, 100 Europa Dr,Suite 490, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. EM sarav@email.unc.edu; valenal@email.unc.edu; akita@email.unc.edu; marc_serre@unc.edu; omary@email.unc.edu; Garcia.Val@epa.gov; Isakov.Vlad@epa.gov OI serre, marc/0000-0003-3145-4024 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development [EP-D-07-102, EP-W-09-023] FX We gratefully acknowledge the U.S. EPA's Atmospheric Modeling and Analysis Division (AMAD) for providing the base case CMAQ simulation used in this work, and Elizabeth Adams of UNC for her assistance with the CMAQ simulations performed for this research. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments that greatly helped improve the overall paper. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under Contract Nos. EP-D-07-102 and EP-W-09-023 to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This paper has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 23 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD OCT PY 2014 VL 11 IS 10 BP 10518 EP 10536 DI 10.3390/ijerph111010518 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AS6FA UT WOS:000344358700035 PM 25321872 ER PT J AU Seo, M Lee, S Kim, JH Lee, WH Hu, G Elledge, SJ Suk, K AF Seo, Minchul Lee, Shinrye Kim, Jong-Heon Lee, Won-Ha Hu, Guang Elledge, Stephen J. Suk, Kyoungho TI RNAi-based functional selection identifies novel cell migration determinants dependent on PI3K and AKT pathways SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET; PUTATIVE TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; PROTEIN-KINASE CK2; CANCER CELL; REGULATORY SUBUNIT; CYCLE PROGRESSION; OVARIAN-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; HUMAN-DISEASE; KAPPA-B AB Lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated genetic screening is a powerful tool for identifying loss-of-function phenotype in mammalian cells. Here, we report the identification of 91 cell migration-regulating genes using unbiased genome-wide functional genetic selection. Individual knockdown or cDNA overexpression of a set of 10 candidates reveals that most of these cell migration determinants are strongly dependent on the PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway and on their downstream signals, such as FOXO1 and p70S6K1. ALK, one of the cell migration promoting genes, uniquely uses p55 gamma regulatory subunit of PI3K, rather than more common p85 subunit, to trigger the activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Our method enables the rapid and cost-effective genome-wide selection of cell migration regulators. Our results emphasize the importance of the PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway as a point of convergence for multiple regulators of cell migration. C1 [Seo, Minchul; Lee, Shinrye; Kim, Jong-Heon; Suk, Kyoungho] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Plus KNU Biomed Convergence Program BK21, Dept Pharmacol,Brain Sci & Engn Inst, Taegu, South Korea. [Seo, Minchul] Dongguk Univ, Coll Med, Gyeongju, South Korea. [Lee, Shinrye] Korea Brain Res Inst, Taegu, South Korea. [Lee, Won-Ha] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Life Sci & Biotechnol, KNU Creat BioRes Grp, Taegu, South Korea. [Hu, Guang] Natl Inst Environm Hlth & Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Elledge, Stephen J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Genet,Howard Hughes Med Inst,Div Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Suk, K (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Plus KNU Biomed Convergence Program BK21, Dept Pharmacol,Brain Sci & Engn Inst, Taegu, South Korea. EM ksuk@knu.ac.kr FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korea government (MSIP) [2008-0062282, 2012M3A9B6055414]; Korean Health technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea [A111345]; DOD Breast Cancer Innovator Award; SU2C at Howard Hughes Medical Institute FX This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (Nos 2008-0062282 and 2012M3A9B6055414) and by a grant from the Korean Health technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (A111345). This work was also supported by a DOD Breast Cancer Innovator Award and a grant from SU2C to S.J.E. at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The authors thank Dr Young-il Park at Young-il Sciences Inc. (Daegu, Korea) for generously providing Incucyte and Woundmaker (Essen BioScience, Ann Arbor, MI). NR 70 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 5 AR 5217 DI 10.1038/ncomms6217 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS0QO UT WOS:000343982800006 PM 25347953 ER PT J AU Sundstrom, SM Angeler, DG Garmestani, AS Garcia, JH Allen, CR AF Sundstrom, Shana M. Angeler, David G. Garmestani, Ahjond S. Garcia, Jorge-H. Allen, Craig R. TI Transdisciplinary Application of Cross-Scale Resilience SO SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Article DE complex adaptive systems; cross-scale dynamics; discontinuities; quantitative resilience; multidisciplinary application; social-ecological systems ID COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS; CITY SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; BODY-MASS DISTRIBUTIONS; FOOD WEBS; REGIME SHIFTS; CRITICAL TRANSITIONS; FUNCTIONAL RICHNESS; RELATIVE RESILIENCE; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AB The cross-scale resilience model was developed in ecology to explain the emergence of resilience from the distribution of ecological functions within and across scales, and as a tool to assess resilience. We propose that the model and the underlying discontinuity hypothesis are relevant to other complex adaptive systems, and can be used to identify and track changes in system parameters related to resilience. We explain the theory behind the cross-scale resilience model, review the cases where it has been applied to non-ecological systems, and discuss some examples of social-ecological, archaeological/anthropological, and economic systems where a cross-scale resilience analysis could add a quantitative dimension to our current understanding of system dynamics and resilience. We argue that the scaling and diversity parameters suitable for a resilience analysis of ecological systems are appropriate for a broad suite of systems where non-normative quantitative assessments of resilience are desired. Our planet is currently characterized by fast environmental and social change, and the cross-scale resilience model has the potential to quantify resilience across many types of complex adaptive systems. C1 [Sundstrom, Shana M.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Garcia, Jorge-H.] CICERO, Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Sundstrom, SM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM sundstrom.shana@gmail.com; david.angeler@slu.se; garmestani.ahjond@epa.gov; j.h.garcia@cicero.oslo.no; allencr@unl.edu OI Sundstrom, Shana/0000-0003-0823-8008 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; August T. Larsson foundation (NJ Faculty, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences); USGS; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Shana M. Sundstrom was supported by an assistantship from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln School of Natural Resources, and by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada doctoral grant. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Support from the August T. Larsson foundation (NJ Faculty, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) is acknowledged. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the USGS, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 147 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 43 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2071-1050 J9 SUSTAINABILITY-BASEL JI Sustainability PD OCT PY 2014 VL 6 IS 10 BP 6925 EP 6948 DI 10.3390/su6106925 PG 24 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS6DU UT WOS:000344355700023 ER PT J AU Jensen, ET Daniels, JL Sturmer, T Robinson, WR Williams, CJ Moster, D Juliusson, PB Vejrup, K Magnus, P Longnecker, MP AF Jensen, E. T. Daniels, J. L. Stuermer, T. Robinson, W. R. Williams, C. J. Moster, D. Juliusson, P. B. Vejrup, K. Magnus, P. Longnecker, M. P. TI Maternal hormonal contraceptive use and offspring overweight or obesity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article ID GESTATIONAL DIABETES-MELLITUS; BIRTH-WEIGHT; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURE; PREGNANCY; METABOLISM; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN AB BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Experiments in animal models have shown a positive association between in utero exposure to pharmacologic sex hormones and offspring obesity. The developmental effects of such hormones on human obesity are unknown. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Using data from a large, prospective pregnancy cohort study (n = 19 652), with linkage to a national prescription registry, we evaluated the association between use of hormonal contraceptives before and after conception (defined from dispensed prescription data and characterized by last date of use relative to conception, 12 to >4 months before (n = 3392), 4 to >1 months before (n = 2541), 1 to >0 months before (n = 2997) and 0-12 weeks after (n = 567)) in relation to offspring overweight or obesity at age 3 years. RESULTS: We observed a weak, inverse association between early pregnancy use of a combination oral contraceptive and offspring overweight or obesity at age 3 (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53, 1.08) and a positive, but imprecise, association with use of a progestin-only oral contraceptive in early pregnancy (adjusted OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.79, 2.02). In general, no association was observed between the use of a hormonal contraceptive before conception and offspring overweight or obesity. A sensitivity analysis comparing combination oral contraceptive users in early pregnancy to other unplanned pregnancies without hormonal contraceptive use further strengthened the inverse association (adjusted OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.48, 1.02). Other sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the associations observed given varying assumptions. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacologic sex hormones in early pregnancy may be inversely or positively associated with offspring overweight or obesity at age 3, depending on the specific formulation used. The present study provides support for the potential for environmental sources of hormonally active agents to exert developmental effects. C1 [Jensen, E. T.; Williams, C. J.; Longnecker, M. P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Epidemiol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Jensen, E. T.; Daniels, J. L.; Stuermer, T.; Robinson, W. R.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Moster, D.] Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, Norway. [Juliusson, P. B.] Univ Bergen, Dept Clin Sci, Bergen, Norway. [Vejrup, K.; Magnus, P.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Oslo, Norway. RP Jensen, ET (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Epidemiol, NIH, POB 12233,Mail Drop A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM elizabeth.jensen@nih.gov RI Jensen, Elizabeth/L-1466-2016; OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES102985]; University of North Carolina institutional training grant award for reproductive, perinatal, and pediatric epidemiology [T32HD052468]; National Cancer Institute [1K01CA172717- 01]; Carolina Population Center [R24 HD050924]; Norwegian Ministry of Health [N01-ES-75558]; NIH/NIEHS; NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [1 UO1 NS 047537-01]; Norwegian Research Council/FUGE [151918/S10] FX We are grateful to all the participating families in Norway who took part in this ongoing cohort study. This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES102985 to CJW), the University of North Carolina institutional training grant award for reproductive, perinatal, and pediatric epidemiology (grant T32HD052468 to ETJ), the National Cancer Institute (1K01CA172717- 01 to WRR), and the Carolina Population Center (R24 HD050924 to WRR). The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health, contract N01-ES-75558 with the NIH/NIEHS, NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (grant 1 UO1 NS 047537-01) and the Norwegian Research Council/FUGE (grant 151918/S10). NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 EI 1476-5497 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1275 EP 1281 DI 10.1038/ijo.2014.114 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA AR6CA UT WOS:000343669200003 PM 24984751 ER PT J AU Wong, K Bouchard, D Molina, M AF Wong, Kelvin Bouchard, Dermont Molina, Marirosa TI Relative transport of human adenovirus and MS2 in porous media SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES LA English DT Article DE Adenovirus; MS2; Fate and transport; Filtration; Ionic strength; Deposition ID SAND COLUMNS; DEPOSITION KINETICS; VIRUS RETENTION; ENTERIC VIRUSES; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL; AGGREGATION; SALMONELLA; BACTERIOPHAGES; ATTACHMENT AB Human adenovirus (HAdV) is the most prevalent enteric virus found in the water environment by numerous monitoring studies and MS2 is the most common surrogate used for previous virus transport studies. However, the current knowledge on the transport behavior of HAdV in porous media and the transport relationship between HAdV and MS2 is very limited. In this study, we investigated the influence of ionic strength (IS) on the transport behaviors of HAdV, MS2, and pilus-associated MS2 (p-MS2) in saturated quartz sand columns. Retention of HAdV was higher than MS2 in all three IS (1, 10 and 100 mM NaCl), especially in 10 and 100 mM where virus recoveries in the effluent samples were <= 1% for HAdV, but >= 55% for MS2. Derjaguin and Landau, Verwey and Overbeek (DLVO) theory alone cannot explain why the deposition of HAdV was so much higher. HAdV retention may be strongly enhanced by attaching its long fibers to the sand surface and this deposition mechanism is supported by DLVO energy profiles which show that HAdV can approach the sand surface within reach of its fibers at 10 and 100 mM NaCl. Results of transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and 0.05 mu m membrane filtration suggest that the majority of MS2 cultured by Escherichia coli Famp were associated with a residue of pill. Although retention of pilus-associated MS2 (p-MS2) in the column was just slightly higher than individual MS2 particles, membrane filtration results indicated potentially important differences between removal of MS2 and p-MS2 by filtration with finer pore sizes. This is the first study reporting (1) increasing differences in the transport of HAdV and MS2 in porous media with an increase in ionic strength; (2) significant influence of pilus-association to MS2 removal by membrane and porous media filtration; and (3) a mechanistic explanation for the deposition differences of HAdV and MS2 using virus morphology information and DLVO theory. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wong, Kelvin; Bouchard, Dermont; Molina, Marirosa] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Wong, K (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM wong.kelvin@epa.gov; molina.marirosa@epa.gov NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7765 EI 1873-4367 J9 COLLOID SURFACE B JI Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 122 BP 778 EP 784 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.08.020 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Materials Science GA AR5GK UT WOS:000343612900097 PM 25194593 ER PT J AU Keith, DJ AF Keith, Darryl J. TI Satellite remote sensing of chlorophyll a in support of nutrient management in the Neuse and Tar-Pamlico River (North Carolina) estuaries SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MERIS; Chlorophyll a; Nutrient management; Estuaries; Neuse River; Tar-Pamlico River ID WATER-QUALITY; SOUND ESTUARY; PHYTOPLANKTON; USA; RESPONSES AB The North Carolina Environmental Management Commission (EMC) has adopted as a water quality standard that chlorophyll a concentration should not exceed 40 mu g/L in sounds, estuaries and other slow-moving waters. In 1996, nutrient load reductions were placed into North Carolina (NC) law to reduce the extent and duration of algal blooms in the Neuse and Tar River estuaries (Session Law 1995, Section 572). The chlorophyll a criterion was used as the endpoint to manage total nitrogen concentrations, and compliance would be achieved if chl a exceedances occurred in fewer than 10% of the samples collected in a specified area and time (known as the 10/40 criterion). In 2009, discussions were held between the North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resources (NCDENR) and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concerning the practicality of using satellite-derived chl a concentrations to monitor water quality, enforce water quality-related environmental regulations, and understand the environmental impacts of the watershed land-use practices on coastal waters. In this study, the MERIS chlorophyll a data product was used to conduct a retrospective analysis of the NC standard for water quality and Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for total nitrogen in the Neuse and Tar-Pamlico River estuaries from 2006 to 2009. From daily MERIS images, compliance and chlorophyll exceedances in the Neuse and Tar-Pamlico River estuaries were assessed at daily and aggregated to annual time scales. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Keith, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM keith.darryl@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development (ORD) Safe and Sustainable Waters Research Program FX This is EPA publication EPA/600/RS-13/247. The information in this document has been funded wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development (ORD) Safe and Sustainable Waters Research Program. It has been subjected to review by the ORD National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. The MERIS data used for this work were provided by the European Space Agency. The mention of trade names or commercial products in this manuscript does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 153 BP 61 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.05.019 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AR5KI UT WOS:000343623300006 ER PT J AU Koustas, E Lam, J Sutton, P Johnson, PI Atchley, DS Sen, S Robinson, K Axelrad, DA Woodruff, TJ AF Koustas, Erica Lam, Juleen Sutton, Patrice Johnson, Paula I. Atchley, Dylan S. Sen, Saunak Robinson, Karen A. Axelrad, Daniel A. Woodruff, Tracey J. TI The Navigation Guide-Evidence-Based Medicine Meets Environmental Health: Systematic Review of Nonhuman Evidence for PFOA Effects on Fetal Growth SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review ID AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE APFO; RESTRICTED GESTATIONAL EXPOSURES; MAMMARY-GLAND DEVELOPMENT; NATIONAL BIRTH COHORT; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; POLYFLUOROALKYL COMPOUNDS; PERFLUORINATED CHEMICALS; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS AB BACKGROUND: In contrast to current methods of expert-based narrative review, the Navigation Guide is a systematic and transparent method for synthesizing environmental health research from multiple evidence streams. The Navigation Guide was developed to effectively and efficiently translate the available scientific evidence into timely prevention-oriented action. OBJECTIVES: We applied the Navigation Guide systematic review method to answer the question "Does fetal developmental exposure to perfluoro-octanoic acid (PFOA) or its salts affect fetal growth in animals ?" and to rate the strength of the experimental animal evidence. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of the literature, applied prespecified criteria to the search results to identify relevant studies, extracted data from studies, obtained additional information from study authors, conducted meta-analyses, and rated the overall quality and strength of the evidence. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. From the meta-analysis of eight mouse gavage data sets, we estimated that exposure of pregnant mice to increasing concentrations of PFOA was associated with a change in mean pup birth weight of -0.023 g (95% CI: -0.029, -0.016) per 1-unit increase in dose (milligrams per kilogram body weight per day). The evidence, consisting of 15 mammalian and 6 nonmammalian studies, was rated as "moderate" and "low" quality, respectively. CONCLUSION: Based on this first application of the Navigation Guide methodology, we found sufficient evidence that fetal developmental exposure to PFOA reduces fetal growth in animals. C1 [Koustas, Erica; Lam, Juleen] US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ ORISE Postdoctoral Fell, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Off Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Sutton, Patrice; Johnson, Paula I.; Atchley, Dylan S.; Woodruff, Tracey J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Program Reprod Hlth & Environm, Oakland, CA USA. [Sen, Saunak] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Robinson, Karen A.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Robinson, Karen A.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Robinson, Karen A.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Axelrad, Daniel A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Off Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Koustas, E (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW,1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM koustas.erica@epa.gov FU Internship/Research Participation Program at the National Center for Environmental Economics, U.S. EPA; New York Community Trust; U.S. EPA [GAIA-0-6-UCSF 17288]; Clarence Heller Foundation; Passport Foundation; Forsythia Foundation; Johnson Family Foundation; Heinz Endowments; Fred Gellert Foundation; Rose Foundation; Kaiser Permanente; Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies; Planned Parenthood Federation of America; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES018135, ESO22841]; U.S. EPA STAR [RD83467801, RD83543301] FX This research was supported, in part, by appointments of E.K. and J.L. to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the National Center for Environmental Economics, U.S. EPA, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. EPA. T.J.W. is a member of the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies. Financial support for development of the PFOA case study was through grants from the New York Community Trust and the U.S. EPA through a contract with Abt Associates (GAIA-0-6-UCSF 17288). For 2009-2013, support for the development and dissemination of the Navigation Guide methodology was provided by the Clarence Heller Foundation, the Passport Foundation, the Forsythia Foundation, the Johnson Family Foundation, the Heinz Endowments, the Fred Gellert Foundation, the Rose Foundation, Kaiser Permanente, the New York Community Trust, the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grants ES018135 and ESO22841), and U.S. EPA STAR grants (RD83467801 and RD83543301). NR 87 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 32 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 122 IS 10 BP 1015 EP 1027 DI 10.1289/ehp.1307177 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AQ9BO UT WOS:000343136200013 PM 24968374 ER PT J AU Johnson, PI Sutton, P Atchley, DS Koustas, E Lam, J Sen, S Robinson, KA Axelrad, DA Woodruff, TJ AF Johnson, Paula I. Sutton, Patrice Atchley, Dylan S. Koustas, Erica Lam, Juleen Sen, Saunak Robinson, Karen A. Axelrad, Daniel A. Woodruff, Tracey J. TI The Navigation Guide-Evidence-Based Medicine Meets Environmental Health: Systematic Review of Human Evidence for PFOA Effects on Fetal Growth SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review ID PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID EXPOSURE; NATIONAL BIRTH COHORT; PERFLUORINATED CHEMICALS; PERFLUOROALKYLATED SUBSTANCES; DRINKING-WATER; SERUM-LEVELS; PREGNANCY; WEIGHT; SULFONATE; RISK AB BACKGROUND: The Navigation Guide methodology was developed to meet the need for a robust method of systematic and transparent research synthesis in environmental health science. We conducted a case study systematic review to support proof of concept of the method. OBJECTIVE: We applied the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology to determine whether developmental exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) affects fetal growth in humans. METHODS: We applied the first 3 steps of the Navigation Guide methodology to human epidemiological data: 1) specify the study question, 2) select the evidence, and 3) rate the quality and strength of the evidence. We developed a protocol, conducted a comprehensive search of the literature, and identified relevant studies using prespecified criteria. We evaluated each study for risk of bias and conducted meta-analyses on a subset of studies. We rated quality and strength of the entire body of human evidence. RESULTS: We identified 18 human studies that met our inclusion criteria, and 9 of these were combined through meta-analysis. Through meta-analysis, we estimated that a 1-ng/mL increase in serum or plasma PFOA was associated with a -18.9 g (95% CI: -29.8, -7.9) difference in birth weight. We concluded that the risk of bias across studies was low, and we assigned a "moderate" quality rating to the overall body of human evidence. CONCLUSION: On the basis of this first application of the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology, we concluded that there is "sufficient" human evidence that developmental exposure to PFOA reduces fetal growth. C1 [Johnson, Paula I.; Sutton, Patrice; Atchley, Dylan S.; Woodruff, Tracey J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Program Reprod Hlth & Environm, Oakland, CA USA. [Koustas, Erica; Lam, Juleen] US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ ORISE Postdoctoral Fell, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Off Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Sen, Saunak] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Robinson, Karen A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Robinson, Karen A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Robinson, Karen A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Axelrad, Daniel A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Off Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Johnson, PI (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Occupat Hlth Branch, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,Bldg P, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM paula.johnson@cdph.ca.gov FU New York Community Trust; U.S. EPA [GAIA-0-6-UCSF 17288]; Internship/Research Participation Program at the National Center for Environmental Economics, U.S. EPA; Clarence Heller Foundation; Passport Foundation; Forsythia Foundation; Johnson Family Foundation; Heinz Endowments; Fred Gellert Foundation; Rose Foundation; Kaiser Permanente; UCSF Institute for Health Policy Studies; Planned Parenthood Federation of America; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES018135, ESO22841]; U.S. EPA STAR [RD83467801, RD83543301] FX This research was funded through grants from New York Community Trust and the U.S. EPA through a contract with Abt Associates (GAIA-0-6-UCSF 17288). E.K. and J.L. were supported in part by appointments to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the National Center for Environmental Economics, U.S. EPA, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. EPA. For 2009-2013, support for the development and dissemination of the Navigation Guide methodology was provided by the Clarence Heller Foundation, the Passport Foundation, the Forsythia Foundation, the Johnson Family Foundation, the Heinz Endowments, the Fred Gellert Foundation, the Rose Foundation, Kaiser Permanente, the New York Community Trust, the UCSF Institute for Health Policy Studies, Planned Parenthood Federation of America, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES018135 and ESO22841), and U.S. EPA STAR grants (RD83467801 and RD83543301). T.J.W is a faculty member at the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, UCSF. NR 67 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 34 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 122 IS 10 BP 1028 EP 1039 DI 10.1289/ehp.1307893 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AQ9BO UT WOS:000343136200014 PM 24968388 ER PT J AU Lam, J Koustas, E Sutton, P Johnson, PI Atchley, DS Sen, S Robinson, K Axelrad, DA Woodruff, TJ AF Lam, Juleen Koustas, Erica Sutton, Patrice Johnson, Paula I. Atchley, Dylan S. Sen, Saunak Robinson, Karen A. Axelrad, Daniel A. Woodruff, Tracey J. TI The Navigation Guide-Evidence-Based Medicine Meets Environmental Health: Integration of Animal and Human Evidence for PFOA Effects on Fetal Growth SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review ID PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID PFOA; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; DRINKING-WATER; BIRTH-WEIGHT; PERFLUOROALKYLATED SUBSTANCES; PUBLICATION BIAS; SERUM-LEVELS; EXPOSURE; QUALITY AB BACKGROUND: The Navigation Guide is a novel systematic review method to synthesize scientific evidence and reach strength of evidence conclusions for environmental health decision making. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to integrate scientific findings from human and nonhuman studies to determine the overall strength of evidence for the question "Does developmental exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) affect fetal growth in humans?" METHODS: We developed and applied prespecified criteria to systematically and transparently a) rate the quality of the scientific evidence as "high," "moderate," or "low"; b) rate the strength of the human and nonhuman evidence separately as "sufficient," "limited," "moderate," or "evidence of lack of toxicity"; and c) integrate the strength of the human and nonhuman evidence ratings into a strength of the evidence conclusion. RESULTS: We identified 18 epidemiology studies and 21 animal toxicology studies relevant to our study question. We rated both the human and nonhuman mammalian evidence as "moderate" quality and "sufficient" strength. Integration of these evidence ratings produced a final strength of evidence rating in which review authors concluded that PFOA is " known to be toxic" to human reproduction and development based on sufficient evidence of decreased fetal growth in both human and nonhuman mammalian species. CONCLUSION: We concluded that developmental exposure to PFOA adversely affects human health based on sufficient evidence of decreased fetal growth in both human and nonhuman mammalian species. The results of this case study demonstrate the application of a systematic and transparent methodology, via the Navigation Guide, for reaching strength of evidence conclusions in environmental health. C1 [Lam, Juleen; Koustas, Erica] US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ ORISE Postdoctoral Fell, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Off Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Sutton, Patrice; Johnson, Paula I.; Atchley, Dylan S.; Woodruff, Tracey J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Program Reprod Hlth & Environm, Oakland, CA USA. [Sen, Saunak] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Robinson, Karen A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Robinson, Karen A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Robinson, Karen A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Axelrad, Daniel A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lam, J (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 624 N Broadway,Room 412, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM jlam5@jhu.edu FU Internship/Research Participation Program at the National Center for Environmental Economics, U.S. EPA; Environmental Defense Fund (Washington, DC); U.S. EPA [GAIA-0-6-UCSF 17288]; New York Community Trust; UCSF Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment by the Clarence Heller Foundation; Passport Foundation; Forsythia Foundation; Johnson Family Foundation; Heinz Endowments; Fred Gellert Foundation; Rose Foundation; Kaiser Permanente; UCSF Institute for Health Policy Studies; Planned Parenthood Federation of America; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES018135, ESO22841]; U.S. EPA STAR [RD83467801, RD83543301] FX The research was supported in part by appointments of J.L. and E. K. to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the National Center for Environmental Economics, U.S. EPA, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. EPA. T.J.W. is a member of the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, UCSF. J.L. was partially funded by the Environmental Defense Fund (Washington, DC). This research was also funded by the U.S. EPA through a contract with Abt Associates (GAIA-0-6-UCSF 17288) and grants from the New York Community Trust. For 2009-2013, financial support for the development and dissemination of the Navigation Guide methodology on which this case study was based was provided to the UCSF Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment by the Clarence Heller Foundation, the Passport Foundation, the Forsythia Foundation, the Johnson Family Foundation, the Heinz Endowments, the Fred Gellert Foundation, the Rose Foundation, Kaiser Permanente, the New York Community Trust, the UCSF Institute for Health Policy Studies, Planned Parenthood Federation of America, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES018135 and ESO22841), and U.S. EPA STAR grants (RD83467801 and RD83543301). NR 84 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 42 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 122 IS 10 BP 1040 EP 1051 DI 10.1289/ehp.1307923 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AQ9BO UT WOS:000343136200015 PM 24968389 ER PT J AU Markunas, CA Xu, ZL Harlid, S Wade, PA Lie, RT Taylor, JA Wilcox, AJ AF Markunas, Christina A. Xu, Zongli Harlid, Sophia Wade, Paul A. Lie, Rolv T. Taylor, Jack A. Wilcox, Allen J. TI Identification of DNA Methylation Changes in Newborns Related to Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; NICOTINE DEPENDENCE; DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS; PARENTAL SMOKING; EXPRESSION; DISEASE; GALNT2; ACTIVATION; SMOKERS; FRMD4A AB BACKGROUND: Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with significant infant morbidity and mortality, and may influence later disease risk. One mechanism by which smoking (and other environmental factors) might have long-lasting effects is through epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation. OBJECTIVES: We conducted an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) investigating alterations in DNA methylation in infants exposed in utero to maternal tobacco smoke, using the Norway Facial Clefts Study. METHODS: The Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip was used to assess DNA methylation in whole blood from 889 infants shortly after delivery. Of 889 mothers, 287 reported smoking-twice as many smokers as in any previous EWAS of maternal smoking. CpG sites related to maternal smoking during the first trimester were identified using robust linear regression. RESULTS: We identified 185 CpGs with altered methylation in infants of smokers at genome-wide significance (q-value < 0.05; mean Delta beta = +/- 2%). These correspond to 110 gene regions, of which 7 have been previously reported and 10 are newly confirmed using publicly available results. Among these 10, the most noteworthy are FRMD4A, ATP9A, GALNT2, and MEG3, implicated in processes related to nicotine dependence, smoking cessation, and placental and embryonic development. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified 10 genes with newly established links to maternal smoking. Further, we note differences between smoking-related methylation changes in newborns and adults, suggesting possible distinct effects of direct versus indirect tobacco smoke exposure as well as potential differences due to age. Further work would be needed to determine whether these small changes in DNA methylation are biologically or clinically relevant. The methylation changes identified in newborns may mediate the association between in utero maternal smoking exposure and later health outcomes. C1 [Markunas, Christina A.; Xu, Zongli; Taylor, Jack A.; Wilcox, Allen J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Harlid, Sophia; Wade, Paul A.; Taylor, Jack A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Lie, Rolv T.] Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, Norway. [Lie, Rolv T.] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Med Birth Registry Norway, Bergen, Norway. RP Wilcox, AJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, POB 12233,Mail Drop A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM wilcox1@niehs.nih.gov OI Harlid, Sophia/0000-0001-8540-6891; xu, zongli/0000-0002-9034-8902; Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311; taylor, jack/0000-0001-5303-6398 FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 47 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 25 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 122 IS 10 BP 1147 EP 1153 DI 10.1289/ehp.1307892 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AQ9BO UT WOS:000343136200030 PM 24906187 ER PT J AU Birnbaum, LS Tart, KT AF Birnbaum, Linda S. Tart, Kimberly Thigpen TI Protecting Our Children from Climate Change SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Birnbaum, Linda S.; Tart, Kimberly Thigpen] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Birnbaum, LS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM birnbaumls@niehs.nih.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 122 IS 10 BP A260 EP A261 DI 10.1289/ehp.1409165 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AQ9BO UT WOS:000343136200001 PM 25271472 ER PT J AU Collins, SE Flotemersch, JE AF Collins, S. E. Flotemersch, J. E. TI EVALUATION OF THE SOUNDING ROD METHOD FOR SAMPLING COARSE RIVERBED SEDIMENTS IN NON-WADEABLE STREAMS AND RIVERS SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Substrate; sediment; assessment; copper-pole method; pole drag; physical habitat ID HABITAT ASSESSMENT; BIODIVERSITY AB The substrate of fluvial systems is regularly characterized as part of a larger physical habitat assessment. These measures are instrumental in meeting the regulatory responsibilities of bioassessment and monitoring programs, and essential to monitoring restoration and rehabilitation success. We describe and validate a commonly used technique for broadly categorizing, and thus characterizing, the substrate in non-wadeable streams and rivers called the sounding rod method. In brief, a rod, often hollow, is used to probe the substrate of non-wadeable systems to characterize the substrate. We tested the viability of this method on three different systems by comparing estimated particle class and direct particle measurements. Our results indicate that substrates can adequately be defined into six broad classes (fine-particle sediment, sand, gravel, cobble, boulder and bedrock) based on size using the sounding rod. Estimated classes were significantly positively correlated to measured classes (tau = 0.83, p< 0.001), and estimates of size class and direct measurements of size were not from significantly different distributions (chi(2)(0.05,9) = 569.51, p< 0.001). Further, there were significant differences between each category (H= 243.5, 3 d.f., p< 0.001). Although our results affirm that actual substrate class size can be directly inferred from estimated data, it should be noted that soft sediments <200mm were not always detected. This finding should be carefully considered with individual study objective. Overall, the sounding rod method can be learned quickly, and it is a low-cost and time-efficient method for substrate classification. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Collins, S. E.; Flotemersch, J. E.] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Collins, S. E.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Flotemersch, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM flotemersch.joseph@epa.gov FU US EPA [EP10D000363] FX This paper received US EPA review and was approved for publication. US EPA Student Services Contract agreement EP10D000363 to Sean Collins partially funded the research described here. We thank Michael Moeykens, Stephen Matter, Megan Lamkin, Natasha Urban, Matt Westbrook and the anonymous reviewers for their critical reviews of the manuscript. We also thank Phil Kaufmann for his insight into this topic. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1065 EP 1069 DI 10.1002/rra.2697 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AQ7YY UT WOS:000343038000012 ER PT J AU Raimondo, S Jackson, CR Krzykwa, J Hemmer, BL Awkerman, JA Barron, MG AF Raimondo, Sandy Jackson, Crystal R. Krzykwa, Julie Hemmer, Becky L. Awkerman, Jill A. Barron, Mace G. TI Developmental toxicity of Louisiana crude oil-spiked sediment to zebrafish SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE South Louisiana crude oil; Sediment exposure; Embryo development; Toxicity; Zebrafish ID EARLY-LIFE STAGES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; RISK-ASSESSMENT; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; SALT MARSHES; FISH; SPILL; IMPACTS; EXPOSURE AB Embryonic exposures to the components of petroleum, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), cause a characteristic suite of developmental defects and cardiotoxicity in a variety of fish species. We exposed zebrafish embryos to reference sediment mixed with laboratory weathered South Louisiana crude oil and to sediment collected from an oiled site in Barataria Bay, Louisiana in December 2010. Laboratory oiled sediment exposures caused a reproducible set of developmental malformations in zebrafish embryos including yolk sac and pericardial edema, craniofacial and spinal defects, and tissue degeneration. Dose-response studies with spiked sediment showed that total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (tPAH) concentrations of 27 mg tPAH/kg (dry weight normalized to 1 percent organic carbon [1 percent OC]) caused a significant increase in defects, and concentrations above 78 mg tPAH/kg 1 percent OC caused nearly complete embryo mortality. No toxicity was observed in Barataria sediment with 2 mg tPAH/kg 1 percent OC. Laboratory aging of spiked sediment at 4 degrees C resulted in a nearly 10-fold decrease in sensitivity over a 40-day period. This study demonstrates oiled sediment as an exposure pathway to fish with dose-dependent effects on embryogenesis that are consistent with PAH mechanisms of developmental toxicity. The results have implications for effects on estuarine fish from oiled coastal areas during the Deepwater Horizon spill. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Raimondo, Sandy; Jackson, Crystal R.; Krzykwa, Julie; Hemmer, Becky L.; Awkerman, Jill A.; Barron, Mace G.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Raimondo, S (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM Raimondo.sandy@epa.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 83 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 EI 1090-2414 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 108 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.07.020 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AQ3XW UT WOS:000342727800036 PM 25105486 ER PT J AU Sierszen, ME Hrabik, TR Stockwell, JD Cotter, AM Hoffman, JC Yule, DL AF Sierszen, Michael E. Hrabik, Thomas R. Stockwell, Jason D. Cotter, Anne M. Hoffman, Joel C. Yule, Daniel L. TI Depth gradients in food-web processes linking habitats in large lakes: Lake Superior as an exemplar ecosystem SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic habitats; food web; Great Lakes; stable isotopes; trophic linkages ID HERRING COREGONUS-ARTEDI; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSES; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; SMELT OSMERUS-MORDAX; DEEP-WATER; FISH COMMUNITY; CULTURAL EUTROPHICATION; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA AB In large lakes around the world, depth-based changes in the abundance and distribution of invertebrate and fish species suggest that there may be concomitant changes in patterns of resource allocation. Using Lake Superior of the Laurentian Great Lakes as an example, we explored this idea through stable isotope analyses of 13 major fish taxa. Patterns in carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios revealed use of both littoral and profundal benthos among populations of most taxa analysed regardless of the depth of their habitat, providing evidence of nearshore-offshore trophic linkages in the largest freshwater lake by area in the world. Isotope-mixing model results indicated that the overall importance of benthic food-web pathways to fish was highest in nearshore species, whereas the importance of planktonic pathways increased in offshore species. These characteristics, shared with the Great Lakes of Africa, Russia and Japan, appear to be governed by two key processes: high benthic production in nearshore waters and the prevalence of diel vertical migration (DVM) among offshore invertebrate and fish taxa. DVM facilitates use of pelagic food resources by deep-water biota and represents an important process of trophic linkage among habitats in large lakes. Support of whole-lake food webs through trophic linkages among pelagic, profundal and littoral habitats appears to be integral to the functioning of large lakes. These linkages can be disrupted though ecosystem disturbance such as eutrophication or the effects of invasive species and should be considered in native species restoration efforts. C1 [Sierszen, Michael E.; Cotter, Anne M.; Hoffman, Joel C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Hrabik, Thomas R.] Univ Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Stockwell, Jason D.] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA. [Yule, Daniel L.] US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI USA. RP Sierszen, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM sierszen.michael@epa.gov FU Minnesota Sea Grant [R/F-15] FX We wish to thank Aisha Beaty, Andrew Just and Corlis West for preparing fish samples for analysis; the Captain and crew of the R/V Kiyi for collecting fish samples; and Shawn Sitar for providing humper lake trout samples and diet information. Sample collection was partially supported by Minnesota Sea Grant R/F-15 to TRH and JDS. The manuscript was greatly improved through constructive comments by Robert Hecky, Donald Phillips and Daniel Schindler. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. This is also contribution number 1866 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 89 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 10 U2 77 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 59 IS 10 BP 2122 EP 2136 DI 10.1111/fwb.12415 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ4IO UT WOS:000342758300009 ER PT J AU Hudson, R Feng, YT Varma, RS Moores, A AF Hudson, Reuben Feng, Yuting Varma, Rajender S. Moores, Audrey TI Bare magnetic nanoparticles: sustainable synthesis and applications in catalytic organic transformations SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS; ASYMMETRIC TRANSFER HYDROGENATION; NANOSCALE IRON PARTICLES; LIGAND-FREE CONDITIONS; EFFICIENT CATALYST; AMMONIA-BORANE; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; FERRITE NANOPARTICLES; PYRROLE HYDROGENATION; FE3O4 NANOPARTICLES AB Magnetic nanoparticles have become increasingly attractive in the field of catalysis over the last decade as they combine interesting reactivity with an easy, economical and environmentally benign mode of recovery. Early strategies focused on the use of such nanoparticles as a vehicle for supporting other catalytic nanomaterials or molecules to facilitate recovery. More recently, research has shown that bare magnetic nanoparticles may serve the dual rote of a catalyst and a magnetically recoverable entity. At the same time, emerging sustainability concepts emphasize the utility of earth abundant and less toxic resources, especially iron. Herein, we review the recent progress made in the assembly of such systems and their direct application in catalysis. Examples of such bare nanoparticles include iron oxide (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4), metal ferrites (MFe2O4, M = Cu, Co and Ni), Fe(0), Co(0), Ni(0), and multi-component nanoparticles. Features such as reactivity, recoverability and leaching are discussed in a critical fashion. C1 [Hudson, Reuben; Feng, Yuting; Moores, Audrey] McGill Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Catalysis & Green Chem, Montreal, PQ H3A 0B8, Canada. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hudson, R (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Catalysis & Green Chem, Otto Maass Chem Bldg,801 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, PQ H3A 0B8, Canada. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov; audrey.moores@mcgill.ca RI Moores, Audrey/C-9997-2011; OI Moores, Audrey/0000-0003-1259-913X; Hudson, Reuben/0000-0001-9612-681X FU Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); Canada Research Chairs (CRC); Fonds de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT); Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC); Green Chemistry - NSERC Collaborative Research and Training Experience (CREATE) Program; McGill University FX We thank Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the Canada Research Chairs (CRC), the Fonds de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), the Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), the Green Chemistry - NSERC Collaborative Research and Training Experience (CREATE) Program, and McGill University for financial support. Vanessa Chazelle is acknowledged for her artistic contributions and Samuel Bastien and Nadi Braidy for insightful comments. NR 153 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 7 U2 168 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 16 IS 10 BP 4493 EP 4505 DI 10.1039/c4gc00418c PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AQ5ZA UT WOS:000342885900003 ER PT J AU Powers, C Hendren, C Wang, A Davis, JM AF Powers, Christina Hendren, Christine Wang, Amy Davis, J. Michael TI Transparent Stakeholder Engagement in Practice: Lessons Learned from Applying Comprehensive Environmental Assessment to Research Planning for Nanomaterials SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MULTICRITERIA DECISION-ANALYSIS; LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; EXPERT JUDGMENT; HUMAN HEALTH; NANOTECHNOLOGY; NANOPARTICLES; EXPOSURE; IDENTIFICATION AB As efforts to develop new applications of engineered nanoscale materials (ENMs) continue to grow, so too has interest in the environmental, health, and safety (EHS) implications of these materials. However, thorough evaluation and interpretation of such implications could require substantial resources (e.g., estimated as >$120 million per year in federal funding 2013-2017). A structured, strategic approach for transparently planning research would support improved linkages between ENM research and risk assessments, and thereby enhance the utility of financial and other resources for EHS studies of ENMs. For this reason, we applied Comprehensive Environmental Assessment (CEA) as an approach to provide transparent input into research planning for 2 types of ENMs: nanoscale titanium dioxide and nanoscale silver. For each of these CEA applications, we employed a collective judgment method known as Nominal Group Technique (NGT) in 2 workshops sponsored by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The objective of this paper is to present the outcomes of these CEA applications in the context of how our methodology can inform future efforts to identify collective goals in science (e.g., research priorities) through structured decision support approaches. Outcomes include clear lists of research priorities for each ENM developed through transparently engaging stakeholders having diverse technical and sector perspectives. In addition, we identified several procedural aspects that could be refined, including emphasizing breakout group interactions, identifying broad information priorities before more detailed research questions, and using rating rather than ranking prioritization methods. Beyond the research directions identified for specific ENMs, lessons learned about engaging stakeholders in research planning are expected to inform future research planning efforts for ENMs and other emerging materials across the scientific community. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:498-510. (c) 2014 SETAC C1 [Powers, Christina] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hendren, Christine] Duke Univ, CEINT, Durham, NC USA. [Wang, Amy] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Davis, J. Michael] US EPA Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Pittsboro, NC USA. EM davis.jmichael@mindspring.com NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 498 EP 510 DI 10.1002/ieam.1537 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AQ2KZ UT WOS:000342616200006 PM 24729532 ER PT J AU Rudd, MA Ankley, GT Boxall, ABA Brooks, BW AF Rudd, Murray A. Ankley, Gerald T. Boxall, Alistair B. A. Brooks, Bryan W. TI International Scientists' Priorities for Research on Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in the Environment SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RESEARCH QUESTIONS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION POLICY; MANAGEMENT POLICY; HEALTH; PRINCIPLES; MAKERS; DESIGN; MODELS AB Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are widely discharged into the environment via diverse pathways. The effects of PPCPs in the environment have potentially important human and ecosystem health implications, so credible, salient, and legitimate scientific evidence is needed to inform regulatory and policy responses that address potential risks. A recent big questions exercise with participants largely from North America identified 22 important research questions around the risks of PPCP in the environment that would help address the most pressing knowledge gaps over the next decade. To expand that analysis, we developed a survey that was completed by 535 environmental scientists from 57 countries, of whom 49% identified environmental or analytical chemistry as their primary disciplinary background. They ranked the 22 original research questions and submitted 171 additional candidate research questions they felt were also of high priority. Of the original questions, the 3 perceived to be of highest importance related to: 1) the effects of long-term exposure to low concentrations of PPCP mixtures on nontarget organisms, 2) effluent treatment methods that can reduce the effects of PPCPs in the environment while not increasing the toxicity of whole effluents, and 3) the assessment of the environmental risks of metabolites and environmental transformation products of PPCPs. A question regarding the role of cultural perspectives in PPCP risk assessment was ranked as the lowest priority. There were significant differences in research orientation between scientists who completed English and Chinese language versions of the survey. We found that the Chinese respondents were strongly orientated to issues of managing risk profiles, effluent treatment, residue bioavailability, and regional assessment. Among English language respondents, further differences in research orientation were associated with respondents' level of consistency when ranking the survey's 15 comparisons. There was increasing emphasis on the role of various other stressors relative to PPCPs and on risk prioritization as internal decision making consistency increased. Respondents' consistency in their ranking choices was significantly and positively correlated with SETAC membership, authors' number of publications, and longer survey completion times. Our research highlighted international scientists' research priorities and should help inform decisions about the type of hazard and risk-based research needed to best inform decisions regarding PPCPs in the environment. Disciplinary training of a scientist or engineer appears to strongly influence preferences for research priorities to understand PPCPs in the environment. Selection of participants and the depth and breadth of research prioritization efforts thus have potential effects on the outcomes of research prioritization exercises. Further elucidation of how patterns of research priority vary between academic and government scientists and between scientists and other government and stakeholders would be useful in the future and provide information that helps focus scientific effort on socially relevant challenges relating to PPCPs in the environment. It also suggests the potential for future collaborative research between industry, government, and academia on environmental contaminants beyond PPCPs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:576-587. (c) 2014 SETAC Key Points To help fill a gap between the data generated by scientists and information required by society, we surveyed 535 environmental scientists from 57 different countries regarding their research priorities relating to PPCPs in the environment. Each survey respondent ranked 22 research questions, drawn from Boxall et al.'s recent question identification exercise, that could provide scientific evidence needed to inform regulatory and policy responses that address potential risks arising from PPCPs in the environment The single most important research question for respondents, in aggregate, related to the effects of long-term exposure to low concentrations of PPCP mixtures on nontarget organisms, but the aggregate ranking masked significant heterogeneity in research orientation among respondents Our results, which identified research priorities among active scientists, should help inform decisions about the type of research needed to best inform decisions regarding PPCPs in the environment and could assist funding agencies to prioritize resource allocation. C1 [Rudd, Murray A.; Boxall, Alistair B. A.] Univ York, Dept Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP Rudd, MA (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. EM murray.rudd@york.ac.uk RI Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; Brooks, Bryan/B-2612-2010 OI Brooks, Bryan/0000-0002-6277-9852 NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 12 U2 98 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 576 EP 587 DI 10.1002/ieam.1551 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AQ2KZ UT WOS:000342616200014 PM 24954797 ER PT J AU Haugland, RA Siefring, SD Varma, M Dufour, AP Brenner, KP Wade, TJ Sams, E Cochran, S Braun, S Sivaganensan, M AF Haugland, Richard A. Siefring, Shawn D. Varma, Manju Dufour, Alfred P. Brenner, Kristen P. Wade, Timothy J. Sams, Elizabeth Cochran, Stacey Braun, Steve Sivaganensan, Mano TI Standardization of enterococci density estimates by EPA qPCR methods and comparison of beach action value exceedances in river waters with culture methods SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Enterococcus; qPCR; Recreational water quality criteria; EPA methods ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RAPIDLY MEASURED INDICATORS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; DEMONSTRATION PROJECT; MARINE BEACHES; QUALITY; QUANTIFICATION; SAMPLES; BACTERIA; ILLNESS AB The U.S. EPA has published recommendations for calibrator cell equivalent (CCE) densities of enterococci in recreational waters determined by a qPCR method in its 2012 recreational water quality criteria (RWQC). The CCE quantification unit stems from the calibration model used to estimate enterococci densities in recreational beach waters in the EPA National Epidemiological and Environmental Assessment of Recreational (NEEAR) Water Study and directly informed the derivation of the RWQC recommendations. Recent studies have demonstrated that CCE estimates from the method can vary when using different cultured Enterococcus cell preparations in calibrator samples. These differences have been attributed to differences in the quantities of targeted gene copies (target sequences) that are recovered per nominal calibrator cell by DNA extraction. Standardization of results from the calibration model will require the estimation of target sequence recoveries from the calibrator and water samples. In addition, comparisons of water sample results with the RWQC values will require a knowledge of target sequence recoveries from the NEEAR study calibrator samples. In this study recoveries of target sequences and the mean target sequence/cell ratio for the NEEAR study calibrator samples were retrospectively estimated with a corroborated standard curve. A modification of the calibration model was then used to estimate enterococci target sequence quantities in water samples from eight midwestem U.S. rivers. CCE estimates were obtained by dividing these target sequence quantities by the mean NEEAR study target sequence/cell ratio. This target sequence-based quantification approach resulted in a high degree of agreement in beach action decisions (determinations of whether bacterial fecal indicator densities are above or below RWQC-recommended values) from CCE results of the qPCR method and from culture dependent enumeration of both enterococci and Eschericia coil in the corresponding water samples. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Haugland, Richard A.; Siefring, Shawn D.; Varma, Manju; Dufour, Alfred P.; Brenner, Kristen P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Wade, Timothy J.; Sams, Elizabeth] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cochran, Stacey; Braun, Steve] Ohio River Valley Water Sanit Commiss, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Sivaganensan, Mano] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Haugland, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM haugland.rich@epa.gov NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 EI 1872-8359 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD OCT PY 2014 VL 105 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.07.007 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA AQ5WO UT WOS:000342879500010 PM 25038459 ER PT J AU Davis, MJ Janke, R Phillips, CA AF Davis, Michael J. Janke, Robert Phillips, Cynthia A. TI Robustness of Designs for Drinking Water Contamination Warning Systems under Uncertain Conditions SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Water distribution systems; Optimization; Simulation; Water quality; Drinking water; Public health ID SENSOR PLACEMENT; NETWORKS; OPTIMIZATION; STATIONS; SECURITY; LAYOUT; MODEL AB Contamination warning systems (CWSs) for drinking water distribution systems (WDSs) are used to reduce the potential adverse effects of intentional or accidental WDS contamination. They are designed on the basis of possible contamination events but often address only a narrow range in event conditions. The influence on their performance of conditions different from those assumed in the design generally is not considered. Using results from simulations done with network models for 11 actual WDSs, it is shown here that CWS performance for high-consequence events can degrade substantially (by an order of magnitude) when conditions such as contaminant toxicity and injection time differ from those used in the design. Generally, increasing the number of sensors does not reduce this sensitivity to changed conditions. The significance of uncertain conditions varies substantially among WDSs. As a consequence of performance changes that occur when conditions change, mean-case designs generally outperform worst-case designs when the objective is to minimize worst-case adverse effects over a range of conditions. The results of this work can be used to implement more robust designs for CWSs, while reducing computational requirements. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Davis, Michael J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Janke, Robert] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Phillips, Cynthia A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Davis, MJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mike_davis@anl.gov; janke.robert@epa.gov; caphill@sandia.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Research and Development; EPA under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Research and Development funded, managed, and participated in the research described here under an interagency agreement. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do no necessarily reflect the views or policies of EPA. Work at Argonne National Laboratory was sponsored by the EPA under interagency agreement through U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Because the information is confidential, the authors cannot disclose the identity of the WDSs studied in this paper or any information that could be used to identify them. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 EI 1943-5452 J9 J WATER RES PLAN MAN JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2014 VL 140 IS 10 AR 04014028 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000408 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA AQ5HP UT WOS:000342838900005 ER PT J AU Beverly, BEJ Lambright, CS Furr, JR Sampson, H Wilson, VS McIntyre, BS Foster, PMD Travlos, G Gray, LE AF Beverly, Brandiese E. J. Lambright, Christy S. Furr, Johnathan R. Sampson, Hunter Wilson, Vickie S. McIntyre, Barry S. Foster, Paul M. D. Travlos, Gregory Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI Simvastatin and Dipentyl Phthalate Lower Ex Vivo Testicular Testosterone Production and Exhibit Additive Effects on Testicular Testosterone and Gene Expression Via Distinct Mechanistic Pathways in the Fetal Rat SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE simvastatin; phthalates; steroidogenesis; cholesterol; sexual differentiation ID N-BUTYL PHTHALATE; COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; COENZYME-A REDUCTASE; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; LEYDIG-CELLS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; STEROIDOGENIC ENZYMES AB Sex differentiation of the male reproductive tract in mammals is driven, in part, by fetal androgen production. In utero, some phthalate esters (PEs) alter fetal Leydig cell differentiation, reducing the expression of several genes associated with steroid synthesis/transport, and consequently, lowering fetal androgen and Insl3 hormone levels. Simvastatin (SMV) is a cholesterol-lowering drug that directly inhibits HMG-CoA reductase. SMV may also disrupt steroid biosynthesis, but through a different mode of action (MOA) than the PEs. As cholesterol is a precursor of steroid hormone biosynthesis, we hypothesized that in utero exposure to SMV during the critical period of sex differentiation would lower fetal testicular testosterone (T) production without affecting genes involved in cholesterol and androgen synthesis and transport. Secondly, we hypothesized that a mixture of SMV and a PE, which may have different MOAs, would reduce testosterone levels in an additive manner. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were dosed orally with SMV, dipentyl phthalate (DPeP), or SMV plus DPeP from gestational days 14-18, and fetuses were evaluated on GD18. On GD18, SMV lowered fetal T production and serum triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol levels, and downregulated two genes in the fetal testis that were different from those altered by PEs. When SMV and DPeP were administered as a mixture, fetal T production was significantly reduced in an additive manner, thus demonstrating that a mixture of chemicals can induce additive effects on fetal T production even though they display different MOAs. C1 [Beverly, Brandiese E. J.; Lambright, Christy S.; Furr, Johnathan R.; Sampson, Hunter; Wilson, Vickie S.; Gray, L. Earl, Jr.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Branch, Toxic Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Beverly, Brandiese E. J.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [McIntyre, Barry S.; Foster, Paul M. D.; Travlos, Gregory] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), MD 72,TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM emgray@mindspring.com OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 FU US Environmental Protection Agency; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences at the National Institutes of Health [IA] [RW-75-92285501]; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education fellowship FX This work was supported in part by an interagency agreement with the US Environmental Protection Agency and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences at the National Institutes of Health [IA no. RW-75-92285501]. B.E.J.B. was funded through an Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education fellowship. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 141 IS 2 BP 524 EP 537 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfu149 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AQ8BD UT WOS:000343045100022 PM 25055962 ER PT J AU Judd, LL Schettler, PJ Brown, ES Wolkowitz, OM Sternberg, EM Bender, BG Bulloch, K Cidlowski, JA de Kloet, ER Fardet, L Joels, M Leung, DYM McEwen, BS Roozendaal, B Van Rossum, EFC Ahn, J Brown, DW Plitt, A Singh, G AF Judd, Lewis L. Schettler, Pamela J. Brown, E. Sherwood Wolkowitz, Owen M. Sternberg, Esther M. Bender, Bruce G. Bulloch, Karen Cidlowski, John A. de Kloet, E. Ronald Fardet, Laurence Joels, Marian Leung, Donald Y. M. McEwen, Bruce S. Roozendaal, Benno Van Rossum, Elisabeth F. C. Ahn, Junyoung Brown, David W. Plitt, Aaron Singh, Gagandeep TI Adverse Consequences of Glucocorticoid Medication: Psychological, Cognitive, and Behavioral Effects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID RECEIVING CORTICOSTEROID-THERAPY; BDNF MESSENGER-RNA; DECLARATIVE MEMORY; PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; INDUCED IMPAIRMENT; STEROID DEMENTIA; CORTISOL-LEVELS; WORKING-MEMORY; BRAIN ACTIVITY AB Glucocorticoids are the most commonly prescribed anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressant medications worldwide. This article highlights the risk of clinically significant and sometimes severe psychological, cognitive, and behavioral disturbances that may be associated with glucocorticoid use, as well as ways to prevent and treat these disturbances. An illustrative case vignette is presented describing a patient's experience of cycles of manic-like behavior and depression while on high-dosage prednisone, with long-term cognitive disorganization, vulnerability to stress, and personality changes. Severe neuropsychiatric consequences (including suicide, suicide attempt, psychosis, mania, depression, panic disorder, and delirium, confusion, or disorientation) have been reported to occur in 15.7 per 100 person-years at risk for all glucocorticoid courses, and 22.2 per 100 person-years at risk for first courses. The majority of patients experience less severe but distressing and possibly persistent changes in mood, cognition, memory, or behavior during glucocorticoid treatment or withdrawal. Although prediction of such effects is difficult, risks vary with age, gender, dosage, prior psychiatric history, and several biological markers. Key mechanisms thought to underlie these risk factors are briefly described. Recommendations are given for identifying individual risk factors and for monitoring and managing adverse neuropsychiatric effects of glucocorticoids. C1 [Judd, Lewis L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Psychiat, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Arizona Ctr Integrat Med, Tucson, AZ USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO USA. Rockefeller Univ, Harold & Margaret Milliken Hatch Lab Neuroendocri, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Lab Cell Physiol & Immunol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Leiden Univ, Leiden Amsterdam Ctr Drug Res, Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Paris 06, Hop St Antoine, AP HP, Dept Internal Med, Paris, France. Univ Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci & Pharmacol, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Utrecht, Netherlands. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Div Pediat Allergy & Immunol, Denver, CO USA. Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Neurosci, Anat Sect, Groningen, Netherlands. Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Judd, LL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM ljudd@ucsd.edu RI Roozendaal, Benno/B-8403-2013; de Kloet, Edo Ronald/H-3278-2011; Joels, Marian/P-6415-2016 FU Diana Padelford Binkley Foundation; Sunovion; Forest; Corcept Pharmaceuticals; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research; Netherlands Brain Foundation FX All but the last four authors are members of the Workgroup on Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of Glucocorticoid Treatment, which is funded by the Diana Padelford Binkley Foundation. Dr. Schettler received payment from the Diana Padelford Binkley Foundation for work related to the Workgroup and to this study. Dr. Brown has received research grants from Sunovion and Forest. Dr. de Kloet has served as a scientific adviser for Corcept Therapeutics and DynaCorts Therapeutics and owns stock in Corcept Therapeutics. Dr. Joels has received a research grant from Corcept Pharmaceuticals and research support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. Dr. van Rossum is supported by the Netherlands Brain Foundation. The other authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests. NR 79 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0002-953X EI 1535-7228 J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 171 IS 10 BP 1045 EP 1051 DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13091264 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AQ3SM UT WOS:000342713800007 PM 25272344 ER PT J AU Russom, CL LaLone, CA Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT AF Russom, Christine L. LaLone, Carlie A. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Ankley, Gerald T. TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADVERSE OUTCOME PATHWAY FOR ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION LEADING TO ACUTE MORTALITY SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Acetylcholinesterase inhibition; Adverse outcome pathway; Ecotoxicology; Species sensitivity ID RECOVERY FOLLOWING ACUTE; ACUTE TOXICITY; ANTICHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; CHLORPYRIFOS EXPOSURE; IPCS FRAMEWORK; FATHEAD MINNOW; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; RAT STRIATUM; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS AB Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are designed to describe linkages of key events within a biological pathway that result in an adverse outcome associated with chemical perturbation of a well-defined molecular initiating event. Risk assessors have traditionally relied on data from apical endpoints (e.g., mortality, growth, reproduction) to derive benchmark values for use in determining the potential adverse impacts of chemicals. One goal in building reliable and well-characterized AOPs is to identify relevant in vitro assays and/or in vivo biomarkers that could be used in screening the potential hazard of substances, thereby reducing costs and increasing the number of chemicals that can be evaluated in a timely fashion. The purpose of this review article is to build an AOP for substances with a molecular initiating event of acetylcholinesterase inhibition leading to acute mortality following guidance developed by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. In contrast to most other AOPs developed to date, in which coverage is for a relatively limited taxonomic group or life stage, this AOP is applicable to a wide range of species at multiple life stages. Furthermore, while development of most AOPs has relied on data for a few model chemicals, the AOP described in the present review captures information from a large number of studies with a diversity of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2157-2169. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Russom, Christine L.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [LaLone, Carlie A.] Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Ctr, Coll Food Agr & Nat Resource Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM ankley.gerald@epa.gov NR 91 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 33 IS 10 BP 2157 EP 2169 DI 10.1002/etc.2662 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AQ2LZ UT WOS:000342619100001 PM 24922588 ER PT J AU Pfleeger, T Blakeley-Smith, M Lee, EH King, G Plocher, M Olszyk, D AF Pfleeger, Thomas Blakeley-Smith, Matthew Lee, E. Henry King, George Plocher, Milton Olszyk, David TI EFFECTS OF SINGLE AND MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS OF GLYPHOSATE OR AMINOPYRALID ON SIMPLE CONSTRUCTED PLANT COMMUNITIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Glyphosate; Aminopyralid; Plant communities ID HERBICIDE SPRAY DRIFT; SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; NONTARGET PLANTS; FIELD; BIODIVERSITY; 2,4-D; VEGETATION; FERTILIZER; IMPACTS AB To determine effects of multiple applications of herbicides on small constructed plant communities, Prunella vulgaris L.var. lanceolata Fern, Festuca roemeri (Pavlick) Alexeev, Clarkia amoena (Lehm.) Nels., and Cynosurus echinatus L. were grown together in small field plots. Plants were treated with glyphosate at target concentrations of 0x, 0.01x, 0.1x, and 0.2x a field application rate (FAR) of 1122gha(-1) active ingredient (a.i.) for 3 yr in 1 location, and for 2 yr in a second location. Plants also were treated with aminopyralid at 0x, 0.037x, 0.136x, and 0.5x FAR of 123gha(-1) a.i. for 2 yr in 2 locations. Plants received 1, 2, or 3 applications of each herbicide each year. Species and community responses depended on herbicide concentration and number of applications. With glyphosate, plant volume (modified formula for a cone) tended to decrease for all species (especiallyC. echinatus), and the decreases generally became larger with more applications. Plant communities exposed to the 2 greatest concentrations initially differed from controls but then appeared to recover. With aminopyralid, C. amoena was essentially eliminated from the communities, especially at the 2 greatest FARs, whereas the other 3 species tended to have significant increases in volume, especially at the 2 smallest FARs. With aminopyralid, increasing numbers of applications produced variable results, and the plant community volume never tended to recover. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2368-2378. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc., on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Pfleeger, Thomas; Lee, E. Henry; Olszyk, David] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Blakeley-Smith, Matthew] Greenbelt Land Trust, Corvallis, OR USA. [King, George; Plocher, Milton] Dynamac, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Olszyk, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM olszyk.david@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency [68-D-01-005, EP-D-06-013, EP-D-11-027]; SRA, International; [GS-35F-4594G TO 1525] FX The information in this document has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency under contract numbers 68-D-01-005, EP-D-06-013, and EP-D-11-027 to Dynamac Corporation and contract number GS-35F-4594G TO 1525 with SRA, International. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 33 IS 10 BP 2368 EP 2378 DI 10.1002/etc.2686 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AQ2LZ UT WOS:000342619100025 PM 25043825 ER PT J AU Summers, JK Smith, LM AF Summers, J. K. Smith, L. M. TI The Role of Social and Intergenerational Equity in Making Changes in Human Well-Being Sustainable SO AMBIO LA English DT Review DE Well-being; Sustainability; Social equity; Environmental justice; Intergenerational equity ID ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INNER-CITY; EQUALITY; ATTENTION; SERVICES; DISASTER; WELFARE; RACE AB A sustainable world is one in which human needs are met equitably and without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Human well-being is described by four primary elements-basic human needs, economic needs, environmental needs, and subjective well-being. These elements can interact in a myriad of ways to influence overall well-being. What makes changes in human well-being sustainable for a population or a nation? Two major interactional concepts can push changes in human well-being toward a sustainable state in space and time-social equity and intergenerational equity. The concept of social equity distributes well-being over space, ensuring the fair treatment of all members of society promoting spatial sustainability of a well-being decision. The concept of intergenerational equity distributes well-being through time, ensuring the well-being of present and future generations of a population or nation, promoting temporal sustainability of a well-being decision. The roles of social and intergenerational equity in terms of their influence on human well-being are examined with a focus on more sustainable decision-making. C1 [Summers, J. K.; Smith, L. M.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Summers, JK (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM summers.kevin@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 86 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 EI 1654-7209 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD OCT PY 2014 VL 43 IS 6 BP 718 EP 728 DI 10.1007/s13280-013-0483-6 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP6RN UT WOS:000342205400002 PM 24402649 ER PT J AU Baker, KR Kelly, JT AF Baker, Kirk R. Kelly, James T. TI Single source impacts estimated with photochemical model source sensitivity and apportionment approaches SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Photochemical model; Plume; Ozone; PM; Single source; Source apportionment ID AIR-QUALITY MODELS; POWER-PLANT PLUME; OZONE; SULFATE; IMPLEMENTATION; PREDICTIONS; PM2.5 AB Some sources may need to estimate ozone and secondarily formed PM2.5 as part of the permit application process under the Clean Air Act New Source Review program. Photochemical grid models represent state-of-the-science gas- and particle-phase chemistry and provide a realistic chemical and physical environment for assessing changes in air quality resulting from changes in emissions. When using these tools for single source impact assessments, it is important to differentiate a single source impact from other emissions sources and to understand how well contemporary grid model applications capture near-source transport and chemistry. Here for the first time, both source apportionment and source sensitivity approaches (brute-force changes and high-order direct decoupled method) are used in a photochemical grid model to isolate impacts of a specific facility. These single source impacts are compared with in-plume measurements made as part of a well-characterized 1999 TVA Cumberland aircraft plume transect field study. The techniques were able to isolate the impacts of the TVA plume in a manner consistent with observations. The model predicted in-plume concentrations well when the observations were averaged to the grid scale, although peak concentrations of primary pollutants were generally underestimated near the source, possibly due to dilution in the 4-km grid cell. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baker, Kirk R.; Kelly, James T.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Baker, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM baker.kirk@epa.gov RI Kelly, James/F-8135-2010 OI Kelly, James/0000-0001-6574-5714 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 96 BP 266 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.07.042 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP7HF UT WOS:000342247700028 ER PT J AU Fiore, AM Oberman, JT Lin, MY Zhang, L Clifton, OE Jacob, DJ Naik, V Horowitz, LW Pinto, JP Milly, GP AF Fiore, A. M. Oberman, J. T. Lin, M. Y. Zhang, L. Clifton, O. E. Jacob, D. J. Naik, V. Horowitz, L. W. Pinto, J. P. Milly, G. P. TI Estimating North American background ozone in U.S. surface air with two independent global models: Variability, uncertainties, and recommendations SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Surface ozone; Background ozone; Air pollution; Air quality; Exceptional events ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION; POLLUTION INFLUENCES; CHEMISTRY; POLICY; QUALITY; TRENDS; GASES AB Accurate estimates for North American background (NAB) ozone (O-3) in surface air over the United States are needed for setting and implementing an attainable national O-3 standard. These estimates rely on simulations with atmospheric chemistry-transport models that set North American anthropogenic emissions to zero, and to date have relied heavily on one global model. We examine NAB estimates for spring and summer 2006 with two independent global models (GEOS-Chem and GFDL AM3). We evaluate the base simulations, which include North American anthropogenic emissions, with mid-tropospheric O-3 retrieved from space and ground-level O-3 measurements. The models often bracket the observed values, implying value in developing a multi-model approach to estimate NAB O-3. Consistent with earlier studies, the models robustly simulate the largest nation-wide NAB levels at high-altitude western U.S. sites (seasonal average maximum daily 8-h values of similar to 40-50 ppb in spring and similar to 25 -40 ppb in summer) where it correlates with observed O-3. At these sites, a 27-year GFDL AM3 simulation simulates observed O-3 events above 60 ppb and indicates that year-to-year variations in NAB O-3 influence their annual frequency (with NAB contributing 50-60 ppb or more during individual events). During summer over the eastern United States (EUS), when photochemical production from regional anthropogenic emissions peaks, NAB is largely uncorrelated with observed values and it is lower than at high-altitude sites (average values of similar to 20-30 ppb). Four processes contribute substantially to model differences in specific regions and seasons: lightning NOx biogenic isoprene emissions and chemistry, wildfires, and stratosphere-to-troposphere transport. Differences in the representations of these processes within the GFDL AM3 and GEOS-Chem models contribute more to uncertainty in NAB estimates, particularly in spring when NAB is highest, than the choice of horizontal resolution within a single model (GEOS-Chem). We propose that future efforts seek to constrain these processes with targeted analysis of multi-model simulations evaluated with observations of O-3 and related species from multiple platforms, and thereby reduce the error on NAB estimates needed for air quality planning. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fiore, A. M.; Clifton, O. E.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Milly, G. P.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Oberman, J. T.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm SAG, Madison, WI USA. [Lin, M. Y.; Horowitz, L. W.] Princeton Univ, NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab & Atmospher & Ocean, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zhang, L.; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zhang, L.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, L.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Naik, V.] UCAR, NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Pinto, J. P.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Fiore, AM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM amfiore@ldeo.columbia.edu; oberman.wisc@gmail.com; meiyun.lin@noaa.gov; zhanglg@pku.edu.cn; oclifton@ldeo.columbia.edu; djacob@fas.harvard.edu; Vaishali.Naik@noaa.gov; larry.horowitz@noaa.gov; Pinto.joseph@epa.gov; gpm2109@columbia.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; 杨, 宇栋/F-6250-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Zhang, Lin/A-6729-2008 OI Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Zhang, Lin/0000-0003-2383-8431 FU NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team [NNX12AF15G, NNX11AH93G]; NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship program FX We acknowledge support from the NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (NNX12AF15G to AMF; NNX11AH93G to DJJ), and the NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship program (JTO). We are grateful to P. Dolwick (U.S. EPA) for useful discussions and comments, and suggestions from anonymous review. The information in this article has been subjected to review by the National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 65 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 7 U2 59 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 96 BP 284 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.07.045 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP7HF UT WOS:000342247700030 ER PT J AU Bansal, R Tighe, D Danai, A Rawn, DFK Gaertner, DW Arnold, DL Gilbert, ME Zoeller, RT AF Bansal, Ruby Tighe, Daniel Danai, Amin Rawn, Dorothea F. K. Gaertner, Dean W. Arnold, Doug L. Gilbert, Mary E. Zoeller, R. Thomas TI Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (DE-71) Interferes With Thyroid Hormone Action Independent of Effects on Circulating Levels of Thyroid Hormone in Male Rats SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROPYLTHIOURACIL PTU PHARMACOLOGY; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL PCB; MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; EXPOSURE; PBDE; PITUITARY; BRAIN; DISRUPTION; THYROXINE; BINDING AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are routinely found in human tissues including cord blood and breast milk. PBDEs may interfere with thyroid hormone (TH) during development, which could produce neurobehavioral deficits. An assumption in experimental and epidemiological studies is that PBDE effects on serum TH levels will reflect PBDE effects on TH action in tissues. To test whether this assumption is correct, we performed the following experiments. First, five concentrations of diphenyl ether (0-30 mg/kg) were fed daily to pregnant rats to postnatal day 21. PBDEs were measured in dam liver and heart to estimate internal dose. The results were compared with a separate study in which four concentrations of propylthiouracil (PTU; 0, 1, 2, and 3 ppm) was provided to pregnant rats in drinking water for the same duration as for diphenyl ether. PBDE exposure reduced serum T-4 similar in magnitude to PTU, but serum TSH was not elevated by PBDE. PBDE treatment did not affect the expression of TH response genes in the liver or heart as did PTU treatment. PTU treatment reduced T-4 in liver and heart, but PBDE treatment reduced T-4 only in the heart. Tissue PBDEs were in the micrograms per gram lipid range, only slightly higher than observed in human fetal tissues. Thus, PBDE exposure reduces serum T-4 but does not produce effects on tissues typical of low TH produced by PTU, demonstrating that the effects of chemical exposure on serum T-4 levels may not always be a faithful proxy measure of chemical effects on the ability of thyroid hormone to regulate development and adult physiology. C1 [Bansal, Ruby; Tighe, Daniel; Danai, Amin; Zoeller, R. Thomas] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Zoeller, R. Thomas] Univ Massachusetts, Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Rawn, Dorothea F. K.; Gaertner, Dean W.; Arnold, Doug L.] Hlth Canada, Hlth Prod & Food Branch, Food Directorate, Bur Chem Safety, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. [Gilbert, Mary E.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zoeller, RT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Morrill Sci Bldg,611 North Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM tzoeller@bio.umass.edu FU US Environmental Protection Agency Science [RD-3213701]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES10026] FX This work was supported in part by US Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results Grants RD-3213701 (to R.T.Z.) and ES10026 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (to R.T.Z.). NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 19 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 2055 L ST NW, SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD OCT PY 2014 VL 155 IS 10 BP 4104 EP 4112 DI 10.1210/en.2014-1154 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA AP8QX UT WOS:000342345000037 PM 25060363 ER PT J AU Pond, GJ Passmore, ME Pointon, ND Felbinger, JK Walker, CA Krock, KJG Fulton, JB Nash, WL AF Pond, Gregory J. Passmore, Margaret E. Pointon, Nancy D. Felbinger, John K. Walker, Craig A. Krock, Kelly J. G. Fulton, Jennifer B. Nash, Whitney L. TI Long-Term Impacts on Macroinvertebrates Downstream of Reclaimed Mountaintop Mining Valley Fills in Central Appalachia SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bioassessment; Mountaintop mining; Valley fills; Reclamation; Appalachian mountains; Headwater streams; Specific conductance ID HEADWATER STREAMS; IONIC-STRENGTH; QUALITY; MINE; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; WATERSHEDS; RECOVERY; KENTUCKY AB Recent studies have documented adverse effects to biological communities downstream of mountaintop coal mining and valley fills (VF), but few data exist on the longevity of these impacts. We sampled 15 headwater streams with VFs reclaimed 11-33 years prior to 2011 and sampled seven local reference sites that had no VFs. We collected chemical, habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrate data in April 2011; additional chemical samples were collected in September 2011. To assess ecological condition, we compared VF and reference abiotic and biotic data using: (1) ordination to detect multivariate differences, (2) benthic indices (a multimetric index and an observed/expected predictive model) calibrated to state reference conditions to detect impairment, and (3) correlation and regression analysis to detect relationships between biotic and abiotic data. Although VF sites had good instream habitat, nearly 90 % of these streams exhibited biological impairment. VF sites with higher index scores were co-located near unaffected tributaries; we suggest that these tributaries were sources of sensitive taxa as drifting colonists. There were clear losses of expected taxa across most VF sites and two functional feeding groups (% scrapers and %shredders) were significantly altered. Percent VF and forested area were related to biological quality but varied more than individual ions and specific conductance. Within the subset of VF sites, other descriptors (e.g., VF age, site distance from VF, the presence of impoundments, % forest) had no detectable relationships with biological condition. Although these VFs were constructed pursuant to permits and regulatory programs that have as their stated goals that (1) mined land be reclaimed and restored to its original use or a use of higher value, and (2) mining does not cause or contribute to violations of water quality standards, we found sustained ecological damage in headwaters streams draining VFs long after reclamation was completed. C1 [Pond, Gregory J.; Passmore, Margaret E.; Krock, Kelly J. G.; Fulton, Jennifer B.] US EPA, Environm Assessment & Innovat Div, Off Monitoring & Assessment Reg 3, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA. [Pointon, Nancy D.; Felbinger, John K.; Walker, Craig A.] Three Pkwy Ctr, Off Surface Min, Appalachian Reg Off, Pittsburgh, PA 15220 USA. [Nash, Whitney L.] Knoxville Field Off, Off Surface Min, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Pond, GJ (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Assessment & Innovat Div, Off Monitoring & Assessment Reg 3, 1060 Chapline St, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA. EM pond.greg@epa.gov FU EPA; OSMRE FX This research was performed jointly through cooperation between U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region III and U. S. Department of Interior's Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE) and we thank John Pomponio and John Forren (EPA-Region III) and Lois Uranowski and Dave Hartos (OSMRE) for programmatic support to the authors. Additional field assistance was provided by Lou Reynolds (EPA-Region III) and Omar Beckford (OSMRE). We especially appreciate mining inspectors from WVDEP's Logan, Oak Hill, and Philippi Offices who assisted with site access, and Nick Schaer (WVDEP) for advice on site selection. We also thank Tom Mastrorocco (OSMRE) for GIS assistance. An earlier draft of the manuscript was reviewed by Ken Fritz, Brent Johnson, and Glenn Suter (EPA-Office of Research and Development), Matt Klasen and Rachael Novak (EPA-Office of Water), Jeff Bailey and Michael Whitman (WVDEP), Stefania Shamet (EPA-Region III), Leah Ettema (EPA-Region IV) and Jason Robinson (Illinois Natural History Survey). We also thank Angus Webb (University of Melbourne) and Kyle Hartman (West Virginia University) for thier reviews. Although this research was supported by EPA and OSMRE, opinions are those of the authors and do not represent official government policy. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 919 EP 933 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0319-6 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP9VK UT WOS:000342428700022 PM 24990807 ER PT J AU Grond, K Ryu, H Baker, AJ Domingo, JWS Buehler, DM AF Grond, Kirsten Ryu, Hodon Baker, Allan J. Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Buehler, Deborah M. TI Gastro-intestinal microbiota of two migratory shorebird species during spring migration staging in Delaware Bay, USA SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gut microbiota; Shorebirds; 16S rRNA; Staging; Campylobacter ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; CALIDRIS-CANUTUS; WILD BIRDS; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES; HEALTH; FECES; CAMPYLOBACTER AB Migratory birds travel long distances and use diverse habitats, potentially exposing them to a broad range of microbes that could negatively affect their health and survival. Gut microbiota composition may be related to organismal health especially during periods of impaired immunity due to stress, by functioning as a reservoir for potential pathogens. We provide an insight into the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota in migratory Red Knot (Calidris canutus) and Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres) staging in Delaware Bay, USA, by analyzing fecal bacterial communities of three individuals per species with 16S rRNA clone libraries. In the 313 bacterial sequences we analysed from Red Knots, we identified 19 bacterial classes across 29 genera, and from the 218 Ruddy Turnstone sequences, we identified 11 bacterial classes across 17 genera. In Red Knots and Ruddy Turnstones, 27 and 41 % of all sequences were closely related to Campylobacter spp., which include several human pathogens. Only 5 of the 46 genera, and 8 out of 124 operational taxonomic units were shared between species, suggesting that gut microbial community structure can be species-specific under environmentally similar conditions. Our study provides baseline information that can be used in future studies to better understand diversity and function of gut microbes, and can be expanded to investigate how gut microbiota of migratory birds affects their body condition, immune function, and demographic performance. C1 [Grond, Kirsten; Baker, Allan J.; Buehler, Deborah M.] Royal Ontario Museum, Dept Nat Hist, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. [Grond, Kirsten; Baker, Allan J.; Buehler, Deborah M.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. [Ryu, Hodon; Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Grond, K (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM kgrond@ksu.edu FU Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada [PDF-373488-2009]; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research [825.09.0190]; EPA Office of Research and Development FX We would like to thank Nigel A. Clark, Jacquie A. Clark (British Trust for Ornithology) and Kevin S. Kalasz (US Fish and Wildlife Services) for granting us permission to sample shore-birds and for providing logistical assistance in Delaware Bay. We would also like to thank Yvonne I. Verkuil for valuable help during both field and laboratory work. Lastly, we thank three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments which notably improved our manuscript. This study was funded by grants from the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada [PDF-373488-2009] and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (Rubicon 825.09.0190) to D. M. B. and by the EPA Office of Research and Development. All sampling procedures were in compliance with animal welfare laws of the USA and all permits necessary for shipping and handling of biological samples were obtained. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 EI 1439-0361 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 155 IS 4 BP 969 EP 977 DI 10.1007/s10336-014-1083-3 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AP9PR UT WOS:000342412200012 ER PT J AU Olden, K Lin, YS Gruber, D Sonawane, B AF Olden, Kenneth Lin, Yu-Sheng Gruber, David Sonawane, Babasaheb TI Epigenome: Biosensor of Cumulative Exposure to Chemical and Nonchemical Stressors Related to Environmental Justice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID DNA METHYLATION; ARSENIC EXPOSURE; GENE-EXPRESSION; DRINKING-WATER; EPIGENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; BIRTH OUTCOMES; HUMAN-DISEASE; BISPHENOL-A; CANCER AB Understanding differential disease susceptibility requires new tools to quantify the cumulative effects of environmental stress. Evidence suggests that social, physical, and chemical stressors can influence disease through the accumulation of epigenetic modifications. Geographically stable epigenetic alterations could identify plausible mechanisms for health disparities among the disadvantaged and poor. Relations between neighborhoodspecific epigenetic markers and disease would identify the most appropriate targets for medical and environmental intervention. Complex interactions among genes, the environment, and disease require the examination of how epigenetic changes regulate susceptibility to environmental stressors. Progress in understanding disparities in disease susceptibility may depend on assessing the cumulative effect of environmental stressors on genetic substrates. We highlight key concepts regarding the interface between environmental stress, epigenetics, and chronic disease. C1 [Olden, Kenneth; Lin, Yu-Sheng; Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Gruber, David] CUNY Bernard M Baruch Coll, Dept Nat Sci, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Olden, K (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM olden.kenneth@epa.gov NR 65 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2014 VL 104 IS 10 BP 1816 EP 1821 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302130 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AP1XG UT WOS:000341865000021 PM 25122010 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JJ Mayer, PM Kaushal, SS Pennino, MJ Arango, CP Balz, DA Canfield, TJ Elonen, CM Fritz, KM Hill, BH Ryu, H Domingo, JWS AF Beaulieu, Jake J. Mayer, Paul M. Kaushal, Sujay S. Pennino, Michael J. Arango, Clay P. Balz, David A. Canfield, Timothy J. Elonen, Colleen M. Fritz, Ken M. Hill, Brian H. Ryu, Hodon Domingo, Jorge W. Santo TI Effects of urban stream burial on organic matter dynamics and reach scale nitrate retention SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Extracellular enzyme activity; Stable isotope; Bacteria; Uptake length; Uptake velocity; N-15 ID OXYGEN CHANGE TECHNIQUE; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; ADDITION EXPERIMENTS; HEADWATER STREAMS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; FRESH-WATER; METABOLISM; RESTORATION; NITROGEN; DENITRIFICATION AB Nitrogen (N) retention in streams is an important ecosystem service that may be affected by the widespread burial of streams in stormwater pipes in urban watersheds. We predicted that stream burial suppresses the capacity of streams to retain nitrate (NO3 (-)) by eliminating primary production, reducing respiration rates and organic matter availability, and increasing specific discharge. We tested these predictions by measuring whole-stream NO3 (-) removal rates using (NO3)-N-15 (-) isotope tracer releases in paired buried and open reaches in three streams in Cincinnati, Ohio (USA) during four seasons. Nitrate uptake lengths were 29 times greater in buried than open reaches, indicating that buried reaches were less effective at retaining NO3 (-) than open reaches. Burial suppressed NO3 (-) retention through a combination of hydrological and biological processes. The channel shape of two of the buried reaches increased specific discharge which enhanced NO3 (-) transport from the channel, highlighting the relationship between urban infrastructure and ecosystem function. Uptake lengths in the buried reaches were further lengthened by low stream biological NO3 (-) demand, as indicated by NO3 (-) uptake velocities 17-fold lower than that of the open reaches. We also observed differences in the periphyton enzyme activity between reaches, indicating that the effects of burial cascade from the microbial to the ecosystem scale. Our results suggest that stream restoration practices involving "daylighting" buried streams have the potential to increase N retention. Further work is needed to elucidate the impacts of stream burial on ecosystem functions at the larger stream network scale. C1 [Beaulieu, Jake J.; Ryu, Hodon; Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Mayer, Paul M.; Canfield, Timothy J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74821 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.; Pennino, Michael J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.; Pennino, Michael J.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Arango, Clay P.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. [Balz, David A.] Pegasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Elonen, Colleen M.; Hill, Brian H.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Fritz, Ken M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Beaulieu, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM beaulieu.jake@epa.gov RI Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013; OI Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189; Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU Pegasus Technical Services [EP-C-11-006] FX We thank numerous private land owners for site access and the Cincinnati Metropolitan Sewer District for assistance with site selection. Field and laboratory support was provided by Pegasus Technical Services under contract #EP-C-11-006. NR 73 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD OCT PY 2014 VL 121 IS 1 BP 107 EP 126 DI 10.1007/s10533-014-9971-4 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AP2NG UT WOS:000341908600006 ER PT J AU Cooper, CA Mayer, PM Faulkner, BR AF Cooper, Curtis A. Mayer, Paul M. Faulkner, Barton R. TI Effects of road salts on groundwater and surface water dynamics of sodium and chloride in an urban restored stream SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Road salt; Chloride; Sodium; Chesapeake Bay; Water quality; Groundwater; Urban stream; Restoration ID DEICING SALT; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; DISSOLVED SOLIDS; DEGRADED URBAN; DENITRIFICATION; SOILS; ACCUMULATION; RESTORATION; STORMWATER; RUNOFF AB Road salts are a growing environmental concern in urban watersheds. We examined groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) dynamics of Na+ and Cl- in Minebank Run (MBR), an urban stream in Maryland, USA. We observed an increasing salinity trend in this restored stream. Current baseflow salinity does not exceed water quality recommendations, but rapid "first flush" storm flow was approximately one-third that of seawater. Comparisons between the upstream and downstream study reaches suggest that a major interstate highway is the primary road salt source. A heavily used road parallels most of MBR and was an additional source to GW concentrations, especially the downstream right bank. A baseflow synoptic survey identified zones of increased salinity. Downstream piezometer wells exhibited increases in salt concentrations and there was evidence that Na+ is exchanging Ca2+ and Mg2+ on soils. SW salt concentrations were generally elevated above GW concentrations. Salinity levels persisted at MBR throughout the year and were above background levels at Bynum Run, a nearby reference stream not bisected by a major highway, suggesting that GW is a long-term reservoir for accumulating road salts. Chronic salinity levels may be high enough to damage vegetation and salinity peaks could impact other biota. Beneficial uses and green infrastructure investments may be at risk from salinity driven degradation. Therefore, road salt may represent an environmental risk that could affect aquatic biota and limit the effectiveness of costly resource management and restoration efforts. C1 [Cooper, Curtis A.; Mayer, Paul M.; Faulkner, Barton R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Cooper, CA (reprint author), Idaho Dept Environm Qual, 900 North Skyline Dr,Suite B, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM curtis.cooper@deq.idaho.gov OI Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 NR 88 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 12 U2 129 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD OCT PY 2014 VL 121 IS 1 BP 149 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s10533-014-9968-z PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AP2NG UT WOS:000341908600008 ER PT J AU Pennino, MJ Kaushal, SS Beaulieu, JJ Mayer, PM Arango, CP AF Pennino, Michael J. Kaushal, Sujay S. Beaulieu, Jake J. Mayer, Paul M. Arango, Clay P. TI Effects of urban stream burial on nitrogen uptake and ecosystem metabolism: implications for watershed nitrogen and carbon fluxes SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon quality; Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices; Stream channelization; Stream daylighting; Transient storage; Tracer injection ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; OXYGEN CHANGE TECHNIQUE; HYPORHEIC ZONE; HEADWATER STREAMS; TRANSIENT STORAGE; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; GROUNDWATER EXCHANGE; CHANNEL RESTORATION AB Urbanization has resulted in the extensive burial and channelization of headwater streams, yet little is known about the impacts of stream burial on ecosystem functions critical for reducing downstream nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) exports. In order to characterize the biogeochemical effects of stream burial on N and C, we measured NO3 (-) uptake (using N-15-NO3 (-) isotope tracer releases) and gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) (using whole stream metabolism measurements). Experiments were carried out during four seasons, in three paired buried and open stream reaches, within the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Long-term Ecological Research site. Stream burial increased NO3 (-) uptake lengths by a factor of 7.5 (p < 0.01) and decreased NO3 (-) uptake velocity and areal NO3 (-) uptake rate by factors of 8.2 (p < 0.05) and 9.6 (p < 0.001), respectively. Stream burial decreased GPP by a factor of 11.0 (p < 0.01) and decreased ER by a factor of 5.0 (p < 0.05). From fluorescence Excitation Emissions Matrices analysis, buried streams were found to have significantly altered C quality, showing less labile dissolved organic matter. Furthermore, buried streams had significantly lower transient storage (TS) and water temperatures. Differences in NO3 (-) uptake, GPP, and ER in buried streams, were primarily explained by decreased TS, light availability, and C quality, respectively. At the watershed scale, we estimate that stream burial decreases NO3 (-) uptake by 39 % and C production by 194 %. Overall, our results suggest that stream burial significantly impacts NO3 (-) uptake, stream metabolism, and the quality of organic C exported from watersheds. Given the large impacts of stream burial on stream ecosystem processes, daylighting or de-channelization of streams, through hydrologic floodplain reconnection, may have the potential to alter ecosystem functions in urban watersheds, when used appropriately. C1 [Pennino, Michael J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Marine Estuarine Environm Studies Dept, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Beaulieu, Jake J.