FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Greenlees, KJ Bell, TA AF Greenlees, KJ Bell, TA TI Aquaculture crop grouping and new animal drug approvals: A CVM perspective SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NRSP-7/FDA Workshop on Drugs in Aquaculture - Current Status - Future Goals CY SEP 29-30, 1994 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP US Dept HHS, FDA, Ctr Vet Med, US Dept Agr, CSREES, Natl Res Support Project 7 C1 US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Off New Anim Drug Evaluat, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. RP Greenlees, KJ (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Off New Anim Drug Evaluat, HFV-150,7500 Standish Pl, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB PI MANHATTAN PA KANSAS STATE UNIV, MANHATTAN, KS 66506-5606 USA SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PY 1998 VL 40 SU 2 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA 137ZM UT WOS:000076947000008 PM 9823578 ER PT J AU Mitchel, GA AF Mitchel, GA TI Compliance issues and drug use in aquaculture production SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NRSP-7/FDA Workshop on Drugs in Aquaculture - Current Status - Future Goals CY SEP 29-30, 1994 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP US Dept HHS, FDA, Ctr Vet Med, US Dept Agr, CSREES, Natl Res Support Project 7 C1 US FDA, Off Surveillance & Compliance, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. RP Mitchel, GA (reprint author), US FDA, Off Surveillance & Compliance, Ctr Vet Med, 7500 Standish Pl, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB PI MANHATTAN PA KANSAS STATE UNIV, MANHATTAN, KS 66506-5606 USA SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PY 1998 VL 40 SU 2 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA 137ZM UT WOS:000076947000010 PM 9823580 ER PT J AU Stefan, G Jensen, G AF Stefan, G Jensen, G TI Activities of the federal joint subcommittee on aquaculture SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NRSP-7/FDA Workshop on Drugs in Aquaculture - Current Status - Future Goals CY SEP 29-30, 1994 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP US Dept HHS, FDA, Ctr Vet Med, US Dept Agr, CSREES, Natl Res Support Project 7 C1 US FDA, US Dept HHS, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Stefan, G (reprint author), US FDA, US Dept HHS, Ctr Vet Med, 7500 Standish Pl, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB PI MANHATTAN PA KANSAS STATE UNIV, MANHATTAN, KS 66506-5606 USA SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PY 1998 VL 40 SU 2 BP 39 EP 41 PG 3 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA 137ZM UT WOS:000076947000013 PM 9823583 ER PT J AU Kahn, LG AF Kahn, LG TI Research resources for aquaculture drug development and approval SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NRSP-7/FDA Workshop on Drugs in Aquaculture - Current Status - Future Goals CY SEP 29-30, 1994 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP US Dept HHS, FDA, Ctr Vet Med, US Dept Agr, CSREES, Natl Res Support Project 7 C1 US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. RP Kahn, LG (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, 7500 Standish Pl, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB PI MANHATTAN PA KANSAS STATE UNIV, MANHATTAN, KS 66506-5606 USA SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PY 1998 VL 40 SU 2 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA 137ZM UT WOS:000076947000014 PM 9823584 ER PT J AU Oriani, JA Bell, TA AF Oriani, JA Bell, TA TI Performance of field trials and data collection as part of the Investigational New Animal Drug Application (INAD) SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NRSP-7/FDA Workshop on Drugs in Aquaculture - Current Status - Future Goals CY SEP 29-30, 1994 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP US Dept HHS, FDA, Ctr Vet Med, US Dept Agr, CSREES, Natl Res Support Project 7 C1 US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Off New Anim Drug Evaluat, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. RP Oriani, JA (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Off New Anim Drug Evaluat, 7500 Standish Pl, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB PI MANHATTAN PA KANSAS STATE UNIV, MANHATTAN, KS 66506-5606 USA SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PY 1998 VL 40 SU 2 BP 43 EP 47 PG 5 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA 137ZM UT WOS:000076947000015 PM 9823585 ER PT J AU Haley, CJ Eirkson, C Geil, S Mahanes, B AF Haley, CJ Eirkson, C Geil, S Mahanes, B TI US Food and Drug Administration Ecological Risk Assessments for drugs used in aquaculture and in terrestrial animals SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NRSP-7/FDA Workshop on Drugs in Aquaculture - Current Status - Future Goals CY SEP 29-30, 1994 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP US Dept HHS, FDA, Ctr Vet Med, US Dept Agr, CSREES, Natl Res Support Project 7 C1 US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US EPA, Off Wastewater Management, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Haley, CJ (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, 7500 Standish Pl, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB PI MANHATTAN PA KANSAS STATE UNIV, MANHATTAN, KS 66506-5606 USA SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PY 1998 VL 40 SU 2 BP 52 EP 55 PG 4 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA 137ZM UT WOS:000076947000017 PM 9823587 ER PT J AU Weir, JP AF Weir, JP TI Genomic organization and evolution of the human herpesviruses SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE human herpesviruses; viral genes; gene function; sequence homology; evolutionary relationships; genetics ID SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE-1; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE; HERPES-SIMPLEX; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TRANSIENT COMPLEMENTATION; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; REGULATORY PROTEIN AB Members of the Herpesviridae family have been isolated from most animal species examined. Of approximately 100 individual virus species, eight have been isolated from humans, and three of these only within the last 10 years. Fortunately, there is now an enormous amount of sequence data from many of these viruses, particularly the eight human herpesviruses. This wealth of sequence information from such a diverse group of related viruses provides a unique resource for studies of viral gene evolution, comparative gene function, and virus identification. C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Lab DNA Viruses, Bethesda, MD 20857 USA. RP Weir, JP (reprint author), Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Viral Prod, 1401 Rockville Pike,HFM-457, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 63 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PY 1998 VL 16 IS 1 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1023/A:1007905910939 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA ZC703 UT WOS:000072608100008 PM 9562893 ER PT J AU Peden, KWC Srinivasan, A Vartikar, JV Pipas, JM AF Peden, KWC Srinivasan, A Vartikar, JV Pipas, JM TI Effects of mutations within the SV40 large T antigen ATPase/p53 binding domain on viral replication and transformation SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE SV40; dominant-negative; ATPase ID MOUSE EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS; LARGE TUMOR-ANTIGEN; SIMIAN-VIRUS 40; MUTANTS; DNA; P53; IMMORTALIZATION; DELETIONS; ABILITY; COMMON AB The simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen is a 708 amino-acid protein possessing multiple biochemical activities that play distinct roles in productive infection or virus-induced cell transformation. The carboxy-terminal portion of T antigen includes a domain that carries the nucleotide binding and ATPase activities of the protein, as well as sequences required for T antigen to associate with the cellular tumor suppressor p53. Consequently this domain functions both in viral DNA replication and cellular transformation. We have generated a collection of SV40 mutants with amino-acid deletions, insertions or substitutions in specific domains of the protein. Here we report the properties of nine mutants with single or multiple substitutions between amino acids 402 and 430, a region thought to be important for both the p53 binding and ATPase functions. The mutants were examined for the ability to produce infectious progeny virions, replicate viral DNA in vivo, perform in trans complementation tests, and transform established cell lines. Two of the mutants exhibited a wildtype phenotype in all these tests. The remaining seven mutants were defective for plaque formation and viral DNA replication, but in each case these defects could be complemented by a wild-type T antigen supplied in trans. One of these replication-defective mutants efficiently transformed the REF52 and C3H10T1/2 cell lines as assessed by the dense-focus assay. The remaining six mutants were defective for transforming REF52 cells and transformed the C3H10T1/2 line with a reduced efficiency. The ability of mutant T antigen to transform REF52 cells correlated with their ability to induce increased levels of p53. C1 US FDA, Lab Retrovirus Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Peden, KWC (reprint author), US FDA, Lab Retrovirus Res, Bldg 29A,Room 3D08 CBER, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA40586, CA09167] NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PY 1998 VL 16 IS 2 BP 153 EP 165 DI 10.1023/A:1007941622680 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA ZN413 UT WOS:000073643400005 PM 9608660 ER PT J AU Atreya, CD Lee, NS Forng, RY Hofmann, J Washington, G Marti, G Nakhasi, HL AF Atreya, CD Lee, NS Forng, RY Hofmann, J Washington, G Marti, G Nakhasi, HL TI The rubella virus putative replicase interacts with the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE retinoblastoma protein; rubella virus; NSP90; replication and teratogenesis ID IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; RNA AB In utero fetal infection of rubella virus (RV), a positive-stranded RNA virus, frequently induces birth defects if contracted in the first trimester of pregnancy. The underlying mechanism of RV-induced birth defects is not known. Birth defects are also common in certain DNA viral infections such as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). During HCMV infection, one of its proteins interacts with a cell growth regulatory protein, the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and stimulates DNA synthesis which is associated with chromosomal damage and cellular mitotic arrest. These affects have been implicated in HCMV induced teratogenesis. Since RV and HCMV both cause teratogenesis, we postulated that during RV infection, a virus-encoded protein might interact with Rb and affect fetal cell growth. In the present study, we have identified a known Rb-binding motif, L x C x E (LPCAE) in the carboxy-terminal half of the putative replicase (NSP90) of RV and demonstrated that the C-terminal region specifically binds to GST-Rb in vitro. Further, by coimmunoprecipitating NSP90 and Rb using specific antibodies to respective proteins, we have confirmed that NSP90 specifically binds to Rb in vivo as well. In addition, RV replication was shown to be less in null-mutant (Rb-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblast cells than in wild-type (Rb+/+) cells, suggesting a possible physiological role for this interaction. Thus, in facilitating RV replication, binding of NSP90 to Rb potentially alters the cell growth regulatory property of Rb, and this could be one of the initial steps in RV-induced teratogenesis. C1 Univ Leipzig, Div Viral Prod, D-7010 Leipzig, Germany. Univ Leipzig, Div Allergen Prod & Parasitol, D-7010 Leipzig, Germany. Univ Leipzig, Inst Virol, D-7010 Leipzig, Germany. US FDA, Div Cellular & Gene Therapies, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Atreya, CD (reprint author), 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PY 1998 VL 16 IS 2 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1023/A:1007998023047 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA ZN413 UT WOS:000073643400008 PM 9608663 ER PT J AU Reesink, HW Engelfriet, CP Vrielink, H Krusius, T Lankinen, M Flanagan, P Barbara, J Gill, P Dodd, RY Busch, MP Prati, D Mozzi, F Sirchia, G Diekamp, U Epstein, JS Tabor, E Martin-Vega, C Hernandez, JM AF Reesink, HW Engelfriet, CP Vrielink, H Krusius, T Lankinen, M Flanagan, P Barbara, J Gill, P Dodd, RY Busch, MP Prati, D Mozzi, F Sirchia, G Diekamp, U Epstein, JS Tabor, E Martin-Vega, C Hernandez, JM TI Consequences of nucleic acid amplification testing for blood transfusion centres SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; SAMPLES; RNA C1 Netherlands Red Cross, Blood Bank, NL-1006 AC Amsterdam, Netherlands. Finnish Red Cross & Blood Transfus Serv, FIN-00310 Helsinki, Finland. Natl Blood Serv, Leeds Ctr, Leeds LS15 7TW, W Yorkshire, England. Natl Blood Serv, N London Ctr, London NW9 5BG, England. Canadian Red Cross Soc, Natl Testing Lab, Ottawa, ON K1G 4J5, Canada. Holland Lab, Transmissible Dis Dept, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. Blood Ctr Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. Ctr Trasfus & Immunol Trapianti, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Oldenburg & Bremen gGmbH, Sachsen Anhalt, DRK Niedersachsen, Blutspendedienst Landesverbande, D-31830 Springe, Germany. US FDA, Off Blood Res & Review, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Transfusio & Banc Teixits, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain. RP Reesink, HW (reprint author), Netherlands Red Cross, Blood Bank, POB 9137, NL-1006 AC Amsterdam, Netherlands. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PY 1998 VL 74 IS 4 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1046/j.1423-0410.1998.74402631.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 103CE UT WOS:000074963100012 PM 9691411 ER PT S AU Chapman, L AF Chapman, L CA DDHS Interagcy Working Grp Xenotransplantat BE Fishman, J Sachs, D Shaikh, R TI The Draft US Public Health Service Guideline on Infectious Disease Issues in Xenotransplantation SO XENOTRANSPLANTATION: SCIENTIFIC FRONTIERS AND PUBLIC POLICY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Transplantation Biotechnology - A Workshop on International Issues Including the Use of Non-Human Cells, Tissues, and Organs CY MAR 18-20, 1998 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP New York Acad Sci, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol & Review, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Off Sci Policy, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Hlth Resources Serv Adm, Rockville, MD USA. US Dept HHS, Off Sci Policy, Off Assistant Secretary Planning & Evaluat, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Chapman, L (reprint author), CDC, MS G-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-186-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 862 BP 166 EP 170 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Transplantation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Research & Experimental Medicine; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Transplantation GA BM29S UT WOS:000078305000021 ER PT S AU Whitehead, JM Patterson, AP Moulton, A AF Whitehead, JM Patterson, AP Moulton, A BE Fishman, J Sachs, D Shaikh, R TI Development of databases and registries - International issues SO XENOTRANSPLANTATION: SCIENTIFIC FRONTIERS AND PUBLIC POLICY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Transplantation Biotechnology - A Workshop on International Issues Including the Use of Non-Human Cells, Tissues, and Organs CY MAR 18-20, 1998 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP New York Acad Sci, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev AB This paper describes the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) efforts to develop a National Xenotransplantation Registry (NXR), The function of the registry is discussed, paying particular attention to data collection and harmonization issues. The need for standardization and coordination on an international scale is presented and the benefits of such efforts are discussed. Finally, a recommendation for an international effort aimed at harmonization is made. C1 Stellar Syst LC, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Cellular & Gene Therapies, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Whitehead, JM (reprint author), Stellar Syst LC, 1997 Barkham Lane, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-186-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 862 BP 217 EP 221 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09140.x PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Transplantation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Research & Experimental Medicine; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Transplantation GA BM29S UT WOS:000078305000030 PM 9928229 ER PT J AU Hsia, CC Nakashima, Y Tabor, E AF Hsia, CC Nakashima, Y Tabor, E TI Deletion mutants of the hepatitis B virus X gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN; GENOME AB Two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were identified who had substantial deletions within the hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene from HCC tissues. In one patient, the deletion was found at nt. 382-389 (codons 128-130) of the X gene, followed by two nucleotide substitutions, a frame shift, and formation of a new stop codon. In the second patient, the deletion was found at nt. 389-396 (codons 130-132) of the X gene, followed by one nucleotide substitution, a frame shift, and formation of a new stop codon. The resulting X proteins in both cases would be truncated at the 3' end and would be 20 amino acids shorter than the full length X protein. These patients had been identified during a study of 25 HCC