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Mayer, Paul M.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Arango, Clay P.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. RP Pennino, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Marine Estuarine Environm Studies Dept, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM michael.pennino@gmail.com RI Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013; OI Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189; Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU EPA NNEMS [2010-309]; NSF [DBI 0640300, CBET 1058502, DGE-1144243]; NASA [NASA NNX11AM28G]; Maryland Sea Grant Awards [SA7528085-U, R/WS-2, NA05OAR4171042]; Baltimore Ecosystem Study LTER project [NSF DEB-0423476]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX This research was supported by EPA NNEMS Award 2010-309, the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. DGE-1144243, NSF Awards DBI 0640300 and CBET 1058502, NASA grant NASA NNX11AM28G, Maryland Sea Grant Awards SA7528085-U, R/WS-2 and NA05OAR4171042, and Baltimore Ecosystem Study LTER project (NSF DEB-0423476). We thank Kevin Danaher, Kevin Magerr, Evan Smith and Benjamin Wu for field assistance. Tammy Newcomer and Rose Smith provided help in the field and helpful comments on a previous version of the manuscript. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 126 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD OCT PY 2014 VL 121 IS 1 BP 247 EP 269 DI 10.1007/s10533-014-9958-1 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AP2NG UT WOS:000341908600013 ER PT J AU Dias, E Morais, P Antunes, C Hoffman, JC AF Dias, Ester Morais, Pedro Antunes, Carlos Hoffman, Joel C. TI Linking terrestrial and benthic estuarine ecosystems: organic matter sources supporting the high secondary production of a non-indigenous bivalve SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Corbicula fluminea; Stable isotopes; Benthic food web; Minho estuary ID CLAM CORBICULA-FLUMINEA; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; ASIATIC CLAM; FOOD WEBS; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; LIPID CORRECTION; FUNCTIONAL-ROLE; ZEBRA MUSSELS AB The Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, is among the most pervasive invasive species in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Our objective was to study C. fluminea's functional response in terms of feeding behavior and food selectivity, using the natural variation in organic matter (OM) sources that occur in estuarine environments. Using C and N stable isotopes, we identified and quantified the contribution of different OM sources supporting the production of C. fluminea along the salinity gradient occupied in the Minho River estuary (NW-Iberian Peninsula, Europe), where this species presently dominates the benthic macrofauna biomass. We observed a pronounced shift in the quality of OM available for C. fluminea along the estuarine mixing zone. Stable isotope analysis, POM C/N, and phytoplankton contribution estimates based on C:Chl a revealed that POM was largely comprised of terrestrial-derived OM in tidal freshwater stations (TFW) and was increasingly comprised of phytoplankton, a more palatable food source, towards the polyhaline estuary. A similar shift in the isotopic composition along the estuarine mixing zone was observed in C. fluminea, suggesting a shift in food resources. Accordingly, based on a Bayesian stable isotope mixing model, there was an upstream-downstream counter gradient in the contribution to C. fluminea biomass from terrestrial-derived OM (41-64 % in TFW) and phytoplankton (29-55 % in the brackish estuary). Although the majority of the food sources identified were filtered from the water column (70-80 %), reliance on sediment OM and microphytobenthos provided evidence for deposit feeding by C. fluminea. We conclude that C. fluminea has the ability to adapt to environments with low food quality because it can consume terrestrial-derived OM. This can be a competitive adaptation in systems with perennial low food quality such as the Minho River estuary. Moreover, its ability to couple benthic and pelagic environments and terrestrial ecosystems demonstrates a strong potential to alter food web flows in aquatic ecosystems. C1 [Dias, Ester] Univ Porto, ICBAS, P-4050313 Oporto, Portugal. [Dias, Ester; Morais, Pedro; Antunes, Carlos] Univ Porto, CIIMAR CIMAR, Ctr Interdisciplinar Invest Marinha & Ambiental, P-4050123 Oporto, Portugal. [Morais, Pedro] Univ Algarve, CIMA, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal. [Antunes, Carlos] Aquamuseu Rio Minho, P-4920290 Vila Nova De Cerveira, Portugal. [Antunes, Carlos] ESG, P-4920 Vila Nova De Cerveira, Portugal. [Hoffman, Joel C.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Dias, E (reprint author), Univ Porto, CIIMAR CIMAR, Ctr Interdisciplinar Invest Marinha & Ambiental, Rua Bragas 289, P-4050123 Oporto, Portugal. EM esterdias@ciimar.up.pt RI Morais, Pedro/F-2815-2011; OI Morais, Pedro/0000-0002-0861-5566; Dias, Ester/0000-0003-0526-4462; Antunes, Carlos/0000-0003-3736-5743 FU Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the EEA Financial Mechanism; Norwegian Financial Mechanism; Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia, Portugal [SFRH/BPD/40832/2007]; Project MIGRANET SOE [2/P2E288] FX We thank Eduardo Martins, Joana Campos and the staff at Aquamuseu do Rio Minho for their help while conducting the field work; Anne M. Cotter for preparing POM samples for stable isotope analysis, for running the samples and for all the technical support with the IRMS; Rute Pinto for providing the map of the study area; and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. E. Dias was supported by a Ph.D. Grant from Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the EEA Financial Mechanism and the Norwegian Financial Mechanism. P. Morais was supported by a post-doc scholarship financed by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia, Portugal (SFRH/BPD/40832/2007). This work was partially supported by the Project MIGRANET SOE 2/P2E288. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. EPA. NR 89 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2014 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2163 EP 2179 DI 10.1007/s10530-014-0655-8 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP0VC UT WOS:000341782600012 ER PT J AU Ryan, SP Lee, SD Calfee, MW Wood, JP McDonald, S Clayton, M Griffin-Gatchalian, N Touati, A Smith, L Nysewander, M AF Ryan, Shawn P. Lee, Sang Don Calfee, M. Worth Wood, Joseph P. McDonald, Stella Clayton, Matt Griffin-Gatchalian, Nicole Touati, Abderrahmane Smith, Luther Nysewander, Melissa TI Effect of inoculation method on the determination of decontamination efficacy against Bacillus spores SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Decontamination; Sporicide; Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis ID GEOBACILLUS-STEAROTHERMOPHILUS SPORES; ANTHRACIS SPORES; INACTIVATION; SUBTILIS; SURFACES; GAS; SCALE AB Decontamination studies investigating the effectiveness of products and processes for the inactivation of Bacillus species spores have traditionally utilized metering viable spores in a liquid suspension onto test materials (coupons). The current study addresses the representativeness of studies using this type of inoculation method compared to when coupons are dosed with a metered amount of aerosolized spores. The understanding of this comparability is important in order to assess the representativeness of such laboratory-based testing when deciding upon decontamination options for use against Bacillus anthracis spores. Temporal inactivation of B. anthracis surrogate (B. subtilis) spores on representative materials using fumigation with chlorine dioxide, spraying of a pH-adjusted bleach solution, or immersion in the solution was investigated as a function of inoculation method (liquid suspension or aerosol dosing). Results indicated that effectiveness, measured as log reduction, was statistically significantly lower when liquid inoculation was used for some material and decontaminant combinations. Differences were mostly noted for the materials observed to be more difficult to decontaminate (i.e., wood and carpet). Significant differences in measured effectiveness were also noted to be a function of the pH-adjusted bleach application method used in the testing (spray or immersion). Based upon this work and the cited literature, it is clear that inoculation method, decontaminant application method, and handling of non-detects (i.e., or detection limits) can have an impact on the sporicidal efficacy measurements. C1 [Ryan, Shawn P.; Lee, Sang Don; Calfee, M. Worth; Wood, Joseph P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [McDonald, Stella; Clayton, Matt; Griffin-Gatchalian, Nicole; Touati, Abderrahmane] Arcadis Geraghty & Miller Inc, Durham, NC USA. [Smith, Luther; Nysewander, Melissa] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Ryan, SP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, MD E343-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ryan.shawn@epa.gov OI Wood, Joseph/0000-0001-6316-9418 FU Alion Science and Technology, Inc. [EP-D-10-070] FX The authors acknowledge the expert contributions of Dr. Vipin Rastogi and his colleagues at the Edgewood Chemical and Biological Center for their helpful advice and for providing access to the MDIs used in this work. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development directed the research described herein under EP-C-04-023 with ARCADIS Inc. The statistical analysis was funded under EP-D-10-070 with Alion Science and Technology, Inc. This manuscript has been subject to an administrative review but does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. No official endorsement should be inferred. EPA does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0959-3993 EI 1573-0972 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2609 EP 2623 DI 10.1007/s11274-014-1684-2 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA AO8WD UT WOS:000341635000007 PM 24928258 ER PT J AU Ju, YS Futreal, CA Gerstung, M Martincorena, I Nik-Zainal, S Ramakrishna, M Davies, HR Papaemmanuil, E Gundem, G Shlien, A Bolli, N Behjati, S Tarpey, PS Nangalia, J Massie, CE Butler, AP Teague, JW Vassiliou, GS Green, AR Du, MQ Unnikrishnan, A Pimanda, JE Teh, BT Munshi, N Greaves, M Vyas, P El-Naggar, AK Santarius, T Collins, VP Grundy, R Taylor, JA Hayes, DN Malkin, D Foster, CS Warren, AY Whitaker, HC Brewer, D Eeles, R Cooper, C Neal, D Visakorpi, T Isaacs, WB Bova, GS Flanagan, AM Futreal, PA Lynch, AG Chinnery, PF McDermott, U Stratton, MR Campbell, PJ AF Ju, Young Seok Alexandrov, Ludmil B. Gerstung, Moritz Martincorena, Inigo Nik-Zainal, Serena Ramakrishna, Manasa Davies, Helen R. Papaemmanuil, Elli Gundem, Gunes Shlien, Adam Bolli, Niccolo Behjati, Sam Tarpey, Patrick S. Nangalia, Jyoti Massie, Charles E. Butler, Adam P. Teague, Jon W. Vassiliou, George S. Green, Anthony R. Du, Ming-Qing Unnikrishnan, Ashwin Pimanda, John E. Teh, Bin Tean Munshi, Nikhil Greaves, Mel Vyas, Paresh El-Naggar, Adel K. Santarius, Tom Collins, V. Peter Grundy, Richard Taylor, Jack A. Hayes, D. Neil Malkin, David Foster, Christopher S. Warren, Anne Y. Whitaker, Hayley C. Brewer, Daniel Eeles, Rosalind Cooper, Colin Neal, David Visakorpi, Tapio Isaacs, William B. Bova, G. Steven Flanagan, Adrienne M. Futreal, P. Andrew Lynch, Andy G. Chinnery, Patrick F. McDermott, Ultan Stratton, Michael R. Campbell, Peter J. CA ICGC Breast Canc Grp ICGC Chronic Myeloid Disorders Grp ICGC Prostate Canc Grp TI Origins and functional consequences of somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in human cancer SO ELIFE LA English DT Article ID 21 BREAST CANCERS; POPULATION-GENETICS; POLYMERASE-GAMMA; LAGGING-STRAND; HUMAN-DISEASE; STEM-CELLS; GENOME; HETEROPLASMY; REPLICATION; EVOLUTION AB Recent sequencing studies have extensively explored the somatic alterations present in the nuclear genomes of cancers. Although mitochondria control energy metabolism and apoptosis, the origins and impact of cancer-associated mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are unclear. Here, we analysed somatic alterations in mtDNA from 1,675 tumors across 31 histologies. We identified 1,907 somatic substitutions, which exhibited dramatic replicative strand bias, predominantly C>T and A>G on the mitochondrial heavy strand. This strand-asymmetric signature differs from those found in nuclear cancer genomes but matches the inferred germline process shaping primate mtDNA sequence content. Numbers of mtDNA mutations showed considerable heterogeneity across tumor types. Missense mutations were selectively neutral and often gradually drifted towards homoplasmy over time. In contrast, mutations resulting in protein truncation undergo negative selection and were almost exclusively heteroplasmic. Our findings indicate that the endogenous mutational mechanism has far greater impact than any other external mutagens in mitochondria, and is fundamentally linked to mtDNA replication. C1 [Ju, Young Seok; Alexandrov, Ludmil B.; Gerstung, Moritz; Martincorena, Inigo; Nik-Zainal, Serena; Ramakrishna, Manasa; Davies, Helen R.; Papaemmanuil, Elli; Gundem, Gunes; Shlien, Adam; Bolli, Niccolo; Behjati, Sam; Tarpey, Patrick S.; Nangalia, Jyoti; Massie, Charles E.; Butler, Adam P.; Teague, Jon W.; Vassiliou, George S.; Futreal, P. Andrew; Stratton, Michael R.; ICGC Breast Canc Grp; ICGC Chronic Myeloid Disorders Grp] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Canc Genome Project, Hinxton CB10 1SA, England. [Nangalia, Jyoti; Massie, Charles E.; Vassiliou, George S.; Green, Anthony R.; Du, Ming-Qing; Santarius, Tom; Collins, V. Peter; Warren, Anne Y.; McDermott, Ultan; Campbell, Peter J.] Cambridge Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Cambridge, England. [Nangalia, Jyoti; Massie, Charles E.; Vassiliou, George S.; Green, Anthony R.; Campbell, Peter J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Hematol, Cambridge, England. [Unnikrishnan, Ashwin; Pimanda, John E.] Univ New S Wales, Lowy Canc Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Teh, Bin Tean] Natl Canc Ctr, Lab Canc Epigenome, Singapore, Singapore. [Teh, Bin Tean] Duke Nus Grad Med Sch, Singapore, Singapore. [Munshi, Nikhil] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Greaves, Mel; Brewer, Daniel; Eeles, Rosalind; Cooper, Colin] Inst Canc Res, Sutton, Surrey, England. [Vyas, Paresh] Univ Oxford, Weatherall Inst Mol Med, Oxford, England. [El-Naggar, Adel K.; Futreal, P. Andrew] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Grundy, Richard] Univ Nottingham, Childrens Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Taylor, Jack A.] NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hayes, D. Neil] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Malkin, David] Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Whitaker, Hayley C.; Neal, David; ICGC Prostate Canc Grp] Univ Cambridge, Canc Res UK Cambridge Inst, Cambridge, England. [Foster, Christopher S.] Univ Liverpool, London, England. [Foster, Christopher S.] HCA Pathol Labs, London, England. [Brewer, Daniel; Cooper, Colin] Univ E Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Visakorpi, Tapio; Bova, G. Steven] Univ Tampere, Inst Biomed Technol, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. [Visakorpi, Tapio; Bova, G. Steven] Univ Tampere, BioMediTech, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. [Isaacs, William B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Flanagan, Adrienne M.] Royal Natl Orthopaed Hosp, Stanmore, Middx, England. [Flanagan, Adrienne M.] UCL, UCL Canc Inst, London, England. [Chinnery, Patrick F.] Univ Newcastle, Inst Med Genet, Wellcome Ctr Mitochondrial Res, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Campbell, PJ (reprint author), Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Canc Genome Project, Hinxton CB10 1SA, England. EM pc8@sanger.ac.uk RI Ju, Young Seok/E-1324-2012; Bolli, Niccolo/D-4057-2011; OI taylor, jack/0000-0001-5303-6398; Massie, Charlie/0000-0003-2314-4843; Ju, Young Seok/0000-0002-5514-4189; Bolli, Niccolo/0000-0002-1018-5139; Ehinger, Anna/0000-0001-9225-7396; Gerstung, Moritz/0000-0001-6709-963X; Eeles, Rosalind/0000-0002-3698-6241; Vassiliou, George/0000-0003-4337-8022; Vyas, Paresh/0000-0003-3931-0914; McDermott, Ultan/0000-0001-9032-4700; Martin, Sancha/0000-0001-6213-5259; Unnikrishnan, Ashwin/0000-0001-5168-8755 FU Wellcome Trust; British Lung Foundation; Health Innovation Challenge Fund; Kay Kendall Leukaemia Fund; Chordoma Foundation; Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Research Foundation; EMBO long-term fellowship [ALTF 1203-2012, ALTF 1287-2012]; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) UCLH Biomedical Research Centre; Leukaemia Lymphoma Research; Cancer Research UK; Leukemia Lymphoma Society; European Union (BASIS); National Cancer Research Prostate Cancer: Mechanisms of Progression and Treatment (PROMPT) collaborative [G0500966/75466]; Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX Data used in this manuscript are described in the supplementary materials (Supplementary file 1). We thank Thomas Bleazard at Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester for discussion and assistance with manuscript preparation. We would like to thank The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Project Team and their specimen donors for providing sequencing data. This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust, the British Lung Foundation, the Health Innovation Challenge Fund, the Kay Kendall Leukaemia Fund, the Chordoma Foundation and the Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Research Foundation. Y.S.J and I.M. are supported by EMBO long-term fellowship (ALTF 1203-2012 and ALTF 1287-2012, respectively). P.J.C. is a Wellcome Trust Senior Clinical Fellow. Support was provided to A.M.F. by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) UCLH Biomedical Research Centre. A.R.G. receives support from Leukaemia Lymphoma Research, Cancer Research UK and the Leukemia Lymphoma Society. Samples from Addenbrooke's Hospital were collected with support from the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Resource Centre. The ICGC Breast Cancer Consortium was supported by a grant from the European Union (BASIS) and the Wellcome Trust. The ICGC Prostate Cancer Consortium was funded by Cancer Research UK. We would also like to acknowledge the support of the National Cancer Research Prostate Cancer: Mechanisms of Progression and Treatment (PROMPT) collaborative (grant code G0500966/75466) which has funded tissue and urine collections in Cambridge. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (J.A.T.). We obtained informed consent and consent to publish from participants enrolled. NR 59 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA SHERATON HOUSE, CASTLE PARK, CAMBRIDGE, CB3 0AX, ENGLAND SN 2050-084X J9 ELIFE JI eLife PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 3 AR e02935 DI 10.7554/eLife.02935 PG 53 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AR2JI UT WOS:000343409900003 ER PT J AU Jaglom, WS McFarland, JR Colley, MF Mack, CB Venkatesh, B Miller, RL Haydel, J Schultz, PA Perkins, B Casola, JH Martinich, JA Cross, P Kolian, MJ Kayin, S AF Jaglom, Wendy S. McFarland, James R. Colley, Michelle F. Mack, Charlotte B. Venkatesh, Boddu Miller, Rawlings L. Haydel, Juanita Schultz, Peter A. Perkins, Bill Casola, Joseph H. Martinich, Jeremy A. Cross, Paul Kolian, Michael J. Kayin, Serpil TI Assessment of projected temperature impacts from climate change on the U.S. electric power sector using the Integrated Planning Model (R) SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Electricity demand; Electric power sector ID ENERGY DEMAND; FRAMEWORK; US AB This study analyzes the potential impacts of changes in temperature due to climate change on the U.S. power sector, measuring the energy, environmental, and economic impacts of power system changes due to temperature changes under two emissions trajectories with and without emissions mitigation. It estimates the impact of temperature change on heating and cooling degree days, electricity demand, and generating unit output and efficiency. These effects are then integrated into a dispatch and capacity planning model to estimate impacts on investment decisions, emissions, system costs, and power prices for 32 U.S. regions. Without mitigation actions, total annual electricity production costs in 2050 are projected to increase 14% ($51 billion) because of greater cooling demand as compared to a control scenario without future temperature changes. For a scenario with global emissions mitigation, including a reduction in U.S. power sector emissions of 36% below 2005 levels in 2050, the increase in total annual electricity production costs is approximately the same as the increase in system costs to satisfy the increased demand associated with unmitigated rising temperatures. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Jaglom, Wendy S.; Colley, Michelle F.; Mack, Charlotte B.; Venkatesh, Boddu; Miller, Rawlings L.; Haydel, Juanita; Schultz, Peter A.; Cross, Paul] ICF Int, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [McFarland, James R.; Perkins, Bill; Casola, Joseph H.; Martinich, Jeremy A.; Kolian, Michael J.; Kayin, Serpil] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Colley, MF (reprint author), Suite 300 222 Somerset St West, Ottawa, ON K2P 2G3, Canada. EM michelle.colley@icfi.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Climate Change Division FX The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Climate Change Division and the valuable input of two anonymous reviewers. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of EPA. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 EI 1873-6777 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD OCT PY 2014 VL 73 BP 524 EP 539 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.04.032 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO6PN UT WOS:000341474100049 ER PT J AU Ma, HB Wallis, LK Diamond, S Li, SB Canas-Carrell, J Parra, A AF Ma, Hongbo Wallis, Lindsay K. Diamond, Steve Li, Shibin Canas-Carrell, Jaclyn Parra, Amanda TI Impact of solar UV radiation on toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles through photocatalytic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and photo-induced dissolution SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ZnO nanoparticles; UV radiation; Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Photo-induced dissolution; Toxicity ID NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; BULK ZNO; PSEUDOKIRCHNERIELLA-SUBCAPITATA; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; TIO2 NANOPARTICLES; ZINC TOXICITY AB The present study investigated the impact of solar UV radiation on ZnO nanoparticle toxicity through photocatalytic ROS generation and photo-induced dissolution. Toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles to Daphnia magna was examined under laboratory light versus simulated solar UV radiation (SSR). Photocatalytic ROS generation and particle dissolution were measured on a time-course basis. Two toxicity mitigation assays using CaCl2 and N-acetylcysteine were performed to differentiate the relative importance of these two modes of action. Enhanced ZnO nanoparticle toxicity under SSR was in parallel with photocatalytic ROS generation and enhanced particle dissolution. Toxicity mitigation by CaCl2 to a less extent under SSR than under lab light demonstrates the role of ROS generation in ZnO toxicity. Toxicity mitigation by N-acetylcysteine under both irradiation conditions confirms the role of particle dissolution and ROS generation. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering environmental solar UV radiation when assessing ZnO nanopartide toxicity and risk in aquatic systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ma, Hongbo; Wallis, Lindsay K.; Li, Shibin] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [Diamond, Steve] Nanosafe Inc, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Canas-Carrell, Jaclyn; Parra, Amanda] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Ma, HB (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Zilber Sch Publ Hlth, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM hongboma@uwm.edu FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division Laboratory FX The present study was performed while one of the authors, H. Ma, held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division Laboratory. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 193 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.027 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO6OL UT WOS:000341471300021 PM 25033018 ER PT J AU Van Meter, RJ Glinski, DA Hong, T Cyterski, M Henderson, WM Purucker, ST AF Van Meter, Robin J. Glinski, Donna A. Hong, Tao Cyterski, Mike Henderson, W. Matthew Purucker, S. Thomas TI Estimating terrestrial amphibian pesticide body burden through dermal exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE K-ow; K-oc; Bioaccumulation; Skin permeability; Frog ID ACUTE TOXICITY; WATER-LOSS; FROGS; ADAPTATIONS; MALATHION; DECLINE; DISEASE; MODEL; SKIN AB Dermal exposure presents a potentially significant but understudied route for pesticide uptake in terrestrial amphibians. Our study measured dermal uptake of pesticides of varying hydrophobicity (logK(ow)) in frogs. Amphibians were indirectly exposed to one of five pesticide active ingredients through contact with contaminated soil: imidacloprid (logK(ow) = 0.57), atrazine (logK(ow) = 2.5), triadimefon (logK(ow) = 3.0), fipronil (logK(ow) = 4.11) or pendimethalin (logK(ow) = 5.18). All amphibians had measurable body burdens at the end of the exposure in concentrations ranging from 0.019 to 14.562 mu g/g across the pesticides tested. Atrazine produced the greatest body burdens and bioconcentration factors, but fipronil was more permeable to amphibian skin when application rate was considered. Soil partition coefficient and water solubility were much better predictors of pesticide body burden, bioconcentration factor, and skin permeability than logK(ow). Dermal uptake data can be used to improve risk estimates of pesticide exposure among amphibians as non-target organisms. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Van Meter, Robin J.; Glinski, Donna A.; Hong, Tao] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Cyterski, Mike; Henderson, W. Matthew; Purucker, S. Thomas] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. RP Van Meter, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM rvanmeter2@washcoll.edu FU USEPA Ecosystems Research Division, Athens, GA [DW8992298301] FX We gratefully acknowledge the efforts of Wayne Garrison and Jimmy Avants for assistance in developing our amphibian tissue extraction protocol. The EPA Office of Pesticide Programs provided valuable feedback on study design. Thanks to Caroline Stevens for peer review and Fran Rauschenberg for manuscript review and edits. Many hours of field assistance with tadpoles and metamorphs was given by Craig Barber, Yin Gu, Katie Price and Marcia Snyder. This IACUC protocol (A2012 05-018-Y1-A0) received approval from the University of Georgia Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Postdoctoral Research Program at the USEPA Ecosystems Research Division, Athens, GA, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through Interagency Agreement No. DW8992298301 between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 193 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.07.003 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO6OL UT WOS:000341471300033 PM 25063914 ER PT J AU Darling, JA Tsai, YHE Blakeslee, AMH Roman, J AF Darling, John A. Tsai, Yi-Hsin Erica Blakeslee, April M. H. Roman, Joe TI Are genes faster than crabs? Mitochondrial introgression exceeds larval dispersal during population expansion of the invasive crab Carcinus maenas SO ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE introgression; admixture; invasive species; range expansion AB Biological invasions offer unique opportunities to investigate evolutionary dynamics at the peripheries of expanding populations. Here, we examine genetic patterns associated with admixture between two distinct invasive lineages of the European green crab, Carcinus maenas L., independently introduced to the northwest Atlantic. Previous investigations based on mitochondrial DNA sequences demonstrated that larval dispersal driven by advective currents could explain observed southward displacement of an admixture zone between the two invasions. Comparison of published mitochondrial results with new nuclear data from nine microsatellite loci, however, reveals striking discordance in their introgression patterns. Specifically, introgression of mitochondrial genomes relative to nuclear background suggests that demographic processes such as sex-biased reproductive dynamics and population size imbalancesand not solely larval dispersal- play an important role in driving the evolution of the genetic cline. In particular, the unpredicted introgression of mitochondrial alleles against the direction of mean larval dispersal in the region is consistent with recent models invoking similar demographic processes to explain movements of genes into invading populations. These observations have important implications for understanding historical shifts in C. maenas range limits, and more generally for inferences of larval dispersal based on genetic data. C1 [Darling, John A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tsai, Yi-Hsin Erica] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Blakeslee, April M. H.] Long Isl Univ, Dept Biol, Greenvale, NY 11548 USA. [Roman, Joe] Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Darling, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM darling.john@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development; National Science Foundation (NSF) [0608310] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here. Y.E.T. was funded by a National Science Foundation (NSF) fellowship under grant no. 0608310. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 2054-5703 J9 ROY SOC OPEN SCI JI R. Soc. Open Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 1 IS 2 AR UNSP 140202 DI 10.1098/rsos.140202 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V44EI UT WOS:000209731900017 PM 26064543 ER PT J AU Crooks, JL Ozkaynak, H AF Crooks, James L. Oezkaynak, Haluk TI Simultaneous statistical bias correction of multiple PM2.5 species from a regional photochemical grid model SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Bayesian; CMAQ; Multi-pollutant; PM2.5; Splines ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION EPIDEMIOLOGY; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; NUMERICAL-MODELS; EXPOSURE; CMAQ; DOWNSCALER; SYSTEM; RISK AB In recent years environmental epidemiologists have begun utilizing regional-scale air quality computer models to predict ambient air pollution concentrations in health studies instead of or in addition to data from fixed-site ambient monitors. The advantages of using such models include better spatio-temporal coverage and the capability to predict concentrations of unmonitored pollutants. However, there are also drawbacks, chief among them being that these models can exhibit systematic spatial and temporal biases. In order to use these models in epidemiological investigations it is very important to bias-correct the model surfaces. We present a novel statistical method of spatio-temporal bias correction for the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model that allows simultaneous bias adjustment of PM2.5 mass and its major constituent species using publically-available speciated data from ambient monitors. The method uses mass conservation and the more widespread unspeciated PM2.5 mass observations to constrain the sum of the PM2.5 species' concentrations in locations without speciated monitors. We develop the model in the context of an epidemiological study investigating the association between PM2.5 species' ambient concentrations and birth outcomes throughout the state of New Jersey. Since our exposures of interest are multi-month averages we focus specifically on modeling seasonal bias trends rather than daily biases. Using a cross-validation study we find that our bias-corrected CMAQ results are more accurate than either the original CMAQ output or a spline fit without CMAQ More interestingly, we find that our model clearly performs better when mass conservation is enforced, and furthermore that our model is competitive with Kriging in a comparison in which the latter has the advantage. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/). C1 [Crooks, James L.; Oezkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Crooks, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Code 58-C, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM crooks.james@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency, through Office of Research and Development [68-W-01-032 task 61] FX Disclaimer: The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract no. 68-W-01-032 task 61 to Computer Sciences Corporation. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 95 BP 126 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.024 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO0CT UT WOS:000340977400014 ER PT J AU Li, SB Pan, X Wallis, LK Fan, ZY Chen, ZL Diamond, SA AF Li, Shibin Pan, Xuan Wallis, Lindsay K. Fan, Zhaoyang Chen, ZuLiang Diamond, Stephen A. TI Comparison of TiO2 nanoparticle and graphene-TiO2 nanoparticle composite phototoxicity to Daphnia magna and Oryzias latipes SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Nano-TiO2; Graphene; Nanocomposite; Phototoxicity; Aquatic organism ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS PAHS; CARBON NANOTUBES; RADIATION; PHOTOCATALYSIS; AGGREGATION; REACTIVITY; TOXICITY; SOIL AB With a dramatic rise in complexity, needs of nanotoxicology research go beyond simple forms of nanomaterials. This study compared the phototoxicity of nano-TiO2 and graphene-TiO2 nanocomposite (GNP). GNP was synthesized based on a hydrothermal method, which simultaneously performed the reduction of graphene oxide and nano-TiO2 loading. A series of acute toxicity tests of nano-TiO2, graphene and GNP was performed on two aquatic organisms, Daphnia magna and Oryzias latipes. Fast and substantial agglomeration and sedimentation of nanoparticles in test media and surface attachment of nano-TiO2 and GNP on D. magna surface was observed. Similar phototoxicity of nano-TiO2 and GNP for both species existed, though compared with nano-TiO2, GNP had a 2.3-fold increase in visible light photocatalytic ROS generation. In summary, this study demonstrated the significance of illumination spectrum, particle behavior, and species sensitivity on nanophototoxicity, and the needs for research on increasingly sophisticated functional materials. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Shibin; Wallis, Lindsay K.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Pan, Xuan; Fan, Zhaoyang] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Pan, Xuan; Fan, Zhaoyang] Texas Tech Univ, Nano Tech Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Chen, ZuLiang] Fujian Normal Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Diamond, Stephen A.] Nanosafe Inc, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Li, SB (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM li.shibin@epa.gov RI Pan, Xuan/K-8545-2014; Geracitano, Laura/E-6926-2013 OI Pan, Xuan/0000-0002-7770-7974; FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division FX The present study was performed while one of the authors, S. Li, held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division. This document has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 36 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 16 U2 216 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT PY 2014 VL 112 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.058 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN6ES UT WOS:000340688300009 PM 25048889 ER PT J AU Christopoulos, A Changeux, JP Catterall, WA Fabbro, D Burris, TP Cidlowski, JA Olsen, RW Peters, JA Neubig, RR Pin, JP Sexton, PM Kenakin, TP Ehlert, FJ Spedding, M Langmead, CJ AF Christopoulos, Arthur Changeux, Jean-Pierre Catterall, William A. Fabbro, Doriano Burris, Thomas P. Cidlowski, John A. Olsen, Richard W. Peters, John A. Neubig, Richard R. Pin, Jean-Philippe Sexton, Patrick M. Kenakin, Terry P. Ehlert, Frederick J. Spedding, Michael Langmead, Christopher J. TI International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XC. Multisite Pharmacology: Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Receptor Allosterism and Allosteric Ligands SO PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; GATED ION CHANNELS; NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; THYROID-HORMONE RECEPTOR; GATING MODIFIER TOXINS; NEURONAL CALCIUM-CHANNEL; AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTIONS; MULTIPLE BINDING-SITES; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; NUCLEAR-RECEPTOR AB Allosteric interactions play vital roles in metabolic processes and signal transduction and, more recently, have become the focus of numerous pharmacological studies because of the potential for discovering more target-selective chemical probes and therapeutic agents. In addition to classic early studies on enzymes, there are now examples of small molecule allosteric modulators for all superfamilies of receptors encoded by the genome, including ligand-and voltage-gated ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, and receptor tyrosine kinases. As a consequence, a vast array of pharmacologic behaviors has been ascribed to allosteric ligands that can vary in a target-, ligand-, and cell-/tissue-dependent manner. The current article presents an overview of allostery as applied to receptor families and approaches for detecting and validating allosteric interactions and gives recommendations for the nomenclature of allosteric ligands and their properties. C1 [Christopoulos, Arthur; Sexton, Patrick M.; Langmead, Christopher J.] Monash Univ, Monash Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Christopoulos, Arthur; Sexton, Patrick M.; Langmead, Christopher J.] Monash Univ, Monash Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Changeux, Jean-Pierre] Inst Pasteur, Coll France, Paris, France. [Changeux, Jean-Pierre] Inst Pasteur, CNRS URA 2182, Paris, France. [Catterall, William A.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Seattle, WA USA. [Fabbro, Doriano] PIQUR Therapeut AG, Basel, Switzerland. [Burris, Thomas P.] St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Physiol Sci, St Louis, LA 63103 USA. [Cidlowski, John A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Endocrinol Grp, Signal Transduct Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Pin, Jean-Philippe] Univ Dundee, Sch Med, Div Neurosci, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. [Neubig, Richard R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pin, Jean-Philippe] CNRS, Inst Genom Fonct, Montpellier, France. [Kenakin, Terry P.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ehlert, Frederick J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pharmacol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Spedding, Michael] Res Solut SARL, Paris, France. RP Christopoulos, A (reprint author), Monash Univ, Monash Inst Pharmaceut Sci, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. EM arthur.christopoulos@monash.edu RI Burris, Thomas/B-3886-2016; Sexton, Patrick/B-1319-2008; OI Burris, Thomas/0000-0003-2922-4449; Sexton, Patrick/0000-0001-8902-2473; Spedding, Michael/0000-0002-1248-8221; Christopoulos, Arthur/0000-0003-4442-3294 NR 302 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0031-6997 EI 1521-0081 J9 PHARMACOL REV JI Pharmacol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 66 IS 4 BP 918 EP 947 DI 10.1124/pr.114.008862 PG 30 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AN8YQ UT WOS:000340892400001 PM 25026896 ER PT J AU Szabo, JG Adcock, NJ Rice, EW AF Szabo, Jeffrey G. Adcock, Noreen J. Rice, Eugene W. TI Disinfection of Bacillus spores with acidified nitrite SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Disinfection; Acidified nitrite; Bacillus; Spores; Contamination; Drinking water ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; INACTIVATION; ANTHRACIS; AGENTS; OXIDE; GLOBIGII; WATER; DECONTAMINATION; MONOCHLORAMINE AB Disinfecting water generated from a bioterrorism contamination event will require large amounts of disinfectant since the volume of water flushed from a drinking water distribution system or wash water collected from a contaminated outdoor area can accumulate quickly. Commonly used disinfectants may be unavailable in the necessary amounts, so evaluation of alternative disinfectants is needed. This study focuses on disinfection of Bacillus spores in water using acidified nitrite. The effect of varying pH (2 or 3), temperature (5 degrees C or 24 degrees C), nitrite concentration (0.01 or 0.1 M), buffer (Butterfields or Phosphate Buffered Saline, PBS) and Bacillus species (B. globigii and B. anthracis Sterne) was evaluated. B. globigii was more resistant to disinfection under all water quality conditions. Disinfection was more effective for B. globigii and B. anthracis Sterne at 0.1 M nitrite, pH 2, and 24 degrees C. Disinfection of B. anthracis Sterne was enhanced in low ionic strength Butterfields buffer compared to PBS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Szabo, Jeffrey G.; Rice, Eugene W.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Adcock, Noreen J.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Szabo, JG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM szabo.jeff@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and conducted this research. It has been subject to an administrative review but does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. EPA does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT PY 2014 VL 113 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.038 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN1IF UT WOS:000340335200025 PM 25065806 ER PT J AU Maynard, JJ Johnson, MG AF Maynard, J. J. Johnson, M. G. TI Scale-dependency of LiDAR derived terrain attributes in quantitative soil-landscape modeling: Effects of grid resolution vs. neighborhood extent SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE LiDAR; Digital elevation model; Grid resolution; Neighborhood extent; Scale effects; Terrain attributes; Soil landscape modeling ID SPATIAL PREDICTION; ENVIRONMENTAL CORRELATION; DEPTH FUNCTIONS; CARBON STORAGE; DEM RESOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; VARIABILITY; PARAMETERS; SIZE AB Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil properties is essential for ecological and environmental modeling at the landscape scale. Terrain attributes are among the primary covariates in soil-landscape models due to their control on energy and mass fluxes, which in turn control the spatial distribution of soil properties and processes. While numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of terrain attributes for predicting landscape-scale soil variability, considerable uncertainty exists as to the scale-dependency of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) derived terrain attributes on the accuracy of soil-landscape model predictions. Thirty five pedons were sampled by genetic horizon in a 2300 ha forested watershed and three soil properties (clay, sum of bases, and total carbon), representing dominant pedogenic processes within the watershed were analyzed. Soil properties were used as dependent variables and terrain attributes, calculated from LiDAR derived DEMs of various grid resolutions (ranging from 5 to 50 m) and neighborhood extents (ranging from 15 to 350 m), were used as predictor variables in ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression models. Results from this study show that model predictions exhibit a strong scale-dependency, with percent clay, sum of bases, and total carbon having the highest R-2-adj and lowest root mean square error (RMSE) at coarse neighborhood extents (i.e., 150 to 300 m) both between soil variables and across soil depths. Furthermore, in certain instances grid resolution was also shown to affect soil-terrain correlations, although to a lesser degree than neighborhood extent. In many cases fine to moderate scale grid resolutions (i.e.,<30 m) more accurately represented terrain features, resulting in higher correlations to soil properties at fixed neighborhood extents relative to course grid resolutions. Additionally, these results show that fine scale topographic information (i.e., 1 to 5 m) does not necessarily provide a stronger predictor of soil spatial variability relative to moderate scale information. This study provides a robust framework for investigating pedogeomorphological processes on a landscape scale through examination of the scale dependency of modeled terrain attributes in quantitative soil-landscape modeling. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Maynard, J. J.] USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Johnson, M. G.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Maynard, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jmaynard@nmsu.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service FX The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agencies, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD OCT PY 2014 VL 230 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.03.021 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AL0KX UT WOS:000338816900004 ER PT J AU Kim, K Whelan, G Purucker, ST Bohrmann, TF Cyterski, MJ Molina, M Gu, Y Pachepsky, Y Guber, A Franklin, DH AF Kim, Keewook Whelan, Gene Purucker, S. Thomas Bohrmann, Thomas F. Cyterski, Michael J. Molina, Marirosa Gu, Yin Pachepsky, Yakov Guber, Andrey Franklin, Dorcas H. TI Rainfall-runoff model parameter estimation and uncertainty evaluation on small plots SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE watershed modeling; inverse modeling; bootstrap; PEST; KINEROS2; STWIR ID CALIBRATION; SIMULATION; BOOTSTRAP; FRAMEWORK; SURFACE AB Four seasonal rainfall simulations in 2009 and 2010 were applied to a field containing 36 plots (0.75x2m each), resulting in 144 runoff events. In all simulations, a constant rate of rainfall was applied then halted 60min after initiation of runoff, with plot-scale monitoring of runoff every 5min during that period. Runoff was simulated with the Kinematic Runoff and Erosion/Simulator of Transport with Infiltration and Runoff (KINEROS2/STWIR) field-scale model, whose hydrodynamics are based on the kinematic wave equation. Because of the non-linear nature of the model and a highly parameterized model with respect to the available data, several approaches were investigated to upscale nine runoff-related parameters from a series of small monitored plots to the field scale. Inverse modeling was performed using the model-independent Parameter ESTimation (PEST) algorithm to individually calibrate the nine KINEROS2/STWIR parameters on 36 plots. The parameters were averaged, and bootstrapping was used to assess uncertainty of the parameters via estimation of confidence intervals (CI). A Monte Carlo simulation using the bootstrap results showed reasonable field-scale representation of flow rates. Median values of calibrated parameters were within the 95% CI obtained with bootstrapping. The simulated results for the median values associated with the 90% CI flow rates produced similar trends as those exhibited with the observed data, suggesting that median values of the calibrated parameters from the PEST inverse modeling could be used to represent the field scale. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kim, Keewook; Whelan, Gene; Purucker, S. Thomas; Bohrmann, Thomas F.; Cyterski, Michael J.; Molina, Marirosa; Gu, Yin] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Kim, Keewook] US DOE, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Bohrmann, Thomas F.] Cardno ENTRIX, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA. [Pachepsky, Yakov] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Guber, Andrey] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, East Lancing, MI 48824 USA. [Franklin, Dorcas H.] Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Franklin, Dorcas H.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kim, K (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM kim.keewook@epa.gov OI Kim, Keewook/0000-0002-6625-7285; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 FU Research Participation Program at the US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development [DW8992298301]; Student Services Contracting Authority; US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through Interagency Agreement No. DW8992298301 between the US Department of Energy and the US Environmental Protection Agency. The Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, in Athens, GA provided technical assistance on the field work. Data collection and collation services were provided by students under contract with the Student Services Contracting Authority. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD SEP 30 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 20 BP 5220 EP 5235 DI 10.1002/hyp.10001 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AP2ER UT WOS:000341885800008 ER PT J AU Hsu, CW Zhao, JH Huang, RL Hsieh, JH Hamm, J Chang, XQ Houck, K Xia, MH AF Hsu, Chia-Wen Zhao, Jinghua Huang, Ruili Hsieh, Jui-Hua Hamm, Jon Chang, Xiaoqing Houck, Keith Xia, Menghang TI Quantitative High-Throughput Profiling of Environmental Chemicals and Drugs that Modulate Farnesoid X Receptor SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID BILE-ACID-BINDING; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; BETA-TUBULIN; NATURAL-PRODUCT; CANCER CELLS; FXR; ANTAGONIST; LIGAND; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates the homeostasis of bile acids, lipids, and glucose. Because endogenous chemicals bind and activate FXR, it is important to examine which xenobiotic compounds would disrupt normal receptor function. We used a cell-based human FXR beta-lactamase (Bla) reporter gene assay to profile the Tox21 10K compound collection of environmental chemicals and drugs. Structure-activity relationships of FXR-active compounds revealed by this screening were then compared against the androgen receptor, estrogen receptor alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors delta and gamma, and the vitamin D receptor. We identified several FXR-active structural classes including anthracyclines, benzimidazoles, dihydropyridines, pyrethroids, retinoic acids, and vinca alkaloids. Microtubule inhibitors potently decreased FXR reporter gene activity. Pyrethroids specifically antagonized FXR transactivation. Anthracyclines affected reporter activity in all tested assays, suggesting non-specific activity. These results provide important information to prioritize chemicals for further investigation, and suggest possible modes of action of compounds in FXR signaling. C1 [Hsu, Chia-Wen; Zhao, Jinghua; Huang, Ruili; Xia, Menghang] NIH, Natl Ctr Advancing Translat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hsieh, Jui-Hua] NIEHS, Div Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hamm, Jon; Chang, Xiaoqing] Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Morrisville, NC USA. [Houck, Keith] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Xia, MH (reprint author), NIH, Natl Ctr Advancing Translat Sci, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mxia@mail.nih.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [Y3-HG-7026-03]; National Toxicology Program [Y2-ES-7020-01] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Interagency agreement #Y3-HG-7026-03) and the National Toxicology Program (Interagency agreement #Y2-ES-7020-01). We thank Misha Itkin, Danielle VanLeer, Paul Shinn for compound management, Tongan Zhao for informatics support, and Sam Michael for technical support of the screening process. We also thank Dave Allen, Kevin Crofton, Raymond Tice, and Stephen Ferguson for reviewing the manuscript. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the statements, opinions, views, conclusions, or policies of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), or the United States government. NR 77 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD SEP 26 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 6437 DI 10.1038/srep06437 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AP8WY UT WOS:000342361300001 PM 25257666 ER PT J AU Sagarika, S Kalra, A Ahmad, S AF Sagarika, Soumya Kalra, Ajay Ahmad, Sajjad TI Evaluating the effect of persistence on long-term trends and analyzing step changes in streamflows of the continental United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Streamflow; Trend detection; Shift; Persistence; Climate variability ID SURFACE BACKSCATTER RESPONSE; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; TRMM PRECIPITATION RADAR; COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL-MOISTURE; WATER-RESOURCES; MANN-KENDALL; CARBON FOOTPRINT; HURST PHENOMENON AB Streamflow is a very good indicator of long-term hydroclimatic changes. From a water management perspective, the identification of gradual (trend) and abrupt (shift) changes in streamflow are important for planning purposes. This study investigated the detection of comprehensive change, gradual and abrupt, in 240 unimpaired streamflow stations, categorized according to the hydrologic regions in the continental United States. The changes in streamflow volume were analyzed for water-year, autumn, winter, spring, and summer from 1951 to 2010, a 60-year period. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test, with variations accounting for short term and long-term persistence, was used to evaluate the trends; the non-parametric change-point Pettitt test was used to evaluate the shifts. The field significance was evaluated using the Walker test. The trend results indicated increasing streamflow patterns in the majority of the eastern U.S. regions - the Upper Mississippi, Missouri, Great Lakes and Texas Gulf were field significant - and dominant decreasing streamflow trends in the Pacific Northwest region. The use of different Mann-Kendall test helped in evaluating the spatial distribution of short-term and long-term persistence and their effect on trends. The Pettitt test analysis indicated that statistically significant shifts occurred during the early 1970s and late 1980s. Similar to the trend results, the Midwest as well as the central and southern U.S. had significantly increasing shifts; the Pacific Northwest, Tennessee (winter season only), and South-Atlantic Gulf (spring season only) had decreasing shifts in streamflow. The findings may assist water managers in better planning and management of water resources under climate variability and change. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sagarika, Soumya; Ahmad, Sajjad] Univ Nevada, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Construct, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Kalra, Ajay] US EPA, ORD, NERL, ESD,Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Ahmad, S (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Construct, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM sajjad.ahmad@unlv.edu RI Ahmad, Sajjad/A-2867-2008; OI Ahmad, Sajjad/0000-0002-9903-9321; Kalra, Ajay/0000-0003-3878-2346 FU NSF [EPS-0814372, CMMI-0846952] FX This work is partly supported by NSF under Grants EPS-0814372 and CMMI-0846952. NR 108 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 19 PY 2014 VL 517 BP 36 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.002 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AO0CP UT WOS:000340977000004 ER PT J AU Patil, SD Wigington, PJ Leibowitz, SG Sproles, EA Comeleo, RL AF Patil, Sopan D. Wigington, Parker J., Jr. Leibowitz, Scott G. Sproles, Eric A. Comeleo, Randy L. TI How does spatial variability of climate affect catchment streamflow predictions? SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic model; Climate variability; Streamflow; Catchment ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; HYDROLOGICAL MODELS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WATERSHED MODELS; IMPACT; RUNOFF; PRECIPITATION; EFFICIENCY; SNOWPACK AB Spatial variability of climate can negatively affect catchment streamflow predictions if it is not explicitly accounted for in hydrologic models. In this paper, we examine the changes in streamflow predictability when a hydrologic model is run with spatially variable (distributed) meteorological inputs instead of spatially uniform (lumped) meteorological inputs. Both lumped and distributed versions of the EXP-HYDRO model are implemented at 41 meso-scale (500-5000 km(2)) catchments in the Pacific Northwest region of USA. We use two complementary metrics of long-term spatial climate variability, moisture homogeneity index (I-M) and temperature variability index (I-TV), to analyze the performance improvement with distributed model. Results show that the distributed model performs better than the lumped model in 38 out of 41 catchments, and noticeably better (>10% improvement) in 13 catchments. Furthermore, spatial variability of moisture distribution alone is insufficient to explain the observed patterns of model performance improvement. For catchments with low moisture homogeneity (I-M < 80%), I-M is a better predictor of model performance improvement than I-TV; whereas for catchments with high moisture homogeneity (I-M> 80%), I-TV is a better predictor of performance improvement than I-M. Based on the results, we conclude that: (1) catchments that have low homogeneity of moisture distribution are the obvious candidates for using spatially distributed meteorological inputs, and (2) catchments with a homogeneous moisture distribution benefit from spatially distributed meteorological inputs if they also have high spatial variability of precipitation phase (rain vs. snow). (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Patil, Sopan D.; Sproles, Eric A.] US EPA, ORISE, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Patil, Sopan D.] Bangor Univ, Sch Environm Nat Resources & Geog, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Wigington, Parker J., Jr.; Leibowitz, Scott G.; Comeleo, Randy L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Sproles, Eric A.] Univ La Serena, Ctr Estudios Avanzados Zonas Aridas, La Serena, Chile. RP Patil, SD (reprint author), Bangor Univ, Sch Environm Nat Resources & Geog, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. EM s.d.patil@bangor.ac.uk RI Patil, Sopan/E-8497-2011; OI Patil, Sopan/0000-0002-8575-5220; Sproles, Eric/0000-0003-1245-1653 FU ORISE; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We are thankful to J. Renee Brooks, Stacey Archfield, Marc Stieglitz, and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions that have greatly improved the paper. The first (Patil) and the fourth (Sproles) authors were supported by ORISE postdoctoral fellowship for the duration of this study. The information in this document has been funded entirely by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This manuscript has been subjected to Agency review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 19 PY 2014 VL 517 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.017 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AO0CP UT WOS:000340977000012 ER PT J AU Upadhyay, S Stoeger, T George, L Schladweiler, MC Kodavanti, U Ganguly, K Schulz, H AF Upadhyay, Swapna Stoeger, Tobias George, Leema Schladweiler, Mette C. Kodavanti, Urmila Ganguly, Koustav Schulz, Holger TI Ultrafine carbon particle mediated cardiovascular impairment of aged spontaneously hypertensive rats SO PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Inflammation; Lung; Heart; Dust; Particle exposure; Cardiovascular risk individuals ID COMBUSTION-DERIVED NANOPARTICLES; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; SURFACE-AREA; PULMONARY INFLAMMATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RATE-VARIABILITY; LUNG-FUNCTION; TISSUE FACTOR AB Background: Studies provide compelling evidences for particulate matter (PM) associated cardiovascular health effects. Elderly individuals, particularly those with preexisting conditions like hypertension are regarded to be vulnerable. Experimental data are warranted to reveal the molecular pathomechanism of PM related cardiovascular impairments among aged/predisposed individuals. Thus we investigated the cardiovascular effects of ultrafine carbon particles (UfCP) on aged (12-13 months) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and compared the findings with our pervious study on adult SHRs (6-7 months) to identify age related predisposition events in cardiovascular compromised elderly individuals. Methods: Aged SHRs were inhalation exposed to UfCP for 24 h (similar to 180 mu g/m(3)) followed by radio-telemetric assessment for blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cell differentials, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and other proinflammatory cytokines; serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin (HPT); and plasma fibrinogen were measured. Transcript levels of hemeoxygenase 1 (HO-1), endothelin 1 (ET1), endothelin receptors A, B (ETA, ETB), tissue factor (TF), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were measured in the lung and heart to assess oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and coagulation cascade. Result: UfCP exposed aged SHRs exhibited increased BP (4.4%) and HR (6.3%) on 1st recovery day paralleled by a 58% increase of neutrophils and 25% increase of IL-6 in the BAL fluid. Simultaneously higher CRP, HPT and fibrinogen levels in exposed SHRs indicate systemic inflammation. HO-1, ET1, ET-A, ET-B, TF and PAI-1 were induced by 1.5-2.0 folds in lungs of aged SHRs on 1st recovery day. However, in UfCP exposed adult SHRs these markers were up-regulated (2.5-6 fold) on 3rd recovery day in lung without detectable pulmonary/systemic inflammation. Conclusions: The UfCP induced pulmonary and systemic inflammation in aged SHRs is associated with oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and disturbed coagulatory hemostasis. UfCP exposure increased BP and HR in aged SHRs rats which was associated with lung inflammation, and increased expression of inflammatory, vasoconstriction and coagulation markers as well as systemic changes in biomarkers of thrombosis in aged SHRs. Our study provides further evidence for potential molecular mechanisms explaining the increased risk of particle mediated cardiac health effects in cardiovascular compromised elderly individuals. C1 [Upadhyay, Swapna; Stoeger, Tobias; Ganguly, Koustav; Schulz, Holger] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Lung Biol & Dis, Comprehens Pneumol Ctr, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Munich, Germany. [Upadhyay, Swapna] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol, Madras 600036, Tamil Nadu, India. [George, Leema; Ganguly, Koustav] SRM Univ, SRM Res Inst, Madras 603203, Tamil Nadu, India. [Schladweiler, Mette C.; Kodavanti, Urmila] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Schulz, Holger] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Epidemiol 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. RP Upadhyay, S (reprint author), German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Lung Biol & Dis, Comprehens Pneumol Ctr, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Munich, Germany. EM swapnaupadhyay@gmail.com; schulz@helmholtz-muenchen.de RI Stoger, Tobias/M-9861-2014; Schulz, Holger/J-5643-2015 OI Stoger, Tobias/0000-0002-2790-0389; Schulz, Holger/0000-0002-1157-200X FU Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); Government of India [CSIR-SRA] [(13-8553A)-2012/POOL] FX [SU] Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); Government of India [Reference: CSIR-SRA (13-8553A)-2012/POOL]. NR 86 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-8977 J9 PART FIBRE TOXICOL JI Part. Fibre Toxicol. PD SEP 17 PY 2014 VL 11 AR 36 DI 10.1186/s12989-014-0036-6 PG 18 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AU8SX UT WOS:000345867800001 PM 25442699 ER PT J AU Wagstrom, KM Baker, KR Leinbach, AE Hunt, SW AF Wagstrom, Kristina M. Baker, Kirk R. Leinbach, Alan E. Hunt, Sherri W. TI Synthesizing Scientific Progress: Outcomes from US EPA's Carbonaceous Aerosols and Source Apportionment STAR Grants SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; URBAN SUPERSITE T0; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MOLECULAR MARKERS; VOLATILITY MEASUREMENTS; AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES AB In response to recommendations by the National Research Council in the late 1990s and early 2000s for critical research into understanding sources and formation mechanisms of PM2.5, EPA created multiple funding opportunities through the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program: Measurement, Modeling, and Analysis Methods for Airborne Carbonaceous Fine Particulate Matter (2003) and Source Apportionment of Particulate Matter (2004). The carbonaceous fine PM solicitation resulted in 16 different projects focusing on the measurement methods, source identification, and exploration of the chemical and physical processes important for PM2.5 carbon in the atmosphere. The source apportionment funding opportunity led to 11 projects improving tools and characterization of source-receptor relationships of PM2.5. Many funding mechanisms include a final synopsis of funded research and published manuscripts. Here, this evaluation is extended to include citations of research published as part of these solicitations. These solicitations resulted in 275 publications that included more than 850 unique authors in 37 different journals with a weighted average 2011 impact factor of 4.21. At the time of this assessment, these publications have been cited by 13 612 peer review journal articles with 31 (11%) of the manuscripts being cited over 100 times. C1 [Wagstrom, Kristina M.] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Wagstrom, Kristina M.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Baker, Kirk R.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Leinbach, Alan E.; Hunt, Sherri W.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Hunt, SW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM hunt.sherri@epa.gov NR 139 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 16 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 18 BP 10561 EP 10570 DI 10.1021/es500782k PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP1BN UT WOS:000341801500006 PM 25111572 ER PT J AU Rappold, AG Fann, NL Crooks, J Huang, J Cascio, WE Devlin, RB Diaz-Sanchez, D AF Rappold, Ana G. Fann, Neal L. Crooks, James Huang, Jin Cascio, Wayne E. Devlin, Robert B. Diaz-Sanchez, David TI Forecast-Based Interventions Can Reduce the Health and Economic Burden of Wildfires SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; AIR-POLLUTION; DIFFERENTIAL VULNERABILITY; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SMOKE EXPOSURE; NORTH-CAROLINA; FOREST-FIRES; MORTALITY; ASTHMA AB We simulated public health forecast-based interventions during a wildfire smoke episode in rural North Carolina to show the potential for use of modeled smoke forecasts toward reducing the health burden and showed a significant economic benefit of reducing exposures. Daily and county wide intervention advisories were designed to occur when fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from smoke, forecasted 24 or 48 h in advance, was expected to exceed a predetermined threshold. Three different thresholds were considered in simulations, each with three different levels of adherence to the advisories. Interventions were simulated in the adult population susceptible to health exacerbations related to the chronic conditions of asthma and congestive heart failure. Associations between Emergency Department (ED) visits for these conditions and daily PM2.5 concentrations under each intervention were evaluated. Triggering interventions at lower PM2.5 thresholds (<= 20 mu g/m(3)) with good compliance yielded the greatest risk reduction. At the highest threshold levels (50 mu g/m(3)) interventions were ineffective in reducing health risks at any level of compliance. The economic benefit of effective interventions exceeded $1 M in excess ED visits for asthma and heart failure, $2 M in loss of productivity, $100 K in respiratory conditions in children, and $42 million due to excess mortality. C1 [Rappold, Ana G.; Crooks, James; Cascio, Wayne E.; Devlin, Robert B.; Diaz-Sanchez, David] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Fann, Neal L.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Huang, Jin] ABT Associates Inc, Environm & Resources Div, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Rappold, AG (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MB 58B,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Rappold.ana@epa.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 16 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 18 BP 10571 EP 10579 DI 10.1021/es5012725 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP1BN UT WOS:000341801500007 PM 25123711 ER PT J AU Gantt, B Hoque, S Willis, RD Fahey, KM Delgado-Saborit, JM Harrison, RM Erdakos, GB Bhave, PV Zhang, KM Kovalcik, K Pye, HOT AF Gantt, Brett Hoque, Shamia Willis, Robert D. Fahey, Kathleen M. Delgado-Saborit, Juana Mari Harrison, Roy M. Erdakos, Garnet B. Bhave, Prakash V. Zhang, K. Max Kovalcik, Kasey Pye, Havala O. T. TI Near-Road Modeling and Measurement of Cerium-Containing Particles Generated by Nanoparticle Diesel Fuel Additive Use SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; ENDOMYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; NUMBER-DISTRIBUTION; ENGINE; CELLS; SIZE; PARTICULATE; EVOLUTION; EMISSIONS AB Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCe) are used as a fuel-borne catalyst in diesel engines to reduce particulate emissions, yet the environmental and human health impacts of the exhaust particles are not well understood. To bridge the gap between emission measurements and ambient impacts, size-resolved measurements of particle composition and mass concentration have been performed in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom, where buses have used an nCe additive since 2005. These observations show that the noncrustal cerium fraction thought to be associated with the use of nCe has a mass concentration ?0.3 ng m3 with a size distribution peaking at 100320 nm in aerodynamic diameter. Simulations with a near-roadway multicomponent sectional aerosol dynamic model predict that the use of nCe additives increases the number concentration of nuclei mode particles (<50 nm in diameter) while decreasing the total mass concentration. The near-road model predicts a downwind mass size distribution of cerium-containing particles peaking at 150 nm in aerodynamic diameter, a value similar to that measured for noncrustal cerium in Newcastle. This work shows that both the emission and atmospheric transformation of cerium-containing particles needs to be taken into account by regional modelers, exposure scientists, and policymakers when determining potential environmental and human health impacts. C1 [Gantt, Brett; Hoque, Shamia; Willis, Robert D.; Fahey, Kathleen M.; Erdakos, Garnet B.; Bhave, Prakash V.; Kovalcik, Kasey; Pye, Havala O. T.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Delgado-Saborit, Juana Mari; Harrison, Roy M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Harrison, Roy M.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Environm Studies, Dept Environm Sci, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. [Zhang, K. Max] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gantt, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM brett@epa.gov; pye.havala@epa.gov RI Harrison, Roy/A-2256-2008; Gantt, Brett/G-2525-2013; Delgado-Saborit, Juana Maria/I-4158-2015; Pye, Havala/F-5392-2012; Delgado-Saborit, Juana Maria/A-5057-2017 OI Harrison, Roy/0000-0002-2684-5226; Gantt, Brett/0000-0001-7217-2715; Delgado-Saborit, Juana Maria/0000-0002-7096-9744; Pye, Havala/0000-0002-2014-2140; Delgado-Saborit, Juana Maria/0000-0002-7096-9744 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development FX We acknowledge use of monitor data from the U.K. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Automatic Urban and Rural Network; Crown 2014 copyright Defra via uk-air.defra.gov.uk, licenced under the Open Government Licence (OGL). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. This paper has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. B.G. and S.H. are supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, administered by ORISE. We also acknowledge Eastern Research Group (ERG, including Richard Billings and Joe Fanjoy) and William Benjey for their administrative input. In addition, we would like to thank AEA Technology, including Geoff Dollard and Steve Telling, for sampler operation. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 16 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 18 BP 10607 EP 10613 DI 10.1021/es502169p PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP1BN UT WOS:000341801500011 PM 25144365 ER PT J AU Wang, H Proctor, CR Edwards, MA Pryor, M Domingo, JWS Ryu, H Camper, AK Olson, A Pruden, A AF Wang, Hong Proctor, Caitlin R. Edwards, Marc A. Pryor, Marsha Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Ryu, Hodon Camper, Anne K. Olson, Andrew Pruden, Amy TI Microbial Community Response to Chlorine Conversion in a Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution System SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; CONTROLLING NITRIFICATION; BIOLOGICAL NITRIFICATION; PYROSEQUENCING ANALYSIS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; NITRIFYING BACTERIA; POTABLE WATER; DIVERSITY; OXIDATION; ARCHAEA AB Temporary conversion to chlorine (i.e., "chlorine burn") is a common approach to controlling nitrification in chloraminated drinking water distribution systems, yet its effectiveness and mode(s) of action are not fully understood. This study characterized occurrence of nitrifying populations before, during and after a chlorine burn at 46 sites in a chloraminated distribution system with varying pipe materials and levels of observed nitrification. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of gene markers present in nitrifying populations indicated higher frequency of detection of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) (72% of samples) relative to ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) (28% of samples). Nitrospira nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were detected at 45% of samples, while presence of Nitrobacter NOB could not be confirmed at any of the samples. During the chlorine burn, the numbers of AOA, AOB, and Nitrospira greatly reduced (i.e., 0.8-2.4 log). However, rapid and continued regrowth of AOB and Nitrospira were observed along with nitrite production in the bulk water within four months after the chlorine burn, and nitrification outbreaks appeared to worsen 612 months later, even after adopting a twice annual burn program. Although high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed a distinct community shift and higher diversity index during the chlorine burn, it steadily returned towards a condition more similar to pre-burn than burn stage. Significant factors associated with nitrifier and microbial community composition included water age and sampling location type, but not pipe material. Overall, these results indicate that there is limited long-term effect of chlorine burns on nitrifying populations and the broader microbial community. C1 [Wang, Hong; Proctor, Caitlin R.; Edwards, Marc A.; Pruden, Amy] Virginia Tech, Via Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Pryor, Marsha] Pinellas Cty Util Lab, Largo, FL 33778 USA. [Domingo, Jorge W. Santo; Ryu, Hodon] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. [Camper, Anne K.; Olson, Andrew] Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Pruden, A (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Via Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM apruden@vt.edu RI Edwards, Marc/J-3557-2012 FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Microbiology of the Built Environment Program; U.S. National Science Foundation CBET [1033498]; Sussman Foundation; Pinellas County; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development; RARE program FX Funding was provided in part by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Microbiology of the Built Environment Program, the U.S. National Science Foundation CBET Award No. 1033498, and student fellowships supported by the Sussman Foundation and Pinellas County. Additionally, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development and the RARE program, funded in part and collaborated in the research described herein. We also thank Fred Small of Pinellas County Florida for assisting with sampling and data logging and Michael Elk for technical assistance. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 80 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 16 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 18 BP 10624 EP 10633 DI 10.1021/es502646d PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP1BN UT WOS:000341801500013 PM 25118569 ER PT J AU Daughton, CG AF Daughton, Christian G. TI Eco-directed sustainable prescribing: feasibility for reducing water contamination by drugs SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Drugs; Active pharmaceutical ingredients; Pharmacokinetics; Prescribing; Water pollution; Sustainable healthcare ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; DISPOSITION CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; WASTE-WATER; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; HUMAN HEALTH; RIVER WATER; PHARMACEUTICALS AB Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from the purchase and use of medications are recognized as ubiquitous contaminants of the environment. Ecological impacts can range from subtle to overt resulting from multi-generational chronic exposure to trace levels of multiple APIs (such as in the aquatic environment) or acute exposure to higher levels (such as with wildlife ingestion of improperly discarded waste). Reducing API entry to the environment has relied solely on conventional end-of-pipe pollution control measures such as wastewater treatment and take-back collections of leftover, unwanted drugs (to prevent disposal by flushing to sewers). An exclusive focus on these conventional approaches has ignored the root sources of the problem and may have served to retard progress in minimizing the environmental footprint of the healthcare industry. Potentially more effective and less-costly upstream pollution prevention approaches have long been considered imprudent, as they usually involve the modification of long-established norms in the practice of clinical prescribing. The first pollution prevention measure to be proposed as feasible (reducing the dose or usage of certain select medications) is followed here by an examination of another possible approach one that would rely on the excretion profiles of APIs. These two approaches combined could be termed eco-directed sustainable prescribing (EDSP) and may hold the potential for achieving the largest reductions in API entry to the environment largely by guiding prescribers' decisions regarding drug selection. EDSP could reduce API entry to the environment by minimizing the need for disposal (as a consequence of avoiding leftover, unwanted medications) and reducing the excretion of unmetabolized APIs (by preferentially prescribing APIs that are more extensively metabolized). The potential utility of the Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) is examined for the first time as a guide for API prescribing decisions by revealing relative API quantities entering sewage via excretion. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Daughton, CG (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 944 East Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM daughton.christian@epa.gov OI Daughton, Christian/0000-0002-0302-7730 FU EPA-ORD's Pathfinder Innovation Program FX U.S. EPA Notice: The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This work was supported by EPA-ORD's Pathfinder Innovation Program, which was launched in October, 2010. Greatly appreciated were the assistance of MST Scuderi (SEEP, U.S. EPA, Las Vegas) in the maintenance of the EndNote bibliographic database and the technical review of this manuscript by Dr. Tamara Sorell (National Risk Practice Lead, Brown and Caldwell, Andover, MA). NR 77 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 11 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2014 VL 493 BP 392 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.013 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN0ZH UT WOS:000340312000042 PM 24956075 ER PT J AU Wang, QS Chu, CH Qian, L Chen, SH Wilson, B Oyarzabal, E Jiang, LL Ali, S Robinson, B Kim, HC Hong, JS AF Wang, Qingshan Chu, Chun-Hsien Qian, Li Chen, Shih-Heng Wilson, Belinda Oyarzabal, Esteban Jiang, Lulu Ali, Syed Robinson, Bonnie Kim, Hyoung-Chun Hong, Jau-Shyong TI Substance P Exacerbates Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration through Neurokinin-1 Receptor-Independent Activation of Microglial NADPH Oxidase SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GPCR independence; NADPH oxidase; neuroinflammation; Parkinson's disease; substance P ID LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PROGRESSIVE NEURODEGENERATION; CHRONIC NEUROINFLAMMATION; REACTIVE MICROGLIOSIS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; NOX ENZYMES; INHIBITION AB Although dysregulated substance P (SP) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), how SP affects the survival of dopaminergic neurons remains unclear. Here, we found that mice lacking endogenous SP (TAC1(-/-)), but not those deficient in the SP receptor (neurokinin-1 receptor, NK1R), were more resistant to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced nigral dopaminergic neurodegeneration than wild-type controls, suggesting a NK1R-independent toxic action of SP. In vitro dose-response studies revealed that exogenous SP enhanced LPS- and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a bimodal manner, peaking at submicromolar and subpicomolar concentrations, but was substantially less effective at intermediate concentrations. Mechanistically, the actions of submicromolar levels of SP were NK1R-dependent, whereas subpicomolar SP-elicited actions required microglial NADPH oxidase (NOX2), the key superoxide-producing enzyme, but not NK1R. Subpicomolar concentrations of SP activated NOX2 by binding to the catalytic subunit gp91(phox) and inducing membrane translocation of the cytosolic subunits p47(phox) and p67(phox). The importance of NOX2 was further corroborated by showing that inhibition or disruption of NOX2 blocked subpicomolar SP-exacerbated neurotoxicity. Together, our findings revealed a critical role of microglial NOX2 in mediating the neuroinflammatory and dopaminergic neurodegenerative effects of SP, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of PD. C1 [Wang, Qingshan; Chu, Chun-Hsien; Qian, Li; Chen, Shih-Heng; Wilson, Belinda; Oyarzabal, Esteban; Jiang, Lulu; Hong, Jau-Shyong] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, Neuropharmacol Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Ali, Syed; Robinson, Bonnie] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Neurotoxicol, Neurochem Lab, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Kim, Hyoung-Chun] Kangwon Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Neuropsychopharmacol & Toxicol Program, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. RP Wang, QS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM wangq4@niehs.nih.gov; hong3@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. We thank Anthony Lockhart for assistance with animal colony management and maintenance of the timed pregnant mice. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD SEP 10 PY 2014 VL 34 IS 37 BP 12490 EP 12503 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2238-14.2014 PG 14 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AP0QH UT WOS:000341766900022 PM 25209287 ER PT J AU Setzer, RW AF Setzer, R. Woodrow TI Evaluating MoE and its uncertainty and variability for food contaminants SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 50th Congress of the European-Societies-of-Toxicology CY SEP 07-10, 2014 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP European Soc Toxicol, British Toxicol Soc, Soc Toxicol C1 [Setzer, R. Woodrow] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 EI 1879-3169 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP 10 PY 2014 VL 229 SU S MA PS3.4-O5 BP S28 EP S28 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.132 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AO2FY UT WOS:000341134000087 ER PT J AU Thomas, R AF Thomas, Russell TI Integration of high-throughput in vitro assays and human exposure modeling for risk-based chemical safety decisions SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 50th Congress of the European-Societies-of-Toxicology CY SEP 07-10, 2014 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP European Soc Toxicol, British Toxicol Soc, Soc Toxicol C1 [Thomas, Russell] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 EI 1879-3169 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP 10 PY 2014 VL 229 SU S MA PS2.1-O1 BP S4 EP S4 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.039 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AO2FY UT WOS:000341134000009 ER PT J AU Wang, DJ Su, CM Liu, CX Zhou, DM AF Wang, Dengjun Su, Chunming Liu, Chongxuan Zhou, Dongmei TI Transport of fluorescently labeled hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in saturated granular media at environmentally relevant concentrations of surfactants SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article DE Hydroxyapatite nanoparticle; Surfactant; Transport; Ripening; Porous media; Groundwater remediation ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; DEEP-BED FILTRATION; POROUS-MEDIA; HUMIC-ACID; IONIC-STRENGTH; ADSORPTION; COLLOIDS; MONTMORILLONITE; STABILIZATION; AGGREGATION AB Little is known about the mobility of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in granular media at environmentally relevant concentrations of surfactants, which represents a critical knowledge gap in employing ENPs for in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater. In this study, transport and retention of alizarin red S (ARS)-labeled hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (nHAP) were investigated in water-saturated sand at environmentally relevant concentrations of surfactants: anionic sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS, 0-50 mg L-1) and cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 0-5 mg L-1). Transport of ARS-nHAP increased with increasing SDBS concentration because of enhanced colloidal stability and reduced aggregate size arising from enhanced electrostatic, osmotic, and elastic-steric repulsions between ARS-nHAP and sand grains. In contrast, transport decreased significantly with increasing CTAB concentration due to reduced surface charge and enhanced aggregation of ARS-nHAP. Osmotic and elastic-steric repulsions played a minor role in enhancing ARS-nHAP colloidal stability in CTAB tests. Retention profiles of ARS-nHAP exhibited hyperexponential-shapes for all conditions tested and became more pronounced as CTAB concentration increased. The phenomenon was attributed to the aggregation and ripening of ARS-nHAP in the presence of surfactants, particularly CTAB. Overall, the present study suggests that surfactant type and concentration may be important considerations in employing nHAP for engineered in situ remediation of metal- and radionuclide-contaminated groundwater. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Dengjun; Zhou, Dongmei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Key Lab Soil Environm & Pollut Remediat, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Su, Chunming] US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Liu, Chongxuan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Wang, Dengjun] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, DM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Key Lab Soil Environm & Pollut Remediat, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM dmzhou@issas.ac.cn RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009 FU National Basic Research and Development Program [2013CB934303]; National Natural Science Foundation of china [41125007] FX We gratefully acknowledge Drs. Scott A. Bradford (U.S. Salinity Laboratory), Ronald W. Harvey (USGS), Larry B. Barber (USGS), Bin Gao (University of Florida), and Wei Zhang (Michigan State University) for their critical reviews and helpful suggestions of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the National Basic Research and Development Program 2013CB934303 and National Natural Science Foundation (41125007) of China. This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 EI 1873-4359 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD SEP 5 PY 2014 VL 457 BP 58 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.05.041 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AN1KG UT WOS:000340340600008 ER PT J AU Kopits, E Marten, A Wolverton, A AF Kopits, Elizabeth Marten, Alex Wolverton, Ann TI Incorporating 'catastrophic' climate change into policy analysis SO CLIMATE POLICY LA English DT Article DE integrated assessment; welfare impacts; climate change; social costs ID AMAZONIAN FOREST DIEBACK; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; 20-1ST CENTURY; TIPPING POINTS; DAMAGE COSTS; IMPACTS; UNCERTAINTY; ECONOMICS; IRREVERSIBILITIES; STABILITY AB Although existing economic research is informative with regard to the importance of including potential 'catastrophic' climate change impacts in the analysis of GHG mitigation benefits, the generic and abstract form of the 'catastrophe' implemented has led to a lack of specific policy implications. This article provides an important starting point for a discussion of how to improve economic modelling of potential large-scale impacts of climate change. It considers how the term 'abrupt climate change' has been used in the scientific literature to describe changes in the climate system and carefully reviews the characteristics of the events that have been discussed in this context. The findings are compared to the way in which the economic literature has modelled potential economic and human welfare impacts of these 'catastrophic' events. In general, the economics literature is found to have modelled such impacts in a uniform way that fails to account for differences in relevant end points and timescales. The result is policy recommendations based on events that do not resemble those of concern. Better treatment of these events in integrated assessment modelling would help ensure that future research efforts can serve as meaningful policy input. C1 [Kopits, Elizabeth; Marten, Alex; Wolverton, Ann] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Kopits, E (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, 1200 Penn Ave,NW MC 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM kopits.elizabeth@epa.gov NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1469-3062 EI 1752-7457 J9 CLIM POLICY JI Clim. Policy PD SEP 3 PY 2014 VL 14 IS 5 BP 637 EP 664 DI 10.1080/14693062.2014.864947 PG 28 WC Environmental Studies; Public Administration SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA AS3FC UT WOS:000344161100006 ER PT J AU Madden, MC Stevens, T Case, M Schmitt, M Diaz-Sanchez, D Bassett, M Montilla, TS Berntsen, J Devlin, RB AF Madden, Michael C. Stevens, Tina Case, Martin Schmitt, Michael Diaz-Sanchez, David Bassett, Maryann Montilla, Tracey S. Berntsen, Jon Devlin, Robert B. TI Diesel exhaust modulates ozone-induced lung function decrements in healthy human volunteers SO PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diesel exhaust; Ozone; Co-exposure; Lung function; Greater than additive effects ID INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; SULFURIC-ACID; IN-VITRO; EXPOSURE; PARTICULATE; INHIBITION; ADAPTATION AB The potential effects of combinations of dilute whole diesel exhaust (DE) and ozone (O-3), each a common component of ambient airborne pollutant mixtures, on lung function were examined. Healthy young human volunteers were exposed for 2 hr to pollutants while exercising (similar to 50 L/min) intermittently on two consecutive days. Day 1 exposures were either to filtered air, DE (300 mu g/m(3)), O-3 (0.300 ppm), or the combination of both pollutants. On Day 2 all exposures were to O-3 (0.300 ppm), and Day 3 served as a followup observation day. Lung function was assessed by spirometry just prior to, immediately after, and up to 4 hr post-exposure on each exposure day. Functional pulmonary responses to the pollutants were also characterized based on stratification by glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) genotype. On Day 1, exposure to air or DE did not change FEV1 or FVC in the subject population (n = 15). The co-exposure to O-3 and DE decreased FEV1 (17.6%) to a greater extent than O-3 alone (9.9%). To test for synergistic exposure effects, i.e., in a greater than additive fashion, FEV1 changes post individual O-3 and DE exposures were summed together and compared to the combined DE and O-3 exposure; the p value was 0.057. On Day 2, subjects who received DE exposure on Day 1 had a larger FEV1 decrement (14.7%) immediately after the O-3 exposure than the individuals' matched response following a Day 1 air exposure (10.9%). GSTM1 genotype did not affect the magnitude of lung function changes in a significant fashion. These data suggest that altered respiratory responses to the combination of O-3 and DE exposure can be observed showing a greater than additive manner. In addition, O-3-induced lung function decrements are greater with a prior exposure to DE compared to a prior exposure to filtered air. Based on the joint occurrence of these pollutants in the ambient environment, the potential exists for interactions in more than an additive fashion affecting lung physiological processes. C1 [Madden, Michael C.; Stevens, Tina; Case, Martin; Schmitt, Michael; Diaz-Sanchez, David; Bassett, Maryann; Montilla, Tracey S.; Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, NHEERL, EPHD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Berntsen, Jon] TRC Environm, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Madden, Michael C.] US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Madden, MC (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, EPHD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM madden.michael@epa.gov NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-8977 J9 PART FIBRE TOXICOL JI Part. Fibre Toxicol. PD SEP 2 PY 2014 VL 11 AR 37 DI 10.1186/s12989-014-0037 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AY7IA UT WOS:000347733000001 PM 25178924 ER PT J AU Rice, KC Scanlon, TM Lynch, JA Cosby, BJ AF Rice, Karen C. Scanlon, Todd M. Lynch, Jason A. Cosby, Bernard J. TI Decreased Atmospheric Sulfur Deposition across the Southeastern US: When Will Watersheds Release Stored Sulfate? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; WESTERN VIRGINIA; ADSORPTION; STREAMS; ACIDIFICATION; CHEMISTRY; ECOSYSTEM; INPUTS; SITES AB Emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to the atmosphere lead to atmospheric deposition of sulfate (SO42-), which is the dominant strong acid anion causing acidification of surface waters and soils in the eastern United States. Since passage of the Clean Air Act and its Amendments, atmospheric deposition of SO2 in this region has declined by over 80%, but few corresponding decreases in streamwater SO42- concentrations have been observed in unglaciated watersheds. We calculated SO42- mass balances for 27 forested, unglaciated watersheds from Pennsylvania to Georgia, by using total atmospheric deposition (wet plus dry) as input. Many of these watersheds still retain SO42-, unlike their counterparts in the northeastern U.S. and southern Canada. Our analysis showed that many of these watersheds should convert from retaining to releasing SO42- over the next two decades. The specific years when the watersheds crossover from retaining to releasing SO42- correspond to a general geographical pattern of later net watershed release from north to south. The single most important variable that explained the crossover year was the runoff ratio, defined as the ratio of annual mean stream discharge to precipitation. Percent clay content and mean soil depth were secondary factors in predicting crossover year. The conversion of watersheds from net SO42- retention to release anticipates more widespread reductions in streamwater SO42- concentrations in this region. C1 [Rice, Karen C.] Univ Virginia, US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Rice, Karen C.; Scanlon, Todd M.; Cosby, Bernard J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Lynch, Jason A.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Cosby, Bernard J.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bangor LL57, Gwynedd, Wales. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), Univ Virginia, US Geol Survey, POB 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM kcrice@usgs.gov RI Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013; Cosby, Bernard/B-5653-2012; OI Rice, Karen/0000-0002-9356-5443 FU National Park Service (NPS); National Science Foundation (NSF); U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); NSF [DEB-0823293] FX We thank James Shanley (USGS) and the three journal reviewers for helpful comments, which significantly improved the manuscript. We recognize the federal agencies that funded collection of data used in the analysis: National Park Service (NPS); National Science Foundation (NSF); U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); and the site contacts who graciously shared data: Brent Aulenbach (USGS); James Lynch (PSU); Chelcy Miniat (USFS); Dean Tucker (NPS); Rick Webb (UVa.); and Frederica Wood (USFS). This paper has not been subjected to EPA peer and administrative review; therefore, the conclusions and opinions contained herein are solely those of the authors, and should not be construed to reflect the views of the EPA. Data provided by the Coweeta Long Term Ecological Research Program (LTER) were collected in the course of research supported by NSF award DEB-0823293 from the LTER to the Coweeta LTER at the University of Georgia. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF or the University of Georgia. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 2 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 17 BP 10071 EP 10078 DI 10.1021/es501579s PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO3KY UT WOS:000341229300018 PM 25046800 ER PT J AU Thomas, JM Thomas, T Stuetz, RM Ashbolt, NJ AF Thomas, Jacqueline M. Thomas, Torsten Stuetz, Richard M. Ashbolt, Nicholas J. TI Your Garden Hose: A Potential Health Risk Due to Legionella spp. Growth Facilitated by Free-Living Amoebae SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER SUPPLIES; REAL-TIME PCR; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; ACANTHAMOEBA-CASTELLANII; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; RESISTING BACTERIA; HARTMANNELLA-VERMIFORMIS; ETHIDIUM MONOAZIDE; TREATMENT-PLANT AB Common garden hoses may generate aerosols of inhalable size (<= 10 mu m) during use. If humans inhale aerosols containing Legionella bacteria, Legionnaires' disease or Pontiac fever may result. Clinical cases of these illnesses have been linked to garden hose use. The hose environment is ideal for the growth and interaction of Legionella and free-living amoebae (FLA) due to biofilm formation, elevated temperatures, and stagnation of water. However, the microbial densities and hose conditions necessary to quantify the human health risks have not been reported. Here we present data on FLA and Legionella spp. detected in water and biofilm from two types of garden hoses over 18 months. By culturing and qPCR, two genera of FLA were introduced via the drinking water supply and reached mean densities of 2.5 log(10) amoebae.mL(-1) in garden hose water. Legionella spp. densities (likely including pathogenic L. pneumophila) were significantly higher in one type of hose (3.8 log(10) cells.mL(-1), p < 0.0001). A positive correlation existed between Vermamoebae vermiformis densities and Legionella spp. densities (r = 0.83, p < 0.028). The densities of Legionella spp. identified in the hoses were similar to those reported during legionellosis outbreaks in other situations. Therefore, we conclude that there is a health risk to susceptible users from the inhalation of garden hose aerosols. C1 [Thomas, Jacqueline M.; Stuetz, Richard M.; Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Thomas, Torsten] Univ New S Wales, Ctr Marine Bioinnovat, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Thomas, Torsten] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biotechnol & Biomol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Thomas, JM (reprint author), Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Grp, Morogoro, Tanzania. EM drjacquiethomas@gmail.com FU American Australian Association FX We acknowledge the American Australian Association for their support via a Research Fellowship to the primary author. We also acknowledge Brett Robinson for supplying some of the FLA control cultures and providing training (Australian Water Quality Centre, Adelaide). NR 81 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 2 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 17 BP 10456 EP 10464 DI 10.1021/es502652n PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO3KY UT WOS:000341229300063 PM 25075763 ER PT J AU Wilson, A Rappold, AG Neas, LM Reich, BJ AF Wilson, Ander Rappold, Ana G. Neas, Lucas M. Reich, Brian J. TI MODELING THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON OZONE-RELATED MORTALITY SO ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; monotone regression; mortality; ozone-temperature interaction; semi-parametric regression; spatial modeling ID DISTRIBUTED LAG MODELS; US URBAN COMMUNITIES; SHORT-TERM MORTALITY; AIR-POLLUTION; RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; BERNSTEIN POLYNOMIALS; NMMAPS DATA; EXPOSURE; SENSITIVITY; POLLUTANTS AB Climate change is expected to alter the distribution of ambient ozone levels and temperatures which, in turn, may impact public health. Much research has focused on the effect of short-term ozone exposures on mortality and morbidity while controlling for temperature as a confounder, but less is known about the joint effects of ozone and temperature. The extent of the health effects of changing ozone levels and temperatures will depend on whether these effects are additive or synergistic. In this paper we propose a spatial, semi-parametric model to estimate the joint ozone-temperature risk surfaces in 95 US urban areas. Our methodology restricts the ozone-temperature risk surfaces to be monotone in ozone and allows for both nonadditive and nonlinear effects of ozone and temperature. We use data from the National Mortality and Morbidity Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS) and show that the proposed model fits the data better than additive linear and nonlinear models. We then examine the synergistic effect of ozone and temperature both nationally and locally and find evidence of a nonlinear ozone effect and an ozone-temperature interaction at higher temperatures and ozone concentrations. C1 [Wilson, Ander; Reich, Brian J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Rappold, Ana G.; Neas, Lucas M.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Wilson, A (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, 2311 Stinson Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ander_wilson@ncsu.edu; rappold.ana@epa.gov; neas.lucas@epa.gov; brian_reich@ncsu.edu FU EPA [R835228]; NIH [5R01ES014843-02] FX Supported in part by the EPA (R835228) and NIH (5R01ES014843-02). NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI CLEVELAND PA 3163 SOMERSET DR, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 1932-6157 J9 ANN APPL STAT JI Ann. Appl. Stat. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1728 EP 1749 DI 10.1214/14-AOAS754 PG 22 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA AY4DW UT WOS:000347529300019 ER PT J AU McCullough, SD Duncan, KE Swanton, SM Dailey, LA Diaz-Sanchez, D Devlin, RB AF McCullough, Shaun D. Duncan, Kelly E. Swanton, Samantha M. Dailey, Lisa A. Diaz-Sanchez, David Devlin, Robert B. TI Ozone Induces a Proinflammatory Response in Primary Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation Without Nuclear Factor-kappa B Activation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ozone; inflammation; kinase; airway; pollution ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; OXIDATIVE STRESS; AIRWAY EPITHELIUM; TYROSINE KINASE; IL-8 EXPRESSION; FACTOR RECEPTOR; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; PATHWAY; CANCER AB Ground-level ozone (O-3) is a ubiquitous environmental air pollutant that is a potent inducer of airway inflammation and has been linked with respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Some studies using transformed or immortalized cells have attributed O-3-mediated expression of inflammatory cytokines with activation of the canonical NF-kappa B pathway. In this study, we sought to characterize the O-3-mediated activation of cellular signaling pathways using primary human bronchial epithelial cells obtained from a panel of donors. We demonstrate that the O-3-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines requires the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor/MEK/ERK and MKK4/p38 mitogen-activated signaling pathways but does not appear to involve activation of canonical NF-kappa B signaling. In addition to providing a novel mechanistic model for the O-3-mediated induction of proinflammatory cytokines, these findings highlight the importance of using primary cells over cell lines in mechanistic studies. C1 [McCullough, Shaun D.; Swanton, Samantha M.; Dailey, Lisa A.; Diaz-Sanchez, David; Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27711 USA. [Duncan, Kelly E.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Duncan, Kelly E.] Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Canc Biol Program, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. RP McCullough, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27711 USA. EM mccullough.shaun@epa.gov NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1044-1549 EI 1535-4989 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 51 IS 3 BP 426 EP 435 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0515OC PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA AY2KC UT WOS:000347417800011 PM 24693990 ER PT J AU Wobus, C Lawson, M Jones, R Smith, J Martinich, J AF Wobus, C. Lawson, M. Jones, R. Smith, J. Martinich, J. TI Estimating monetary damages from flooding in the United States under a changing climate SO JOURNAL OF FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; modelling; precipitation ID INTENSE PRECIPITATION; RISK; TRENDS; EXTREMES; LOSSES; ENGLAND; WEATHER; EVENTS; RECORD; WALES AB Extreme precipitation events are likely to become more frequent and more extreme under a changing climate. It follows that monetary damages from flooding would also increase relative to baseline, yet this relationship has not been quantified at the scale of the entire United States. In this paper, we quantify how climate change could affect monetary damages from flooding in the coterminous United States. With publicly available historical flooding and precipitation data, we estimate region-specific logistic regression models of the probability that severely damaging floods will occur under baseline conditions. We then use future precipitation projections driven by climate model outputs to estimate the probability that damaging floods could occur under a 'business as usual' climate change scenario. Our results project an increase in monetary damages from flooding in nearly all regions of the United States and a total increase in damages by the end of century of approximately 30% (assuming no change in built infrastructure or values). However, these changes vary between regions due to differences in the mechanisms driving flooding and general circulation model precipitation projections. C1 [Wobus, C.; Lawson, M.; Jones, R.; Smith, J.] Stratus Consulting Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Martinich, J.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Wobus, C (reprint author), 1881 Ninth St,Suite 201, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM cwobus@stratusconsulting.com NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1753-318X J9 J FLOOD RISK MANAG JI J. Flood Risk Manag. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 217 EP 229 DI 10.1111/jfr3.12043 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AU2AG UT WOS:000345417900004 ER PT J AU Wang, JD Wang, SX Jiang, JK Ding, AJ Zheng, M Zhao, B Wong, DC Zhou, W Zheng, GJ Wang, L Pleim, JE Hao, JM AF Wang, Jiandong Wang, Shuxiao Jiang, Jingkun Ding, Aijun Zheng, Mei Zhao, Bin Wong, David C. Zhou, Wei Zheng, Guangjie Wang, Long Pleim, Jonathan E. Hao, Jiming TI Impact of aerosol-meteorology interactions on fine particle pollution during China's severe haze episode in January 2013 SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE meteorology; fine particles; aerosol-radiation interactions; haze; solar radiation ID PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; PHASE SIMULATIONS; CHEMISTRY MODELS; EASTERN CHINA; WEATHER; SYSTEM; EVOLUTION; AMAZON AB In January 2013, a severe regional haze occurred over the North China Plain. An online-coupled meteorology-chemistry model was employed to simulate the impacts of aerosol-meteorology interactions on fine particles (PM2.5) pollution during this haze episode. The response of PM2.5 to meteorology change constituted a feedback loop whereby planetary boundary layer (PBL) dynamics amplified the initial perturbation of PM2.5. High PM2.5 concentrations caused a decrease of surface solar radiation. The maximal decrease in daily average solar radiation reached 53% in Beijing, thereby leading to a more stable PBL. The peak PBL height in Beijing decreased from 690 m to 590 m when the aerosol extinction was considered. Enhanced PBL stability suppressed the dispersion of air pollutants, and resulted in higher PM2.5 concentrations. The maximal increase of PM2.5 concentrations reached 140 mu g m(-3) in Beijing. During most PM2.5 episodes, primary and secondary particles increased simultaneously. These results imply that the aerosol-radiation interactions played an important role in the haze episode in January 2013. C1 [Wang, Jiandong; Wang, Shuxiao; Jiang, Jingkun; Zhao, Bin; Zhou, Wei; Zheng, Guangjie; Wang, Long; Hao, Jiming] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jiandong; Wang, Shuxiao; Jiang, Jingkun; Zhao, Bin; Zhou, Wei; Zheng, Guangjie; Wang, Long; Hao, Jiming] State Environm Protect Key Lab Sources & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Ding, Aijun] Nanjing Univ, Inst Climate & Global Change Res, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Ding, Aijun] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Mei] Peking Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wong, David C.; Pleim, Jonathan E.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wang, JD (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM shxwang@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Zheng, Guangjie/A-9927-2015; Jiang, Jingkun/A-1076-2010; wang, shuxiao/H-5990-2011; Ding, Aijun/D-1610-2009; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Zheng, Guangjie/0000-0002-8103-2594; wang, shuxiao/0000-0001-9727-1963; Ding, Aijun/0000-0003-4481-5386; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21221004]; MEP's Special Funds for Research on Public Welfares [201309009, 201409002]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XBD05020300]; special fund of State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control [12L05ESPC]; Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality FX This work was sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (21221004), MEP's Special Funds for Research on Public Welfares (201309009 and 201409002), Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XBD05020300) and special fund of State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (12L05ESPC). The authors also appreciate the support from the Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality and support from Prof Michael B McElroy and Mr Chris Nielsen of China Project, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University. We thank Weidong Guo, Scott Voorhees, and Xueying Zhang for their helpful discussion. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 11 U2 99 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR 094002 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/9/094002 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT5DK UT WOS:000344963500007 ER PT J AU Bencko, V Chen, C AF Bencko, Vladimir Chen, Chao TI EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA AND CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT: CESSATION LAG AND LINGERING EFFECT CONCEPTS SO CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE epidemiological data; carcinogenicity; multicentre studies; lingering effect; cessation lag; risk assessment ID MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION APPROACH; LUNG-CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; POLYMORPHISMS; EUROPE; METAANALYSES; EXPERIENCE; HEALTH; URINE; GENES AB Cessation lag and lingering effect are two important aspects of risk assessment, and have potential applications to dose-response analysis in risk assessment. In addition to providing insight into biological mode of action, the concept of cessation lag is useful for economic benefit analysis. Concept of effect lingering can be used to analyze epidemiological data by uncovering the hidden biological implications related to disease endpoints, thereby advancing current efforts to characterize and reduce risk assessment uncertainties. Multicentre study design is proposed as a way to increase study size and to mitigate criticism of meta-analysis of independent studies. Individual studies from a multicentre study can be either pooled using original data, or combined by meta-analysis of summarized results. A multicentre study of large cohort or case-control study also offers an exciting opportunity to study the contribution of epigenetic events that may be associated with life-style and environmental risk factors for human health. Methods for optimizing exposure assessment and reducing exposure misclassification represent important but difficult components in epidemiological studies. Biomarkers present a potentially useful approach for improving exposure estimates. C1 [Bencko, Vladimir] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Prague 2, Czech Republic. [Chen, Chao] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Bencko, V (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Studnickova 7, Prague 2, Czech Republic. EM vladimir.bencko@lf1.cuni.cz FU League Against Cancer, Prague; [PRVOUK-P28/1FF/6] FX The paper was written within activities supported by the project PRVOUK-P28/1FF/6 and the League Against Cancer, Prague. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL INST PUBLIC HEALTH PI PRAGUE 10 PA DEPT SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION, SROBAROVA 48, PRAGUE 10, 100 42, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 1210-7778 EI 1803-1048 J9 CENT EUR J PUBL HEAL JI Cent. Eur. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2014 VL 22 IS 3 BP 197 EP 200 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AS0KY UT WOS:000343967200012 PM 25438399 ER PT J AU Oshiro, WM Beasley, TE McDaniel, KL Taylor, MM Evansky, P Moser, VC Gilbert, ME Bushnell, PJ AF Oshiro, W. M. Beasley, T. E. McDaniel, K. L. Taylor, M. M. Evansky, P. Moser, V. C. Gilbert, M. E. Bushnell, P. J. TI Selective cognitive deficits in adult rats after prenatal exposure to inhaled ethanol SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Developmental; Ethanol; Inhalation; Prenatal exposure; Cognitive function; Biofuels ID ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DELAY-DEPENDENT IMPAIRMENT; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CHOICE-REACTION-TIME; MORRIS WATER MAZE; ANIMAL-MODELS; SPATIAL NAVIGATION; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; PASSIVE-AVOIDANCE AB Increased use of ethanol blends in gasoline suggests a need to assess the potential public health risks of exposure to these fuels. Ethanol consumed during pregnancy is a teratogen. However, little is known about the potential developmental neurotoxicity of ethanol delivered by inhalation, the most likely route of exposure from gasoline-ethanol fuel blends. We evaluated the potential cognitive consequences of ethanol inhalation by exposing pregnant Long Evans rats to clean air or ethanol vapor from gestational days 9-20, a critical period of neuronal development. Concentrations of inhaled ethanol (5000, 10,000, or 21,000 ppm for 6.5 h/day) produced modeled peak blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) in exposed dams of 2.3, 6.8, and 192 mg/dL, respectively. In offspring, no dose-related impairments were observed on spatial learning or working memory in the Morris water maze or in operant delayed match-to-position tests. Two measures showed significant effects in female offspring at all ethanol doses: 1) impaired cue learning after trace fear conditioning, and 2) an absence of bias for the correct quadrant after place training during a reference memory probe in the Morris water maze. In choice reaction time tests, male offspring (females were not tested) from the 5000 and 10,000 ppm groups showed a transient increase in decision times. Also, male offspring from the 21,000 ppm group made more anticipatory responses during a preparatory hold period, suggesting a deficit in response inhibition. The increase in anticipatory responding during the choice reaction time test shows that inhaled ethanol yielding a peak BEC of similar to 200 mg/dL can produce lasting effects in the offspring. The lack of a dose-related decrement in the effects observed in females on cue learning and a reference memory probe may reflect confounding influences in the exposed offspring possibly related to maternal care or altered anxiety levels in females. The surprising lack of more pervasive cognitive deficits, as reported by others at BECs in the 200 mg/dL range, may reflect route-dependent differences in the kinetics of ethanol. These data show that response inhibition was impaired in the offspring of pregnant rats that inhaled ethanol at concentrations at least 5 orders of magnitude higher than concentrations observed during normal automotive transport and fueling operations, which rarely exceed 100 ppb. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Oshiro, W. M.; Beasley, T. E.; McDaniel, K. L.; Taylor, M. M.; Moser, V. C.; Gilbert, M. E.; Bushnell, P. J.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Evansky, P.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Oshiro, WM (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL TAD NB, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM oshiro.wendy@epa.gov; beasley.tracey@epa.gov; mcdaniel.kathy@epa.gov; taylor.michelemmt@gmail.com; evansky.paul@epa.gov; moser.ginger@epa.gov; gilbertmary@epa.gov; bushnell.philip@epa.gov NR 98 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 EI 1872-9738 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 45 BP 44 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.07.001 PG 15 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA AS7HP UT WOS:000344427900005 PM 25020118 ER PT J AU Beasley, TE Evansky, PA Martin, SA McDaniel, KL Moser, VC Luebke, RW Norwood, J Rogers, JM Copeland, CB Bushnell, PJ AF Beasley, Tracey E. Evansky, Paul A. Martin, Sheppard A. McDaniel, Katherine L. Moser, Virginia C. Luebke, Robert W. Norwood, Joel, Jr. Rogers, John M. Copeland, Carey B. Bushnell, Philip J. TI Toxicological outcomes in rats exposed to inhaled ethanol during gestation SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ethanol; Development; Inhalation; Neurotoxicity; Biofuels ID PRENATAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GATED ION CHANNELS; IN-UTERO; CONSUMPTION; ADULT; ACETALDEHYDE; INHALATION; BEHAVIOR; PERFORMANCE AB Recent legislation has encouraged replacing petroleum-based fuels with renewable alternatives including ethanol, which is typically blended with gasoline in the United States at concentrations up to 10%, with allowances for concentrations up to 85% for some vehicles. Efforts to increase the amount of ethanol in gasoline have prompted concerns about the potential toxicity of inhaled ethanol vapors from these fuels. The well-known sensitivity of the developing nervous and immune systems to ingested ethanol, and the lack of information about its toxicity by inhalation prompted the present work on its potential developmental effects in a rat model. Pregnant Long Evans rats were exposed for 6.5 h/day on days 9-20 of gestation to clean air or ethanol vapor at concentrations of 5000, 10,000, or 21,000 ppm, which resulted in estimated peak blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) of 2.3, 6.7, and 192 mg/dL, respectively. No overt toxicity in the dams was observed. Ethanol did not affect litter size or weight, or postnatal weight gain in the pups. Motor activity was normal in offspring through postnatal day (PND) 29. On PND 62, the 5000 and 21,000 ppm groups were more active than controls. On PND 29 and 62, offspring were tested with a functional observational battery, which revealed small changes in the neuromuscular and sensorimotor domains that were not systematically related to dose. Cell-mediated and humoral immunity were not affected by ethanol exposure in 6-week-old offspring. Systolic blood pressure was increased by 10,000 ppm ethanol in males at PND 90 but not at PND 180. No differences in lipoprotein profile, liver function, or kidney function were observed. In summary, prenatal exposure to inhaled ethanol caused some mild changes in physiological and behavioral development in offspring that were not clearly related to inhaled concentration or BEC, and did not produce detectable changes in immune function. This low toxicity of inhaled ethanol may result from the slow rise in BEC by the inhalation route. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Beasley, Tracey E.; Martin, Sheppard A.; McDaniel, Katherine L.; Moser, Virginia C.; Norwood, Joel, Jr.; Rogers, John M.; Bushnell, Philip J.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Evansky, Paul A.; Luebke, Robert W.; Copeland, Carey B.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Beasley, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM beasley.tracey@epa.gov NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 EI 1872-9738 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 45 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.07.002 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA AS7HP UT WOS:000344427900006 PM 25092052 ER PT J AU Cole, AS Steffen, A Eckley, CS Narayan, J Pilote, M Tordon, R Graydon, JA St Louis, VL Xu, XH Branfireun, BA AF Cole, Amanda S. Steffen, Alexandra Eckley, Chris S. Narayan, Julie Pilote, Martin Tordon, Rob Graydon, Jennifer A. St Louis, Vincent L. Xu, Xiaohong Branfireun, Brian A. TI A Survey of Mercury in Air and Precipitation across Canada: Patterns and Trends SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE elemental mercury; total gaseous mercury; reactive mercury; gaseous oxidized mercury; particulate mercury; cycling of atmospheric mercury; mercury in precipitation; mercury trends ID TOTAL GASEOUS MERCURY; MEASUREMENT NETWORK CAMNET; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; WET DEPOSITION; REDOX TRANSFORMATIONS; UNITED-STATES; SITES; EMISSIONS; SOILS; SPECIATION AB Atmospheric mercury (Hg) measurements from across Canada were compiled and analysed as part of a national Hg science assessment. Here we update long-term trends of Hg in air and precipitation, and present more extensive measurements on patterns and trends in speciated Hg species (gaseous elemental mercury-GEM, reactive gaseous mercury-RGM, and total particulate mercury on particles < 2.5 mu m-TPM2.5) at several sites. A spatial analysis across Canada revealed higher air concentrations and wet deposition of Hg in the vicinity of local and regional emission sources, and lower air concentrations of Hg at mid-latitude maritime sites compared to continental sites. Diel and seasonal patterns in atmospheric GEM, RGM and TPM2.5 concentrations reflected differences in patterns of anthropogenic emissions, photo-induced surface emissions, chemistry, deposition and mixing. Concentrations of GEM decreased at rates ranging from -0.9% to -3.3% per year at all sites where measurements began in the 1990s. Concentrations of total Hg in precipitation declined up to 3.7% yr(-1). Trends in RGM and TPM2.5 were less clear due to shorter measurement periods and low concentrations, however, in spring at the high Arctic site (Alert) when RGM and TPM2.5 concentrations were high, concentrations of both increased by 7%-10% per year. C1 [Cole, Amanda S.; Steffen, Alexandra; Narayan, Julie] Environm Canada, Air Qual Processes Res Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Eckley, Chris S.] US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Pilote, Martin] Environm Canada, Aquat Contaminants Res Div, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E7, Canada. [Tordon, Rob] Environm Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 2N6, Canada. [Graydon, Jennifer A.; St Louis, Vincent L.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Xu, Xiaohong] Univ Windsor, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Branfireun, Brian A.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Branfireun, Brian A.] Univ Western Ontario, Ctr Environm & Sustainabil, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Cole, AS (reprint author), Environm Canada, Air Qual Processes Res Sci & Technol Branch, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM amanda.cole@ec.gc.ca; Alexandra.Steffen@ec.gc.ca; Eckley.Chris@epa.gov; Julie.Narayan@ec.gc.ca; Martin.Pilote@ec.gc.ca; rob.tordon@ec.gc.ca; jgraydon@ualberta.ca; vince.stlouis@ualberta.ca; xxu@uwindsor.ca; bbranfir@uwo.ca RI Graydon, Jennifer/G-6853-2011; St. Louis, Vincent/G-6842-2011; Pilote, Martin/G-2581-2016; OI Pilote, Martin/0000-0002-6874-5135; Cole, Amanda/0000-0002-5434-4998 FU Environment Canada (EC); Northern Contaminants Program (Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada); Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Government of Canada; EC's Global Atmospheric Watch program; EC's Whistler program; Manitoba Hydro FX Funding for CAMNet and CAPMoN was provided by Environment Canada (EC). Additional funding was provided by the Northern Contaminants Program (Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada), the Geological Survey of Canada, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, the Government of Canada Program for International Polar Year, EC's Global Atmospheric Watch program and Whistler program, and Manitoba Hydro. Additional data was contributed by the Meteorological Service of Canada Air Quality Unit in Edmonton and by Geoffrey Stupple. Thanks to the numerous former and current scientists and technicians for CAMNet and CAPMoN, particularly Steve Beauchamp, Cathy Banic, Keith Puckett for the creation of CAMNet; to Patrick Lee for support at other EC sites; to Greg Skelton and Tina Scherz for many years of data QC; to Mike Shaw for the site map; and to Heather Morrison and Pierrette Blanchard for coordinating this project for the Canadian Mercury Science Assessment. NR 75 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 31 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD SEP PY 2014 VL 5 IS 3 BP 635 EP 668 DI 10.3390/atmos5030635 PG 34 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ8UZ UT WOS:000343111900009 ER PT J AU Powers, CM Gift, J Lehmann, GM AF Powers, Christina M. Gift, Jeff Lehmann, Geniece M. TI Sparking Connections: Toward Better Linkages Between Research and Human Health Policy-An Example with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE comprehensive environmental assessment; engineered nanomaterials; risk assessment; multiwalled carbon nanotubes; research planning ID COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; FUNCTIONALIZATION; NANOCOMPOSITES; TOXICOLOGY; KNOWLEDGE; RELEASE AB Risk assessment and subsequent risk management of environmental contaminants can benefit from early collaboration among researchers, risk assessors, and risk managers. The benefits of collaboration in research planning are particularly evident in light of (1) increasing calls to expand upon the risk assessment paradigm to include a greater focus on problem formulation and consideration of potential tradeoffs between risk management options, and (2) decreasing research budgets. Strategically connecting research planning to future decision making may be most critical in areas of emerging science for which data are often insufficient to clearly direct targeted research to support future risk assessment and management efforts. This article illustrates an application of the comprehensive environmental assessment approach to inform research planning for future risk assessment and management of one emerging material, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). High-priority research areas identified for MWCNTs in flame-retardant coatings applied to upholstery textiles included the following: release across the product life cycle; environmental transport, transformation and fate in air, wastewater and sediment; exposure in human occupational and consumer groups; kinetics in the human body; impacts on human health and aquatic populations; and impacts on economic, social, and environmental resources. This article focuses on specific research questions related to human health and how these may connect to future risk assessments and risk management efforts. Such connections will support more effective collaborations across the scientific community and may inform the prioritization of research funding opportunities for emerging materials like MWCNTs. C1 [Powers, Christina M.; Gift, Jeff; Lehmann, Geniece M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lehmann, GM (reprint author), US EPA, MD B243-01,4930 Old Page Rd, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM Lehmann.Geniece@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-C-09-009, EP-W-09-004] FX U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EP-C-09-009, EP-W-09-004). NR 62 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 141 IS 1 BP 6 EP 17 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfu117 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AQ7JP UT WOS:000342990200007 PM 24928890 ER PT J AU Hatch, GE Duncan, KE Diaz-Sanchez, D Schmitt, MT Ghio, AJ Carraway, MS McKee, J Dailey, LA Berntsen, J Devlin, RB AF Hatch, Gary E. Duncan, Kelly E. Diaz-Sanchez, David Schmitt, Michael T. Ghio, Andrew J. Carraway, Martha Sue McKee, John Dailey, Lisa A. Berntsen, Jon Devlin, Robert B. TI Progress in Assessing Air Pollutant Risks from In Vitro Exposures: Matching Ozone Dose and Effect in Human Airway Cells SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ozone; in vivo versus in vitro dose; extrapolation; epithelial cells; bronchoalveolar lavage ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; RATS; O-18; INFLAMMATION; FLUID; LUNG AB In vitro exposures to air pollutants could, in theory, facilitate a rapid and detailed assessment of molecular mechanisms of toxicity. However, it is difficult to ensure that the dose of a gaseous pollutant to cells in tissue culture is similar to that of the same cells during in vivo exposure of a living person. The goal of the present study was to compare the dose and effect of O-3 in airway cells of humans exposed in vivo to that of human cells exposed in vitro. Ten subjects breathed labeled O-3 (O-18(3), 0.3 ppm, 2 h) while exercising intermittently. Bronchial brush biopsies and lung lavage fluids were collected 1 h post exposure for in vivo data whereas in vitro data were obtained from primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to 0.25-1.0 ppm O-18(3) for 2 h. The O-3 dose to the cells was defined as the level of O-18 incorporation and the O-3 effect as the fold increase in expression of inflammatory marker genes (IL-8 and COX-2). Dose and effect in cells removed from in vivo exposed subjects were lower than in cells exposed to the same O-18(3) concentration in vitro suggesting upper airway O-3 scrubbing in vivo. Cells collected by lavage as well as previous studies in monkeys show that cells deeper in the lung receive a higher O-3 dose than cells in the bronchus. We conclude that the methods used herein show promise for replicating and comparing the in vivo dose and effect of O-3 in an in vitro system. C1 [Hatch, Gary E.; Diaz-Sanchez, David; Schmitt, Michael T.; Ghio, Andrew J.; Carraway, Martha Sue; McKee, John; Dailey, Lisa A.; Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Duncan, Kelly E.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Berntsen, Jon] TRC Environm Corp, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Hatch, GE (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hatch.gary@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [CR833463-01] FX United States Environmental Protection Agency intramural funds and a cooperative agreement (CR833463-01) between the U.S. EPA and the Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 141 IS 1 BP 198 EP 205 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfu115 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AQ7JP UT WOS:000342990200024 PM 24928893 ER PT J AU Rudraiah, S Rohrer, PR Gurevich, I Goedken, MJ Rasmussen, T Hines, RN Manautou, JE AF Rudraiah, Swetha Rohrer, Philip R. Gurevich, Igor Goedken, Michael J. Rasmussen, Theodore Hines, Ronald N. Manautou, Jose E. TI Tolerance to Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity in the Mouse Model of Autoprotection Is Associated with Induction of Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase-3 (FMO3) in Hepatocytes SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE acetaminophen; autoprotection; Fmo3; hepatotoxicity; inhibitor; methimazole ID INDUCED LIVER-INJURY; GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS; COVALENT BINDING; DRUG-METABOLISM; CELL-DEATH; EXPRESSION; MICE; METHIMAZOLE; MECHANISMS; GLUTATHIONE AB Acetaminophen (APAP) pretreatment with a hepatotoxic dose (400 mg/kg) in mice results in resistance to a second, higher dose (600 mg/kg) of APAP (APAP autoprotection). Recent microarray work by our group showed a drastic induction of liver flavin containing monooxygenase-3 (Fmo3) mRNA expression in our mouse model of APAP autoprotection. The role of liver Fmo3, which detoxifies xenobiotics, in APAP autoprotection is unknown. The purpose of this study was to characterize the gene regulation and protein expression of liver Fmo3 during APAP hepatotoxicity. The functional consequences of Fmo3 induction were also investigated. Plasma and livers were collected from male C57BL/6J mice over a period of 72 h following a single dose of APAP (400 mg/kg) to measure Fmo3 mRNA and protein expression. Although Fmo3 mRNA levels increased significantly following APAP treatment, protein expression changed marginally. In contrast, both Fmo3 mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in APAP autoprotected livers. Unlike male C57BL/6J mice, female mice have similar to 80-times higher constitutive Fmo3 mRNA levels and are highly resistant to APAP hepatotoxicity. Coadministration of APAP with the FMO inhibitor methimazole rendered female mice susceptible to APAP hepatotoxicity, with no changes in susceptibility detected in male mice. Furthermore, a human hepatocyte cell line (HC-04) clone over-expressing human FMO3 showed enhanced resistance to APAP cytotoxicity. Taken together, these findings establish for the first time induction of Fmo3 protein expression and function by xenobiotic treatment. Our results also indicate that Fmo3 expression and function plays a role in protecting the liver from APAP-induced toxicity. Although the mechanism(s) of this protection remains to be elucidated, this work describes a novel protective function for this enzyme. C1 [Rudraiah, Swetha; Rohrer, Philip R.; Rasmussen, Theodore; Manautou, Jose E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Gurevich, Igor] Cellular Dynam Int, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Goedken, Michael J.] Rutgers State Univ, Off Translat Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Hines, Ronald N.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Manautou, JE (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Toxicol Program, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Sch Pharm, 69 North Eagleville Rd,Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM jose.manautou@uconn.edu FU National Institutes of Health [DK069557] FX National Institutes of Health Grant (DK069557). NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 141 IS 1 BP 263 EP 277 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfu124 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AQ7JP UT WOS:000342990200030 PM 24973094 ER PT J AU Ippolito, JA Barbarick, KA Brobst, RB AF Ippolito, J. A. Barbarick, K. A. Brobst, R. B. TI Copper and Zinc Speciation in a Biosolids-Amended, Semiarid Grassland Soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SLUDGE-TREATED SOILS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; HEAVY-METALS; ORGANIC-MATTER; HYDROUS OXIDES; BIOAVAILABILITY; MOBILITY; CADMIUM; BINDING; IRON AB Predicting trace-metal solid-phase speciation changes associated with long-term biosolids land application is important for understanding and improving environmental quality. Biosolids were surface-applied (no incorporation; 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 21, and 30 Mg ha(-1)) to a semiarid grassland in 1991 (single application) and 2002 (repeated application). In July 2003, soils were obtained from the 0- to 8-, 8- to 15-, and 15 -to 30-cm depths in all plots. Using soil pH, soluble anion and cation concentrations from 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 extractions, dissolved organic C (DOC) content, and an estimate of solid phase humic and fulvic acids present, Cu and Zn associated with minerals, hydrous ferric oxides (HFO), organically complexed, electrostatically bound to organic matter (OM), or DOC phases was modeled using Visual Minteq. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDXRA) was also used to identify solid-phase metal associations present in single and repeated biosolids-amended soils. Based on soil solution chemistry in all depths, as modeled using Visual Minteq, >90% of the Cu and >95% of the Zn from the single or repeated biosolids-applied soils were sorbed electrostatically or as mono-or bidentate solid-phase OM complexes. Up to 10 and 5% of the Cu and Zn, respectively, was associated with HFO, with negligible amounts associated with DOC. The SEM-EDXRA of clay-sized separates from all soil depths led to direct observation of Fe-Cu and Fe-Zn associations. Results implied that after surface-applying biosolids either once or twice with up to 30 Mg ha(-1), some shifts occurred in phases controlling Cu and Zn solubility, but solution concentrations remained below drinking water standards. C1 [Ippolito, J. A.] ARS, USDA, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Barbarick, K. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dep Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brobst, R. B.] US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Ippolito, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NWISRL, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jim.ippolito@ars.usda.gov FU USEPA Region 8 [CP988928-01] FX The USDA-ARS and Colorado State University gratefully acknowledge USEPA Region 8 (Grant #CP988928-01) for its financial, technical, and administrative assistance in funding and managing the project through which this information was discovered. We thank the City of Fort Collins, CO for their continued support of this project. We would also like to thank Ms. Mary Ann Kay for providing much needed laboratory support. The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by USDA over other firms or similar products not mentioned. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1576 EP 1584 DI 10.2134/jeq2014.02.0074 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ9FQ UT WOS:000343154200007 PM 25603243 ER PT J AU Momm, HG Bingner, RL Yuan, YP Locke, MA Wells, RR AF Momm, Henrique G. Bingner, Ronald L. Yuan, Yongping Locke, Martin A. Wells, Robert R. TI Spatial Characterization of Riparian Buffer Effects on Sediment Loads from Watershed Systems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; ANNAGNPS MODEL; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; QUALITY; FLOW; AGNPS; MANAGEMENT; PLACEMENT; TRANSPORT AB Understanding all watershed systems and their interactions is a complex, but critical, undertaking when developing practices designed to reduce topsoil loss and chemical/nutrient transport from agricultural fields. The presence of riparian buffer vegetation in agricultural landscapes can modify the characteristics of overland flow, promoting sediment deposition and nutrient filtering. Watershed simulation tools, such as the USDA-Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) pollution model, typically require detailed information for each riparian buffer zone throughout the watershed describing the location, width, vegetation type, topography, and possible presence of concentrated flow paths through the riparian buffer zone. Research was conducted to develop GIS-based technology designed to spatially characterize riparian buffers and to estimate buffer efficiency in reducing sediment loads in a semiautomated fashion at watershed scale. The methodology combines modeling technology at different scales, at individual concentrated flow paths passing through the riparian zone, and at watershed scales. At the concentrated flow path scale, vegetative filter strip models are applied to estimate the sediment-trapping efficiency for each individual flow path, which are aggregated based on the watershed subdivision and used in the determination of the overall impact of the riparian vegetation at the watershed scale. This GIS-based technology is combined with AnnAGNPS to demonstrate the effect of riparian vegetation on sediment loadings from sheet and rill and ephemeral gully sources. The effects of variability in basic input parameters used to characterize riparian buffers, onto generated outputs at field scale (sediment trapping efficiency) and at watershed scale (sediment loadings from different sources) were evaluated and quantified. The AnnAGNPS riparian buffer component represents an important step in understanding and accounting for the effect of riparian vegetation, existing and/or managed, in reducing sediment loads at the watershed scale. C1 [Momm, Henrique G.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Geosci, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. [Bingner, Ronald L.; Locke, Martin A.; Wells, Robert R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. [Yuan, Yongping] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Momm, HG (reprint author), Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Geosci, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. EM henrique.momm@mtsu.edu NR 47 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 61 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1736 EP 1753 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.10.0413 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ9FQ UT WOS:000343154200023 PM 25603259 ER PT J AU Valdivia, P Martin, M LeFew, WR Ross, J Houck, KA Shafer, TJ AF Valdivia, Pablo Martin, Matt LeFew, William R. Ross, James Houck, Keith A. Shafer, Timothy J. TI Multi-well microelectrode array recordings detect neuroactivity of ToxCast compounds SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Screening; ToxCast; Microelectrode arrays; Electrophysiology ID ADVERSE OUTCOME PATHWAYS; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; SODIUM-CHANNELS; NEUROTOXICITY; CHEMICALS; NEURONS; BINDING; MECHANISMS; FUNGICIDES AB Spontaneous activity in neuronal cultures on microelectrode arrays (MEAs) is sensitive to effects of drugs, chemicals, and particles. Multi-well MEA (mwMEA) systems have increased throughput of MEAs, enabling their use for chemical screening. The present experiments examined a subset of EPA's ToxCast compounds for effects on spontaneous neuronal activity in primary cortical cultures using 48-well MEA plates. A first cohort of 68 compounds was selected from the ToxCast Phase I and II libraries; 37 were positive in one or more of 20 individual ToxCast Novascreen assays related to ion channels (NVS_IC), with the remainder selected based on known neuroactivity. A second cohort of 25 compounds was then tested with 20 originating from the ToxCast Phase I and II libraries (not hits in NVS_IC assays) and 5 known negatives from commercial vendors. Baseline activity (1 h) was recorded prior to exposing the networks to compounds for 1 h, and the weighted mean firing rate (wMFR) was determined in the absence and presence of each compound. Compounds that altered activity by greater than the weighted change of DMSO-treated wells plus 2SD were considered "hits". Of the first set of 68 compounds, 54 altered wMFR by more than the threshold, while in the second set, 13/25 compounds were hits. MEAs detected 30 of 37 (81.1%) compounds that were hits in NVS_IC assays, as well as detected known neurotoxicants that were negative in NVS_IC assays, primarily pyrethroids and GABA(A) receptor antagonists. Conversely, wMFR of cortical neuronal networks on MEAs was insensitive to nicotinic compounds, as only one neonicotinoid was detected by MEAs; this accounts for the bulk of non-concordant compounds between MEA and NVS_IC assays. These data demonstrate that mwMEAs can be used to screen chemicals efficiently for potential neurotoxicity, and that the results are concordant with predictions from ToxCast NVS_IC assays for interactions with ion channels. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Valdivia, Pablo; Ross, James] Axion Biosyst, Atlanta, GA USA. [Martin, Matt; Houck, Keith A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [LeFew, William R.; Shafer, Timothy J.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Shafer, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, MD-B105-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Shafer.tim@epa.gov OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 FU US EPA Office of Research and Development; Axion Biosystems [CRADA 644-11]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This work was conducted as part of a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between the US EPA Office of Research and Development and Axion Biosystems (CRADA 644-11). Preparation of this document has been funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This document has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X EI 1872-9711 J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 BP 204 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.06.012 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA AQ2XY UT WOS:000342654500023 PM 24997244 ER PT J AU Brooks, WR Newbold, SC AF Brooks, Wesley R. Newbold, Stephen C. TI An updated biodiversity nonuse value function for use in climate change integrated assessment models SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Climate change; Ecosystem; Integrated assessment model; Nonuse value; Structural benefit transfer ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; DAMAGE COSTS; RESPONSES; PLANTS AB The impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems are among the key reasons for concern about climate change. Integrated assessment models are the main tools used to estimate the global economic benefits of policies that would address climate change, but these models typically include only a partial accounting and idiosyncratic treatment of ecosystem impacts. Here, we review several recent studies of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and show that the biodiversity value function in the FUND integrated assessment model is insensitive to predicted biodiversity loss, instead depending almost entirely on temperature changes per se. We use quantitative estimates of the influence of global warming on species extinction rates to re-calibrate the biodiversity loss function in FUND, and develop a new global biodiversity nonuse value function calibrated using results from two previous studies of people's willingness to pay to prevent the loss of tropical rainforests and to protect endangered species in the US. In contrast to the ecosystem damages function in FUND, our biodiversity value function depends on temperature only indirectly through its influence on biodiversity loss. Finally, we highlight areas where further research is needed for developing more comprehensive and reliable forecasts of ecosystem damages related to climate change. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brooks, Wesley R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Newbold, Stephen C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Newbold, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM wrbrooks@gmail.com; newbold.steve@epa.gov OI Brooks, Wesley/0000-0002-2927-0464 NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 EI 1873-6106 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 105 BP 342 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.06.015 PG 8 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA AP7QU UT WOS:000342272600034 ER PT J AU Rappazzo, KM Daniels, JL Messer, LC Poole, C Lobdell, DT AF Rappazzo, Kristen M. Daniels, Julie L. Messer, Lynne C. Poole, Charles Lobdell, Danelle T. TI Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter during Pregnancy and Risk of Preterm Birth among Women in New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, 2000-2005 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; LOS-ANGELES; OUTCOMES; CALIFORNIA; WEIGHT; PM2.5; PREMATURITY; MORTALITY; COHORT AB Background: Particulate matter <= 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) has been variably associated with preterm birth (PTB). OBJECTIVE: We classified PTB into four categories (20-27, 28-31, 32-34, and 35-36 weeks completed gestation) and estimated risk differences (RDs) for each category in association with a 1-mu g/m(3) increase in PM2.5 exposure during each week of gestation. METHODS: We assembled a cohort of singleton pregnancies that completed >= 20 weeks of gestation during 2000-2005 using live birth certificate data from three states (Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New Jersey) (n = 1,940,213; 8% PTB). We estimated mean PM2.5 exposures for each week of gestation from monitor-corrected Community Multi-Scale Air Quality modeling data. RDs were estimated using modified Poisson linear regression and adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, marital status, education, age, and ozone. RESULTS: RD estimates varied by exposure window and outcome period. Average PM2.5 exposure during the fourth week of gestation was positively associated with all PTB outcomes, although magnitude varied by PTB category [e. g., for a 1-mu g/m(3) increase, RD = 11.8 (95% CI: -6, 29.2); RD = 46 (95% CI: 23.2, 68.9); RD = 61.1 (95% CI: 22.6, 99.7); and RD = 28.5 (95% CI: -39, 95.7) for preterm births during 20-27, 28-31, 32-34, and 35-36 weeks, respectively]. Exposures during the week of birth and the 2 weeks before birth also were positively associated with all PTB categories. CONCLUSIONS: Exposures beginning around the time of implantation and near birth appeared to be more strongly associated with PTB than exposures during other time periods. Because particulate matter exposure is ubiquitous, evidence of effects of PM2.5 exposure on PTB, even if small in magnitude, is cause for concern. C1 [Rappazzo, Kristen M.; Daniels, Julie L.; Poole, Charles] Univ N Carolina, UNC Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Messer, Lynne C.] Portland State Univ, Coll Urban & Publ Affairs, Sch Community, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Lobdell, Danelle T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Rappazzo, KM (reprint author), UNC Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. EM Rappazzo.kristen@epa.gov NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 122 IS 9 BP 992 EP 997 DI 10.1289/ehp.1307456 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AO9XT UT WOS:000341714600029 PM 24879653 ER PT J AU Isakov, V Arunachalam, S Batterman, S Bereznicki, S Burke, J Dionisio, K Garcia, V Heist, D Perry, S Snyder, M Vette, A AF Isakov, Vlad Arunachalam, Saravanan Batterman, Stuart Bereznicki, Sarah Burke, Janet Dionisio, Kathie Garcia, Val Heist, David Perry, Steve Snyder, Michelle Vette, Alan TI Air Quality Modeling in Support of the Near-Road Exposures and Effects of Urban Air Pollutants Study (NEXUS) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE dispersion modeling; air pollution; exposure; traffic ID LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; DISPERSION MODEL; FORMULATION; PROXIMITY; MORTALITY; PROJECT; ATLANTA; DESIGN; HEALTH AB A major challenge in traffic-related air pollution exposure studies is the lack of information regarding pollutant exposure characterization. Air quality modeling can provide spatially and temporally varying exposure estimates for examining relationships between traffic-related air pollutants and adverse health outcomes. A hybrid air quality modeling approach was used to estimate exposure to traffic-related air pollutants in support of the Near-Road Exposures and Effects of Urban Air Pollutants Study (NEXUS) conducted in Detroit (Michigan, USA). Model-based exposure metrics, associated with local variations of emissions and meteorology, were estimated using a combination of the American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD) and Research LINE-source dispersion model for near-surface releases (RLINE) dispersion models, local emission source information from the National Emissions Inventory, detailed road network locations and traffic activity, and meteorological data from the Detroit City Airport. The regional background contribution was estimated using a combination of the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) and the Space-Time Ordinary Kriging (STOK) models. To capture the near-road pollutant gradients, refined "mini-grids" of model receptors were placed around participant homes. Exposure metrics for CO, NOx, PM2.5 and its components (elemental and organic carbon) were predicted at each home location for multiple time periods including daily and rush hours. The exposure metrics were evaluated for their ability to characterize the spatial and temporal variations of multiple ambient air pollutants compared to measurements across the study area. C1 [Isakov, Vlad; Bereznicki, Sarah; Burke, Janet; Dionisio, Kathie; Garcia, Val; Heist, David; Perry, Steve; Vette, Alan] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Arunachalam, Saravanan; Snyder, Michelle] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. [Batterman, Stuart] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Isakov, V (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Isakov.Vlad@epa.gov; sarav@unc.edu; stuartb@umich.edu; sarah.bereznicki@gmail.com; Burke.janet@epa.gov; Dionisio.Kathie@epa.gov; Garcia.Val@epa.gov; Heist.David@epa.gov; Perry.Steven@epa.gov; mgs3584@email.unc.edu; Vette.Alan@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [R834117] FX We thank Gary Norris, Carry Croghan and Rich Cook at US EPA, Laprisha Berry Vaughn, Sonya Grant, Chris Godwin, Graciela Mentz, Xiaodan Ren, Irme Cuadros and other staff at the University of Michigan, and Brian Naess, Mohammad Omary, Kevin Talgo, Alejandro Valencia, Yasuyuki Akita and Marc Serre of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. We are grateful to the NEXUS participants and their families who assisted us with the collection of these data. Community Action Against Asthma is a community-based participatory research partnership aimed at investigating the influence of environmental factors on childhood asthma. We acknowledge the contributions of all of the partners involved in this collaborative effort: Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services; Community Health & Social Services Center; Detroit Department of Health and Wellness Promotion; Detroit Hispanic Development Corporation; Detroiters Working for Environmental Justice; Friends of Parkside; Latino Family Services; Southwest Detroit Environmental Vision; Warren/Conner Development Coalition; Institute for Population Health, and the University of Michigan Schools of Public Health and Medicine. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded the research described here under cooperative agreement R834117 (University of Michigan). It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 35 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD SEP PY 2014 VL 11 IS 9 BP 8777 EP 8793 DI 10.3390/ijerph110908777 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AP4DN UT WOS:000342027500011 PM 25166917 ER PT J AU Batterman, S Burke, J Isakov, V Lewis, T Mukherjee, B Robins, T AF Batterman, Stuart Burke, Janet Isakov, Vlad Lewis, Toby Mukherjee, Bhramar Robins, Thomas TI A Comparison of Exposure Metrics for Traffic-Related Air Pollutants: Application to Epidemiology Studies in Detroit, Michigan SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE air pollution; dispersion modeling; epidemiology; exhaust; exposure misclassification; PM2.5; traffic; vehicle ID NEAR-ROAD; POLLUTION EPIDEMIOLOGY; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; DISPERSION; QUALITY; MODELS; HEALTH; EMISSIONS; DOWNWIND; RALEIGH AB Vehicles are major sources of air pollutant emissions, and individuals living near large roads endure high exposures and health risks associated with traffic-related air pollutants. Air pollution epidemiology, health risk, environmental justice, and transportation planning studies would all benefit from an improved understanding of the key information and metrics needed to assess exposures, as well as the strengths and limitations of alternate exposure metrics. This study develops and evaluates several metrics for characterizing exposure to traffic-related air pollutants for the 218 residential locations of participants in the NEXUS epidemiology study conducted in Detroit (MI, USA). Exposure metrics included proximity to major roads, traffic volume, vehicle mix, traffic density, vehicle exhaust emissions density, and pollutant concentrations predicted by dispersion models. Results presented for each metric include comparisons of exposure distributions, spatial variability, intraclass correlation, concordance and discordance rates, and overall strengths and limitations. While showing some agreement, the simple categorical and proximity classifications (e. g., high diesel/low diesel traffic roads and distance from major roads) do not reflect the range and overlap of exposures seen in the other metrics. Information provided by the traffic density metric, defined as the number of kilometers traveled (VKT) per day within a 300 m buffer around each home, was reasonably consistent with the more sophisticated metrics. Dispersion modeling provided spatially- and temporally-resolved concentrations, along with apportionments that separated concentrations due to traffic emissions and other sources. While several of the exposure metrics showed broad agreement, including traffic density, emissions density and modeled concentrations, these alternatives still produced exposure classifications that differed for a substantial fraction of study participants, e. g., from 20% to 50% of homes, depending on the metric, would be incorrectly classified into "low", "medium" or "high" traffic exposure classes. These and other results suggest the potential for exposure misclassification and the need for refined and validated exposure metrics. While data and computational demands for dispersion modeling of traffic emissions are non-trivial concerns, once established, dispersion modeling systems can provide exposure information for both on- and near-road environments that would benefit future traffic-related assessments. C1 [Batterman, Stuart; Robins, Thomas] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Burke, Janet; Isakov, Vlad] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lewis, Toby] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Pulm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mukherjee, Bhramar] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Batterman, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 1420 Washington Hts, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM stuartb@umich.edu; burke.janet@epa.gov; isakov.vlad@epa.gov; tobyl@med.umich.edu; bhramar@umich.edu; trobins@umich.edu FU Office of Research and Development at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R834117]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [5R01 ESO14677-02, R01 ES016769-01]; NIEHS [P30ES017885]; United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [R-82811201] FX Funding sources that supported this research included the Office of Research and Development at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under cooperative agreement R834117 (University of Michigan), and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) through grants 5R01 ESO14677-02 and R01 ES016769-01 for NEXUS. NIEHS provided additional support in grant P30ES017885 "Lifestage exposures and adult disease". This article has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Portions of the research in this article were conducted under contract to the Health Effects Institute (HEI), an organization jointly funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Assistance Award No. R-82811201) and certain motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views of HEI, or its sponsors, nor do they necessarily reflect the views and policies of the EPA or motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 29 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD SEP PY 2014 VL 11 IS 9 BP 9553 EP 9577 DI 10.3390/ijerph110909553 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AP4DN UT WOS:000342027500056 PM 25226412 ER PT J AU Lu, J Buse, HY Gomez-Alvarez, V Struewing, I Santo Domingo, J Ashbolt, NJ AF Lu, J. Buse, H. Y. Gomez-Alvarez, V. Struewing, I. Santo Domingo, J. Ashbolt, N. J. TI Impact of drinking water conditions and copper materials on downstream biofilm microbial communities and Legionella pneumophila colonization SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biofilm; downstream; Legionella pneumophila; microbial community; pipe material ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYLCHLORIDE; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; RESISTING BACTERIA; PLUMBING MATERIALS; PIPE MATERIALS; IDENTIFICATION; ACANTHAMOEBA; PCR; BIODIVERSITY AB Aims: This study examined the impact of pipe materials and introduced Legionella pneumophila on downstream Leg. pneumophila colonization and microbial community structures under conditions of low flow and low chlorine residual. Methods and Results: CDC biofilm (TM) reactors containing either unplasticized polyvinylchloride (uPVC) or copper (Cu) coupons were used to develop mature biofilms on Norprene (TM) tubing effluent lines to simulate possible in-premise biofilm conditions. The microbial communities were characterized through 16S and 18S rRNA gene clone libraries and Leg. pneumophila colonization was determined via specific qPCR assays. The Cu significantly decreased downstream microbial diversity, approximately halved bacterial and eukaryotic abundance, with some groups only detected in uPVC-reactor tubing biofilms. However, some probable amoeba-resisting bacteria (ARB) like Mycobacterium spp. and Rhodobacteraceae were significantly more abundant in the Cu than uPVC-reactor tubing biofilms. In particular, Leg. pneumophila only persisted (postinoculation) within the Cu-reactor tubing biofilms, and the controlled low chlorine residue and water flow conditions led to a general high abundance of possible free-living protozoa in all tubing biofilms. The higher relative abundance of ARB-like sequences from Cu-coupons vs uPVC may have been promoted by amoebal selection and subsequent ARB protection from Cu inhibitory effects. Conclusions: Copper pipe and low flow conditions had significant impact on downstream biofilm microbial structures (on plastic pipe) and the ability for Leg. pneumophila colonization post an introduction event. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first report that compares the effects of copper and uPVC materials on downstream biofilm communities grown on a third (Norprene (TM)) surface material. The downstream biofilms contained a high abundance of free-living amoebae and ARB, which may have been driven by a lack of residual disinfectant and periodic stagnant conditions. Given the prevalence of Cu-piping in buildings, there may be increased risk from drinking water exposures to ARB following growth on pipe/fixture biofilms within premise drinking water systems. C1 [Lu, J.; Gomez-Alvarez, V.; Santo Domingo, J.; Ashbolt, N. J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Buse, H. Y.; Struewing, I.] Dynamac Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Lu, J (reprint author), Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lu.jingrang@epa.gov FU Pathfinder Innovation Project - Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) FX This research was supported by the Pathfinder Innovation Project - Funded by the Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 EI 1365-2672 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 117 IS 3 BP 905 EP 918 DI 10.1111/jam.12578 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AP6VE UT WOS:000342215300029 PM 24935752 ER PT J AU Anenberg, SC West, JJ Yu, HB Chin, M Schulz, M Bergmann, D Bey, I Bian, HS Diehl, T Fiore, A Hess, P Marmer, E Montanaro, V Park, R Shindell, D Takemura, T Dentener, F AF Anenberg, Susan C. West, J. Jason Yu, Hongbin Chin, Mian Schulz, Michael Bergmann, Dan Bey, Isabelle Bian, Huisheng Diehl, Thomas Fiore, Arlene Hess, Peter Marmer, Elina Montanaro, Veronica Park, Rokjin Shindell, Drew Takemura, Toshihiko Dentener, Frank TI Impacts of intercontinental transport of anthropogenic fine particulate matter on human mortality SO AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Health impact assessment; Particulate matter; Long-range transport; Chemical transport modeling ID REGIONAL AIR-QUALITY; MULTIMODEL ASSESSMENT; EMISSION CONTROLS; GLOBAL BURDEN; UNITED-STATES; POLLUTION; AEROSOL; OZONE; EXPOSURE; VISIBILITY AB Fine particulate matter with diameter of 2.5 mu m or less (PM2.5) is associated with premature mortality and can travel long distances, impacting air quality and health on intercontinental scales. We estimate the mortality impacts of 20 % anthropogenic primary PM2.5 and PM2.5 precursor emission reductions in each of four major industrial regions (North America, Europe, East Asia, and South Asia) using an ensemble of global chemical transport model simulations coordinated by the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution and epidemiologically-derived concentration-response functions. We estimate that while 93-97 % of avoided deaths from reducing emissions in all four regions occur within the source region, 3-7 % (11,500; 95 % confidence interval, 8,800-14,200) occur outside the source region from concentrations transported between continents. Approximately 17 and 13 % of global deaths avoided by reducing North America and Europe emissions occur extraregionally, owing to large downwind populations, compared with 4 and 2 % for South and East Asia. The coarse resolution global models used here may underestimate intraregional health benefits occurring on local scales, affecting these relative contributions of extraregional versus intraregional health benefits. Compared with a previous study of 20 % ozone precursor emission reductions, we find that despite greater transport efficiency for ozone, absolute mortality impacts of intercontinental PM2.5 transport are comparable or greater for neighboring source-receptor pairs, due to the stronger effect of PM2.5 on mortality. However, uncertainties in modeling and concentration-response relationships are large for both estimates. C1 [Anenberg, Susan C.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [West, J. Jason] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Yu, Hongbin] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chin, Mian; Bian, Huisheng; Diehl, Thomas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schulz, Michael] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Bergmann, Dan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Bey, Isabelle] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Diehl, Thomas] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Fiore, Arlene] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Hess, Peter] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. [Marmer, Elina] Univ Hamburg, Dept Educ, Hamburg, Germany. [Montanaro, Veronica] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Park, Rokjin] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Shindell, Drew] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, Drew] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Takemura, Toshihiko] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. [Dentener, Frank] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. RP Anenberg, SC (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW MC6301A, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM anenberg.susan@epa.gov RI Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; West, Jason/J-2322-2015; Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012 OI Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987; Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; FU NASA; US Department of Energy (BER) at LLNL [DE-AC5207NA27344] FX The opinions expressed in this article are the authors' and do not necessarily represent those of their employers, including the USEPA. Model simulations were performed under the UN ECE Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution. H. Y. was supported by the NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program administered by R. Eckman. D. B. was supported by the US Department of Energy (BER) at LLNL under contract DE-AC5207NA27344. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 40 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1873-9318 EI 1873-9326 J9 AIR QUAL ATMOS HLTH JI Air Qual. Atmos. Health PD SEP PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 369 EP 379 DI 10.1007/s11869-014-0248-9 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO8GP UT WOS:000341592100011 ER PT J AU Li, ZW Clark, RM Buchberger, SG Yang, YJ AF Li, Zhiwei Clark, Robert M. Buchberger, Steven G. Yang, Y. Jeffrey TI Evaluation of Climate Change Impact on Drinking Water Treatment Plant Operation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Impact; Evaluation; Water treatment plants; Monte Carlo method ID QUALITY AB This paper describes a technique for evaluating the impact of climate change on drinking water treatment operations and for applying engineering principles to minimize those impacts. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Water Treatment Plant model was modified, validated, and applied to a case study based on the Greater Cincinnati Water Works' Richard Miller treatment plant to provide quantitative measures of these impacts. Multivariate Monte Carlo experiments were executed to simulate and track performance of the Miller plant subject to nine jointly distributed source water quality parameters under both current and potential future hydrologic conditions. Results from the case study indicate a risk that finished water may exceed critical total organic carbon (TOC) levels, leading to potential violations of disinfection by-product regulations under plausible future scenarios. The future risk, however, can be managed with operational adjustments at the water treatment plant, such as increasing the frequency of granular activated carbon reactivation. Utility costs associated with the operation adjustments were expressed as cost curves. The approach presented in this paper can be useful for evaluating climate change impacts and for planning infrastructure and operational adaptation. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Li, Zhiwei] Carbon Capture Sci Ltd Liabil Co, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. [Li, Zhiwei; Buchberger, Steven G.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Clark, Robert M.] Engn & Publ Hlth Consultant, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA. [Yang, Y. Jeffrey] US EPA, ORD NRMRL WSWRD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Li, ZW (reprint author), Carbon Capture Sci Ltd Liabil Co, 4000 Brownsville Rd, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. EM zhiweili@carboncapturescientific.com; rmclark@fuse.net; steven.buchberger@uc.edu; Yang.Jeff@epa.gov FU USEPA [EP-C-05-056] FX This study is part of the Water Resources Adaptation Program (WRAP)-Infrastructure supported by USEPA under contract EP-C-05-056. The research described in this paper has been subjected to the Agency administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency; therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. The authors are grateful for assistance and cooperation from the following individuals: Jeff Swertfeger, Jeff Vogt, and Yeongho Lee of the Greater Cincinnati Water Works; Warren Swanson of Schmueser, Gordon and Meyer; Alexa Obolensky of the Philadelphia Water Department; Greg Carroll, Alison Dugan, Pat Fair, and Steve Allgeier of EPA's Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water; and Jeff Adams, Hiba Ernst, and John Lipscomb of EPA's Office of Research and Development. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 23 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 EI 1943-7870 J9 J ENVIRON ENG JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2014 VL 140 IS 9 SI SI AR UNSP A4014005 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000824 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP7AP UT WOS:000342230200008 ER PT J AU Zhu, DZ Yang, YJ AF Zhu, David Z. Yang, Y. Jeffrey TI Special Issue on Drinking Water Safety, Security, and Sustainability Introduction SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zhu, David Z.] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Hangzhou 315058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Zhu, David Z.] Univ Alberta, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada. [Yang, Y. Jeffrey] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Zhu, DZ (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Hangzhou 315058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM david.zhu@ualberta.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 EI 1943-7870 J9 J ENVIRON ENG JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2014 VL 140 IS 9 SI SI AR UNSP A2014001 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000865 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP7AP UT WOS:000342230200001 ER PT J AU Reavie, ED Barbiero, RP Allinger, LE Warren, GJ AF Reavie, Euan D. Barbiero, Richard P. Allinger, Lisa E. Warren, Glenn J. TI Phytoplankton trends in the Great Lakes, 2001-2011 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Diatoms; Phytoplankton; Trend analysis; Algae; Water quality; Food webs ID SILICEOUS MICROFOSSIL SUCCESSION; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; SPECIES COMPOSITION; LOADING ANALYSIS; MASS-BALANCE; MICHIGAN; ERIE; ONTARIO; HURON; DIATOMS AB We describe recent trends in phytoplankton composition and abundance in the Laurentian Great Lakes using synoptic spring (April) and summer (August) sampling events from 2001 through 2011, a period of rapid shifts in pelagic food webs and water quality. Data analysis identified qualitative and quantitative changes in algal densities, biovolume, and taxonomic composition of assemblages. Since 2001, Lake Superior has changed subtly with an increase in small-celled blue-green algae in spring and a recent decline in summer centric diatoms, possibly a result of lake warming and changes in water quality. Spring phytoplankton declines mainly attributed to diatoms occurred in Lakes Huron and Michigan, a probable result of invasions by non-native dreissenids that have reduced pelagic nutrients and selectively consumed certain taxa. The decline in Lake Huron's spring phytoplankton biovolume was earlier and more severe than that in Lake Michigan, despite a faster and more abundant dreissenid invasion in Lake Michigan. Lake Erie's central basin had a notable increase in spring centric diatoms (largely Aulacoseira), while the whole of Lake Erie shows a summer increase in cyanobacteria, complementing that found in coastal regions. The composition of Lake Ontario's species assemblage shifted, but little overall change in algal abundance was observed with the exception of higher summer densities of cyanophytes. Additional mechanisms for shifts in the pelagic primary producers are described or hypothesized in the context of concurrent shifts in water quality and invertebrate populations. Tracking these trends and explaining driving factors will be critical to the management of lake conditions. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reavie, Euan D.; Allinger, Lisa E.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Barbiero, Richard P.] CSC, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. [Barbiero, Richard P.] Loyola Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. [Warren, Glenn J.] US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Reavie, ED (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. EM ereavie@d.umn.edu; gloeotri@sbcglobal.net; lallinge@d.umn.edu; warren.glenn@epa.gov OI Reavie, Euan/0000-0001-8871-5809 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [GL-00E23101-2] FX Michael Agbeti and Elaine Ruzycki supported algal assessments of the GLNPO phytoplankton samples. Kitty Kennedy, Amy Kireta, and the crew of the R/V Lake Guardian supported sample collection. This research was supported by a grant to E. Reavie from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Cooperative Agreement GL-00E23101-2. This document has not been subjected to the EPA's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the view of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. This is contribution number 567 of the Center for Water and the Environment, Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth. NR 69 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 10 U2 79 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 IS 3 BP 618 EP 639 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.04.013 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AP4GF UT WOS:000342034500018 ER PT J AU Govindaraju, RS McCuen, RH Hantush, MM AF Govindaraju, R. S. McCuen, R. H. Hantush, M. M. TI Publishing in the Journal of Hydrologic Engineering (Retracted article. See vol. 20, 08215002, 2015) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Govindaraju, R. S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McCuen, R. H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hantush, M. M.] US EPA, USEPA Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP McCuen, RH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rhmccuen@eng.umd.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 19 IS 9 AR 01814001 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001031 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AP7AC UT WOS:000342228800001 ER PT J AU Hantush, MM Chaudhary, A AF Hantush, Mohamed M. Chaudhary, Abhishek TI Bayesian Framework for Water Quality Model Uncertainty Estimation and Risk Management SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Water quality; Model; Uncertainty; Bayes; Monte Carlo; Calibration; Maximum likelihood; Risk management; Total maximum daily load (TMDL); Margin of safety ID TMDL DEVELOPMENT; EQUIFINALITY; SAFETY; MARGIN AB A formal Bayesian methodology is presented for integrated model calibration and risk-based water quality management using Bayesian Monte Carlo simulation and maximum likelihood estimation (BMCML). The primary focus is on lucid integration of model calibration with risk-based water quality management and total maximum daily load (TMDL) estimation under conditions of uncertainty. The sources of uncertainty considered in the analysis are modeling errors, observational data errors and fuzziness of the water quality standard. The difference between observed data or transformation thereof and corresponding model response is assumed to follow first-order Markov process, a specific case of which is statistically independent Gaussian errors. The BMCML method starts with sampling parameter sets from prior probability distributions of the model parameters and uses Bayes theorem and the maximum likelihood technique to estimate the triplicate (variance of residual errors, bias and autocorrelation coefficient of total errors) for each parameter set and the corresponding likelihood value. By approximating integration over the entire parameter space discretely, analytical expressions are derived for the cumulative probability distributions of model outputs and probability of violating water quality standards. The solution of the TMDL problem and related margin of safety (MOS) is then framed in the context of the developed Bayesian framework. Three example applications of varying complexities are utilized to demonstrate the versatility of the Bayesian methodology for water quality management. The BMCML methodology is validated using a hypothetical lake-phosphorus model and familiar statistical benchmarks. It is shown that the risk-based framework can estimate the reliability of an arbitrarily selected MOS as demonstrated in the Fork Creek bacteria and Shunganunga Creek dissolved oxygen TMDL case-studies. It is also shown that neglecting covariation among model parameters (i.e., by sampling parameter values from their posterior marginal distributions) influences the estimation of probability of exceedance and could potentially lead to the overestimation of the MOS at low risk levels. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Hantush, Mohamed M.] US EPA, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, ORD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Chaudhary, Abhishek] ETH, Inst Environm Engn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Chaudhary, Abhishek] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. RP Hantush, MM (reprint author), US EPA, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, ORD, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM hantush.mohamed@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-C-11-006]; Pegasus Technical Services, Inc. FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract (EP-C-11-006) with Pegasus Technical Services, Inc. It has not been subject to the Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 40 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 19 IS 9 AR 04014015 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000900 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AP7AC UT WOS:000342228800008 ER PT J AU Amann, A Costello, B Miekisch, W Schubert, J Buszewski, B Pleil, J Ratcliffe, N Risby, T AF Amann, Anton Costello, Ben de Lacy Miekisch, Wolfram Schubert, Jochen Buszewski, Boguslaw Pleil, Joachim Ratcliffe, Norman Risby, Terence TI The human volatilome: volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath, skin emanations, urine, feces and saliva SO JOURNAL OF BREATH RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE volatile organic compounds (VOCs); breath tests; skin emanations ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; AUTOMATED HEADSPACE CONCENTRATION; MECHANICALLY VENTILATED PATIENTS; ACUTE ALCOHOLIC INTOXICATION; MEDIATED LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; MOSQUITO AEDES-AEGYPTI AB Breath analysis is a young field of research with its roots in antiquity. Antoine Lavoisier discovered carbon dioxide in exhaled breath during the period 1777-1783, Wilhelm (Vilem) Petters discovered acetone in breath in 1857 and Johannes Muller reported the first quantitative measurements of acetone in 1898. A recent review reported 1765 volatile compounds appearing in exhaled breath, skin emanations, urine, saliva, human breast milk, blood and feces. For a large number of compounds, real-time analysis of exhaled breath or skin emanations has been performed, e.g., during exertion of effort on a stationary bicycle or during sleep. Volatile compounds in exhaled breath, which record historical exposure, are called the 'exposome'. Changes in biogenic volatile organic compound concentrations can be used to mirror metabolic or (patho)physiological processes in the whole body or blood concentrations of drugs (e.g. propofol) in clinical settings-even during artificial ventilation or during surgery. Also compounds released by bacterial strains like Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Streptococcus pneumonia could be very interesting. Methyl methacrylate (CAS 80-62-6), for example, was observed in the headspace of Streptococcus pneumonia in concentrations up to 1420 ppb. Fecal volatiles have been implicated in differentiating certain infectious bowel diseases such as Clostridium difficile, Campylobacter, Salmonella and Cholera. They have also been used to differentiate other non-infectious conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, alterations in urine volatiles have been used to detect urinary tract infections, bladder, prostate and other cancers. Peroxidation of lipids and other biomolecules by reactive oxygen species produce volatile compounds like ethane and 1-pentane. Noninvasive detection and therapeutic monitoring of oxidative stress would be highly desirable in autoimmunological, neurological, inflammatory diseases and cancer, but also during surgery and in intensive care units. The investigation of cell cultures opens up new possibilities for elucidation of the biochemical background of volatile compounds. In future studies, combined investigations of a particular compound with regard to human matrices such as breath, urine, saliva and cell culture investigations will lead to novel scientific progress in the field. C1 [Amann, Anton] Med Univ Innsbruck, Univ Clin Anesthesia & Intens Care, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Amann, Anton] Univ Innsbruck, Breath Res Inst, A-6850 Dornbirn, Austria. [Costello, Ben de Lacy; Ratcliffe, Norman] Univ W England, Inst Biosensor Technol, Bristol BS16 1QY, Avon, England. [Miekisch, Wolfram; Schubert, Jochen] Univ Rostock, Dept Anaesthesiol & Intens Care, D-18057 Rostock, Germany. [Buszewski, Boguslaw] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Fac Chem, Dept Environm Chem & Bioanalyt, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Pleil, Joachim] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Risby, Terence] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Amann, A (reprint author), Med Univ Innsbruck, Univ Clin Anesthesia & Intens Care, Anichstr 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RI Buszewski, Boguslaw/A-3187-2009; Schubert, Jochen/F-4788-2016 OI Schubert, Jochen/0000-0002-0956-9506 FU Oncotyrol-project [2.1.1]; Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation, and Technology (BMVIT/BMWA) [836308]; Austrian Agency for International Cooperation in Education and Research (OeAD-GmbH) [SPA 04/158-FEM_PERS]; Scientific and Technological Cooperation (Wissenschaftlich-Technische Zusammenarbeit-WTZ) [PL 01/2012]; Vorarlberg (Austria); Competence Centre Oncotyrol FX AA gratefully appreciates funding from the Oncotyrol-project 2.1.1. The Competence Centre Oncotyrol is funded within the scope of the COMET-Competence Centers for Excellent Technologies through BMVIT, BMWFJ, through the province of Salzburg and the Tiroler Zukunftsstiftung/Standortagentur Tirol. The COMET Program is conducted by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). AA appreciates funding from the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation, and Technology (BMVIT/BMWA, project 836308, KIRAS) and from the Austrian Agency for International Cooperation in Education and Research (OeAD-GmbH, project SPA 04/158-FEM_PERS). AA and BB appreciate funding by the Scientific and Technological Cooperation (Wissenschaftlich-Technische Zusammenarbeit-WTZ) between Austria and Poland (project no PL 01/2012). AA thanks the government of Vorarlberg (Austria) for its generous support. The contribution provided by JP has been reviewed by US EPA and approved for publication. NR 306 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 31 U2 169 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1752-7155 EI 1752-7163 J9 J BREATH RES JI J. Breath Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 3 SI SI AR 034001 DI 10.1088/1752-7155/8/3/034001 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Respiratory System GA AP0SO UT WOS:000341774500002 PM 24946087 ER PT J AU Pleil, JD Stiegel, MA Fent, KW AF Pleil, Joachim D. Stiegel, Matthew A. Fent, Kenneth W. TI Exploratory breath analyses for assessing toxic dermal exposures of firefighters during suppression of structural burns SO JOURNAL OF BREATH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adverse outcome pathway; exposome; firefighter; JP-8 jet fuel; PAHs; benzene; heatmap ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; EXHALED BREATH; BIOMARKERS; SCIENCE; EXHAUST; RISK AB Firefighters wear fireproof clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) during rescue and fire suppression activities to protect against acute effects from heat and toxic chemicals. Fire services are also concerned about long-term health outcomes from chemical exposures over a working lifetime, in particular about low-level exposures that might serve as initiating events for adverse outcome pathways (AOP) leading to cancer. As part of a larger US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) study of dermal exposure protection from safety gear used by the City of Chicago firefighters, we collected pre- and post-fire fighting breath samples and analyzed for single-ring and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as bioindicators of occupational exposure to gas-phase toxicants. Under the assumption that SCBA protects completely against inhalation exposures, any changes in the exhaled profile of combustion products were attributed to dermal exposures from gas and particle penetration through the protective clothing. Two separate rounds of firefighting activity were performed each with 15 firefighters per round. Exhaled breath samples were collected onto adsorbent tubes and analyzed with gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with a targeted approach using selective ion monitoring. We found that single ring aromatics and some PAHs were statistically elevated in post-firefighting samples of some individuals, suggesting that fire protective gear may allow for dermal exposures to airborne contaminants. However, in comparison to a previous occupational study of Air Force maintenance personnel where similar compounds were measured, these exposures are much lower suggesting that firefighters' gear is very effective. This study suggests that exhaled breath sampling and analysis for specific targeted compounds is a suitable method for assessing systemic dermal exposure in a simple and non-invasive manner. C1 [Pleil, Joachim D.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, NERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Stiegel, Matthew A.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Fent, Kenneth W.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Pleil, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, NERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pleil.joachim@epa.gov FU NIOSH FX The authors are thankful for the volunteer subjects from the Chicago Fire Department. This research has been subjected to EPA review and approved for publication. This study was internally funded by NIOSH and approved by the NIOSH Human Subjects Review Board. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of NIOSH. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1752-7155 EI 1752-7163 J9 J BREATH RES JI J. Breath Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 3 SI SI AR 037107 DI 10.1088/1752-7155/8/3/037107 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Respiratory System GA AP0SO UT WOS:000341774500012 PM 25190461 ER PT J AU Walker, MJ AF Walker, Michael J. TI Worth the Effort? NIMBY Public Comments Offer Little Value Added SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Enforcement Training Inst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Walker, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Enforcement Training Inst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM walker.mike@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0033-3352 EI 1540-6210 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 74 IS 5 BP 629 EP 629 DI 10.1111/puar.12262 PG 1 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA AP0AJ UT WOS:000341722400014 ER PT J AU Phelan, J Belyazid, S Kurz, D Guthrie, S Cajka, J Sverdrup, H Waite, R AF Phelan, Jennifer Belyazid, Salim Kurz, Daniel Guthrie, Scott Cajka, James Sverdrup, Harald Waite, Randall TI Estimation of Soil Base Cation Weathering Rates with the PROFILE Model to Determine Critical Loads of Acidity for Forested Ecosystems in Pennsylvania, USA: Pilot Application of a Potential National Methodology SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Base cation; Weathering; Critical acid load; Nitrogen; Sulfur; Forest ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FINE-ROOT DYNAMICS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; RED SPRUCE; UNCERTAINTY; EXCEEDANCES; CHEMISTRY; STRESS; HEALTH; CANADA AB Base cation weathering (BCw) rate is one of the most influential yet difficult to estimate parameters in the calculation of critical acid loads of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition for terrestrial systems. Only the clay correlation-substrate method, a simple empirical model, has been used for estimating BCw rates for forest ecosystems in the conterminous USA and may not be suitable for application at all sites without calibration or revision. An alternate model, PROFILE, may offer an improved method to estimate BCw rates. It is a transferable, process-based model that simulates the weathering rates of groups of minerals. The objective of this study was to evaluate PROFILE using national datasets as a method to estimate BCw rates for forests in the USA, focusing on Pennsylvania (PA) as the first test state. The model paired with national datasets was successfully applied at 51 forested sites across PA. Weathering rates ranged from 119 to 9,245 eq ha(-1) year(-1) and were consistent with soil properties and regional geology. Comparisons of terrestrial critical acid loads with 2002 N and S deposition showed critical load exceedances at 53 % of the sites. This trial evaluation of PROFILE paired with national datasets in PA establishes that there are sufficient data to support the estimation of BCw rates and determination of critical acid loads for forests in the USA. However, the paired method should be applied in other locations to further evaluate the performance of the model in different regions of the country. C1 [Phelan, Jennifer; Guthrie, Scott; Cajka, James] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Belyazid, Salim] Belyazid Consulting & Commun AB, S-21128 Malmo, Sweden. [Kurz, Daniel] EKG Geosci, CH-3011 Bern, Switzerland. [Sverdrup, Harald] Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Waite, Randall] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Phelan, J (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jenphelan@rti.org FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the EPA. The authors wish to thank William Cannon and David Smith for their assistance with the USGS Landscapes Project soil mineralogy dataset, Mike Wilson for his assistance with the USDA-NRCS SSURGO soil database, and Jason Lynch and Tara Greaver for their support and constructive review of the manuscript. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 225 IS 9 AR 2109 DI 10.1007/s11270-014-2109-4 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA AP1NG UT WOS:000341836700029 ER PT J AU Yurista, PM Yule, DL Balge, M VanAlstine, JD Thompson, JA Gamble, AE Hrabik, TR Kelly, JR Stockwell, JD Vinson, MR AF Yurista, Peder M. Yule, Daniel L. Balge, Matt VanAlstine, Jon D. Thompson, Jo A. Gamble, Allison E. Hrabik, Tom R. Kelly, John R. Stockwell, Jason D. Vinson, Mark R. TI A new look at the Lake Superior biomass size spectrum SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PLANKTON COUNTER; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; CISCO COREGONUS-ARTEDI; GREAT-LAKES; FOOD-WEB; RAINBOW-SMELT; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; ECOLOGICAL CHANGE; ACOUSTIC SURVEYS; FRESH-WATER AB We synthesized data from multiple sampling programs and years to describe the Lake Superior pelagic biomass size structure. Data consisted of Coulter counts for phytoplankton, optical plankton counts for zooplankton, and acoustic surveys for pelagic prey fish. The size spectrum was stable across two time periods separated by 5 years. The primary scaling or overall slope of the normalized biomass size spectra for the combined years was -1.113, consistent with a previous estimate for Lake Superior (-1.10). Periodic dome structures within the overall biomass size structure were fit to polynomial regressions based on the observed sub-domes within the classical taxonomic positions (algae, zooplankton, and fish). This interpretation of periodic dome delineation was aligned more closely with predator-prey size relationships that exist within the zooplankton (herbivorous, predacious) and fish (planktivorous, piscivorous) taxonomic positions. Domes were spaced approximately every 3.78 log10 units along the axis and with a decreasing peak magnitude of -4.1 log10 units. The relative position of the algal and herbivorous zooplankton domes predicted well the subsequent biomass domes for larger predatory zooplankton and planktivorous prey fish. C1 [Yurista, Peder M.; VanAlstine, Jon D.; Thompson, Jo A.; Kelly, John R.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Yule, Daniel L.; Stockwell, Jason D.; Vinson, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Balge, Matt; Gamble, Allison E.; Hrabik, Tom R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Yurista, PM (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM yurista.peder@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency; US Geological Survey; Lake Superior LaMP Technical Committee; US EPA Great Lakes National Program Office FX We thank M. E. Sierszen for his comments and discussion that helped to improve this paper and two reviewers who helped in shaping clarity and presentation. Tyler Sikora helped with data analysis of pelagic fish domes. This work was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency, US Geological Survey, and Lake Superior LaMP Technical Committee. Ship time on the R/V Lake Guardian was supported by the US EPA Great Lakes National Program Office. Development of statistical designs used in 2006 and 2011 were with the assistance of Tony Olsen (Western Ecology Division US EPA ORD) and Matt Starry with related GIS work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USEPA. This article is contribution 1851 of the US Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 24 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1324 EP 1333 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0596 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AO7FP UT WOS:000341518100005 ER PT J AU Gawande, MB Rathi, AK Tucek, J Safarova, K Bundaleski, N Teodoro, OMND Kvitek, L Varma, RS Zboril, R AF Gawande, Manoj B. Rathi, Anuj K. Tucek, Jiri Safarova, Klara Bundaleski, Nenad Teodoro, Orlando M. N. D. Kvitek, Libor Varma, Rajender S. Zboril, Radek TI Magnetic gold nanocatalyst (nanocat-Fe-Au): catalytic applications for the oxidative esterification and hydrogen transfer reactions SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MULTICOMPONENT REACTIONS; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; COATED MAGHEMITE; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; SULFONIC-ACID; SOLVENT-FREE; NANOPARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; OXIDE AB An efficient and sustainable protocol is described for the oxidative esterification of aldehydes and the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds that uses a magnetically separable and reusable maghemite-supported gold nanocatalyst (nanocat-Fe-Au) under mild conditions. The complex chemical, morphological, structural and size analyses, including e.g. XPS, HRTEM, Mossbauer spectroscopy and HRTEM, revealed that the hybrid material is composed of a well-defined stoichiometric maghemite support (20-30 nm) decorated with ultrasmall (5-6 nm) gold nanoparticles. The hybrid catalytic system containing 4 wt% of nanogold has been generated using simple impregnation methods in aqueous medium from readily available starting materials and was recycled five times without any significant loss in catalytic activity; high yields, 40-95% and 83-94% for oxidative esterification and reduction reactions, respectively, were obtained. C1 [Gawande, Manoj B.; Rathi, Anuj K.; Tucek, Jiri; Safarova, Klara; Kvitek, Libor; Zboril, Radek] Palacky Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys Chem, Reg Ctr Adv Technol & Mat, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. [Bundaleski, Nenad; Teodoro, Orlando M. N. D.] Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Phys, Ctr Phys & Technol Res CeFITec, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Gawande, MB (reprint author), Palacky Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys Chem, Reg Ctr Adv Technol & Mat, Slechtitelu 11, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. EM manoj.gavande@upol.cz; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov; radek.zboril@upol.cz RI Zboril, Radek/F-5153-2015; OI Teodoro, Orlando/0000-0002-3424-2847; Bundaleski, Nenad/0000-0002-5958-2282; Zboril, Radek/0000-0002-3147-2196 FU Operational Program Research and Development for Innovations - European Regional Development Fund [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0058]; Operational Program Education for competitiveness - European Social Fund of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0041]; Technology Agency of the Czech Republic "Competence Centres" [TE01010218]; Portuguese Research Grant [Pest-OE/FIS/UI0068/2011] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support by the Operational Program Research and Development for Innovations - European Regional Development Fund (project CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0058), by the Operational Program Education for competitiveness - European Social Fund (project CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0041) of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, by the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic "Competence Centres" (project TE01010218) and by the Portuguese Research Grant Pest-OE/FIS/UI0068/2011. NR 48 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 81 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 16 IS 9 BP 4137 EP 4143 DI 10.1039/c4gc00774c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO4BW UT WOS:000341282200014 ER PT J AU Li, T Li, X AF Li, Tao Li, Xuan TI Comprehensive mass analysis for chemical processes, a case study on L-Dopa manufacture SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TREGOE DECISION-ANALYSIS; RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; GREEN CHEMISTRY; PHARMACEUTICAL-INDUSTRY; METHYL-BROMIDE; ROUTE; METRICS; TOOL; PERSPECTIVE; SUSTAINABILITY AB To evaluate the "greenness" of chemical processes in route selection and process development, we propose a comprehensive mass analysis to inform the stakeholders from different fields. This is carried out by characterizing the mass intensity for each contributing chemical or waste component with a new algorithm. The analysis is demonstrated with the evaluation of commercial processes for L-Dopa. The plan-wide impacts on inputs are estimated for design features such as the choice of starting material, the use of one-pot synthesis for multiple reactions, recycling of the wrong enantiomer, methods for intermediate isolation, and volumetric productivity. The waste effluent profile is generated to project waste management needs. It has been found that the current biocatalytic process (Ajinomoto) has the best process efficiency and minimal waste treatment needs. The mass efficiency has been improved by at least 6.5 fold through biocatalyst optimization, and reaction intensification employing the crystallization-induced equilibrium shift. C1 [Li, Tao; Li, Xuan] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin L King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM li.tao@epa.gov NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 16 IS 9 BP 4241 EP 4256 DI 10.1039/c4gc00565a PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO4BW UT WOS:000341282200026 ER PT J AU Baig, RBN Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Baig, R. B. Nasir Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Carbon-coated magnetic palladium: applications in partial oxidation of alcohols and coupling reactions SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CATALYTIC C-C; AEROBIC OXIDATION; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; EFFICIENT CATALYST; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; AMINO-ACIDS; PD CATALYST; NANOPARTICLES; COPPER AB A carbon-coated magnetic Pd catalyst has been synthesized via in situ generation of nanoferrites and incorporation of carbon from renewable cellulose via calcination; the catalyst can be used for oxidation of alcohols, amination reaction and arylation of aryl halides (cross-coupling reaction). C1 [Baig, R. B. Nasir; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Baig, RBN (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov FU Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX R. B. Nasir Baig was supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 16 IS 9 BP 4333 EP 4338 DI 10.1039/c4gc00748d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO4BW UT WOS:000341282200035 ER PT J AU Baig, RBN Varma, RS AF Baig, R. B. Nasir Varma, Rajender S. TI Magnetic Carbon-Supported Palladium Nanoparticles: An Efficient and Sustainable Catalyst for Hydrogenation Reactions SO ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Nano ferrites; Cellulose; Reduction; Allcenes; Nitro compounds; Magnetic separation ID GREEN CHEMISTRY AB A magnetic carbon-supported Pd catalyst has been synthesized via in situ generation of nanoferrites and incorporation of carbon from renewable cellulose via calcination. The catalyst can be used for the hydrogenation of alkenes and reduction of aryl nitro compounds. C1 [Baig, R. B. Nasir; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@.epa.gov FU Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory FX R. B. Nasir Baig was supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2168-0485 J9 ACS SUSTAIN CHEM ENG JI ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 2 IS 9 BP 2155 EP 2158 DI 10.1021/sc500341h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering GA AO3KW UT WOS:000341229100009 ER PT J AU Yadav, JSS Yan, S More, TT Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY AF Yadav, J. S. S. Yan, S. More, T. T. Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Recovery of residual soluble protein by two-step precipitation process with concomitant COD reduction from the yeast-cultivated cheese whey SO BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Fermentation; Whey protein; Thermal precipitation; Carboxymethylcellulose; Recovery; COD ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT PHENOLICS; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN; MILK-PROTEINS; THERMAL-DENATURATION; SERUM-ALBUMIN; BY-PRODUCTS; SHEAR RATE; BINDING; CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE AB The present study was conducted to recover the residual soluble protein after cultivation of yeast (K. marxianus) in cheese whey. Cheese whey continuous fermentation with cell recycle system was carried out at 40 A degrees C and pH 3.5. The yeast biomass was separated from the fermented broth by centrifugation and residual soluble protein from fermented whey supernatant was precipitated by heat treatment (at 100 A degrees C, pH 4.5 and 10 min incubation). The maximum soluble protein recovery up to 53 % was achieved at pH 4.5 with 54 % residual COD removal. However, gravity sedimentable precipitates were obtained at pH 3.5 with 47 % protein recovery. Therefore, the reactor (scale up) study was conducted at pH 3.5 with agitation, which resulted in 68 % of residual soluble protein recovery and simultaneously residual COD removal of 62 %. Further precipitation/coagulation of soluble protein was also evaluated using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and then two precipitation (thermal followed by CMC precipitation) processes were combined to increase the protein precipitation, which finally reached up to 81 % of total soluble protein recovery from the supernatant. This optimized process could be applied to recover the residual protein left after fermentation of cheese whey without centrifugation. C1 [Yadav, J. S. S.; Yan, S.; More, T. T.; Tyagi, R. D.] Univ Quebec, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, 490 Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A4984, RDCPJ379601-08]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Canada Research Chair) FX Authors are sincerely thankful to Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant A4984, RDCPJ379601-08, and Canada Research Chair) for their financial support. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-7591 EI 1615-7605 J9 BIOPROC BIOSYST ENG JI Bioprocess. Biosyst. Eng. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1825 EP 1837 DI 10.1007/s00449-014-1155-z PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA AO1SN UT WOS:000341094500014 PM 24615516 ER PT J AU Bushel, PR Wang, C Gong, B Thierry-Mieg, J Thierry-Mieg, D Xu, J Fang, H Kreil, DP Megherbi, D Li, J Paules, RS Shi, L Auerbach, SS Tong, W AF Bushel, P. R. Wang, C. Gong, B. Thierry-Mieg, J. Thierry-Mieg, D. Xu, J. Fang, H. Kreil, D. P. Megherbi, D. Li, J. Paules, R. S. Shi, L. Auerbach, S. S. Tong, W. TI Bioinformatics Applications Reveal Gene Regulation Complexities in Response to Toxicant Exposures. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagenesis-and-Genomics-Society (EMGS) CY SEP 13-17, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Environm Mutagenesis & Genom Soc C1 [Bushel, P. R.; Paules, R. S.; Auerbach, S. S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Gong, B.; Xu, J.; Fang, H.; Shi, L.; Tong, W.] Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Wang, C.] Loma Linda Univ, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. [Thierry-Mieg, J.; Thierry-Mieg, D.] Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. [Kreil, D. P.] Boku Univ, Vienna, Austria. [Kreil, D. P.] Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Megherbi, D.] Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA USA. [Li, J.] Kelly Govt Solut, Durham, NC USA. RI Gong, Binsheng/E-2306-2015 OI Gong, Binsheng/0000-0002-8724-5435 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 55 SU 1 MA S51 BP S31 EP S31 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA AO2ST UT WOS:000341176900060 ER PT J AU Divi, RL Lindeman, TE Shockley, ME Keshava, C Weston, A Poirier, MC AF Divi, R. L. Lindeman, T. E. Shockley, M. E. Keshava, C. Weston, A. Poirier, M. C. TI Correlation between CYP1A1 RNA Transcript, Protein Level, Enzyme Activity, and DNA Adducts in Primary Normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cells Exposed to Benzo[a]pyrene SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagenesis-and-Genomics-Society (EMGS) CY SEP 13-17, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Environm Mutagenesis & Genom Soc C1 [Divi, R. L.; Lindeman, T. E.; Shockley, M. E.; Poirier, M. C.] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Keshava, C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Weston, A.] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 55 SU 1 MA P68 BP S56 EP S56 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA AO2ST UT WOS:000341176900159 ER PT J AU Gibbons, CF Caldwell, JC Chiu, WA DeMarini, DM Fritz, JM AF Gibbons, C. F. Caldwell, J. C. Chiu, W. A. DeMarini, D. M. Fritz, J. M. TI A Systematic Approach to Organizing Mechanistic Data for Risk Assessment by Linking Endpoints with Informative Mechanistic Characteristics of Carcinogenesis. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagenesis-and-Genomics-Society (EMGS) CY SEP 13-17, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Environm Mutagenesis & Genom Soc C1 [Gibbons, C. F.; Caldwell, J. C.; Chiu, W. A.; Fritz, J. M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [DeMarini, D. M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI Fritz, Jason/K-1439-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 55 SU 1 MA P51 BP S52 EP S52 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA AO2ST UT WOS:000341176900143 ER PT J AU Keshava, N Woodall, G Keshava, C Reinhart, P AF Keshava, N. Woodall, G. Keshava, C. Reinhart, P. TI Chemically-Induced Mouse Lung Tumors: Applications to Human Health Assessments. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagenesis-and-Genomics-Society (EMGS) CY SEP 13-17, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Environm Mutagenesis & Genom Soc C1 [Keshava, N.; Woodall, G.; Keshava, C.; Reinhart, P.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Woodall, George/M-5658-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 55 SU 1 MA P52 BP S52 EP S52 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA AO2ST UT WOS:000341176900144 ER PT J AU Kligerman, AD Geter, DR George, MH Moore, TM Wood, CE DeAngelo, AB AF Kligerman, A. D. Geter, D. R. George, M. H. Moore, T. M. Wood, C. E. DeAngelo, A. B. TI Induction of Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF) in Rats By Haloacetic Acids SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagenesis-and-Genomics-Society (EMGS) CY SEP 13-17, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Environm Mutagenesis & Genom Soc C1 [Kligerman, A. D.; Geter, D. R.; George, M. H.; Moore, T. M.; Wood, C. E.; DeAngelo, A. B.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Geter, D. R.] Bayer Crop Sci LP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 55 SU 1 MA P91 BP S61 EP S61 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA AO2ST UT WOS:000341176900182 ER PT J AU Nath, RG Sonawane, BR Vulimiri, SV Lin, YS AF Nath, R. G. Sonawane, B. R. Vulimiri, S. V. Lin, Y-S TI Epigenetic Effects of Cadmium. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagenesis-and-Genomics-Society (EMGS) CY SEP 13-17, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Environm Mutagenesis & Genom Soc C1 [Nath, R. G.; Sonawane, B. R.; Vulimiri, S. V.; Lin, Y-S] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 55 SU 1 MA P81 BP S59 EP S59 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA AO2ST UT WOS:000341176900172 ER PT J AU Schoeny, R AF Schoeny, R. TI Incorporating Biological, Chemical, and Toxicological Knowledge into Predictive Models of Toxicity. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagenesis-and-Genomics-Society (EMGS) CY SEP 13-17, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Environm Mutagenesis & Genom Soc C1 [Schoeny, R.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 55 SU 1 MA S17 BP S23 EP S23 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA AO2ST UT WOS:000341176900027 ER PT J AU Schoeny, RS Thybaud, V van Benthem, J Delrue, N Douglas, GR Lorge, E Lovell, DP Singer, T AF Schoeny, R. S. Thybaud, V van Benthem, J. Delrue, N. Douglas, G. R. Lorge, E. Lovell, D. P. Singer, T. TI Revision of OECD Guidelines for Genotoxicity Testing: Current Status and Next Steps. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagenesis-and-Genomics-Society (EMGS) CY SEP 13-17, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Environm Mutagenesis & Genom Soc C1 [Schoeny, R. S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Thybaud, V] Sanofi, Vitry Sur Seine, France. [van Benthem, J.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Delrue, N.] OECD, Paris, France. [Douglas, G. R.; Singer, T.] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Lorge, E.] Servier Grp, Orleans, France. [Lovell, D. P.] Univ London, London, England. ENVIRON Int Corp, Little Rock, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 55 SU 1 MA P50 BP S51 EP S51 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA AO2ST UT WOS:000341176900142 ER PT J AU Sonawane, BR Nath, RG Makris, SL AF Sonawane, B. R. Nath, R. G. Makris, S. L. TI Epigenetic Effects of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagenesis-and-Genomics-Society (EMGS) CY SEP 13-17, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Environm Mutagenesis & Genom Soc C1 [Sonawane, B. R.; Nath, R. G.; Makris, S. L.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 55 SU 1 MA P82 BP S59 EP S59 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA AO2ST UT WOS:000341176900173 ER PT J AU Thomas, RS AF Thomas, R. S. TI Toxicogenomics and Dose-Response: Applications to Risk Assessment. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagenesis-and-Genomics-Society (EMGS) CY SEP 13-17, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Environm Mutagenesis & Genom Soc C1 [Thomas, R. S.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 55 SU 1 MA S41 BP S29 EP S29 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA AO2ST UT WOS:000341176900050 ER PT J AU VanDuyn, NM Franzosa, JA Houck, KA Ward, WO Chorley, BN Corton, JC AF VanDuyn, N. M. Franzosa, J. A. Houck, K. A. Ward, W. O. Chorley, B. N. Corton, J. C. TI Building Predictive Gene Signatures through Simultaneous Assessment of Transcription Factor Activation and Gene Expression. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagenesis-and-Genomics-Society (EMGS) CY SEP 13-17, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Environm Mutagenesis & Genom Soc C1 [VanDuyn, N. M.; Franzosa, J. A.; Houck, K. A.; Ward, W. O.; Chorley, B. N.; Corton, J. C.] US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 55 SU 1 MA P41 BP S49 EP S49 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA AO2ST UT WOS:000341176900133 ER PT J AU Winquist, A Kirrane, E Klein, M Strickland, M Darrow, LA Sarnat, SE Gass, K Mulholland, J Russell, A Tolbert, P AF Winquist, Andrea Kirrane, Ellen Klein, Mitch Strickland, Matthew Darrow, Lyndsey A. Sarnat, Stefanie Ebelt Gass, Katherine Mulholland, James Russell, Armistead Tolbert, Paige TI Joint Effects of Ambient Air Pollutants on Pediatric Asthma Emergency Department Visits in Atlanta, 1998-2004 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUMULATIVE RISK-ASSESSMENT; SHORT-TERM ASSOCIATIONS; TIME-SERIES HEALTH; SOURCE-APPORTIONMENT; GASEOUS-POLLUTANTS; MEASUREMENT ERROR; DAILY MORTALITY; POLLUTION; QUALITY; MULTIPOLLUTANT AB Background: Because ambient air pollution exposure occurs as mixtures, consideration of joint effects of multiple pollutants may advance our understanding of the health effects of air pollution. Methods: We assessed the joint effect of air pollutants on pediatric asthma emergency department visits in Atlanta during 1998-2004. We selected combinations of pollutants that were representative of oxidant gases and secondary, traffic, power plant, and criteria pollutants, constructed using combinations of criteria pollutants and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) components. Joint effects were assessed using multipollutant Poisson generalized linear models controlling for time trends, meteorology, and daily nonasthma upper respiratory emergency department visit counts. Rate ratios (RRs) were calculated for the combined effect of an interquartile range increment in each pollutant's concentration. Results: Increases in all of the selected pollutant combinations were associated with increases in warm-season pediatric asthma emergency department visits (eg, joint-effect RR = 1.13 [95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.21] for criteria pollutants, including ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and PM2.5). Cold-season joint effects from models without nonlinear effects were generally weaker than warm-season effects. Joint-effect estimates from multipollutant models were often smaller than estimates based on single-pollutant models, due to control for confounding. Compared with models without interactions, joint-effect estimates from models including first-order pollutant interactions were largely similar. There was evidence of nonlinear cold-season effects. Conclusions: Our analyses illustrate how consideration of joint effects can add to our understanding of health effects of multipollutant exposures and also illustrate some of the complexities involved in calculating and interpreting joint effects of multiple pollutants. C1 [Winquist, Andrea; Klein, Mitch; Strickland, Matthew; Sarnat, Stefanie Ebelt; Tolbert, Paige] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kirrane, Ellen] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Durham, NC USA. [Darrow, Lyndsey A.; Gass, Katherine] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Mulholland, James; Russell, Armistead] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Winquist, A (reprint author), 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM awinqui@emory.edu RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015 FU US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) [EP-12-H-000093]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [K01ES019877]; USEPA [R834799, STAR R829213-01]; NIH [R01ES011294]; Electric Power Research Institute [EP-P27723/C13172] FX This publication was made possible by US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), contract EP-12-H-000093, National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant K01ES019877, and USEPA grant R834799. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the USEPA. Further, USEPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. Support for the original emergency department study was provided by grants from NIH (R01ES011294), USEPA (STAR R829213-01), and the Electric Power Research Institute (EP-P27723/C13172). NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 37 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 EI 1531-5487 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2014 VL 25 IS 5 BP 666 EP 673 DI 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000146 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AN6RA UT WOS:000340722600006 PM 25045931 ER PT J AU Ferreira, WR Ligeiro, R Macedo, DR Hughes, RM Kaufmann, PR Oliveira, LG Callisto, M AF Ferreira, Wander R. Ligeiro, Raphael Macedo, Diego R. Hughes, Robert M. Kaufmann, Philip R. Oliveira, Leandro G. Callisto, Marcos TI Importance of environmental factors for the richness and distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in tropical headwater streams SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EPT assemblages; physical habitat; hydromorphology; stream conservation; macroinvertebrate bioindicators; Cerrado headwater streams ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; MULTIMETRIC INDEX; PHYSICAL HABITAT; BRAZILIAN CERRADO; EUROPEAN STREAMS; WADEABLE STREAMS; LAND-USE; FISH; RIVER; SCALE AB An understanding of the interactions among local environmental factors (e.g., physical habitat and water quality) and aquatic assemblages is essential to conserve biodiversity in tropical and subtropical headwater streams. We evaluated the relative importance of multiple physical and chemical habitat variables that influence the richness of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) assemblages in wadeable Brazilian Cerrado (savanna) streams. We sampled macroinvertebrate assemblages and quantified physical and chemical habitat in 79 randomly selected sites in 2 Cerrado basins in southeastern Brazil. The environmental variables selected by multiple regression models (MLRs) via corrected Akaike Information Criteria (AICc) contributed significantly to variation in EPT taxon richness. The variance explained by physical-habitat variables was slightly greater in the Upper Sao Francisco Basin (adjusted R-2 = 0.53) than in the Upper Araguari Basin (adjusted R-2 = 0.46), and both were greater than the variance explained by a combined basin model (adjusted R-2 = 0.39). Physical-habitat variables were more important than water-quality variables in structuring EPT genera in streams with catchments dominated by agriculture or pasture land uses. Regional models can be improved by incorporating basin-specific information to refine biological assessments and to provide better understanding of the interactions that maintain biodiversity in stream networks. C1 [Ferreira, Wander R.; Ligeiro, Raphael; Macedo, Diego R.; Callisto, Marcos] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Lab Ecol Bentos, Dept Biol Geral, Inst Ciencias Biol, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Macedo, Diego R.] Inst Brasileiro Geog & Estat, BR-30310150 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Amnis Opes Inst, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Kaufmann, Philip R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Oliveira, Leandro G.] Univ Fed Goias, Dept Ecol, Inst Ciencias Biol, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. RP Ferreira, WR (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Lab Ecol Bentos, Dept Biol Geral, Inst Ciencias Biol, Av Antonio Carlos 6627,CP 486, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM ferreirawr@gmail.com; ligeirobio@gmail.com; rodriguesmacedo@gmail.com; hughes.bob@amnisopes.com; kaufmann.phil@epamail.epa.gov; lego@ufg.br; callistom@ufmg.br RI Macedo, Diego/G-2506-2015; Ligeiro, Raphael/K-7791-2015; Callisto, Marcos/O-4930-2015 OI Macedo, Diego/0000-0002-1178-4969; Ligeiro, Raphael/0000-0001-9717-5461; Callisto, Marcos/0000-0003-2341-4700 FU Peixe-Vivo Program of Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais; Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento/Agencia Nacional de Energia Eletrica/Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais-PD [ANEEL/CEMIG GT-487]; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais; Fulbright-Brasil; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) [471385/211-5, 302960/2011-2]; Fundacao de Amparo da Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) [PPM-00077/13] FX We thank the Peixe-Vivo Program of Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais, Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento/Agencia Nacional de Energia Eletrica/Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais-P&D ANEEL/CEMIG GT-487, Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais, and Fulbright-Brasil for financial support. MC received a research grant and a research fellowship from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq no. 471385/211-5 and 302960/2011-2) and research grant from the Fundacao de Amparo da Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG PPM-00077/13). Tony Olsen, Marc Weber, and Phil Larsen of the Corvallis US Environmental Protection Agency Laboratory (Oregon, USA) kindly assisted in developing spatial sampling designs and selecting wadeable stream sample sites in our Brazilian basins. We thank Juliana Franca, Deborah Silva, and Ana Paula Eller for water-quality analyses; Carlos Bernardo Mascarenhas Alves for logistical support; colleagues from the Federal University of Minas Gerais Benthic Ecology Laboratory, Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Federal University of Lavras, and Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais for help with field collections; and researchers at the US EPA Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, Oregon, for discussions during an October 2011 workshop. Our manuscript was improved based on reviews by Bob Ozretich and Michael Griffith of the US EPA and 2 anonymous referees. This manuscript has been subjected to review by the US EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 9 U2 92 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 33 IS 3 BP 860 EP 871 DI 10.1086/676951 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN4TF UT WOS:000340580700016 ER PT J AU Snyder, E Drake, J Cardarelli, J Hall, K Szabo, J Demmer, R Lindberg, M Riggs, K James, R AF Snyder, Emily Drake, John Cardarelli, John Hall, Kathy Szabo, Jeff Demmer, Rick Lindberg, Michael Riggs, Karen James, Ryan TI ASSESSMENT OF SELF-HELP METHODS TO REDUCE POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO RADIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION AFTER A LARGE-SCALE RADIOLOGICAL RELEASE SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cs-137; accidents, nuclear; cesium; exposure, radiation AB After the release of radioactive materials from a large radiological dispersal device (e.g., dirty bomb), improvised nuclear detonation, or nuclear power plant accident, up to hundreds of square miles may be contaminated. A portion of this area will be evacuated; however, people living in the portion that is not evacuated yet is still contaminated with low-levels of radioactive contamination will be asking for ways they can reduce their exposure. Whether cleaning activities can significantly reduce exposure is not fully understood. In this effort, the ability of cleaning activities to remove cesium (Cs-137) was studied. The removal efficacy of cleaning with a commercial product, Simple Green (R), was compared to cleaning with water for hard surfaces typically seen in residences. The removal efficacy of laundering fabric material surfaces was also determined for a range of conditions (e.g., fabric material type, wash temperature). During these studies, assessments of the implications of these activities (e.g., cross-contamination, resulting waste streams) were also completed. Simple Green (R) and water were effective for removing Cs-137 from plastic laminate and vinyl flooring (93.4-96.8%) but were not effective for removing Cs-137 from painted wallboard and wood (7.3-68.1%). It was also determined that there was no significant difference between the two cleaners on all of the surfaces, except plastic laminate, for which Simple Green (R) was slightly more effective. Laundering was effective for removing Cs-137 contamination from polyester and cotton swatches and cotton comforters (up to 96.8% in the single swatch testing). C1 [Snyder, Emily] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Drake, John; Hall, Kathy; Szabo, Jeff] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Cardarelli, John] US EPA, Off Solid Waste, Erlanger, KY 41018 USA. [Cardarelli, John] Emergency Response Off Emergency Managements Cons, Erlanger, KY 41018 USA. [Demmer, Rick] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Lindberg, Michael] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Riggs, Karen; James, Ryan] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Snyder, E (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM snyder.emily@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-C-10-001] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here (through Battelle contract No. EP-C-10-001). It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 107 IS 3 BP 231 EP 241 DI 10.1097/HP.0000000000000101 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AN5FM UT WOS:000340616100005 PM 25068960 ER PT J AU Sherrod, L Schlosser, K Kozlowski, A Bird, B Werkema, DD Swiontek, J AF Sherrod, Laura Schlosser, Kenneth Kozlowski, Andrew Bird, Brian Werkema, D. Dale, Jr. Swiontek, Jarred TI Geophysical Characterization of the Keene Valley Landslide in New York State SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY; DEEP-SEATED LANDSLIDE; SEISMIC-REFRACTION; OCCAMS INVERSION; TURKEY; SLOPE; MOVEMENT; GEOMETRY; FRANCE AB The largest naturally occurring landslide in New York State history began in early May 2011. Melting of winter snowpack followed by abnormally high volumes of April rain saturated the underlying glacial stratigraphy and initiated the 0.33 km(2) (82 acre) landslide on Little Porter Mountain in the High-Peaks region of the Adirondack Mountains. Downs lope soil movement rates between 15 and 60 cm per day demonstrated their destructive capacity as the shifting soils caused one house to be condemned because of the unstable ground and foundation while simultaneously rendering three other houses into immediate danger. The mechanisms controlling this landslide were investigated using geophysical methods, displacement measurements, and borehole logs. Nineteen electrical resistivity imaging surveys were implemented to map the subsurface glacial features. Ground penetration radar (GPR) profiles were collected along many of the resistivity lines and additional reconnaissance lines in several other locations. These surveys identified subsurface features such as the buried bedrock surface, thick sequences of loose zones of saturated sediments and clays within the glacial till, and boulder zones. The geophysical data were compared with displacement station measurements and precipitation records, which led to the interpretation that the landslide was triggered by large infiltration and the failure surface was along a clay-sand interface. The nature of the slide is revealed as a deep-seated rotational surface within the glacial deposits instead of the bedrock debris avalanche failures that are considered typical of the Adirondack region. The results of this study assist in the Little Porter Mountain landslide characterization and hazard potential classification of similar glacial deposits on slopes in the Adirondacks region. C1 [Sherrod, Laura; Schlosser, Kenneth; Swiontek, Jarred] Kutztown State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. [Kozlowski, Andrew; Bird, Brian] New York State Geol Survey, New York State Museum, Albany, NY 12230 USA. [Werkema, D. Dale, Jr.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Sherrod, L (reprint author), Kutztown State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. EM sherrod@kutztown.edu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX We wish to thank the home owners on Little Porter Mountain in Keene Valley for site access to the landslide, and the reviewers whose comments and suggestions significantly improved the manuscript. The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, partially funded and collaborated in this research. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 19 IS 3 BP 139 EP 155 DI 10.2113/JEEG19.3.139 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA AO2QF UT WOS:000341169600001 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, YA Blaustein, RA Whelan, G Shelton, DR AF Pachepsky, Y. A. Blaustein, R. A. Whelan, G. Shelton, D. R. TI Comparing temperature effects on Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Enterococcus survival in surface waters SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli (all potentially pathogenic types); indicators; processes; Salmonella; thermal; water quality ID INDICATOR BACTERIA; FRESH-WATER; DEPENDENCE; MODEL; INACTIVATION; TYPHIMURIUM; SEAWATER; PLANT; RATES; RIVER AB The objective of this study was to compare dependency of survival rates on temperature for indicator organisms Escherichia coli and Enterococcus and the pathogen Salmonella in surface waters. A database of 86 survival datasets from peer-reviewed papers on inactivation of E. coli, Salmonella and Enterococcus in marine waters and of E. coli and Salmonella in lake waters was assembled. The Q(10) model was used to express temperature effect on survival rates obtained from linear sections of semi-logarithmic survival graphs. Available data were insufficient to establish differences in survival rates and temperature dependencies for marine waters where values of Q(10) = 3 and a survival rate of 0.7 day(-1) could be applied. The Q(10) values in lake waters were substantially lower in marine waters, and Salmonella inactivation in lake water was, on average, twice as fast as E. coli; data on E. coli substantially outnumber data on Enterococcus and Salmonella. The relative increase in inactivation with increase in temperature is higher in marine waters than lake water, and differences in inactivation between Salmonella and E. coli at a given temperature were significant in lake water but not in marine waters. C1 [Pachepsky, Y. A.; Blaustein, R. A.; Shelton, D. R.] ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Whelan, G.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), 10300 Baltimore Ave Bldg 173, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yakov.pachepsky@ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [DW-12-92348101] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract DW-12-92348101 to the USDA-ARS. It has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0266-8254 EI 1472-765X J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 59 IS 3 BP 278 EP 283 DI 10.1111/lam.12272 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AN6DO UT WOS:000340684400004 PM 24739086 ER PT J AU Tal, TL McCollum, CW Harris, PS Olin, J Kleinstreuer, N Wood, CE Hans, C Shah, S Merchant, FA Bondesson, M Knudsen, TB Padilla, S Hemmer, MJ AF Tal, T. L. McCollum, C. W. Harris, P. S. Olin, J. Kleinstreuer, N. Wood, C. E. Hans, C. Shah, S. Merchant, F. A. Bondesson, M. Knudsen, T. B. Padilla, S. Hemmer, M. J. TI Immediate and long-term consequences of vascular toxicity during zebrafish development SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Adverse outcome pathway; EGFR; Intersegmental vessel; VEGFR2 ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; GENOMIC REGULATORY BLOCKS; DANIO-RERIO; SCREENING ASSAY; EGF RECEPTOR; MICE LACKING; DEFECTS; EMBRYOS; IDENTIFICATION; DISRUPTION AB Proper formation of the vascular system is necessary for embryogenesis, and chemical disruption of vascular development may be a key event driving developmental toxicity. In order to test the effect of environmental chemicals on this critical process, we evaluated a quantitative assay in transgenic zebrafish using angiogenesis inhibitors that target VEGFR2 (PTK787) or EGFR (AG1478). Both PTK787 and AG1478 exposure impaired intersegmental vessel (ISV) sprouting, while AG1478 also produced caudal and pectoral fin defects at concentrations below those necessary to blunt ISV morphogenesis. The functional consequences of vessel toxicity during early development included decreased body length and survival in juvenile cohorts developmentally exposed to inhibitor concentrations sufficient to completely block ISV sprouting angiogenesis. These data show that concentration-dependent disruption of the presumed targets for these inhibitors produce adverse outcomes at advanced life stages. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tal, T. L.; Olin, J.; Wood, C. E.; Padilla, S.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [McCollum, C. W.; Bondesson, M.] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Ctr Nucl Receptors & Cell Signaling, Houston, TX USA. [Harris, P. S.; Hemmer, M. J.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, NHEERL, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Kleinstreuer, N.; Knudsen, T. B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hans, C.; Merchant, F. A.] Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Shah, S.; Merchant, F. A.] Univ Houston, Dept Engn Technol, Houston, TX USA. RP Tal, TL (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,B105-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM tal.tamara@epa.gov OI McCollum, Catherine/0000-0002-2238-803X; Kleinstreuer, Nicole/0000-0002-7914-3682 FU EPA Texas-Indiana University Virtual STAR Grant [R834289] FX We are grateful to Alisha Palekar for measuring blinded images. We greatly appreciate Earl Puckett for fabricating the lateral orientation tool and stage adaptor. The authors thank Gabriele Daniels for her technical assistance with the juvenile studies and Alan Tennant for microscopy and imaging assistance. We thank Kim Howard, Ned Collins and Leslie Martin for fish husbandry and Jeffrey Wolf at Experimental Pathology Laboratories, INC. for histopathology peer review. We thank the Zebrafish International Resource Center (RR12546) for providing Tg(kdrl:EGFP)s843/+ zebrafish embryos. CWM and MB were supported by the EPA Texas-Indiana University Virtual STAR Grant (R834289). We are grateful to William Mundy and E. Sidney Hunter for their critical review of the manuscript. This manuscript has been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 48 SI SI BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.05.014 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA AO4WK UT WOS:000341341900006 PM 24907688 ER PT J AU Zucker, R AF Zucker, Robert TI Separating the Signal from the Noise: Expanding Flow Cytometry into the Sub-micron Range SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zucker, R (reprint author), US EPA, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM zucker.robert@epa.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4922 EI 1552-4930 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD SEP PY 2014 VL 85A IS 9 BP 744 EP 745 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.22515 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA AN4CR UT WOS:000340535700003 PM 25139806 ER PT J AU Caffrey, JM Murrell, MC Amacker, KS Harper, JW Phipps, S Woodrey, MS AF Caffrey, Jane M. Murrell, Michael C. Amacker, Kendra S. Harper, Jennifer W. Phipps, Scott Woodrey, Mark S. TI Seasonal and Inter-annual Patterns in Primary Production, Respiration, and Net Ecosystem Metabolism in Three Estuaries in the Northeast Gulf of Mexico (vol 37, pg S222, 2014) SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Correction C1 [Caffrey, Jane M.; Amacker, Kendra S.] Univ W Florida, Ctr Diagnost & Bioremediat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. [Murrell, Michael C.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Harper, Jennifer W.] Apalachicola Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Eastpoint, FL 32328 USA. [Phipps, Scott] Weeks Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Fairhope, AL 36567 USA. [Woodrey, Mark S.] Grand Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Moss Point, MS 39564 USA. [Woodrey, Mark S.] Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, Biloxi, MS 39532 USA. RP Caffrey, JM (reprint author), Univ W Florida, Ctr Diagnost & Bioremediat, 11000 Univ Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. EM jcaffrey@uwf.edu; murrell.michael@epa.gov; amacker.kendra@gmail.com; jennifer.harper@dep.state.fl.us; scott.phipps@dcnr.alabama.gov; msw103@ra.msstate.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2014 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1312 EP 1312 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9856-8 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN3MR UT WOS:000340492800020 ER PT J AU Duan, WL He, B Takara, K Luo, PP Nover, D Yamashiki, Y Huang, WR AF Duan, Weili He, Bin Takara, Kaoru Luo, Pingping Nover, Daniel Yamashiki, Yosuke Huang, Wenrui TI Anomalous atmospheric events leading to Kyushu's flash floods, July 11-14, 2012 SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Kyushu flash floods; Synoptic climatology; Atmospheric anomalous; Reanalysis data ID WEATHER EVENTS; UNITED-STATES; RAINFALL; JAPAN; CLIMATOLOGY; REANALYSIS; PATTERNS; PROJECT; SEASON; RIVER AB During July 11-14, 2012, deadly floods and landslides triggered by a series of unprecedented heavy rains hit Kyushu, Japan, causing at least 32 deaths and around 400,000 evacuations. We focus on synoptic anomalies identified after inspecting rainfall patterns and documenting the conditions associated with this tragic event using data combined from the Global Rainfall Map in Near Real Time data, the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis dataset, and the global forecast system. Rainfall maps indicated that there were many heavy rains in Kyushu in these days and this disaster was associated with the pattern of forecasts and standardized anomalies. A weather trough with positive height anomalies appeared, the center of which moved to the north of Japan over this period, which might cause wind anomalies and whereby lots of water vapor were transported to Kyushu area with up to 90 m s(-1), and high values of precipitable water formed with up to 60 mm. These results suggest that a larger-scale pattern is conducive for heavy rainfall and the anomalies put the pattern in context as to the potential for an extreme rainfall event, which can provide insights and methods for predicting extreme events' or something similar. C1 [Duan, Weili] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Earth Resources Engn, Kyoto, Japan. [Duan, Weili; He, Bin] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [He, Bin; Takara, Kaoru] Kyoto Univ, Ctr Promot Interdisciplinary Educ & Res, Kyoto, Japan. [Luo, Pingping; Yamashiki, Yosuke] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto, Japan. [Nover, Daniel] US EPA, ORD, NCEA, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Huang, Wenrui] Tongji Univ, Key Lab Yangtze River Water Environm, Minist Educ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. RP Duan, WL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM duan.scut.cn@gmail.com; hebin@niglas.ac.cn FU Kyoto University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [P12055]; JSPS KAKENHI [24.02055]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX This study is sponsored by the Kyoto University Global COE program "Sustainability/Survivability Science for a Resilient Society Adaptable to Extreme Weather Conditions" and "Global Center for Education and Research on Human Security Engineering for Asian Megacities," the Postdoctoral fellowship of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (P12055), JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 24.02055 and the "One Hundred talents Program" of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The authors wish to acknowledge Prof. Richard H. Grumm for his help about understanding the standardized anomalies. The first author would like to thank China Scholarship Council (CSC) for his PhD scholarships. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD SEP PY 2014 VL 73 IS 3 BP 1255 EP 1267 DI 10.1007/s11069-014-1134-3 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA AN3MQ UT WOS:000340492700005 ER PT J AU Uehara, S Murayama, N Nakanishi, Y Nakamura, C Hashizume, T Zeldin, DC Yamazaki, H Uno, Y AF Uehara, Shotaro Murayama, Norie Nakanishi, Yasuharu Nakamura, Chika Hashizume, Takanori Zeldin, Darryl C. Yamazaki, Hiroshi Uno, Yasuhiro TI Immunochemical detection of cytochrome P450 enzymes in small intestine microsomes of male and female untreated juvenile cynomolgus monkeys SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article DE CYP; drug metabolism; jejunum ID LIVER-MICROSOMES; DRUG-METABOLISM; CYP2C76; CYP2J2; IDENTIFICATION; INVOLVEMENT; EXPRESSION; ENCODES; GENE AB 1. The expression of small intestinal cytochromes P450 (P450s) has not been systematically measured in cynomolgus monkeys, which are widely used in preclinical drug studies to predict pharmacokinetics and toxicity in humans: therefore, P450 content of small intestine was quantified in 35 cynomolgus monkeys by immunoblotting using 11 selective antibodies. 2. CYP2D, CYP2J2, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 were detected in all 35 animals, while CYP1A and CYP2C9/19 were detected in 31 and 17 animals, respectively. CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 were detected with the same antibody. CYP1D, CYP2A, CYP2B6, CYP2C76 and CYP2E1 were not detected in any of the 35 animals examined. 3. On analysis of pooled microsomes (35 animals), CYP3A (3A4 + 3A5) was most abundant (79% of total immunoquantified CYP1-3 proteins), followed by CYP2J2 (13%), CYP2C9/19 (4%), CYP1A (3%) and CYP2D (0.4%). On the analysis of individual microsome samples, each P450 content varied 2-to-6-fold between animals, and no sex differences were observed in any P450 content. 4. These findings should help to increase the understanding of drug metabolism, especially the first-pass effect, in cynomolgus monkey small intestines. C1 [Uehara, Shotaro; Nakanishi, Yasuharu; Nakamura, Chika; Uno, Yasuhiro] Shin Nippon Biomed Labs Ltd, Pharmacokinet & Bioanal Ctr, Kainan, Wakayama 6420017, Japan. [Murayama, Norie; Yamazaki, Hiroshi] Showa Pharmaceut Univ, Lab Drug Metab & Pharmacokinet, Machida, Tokyo, Japan. [Hashizume, Takanori] Osaka Ohtani Univ, Fac Pharm, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan. [Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Uno, Y (reprint author), Shin Nippon Biomed Labs Ltd, Pharmacokinet & Bioanal Ctr, Genome Res Grp, 16-1 Minami Akasaka, Kainan, Wakayama 6420017, Japan. EM uno-yasuhiro@snbl.co.jp OI Yamazaki, Hiroshi/0000-0002-1068-4261 FU Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This work was supported, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0049-8254 EI 1366-5928 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 769 EP 774 DI 10.3109/00498254.2014.895882 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA AN3CN UT WOS:000340462600001 PM 24593267 ER PT J AU Steffens, JT Heist, DK Perry, SG Isakov, V Baldauf, RW Zhang, KM AF Steffens, Jonathan T. Heist, David K. Perry, Steven G. Isakov, Vlad Baldauf, Richard W. Zhang, K. Max TI Effects of roadway configurations on near-road air quality and the implications on roadway designs SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Emissions; CFD; Sustainable communities; Urban planning ID AEROSOL DYNAMICS; WIND-TUNNEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; ENVIRONMENT; DISPERSION; TURBULENCE; BARRIER; FIELD; MODEL AB This paper presents an analysis of wind tunnel experiments of twelve different roadway configurations and modeling of these configurations using a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) model, aiming at investigating how flow structures affect the impact of roadway features on near-road and on-road air quality. The presence of roadside barriers, elevated fill and depressed roadways, and combinations of these configurations all reduce ground-level air pollutant concentrations immediately downwind of roadways. However, all of these cases, except the elevated fill configuration, increase pollutant concentrations on the roadway itself. For a roadside barrier with finite length, higher concentrations than those without a barrier are present in a small region near the edge of the barrier, influenced by complex flow in that region which we term "Edge Effects". The inclusion of multiple roadway features often result in lower downwind pollutant concentrations than those with single roadway features; however, adding features typically offers diminishing returns in concentration reduction. Generally, the effects on concentration, both beneficial and adverse will damp out within 15 multiples of the characteristic height, be it the barrier height or the elevation/depression height of the roadway. Thus, evaluating the trade-off between the air pollutant reductions near the ground and the air pollutant increases on the roadway and elevated above the ground will be important in designing a sustainable transportation system. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Steffens, Jonathan T.; Zhang, K. Max] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Heist, David K.; Perry, Steven G.; Isakov, Vlad] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Baldauf, Richard W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Baldauf, Richard W.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Zhang, KM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM kz33@cornell.edu FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research of DKH, SGP, VI and RWB described here. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 94 BP 74 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.015 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN1AY UT WOS:000340316300009 ER PT J AU Rumsey, IC Aneja, VP Lonneman, WA AF Rumsey, Ian C. Aneja, Viney P. Lonneman, William A. TI Characterizing reduced sulfur compounds emissions from a swine concentrated animal feeding operation SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Reduced sulfur compounds; Hydrogen sulfide; CAFO emissions; Swine ID HYDROGEN-SULFIDE EMISSIONS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FLAME IONIZATION DETECTOR; EASTERN NORTH-CAROLINA; ODOR; AMMONIA; QUANTIFICATION; PREDICTION; FACILITIES; HEALTH AB Reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs) emissions from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) have become a potential environmental and human health concern, as a result of changes in livestock production methods. RSC emissions were determined from a swine CAFO in North Carolina. RSC measurements were made over a period of approximate to 1 week from both the barn and lagoon during each of the four seasonal periods from June 2007 to April 2008. During sampling, meteorological and other environmental parameters were measured continuously. Seasonal hydrogen sulfide (H2S) barn concentrations ranged from 72 to 631 ppb. Seasonal dimethyl sulfide (DMS; CH3SCH3) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS; CH3S2CH3) concentrations were 2-3 orders of magnitude lower, ranging from 0.18 to 0.89 ppb and 0.47 to 1.02 ppb, respectively. The overall average barn emission rate was 3.3 g day(-1) AU(-1) (AU (animal unit) = 500 kg of live animal weight) for H2S, which was approximately two orders of magnitude higher than the DMS and DMDS overall average emissions rates, determined as 0.017 g day(-1) AU(-1) and 0.036 g day(-1) AU(-1), respectively. The overall average lagoon flux was 1.33 mu g m(-2) min(-1) for H2S, which was approximately an order of magnitude higher than the overall average DMS (0.12 mu g m(-2) min(-1)) and DMDS (0.09 mu g m(-2) min(-1)) lagoon fluxes. The overall average lagoon emission for H2S (0.038 g day(-1) AU(-1)) was also approximately an order of magnitude higher than the overall average DMS (0.0034 g day(-1) AU(-1)) and DMDS (0.0028 g day(-1) AU(-1)) emissions. H2S, DMS and DMDS have offensive odors and low odor thresholds. Over all four sampling seasons, 77% of 15 min averaged H2S barn concentrations were an order of magnitude above the average odor threshold. During these sampling periods, however, DMS and DMDS concentrations did not exceed their odor thresholds. The overall average barn and lagoon emissions from this study were used to help estimate barn, lagoon and total (barn + lagoon) RSC emissions from swine CAFOs in North Carolina. Total (barn + lagoon) H2S emissions from swine CAFOs in North Carolina were estimated to be 1.22*10(6) kg yr(-1). The barns had significantly higher H2S emissions than the lagoons, contributing approximate to 98% of total North Carolina H2S swine CAFO emissions. Total (barn + lagoon) emissions for DMS and DMDS were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower, with barns contributing approximate to 86% and approximate to 93% of total emissions, respectively. H2S swine CAFO emissions were estimated to contribute approximate to 18% of North Carolina H2S emissions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rumsey, Ian C.; Aneja, Viney P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lonneman, William A.] US EPA, Sr Environm Employment Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rumsey, IC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rumsey.ian@epa.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture [NRI 2003-055360] FX Financial support for this research was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture as part of contract NRI 2003-055360. We sincerely thank the farm owner for his cooperation. We would like to acknowledge Dr. Phillip Westerman, Dr. Joette Steger, Kristen James, and Mark Yirka for their assistance. We are also grateful to the late Bob Seila of the U.S. EPA for his assistance. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 94 BP 458 EP 466 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.041 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN1AY UT WOS:000340316300050 ER PT J AU Batterman, S Chambliss, S Isakov, V AF Batterman, Stuart Chambliss, Sarah Isakov, Vlad TI Spatial resolution requirements for traffic-related air pollutant exposure evaluations SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Exposure; Exposure misclassification; Traffic ID MODELS; HEALTH; DISPERSION; ROADWAY; GIS; PROXIMITY; DOWNWIND AB Vehicle emissions represent one of the most important air pollution sources in most urban areas, and elevated concentrations of pollutants found near major roads have been associated with many adverse health impacts. To understand these impacts, exposure estimates should reflect the spatial and temporal patterns observed for traffic-related air pollutants. This paper evaluates the spatial resolution and zonal systems required to estimate accurately intraurban and near-road exposures of traffic-related air pollutants. The analyses use the detailed information assembled for a large (800 km(2)) area centered on Detroit, Michigan, USA. Concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) due to vehicle emissions were estimated using hourly traffic volumes and speeds on 9700 links representing all but minor roads in the city, the MOVES2010 emission model, the RUNE dispersion model, local meteorological data, a temporal resolution of 1 h, and spatial resolution as low as 10 m. Model estimates were joined with the corresponding shape files to estimate residential exposures for 700,000 individuals at property parcel, census block, census tract, and ZIP code levels. We evaluate joining methods, the spatial resolution needed to meet specific error criteria, and the extent of exposure misclassification. To portray traffic-related air pollutant exposure, raster or inverse distance-weighted interpolations are superior to nearest neighbor approaches, and interpolations between receptors and points of interest should not exceed about 40 m near major roads, and 100 m at larger distances. For census tracts and ZIP codes, average exposures are overestimated since few individuals live very near major roads, the range of concentrations is compressed, most exposures are misclassified, and high concentrations near roads are entirely omitted. While smaller zones improve performance considerably, even block-level data can misclassify many individuals. To estimate exposures and impacts of traffic-related pollutants accurately, data should be geocoded or estimated at the most-resolved spatial level; census tract and larger zones have little if any ability to represent intraurban variation in traffic-related air pollutant concentrations. These results are based on one of the most comprehensive intraurban modeling studies in the literature and results are robust. Additional recommendations address the value of dispersion models to portray spatial and temporal variation of air pollutants in epidemiology and other studies; techniques to improve accuracy and reduce the computational burden in urban scale modeling; the necessary spatial resolution for health surveillance, demographic, and pollution data; and the consequences of low resolution data in terms of exposure misclassification. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Batterman, Stuart] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Chambliss, Sarah] Int Council Clean Transportat, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Isakov, Vlad] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Batterman, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Room 6075 SPH2,1420 Washington Hts, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM stuartb@umich.edu; 2sarah@theicct.org; Isakov.Vlad@epa.gov FU Graham Environmental Sustainability Institute; Office of Research and Development at the US Environmental Protection Agency [R834117]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [5R01 ESO14677-02, R01 ES016769-01]; "Lifestage exposures and adult disease" as did the Health Effects Institute [P30ES017885] FX Funding sources that supported this research included the Graham Environmental Sustainability Institute, the Office of Research and Development at the US Environmental Protection Agency under cooperative agreement R834117 (University of Michigan), and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) through grants 5R01 ESO14677-02 and R01 ES016769-01 for NEXUS. NIEHS provided additional support in grant P30ES017885 "Lifestage exposures and adult disease" as did the Health Effects Institute. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This article has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 94 BP 518 EP 528 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.065 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN1AY UT WOS:000340316300056 PM 25132794 ER PT J AU Hand, JL Schichtel, BA Malm, WC Copeland, S Molenar, JV Frank, N Pitchford, M AF Hand, J. L. Schichtel, B. A. Malm, W. C. Copeland, S. Molenar, J. V. Frank, N. Pitchford, M. TI Widespread reductions in haze across the United States from the early 1990s through 2011 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Haze; Visibility; Aerosol trends; Remote aerosols ID SIMULATION TECHNIQUES; PARTICULATE SULFATE; TRENDS; VISIBILITY; SOUTHEASTERN; EXTINCTION; AEROSOLS; CARBON; PM2.5 AB Visibility has improved significantly at many remote areas across the United States since the early 1990s. Trends in visibility were calculated using ambient light extinction coefficients (b(ext)) estimated from speciated particulate concentrations measured by the IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) network. The 20% haziest bext levels were computed for each year following Regional Haze Rule guidelines and aggregated over three major regions of the United States. Over the last two decades (1992-2011) the regional mean 20% haziest b(ext) dropped by 52% (-2.6% yr(-1), p < 0.01) in the eastern United States, and by 20% (-1.0% yr(-1), p = 0.08) for sites along the West Coast. However, in the Intermountain/Southwest region, the trend was insignificant (-0.2% yr(-1), p = 0.36). Over the last decade (2002-2011) the haziest bext in the Intermountain/Southwest region decreased by 15% (-1.5% yr(-1), p = 0.09), compared to a decrease of 35% (-3.5% yr(-1), p = 0.06) in the West Coast region and 50% (-5.0% yr(-1), p = 0.02) in the East. A novel aspect to this study is the visualization of trends through the simulation of images of national parks and other remote areas for early and current haziest conditions. These images are an effective means for communicating trends and illustrate the dramatic improvement in visibility, especially in the East, where reductions in sulfate concentrations and sulfur dioxide emissions have had a positive impact on visibility degradation. However, while conditions are clearer for regions in the West, less improvement points to the need for understanding the influences on the trends in haziest conditions in those regions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hand, J. L.; Malm, W. C.; Copeland, S.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schichtel, B. A.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Molenar, J. V.] Air Resource Specialists, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Frank, N.] US EPA, Air Qual Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Pitchford, M.] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Hand, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jlhand@colostate.edu FU National Park Service [H2370094000] FX This work was funded by the National Park Service under contract H2370094000. The assumptions, findings, conclusions, judgments, and views presented herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the National Park Service policies. We thank Jim Renfro at Great Smoky Mountains National Park for useful discussions. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 55 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 94 BP 671 EP 679 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.062 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN1AY UT WOS:000340316300071 ER PT J AU Wickham, J Wade, TG Riitters, KH AF Wickham, J. Wade, T. G. Riitters, K. H. TI An isoline separating relatively warm from relatively cool wintertime forest surface temperatures for the southeastern United States SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Afforestation; Albedo; Climate mitigation; MODIS; NLCD; Reforestation ID LAND-USE; SCALE DEFORESTATION; BOREAL FOREST; CLIMATE; SNOWMELT; CANOPY; IMPACT; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ALGORITHM; RADIATION AB Forest-oriented climate mitigation policies promote forestation as a means to increase uptake of atmospheric carbon to counteract global warming. Some have pointed out that a carbon-centric forest policy may be overstated because it discounts biophysical aspects of the influence of forests on climate. In extra-tropical regions, many climate models have shown that forests tend to be warmer than grasslands and croplands because forest albedos tend to be lower than non-forest albedos. A lower forest albedo results in higher absorption of solar radiation and increased sensible warming that is not offset by the cooling effects of carbon uptake in extra-tropical regions. However, comparison of forest warming potential in the context of climate models is based on a coarse classification system of tropical, temperate, and boreal. There is considerable variation in climate within the broad latitudinal zonation of tropical, temperate, and boreal, and the relationship between biophysical (albedo) and biogeochemical (carbon uptake) mechanisms may not be constant within these broad zones. We compared wintertime forest and non-forest surface temperatures for the southeastern United States and found that forest surface temperatures shifted from being warmer than non-forest surface temperatures north of approximately 36 degrees N to cooler south of 36 degrees N. Our results suggest that the biophysical aspects of forests' influence on climate reinforce the biogeochemical aspects of forests' influence on climate south of 36 degrees N. South of 36 degrees N, both biophysical and biogeochemical properties of forests appear to support forestation as a climate mitigation policy. We also provide some quantitative evidence that evergreen forests tend to have cooler wintertime surface temperatures than deciduous forests that may be attributable to greater evapotranspiration rates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wickham, J.; Wade, T. G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Riitters, K. H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wickham, J (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, MD E243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27701 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of US EPA. We thank Megan Mehaffey (US EPA) and X anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of the paper. We also thank Y. Shuai and C. Schaaf for providing the Landsat-based albedo data and for their insights on various aspects of albedo. The mention of trade names should not be interpreted as an endorsement or recommendation of use. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 EI 1872-6364 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD SEP PY 2014 VL 120 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.05.012 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AM9SS UT WOS:000340221900005 ER PT J AU Moya, J Phillips, L Sanford, J Wooton, M Gregg, A Schuda, L AF Moya, Jacqueline Phillips, Linda Sanford, Jessica Wooton, Maureen Gregg, Anne Schuda, Laurie TI A review of physiological and behavioral changes during pregnancy and lactation: Potential exposure factors and data gaps SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE dietary exposure; inhalation exposure; personal exposure ID NEW-YORK-CITY; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; MATERNAL WEIGHT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; FISH CONSUMPTION; GESTATIONAL-AGE; TOTAL WATER; LEAD LEVELS; HUMAN-MILK AB Exposures to environmental contaminants can pose risks to pregnant women's health, their developing fetuses, children, and adults later in their lives. Assessing risks to this potentially susceptible population requires a sound understanding of the physiological and behavioral changes that occur during pregnancy and lactation. Many physiological and anatomical changes occur in a woman's organ systems during the course of pregnancy and lactation. For example, blood volume and cardiac output increase during pregnancy, and other metabolic functions are altered to provide for the demands of the fetus. During lactation, nutritional demands are greater than during pregnancy. There are also changes in behavior during both pregnancy and lactation. For example, water consumption during pregnancy and lactation increases. These behavioral and physiological changes can lead to different environmental exposures than these women might otherwise experience in the absence of pregnancy or lactation. This paper provides a summary of information from the published literature related to behavioral and physiological changes in pregnant and lactating women that may affect their exposure or susceptibility to environmental contaminants, provides potentially useful exposure factor data for this population of women, and highlights data gaps. C1 [Moya, Jacqueline; Phillips, Linda; Schuda, Laurie] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Sanford, Jessica; Wooton, Maureen; Gregg, Anne] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Moya, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Mailcode 8623P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM moya.jacqueline@epa.gov NR 76 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 24 IS 5 BP 449 EP 458 DI 10.1038/jes.2013.92 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AN1AX UT WOS:000340316200001 PM 24424408 ER PT J AU Warren, JL Luben, TJ Sanders, AP Brownstein, NC Herring, AH Meyer, RE AF Warren, Joshua L. Luben, Thomas J. Sanders, Alison P. Brownstein, Naomi C. Herring, Amy H. Meyer, Robert E. TI An evaluation of metrics for assessing maternal exposure to agricultural pesticides SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; personal exposure; pesticides ID CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; INFORMATION-SYSTEM; BIRTH-DEFECTS; FETAL-DEATH; HYPOSPADIAS; ARKANSAS; RISK AB We evaluate the use of three different exposure metrics to estimate maternal agricultural pesticide exposure during pregnancy. Using a geographic information system-based method of pesticide exposure estimation, we combine data on crop density and specific pesticide application amounts/dates to create the three exposure metrics. For illustration purposes, we create each metric for a North Carolina cohort of pregnant women, 2003-2005, and analyze the risk of congenital anomaly development with a focus on metric comparisons. Based on the results, and the need to balance data collection efforts/computational efficiency with accuracy, the metric which estimates total chemical exposure using application dates based on crop-specific earliest planting and latest harvesting information is preferred. Benefits and drawbacks of each metric are discussed and recommendations for extending the analysis to other states are provided. C1 [Warren, Joshua L.; Brownstein, Naomi C.; Herring, Amy H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Luben, Thomas J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sanders, Alison P.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Meyer, Robert E.] State Ctr Hlth Stat, North Carolina Div Publ Hlth, Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Warren, JL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, 3101 McGavran Greenberg,CB 7420, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM joshuawa@email.unc.edu OI Brownstein, Naomi/0000-0002-9991-427X; Sanders, Alison/0000-0001-8252-4016 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [T32ES007018, P30ES010126] FX We thank Andrew Olshan, Professor of Epidemiology and Department Chair at UNC Chapel Hill, Kristy J. Michie, Supervising Public Health Epidemiologist at the Monterey County Health Department, and Leon S. Warren Jr., Agricultural Research Associate in the North Carolina State University Department of Crop Science for providing helpful input regarding the metric creation process and general pesticide/crop timing information. This research was supported in part by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (T32ES007018, P30ES010126). NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 24 IS 5 BP 497 EP 503 DI 10.1038/jes.2013.75 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AN1AX UT WOS:000340316200007 PM 24149974 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, RS Ingwersen, W Trucco, C Ries, R Campbell, D AF Srinivasan, Ravi S. Ingwersen, Wesley Trucco, Christian Ries, Robert Campbell, Daniel TI Comparison of energy-based indicators used in life cycle assessment tools for buildings SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE EIO-LCA; ATHENA (R) Impact Estimator; Eco-LCA; Emergy; Life cycle assessment tools; Environmental building design ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; THERMODYNAMIC FRAMEWORK; EMERGY; CONSTRUCTION; SYSTEMS; SUSTAINABILITY; EMISSIONS; MODEL; GAS AB Traditionally, building rating systems focused on, among others, energy used during operational stage. Recently, there is a strong push by these rating systems to include the life cycle energy use of buildings, particularly using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), by offering credits that can be used to achieve higher certification levels. As LCA-based tools are evolving to meet this growing demand, it is important to include methods that also quantify the impact of energy being used by ecosystems that indirectly contribute to building life cycle energy use. Using a case-study building, this paper provides an up-to-date comparison of energy-based indicators in tools for building assessment, including those that report both conventional life cycle energy and those that also include a wider systems boundary that captures energy use even further upstream. This paper applies two existing LCA tools, namely, an economic input output based model, Economic Input Output LCA, and a process-based model, ATHENA (R) Impact Estimator, to estimate life cycle energy use in an example building. In order to extend the assessment to address energy use further upstream, this paper also tests the Ecologically based LCA tool and an application of the emergy methodology. All of these tools are applied to the full service life of the building, i.e., all stages, namely, raw material formation, product, construction, use, and end-of-life; and their results are compared. Besides contrasting the use of energy-based indicators in building life cycle tools, this paper uncovered major challenges that confront stakeholders in evaluating the built environments using LCA and similar approaches. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Srinivasan, Ravi S.; Trucco, Christian; Ries, Robert] Univ Florida, ME Rinker Sr Sch Construct Management, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ingwersen, Wesley] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Campbell, Daniel] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Srinivasan, RS (reprint author), Univ Florida, ME Rinker Sr Sch Construct Management, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM sravi@ufl.edu OI Ingwersen, Wesley/0000-0002-9614-701X FU EPA FX Although EPA contributed to this article, the research presented was not performed by or funded by EPA and was not subject to EPA's quality system requirements. Consequently, the views, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect or represent EPA's views or policies. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 EI 1873-684X J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 79 BP 138 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.05.006 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AM2QS UT WOS:000339696500013 ER PT J AU Lombi, E Donner, E Scheckel, KG Sekine, R Lorenz, C Von Goetz, N Nowack, B AF Lombi, Enzo Donner, Erica Scheckel, Kirk G. Sekine, Ryo Lorenz, Christiane Von Goetz, Natalie Nowack, Bernd TI Silver speciation and release in commercial antimicrobial textiles as influenced by washing SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Silver nanoparticles; Textiles; Washing; Speciation ID ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; NANOPARTICLES; EXPOSURE; IFEFFIT; FABRICS AB The use of nanoscale Ag in textiles is one the most often mentioned uses of nano-Ag. It has previously been shown that significant amounts of the Ag in the textiles are released upon washing. However, the form of Ag present in the textiles remains largely unknown as product labelling is insufficient. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the solid phase speciation of Ag in original and washed silver textiles using XANES. The original Ag speciation in the textiles was found to vary greatly between different materials with Ag(0), AgCI, Ag2S, Ag-phosphate, ionic Ag and other species identified. Furthermore, within the same textile a number of different species were found to coexist. This is likely due to a combination of factors such as the synthesis processes at industrial scale and the possible reaction of Ag with atmospheric gases. Washing with two different detergents resulted in marked changes in Ag-speciation. For some textiles the two detergents induced similar transformation, in other textiles they resulted in very different Ag species. This study demonstrates that in functional Ag textiles a variety of different Ag species coexist before and after washing. These results have important implications for the risk assessment of Ag textiles because they show that the metallic Ag is only one of the many silver species that need to be considered. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lombi, Enzo; Donner, Erica; Sekine, Ryo] Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. [Donner, Erica] CRC CARE, Salisbury, SA 5106, Australia. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [Lorenz, Christiane; Nowack, Bernd] Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Technol & Soc Lab, CH-9014 St Gallen, Switzerland. [Lorenz, Christiane; Von Goetz, Natalie] ETH, Inst Chem & Bioengn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Lombi, E (reprint author), Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Bldg 10,Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. EM enzo.lombi@unisa.edu.au RI Donner, Erica/A-4809-2012; Sekine, Ryo/F-3721-2013; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Nowack, Bernd/B-6425-2008; Lombi, Enzo/F-3860-2013; OI Donner, Erica/0000-0001-6465-2233; Sekine, Ryo/0000-0001-9980-0603; Nowack, Bernd/0000-0002-5676-112X; Lombi, Enzo/0000-0003-3384-0375; Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 FU Australian Research Council [FT100100337, FT130101003, DP120101115]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX E.L. and E.D. are recipients of Australian Research Council Future Fellowships (FT100100337 and FT130101003). The funding support from the Australian Research Council is also acknowledged in relation to Discovery Project DP120101115. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed a portion of the research described here. It has not been subject to Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. No official endorsement should be inferred. MRCAT operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT member institutions. Part of this research was undertaken using the XAS Beamline at the Australian Synchrotron, Victoria, Australia. NR 29 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 70 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD SEP PY 2014 VL 111 BP 352 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.116 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM1JG UT WOS:000339601600048 PM 24997939 ER PT J AU Ruckerl, R Hampel, R Breitner, S Cyrys, J Kraus, U Carter, J Dailey, L Devlin, RB Diaz-Sanchez, D Koenig, W Phipps, R Silbajoris, R Soentgen, J Soukup, J Peters, A Schneider, A AF Rueckerl, Regina Hampel, Regina Breitner, Susanne Cyrys, Josef Kraus, Ute Carter, Jackie Dailey, Lisa Devlin, Robert B. Diaz-Sanchez, David Koenig, Wolfgang Phipps, Richard Silbajoris, Robert Soentgen, Jens Soukup, Joleen Peters, Annette Schneider, Alexandra TI Associations between ambient air pollution and blood markers of inflammation and coagulation/fibrinolysis in susceptible populations SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Inflammation; Diabetes; CRP; GSTM1; Coagulation ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION SURVIVORS; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; PARTICULATE MATTER; SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION; PARTICLE NUMBER; DIABETIC INDIVIDUALS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; URBAN AIR AB The pathophysiological pathways linking particulate air pollution to cardiovascular disease are still not fully understood. We examined the association between ambient air pollutants and blood markers of inflammation and coagulation/fibrinolysis in three potentially susceptible populations. Three panels of non-smoking individuals were examined between 3/2007 and 12/2008: 1) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D, n = 83), 2) with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n = 104), and 3) with a potential genetic predisposition which could affect detoxifying and inflammatory pathways (n = 87) defined by the null polymorphism for glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) in combination with a certain single nucleotide polymorphism on the C-reactive protein (CRP) or the fibrinogen gene. Study participants had blood drawn up to seven times every four to six weeks. In total, 1765 blood samples were analysed for CRP, interleukin (IL)-6, soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), fibrinogen, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Hourly mean values of particulate air pollutants, particle number concentrations in different size ranges and gaseous pollutants were collected at fixed monitoring sites and individual 24 hour averages calculated. Associations between air pollutants and blood markers were analysed for each panel separately and taking the T2D panel and the IGT panel together, using additive mixed models adjusted for long-term time trend and meteorology. For the panel with potential genetic susceptibility, CRP and MPO increased for most lags, especially with the 5-day average exposure (% change of geometric mean and 95% confidence interval: 22.9% [12.0;34.7] for CRP and 5.0% [0.3;9.9] for MPO per interquartile range of PM2.5). Small positive associations were seen for fibrinogen while sCD40L, PAI-1 and IL-6 mostly decreased in association with air pollution concentrations. Except for positive associations for fibrinogen we did not see significant results with the two other panels. Participants with potential genetic susceptibility showed a clear association between inflammatory blood biomarkers and ambient air pollutants. Our results support the hypothesis that air pollution increases systemic inflammation especially in susceptible populations which may aggravate atherosclerotic diseases and induce multi-organ damage. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rueckerl, Regina; Cyrys, Josef; Soentgen, Jens] Univ Augsburg, ESC, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. [Rueckerl, Regina; Hampel, Regina; Breitner, Susanne; Cyrys, Josef; Kraus, Ute; Peters, Annette; Schneider, Alexandra] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Epidemiol 2, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Carter, Jackie; Dailey, Lisa; Devlin, Robert B.; Diaz-Sanchez, David; Silbajoris, Robert; Soukup, Joleen] Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Koenig, Wolfgang] Univ Ulm, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med Cardiol 2, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. [Phipps, Richard] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Lung Biol & Dis Program, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Peters, Annette] German Ctr Diabet Res DZD eV, Neuherberg, Germany. RP Ruckerl, R (reprint author), Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Epidemiol 2, Ingolstadter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. EM regina.pithord@helmholtz-muenchen.de; regina.hampel@helmholtz-muenchen.de; susanne.breitner@helmholtz-muenchen.de; cyrys@helmholtz-muenchen.de; ute.kraus@helmholtz-muenchen.de; carterjacIde@epamail.epa.gov; dailey.lisa@epamail.epa.gov; devlin.robert@epamail.epa.gov; diaz-sanchez.david@epamail.epa.gov; wolfgang.koenig@uniklinik-ulm.de; Richard_Phipps@URMGRochester.edu; silbajoris.robert@epamail.epa.gov; soentgen@wzu.uni-augsburg.de; soukupjoleen@epamail.epa.gov; peters@helmholtz-muenchen.de; alexandra.schneider@helmholtz-muenchen.de RI Breitner, Susanne/B-5348-2014; Peters, Annette/A-6117-2011; Schneider, Alexandra/B-5347-2014; OI Breitner, Susanne/0000-0002-0956-6911; Cyrys, Josef/0000-0002-2105-8696 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through STAR (Science to Achieve Results) [RD 832415]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Centre for Environmental Health - German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; State of Bavaria; NIEHS [ES01247]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [RU1453/2-1] FX This research has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through STAR (Science to Achieve Results) grant RD 832415 to the University of Rochester. However, the views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the US EPA and no official endorsement should be inferred. This study was supported in part by a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) to the German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.). The KORA research platform (KORA, Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) and the MONICA Augsburg studies were initiated and financed by the Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Centre for Environmental Health (formerly GSF, National Research Centre for Environment and Health), which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and by the State of Bavaria. RP's work was funded in part by the NIEHS grant ES01247. RR's work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, grant number RU1453/2-1). NR 74 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 70 BP 32 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.013 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM2PL UT WOS:000339693200005 PM 24907704 ER PT J AU Lin, YS Ginsberg, G Caffrey, JL Xue, JP Vulimiri, SV Nath, RG Sonawane, B AF Lin, Yu-Sheng Ginsberg, Gary Caffrey, James L. Xue, Jianping Vulimiri, Suryanarayana V. Nath, Raghu G. Sonawane, Babasaheb TI Association of body burden of mercury with liver function test status in the US population SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Liver; Mercury; Methyl mercury; Blood; Urine; Toxicokinetics ID GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-TRANSPEPTIDASE; METHYL MERCURY; INORGANIC MERCURY; UNITED-STATES; METHYLMERCURY; GLUTATHIONE; EXPOSURE; BILIARY; DISEASE; SERUM AB The majority of mercury (Hg) exposure in the US population is from consumption of fish contaminated with methylmercury (MeHg). Since inorganic Hg is the predominant form excreted in the feces and urine, hepatic biotransformation is a critical step in its normal clearance. This study was set to test the hypothesis that compromised liver function is associated with body burden of Hg as indirectly reflected by Hg sampled in blood and urine. From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003-2008), 3769 adults aged 20 years and above were selected for analysis. Hepatic function was inferred from the three standard serum liver-related enzyme activities, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Multivariate regression models were used to examine the associations of interest. Although urinary Hg was significantly correlated with serum Hg, the blood-urinary Hg relationship was influenced by liver function, which is also a function of demographic and lifestyle factors (e.g., gender). Although the results were only marginally significant for examined enzymes (p = 0.06-0.08), urinary Hg tended to be lower among subjects with elevated liver enzymes, as compared to those with normal enzyme measurements. Conversely, MeHg generally represents a higher fraction of the total circulating Hg among those with elevated liver enzyme levels, especially among participants with elevations in all three enzymes (p = 0.01). In conclusion, this population-based study identified an association between liver function, serum Hg and urinary Hg. Urinalysis may not be the optimal approach to monitor Hg elimination toxicokinetics or Hg exposure, since the majority of Hg excretion is fecal and the fidelity of urinary excretion may depend on healthy liver function. Future prospective studies are warranted to expand these findings. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lin, Yu-Sheng; Vulimiri, Suryanarayana V.; Nath, Raghu G.; Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Ginsberg, Gary] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. [Caffrey, James L.] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Integrat Physiol, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. [Caffrey, James L.] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Cardiovasc Res Inst, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. [Xue, Jianping] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lin, YS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Lin.Yu-Sheng@epa.gov OI Vulimiri, Suryanarayana/0000-0003-3734-0036 NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 70 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.010 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM2PL UT WOS:000339693200009 PM 24908642 ER PT J AU Bade, LM Balakrishnan, CN Pilgrim, EM McRae, SB Luczkovich, JJ AF Bade, Lyndell M. Balakrishnan, Christopher N. Pilgrim, Erik M. McRae, Susan B. Luczkovich, Joseph J. TI A genetic technique to identify the diet of cownose rays, Rhinoptera bonasus: analysis of shellfish prey items from North Carolina and Virginia SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Elasmobranch; Diet; Feeding ecology; Molecular techniques; COI ID LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY; DNA; PREDATION; BEHAVIOR; HABITAT; SYSTEM AB Cownose rays are implicated in the consumption of commercially important shellfish on the U.S. East Coast. We tested this assumption by developing a molecular technique for species identification from cownose ray gut contents. Digestive tracts sampled from 33 rays in Pamlico Sound, NC and Chesapeake Bay, VA contained pieces of partially-digested tissue, well-digested tissue, fluid, and minute shell fragments which made visual identification to the species level nearly impossible. We sequenced the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) for seven locally acquired bivalve species, chosen for their commercial and ecological importance in NC and VA. Sequences were used to design species-specific primers for each bivalve species to amplify polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. We designed primers such that PCR products were sufficiently different in size to be distinguishable from one another when resolved on an agarose gel, and multiplexing of several species in one reaction was possible. Digestive tract sample testing revealed that cownose rays in Chesapeake Bay ate stout tagelus and soft shell clams. There was no evidence of the rays in the study consuming commercially important oysters, hard clams, and bay scallops. Further sampling over an extended period of time and additional locations is required to confirm these results. Our diagnostic tests could easily be expanded to elucidate the impact of cownose ray predation on prey populations. C1 [Bade, Lyndell M.; Balakrishnan, Christopher N.; McRae, Susan B.; Luczkovich, Joseph J.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Pilgrim, Erik M.] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Bade, Lyndell M.] Bates Coll, Dept Biol, Lewiston, ME 04240 USA. [Bade, Lyndell M.] Bates Coll, Dept Chem, Lewiston, ME 04240 USA. RP Bade, LM (reprint author), Bates Coll, Dept Biol, Lewiston, ME 04240 USA. EM lyndell.bade@alumni.ecu.edu RI Balakrishnan, Christopher/A-3043-2014 OI Balakrishnan, Christopher/0000-0002-0788-0659 FU Institute for Coastal Science and Policy; Department of Biology at East Carolina University; American Elasmobranch Society; Save Our Seas Foundation; ECU-American Fisheries Society FX The authors wish to acknowledge the Institute for Coastal Science and Policy and the Department of Biology at East Carolina University for logistics and financial support. Animal collection and handling procedures were approved by the East Carolina University Animal Use and Care Committee, Animal Use Protocol #D268. The American Elasmobranch Society, Save Our Seas Foundation, and the ECU-American Fisheries Society subunit contributed symposium, publication, travel, and student funding support. We are grateful for the help of Robert Fisher, Joseph Smith, R. Dean Grubbs, John Morrissey, Denise Mayer, Captain George Beckwith, Jason Rock, NCDMF, Lena Keller, Shona Paterson, and for the generosity of numerous friends and colleagues who helped with shellfish collection and cownose ray sampling. The authors wish to thank Matthew Ajemian and Julie A. Neer, symposium organizers and special issue editors, for their contributions and guidance. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Agency. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD SEP PY 2014 VL 97 IS 9 SI SI BP 999 EP 1012 DI 10.1007/s10641-014-0290-3 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AM4CH UT WOS:000339799100004 ER PT J AU Yuan, LL Pollard, AI Pather, S Oliver, JL D'Anglada, L AF Yuan, Lester L. Pollard, Amina I. Pather, Santhiska Oliver, Jacques L. D'Anglada, Lesley TI Managing microcystin: identifying national-scale thresholds for total nitrogen and chlorophyll a SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll a; cyanotoxins; LASSO regression; microcystin; nutrients ID CYANOBACTERIA DOMINANCE; CANADIAN LAKES; FINNISH LAKES; FRESH-WATER; AERUGINOSA; GROWTH; DYNAMICS; LASSO; EUTROPHICATION; PHYTOPLANKTON AB 1. The occurrence of high cyanotoxin concentrations can severely impair the use of a waterbody for drinking water and recreational purposes. Cyanotoxins are likely to occur under specific environmental conditions, and so identifying these conditions can facilitate management of the waterbody to reduce the likelihood of high cyanotoxin concentrations. 2. We analysed data collected from lakes across the contiguous United States to identify environmental variables that are strongly associated with occurrence of high concentrations of a common cyanotoxin, microcystin (MC). 3. Since many different environmental variables covary and are associated with high MC, we used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to identify a few variables that provided accurate predictions of high MC (>= 1 mu g L-1). 4. Our analysis indicated that total nitrogen (TN) and chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations yielded a parsimonious model that accurately predicted the occurrence of high MC. Based on this model, we identified management thresholds for TN and chl a that would maintain the probability of high MC at or below 10 and 5%. C1 [Yuan, Lester L.; Pather, Santhiska; Oliver, Jacques L.; D'Anglada, Lesley] US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Pollard, Amina I.] US EPA, Off Wetlands Oceans & Watersheds, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Yuan, LL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM yuan.lester@epa.gov NR 60 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 59 IS 9 BP 1970 EP 1981 DI 10.1111/fwb.12400 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL9SG UT WOS:000339480500016 ER PT J AU Chai, M Tu, QS Lu, MM Yang, YJ AF Chai, Ming Tu, Qingshi Lu, Mingming Yang, Y. Jeffrey TI Esterification pretreatment of free fatty acid in biodiesel production, from laboratory to industry SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acid-catalyzed esterification; Biodiesel; Used cooking oil; Free fatty acid; Methanol to FFA ratio; Optimization ID WASTE COOKING OIL; RUBBER SEED OIL; CRUDE PALM OIL; JATROPHA-CURCAS; OPTIMIZATION; CATALYST; KINETICS; WATER; FUEL; FFA AB In the US, biodiesel producers usually follow the 19.8:1 methanol-to-FFA molar ratio for free fatty acid (FFA) esterification, as suggested by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) without optimization studies. In this paper, both laboratory studies and industrial practices of the esterification process were compared, and an optimization study of a used vegetable oil with 5% FFA was conducted. The optimal conditions of this oil, i.e., methanol-to-FFA molar ratio of 40:1, and sulfuric acid usage of 10%, fell out of the suggested range of 19.8:1. The activation energy of the esterification reaction is 20.7 kJ/mol at the optimized condition and 45.9 kJ/mol at the 19.8:1 methanol to FFA ratio. It was found that the 19.8:1 methanol-to-FFA molar ratio worked well only within the FFA range of 15-25% while the suggested 5% sulfuric acid worked well only within the FFA range of 15-35%. Outside these ranges, especially at FFA levels less than 15%, optimization study is necessary. Regression models of methanol and acid dosing have been utilized in two industrial scale biodiesel producing facilities and have successfully reduced the FFA level to less than 0.5%. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chai, Ming] Greenleaf Biofuels, New Haven, CT 06512 USA. [Tu, Qingshi; Lu, Mingming] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Yang, Y. Jeffrey] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Lu, MM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, POB 210012, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM LUMG@ucmail.uc.edu FU RET (Research Experiences for Teachers) program of the National Science Foundation [EEC 0808696, EEC 1004623]; National Risk Management Research Laboratory; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors acknowledge the financial supports from the RET (Research Experiences for Teachers) program of the National Science Foundation (EEC 0808696, EEC 1004623) and the National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden is acknowledged for providing the used cooking oil. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 8 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 EI 1873-7188 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 125 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.03.025 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AJ7KT UT WOS:000337876300013 ER PT J AU Wahman, DG Speitel, GE Machavaram, MV AF Wahman, David G. Speitel, Gerald E., Jr. Machavaram, Madhav V. TI A proposed abiotic reaction scheme for hydroxylamine and monochloramine under chloramination relevant drinking water conditions SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hydroxylamine; Monochloramine; Drinking water; Nitrification; N-15; Isotopes ID MONOAZIDE QUANTITATIVE PCR; LIVE/DEAD BACLIGHT METHODS; NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; NITRIC-OXIDE; DISINFECTION KINETICS; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; OXIDATION; DECOMPOSITION; AUTOXIDATION; AMMONIA AB Drinking water monochloramine (NH2Cl) use may promote ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). AOB use (i) ammonia monooxygenase for biological ammonia (NH3) oxidation to hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and (ii) hydroxylamine oxidoreductase for NH2OH oxidation to nitrite. NH2Cl and NH2OH may react, providing AOB potential benefits and detriments. The NH2Cl/NH2OH reaction would benefit AOB by removing the disinfectant (NH2Cl) and releasing their growth substrate (NH3), but the NH2Cl/NH2OH reaction would also provide a possible additional inactivation mechanism besides direct NH2Cl reaction with cells. Because biological NH2OH oxidation supplies the electrons required for biological NH3 oxidation, the NH2Cl/NH2OH reaction provides a direct mechanism for NH2Cl to inhibit NH3 oxidation, starving the cell of reductant by preventing biological NH2OH oxidation. To investigate possible NH2Cl/NH2OH reaction implications on AOB, an understanding of the underlying abiotic reaction is first required. The present study conducted a detailed literature review and proposed an abiotic NH2Cl/NH2OH reaction scheme (RS) for chloramination relevant drinking water conditions (mu M concentrations, air saturation, and pH 7-9). Next, RS literature based kinetics and end-products were evaluated experimentally between pHs 7.7 and 8.3, representing (i) the pH range for future experiments with AOB and (ii) mid-range pHs typically found in chloraminated drinking water. In addition, a N-15 stable isotope experiment was conducted to verify nitrous oxide and nitrogen gas production and their nitrogen source. Finally, the RS was slightly refined using the experimental data and an AQUASIM implemented kinetic model. A chloraminated drinking water relevant RS is proposed and provides the abiotic reaction foundation for future AOB biotic experiments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wahman, David G.] United States Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Speitel, Gerald E., Jr.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Machavaram, Madhav V.] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Wahman, DG (reprint author), United States Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wahman.david@epa.gov NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 60 BP 218 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2014.04.051 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AJ7FC UT WOS:000337861600020 PM 24862953 ER PT J AU Verkerke, JL Williams, DJ Thoma, E AF Verkerke, Joshua L. Williams, David J. Thoma, Eben TI Remote sensing of CO2 leakage from geologic sequestration projects SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION LA English DT Review DE Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS); Geologic sequestration; Climate change; Remote sensing ID DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDAR; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; STORAGE PROJECTS; GAS ANALYZERS; SURFACE; SEEPAGE; PLANT; INTERFEROMETRY; BOZEMAN AB Monitoring for leak hazards is an important consideration in the deployment of carbon dioxide geologic sequestration. Failure to detect and correct leaks may invalidate any potential emissions benefits intended by such projects. Presented is a review of remote sensing methods primed to serve a central role in any monitoring program due to their minimally invasive nature and potential for large area coverage in a limited timeframe or in real-time as a continuous monitoring program. Methods investigated were divided into those capable of indirect detection of carbon dioxide leakage, such as monitoring for vegetative stress and ground surface deformation, and those that directly detect gaseous and atmospheric compounds, by means of such tools as Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared or Tunable Diode Lasers. Both direct and indirect methods present viable means of detecting a leak event, though ultimately, a robust approach will incorporate multiple monitoring tools that may include both direct and indirect remote sensing methods. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Verkerke, Joshua L.; Williams, David J.] US EPA, Landscape Characterizat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Thoma, Eben] US EPA, Emiss Characterizat & Prevent Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Verkerke, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Landscape Characterizat Branch, MC E243-05,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Verkerke.Joshua@EPA.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors thank the US Environmental Protection Agency for funding this work, and the reviewers for their comments and expertise. NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-2434 J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 31 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jag.2014.03.008 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AI2PQ UT WOS:000336700900007 ER PT J AU Rosenzweig, S Sorial, GA Sahle-Demessie, E McAvoy, DC AF Rosenzweig, Shirley Sorial, George A. Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew McAvoy, Drew C. TI Optimizing the physical-chemical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) on Cu(II) adsorption SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Adsorption; Carbon nanotubes; Copper; Graphene; pHpzc, Surface modeling ID ACID; IONS AB Systematic experiments of copper adsorption on 10 different commercially available nanomaterials were studied for the influence of physical-chemical properties and their interactions. Design of experiment and response surface methodology was used to develop a polynomial model to predict maximum copper adsorption (initial concentration, C-o =10 mg/L) per mass of nanomaterial, q(e), using multivariable regression and maximum R-square criterion. The best subsets of properties to predict qe in order of significant contribution to the model were: bulk density, ID, mesopore volume, tube length, pore size, zeta-charge, specific surface area and OD. The highest experimental qe observed was for an alcohol-functionalized MWCNT (16.7 mg/g) with relative high bulk density (0.48 g/cm(3)), ID (2-5 nm), 10-30 mu m long and OD < 8 nm. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) showed poor adsorptive capacity associated to stacked-nanoplatelets, but good colloidal stability due to high functionalized surface. Good adsorption results for pristine SWCNT indicated that tubes with small diameter were more associated with good adsorption than functionalized surface. XPS and ICP analysis explored surface chemistry and purity, but pHpzc and zeta-charge were ultimately applied to indicate the degree of functionalization. Optimum CNT were identified in the scatter plot, but actual manufacturing processes introduced size and shape variations which interfered with final property results. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rosenzweig, Shirley; Sorial, George A.; McAvoy, Drew C.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Biomed Chem & Environm Engn BCEE, Environm Engn Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew] US Environm Protect Agcy, NRMRL, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sorial, GA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Biomed Chem & Environm Engn BCEE, Environm Engn Program, POB 210012, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM george.sorial@uc.edu FU U.S. EPA [PRC108- 1170] FX The authors want to thank Stephen Harmon and Christina Bennett-Stamper for their work on SEM/EDS and TEM. We also would acknowledge Debby Roose for running the analysis in the ICP-AES. Special thanks to Liang Yan, for the BET analysis. This study was supported by U.S. EPA under contract No. PRC108- 1170. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 EI 1873-3336 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD AUG 30 PY 2014 VL 279 BP 410 EP 417 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.015 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR2CB UT WOS:000343390100050 PM 25103452 ER PT J AU Cutler, WG El-Kadi, A Hue, NV Peard, J Scheckel, K Ray, C AF Cutler, William G. El-Kadi, Aly Hue, Nguyen V. Peard, John Scheckel, Kirk Ray, Chittaranjan TI Iron amendments to reduce bioaccessible arsenic SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Bioaccessibility; Remediation; Iron amendments; Hawaii ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY; ADSORPTION; PHOSPHATE; LEAD; STABILIZATION; REMEDIATION; MOLYBDATE; MINERALS; OXIDES AB Former sugarcane lands on the Island of Hawaii have elevated levels of soil arsenic (As) from historical use of arsenical pesticides. The bioaccessible fraction of total As (As-TOT), a measure of the potential for human As uptake by incidental ingestion of soil, is used in the assessment of human health risk and the determination of the need for remedial action. Ferric chloride plus lime and ferrous sulfate plus lime were applied to As-contaminated soils in a field plot setting to determine the potential for reducing in vitro bioaccessible As (As-IVBA) by increasing As sequestration by the formation of additional iron (Fe) oxyhydroxides. The two Fe sources performed similarly in reducing As-IVBA over a 2-year observation period, with 30-41% reduction in As-IVBA for 0.25 wt% Fe dosing (dry soil basis) and 59-63% reduction for 0.5 wt% Fe dosing. Addition of phosphate (PO4) to treated and untreated soils caused a significant increase in As-IVBA. Iron-treated and control soils showed more than twice the As-IVBA after the addition of 1500 mg P kg(-1). The cost of in situ treatment of As-contaminated soil with ferrous sulfate plus lime to lower AS(IVBA) was estimated to be an order of magnitude less than excavation and landfill disposal on the Island of Hawaii, making the technology a viable alternative when remedial action objectives were based on As-IVBA levels. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cutler, William G.; El-Kadi, Aly] Integral Consulting Inc, Louisville, CO 80027 USA. [Cutler, William G.; El-Kadi, Aly] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hue, Nguyen V.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Peard, John] Hawaii Dept Hlth, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Scheckel, Kirk] US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [Ray, Chittaranjan] Univ Nebraska, Robert B Daugherty Water Food Inst, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Cutler, WG (reprint author), Integral Consulting Inc, 285 Century Pl,Suite 190, Louisville, CO 80027 USA. EM wcutler@integral-corp.com; elkadi@hawaii.edu; nvhue@hawaii.edu; john.peard@doh.hawaii.gov; scheckel.kirk@epa.gov; cray@nebraska.edu OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 EI 1873-3336 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD AUG 30 PY 2014 VL 279 BP 554 EP 561 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.043 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR2CB UT WOS:000343390100066 PM 25113516 ER PT J AU Jalava, K Rintala, H Ollgren, J Maunula, L Gomez-Alvarez, V Revez, J Palander, M Antikainen, J Kauppinen, A Rasanen, P Siponen, S Nyholm, O Kyyhkynen, A Hakkarainen, S Merentie, J Parnanen, M Loginov, R Ryu, H Kuusi, M Siitonen, A Miettinen, I Domingo, JWS Hanninen, ML Pitkanen, T AF Jalava, Katri Rintala, Hanna Ollgren, Jukka Maunula, Leena Gomez-Alvarez, Vicente Revez, Joana Palander, Marja Antikainen, Jenni Kauppinen, Ari Rasanen, Pia Siponen, Sallamaari Nyholm, Outi Kyyhkynen, Aino Hakkarainen, Sirpa Merentie, Juhani Parnanen, Martti Loginov, Raisa Ryu, Hodon Kuusi, Markku Siitonen, Anja Miettinen, Ilkka Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Hanninen, Marja-Liisa Pitkanen, Tarja TI Novel Microbiological and Spatial Statistical Methods to Improve Strength of Epidemiological Evidence in a Community-Wide Waterborne Outbreak SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; DRINKING-WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; HUMAN SAPOVIRUSES; SOUTH-AFRICA; WASTE-WATER AB Failures in the drinking water distribution system cause gastrointestinal outbreaks with multiple pathogens. A water distribution pipe breakage caused a community-wide waterborne outbreak in Vuorela, Finland, July 2012. We investigated this outbreak with advanced epidemiological and microbiological methods. A total of 473/2931 inhabitants (16%) responded to a web-based questionnaire. Water and patient samples were subjected to analysis of multiple microbial targets, molecular typing and microbial community analysis. Spatial analysis on the water distribution network was done and we applied a spatial logistic regression model. The course of the illness was mild. Drinking untreated tap water from the defined outbreak area was significantly associated with illness (RR 5.6, 95% CI 1.9-16.4) increasing in a dose response manner. The closer a person lived to the water distribution breakage point, the higher the risk of becoming ill. Sapovirus, enterovirus, single Campylobacter jejuni and EHEC O157:H7 findings as well as virulence genes for EPEC, EAEC and EHEC pathogroups were detected by molecular or culture methods from the faecal samples of the patients. EPEC, EAEC and EHEC virulence genes and faecal indicator bacteria were also detected in water samples. Microbial community sequencing of contaminated tap water revealed abundance of Arcobacter species. The polyphasic approach improved the understanding of the source of the infections, and aided to define the extent and magnitude of this outbreak. C1 [Jalava, Katri; Ollgren, Jukka; Palander, Marja; Rasanen, Pia; Siponen, Sallamaari; Nyholm, Outi; Kyyhkynen, Aino; Kuusi, Markku; Siitonen, Anja] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Infect Dis Surveillance & Control, Helsinki, Finland. [Rintala, Hanna; Hakkarainen, Sirpa; Merentie, Juhani; Parnanen, Martti] Siilinjarvi Municipal, Siilinjarvi, Finland. [Maunula, Leena; Revez, Joana; Hanninen, Marja-Liisa] Univ Helsinki, Dept Food Hyg & Environm Hlth, Helskinki, Finland. [Gomez-Alvarez, Vicente; Ryu, Hodon; Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Antikainen, Jenni; Loginov, Raisa] Helsinki Univ Hosp, Lab HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland. [Kauppinen, Ari; Miettinen, Ilkka; Pitkanen, Tarja] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Environm Hlth, Kuopio, Finland. RP Jalava, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Infect Dis Surveillance & Control, Helsinki, Finland. EM katri.jalava@thl.fi RI Pitkanen, Tarja/D-1657-2014 OI Pitkanen, Tarja/0000-0002-7591-9148 NR 79 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 22 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 8 AR e104713 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0104713 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO3LL UT WOS:000341230600018 PM 25147923 ER PT J AU Weathers, W Colon, M Hines, A Ulrich, EM AF Weathers, Walter Colon, Maribel Hines, Avis Ulrich, Elin M. TI Use of fluorinated polybrominated diphenyl ethers and simplified cleanup for the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in house dust SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Flame retardants; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; House dust; Fluorinated PBDEs; Solid phase extraction ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN EXPOSURE; INDOOR DUST; AIR; HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE; EXTRACTION; PBDES; ASSOCIATIONS; CANADA AB A simple, cost-effective method is described for the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in house dust using pressurized fluid extraction, cleanup with modified silica solid phase extraction tubes, and fluorinated internal standards. There are 14 PBDE congeners included in the method, some typically contained in the commercial mixtures used as flame retardants, and some which are not routinely reported in the peer-reviewed literature. A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry instrumental method provides baseline separation in <20 min, detection limits <20 ng/g, and quantitation limits <60 ng/g for most congeners. Method blanks contained an average concentration <9 ng/g for all congeners except BDE209 which had an average around 40 ng/g. Spiked samples showed good accuracy with relative percent difference (RPD) <7%, and good precision with relative standard deviation <22% for all congeners except BDE209. The method was applied to the analysis of a standard dust (NIST Standard Reference Material 2585) and showed good accuracy with RPD <25% except for BDE154. Overall, this method exhibited good performance characteristics in all categories including simplicity, cost, sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and precision. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Weathers, Walter; Colon, Maribel; Hines, Avis; Ulrich, Elin M.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ulrich, EM (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Maildrop D205-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM colon.maribel@epa.gov; ulrich.elin@epa.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 22 PY 2014 VL 1356 BP 266 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.054 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AN0VR UT WOS:000340302600029 PM 25037776 ER PT J AU Chang, HS Buettner, SW Seaman, JC Jaffe, PR van Groos, PGK Li, D Peacock, AD Scheckel, KG Kaplan, DI AF Chang, Hyun-shik Buettner, Shea W. Seaman, John C. Jaffe, Peter R. van Groos, Paul G. Koster Li, Dien Peacock, Aaron D. Scheckel, Kirk G. Kaplan, Daniel I. TI Uranium Immobilization in an Iron-Rich Rhizosphere of a Native Wetland Plant from the Savannah River Site under Reducing Conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; CHEMICAL SPECIATION; ASTER-TRIPOLIUM; ORYZA-SATIVA; FERRIC-OXIDE; ROOT PLAQUE; FE-PLAQUE; SEDIMENTS AB The hypothesis of this study was that iron plaques formed on the roots of wetland plants and their rhizospheres create environmental conditions favorable for iron reducing bacteria that promote the in situ immobilization of uranium. Greenhouse microcosm studies were conducted using native plants (Sparganium americanum) from a wetland located on the Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC. After iron plaques were established during a 73-day period by using an anoxic Fe(II)-rich nutrient solution, a U(VI) amended nutrient solution was added to the system for an additional two months. Compared to plant-free control microcosms, microcosms containing iron plaques successfully stimulated the growth of targeted iron reducing bacteria, Geobacter spp. Their population continuously increased after the introduction of the U(VI) nutrient solution. The reduction of some of the U(VI) to U(IV) by iron reducing bacteria was deduced based on the observations that the aqueous Fe(II) concentrations increased while the U(VI) concentrations decreased. The Fe(II) produced by the iron reducing bacteria was assumed to be recoddized by the oxygen released from the roots. Advanced spectroscopic analyses revealed that a significant fraction of the U(VI) had been reduced to U(IV) and they were commonly deposited in association with phosphorus on the iron plaque. C1 [Chang, Hyun-shik; Buettner, Shea W.; Seaman, John C.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Jaffe, Peter R.; van Groos, Paul G. Koster] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Li, Dien; Kaplan, Daniel I.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Peacock, Aaron D.] Microbial Insights Inc, Rockford, TN 37853 USA. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kaplan, DI (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM daniel.kaplan@srnl.doe.gov RI Li, Dien/N-6370-2014; OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 FU Subsurface Biogeochemistry Research Program, within the Climate and Environmental Sciences Division in the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [Dr-FG02-08ER64567, ER65222-1038426-0017532]; Department of Energy [DEFC09-07-SR22506]; University of Georgia Research Foundation [DEFC09-07-SR22506]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Research Council Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Province of Saskatchewan, Western Economic Diversification Canada; University of Saskatchewan FX This work was supported by Subsurface Biogeochemistry Research Program, within the Climate and Environmental Sciences Division in the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, Grants Dr-FG02-08ER64567 and ER65222-1038426-0017532. Portions of this research were supported through a Cooperative Agreement (DEFC09-07-SR22506) between the Department of Energy and the University of Georgia Research Foundation. Although EPA contributed to this article, the research presented was not performed or funded by EPA and was not subject to EPA's quality system requirements. Consequently, the views, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect or represent EPA's views or policies. SEM-BSE-EDS images were obtained at the Department of Geology, University of Georgia. The XANES measurements were performed at the Canadian Light Source, supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the National Research Council Canada, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Province of Saskatchewan, Western Economic Diversification Canada, and the University of Saskatchewan. NR 62 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 19 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 16 BP 9270 EP 9278 DI 10.1021/es5015136 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN6JW UT WOS:000340701800041 PM 25051143 ER PT J AU Chowdhury, I Duch, MC Mansukhani, ND Hersam, MC Bouchard, D AF Chowdhury, Indranil Duch, Matthew C. Mansukhani, Nikhita D. Hersam, Mark C. Bouchard, Dermont TI Interactions of Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials with Natural Organic Matter and Metal Oxide Surfaces SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; FULLERENE C-60 NANOPARTICLES; AGGREGATION KINETICS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION; GRAPHITE OXIDE; POROUS-MEDIA; STEM-CELLS; DEPOSITION; MECHANISMS AB Interactions of graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterials with natural organic matter (NOM) and metal oxide surfaces were investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Three different types of NOM were studied: Suwannee River humic and fulvic acids (SRHA and SRFA) and alginate. Aluminum oxide surface was used as a model metal oxide surface. Deposition trends show that GO has the highest attachment on alginate, followed by SRFA, SRHA, and aluminum oxide surfaces, and that GO displayed higher interactions with all investigated surfaces than with silica. Deposition and release behavior of GO on aluminum oxide surface is very similar to positively charged poly-L-lysine-coated surface. Higher interactions of GO with NOM-coated surfaces are attributed to the hydroxyl, epoxy, and carboxyl functional groups of GO; higher deposition on alginate-coated surfaces is attributed to the rougher surface created by the extended conformation of the larger alginate macromolecules. Both ionic strength (IS) and ion valence (Na+ vs Ca2+) had notable impact on interactions of GO with different environmental surfaces. Due to charge screening, increased IS resulted in greater deposition for NOM-coated surfaces. Release behavior of deposited GO varied significantly between different environmental surfaces. All surfaces showed significant release of deposited GO upon introduction of low IS water, indicating that deposition of GO on these surfaces is reversible. Release of GO from NOM-coated surfaces decreased with IS due to charge screening. Release rates of deposited GO from alginate-coated surface were significantly lower than from SRHA and SRFA-coated surfaces due to trapping of GO within the rough surface of the alginate layer. C1 [Chowdhury, Indranil] Natl Res Council Res Associate, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Duch, Matthew C.; Mansukhani, Nikhita D.; Hersam, Mark C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Duch, Matthew C.; Mansukhani, Nikhita D.; Hersam, Mark C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Duch, Matthew C.; Mansukhani, Nikhita D.; Hersam, Mark C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Med, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Bouchard, Dermont] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Bouchard, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Bouchard.Dermont@epa.gov RI Hersam, Mark/B-6739-2009; Mansukhani, Nikhita/H-2328-2016 OI Mansukhani, Nikhita/0000-0001-6002-0132 FU National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Award at EPA; University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (NSF-EPA) [DBI-1266377] FX Funding was provided for Indranil Chowdhury by a National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Award at EPA. Additional funding was provided by the University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (NSF-EPA under Cooperative Agreement # DBI-1266377). This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the USEPA's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 61 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 24 U2 187 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 19 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 16 BP 9382 EP 9390 DI 10.1021/es5020828 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN6JW UT WOS:000340701800054 PM 25026416 ER PT J AU Laue, H Gfeller, H Jenner, KJ Nichols, JW Kern, S Natsch, A AF Laue, Heike Gfeller, Hans Jenner, Karen J. Nichols, John W. Kern, Susanne Natsch, Andreas TI Predicting the Bioconcentration of Fragrance Ingredients by Rainbow Trout Using Measured Rates of in Vitro Intrinsic Clearance SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; BIOACCUMULATION ASSESSMENT; BIOTRANSFORMATION RATES; XENOBIOTIC METABOLISM; S9 FRACTIONS; FISH; LIVER; HEPATOCYTES AB Bioaccumulation in aquatic species is a critical end point in the regulatory assessment of chemicals. Few measured fish bioconcentration factors (BCFs) are available for fragrance ingredients. Thus, predictive models are often used to estimate their BCFs. Because biotransformation can reduce chemical accumulation in fish, models using QSAR-estimated biotransformation rates have been developed. Alternatively, biotransformation can be measured by in vitro methods. In this study, biotransformation rates for nine fragrance ingredients were measured using trout liver S9 fractions and used as inputs to a recently refined in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) model. BCFs predicted by the model were then compared to (i) in vivo BCFs, (ii) BCFs predicted using QSAR-derived biotransformation rates, (iii) BCFs predicted without biotransformation, and (iv) BCFs predicted by a well-known regression model. For fragrance ingredients with relatively low (<4.7) log K-OW values, all models predicted BCFs below a bioaccumulation threshold of 1000. For chemicals with higher (4.7-5.8) log K-OW values, the model incorporating measured in vitro biotransformation rates and assuming no correction for potential binding effects on hepatic clearance provided the most accurate predictions of measured BCFs. This study demonstrates the value of integrating measured biotransformation rates for prediction of chemical bioaccumulation in fish. C1 [Laue, Heike; Gfeller, Hans; Kern, Susanne; Natsch, Andreas] Givaudan Schweiz AG, Fragrances S&T, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Jenner, Karen J.] Givaudan UK Ltd, Global Regulatory Affairs & Prod Safety, Ashford TN24 OLT, Kent, England. [Nichols, John W.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Laue, H (reprint author), Givaudan Schweiz AG, Fragrances S&T, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. EM heike.laue@givaudan.com NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 19 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 16 BP 9486 EP 9495 DI 10.1021/es500904h PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN6JW UT WOS:000340701800066 PM 25058173 ER PT J AU Wiedinmyer, C Yokelson, RJ Gullett, BK AF Wiedinmyer, Christine Yokelson, Robert J. Gullett, Brian K. TI Global Emissions of Trace Gases, Particulate Matter, and Hazardous Air Pollutants from Open Burning of Domestic Waste SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PCDD/PCDF EMISSIONS; INVENTORY; INVERSION; QUALITY AB The open burning of waste, whether at individual residences, businesses, or dump sites, is a large source of air pollutants. These emissions, however, are not included in many current emission inventories used for chemistry and climate modeling applications. This paper presents the first comprehensive and consistent estimates of the global emissions of greenhouse gases, particulate matter, reactive trace gases, and toxic compounds from open waste burning. Global emissions of CO2 from open waste burning are relatively small compared to total anthropogenic CO2; however, regional CO2 emissions, particularly in many developing countries in Asia and Africa, are substantial. Further, emissions of reactive trace gases and particulate matter from open waste burning are more significant on regional scales. For example, the emissions of PM10 from open domestic waste burning in China is equivalent to 22% of China's total reported anthropogenic PM10 emissions. The results of the emissions model presented here suggest that emissions of many air pollutants are significantly underestimated in current inventories because open waste burning is not included, consistent with studies that compare model results with available observations. C1 [Wiedinmyer, Christine] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Yokelson, Robert J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Biochem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Gullett, Brian K.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wiedinmyer, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM christin@ucar.edu RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808 FU National Science Foundation FX The authors thank L. Emmons and R. Kumar for their thoughtful comments on the manuscript. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 8 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 19 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 16 BP 9523 EP 9530 DI 10.1021/es502250z PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN6JW UT WOS:000340701800070 PM 25019173 ER PT J AU Schoen, ME Xue, XB Hawkins, TR Ashbolt, NJ AF Schoen, Mary E. Xue, Xiaobo Hawkins, Troy R. Ashbolt, Nicholas J. TI Comparative Human Health Risk Analysis of Coastal Community Water and Waste Service Options SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROOF-HARVESTED RAINWATER; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER; MICROBIAL RISKS; SOUTHEAST QUEENSLAND; CONTROLLED TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; PATHOGENS; QUALITY; SEWAGE AB As a pilot approach to describe adverse human health effects from alternative decentralized community water systems compared to conventional centralized services (business-as-usual [BAUD, selected chemical and microbial hazards were assessed using disability adjusted life years (DALYs) as the common metric. The alternatives included: (1) composting toilets with septic system, (2) urine-diverting toilets with septic system, (3) low flush toilets with blackwater pressure sewer and on-site greywater collection and treatment for nonpotable reuse, and (4) alternative 3 with on-site rainwater treatment and use. Various pathogens (viral, bacterial, and protozoan) and chemicals (disinfection byproducts [DBPs]) were used as reference hazards. The exposure pathways for BAU included accidental ingestion of contaminated recreational water, ingestion of cross-connected sewage to drinking water, and shower exposures to DBPs. The alternative systems included ingestion of treated greywater from garden irrigation, toilet flushing, and crop consumption; and ingestion of treated rainwater while showering. The pathways with the highest health impact included the ingestion of cross-connected drinking water and ingestion of recreational water contaminated by septic seepage. These were also among the most uncertain when characterizing input parameters, particularly the scale of the cross-connection event, and the removal of pathogens during groundwater transport of septic seepage. A comparison of the health burdens indicated potential health benefits by switching from BAU to decentralized water and wastewater systems. C1 [Schoen, Mary E.] Soller Environm Inc, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. [Xue, Xiaobo] US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hawkins, Troy R.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. RP Schoen, ME (reprint author), 312 NE 82nd St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mschoen@sollerenvironmental.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development FX This project was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development. NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 19 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 16 BP 9728 EP 9736 DI 10.1021/es501262p PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN6JW UT WOS:000340701800094 PM 24988142 ER EF