patients from Qidong, China in whom a 228-base region of the X gene was sequenced. No deletions mere found within this X gene sequence in HCC tissues from the other 23 patients or in the 20 adjacent noncancerous liver samples available from these patients. However, the fact that these deletions encompassed codons 130 and 131, two adjacent codons where point mutations were found in 21 of the remaining 23 patients, suggests that this region may play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 US FDA, Div Transfus Transmitted Dis, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. RP Hsia, CC (reprint author), US FDA, Div Transfus Transmitted Dis, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. NR 13 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD DEC 29 PY 1997 VL 241 IS 3 BP 726 EP 729 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7882 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA YP264 UT WOS:000071259500021 PM 9434776 ER PT J AU Myers, MR Kerschen, EJ AF Myers, MR Kerschen, EJ TI Influence of camber on sound generation by airfoils interacting with high-frequency gusts SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID FLOWS AB A theoretical model is developed for the sound generated when a convected disturbance encounters a cambered airfoil at non-zero angle of attack. The model is a generalization of a previous theory fora flat-plate airfoil, and is based on a linearization of the Euler equations about the steady, subsonic flow past the airfoil. High-frequency gusts, whose wavelengths are short compared to the airfoil chord, are considered. The airfoil camber and incidence angle are restricted so that the mean flow past the airfoil is a small perturbation to a uniform flow. The singular perturbation analysis retains the asymptotic regions present in the case of a flat-plate airfoil: local regions, which scale on the gust wavelength, at the airfoil leading and trailing edges: a 'transition' region behind the airfoil which is similar to the transition zone between illuminated and shadow regions in optical problems; and an outer region, far away from the airfoil edges and wake? in which the solution has a geometric-acoustics form. For the cambered airfoil,an additional asymptotic region in the form of an acoustic boundary layer adjacent to the airfoil surface is required in order to account for surface curvature effects. Parametric calculations are presented which illustrate that, like incidence angle, moderate amounts of airfoil camber can significantly affect the sound field produced by airfoil-gust interactions. Most importantly, the amount of radiated sound power is found to correlate very well with a single aerodynamic loading parameter, alpha(eff), which is an effective mean-how incidence angle for the airfoil leading edge. C1 US FDA, Hydrodynam & Acoust Branch, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20817 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Myers, MR (reprint author), US FDA, Hydrodynam & Acoust Branch, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, HFZ-132, Rockville, MD 20817 USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD DEC 25 PY 1997 VL 353 BP 221 EP 259 DI 10.1017/S0022112097007349 PG 39 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA YQ376 UT WOS:000071380700010 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, R Gross, ML Zielinski, WL Layloff, TP AF Ramanathan, R Gross, ML Zielinski, WL Layloff, TP TI Monitoring recombinant protein drugs: A study of insulin by H/D exchange and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; ABSORPTION AB The increasing emergence of new protein- and peptide-based drugs makes necessary the development of rapid and sensitive methods to check consistency between and within batches of biotechnology pharmaceuticals to ensure product quality. We evaluated electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in combination with H/D isotopic exchange as a potential tool, taking as examples for this case study the four insulins used for treating insulin-dependent diabetes. Two (bovine and porcine) are produced naturally, and two are produced by recombinant biotechnology techniques [recombinant human (r-human) and its human insulin analog (LysPro)]. The extent of H/D exchange at a given time was measured with less than 2 mu g (<350 pmol) of sample and was sufficient for discriminating among the different insulins. After 60 min, bovine, porcine, r-human, and LysPro insulins exchanged on average 25, 28, 30, and 38 amide protons, respectively. After prolonged incubation with D2O for 24 h, bovine and porcine insulins exchanged 31 protons, whereas r-human and LysPro insulins exchanged 34 and 43 amide protons, respectively. The differences in H/D exchange are protein signatures that relate to differences in conformation and folding. The extent of exchange distinguishes among the insulin types and assures the consistency of batch preparations for a given insulin. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. US FDA,CDER,DIV TESTING & APPL ANALYT DEV,ST LOUIS,MO 63101. FU NCI NIH HHS [1PO1CA49210]; NCRR NIH HHS [2P41RR00954] NR 24 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 24 BP 5142 EP 5145 DI 10.1021/ac970290a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA YL299 UT WOS:A1997YL29900029 PM 9414619 ER PT J AU Fleisher, TA Marti, G AF Fleisher, TA Marti, G TI No wash step required - Authors' response SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Letter C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Fleisher, TA (reprint author), NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 6 BP 324 EP 325 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA YN962 UT WOS:000071226300009 ER PT J AU Martinez, DE Dirksen, ML Bode, PM Jamrich, M Steele, RE Bode, HR AF Martinez, DE Dirksen, ML Bode, PM Jamrich, M Steele, RE Bode, HR TI Budhead, a fork head HNF-3 homologue, is expressed during axis formation and head specification in hydra SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; FLOOR PLATE DEVELOPMENT; DNA-BINDING-DOMAIN; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; GENE FAMILY; PATTERN-FORMATION; HOMEOBOX GENES; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; NUCLEAR FACTOR; FROG EMBRYOS AB Accumulating evidence indicates that a common set of genes and mechanisms regulates the developmental processes of a variety of triploblastic organisms despite large variation in their body plans. To what extent these same genes and mechanisms are also conserved among diploblasts, which arose earlier in metazoan evolution, is unclear. We have characterized a hydra homologue of the fork head/HNF-3 class of winged-helix proteins, termed budhead, whose expression patterns suggest a role(s) similar to that found in vertebrates. The vertebrate HNF-3 beta homologues are expressed early in embryogenesis in regions that have organizer properties, and later they have several roles, among them an important role in rostral head formation. In the adult hydra, where axial patterning processes are continuously active, budhead is expressed in the upper part of the head, which has organizer properties. It is also expressed during the formation of a new axis as part of the development of a bud, hydra's asexual form of reproduction. Expression during later stages of budding, during head regeneration and the formation of ectopic heads, indicates a role in head formation. It is likely that budhead plays a critical role in head as well as axis formation in hydra. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Dev Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Biol Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Dev & Cell Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Cellular & Gene Therapy, Dev Biol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Pomona Coll, Dept Biol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Martinez, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Dev Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01-RR09755]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD08086, P01-HD27173] NR 71 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 192 IS 2 BP 523 EP 536 DI 10.1006/dbio.1997.8715 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA YR140 UT WOS:000071464100025 PM 9441686 ER PT J AU Franzoso, G Carlson, L Xing, LP Poljak, L Shores, EW Brown, KD Leonardi, A Tran, T Boyce, BF Siebenlist, U AF Franzoso, G Carlson, L Xing, LP Poljak, L Shores, EW Brown, KD Leonardi, A Tran, T Boyce, BF Siebenlist, U TI Requirement for NF-kappa B in osteoclast and B-cell development SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE NF-kappa B; knockout mice; osteopetrosis; B cell; development; osteoclasts ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; C-REL PROTOONCOGENE; MICE LACKING; TARGETED DISRUPTION; ONCOPROTEIN BCL-3; DENDRITIC CELLS; DEFICIENT MICE; MULTIORGAN INFLAMMATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AB NF-kappa B is a family of related, dimeric transcription factors that are readily activated in cells by signals associated with stress or pathogens. These factors are critical to host defense, as demonstrated previously with mice deficient in individual subunits of NF-kappa B. We have generated mice deficient in both the p50 and p52 subunits of NF-kappa B to reveal critical functions that may be shared by these two highly homologous proteins. We now demonstrate that unlike the respective single knockout mice, the p50/p52 double knockout mice fail to generate mature osteoclasts and B cells, apparently because of defects that track with these lineages in adoptive transfer experiments. Furthermore, these mice present markedly impaired thymic and splenic architectures and impaired macrophage functions. The blocks in osteoclast and B-cell maturation were unexpected. Lack of mature osteoclasts caused severe osteopetrosis, a family of diseases characterized by impaired osteoclastic bone resorption. These findings no iv establish critical roles for NF-kappa B in development and expand its repertoire of roles in the physiology of differentiated hematopoietic cells. C1 NIAID, Immunoregulat Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. US FDA, Div Hematol Prod, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Siebenlist, U (reprint author), NIAID, Immunoregulat Lab, NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-43510, R01 AR043510] NR 83 TC 666 Z9 688 U1 0 U2 3 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 24 BP 3482 EP 3496 DI 10.1101/gad.11.24.3482 PG 15 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA YN804 UT WOS:000071209500018 PM 9407039 ER PT J AU Sechler, JMG Yip, JC Rosenberg, AS AF Sechler, JMG Yip, JC Rosenberg, AS TI Cutting edge: Genetic variation among 129 substrains: Practical consequences SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICE AB We designed a series of experiments to define the role of IFN-gamma in cellular interactions mediating graft rejection by assessing the rejection of H-Y disparate grafts in both ligand and receptor knockout mice and their control inbred strain. In the course of these studies it became apparent that neither knockout strain is histocompatible with the putative control and that the putative control is not histocompatible with either knockout strain. In the profess of deducing why this might be so, it became apparent that the putative control is not an inbred strain of mouse. Thus, in the absence of rigorous genetic control, the utility of such knockout strains of mice for assessing the effects of cytokines and receptors in transplantation and autoimmunity is limited. C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Hematol Prod, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Sechler, JMG (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Hematol Prod, 29 Lincoln Dr,Bldg 29A-2B12, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 159 IS 12 BP 5766 EP 5768 PG 3 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YW264 UT WOS:000071914900002 PM 9550369 ER PT J AU Dickensheets, HL Donnelly, RP AF Dickensheets, HL Donnelly, RP TI IFN-gamma and IL-10 inhibit induction of IL-1 receptor type I and type II gene expression by IL-4 and IL-13 in human monocytes SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES; NECROSIS FACTOR CACHECTIN; HUMAN BLOOD MONOCYTES; INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR; INTERFERON-GAMMA; MESSENGER-RNA; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR CELLS; ANTAGONIST GENE; DECOY RECEPTOR; B-CELLS AB The Th2-type cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 induce expression of a distinct subset of genes in human monocytes. These include Fc epsilon RII (CD23), 15-lipoxygenase, IL-l receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), and type I and type II IL-l receptors (IL-1R). IFN-gamma has been shown to inhibit induction of CD23 and 15-lipoxygenase in monocytes; however, the effects of IFN-gamma on type I and type II IL-1R gene expression have not been defined. We examined the effects of IFN-gamma on both basal and IL-4/1L-13-induced IL-1R gene expression in primary monocytes. IL-4 and IL-13 induced dose-and time-dependent increases in IL-1RI and IL-1RII mRNA levels. IFN-gamma decreased basal expression as well as the induction of these genes by IL-4 and IL-13. Inhibition of IL-l RI and IL-1RII mRNA levels by IFN-gamma was transcriptionally mediated, and correlated directly with decreased production of soluble IL-1RII. Furthermore, the ability to suppress IL-1RI and IL-1RII mRNA levels was not unique to IFN-gamma because IL-10 also inhibited expression of these genes in IL-4/IL-13-stimulated monocytes. Inhibition of IL-1R gene expression by IFN-gamma and IL-10 was not due to downregulation of surface IL-4R because pretreatment with these cytokines did not decrease the number of IL-4 binding sites per cell. However, suppression of IL-1R gene expression by IFN-gamma and IL-10 was associated with decreased tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the IL-4/IL-13-inducible transcription factor, Stat6, suggesting a potential mechanism by which IFN-gamma and IL-10 may mediate their suppressive effects. These findings demonstrate that certain cytokines, including IFN-gamma and IL-10, antagonize the ability of IL-4 and IL-13 to induce increased expression of the IL-1RI and IL-1RII genes in monocytes. C1 US FDA, Div Cytokine Biol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Donnelly, RP (reprint author), US FDA, CBER, Div Cytokine Biol, HFM-505,1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 58 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 159 IS 12 BP 6226 EP 6233 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YW264 UT WOS:000071914900059 PM 9550426 ER PT J AU Young, JF Branham, WS Sheehan, DM Baker, ME Wosilait, WD Luecke, RH AF Young, JF Branham, WS Sheehan, DM Baker, ME Wosilait, WD Luecke, RH TI Physiological ''constants'' for PBPK models for pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for pregnancy are inherently more complex than conventional PBPK models due to the growth of the maternal and embryo/fetal tissues. Physiological parameters such as compartmental volumes or flow rates are relatively constant at any particular time during gestation when an acute experiment might be conducted, but vary greatly throughout the course of gestation (e.g., contrast relative fetal weight during the first month of gestation with the ninth month). Maternal physiological parameters change during gestation, depending upon the particular system; for example, cardiac output increases by similar to 50% during human gestation; plasma protein concentration decreases during pregnancy; overall metabolism remains fairly constant. Maternal compartmental volumes may change by 10-30%; embryo/fetal volume increases over a billionfold from conception to birth. Data describing these physiological changes in the human are available from the literature. Human embryo/fetal growth can be well described using the Gompertz equation. By contrast, very little of these same types of data is available for the laboratory animal. In the rodent there is a dearth of information during organogenesis as to embryo weights, and even less organ or tissue weight or volume data during embryonic or fetal periods. Allometric modeling offers a reasonable choice to extrapolate (approximately) from humans to animals; validation, however, is confined to comparisons with limited data during the late embryonic and fetal periods of development (after gestation d 11 in the rat and mouse). Embryonic weight measurements are limited by the small size of the embryo and the current state of technology. However, the application of the laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) to optically section intact embryos offers the capability of precise structural measurements and computer-generated three-dimensional reconstruction of early embryos. Application of these PBPK models of pregnancy in laboratory animal models at teratogenically sensitive periods of development provides exposure values at specific target tissues. These exposures provide fundamentally important data to help design and interpret molecular probe investigations into mechanisms of teratogenesis. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, DEPT MED, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. UNIV MISSOURI, DEPT PHARMACOL, COLUMBIA, MO 65212 USA. UNIV MISSOURI, DEPT CHEM ENGN, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. RP Young, JF (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL, HFT-130, 3900 NCTR DR, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. OI Baker, Michael/0000-0003-4387-3269 NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD DEC 12 PY 1997 VL 52 IS 5 BP 385 EP 401 DI 10.1080/009841097159539 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA YG950 UT WOS:A1997YG95000001 PM 9388532 ER PT J AU Petricoin, EF Ito, S Williams, BL Audet, S Stancato, LF Gamero, A Clouse, K Grimley, P Weiss, A Beeler, J Finbloom, DS Shores, EW Abraham, R Larner, AC AF Petricoin, EF Ito, S Williams, BL Audet, S Stancato, LF Gamero, A Clouse, K Grimley, P Weiss, A Beeler, J Finbloom, DS Shores, EW Abraham, R Larner, AC TI Antiproliferative action of interferon-alpha requires components of T-cell-receptor signalling SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE; KINASE; TRANSDUCTION; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; CD45 AB Signal transduction through both cytokine and lymphocyte antigen receptors shares some common pathways by which they initiate cellular responses, such as activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase(s)(1,2). However, other signalling components appear to be uniquely coupled to each receptor. For example, the interferon receptors transduce regulatory signals through the JAK/ STAT pathway, resulting in an inhibition of growth and of antiviral effects, whereas this pathway apparently plays no role in T-cell-receptor (TCR)-dependent gene expression(3,4). Conversely, signal transduction through the TCR requires the tyrosine kinases Lck and ZAP-70 and the tyrosine phosphatase CD45 (ref. 5). Here we show that, unexpectedly, transmission of growth-inhibitory signals by interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in T cells requires the expression and association of CD45, Lck and ZAP-70 with the IFN-alpha-receptor signalling complex. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DEPT IMMUNOL & PHARMACOL,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. USUHS,DEPT PATHOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. NR 10 TC 130 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 3 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 11 PY 1997 VL 390 IS 6660 BP 629 EP 632 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YK853 UT WOS:A1997YK85300055 PM 9403695 ER PT J AU Rellahan, BL Graham, LJ Stoica, B DeBell, KE Bonvini, E AF Rellahan, BL Graham, LJ Stoica, B DeBell, KE Bonvini, E TI Cbl-mediated regulation of T cell receptor-induced AP1 activation - Implications for activation via the Ras signaling pathway SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE; EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; PRODUCT C-CBL; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; PROTOONCOGENE PRODUCT; SH3 DOMAIN; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; ADAPTER PROTEINS; PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; EXCHANGE FACTOR AB The functional role of Cbl in regulating T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signal transduction pathways is unknown. This study uses Cbl overexpression in conjunction with a Ras-sensitive AP1 reporter construct to examine its role in regulating TCR mediated activation of the Ras pathway, Cbl overexpression in Jurkat T cells inhibited AP1 activity after TCR ligation, However, AP1 induction by 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which up-regulates Ras activity in a protein kinase C-dependent, TCR/tyrosine kinase-independent manner was not affected by Cbl overexpression. Cbl overexpression also did not affect AP1 induction by an activated Ras protein or a membrane bound form of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos. In addition, activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase Erk2 was decreased by Cbl overexpression. Therefore, Cbl regulates events that are required for full TCR-mediated Ras activation, and data are presented to support a model whereby Cbl regulates events required for Ras activation via its association with Grb2. C1 US FDA, Immunobiol Lab, Div Monoclonal Antibodies, Off Therapeut Res & Review,Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Rellahan, BL (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, HFM 564,Bldg 29B,Rm 5E16,1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM rellahan@a1.cber.fda.gov RI STOICA, BOGDAN/H-9782-2013 OI STOICA, BOGDAN/0000-0002-2501-6434 NR 63 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 5 PY 1997 VL 272 IS 49 BP 30806 EP 30811 DI 10.1074/jbc.272.49.30806 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YT745 UT WOS:000071640800035 PM 9388222 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI Final standards for mammography facilities issued SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 3 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 21 BP 1728 EP 1728 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YH987 UT WOS:A1997YH98700009 PM 9388135 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI Interim recommendations issued for patients exposed to fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 3 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 21 BP 1728 EP 1728 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YH987 UT WOS:A1997YH98700007 PM 9388135 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI New warning information for Rezulin labeling SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 3 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 21 BP 1728 EP 1728 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YH987 UT WOS:A1997YH98700008 PM 9388135 ER PT J AU Bowen, R Glicklich, A Khan, M Rasmussen, S Wadden, T Bilstad, J Graham, D Green, L Lumpkin, M ONeill, R Sobel, S Hubbard, VS Yanovski, S Sopko, G AF Bowen, R Glicklich, A Khan, M Rasmussen, S Wadden, T Bilstad, J Graham, D Green, L Lumpkin, M ONeill, R Sobel, S Hubbard, VS Yanovski, S Sopko, G TI Cardiac valvulopathy associated with exposure to fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine: US Department of Health and Human Services interim public health recommendations, November 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 1061-1066, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID DOPPLER C1 NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CDC,DIV ADULT & COMMUNITY HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,DIV ORAL HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Bowen, R (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 9 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 3 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 21 BP 1729 EP 1731 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YH987 UT WOS:A1997YH98700010 ER PT J AU Houston, ME Harvath, L Honek, JF AF Houston, ME Harvath, L Honek, JF TI Synthesis of and chemotactic responses elicited by fMET-Leu-Phe analogs containing difluoro- and trifluoromethionine SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS; PEPTIDE CHEMOATTRACTANTS; ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS; RECEPTOR; PHENYLALANINE; ACTIVATION AB N-Formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine tripeptides containing either L-difluoro-or L-trifluoromethionine as replacements for methionine were synthesized by solution methods. The fluorinated peptides were found to have potent chemoattractant activities on human neutrophils. Ab initio calculations were utilized to further understand the changes in electronic properties of the methionine side chain upon fluorination. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. US FDA, Lab Cellular Hematol, Div Hematol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Univ Alberta, Dept Biochem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada. EM jhonek@uwaterloo.ca OI Honek, John/0000-0002-4035-4538 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X EI 1464-3405 J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD DEC 2 PY 1997 VL 7 IS 23 BP 3007 EP 3012 DI 10.1016/S0960-894X(97)10134-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA YM283 UT WOS:000071048100017 ER PT J AU Pabst, HF Spady, DW Pilarski, LM Carson, MM Beeler, JA Krezolek, MP AF Pabst, HF Spady, DW Pilarski, LM Carson, MM Beeler, JA Krezolek, MP TI Differential modulation of the immune response by breast- or formula-feeding of infants SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; immunomodulation; measles vaccine ID HYALURONAN-MEDIATED MOTILITY; LEUKOCYTE ADHESION; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; HUMAN COLOSTRUM; CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES; EXPRESSION; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; PROTECTS AB Spontaneous integrin expression on CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ lymphocytes at 6 months was significantly lower in breastfed than formula-fed infants (p < 0.05). In another study of 59 formula-fed and 64 breastfed 12-month-old children blast transformation and cytokine production by lymphocytes, and T cell changes were measured before and after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination (MMR). Before vaccination, lymphocytes of breastfed children had lower levels of blast transformation without antigen (p < 0.001), with tetanus toroid (p < 0.02) or Candida (p < 0.04), and lower interferon-gamma production (p < 0.03). Fourteen days after the Live viral vaccination, only the breastfed children had increased production of interferon-gamma (p < 0.02) and increased percentages of CD56+ (p < 0.022) and CD8+ cells (p < 0.004), These findings are consistent with a Th1 type response by breastfed children, not evident in formula-fed children. Feeding mode has an important long-term immunomodulating effect on infants beyond weaning. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Pediat, Walter Mackenzie Hlth Sci Ctr 2C3, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Oncol, Cross Canc Inst, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada. US FDA, Div Viral Prod, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. RP Pabst, HF (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Pediat, Walter Mackenzie Hlth Sci Ctr 2C3, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada. FU PHS HHS [RDI A133996-02] NR 30 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 86 IS 12 BP 1291 EP 1297 DI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb14900.x PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YT750 UT WOS:000071641300004 PM 9475303 ER PT J AU JamisDow, CA Pearl, ML Watkins, PB Blake, DS Klecker, RW Collins, JM AF JamisDow, CA Pearl, ML Watkins, PB Blake, DS Klecker, RW Collins, JM TI Predicting drug interactions in vivo from experiments in vitro - Human studies with paclitaxel and ketoconazole SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY-CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE drug metabolism; erythromycin breath test; CYP3A ID IN-VITRO; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; TAXOL; METABOLISM; CLEARANCE; 6-ALPHA-HYDROXYTAXOL; BIOTRANSFORMATION; PHARMACOKINETICS; MICROSOMES; MICE AB This study was performed to evaluate whether concomitant treatment with ketoconazole could reduce the clearance of paclitaxel given to ovarian cancer patients. Paclitaxel, 175 mg/m(2), was given as a 3-hour continuous intravenous infusion and repeated every 21 days. Initially, ketoconazole, 100 to 1600 mg, was given as a single oral dose 3 hours after paclitaxel. Later, ketoconazole, 200 mg, was given perorally 3 hours before paclitaxel. Plasma drug concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) activity was measured with the erythromycin breath test (ERMBT). Ketoconazole did not alter plasma concentrations of paclitaxel or its principal metabolite, 6 alpha-hydroxypaclitaxel. Although there was ml ked inter- and intrapatient variability in ketoconazole pharmacokinetics. peak plasma concentrations in all but one course were below the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) point determined for inhibition of paclitaxel metabolism in vitro. Therefore, paclitaxel and ketoconazole can be coadministered safely without dose adjustments. There was no correlation between ERMBT measurements and serial plasma concentrations of paclitaxel. The erythromycin breath-test measurements did correlate with the corresponding ketoconazole plasma concentrations. The erythromycin breath test is a valuable tool for measuring instantaneous CYP3A activity in vivo. This clinical study confirms the results of prior studies with human-derived materials in vitro, reinforcing the notion that such studies are useful predictors of drug pharmacokinetics and interactions in vivo. C1 US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,GEN CLIN RES CTR,ANN ARBOR,MI. RP JamisDow, CA (reprint author), US FDA,DIV CLIN PHARMACOL RES,4 RES COURT,ROOM 314,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR00042] NR 27 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0277-3732 J9 AM J CLIN ONCOL-CANC JI Am. J. Clin. Oncol.-Cancer Clin. Trials PD DEC PY 1997 VL 20 IS 6 BP 592 EP 599 DI 10.1097/00000421-199712000-00013 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YH881 UT WOS:A1997YH88100013 PM 9391548 ER PT J AU Ambrosone, CB Kadlubar, FF AF Ambrosone, CB Kadlubar, FF TI Toward an integrated approach to molecular epidemiology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biological markers; disease susceptibility, epidemiology; disease susceptibility, genetics; epidemiologic methods; epidemiology, molecular, methods; epidemiology, molecular, trends ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; CANCER RISK; DNA-ADDUCTS; BREAST-CANCER; EXPOSURE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; FUTURE; ACETYLTRANSFERASE; METABOLISM; PARADIGMS AB The emergence of ''molecular epidemiology'' as a scientific approach within the fields of epidemiology and toxicology has led to spirited discussion within the biomedical community, particularly in the area of cancer research, At scientific meetings and in peer-reviewed journals, numerous issues have been raised not only with regard to the practice of molecular epidemiology, but also with regard to its role in traditional epidemiology, toxicology, and risk assessment, Furthermore, the utility of information gleaned from such studies and the implications for public health have been the subject of considerable debate, Conceptual differences in how one views the function of epidemiologic and laboratory research may be reflected in discussions on the merits of molecular epidemiology, This commentary reviews some of the prevailing attitudes toward molecular epidemiology, with the goal of identifying areas of concern and suggesting means of achieving harmonization. The need for cross-training of epidemiologists and laboratory scientists is discussed, and suggestions are made for building successful collaborative relations across disciplines. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MOL EPIDEMIOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 11 BP 912 EP 918 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YJ904 UT WOS:A1997YJ90400004 PM 9400332 ER PT J AU van Zijl, PCM Davis, D Eleff, SM Moonen, CTW Parker, RJ Strong, JM AF van Zijl, PCM Davis, D Eleff, SM Moonen, CTW Parker, RJ Strong, JM TI Determination of cerebral glucose transport and metabolic kinetics by dynamic MR spectroscopy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the Society-of-Magnetic-Resonance / European-Society-for-Magnetic-Resonance-in-Medicine-and-Biology CY 1995 CL NICE, FRANCE SP Soc Magnet Resonance, European Soc Magnet Resonance Med & Biol DE [C-13]glucose utilization; brain; Michaelis-Menten kinetics; cat; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ID C-13 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; RAT-BRAIN; LUMPED CONSTANT; INVIVO; PHOSPHORYLATION; DEOXYGLUCOSE; GLUTAMATE; H-1-NMR; GLIOMA AB A new in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy method is introduced that dynamically measures cerebral utilization of magnetically labeled [1-C-13]glucose from the change in total brain glucose signals on infusion, Kinetic equations are derived using a four-compartment model incorporating glucose transport and phosphorylation. Brain extract data show that the glucose B-phosphate concentration is negligible relative to glucose, simplifying the kinetics to three compartments and allowing direct determination of the glucose-utilization half-life time [t(1/2) = 1n2/(k(2) + k(3))] from the time dependence of the NMR signal. Results on isofluorane (n = 5)- and halothane (n = 7)- anesthetized cats give a hyperglycemic t(1/2) = 5.10 +/- 0.11 min(-1) (SE). Using Michaelis-Menten kinetics and an assumed half-saturation constant K-t = 5 +/- 1 mM, we determined a maximal transport, rate T-max = 0.83 +/- 0.19 mu mol.g(-1).min(-1), a cerebral metabolic rate of glucose CMRGlc = 0.22 +/- 0.03 mu mol.g(-1).min(-1), and a normoglycemic cerebral influx rate CIRGlc = 0.37 +/- 0.05 mu mol.g(-1).min(-1). Possible extension of this approach to positron emission tomography and proton NMR is discussed. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NIH, In Vivo Nucl Magnet Resonance Res Ctr, Biomed Engn & Instrumentat Program, Natl Ctr Res Resources, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Off Res Resources, Div Clin Pharmacol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Victor Segalen 2, Unite Mixte Rech Resonance Magnet Syst Biol 5536, CNRS, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. RP van Zijl, PCM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, 217 Traylor Bldg,720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI van Zijl, Peter/B-8680-2008 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS-31490] NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 273 IS 6 BP E1216 EP E1227 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA YM202 UT WOS:000071040000023 PM 9435539 ER PT J AU Rumsey, JM Donohue, BC Brady, DR Nace, K Giedd, JN Andreason, P AF Rumsey, JM Donohue, BC Brady, DR Nace, K Giedd, JN Andreason, P TI A magnetic resonance imaging study of planum temporale asymmetry in men with developmental dyslexia SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL ASYMMETRY; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; BRAIN MORPHOLOGY; MRI; HANDEDNESS; DISORDERS; CHILDREN; CORTEX; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DISABILITIES AB Background: Imaging studies have suggested anomalous anatomical asymmetries in language-related regions of the temporal and parietal lobes in individuals with developmental dyslexia. Autopsy studies have reported unusual symmetry of the planum temporale (PT) in patients with dyslexia. Methodological limitations characterize much of this literature, however. Objective: To examine the size and asymmetry of the PT and its extension into the parietal lobe (planum parietale [PP]) in men with well-characterized, persistent dyslexia by using magnetic resonance imaging and 3-dimensional surface rendering techniques. Methods: The brains of 16 right-handed dyslexic men aged 18 to 40)rears and 14 matched control subjects were studied with magnetic resonance imaging. Most of these subjects were previously studied with positron emission tomography, which demonstrated functional abnormalities in temporal and parietal brain regions in the dyslexic group. The area of the PT was determined with the aid of 3-dimensional surface-rendering techniques. The size of the PP was estimated by measuring the length of the posterior ascending ramus on 3 parasagittal slices. Results: Approximately 70% to 80% of both groups showed equivalent leftward (left>right) asymmetries of the PT; approximately 50% to 60% showed equivalent rightward (right>left) asymmetries of the PP. These asymmetries showed equivalent moderate inverse correlations with each other in both groups. Conclusions: These results challenge the notion that anomalous asymmetry of the PT is strongly associated with developmental dyslexia. Given the heterogeneity of the dyslexic population, some subgroup of dyslexic individuals tie, those with developmental language disorders) may show unusual symmetry or reversed asymmetry in this region. However, anomalous asymmetry of the planum did not contribute to functional abnormalities demonstrated in these patients by positron emission tomography. C1 NIA, NEUROSCI LAB, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, DIV NEUROPHARMACOL DRUG PROD, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. RP Rumsey, JM (reprint author), NIMH, CHILD PSYCHIAT BRANCH, BLDG 10, ROOM 6N240, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RI Giedd, Jay/A-3080-2008; Giedd, Jay/B-7302-2012; Giedd, Jay/J-9644-2015 OI Giedd, Jay/0000-0003-0827-3460; Giedd, Jay/0000-0003-2002-8978 NR 55 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 54 IS 12 BP 1481 EP 1489 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YJ960 UT WOS:A1997YJ96000006 PM 9400357 ER PT J AU Malinauskas, RA AF Malinauskas, RA TI Plasma hemoglobin measurement techniques for the in vitro evaluation of blood damage caused by medical devices SO ARTIFICIAL ORGANS LA English DT Article DE plasma hemoglobin concentration; medical device testing; hemolysis; assays; blood damage; bovine plasma ID SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; HEMOLYSIS; ASSIST; SERUM AB A sensitive measure of the in vitro blood dam age potential of a medical device is the rate at which hemoglobin is released into the plasma from red blood cells flowing through the device. Presently there is no one widely accepted method for measuring the plasma:hemoglobin concentration. Nine currently used assays, classified as either direct optical or added chemical techniques, were evaluated for accuracy, reproducibility, sensitivity, interference effects, and ease of use by adding hemoglobin (1-200 mg/dl) to saline, lipid, and bilirubin solutions and to normal cow plasma. Most of the assays displayed good linearity? accuracy, and reproducibility down to 1 mg/dl when interferents were absent. However, representative of the effects caused by interferents, the endogenous hemoglobin concentration of a typical cow plasma sample measured by the 9 techniques ranged from -2 to 39 mg/dl. Although used by fewer organizations, some of the direct optical spectrophotometric methods (e.g., the Cripps and Harboe baseline correction methods) are safer, easier, and more precise and accurate than the chemical addition methods used to measure plasma hemoglobin concentration from in vitro blood damage testing of medical devices. RP Malinauskas, RA (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,OFF SCI & TECHNOL,12721A TWINBROOK PKWY HFZ-132,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 28 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0160-564X J9 ARTIF ORGANS JI Artif. Organs PD DEC PY 1997 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1255 EP 1267 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Transplantation SC Engineering; Transplantation GA YK280 UT WOS:A1997YK28000005 PM 9423977 ER PT J AU Lachenbruch, PA AF Lachenbruch, PA TI Discriminant diagnostics SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE diagnostics; discriminant function; leverage; Mahalanobis distance AB I discuss diagnostic methods for discriminant analysis. The equivalence with linear regression is noted and regression diagnostics are considered. The leverage is a function of the linear discriminant function and the Mahalanobis distance of the observation from the group mean. The distribution of this distance is approximately chi-square with degrees of freedom equal to the number of variables. Standard tests may be used to examine the normality assumption. Some examples are given. C1 US FDA, CBER, OELPS, DBE, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Lachenbruch, PA (reprint author), US FDA, CBER, OELPS, DBE, 1401 Rockville Pike,HFM-215, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 USA SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 1997 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1284 EP 1292 DI 10.2307/2533497 PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA YN246 UT WOS:000071147700009 PM 9423250 ER PT J AU Kodell, RL Ahn, H AF Kodell, RL Ahn, H TI An age-adjusted trend test for the tumor incidence rate for multiple-sacrifice experiments SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE bioassay; constrained maximization; delta method; interval sacrifice; power; size ID ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY EXPERIMENTS; MORTALITY; DEATH AB The nonparametric age-adjusted trend test for the tumor incidence rate proposed by Malani and Lu (1993, Communications in Statistics-Theory and Methods 22, 1557-1584) is modified in two ways to improve the size of the test. First, the tumor incidence rate is constrained to be nonnegative, and second, a conditional variance is used in place of the asymptotic variance based on the delta method. A Monte Carlo simulation study demonstrates the improvement in size of test. The proposed test can be viewed also as a modification of the two-group test of Dewanji and Kalbfleisch (1986, Biometrics 42, 325-341), although their maximum likelihood routine is based on a different formulation of the problem. C1 Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biometry & Risk Assessment, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Kodell, RL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biometry & Risk Assessment, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 USA SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 1997 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1467 EP 1474 DI 10.2307/2533512 PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA YN246 UT WOS:000071147700024 PM 9423261 ER PT J AU Silliman, NP AF Silliman, NP TI Nonparametric classes of weight functions to model publication bias SO BIOMETRIKA LA English DT Article DE epsilon-contamination class; meta-analysis; selection bias; weighted distribution ID NULL AB This paper addresses the use of weight functions to model publication bias in metaanalysis. Since publication bias is hard to gauge, a nonparametric epsilon-contamination class of weight functions is introduced. Sensitivity of conclusions to the specification of the weight function is explored by examining the range of results for the entire E-contamination class. First, lower bounds are found on the coverage of confidence intervals. If little publication bias is suspected, results are robust even when considered over the entire epsilon-contamination class. However, if more substantial publication bias is suspected, then the coverage provided by the usual interval estimator is not robust. In this case, an alternative interval estimator is suggested. Secondly, for the case in which prior information is available, upper and lower bounds are found on posterior quantities of interest. C1 US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Div Biometr, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Silliman, NP (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Div Biometr, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMETRIKA TRUST PI LONDON PA UNIV COLLEGE LONDON GOWER ST-BIOMETRIKA OFFICE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1E 6BT SN 0006-3444 J9 BIOMETRIKA JI Biometrika PD DEC PY 1997 VL 84 IS 4 BP 909 EP 918 DI 10.1093/biomet/84.4.909 PG 10 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA YU030 UT WOS:000071672800013 ER PT J AU Verghis, SBM Essigmann, JM Kadlubar, FF Morningstar, ML Lasko, DD AF Verghis, SBM Essigmann, JM Kadlubar, FF Morningstar, ML Lasko, DD TI Specificity of mutagenesis by 4-aminobiphenyl: mutations at G residues in bacteriophage M13 DNA and G -> C transversions at a unique dG(8-ABP) lesion in single-stranded DNA SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN URINARY-BLADDER; P53 GENE MUTATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CARCINOGEN 4-AMINOBIPHENYL; AROMATIC HYDROXYLAMINES; DEFICIENT STRAINS; VIRAL GENOME; PLASMID DNA; ADDUCTS; SITE AB Mutagenesis by the human bladder carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP) was studied in single-stranded DNA from a bacteriophage M13 cloning vector. In comparison to ABP lesions in double-stranded DNA, Lesions in single-stranded DNA were similar to 70-fold more mutagenic and 50-fold more genotoxic. Sequencing analysis of ABP-induced mutations in the lacZ gene revealed exclusively base-pair substitutions, with over 80% of the mutations occurring at G sites; the G at position 6310 accounted for 25% of the observed mutations. Among the sequence changes at G sites, G-->T transversions predominated, followed by G-->C transversions and G-->A transitions. In order to further elucidate the mutagenic mechanism of ABP, an oligonucleotide containing the major DNA adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (dG(8-ABP)), was situated within the PstI site of a single-stranded M13 genome. After in vivo replication of the adduct containing ABP-modified and control (unadducted) genomes, the mutational frequency and mutational specificity of the dG(8-ABP) lesion were determined, The targeted mutational efficiency was similar to 0.01 %, and the primary mutation observed was the G-->C transversion. Thus dG(8-ABP), albeit weakly mutagenic at the PstI site, can contribute to the mutational spectrum of ABP lesions. C1 McGill Univ, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish Hosp, Lady Davis Inst Med Res, Mol Oncol Grp,Dept Med, Montreal, PQ H3T 1E2, Canada. McGill Univ, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish Hosp, Lady Davis Inst Med Res, Mol Oncol Grp,Dept Human Genet, Montreal, PQ H3T 1E2, Canada. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Mol Epidemiol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. MIT, Whitaker Coll Hlth Sci & Technol, Div Toxicol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Whitaker Coll Hlth Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Lasko, DD (reprint author), McGill Univ, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish Hosp, Lady Davis Inst Med Res, Mol Oncol Grp,Dept Med, 3755 Cote St Catherine Rd, Montreal, PQ H3T 1E2, Canada. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA52127] NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD DEC PY 1997 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2403 EP 2414 DI 10.1093/carcin/18.12.2403 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YQ808 UT WOS:000071425200017 PM 9450488 ER PT J AU Zheng, Q AF Zheng, Q TI Remarks on a model of labeling indices SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biometry & Risk Assessment, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Zheng, Q (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biometry & Risk Assessment, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD DEC PY 1997 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2461 EP 2462 DI 10.1093/carcin/18.12.2461 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YQ808 UT WOS:000071425200026 PM 9450497 ER PT J AU Marshall, JL Wellstein, A Rae, J DeLap, RJ Phipps, K Hanfelt, J Yunmbam, MK Sun, JX Duchin, KL Hawkins, MJ AF Marshall, JL Wellstein, A Rae, J DeLap, RJ Phipps, K Hanfelt, J Yunmbam, MK Sun, JX Duchin, KL Hawkins, MJ TI Phase I trial of orally administered pentosan polysulfate in patients with advanced cancer SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FIBROBLAST GROWTH-FACTOR; COMPETITIVE-BINDING ASSAY; HUMAN-ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDES; PRENEOPLASTIC LESIONS; INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS; TUMOR ANGIOGENESIS; FACTOR FAMILY; HEPARIN; PENTOSANPOLYSULFATE AB Tumor angiogenesis is critically important to tumor growth and metastasis. We have shown that pentosan polysulfate (PPS) is an effective inhibitor of heparin-binding growth factors in vitro and can effectively inhibit the establishment and growth of tumors in nude mice. Following completion of our Phase I trial of s.c. administered PPS, we performed a Phase I trial of p.o. administered PPS in patients with advanced cancer to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and toxicity profile and to search for any evidence for biological activity in vivo. Patients diagnosed with advanced, incurable malignancies who met standard Phase I criteria and who did not have a history of bleeding complications were enrolled, in cohorts of three, to receive PPS p.o. t.i.d., at planned doses of 180, 270, 400, 600, and 800 mg/m(2). Patients were monitored at least every 2 weeks with physical exams and weekly with hematological, chemistry, stool hemoccult, and coagulation blood studies, and serum and urine samples for PPS and basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) levels were also taken. The PPS dose was escalated in an attempt to reach the MTD. Eight additional patients were enrolled at the highest dose to further characterize the toxicity profile and biological in vivo effects of PPS. A total of 21 patients were enrolled in the three cohorts of doses 180 (n = 4), 270 (n = 3), and 400 (n = 14) mg/m(2). The most severe toxicities seen were grade 3 proctitis and grade 4 diarrhea; however, 20 of the 21 patients had evidence of grade 1 or 2 gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. These toxicities became evident at a much earlier time point as the dose was increased, but their severities were similar at all dose levels. There were no objective responses, although three patients had prolonged stabilization of previously progressing disease. Pharmacokinetic analysis suggested marked accumulation of PPS upon chronic administration. Serum and urine bFGF levels failed to show a consistent, interpretable pattern; however the data suggested an inverse relationship between PPS and bFGF levels in vivo. A MTD could not be determined using the daily t.i.d. dosing schedule due to the development of grade 3/4 GI toxicity (proctitis) at all dose levels studied. PPS, administered p.o. at doses of 400 mg/m(2) t.i.d., did not cause significant systemic toxicity, but most patients developed moderate-to-severe GI toxicity within 1-2 months. The cause of the GI toxicity was unclear, but it was readily reversible upon cessation of the agent. The suggestion of an inverse relationship between PPS and bFGF supports further study of PPS as an antiangiogenic agent. The tested doses and schedule cannot be recommended for further study. Subsequent murine experiments showed PPS to be more effective as an anticancer agent when it is given intermittently. We propose a study of PPS given on a weekly schedule in further clinical trials. C1 Georgetown Univ Hosp, Vincent T Lombardi Canc Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Baker Norton Pharmaceut Inc, Miami, FL USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Div Oncol Drug Prod, Rockville, MD 20854 USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Marshall, JL (reprint author), Georgetown Univ Hosp, Vincent T Lombardi Canc Res Ctr, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. OI Wellstein, Anton/0000-0002-0570-4950 FU NCI NIH HHS [5 UO1 CA62500] NR 46 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 3 IS 12 BP 2347 EP 2354 PN 1 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YM012 UT WOS:000071018600021 PM 9815633 ER PT J AU ONeill, RT AF ONeill, RT TI Secondary endpoints cannot be validly analyzed if the primary endpoint does not demonstrate clear statistical significance SO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Long-Term Clinical Trials CY SEP 28-29, 1995 CL TORONTO, CANADA DE primary endpoints; secondary endpoints; p-values; statistical adjustments; valid inference; hypothesis tests AB There is lack of consensus surrounding the interpretation of observed treatment effects for secondary clinical endpoints when the primary endpoint for which the clinical trial was initially designed does not meet the objective of a demonstrated effect. We provide some arguments to support caution in making inferences for secondary endpoints in this situation. We examine the definitions of primary and secondary endpoints within the context of a hypothesis-testing framework for multiple endpoints, and we address the relationship of the correlation structure of these endpoints and the statistical adjustments needed to preserve experiment-wise type I error for a valid inference. We also address the hypothesis-testing framework and the estimation framework for valid inference, focusing on the interpretation of W-values associated with differentially powered hypothesis tests for each endpoint to detect an important clinical effect. We point out the limitations on the strength of evidence (and quantification of uncertainty) for a secondary endpoint effect that can be derived from only one study and introduce the likelihood of replication of the finding in another study of identical size and design as a useful concept to guide this interpretation. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1997. RP ONeill, RT (reprint author), US FDA,OFF EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,ROOM 15B-45,HFD-700,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 5 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0197-2456 J9 CONTROL CLIN TRIALS JI Controlled Clin. Trials PD DEC PY 1997 VL 18 IS 6 BP 550 EP 556 DI 10.1016/S0197-2456(97)00075-5 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YH968 UT WOS:A1997YH96800011 PM 9408717 ER PT J AU Temple, RJ AF Temple, RJ TI When are clinical trials of a given agent vs. placebo no longer appropriate or feasible? SO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Long-Term Clinical Trials CY SEP 28-29, 1995 CL TORONTO, CANADA DE randomized trials; placebo; active control ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BETA-CAROTENE; SUPPLEMENTATION; MORTALITY AB In several situations, placebo-controlled trials may be difficult to conduct. This article discusses the reasons for such difficulty-principally, a belief that the effect of a therapy has already been established or the existence of another therapy already proved effective. In the latter case, an active control equivalence trial may be considered, but this design has important deficiencies in many situations, notably, the lack of assurance of assay sensitivity. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1997. RP Temple, RJ (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,5600 FISHERS LANE,HFD-101,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 14 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0197-2456 J9 CONTROL CLIN TRIALS JI Controlled Clin. Trials PD DEC PY 1997 VL 18 IS 6 BP 613 EP 620 DI 10.1016/S0197-2456(97)00058-5 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YH968 UT WOS:A1997YH96800018 PM 9408723 ER PT J AU Ellenberg, SS AF Ellenberg, SS TI Informed consent: Protection or obstacle? Some emerging issues SO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Long-Term Clinical Trials CY SEP 28-29, 1995 CL TORONTO, CANADA DE informed consent; bioethics; HHS regulations; FDA regulations; randomized consent design; deferred consent; emergency treatment; placebo controls ID CLINICAL-TRIALS; DEFERRED CONSENT; AIDS; DESIGN; RESUSCITATION AB There is widespread consensus on the need for informed consent procedures in medical research. Nevertheless, aspects of the informed consent process remain controversial, and innovative approaches to research may raise new issues and concerns. The randomized consent design for clinical trials, proposed by Zelen (N Engl J Med 1979; 300:1242-1245), permitted physicians to randomize patients without consent, then obtain informed consent from only those patients randomized to the experimental (as opposed to the standard treatment) arm. More recently, the proposal has been made to allow waiver of informed consent for study of patients in emergency circumstances who may be temporarily incapable of providing such consent, and for whom no family member is immediately available to give a ''proxy'' consent (Biros M.H. et al. JAMA 1995; 273:1283-1287). The medical community and federal regulatory policy have responded differently to these proposals. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. 1997. C1 US FDA,DIV BIOSTAT & EPIDEMIOL,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0197-2456 J9 CONTROL CLIN TRIALS JI Controlled Clin. Trials PD DEC PY 1997 VL 18 IS 6 BP 628 EP 636 DI 10.1016/S0197-2456(96)00130-4 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YH968 UT WOS:A1997YH96800020 PM 9408725 ER PT J AU Landow, L AF Landow, L TI Lactic acidosis and cardiopulmonary bypass SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP Landow, L (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2066 EP 2067 DI 10.1097/00003246-199712000-00030 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA YK746 UT WOS:A1997YK74600030 PM 9403763 ER PT J AU Ault, KT Xu, RH Kung, HF Jamrich, M AF Ault, KT Xu, RH Kung, HF Jamrich, M TI The homeobox gene PV.1 mediates specification of the prospective neural ectoderm in Xenopus embryos SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-4; SPEMANN ORGANIZER; VENTRAL MESODERM; INDUCTION; RECEPTOR; SIGNALS; BMP-4; EXPRESSION; LAEVIS; NOGGIN AB Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a member of the TGF beta superfamily, has been implicated in the dorsoventral specification of both mesoderm and ectoderm. High levels of BMP4 signaling appear to specify ventral lineages, while lower levels are causally associated with the development of dorsal lineages. We have previously identified a homeobox-containing transcription factor (PV.1) which is a likely mediator of the ventralizing effects of BMP4 in the mesoderm. Here we provide evidence that PV.1 also functions downstream of BMP4 in the patterning of ectoderm, specifying epidermal and suppressing neural gene expression. PV.1 is expressed in the prospective neuroectoderm at the time of ectodermal fate determination. BMP4 and xSmad1 (a downstream effector of BMP4) induce PV.1 in uncommitted ectoderm and the dominant negative form of the BMP4 receptor (DN-BR) blocks PV.1 expression. In animal pole explants PV.1 counteracts the neuralizing effects of chordin and the DN-BR and restores them to their original epidermal fate. To address the physiological significance of these observations we employed an animal cap transplantation system and demonstrated that overexpression of PV.1 in the prospective neuroectoderm specifically blocks neurogenesis in intact embryos. Thus, PV.1 plays an important role in the ventralization of both mesoderm and ectoderm. We have previously shown that PV.1 is also preferentially expressed in the ventral endoderm, suggesting that this transcription factor may be involved in the ventralization of all three germ layers. C1 US FDA, Dev Biol Lab, Div Cellular & Gene Therapies, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA. NICHD, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20952 USA. SAIC, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Lab Biochem Physiol, Div Basic Sci, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Ault, KT (reprint author), US FDA, Dev Biol Lab, Div Cellular & Gene Therapies, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 192 IS 1 BP 162 EP 171 DI 10.1006/dbio.1997.8737 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA YN254 UT WOS:000071148500013 PM 9405105 ER PT J AU Banfalvi, G Mikhailova, M Poirier, LA Chou, MW AF Banfalvi, G Mikhailova, M Poirier, LA Chou, MW TI Multiple subphases of DNA replication in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells SO DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID S-PHASE; CYCLE CHECKPOINTS; REPAIR; YEAST; DAMAGE AB Replicative DNA synthesis has been measured throughout the S phase in synchronized populations of Chinese hamster ovary cells, When exponentially growing, cells in suspension cultures were subjected to counterflow centrifugal elutriation and the resolution power was increased the biphasic replication profile has been resolved and multiple subphases were distinguished, These replication peaks, termed replication checkpoints, are distributed evenly throughout the S phase, The replication checkpoints have been characterized by their average C values corresponding to 2.05, 2.12, 2.2, 2.45, 2.6, 2.8, 2.95, 3.15, 3.3, 3.45, and 3.85. C1 Semmelweis Univ Med, Sch Med, Dept Med Chem Mol Biol & Pathobiochema, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Mol Epidemiol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Banfalvi, G (reprint author), Dept Med Chem, Puskin U 9, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1044-5498 J9 DNA CELL BIOL JI DNA Cell Biol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1493 EP 1498 DI 10.1089/dna.1997.16.1493 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA YQ834 UT WOS:000071427800012 PM 9428798 ER PT J AU Moody, DE Alburges, ME Parker, RJ Collins, JM Strong, JM AF Moody, DE Alburges, ME Parker, RJ Collins, JM Strong, JM TI The involvement of cytochrome P450 3A4 in the N-demethylation of L-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM), norLAAM, and methadone SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; IN-VITRO METABOLISM; DL-METHADONE; INHIBITORS; MAINTENANCE; FLUVOXAMINE; RAT; DISPOSITION; HEPATOCYTES; WITHDRAWAL AB The N-demethylation of LAAM, norLAAM, and methadone has been investigated in human liver microsomes and microsomes containing cDNA-expressed human P450s. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods allowed detection of norLAAM and dinorLAAM formation from LAAM, dinorLAAM formation from norLAAM, and EDDP and EMDP formation from methadone. The rates of N-demethylation varied 4- to 7-fold in microsomes from four different donors with activities for LAAM and norLAAM consistently greater (5- to 14-fold) than for methadone. The N-demethylation of LAAM, norLAAM, and methadone were significantly inhibited by ketoconazole. IC(50)s could be determined for ketoconazole inhibition of LAAM and norLAAM N-demethylation of 1.6 and 1.1 mu M, respectively. The ability of ketoconazole to reduce methadone N-demethylation below 40% varied in regard to liver donor. No other P450-selective inhibitors reduced the average activities more than 43%. cDNA-expressed P450 3A4 N-demethylated LAAM, norLAAM, and methadone at greater rates than the other cDNA-expressed P450s studied (1A2, 2C9, 2D6, or 2E1). P450 3A N-demethylation of LAAM, norLAAM, and methadone exceeded the next most active P450, respectively, by at least 2.5, 9.6, and 13.4 times when expressed per milligram protein and by 18.2, 6.0, and 6.1 times when expressed per nanomole P450, These results suggest that P450 3A4 is the primary site of N-demethylation of LAAM, norLAAM, and methadone in human liver. Although other enzymes may also be capable of N-demethylating these compounds, identification of specific enzymes, except P450 3A4, has yet to be established. Knowledge of these enzymatic pathways is essential for assessment of the impact of metabolic drug-drug interactions on therapeutic success and/or adverse events. C1 US FDA,CDER,LAB CLIN PHARMACOL,CTR DRUG EVALUAT,LAUREL,MD 20708. UNIV UTAH,COLL PHARM,CTR HUMAN TOXICOL,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. FU NIDA NIH HHS [N01-DA1-9205] NR 54 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1347 EP 1353 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YL406 UT WOS:A1997YL40600003 PM 9394023 ER PT J AU Frame, LT Gatlin, TL Kadlubar, FF Lang, NP AF Frame, LT Gatlin, TL Kadlubar, FF Lang, NP TI Metabolic differences and their impact on human disease - Sulfotransferase and colorectal cancer SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual NHEERL Symposium on Susceptibility and Risk Assessment CY SEP 24-27, 1996 CL DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA SP NHEERL DE sulfotransferase; colorectal cancer; colon cancer; molecular epidemiology; interindividual variability; African-American ID HYDROXY HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; HUMAN-PLATELET; SULFATION PHARMACOGENETICS; PHENOL SULFOTRANSFERASE; RAT; DNA; 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE; GLUCURONIDATION; ACTIVATION; CARCINOGEN AB Gene-environment interaction is an important aspect of human cancer risk. Genetic polymorphisms in acetylation and N-oxidation have previously been described regarding their impact on the heterocyclic amine-induced risk for colon cancer. Here, we report that another enzyme involved in the metabolism of food-borne carcinogens, sulfotransferase (ST1A3 measured by 2-naphthol activity), may function as a potential protective factor for colon cancer in humans. Initially characterized in human liver and colon (Chou et al., 1995), TS-PST activity can also be measured in platelets. A simple microtiter-based colorimetric technique was developed for use in this case-control study. African-Americans had a higher mean ST activity than Caucasians (2.32 +/- 0.24 versus 1.77 +/- 0.09 nmols/min per mg cytosolic protein, P = 0.036). Furthermore, the slow ST phenotype (ST less than or equal to 1.53) was more frequently associated with colon cancer than controls (57 versus 40%, P = 0.026). These data suggest that the ST1A3 isoform may play a role in the differential risk for colorectal cancer. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 John L McClellan Vet Adm Hosp, Surg Serv 112LR, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Arkansas Canc Res Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Lang, NP (reprint author), John L McClellan Vet Adm Hosp, Surg Serv 112LR, 4300 W 7th St, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 4 IS 3-4 BP 277 EP 281 DI 10.1016/S1382-6689(97)10023-0 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YV460 UT WOS:000071826600014 PM 21781833 ER PT J AU Tortorello, ML Stewart, DS Raybourne, RB AF Tortorello, ML Stewart, DS Raybourne, RB TI Quantitative analysis and isolation of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in a food matrix using flow cytometry and cell sorting SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157 : H7; flow cytometry; food ID ANTIBODIES; BEEF AB Flow cytometry is a potentially valuable analytical method in microbiology providing the ability to analyze rapidly large numbers of individual microorganisms by several parameters. With a flow cytometer with enhanced light scatter sensitivity and a conventionally configured sorting cytometer, a series of comparative studies to determine the ability of the two flow systems and the antibody-direct epifluorescent filter technique (Ab-DEFT) to detect and enumerate Escherichia coli O157:H7 were made. Initial experiments used culture-derived mixtures of non-pathogenic E. coli and serial dilutions of E. coli O157:H7. Subsequent studies involved analysis of enrichment cultures from ground beef inoculated with E. coli O157:H7. Comparison of flow cytometry with microscopy and plate counts produced similar results at higher concentrations in both culture mixtures and beef enrichments. At the lowest concentrations Ab-DEFT was more sensitive, however, the time required for analysis was much less with flow cytometry. With a cytometer with enhanced light scatter sensitivity designed for bacterial analysis, O157:H7 could be distinguished from E. coli strain HB101 on the basis of light scatter. This instrument also provided direct count data for selected populations. In experiments using cell sorting to isolate target organisms, the purity of fluorescent-labeled E. coli O157:H7 sorted from beef enrichment cultures and plated was not affected by the level of background organisms, as is often the case in conventional plating procedures. (C) 1998 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US FDA, Immunol Branch, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Summit Argo, IL 60501 USA. RP Raybourne, RB (reprint author), US FDA, Immunol Branch, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 8301 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM rar@vm.cfsan.fda.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0928-8244 EI 1574-695X J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 19 IS 4 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1016/S0928-8244(97)00091-6 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YT362 UT WOS:000071594600002 PM 9537751 ER PT J AU Flynn, TJ Stack, ME Troy, AL Chirtel, SJ AF Flynn, TJ Stack, ME Troy, AL Chirtel, SJ TI Assessment of the embryotoxic potential of the total hydrolysis product of fumonisin B-1 using cultured organogenesis-staged rat embryos SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; HOUSTON HARRIS-COUNTY; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; HISPANIC ORIGIN; CORN; EXCRETION; FORMATE; INVITRO; SYSTEM AB Aminopentol (AP1) is the total hydrolysis product of fumonisin BI (FBI), the major and best characterized of the fumonisins, which are mycotoxins that are common contaminants of corn and corn meal. Some human populations expected to have significant exposure to API have a high incidence of babies born with neural tube defects (NTD). The embryotoxicity of API was evaluated in cultured rat embryos. Gestation day 9.5 embryos were exposed to 0, 3, 10, 30, 100 or 300 mu M API throughout the entire 45-hr culture period. At 100 mu M AP1, growth and overall development were reduced significantly. There was also a significant increase in the incidence of abnormal embryos. 29% of the embryos had NTD, and 36% of the embryos had other abnormalities. At 300 mu M API, the incidence of NTD was 15%, and 85% of the embryos had other abnormalities. These findings suggest that API, at concentrations of 100 mu M and above, can induce NTD in organogenesis-stage cultured rat embryos. However, these NTD are in conjunction with significant overall retardation of growth and development as well as significant increases in the incidence of other defects. These studies also showed, when compared with previous findings, that API is over 100-fold less toxic than FBI to cultured rat embryos. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US FDA, Div Toxicol Res, Washington, DC 20204 USA. US FDA, Div Nat Prod, Washington, DC 20204 USA. US FDA, Div Math, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Flynn, TJ (reprint author), US FDA, Div Toxicol Res, 200 C St NW, Washington, DC 20204 USA. OI Flynn, Thomas/0000-0002-7248-0643 NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1135 EP 1141 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(97)85466-X PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA YQ299 UT WOS:000071371400001 PM 9449218 ER PT J AU Hopkins, RJ AF Hopkins, RJ TI Current FDA-approved treatments for Helicobacter pylori and the FDA approval process SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRIPLE THERAPY; DUODENAL-ULCER; ERADICATION; RECURRENCE AB U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of new drugs expands treatment options and serves as a ''safety net'' of well-documented efficacy and safety. The information provided in the package-insert facilitates physician education and provides some assurance that marketing information is accurate. As of February 1997, three Helicobacter pylori regimes have been FDA-approved for eradication of H. pylori in infected patients with active duodenal ulcers. Regimen 1, omeprazole + clarithromycin (O/C), was supported by two multicenter, controlled studies with a 6-month follow-up. Eradication rates were 74% (n = 53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 62-85) and 64% (n = 61; 95% CI, 52-76). Twenty-five of 26 patients with failed eradication therapy who were taking O/C with clarithromycin-susceptible strains before treatment and who had pretreatment and posttreatment susceptibility tests performed developed clarithromycin resistance after treatment. Regimen 2, ranitidine-bismuth-citrate + clarithromycin, was supported by two multicenter, placebo-controlled studies with a 6-month follow-up. Eradication rates were 84% (n = 19; 95% CI, 60-96) and 73% (n = 22; 95% CI, 50-88). Insufficient pretreatment and posttreatment susceptibility data were collected to assess antimicrobial resistance. Regimen 3, bismuth subsalicylate + metronidazole + tetracycline + an H-2-receptor antagonist, was supported by two pivotal literature-based studies. Eradication rates in patients with duodenal ulcer were 82% (n = 51; 95% CI, 70-92) and 77% (n = 39; 95% CI, 61-89), respectively. When extrapolating the results of these three FDA-approved regimens to the clinical setting, particular aspects of the clinical trial should be kept in mind. These include the type of controls, primary end points used, population studied, and number and type of dropouts. RP Hopkins, RJ (reprint author), US FDA,DIV SPECIAL PATHOGENS & IMMUNOL DRUG PROD HFD590,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,9201 CORP BLVD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 5 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD DEC PY 1997 VL 113 IS 6 SU S BP S126 EP S130 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA YJ608 UT WOS:A1997YJ60800026 PM 9394774 ER PT J AU Barbic, J Leef, MF Burns, DL Shahin, RD AF Barbic, J Leef, MF Burns, DL Shahin, RD TI Role of gamma interferon in natural clearance of Bordetella pertussis infection SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; RESPIRATORY-INFECTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; MICE; LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE; IMMUNIZATION; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES; CLONES AB Using a mouse model of Bordetella pertussis infection, we have analyzed the role of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in bacterial clearance from the respiratory tract. Adult BALB/c mice began to clear a respiratory infection within 3 weeks postinfection, with complete resolution of infection 6 to 8 weeks postinfection. In contrast, neither adult SCID mice (which lack mature B and T lymphocytes) nor adult nude mice (which lack mature T lymphocytes) controlled B. pertussis infection, and both strains died within 3 to 5 weeks postinfection. Short-term T-cell Lines generated from the draining lymph nodes of the lungs of infected BALB/c mice were found to be CD4(+) and produced IFN-gamma but no detectable interleukin-4. Analyses of IFN-gamma mRNA induction in the lungs of mice following B. pertussis infection showed that in both BALB/c and C57/BL/6 mice, IFN-gamma mRNA levels increased sharply by 1 week postinfection and then subsequently declined. Further exploration of a potential role for IFN-gamma demonstrated that infection of adult BALB/c mice depleted of IFN-gamma in vivo with anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibodies resulted in greater numbers of bacteria recovered from the lungs than in infected, control BALB/c mice, although IFN-gamma-depleted mice could subsequently clear the infection, Infection of mice which have a disrupted IFN-gamma gene resulted in bacterial clearance with a time course similar to those seen with IFN-gamma-depleted mice. These results indicate that IFN-gamma plays a role in controlling B. pertussis infection. C1 US FDA,CBER,LAB PERTUSSIS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 20 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 65 IS 12 BP 4904 EP 4908 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YJ227 UT WOS:A1997YJ22700002 PM 9393774 ER PT J AU Takahashi, Y Sandberg, AL Ruhl, S Muller, J Cisar, JO AF Takahashi, Y Sandberg, AL Ruhl, S Muller, J Cisar, JO TI A specific cell surface antigen of Streptococcus gordonii is associated with bacterial hemagglutination and adhesion to alpha 2-3-linked sialic acid-containing receptors SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SALIVA-COATED HYDROXYAPATITE; ACTINOMYCES-VISCOSUS T14V; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MEDIATED AGGREGATION; BINDING PROTEIN; SANGUIS C5; GLYCOPROTEIN; FIMBRIAE; CLONING; ACTINOMYCES-VISCOSUS-T14V AB A Ca2+-independent Lectin activity for alpha 2-3-linked sialic acid-containing receptors is associated with Streptococcus gordonii DL1 (Challis) but not with a spontaneous mutant, strain D102, that specifically Larks hemagglutinating activity, Comparison of crossed-immunoelectrophoresis patterns of parent and mutant sonicated cell extracts identified a unique antigen (Hs antigen) in the parent cell extract that was purified by DEAE Sephacel column chromatography and by a wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin affinity column. The purified antigen formed a single are in crossed immunoelectrophoresis with anti-DL1 serum and migrated as a diffuse band above the 200-kDa marker in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Immunoelectron microscopy with specific anti-Ils antibody revealed labeling of structures in the fibrillar layer of strain DL1 and no labeling of fibrillar structures on strain D102, Rabbit anti-DL1 serum and anti-Hs Fab inhibited the hemagglutinating activity of strain DL1, and the inhibition was specifically neutralized by purified Hs antigen, Anti-Hs Fab did not inhibit the hemagglutinating activities of several heterologous S. gordonii strains; however, these bacteria were agglutinated by anti-as immunoglobulin G and also by WGA. In contrast, two S. gordonii strains that lacked hemagglutinating activity did not react with anti-as antibody or with WGA, These findings associate the sialic acid-binding lectin activity of S. gordonii DL1 with a specific fibrillar antigen, which is composed of protein and WGA reactive carbohydrate, and indicate that crossreactive antigens occur on other strains of this species that possess hemagglutinating activity. C1 NIDR,ORAL INFECT & IMMUN BRANCH,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIRAL PROC,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 48 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 65 IS 12 BP 5042 EP 5051 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YJ227 UT WOS:A1997YJ22700022 PM 9393794 ER PT J AU Biles, JE McNeal, TP Begley, TH AF Biles, JE McNeal, TP Begley, TH TI Determination of bisphenol a migrating from epoxy can coatings to infant formula liquid concentrates SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bisphenol A; epoxy; can coating; migration; infant formula ID DIGLYCIDYL ETHER; FOOD AB Migration of bisphenol A (BPA) from epoxy-coated can surfaces to infant formula concentrates is reported. Levels of BPA in the undiluted concentrates surveyed in this study range from 0.1 to 13 parts per billion (ppb) as determined by solid phase extraction/high-pressure Liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and confirmation by gas chromatography with mass selective detection. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with 30 degrees specular reflectance/transmittance was used to screen formula cans for epoxy coatings. C1 US FDA, Off Premarket Approval, Washington, DC 20264 USA. RP Biles, JE (reprint author), US FDA, Off Premarket Approval, HFS-248,200 C St SW, Washington, DC 20264 USA. NR 9 TC 118 Z9 120 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 45 IS 12 BP 4697 EP 4700 DI 10.1021/jf970518v PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YM805 UT WOS:000071102800035 ER PT J AU Jackson, LS Katta, SK Fingerhut, DD DeVries, JW Bullerman, LB AF Jackson, LS Katta, SK Fingerhut, DD DeVries, JW Bullerman, LB TI Effects of baking and frying on the fumonisin B(1) content of corn-based foods SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin B(1); processing; frying; baking; heating; decomposition ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; CONTAMINATED CORN; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STABILITY; TEMPERATURE; CULTURES; TOXICITY; DECONTAMINATION; PROLIFERATUM; MYCOTOXINS AB Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced primarily by Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum in corn. Fumonisins have been implicated as the causal agents in a variety of animal diseases and are epidemiologically linked to the high incidence of human esophageal cancer in some regions of the world. Little is known about the effects of common processing methods on the fumonisin content of food. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of baking and frying on the stability of fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) spiked into corn-based foods. Baking corn muffins spiked with 5 mu g/g (dry weight basis) FB(1) at 175 and 200 degrees C for 20 min resulted in 83.7 +/- 3.5% and 72.4 +/- 5.9% retention of FB(1), respectively. At both temperatures, losses of FB(1) were significantly (p < 0.05) greater at the surface than at the core of the muffins. No significant losses of FB(1) were found when spiked corn masa was fried at 140-170 degrees C for 0-6 min. FB(1) began to degrade at frying temperatures greater than or equal to 180 degrees C and times greater than or equal to 8 min. Frying chips for 15 min at 190 degrees C resulted in 67% loss of FB(1). These processing studies suggest that fumonisins are heat stable compounds that survive under most conditions used during baking or frying. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Food Safety & Technol, Summit Argo, IL 60501 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. IIT, Natl Ctr Food Safety & Technol, Summit Argo, IL 60501 USA. Gen Mills Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55427 USA. RP Jackson, LS (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Food Safety & Technol, Summit Argo, IL 60501 USA. NR 39 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 45 IS 12 BP 4800 EP 4805 DI 10.1021/jf970405b PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YM805 UT WOS:000071102800052 ER PT J AU Wang, RF Cao, WW Cerniglia, CE AF Wang, RF Cao, WW Cerniglia, CE TI A universal protocol for PCR detection of 13 species of foodborne pathogens in foods SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TOXIGENIC VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; DNA AMPLIFICATION; REACTION ASSAY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; FECAL SAMPLES AB A universal protocol for PCR detection of 13 species of foodborne pathogens in foods was developed. The protocol used a universal culture medium and the same PCR conditions with 13 sets of specific primers. The 13 species of foodborne pathogens examined were Escherichia coli, E., coli-ETEC, E. coli-O157:H7, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. No interference was observed using the PCR assay when food sample was artificially inoculated with each individual bacterial species. Twelve different seafood samples and two soft cheese samples without artificial inoculation were examined by this protocol. Vibrio vulnificus, Salmonella spp., E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cel eus were detected in some foods. Internal probe hybridization and nested PCR procedures were used to confirm the above findings. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Microbiol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Cerniglia, CE (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Microbiol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 67 TC 110 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 83 IS 6 BP 727 EP 736 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1997.00300.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA YN811 UT WOS:000071210200010 PM 9449811 ER PT J AU Kotob, SI Burns, DL AF Kotob, SI Burns, DL TI Essential role of the consensus nucleotide binding site of PtlH in secretion of pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ISLET-ACTIVATING PROTEIN; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; A-SUBUNIT; GENE; LOCALIZATION; MEMBRANE; SYSTEM; LOCUS; DNA AB PtlH is a member of a specialized set of transport proteins that is essential for secretion of pertussis toxin (PT) from Bordetella pertussis. Previously, PtlH was shown to contain a consensus nucleotide-binding motif. Here, we demonstrate that introduction of plasmids containing mutant forms of ptlH, altered in the putative nucleotide-binding region, into a wild-type strain of B. pertussis resulted in inhibition of PT secretion. Thus, this region of PtlH appears to be essential for protein function. Moreover, the observed dominant negative phenotype suggests that PtlH either functions as a multimer or interacts with another component necessary for secretion of PT. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,LAB PERTUSSIS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 179 IS 23 BP 7577 EP 7580 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YJ682 UT WOS:A1997YJ68200046 PM 9393726 ER PT J AU Wilson, M Remington, JS Clavet, C Varney, G Press, C Ware, D Herman, CL Shively, RG Simms, TE Hansen, S Gaffey, CM Nutter, CD Langone, JJ McCracken, J Staples, B AF Wilson, M Remington, JS Clavet, C Varney, G Press, C Ware, D Herman, CL Shively, RG Simms, TE Hansen, S Gaffey, CM Nutter, CD Langone, JJ McCracken, J Staples, B TI Evaluation of six commercial kits for detection of human immunoglobulin M antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; DIAGNOSIS; IGM AB As a result of reports received by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of false-positive results obtained with FDA-cleared in vitro diagnostic kits for the detection of Toxoplasma-specific human immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, an FDA-sponsored evaluation of six kits was performed, A battery of 258 serum specimens, including 30 specimens drawn 1 to 5 months after initial Toxoplasma infection and 228 specimens from Toxoplasma IgG-positive individuals, Toxoplasma IgG-negative individuals, rheumatoid factor-positive persons, and persons determined to be Toxoplasma IgM positive by commercially available assays, was assembled, randomly assorted, and coded. The battery was tested at the FDA with six commercially available hits, at the Pale Alto Medical Foundation (PAMF) by the PAMF double-sandwich IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PAMF IgM ELISA), and at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by the CDC EIA IgM. The results of the PAMF IgM ELISA that were obtained with the battery were considered to be the ''gold standard'' for this study; specificity rates were computed by considering the PAMF results to be 100% specific, Sensitivity and specificity rates were found to be as follows: CDC EIA IgM, 100 and 99.1%, respectively; Abbott IMx Toro IgM, version 1, 100 and 77.5%, respectively; Abbott IMx Toro IgM, version 2, 93.3 and 97.3%, respectively; Abbott Toxo-M EIA, 100 and 84.2%, respectively; BioMerieux Vitek VIDAS Toro IgM, 100 and 98.6%, respectively; BioWhittaker Toxocap-M, 100 and 95.9%, respectively; Gull Toxo IgM, 97 and 85.6%, respectively; and Sanofi Diagnostics Pasteur Platelia Toro IgM, 100 and 96.8%, respectively, Although the extent of false-positive reactions with these kits cannot be calculated because the study was retrospective and sample choices were biased, the results may be useful as an indicator of the relative specificities of these kits. C1 PALO ALTO MED FDN,RES INST,DEPT IMMUNOL & INFECT DIS,PALO ALTO,CA 94301. US FDA,WINCHESTER ENGN & ANALYT CTR,WINCHESTER,MA. US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP Wilson, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MS F-13,4770 BUDFORD HWY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 14 TC 79 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 35 IS 12 BP 3112 EP 3115 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YG967 UT WOS:A1997YG96700019 PM 9399504 ER PT J AU Kao, GL Tsai, CM AF Kao, GL Tsai, CM TI Detection of lipopolysaccharides electroblotted onto membranes SO JOURNAL OF ENDOTOXIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYACRYLAMIDE AB Specific detection of LPS on nylon, as described in a previously published method (Chen W.H., Balakonis P., Tsai C-M. Detection of lipopolysaccharides blotted on nylon membranes. J Endotoxin Res 1995; 2. 405-410), has been performed with Amersham's Hybond-N. The current reformulated Hybond-N nylon membrane of Amersham did not work with the method. Magna nylon (Micron Separations Inc.) has been found as a successful substitute with results similar to that of the old Hybond-N. Incorporation of 0.05% SDS in the 25 mM Tris-192 mM glycine transfer buffer resulted in specific detection for LPS and proteins with a high content of carbohydrate. Such a phenomenon seems unique to nylon but not for PVDF and nitrocellulose. C1 US FDA, Div Bacterial Prod, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. RP Tsai, CM (reprint author), US FDA, Div Bacterial Prod, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bldg 29,Rm 514,HFM-428,1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MANEY PUBLISHING LTD PI LEEDS PA HUNDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0968-0519 J9 J ENDOTOXIN RES JI J. Endoxtin Res. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 4 IS 6 BP 459 EP 462 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA ZX307 UT WOS:000074502300010 ER PT J AU Oravecz, T Pall, M Roderiquez, G Gorrell, MD Ditto, M Nguyen, NY Boykins, R Unsworth, E Norcross, MA AF Oravecz, T Pall, M Roderiquez, G Gorrell, MD Ditto, M Nguyen, NY Boykins, R Unsworth, E Norcross, MA TI Regulation of the receptor specificity and function of the chemokine RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26)-mediated cleavage SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STIMULATING FACTOR; MOLECULAR-CLONING; HIV-1 ENTRY; CD26; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; FUSION; CHEMOATTRACTANT; 7-TRANSMEMBRANE; PROTEINS AB CD26 is a leukocyte activation marker that possesses dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity but whose natural substrates and immunological functions have not been clearly defined. Several chemokines, including RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), have now been shown to be substrates for recombinant soluble human CD26. The truncated RANTES(3-68) lacked the ability of native RANTES(1-68) to increase the cytosolic calcium concentration in human monocytes, but still induced this response in macrophages activated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Analysis of chemokine receptor messenger RNAs and patterns of desensitization of chemokine responses showed that the differential activity of the truncated molecule results from an altered receptor specificity. RANTES(3-68) showed a reduced activity, relative to that of RANTES(1-68), with cells expressing the recombinant CCR1 chemokine receptor, but retained the ability to stimulate CCR5 receptors and to inhibit the cytopathic effects of HIV-1. Our results indicate that CD26-mediated processing together with cell activation-induced changes in receptor expression provides an integrated mechanism for differential cell recruitment and for the regulation of target cell specificity of RANTES, and possibly other chemokines. C1 NIH,DIV HEMATOL PROD,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,DIV ALLERGEN PROD & PARASITOL,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,FACIL BIOTECHNOL RESOURCES,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. ROYAL PRINCE ALFRED HOSP,AW MORROW GASTROENTEROL & LIVER CTR,NEWTOWN,NSW 2042,AUSTRALIA. UNIV SYDNEY,CENTENARY INST CANC MED & CELL BIOL,NEWTOWN,NSW 2042,AUSTRALIA. OI Gorrell, Mark/0000-0002-0528-2604 NR 36 TC 296 Z9 298 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 186 IS 11 BP 1865 EP 1872 DI 10.1084/jem.186.11.1865 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YK681 UT WOS:A1997YK68100008 PM 9382885 ER PT J AU Fraser, DB Tomlinson, J Turner, J Satzger, RD AF Fraser, DB Tomlinson, J Turner, J Satzger, RD TI Determination of undeclared prescription drugs in black pearl products SO JOURNAL OF FOOD AND DRUG ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE black pearls; Food and Drug Administration; prescription drugs ID IDENTIFICATION AB Black Pearls are a type of Chinese herbal preparation generally marketed to American consumers suffering from arthritis and back pain. Their importation and sale in the United States has been banned by the Food and Drug Administration since the 1970s. However, they are still available by mail order and occasionally in specialty shops. The FDA is concerned over the use of black pearls because some products have been adulterated with undeclared prescription drugs. Using a combination of GC/MS and HPLC to analyze methanol/ether extracts of black pearl products, we have detected the following prescription drugs: diazepam, diclofenac, hydrochIorothiazide, indomethacin and mefenamic acid. The levels and combinations of drugs present varied significantly, even within the same manufacturer and the presence or absence of the drugs was not consistent within different packages of the same product. Because of the adulteration and lack of control in the contents of these products, the FDA is actively trying to stop the sale and use of black pearls in the United States. C1 US FDA, Forens Chem Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL LABORATORIES FOODS DRUGS PI NANKANG, TAIPEI PA DEPT HEALTH, EXECUTIVE YUAN, 161-2 KUEN YANG ST DR. ERICK T. SUEN, DEPUTY DIR., NANKANG, TAIPEI, TAIWAN SN 1021-9498 J9 J FOOD DRUG ANAL JI J. Food Drug Anal. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 5 IS 4 BP 329 EP 335 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Food Science & Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YR044 UT WOS:000071452000010 ER PT J AU Hoffman, CA Wagner, DE Tatini, S AF Hoffman, CA Wagner, DE Tatini, S TI Comparative study of recovery of Salmonella javiana from mozzarella cheese by two official analytical procedures SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Salmonella javiana; mozzarella cheese; enrichment methods ID PREENRICHMENT; FOODS AB The Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and the Canadian Health Protection Branch (CHPB) methods for detection of Salmonella spp. were compared for recovery of Salmonella javiana from experimentally contaminated mozzarella cheese. Ten trials were conducted with two levels of random surface contamination of cheese. Five samples per level of contamination were randomly chosen and analyzed by each method. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two methods (P < 0.05). When S. javiana was directly added to shredded cheese and analyzed immediately, the recovery was identical with both methods; 7 of 10 samples were positive by each method. However, when the directly contaminated cheese was stored for 7 days and analyzed by both methods, the results differed. The AOAC method showed only 3 positive samples, whereas the CHPB yielded 6, compared to 7 positive samples before storage by both methods. During preenrichment the pH decreased to a greater extent with the AOAC method (7.4 to 4.4) than with the CHPB method (7.6 to 5.7) in 24 h; this pH decrease resulted in 1 log higher number of S. javiana counts in the latter (10(6) CFU/ml and 10(7) ml). C1 US FDA, Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hoffman, CA (reprint author), US FDA, 240 Hennepin Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 60 IS 12 BP 1493 EP 1496 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA YQ746 UT WOS:000071419100004 ER PT J AU Kopecko, DJ AF Kopecko, DJ TI Regulatory considerations for Campylobacter vaccine development SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NIH Workshop on Development of Guillain-Barre Syndrome Following Campylobacter Infection CY AUG 26-27, 1996 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NIH, NIAID, NIDDS, FDA, US Dept Defense AB The high, worldwide incidence of Campylobacter jejuni-associated diarrheal disease has recently prompted the development of anti-Campylobacter vaccines. However, the association of C. jejuni infections with subsequent development of Guillain-Barre syndrome has increased concerns from a pathogenesis standpoint and from a vaccine development and regulation standpoint. This brief overview describes the purpose and process of Food and Drug Administration review of vaccine products and highlights some important considerations pertinent to Campylobacter vaccine development. RP Kopecko, DJ (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,LAB ENTER & STDS,OVRR,DIV BACTERIAL PROD,HFM440,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 176 SU 2 BP S189 EP S191 DI 10.1086/513797 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YH506 UT WOS:A1997YH50600022 PM 9396709 ER PT J AU Dennis, JE AF Dennis, JE TI Amendments to the Center for Devices and Radiological Health Federal Performance Standard for laser products SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser safety; laser product standards; United States Food and Drug Administration AB Federal law requires that all laser products that are imported into or introduced into commerce in the United States comply with the performance standard published in the Code of Federal Regulations (CRF), Title 21, Parts 1040.10 and 1040.11, administered by the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), US Food and Drug Administration. Although it contains somewhat different requirements for hazard classification, engineering controls and labeling, the ANSI Z136.1 standard defers to the CDRH standard. The CDRH standard became effective in August, 1976 and was amended, in 1978 and also in 1985. In the early 1990s, US experts met to formulate an approach to bring the requirements of the CDRH standard and those of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard, IEC 825, into closer agreement in order to lower barriers to international trade and to remove any excessive compliance burdens on manufacturers. In 1993, the CDRH published, formally in the Federal Register and informally, a Notice of Intent to amend the CDRH standard. Responses to those notices have now been analyzed and informal draft amendments were distributed in 1996. This draft is now being prepared for formal issuance as a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. Meanwhile, the IEC standard was amended in 1993 and republished as IEC 825-1; these amendments created considerable controversy since they resulted in over classification of the hazard of many products, especially light emitting diodes (LEDs) that have a large divergence and increased source dimensions, Additional amendments are now being developed to correct this problem. The CDRH has carefully monitored developments in the IEC and actively participated in its proceedings as a guide in developing its own proposal. This paper describes the major changes that are being proposed for the CDRH standard and presents some rationale for the major changes. The more significant changes include expansion of applicability to include LEDs, reduced emission durations for classification, revised measurement procedures for hazard classification, reduced performance requirements for lower power visible radiation products, and revised requirements for medical products. C1 US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Dennis, JE (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 9 IS 6 BP 301 EP 305 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA YT331 UT WOS:000071590700006 PM 10176360 ER PT J AU Stewart, CW Bowyer, JF Slikker, W AF Stewart, CW Bowyer, JF Slikker, W TI Elevated environmental temperatures can induce hyperthermia during d-fenfluramine exposure and enhance 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) depletion in the brain SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID SEROTONERGIC NERVE-TERMINALS; TRANSPORTER MESSENGER-RNA; RAT-BRAIN; SUBSTITUTED AMPHETAMINES; D-NORFENFLURAMINE; NEUROTOXICITY; METHAMPHETAMINE; MECHANISMS; RELEASE; AUTISM AB d-Fenfluramine (d-Fen) has been demonstrated to alter body temperature (BT), decrease 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and decrease 5-HT plasma membrane transporters (PMT) in rats. Therefore, experiments were designed to test whether a correlation existed between elevated BT and brain 5-HT depletions. It was hypothesized that d-Fen would induce hyperthermia if the environmental temperature was elevated. Experiments were conducted to determine 1) the dose-response of d-Fen on BT in a 28 degrees C; environment, 2) the acute effect of d-Fen on long-term depletion of 5-HT and 5-HT PMT in a 4 degrees C, 22 degrees C or 28 degrees C environment and 3) the effect of a 22 degrees C environment vs, a 28 degrees C environment on the plasma levels of d-Fen and d-norfenfluramine, d-Fen produced a dose-dependent elevation of BT in the 28 degrees C environment, decreased BT in the 4 degrees C environment and had no effect on BT in the 22 degrees C environment. Exposure to d-Fen in the 4 degrees C or 22 degrees C environment reduced 5-HT and 5-HT PMT concentrations compared with control. However, greater reductions of 5-HT and 5-HT PMT concentrations occurred in the 28 degrees C environment. Conversely, the plasma levels of d-Fen and d-norfenfluramine were not altered. Thus these experiments demonstrate that increased BT during d-Fen exposure occurs at elevated environmental temperatures without altering the plasma concentrations of the drug and results in an enhanced long-term depletion of brain 5-HT and 5-HT PMT. C1 Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Neurotoxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Slikker, W (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Neurotoxicol, HFT-132,3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 283 IS 3 BP 1144 EP 1150 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YM806 UT WOS:000071102900021 PM 9399987 ER PT J AU Riviere, JE MartinJimenez, T Sundlof, SF Craigmill, AL AF Riviere, JE MartinJimenez, T Sundlof, SF Craigmill, AL TI Interspecies allometric analysis of the comparative pharmacokinetics of 44 drugs across veterinary and laboratory animal species SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA HALF-LIFE; CYTOCHROME-P450; METABOLISM; GENTAMICIN; SUBFAMILY; LIVER; DOG AB The purpose of this study was to apply the method of allometric analysis to a study of the comparative disposition of veterinary drugs using the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) as a source of the comparative pharmacokinetic data. An initial filtration of the FARAD data was performed in order to exclude drugs for which no pharmacokinetic data were available, in at least four species the route of administration was other than intravenous, and the matrix was different from blood, plasma or serum. This process restricted the study to a total of 44 candidate drugs, The primary pharmacokinetic parameter selected for study was half-life (t(1/2)) As this parameter is a composite of clearance (Cl) and volume of distribution (Vd), it was considered to be the most robust for interspecies scaling. Volume of distribution at steady state (Vd(ss)) and clearance showed weak allometric correlations with weight across species. The relationships between body weight and elimination half-life (t(1/2 beta)) were determined for this selected group of drugs by using the empirically determined function Y = a W-b. The function Y represents the parameter of concern (half-life), a is a coefficient typical of every drug (intercept), W is the species average body weight, and b is the scaling exponent. A total of 11 drugs (tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, erythromycin, diazepam, prednisolone, cephapirin, ampicillin, gentamicin, apramycin and carbenicillin) showed statistically significant correlations and consequently are excellent candidates for interspecies extrapolation of pharmacokinetic parameters (half-life) in species of relevance to veterinary medicine, The remaining 33 drugs were divided into two groups which showed various degrees of lack of correlation, Many of the drugs that showed no allometric correlation were low hepatic extraction drugs, However, some other drugs demonstrated equivocal results which could either be due to a true lack of allometric correlation, or be inconclusive due to the lack of quality data or excessive variability due to the multi-laboratory origin of the FARAD data. The results of this study show that interspecies scaling is applicable to certain veterinary drugs, The experimental determination of the coefficients of the allometric equation for relevant pharmacokinetic parameters (clearance and volume of distribution) could be an important tool in estimating dose in species where the drug has never been studied, This could have important consequences in terms of avoiding the use of dose-titration studies in Phase I of drug development, for drugs that are experimentally 'well behaved'. C1 US FDA,CTR VET MED,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP Riviere, JE (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,4700 HILLSBOROUGH ST,RALEIGH,NC 27606, USA. RI Riviere, Jim/A-9210-2008 OI Riviere, Jim/0000-0001-8412-9650 NR 25 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0140-7783 J9 J VET PHARMACOL THER JI J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 20 IS 6 BP 453 EP 463 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2885.1997.00095.x PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences GA YK480 UT WOS:A1997YK48000006 PM 9430769 ER PT J AU Arani, RB Rao, MB AF Arani, RB Rao, MB TI A result on a 2x2 survival experiment SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LIKELIHOOD; EXISTENCE AB Lifetime data classified according to categorical variables under the proportionality of the hazard functions of response variables for various treatment combinations is assumed. The proposed model is a combination of Cox's proportional hazards model and ANOVA model. The existence of a solution to the marginal likelihood function is examined for the case of 2x2 two-way classification. We provide an easily verifiable condition for the existence of a unique estimate. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,FARGO,ND 58105. RP Arani, RB (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV BIOMETRY & RISK ASSESSMENT,3900 NCTR DR,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 146 IS 2 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1016/S0025-5564(97)00048-5 PG 11 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA YB603 UT WOS:A1997YB60300001 PM 9348739 ER PT J AU Boone, JM Fewell, TR Jennings, RJ AF Boone, JM Fewell, TR Jennings, RJ TI Molybdenum, rhodium, and tungsten anode spectral models using interpolating polynomials with application to mammography SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE x-ray production; x-ray spectrum; mammography; computer simulation; computer modeling ID X-RAY-SPECTRA; DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY; SEMIEMPIRICAL MODEL; RECONSTRUCTION; OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE; DEPENDENCE; SIMULATION; SHAPE AB Computer simulation is a convenient and frequently used tool in the study of x-ray mammography, for the design of novel detector systems, the evaluation of dose deposition, x-ray technique optimization, and other applications. An important component in the simulation process is the accurate computer-generation of x-ray spectra. A computer model for the generation of x-ray spectra in the mammographic energy range from 18 kV to 40 kV has been developed. The proposed model requires no assumptions concerning the physics of x-ray production in an x-ray tube, but rather makes use of x-ray spectra recently measured experimentally in the laboratories of the Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Using x-ray spectra measured for molybdenum, rhodium, and tungsten anode x-ray tubes at 13 different kV's (18, 20, 22,...,42 kV), a spectral model using interpolating polynomials was developed. At each energy in the spectrum, the x-ray photon fluence was fit using 2, 3, or 4 term (depending on the energy) polynomials as a function of the applied tube voltage (kV). Using the polynomial fit coefficients determined at each 0.5 keV interval in the x-ray spectrum, accurate x-ray spectra can be generated for any arbitrary kV between 18 and 40 kV. Each anode material (Mo, Rh, W) uses a different set of polynomial coefficients. The molybdenum anode spectral model using interpolating polynomials is given the acronym MASMIP, and the rhodium and tungsten spectral models are called RASMIP and TASMIP, respectively. It is shown that the mean differences in photon fluence calculated over the energy channels and over the kV range from 20 to 40 kV were -0.073% (sigma= 1.58%) for MASMIP, -0.145% (sigma= 1.263%) for RASMIP, and 0.611% (sigma= 2.07%) for TASMIP. The polynomial coefficients for all three models are given in an Appendix. A short C subroutine which uses the polynomial coefficients and generates x-ray spectra based on the proposed model is available on the World Wide Web at http://www.aip.org/epaps/epaps.html. (C) 1997 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. US FDA, Ctr Devices Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Boone, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, FOLB 2E,2421 45th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. NR 25 TC 329 Z9 334 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1863 EP 1874 DI 10.1118/1.598100 PG 12 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YM376 UT WOS:000071057400005 PM 9434969 ER PT J AU Li, BG Koch, WH Cebula, TA AF Li, BG Koch, WH Cebula, TA TI Detection and characterization of the fimA gene of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE fimA; fimbriae; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP); E-coli O157 : H7 ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CAUSE HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DNA-PROBE; TOXIN-II; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; SEROTYPE O157-H7; EAE GENE AB An expected 850-bp DNA fragment containing fimA, the structural gene for type 1 fimbriae, and flan king sequences was amplified from 39 (of 46) pathogenic and commensal strains of Escherichia coli using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the amplified products showed 13 HinPI and four Sau961 restriction profiles among these 39 E. coli strains, revealing the polymorphic nature of this allele. A unique RFLP pattern was shared by E. coli O157:H7, O157:H- and a few 055 serotype strains. DNA sequence analysis of the fimA region demonstrated that E. coli O157:H7 strain 933 and O157:H- strain E32511 contained identical DNA sequences that were distinct from other E. coli strains, especially a 16-bp sequence 5' to fimA that was conspicuously absent only in E. coli O157 strains. Exploiting these differences, a PCR assay was developed that amplifies a 936-bp fragment from all E. coli O157:H7 strains examined to date. This PCR assay offers a simple, rapid, and reliable means to detect E. coli strains of the O157:H7 serotype. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 US FDA, Mol Biol Branch, Div Mol Biol Res & Evaluat, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Li, BG (reprint author), US FDA, Mol Biol Branch, Div Mol Biol Res & Evaluat, Washington, DC 20204 USA. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 6 BP 397 EP 406 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1997.0132 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA YY052 UT WOS:000072107400002 PM 9500807 ER PT J AU Wang, RF Cao, WW Cerniglia, CE AF Wang, RF Cao, WW Cerniglia, CE TI Phylogenetic analysis and identification of Shigella spp. by molecular probes SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE Shigella; phylogenetic identification; probes ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SEQUENCE; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; CLOSTRIDIUM; FLEXNERI; STRAINS; FOOD AB Oligonucleotide probes were used for identification of Shigella and analysis of the relationship between Shigella spp. and Escherichia coli. Probe-based PCRs shown cross-reactions from Shigella to E. coli. Probe-based 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed the four species of Shigella: Sh. dysenteriae, Sh. boydii, Sh. sonnei, and Sh. flexneri, formed a cluster with E. coli. Shigella flexneri and Sh. sonnei are even more similar to E. coli than to the other two Shigella species. These results confirmed an earlier recommendation that the four species of Shigella and E. coli should be classified as five sub-groups within a single species. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Microbiol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Wang, RF (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Microbiol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 6 BP 427 EP 432 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1997.0136 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA YY052 UT WOS:000072107400004 PM 9500811 ER PT J AU Zaitseva, M Blauvelt, A Lee, S Lapham, CK Klaus-Kovtun, V Mostowski, H Manischewitz, J Golding, H AF Zaitseva, M Blauvelt, A Lee, S Lapham, CK Klaus-Kovtun, V Mostowski, H Manischewitz, J Golding, H TI Expression and function of CCR5 and CXCR4 on human Langerhans cells and macrophages: Implications for HIV primary infection SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; DENDRITIC CELLS; RHESUS MACAQUES; LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; GENITAL-TRACT; TRANSMISSION; ANTIGEN; BLOOD; REPLICATION; VARIANTS AB Transmission of HIV-1 is predominantly restricted to macrophage (M Phi)-tropic strains. Langerhans cells (LCs) in mucosal epithelium, as well as macrophages located in the submucosal tissues, may be initial targets for HIV-1. This study was designed to determine whether restricted transmission of HIV-1 correlates with expression and function of HIV-1 co-receptors on LCs and macrophages. Using polyclonal rabbit IgGs specific for the HIV co-receptors cytokines CXCR4 and CCR5, we found that freshly isolated epidermal LCs (resembling resident mucosal LCs) expressed CCR5, but not CXCR, on their surfaces. In concordance with surface expression, fresh LCs fused with M Phi-tropic but not with T-tropic HIV-1 envelopes. However, fresh LCs did contain intracellular CXCR4 protein that was transported to the surface during in vitro culture. Macrophages expressed high levels of both co-receptors on their surfaces, but only CCR5 was functional in a fusion assay. These data provide several possible explanations for the selective transmission of M Phi-tropic HIV variants and for the resistance to infection conferred by the CCR5 deletion. C1 US FDA, Div Viral Prod, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Div Cell & Gene Therapy, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Dermatol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Golding, H (reprint author), US FDA, Div Viral Prod, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bldg 29B,Room 4NN04,HFM 454,8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 43 TC 287 Z9 291 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1369 EP 1375 DI 10.1038/nm1297-1369 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YZ389 UT WOS:000072249500033 PM 9396607 ER PT J AU Page, WF Braun, MM Partin, AW Caporaso, N Walsh, P AF Page, WF Braun, MM Partin, AW Caporaso, N Walsh, P TI Heredity and prostate cancer: A study of World War II veteran twins SO PROSTATE LA English DT Article DE genetics; twin concordance; epidemiology ID FAMILY HISTORY; RISK; POPULATION AB BACKGROUND. Increased risk of prostate cancer among men with a family history of the disease has been observed in several epidemiological studies, and family studies have identified hereditary prostate cancer characterized by early onset and autosomal dominant inheritance. METHODS. In this study, we examine prostate cancer heritability among twins in the NAS-NRC Twin Registry, with cases ascertained from a number of sources: recent telephone interviews, Medicare and Department of Veterans Affairs hospitalizations, previous mail questionnaires, and death certificates. A total of 1,009 prostate cancer cases were identified among the cohort of 31,848 veteran twins born in the years 1917-1927. RESULTS. Probandwise concordance for prostate cancer was substantially higher among monozygous twin pairs, 27.1%, than among dizygous twin pairs, 7.1% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS. These data suggest that genetic influences account for approximately 57%, and environmental influences for 43%, of the variability in twin liability for prostate cancer. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV BIOSTAT & EPIDEMIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. JOHNS HOPKINS MED INST,JAMES BUCHANAN BRADY UROL INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. NCI,GENET EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,NIH,BETHESDA,MD. RP Page, WF (reprint author), NATL ACAD SCI,MED FOLLOW UP AGCY,INST MED,2101 CONSTITUT AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20418, USA. NR 23 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0270-4137 J9 PROSTATE JI Prostate PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 33 IS 4 BP 240 EP 245 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology GA YJ508 UT WOS:A1997YJ50800003 PM 9397195 ER PT J AU Gaylor, DW Axelrad, JA Brown, RP Cavagnaro, JA Cyr, WH Hulebak, KL Lorentzen, RJ Miller, MA Mulligan, LT Schwetz, BA AF Gaylor, DW Axelrad, JA Brown, RP Cavagnaro, JA Cyr, WH Hulebak, KL Lorentzen, RJ Miller, MA Mulligan, LT Schwetz, BA TI Health risk assessment practices in the US Food and Drug Administration SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANCER RISK; CARCINOGENESIS; MODEL; UNCERTAINTY; EXPOSURES; RESPONSES; TOXICITY; RATES AB The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates a wide variety of consumer products. Safety issues involve chemical and microbial contaminants in food, biologics, and medical devices; side effects from prescription and nonprescription drugs; residues of animal drugs in food; and radiation from electronic devices. Because of this wide diversity, the legal standards, rules, and policies governing the regulation of these products differ considerably. Hence, risk assessment and risk management practices within the FDA are of necessity quite diverse. This paper presents a summary of risk assessment practices at each of the product centers of the FDA (Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, and Center for Veterinary Medicine) and of the development of risk assessment procedures at the National Center for Toxicological Research. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 EI 1096-0295 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 BP 307 EP 321 DI 10.1006/rtph.1997.1156 PG 15 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YV364 UT WOS:000071815800007 PM 9441921 ER PT J AU Dragunsky, E Chernokhvostova, Y Taffs, R Chumakov, K Gardner, D Asher, D Nomura, T Hioki, K Levenbook, I AF Dragunsky, E Chernokhvostova, Y Taffs, R Chumakov, K Gardner, D Asher, D Nomura, T Hioki, K Levenbook, I TI TgPVR21 mice for testing type-3 oral poliovirus vaccines: role of clinical observation and histological examination SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE transgenic mice; oral poliovirus vaccine; neurovirulence ID SENSITIVE TRANSGENIC MICE; NEUROVIRULENCE TEST; MONKEY TEST; MODEL; RECEPTOR; SEQUENCE; VIRUS AB Transgenic mice susceptible to poliovirus (TgPVR mice) have been used to study poliovirus neurovirulence and attenuation. It was shown recently that mouse line TgPVR21 may be a suitable model to evaluate neurovirulence safety of oral poliovirus vaccine. It was important to determine whether TgPVR21 mice are sensitive enough to discriminate between type-3 reference and 'marginal' vaccines, i.e. those that failed the monkey test while containing only slightly increased amounts of neurovirulent revertants at position 472 of the viral genome as measured by a molecular assay MAPREC. Data presented here demonstrate that TgPVR21 mice are not less sensitive than monkeys in the detection of marginal vaccines. In contrast to the monkey neurovirulence test, which is based on histological examination of the CNS, the TgPVR21 mouse neurovirulence test revealed marginal vaccines by simple analysis of clinical signs without requiring a laborious histological examination. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CENT INST EXPT ANIM,KAWASAKI,KANAGAWA 216,JAPAN. RP Dragunsky, E (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 17-18 BP 1863 EP 1866 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(97)00142-4 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YJ428 UT WOS:A1997YJ42800010 PM 9413095 ER PT J AU Sankoh, AJ Huque, MF Dubey, SD AF Sankoh, AJ Huque, MF Dubey, SD TI Some comments on frequently used multiple endpoint adjustment methods in clinical trials SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TESTS; DRUG AB Confirmatory clinical trials often classify clinical response variables into primary and secondary endpoints. The presence of two or more primary endpoints in a clinical trial usually means that some adjustments of the observed p-values for multiplicity of tests may be required for the control of the type I error rate. In this paper, we discuss statistical concerns associated with some commonly used multiple endpoint adjustment procedures. We also present limited Monte Carlo simulation results to demonstrate the performance of selected p-value-based methods in protecting the type I error rate. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RP Sankoh, AJ (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV BIOMETR,HFD 720,5600 FISHERS LANE,9B-07,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 22 TC 454 Z9 457 U1 2 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD NOV 30 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 22 BP 2529 EP 2542 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19971130)16:22<2529::AID-SIM692>3.0.CO;2-J PG 14 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA YG248 UT WOS:A1997YG24800002 PM 9403954 ER PT J AU Merta, A Aksamit, RR Cantoni, GL AF Merta, A Aksamit, RR Cantoni, GL TI The rat S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase promoter SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID L-HOMOCYSTEINE HYDROLASE; GENE AB The 1,2-kb DNA sequence flanking the transcription start of the AdoHcy hydrolase gene was cloned into the luciferase reporter plasmid pGL3-basic, and promoter activity was measured in transiently transfected CHO cells. Deletion analysis showed that most promoter activity was located within a 153 bp fragment immediately upstream from the predominant transcription start. The 153 bp fragment includes sites for AP-2, glucocorticoid-responsive element, SP-1, and a TATA-like sequence TATTTAAA, Mutational analysis demonstrated that the SP-1 site nearest the start of transcription contributed significantly to promoter activity, whereas, the other elements, including the appropriately positioned TATTTAAA sequence, had little affect on promoter activity. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 US FDA,LAB CELLULAR HEMATOL,DIV HEMATOL,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,HFM 335,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIMH,LAB GEN & COMPARAT BIOCHEM,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD NOV 26 PY 1997 VL 240 IS 3 BP 580 EP 585 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7704 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA YK696 UT WOS:A1997YK69600012 PM 9398607 ER PT J AU Kahn, LH Alderfer, RJ Graham, DJ AF Kahn, LH Alderfer, RJ Graham, DJ TI Seizures reported with tramadol SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP Kahn, LH (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 4 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 26 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 20 BP 1661 EP 1661 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YG859 UT WOS:A1997YG85900024 PM 9388083 ER PT J AU Feller, SE Venable, RM Pastor, RW AF Feller, SE Venable, RM Pastor, RW TI Computer simulation of a DPPC phospholipid bilayer: Structural changes as a function of molecular surface area SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE MODEL MEMBRANES; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LIPID BILAYER; LIQUID/LIQUID INTERFACES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; CONSTANT-PRESSURE; TENSION; CONFORMATION; PARAMETERS AB A series of molecular dynamics computer simulations have been carried out on fully hydrated Liquid crystalline dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers at constant surface areas corresponding to 59.3, 62.9, 65.5, or 68.1 A(2)/lipid, the range of values suggested by different experiments in different laboratories. Simulated quantities are compared with those from NMR (deuterium order parameters and contribution of molecular tilt to the order parameter), X-ray scattering (D-spacings and detailed density profiles), and partial molar volumes. The results strongly support the value of 62.9 Angstrom(2)/DPPC recently proposed by Nagle et al. (Biophys. J. 1996, 70, 1419) and demonstrate the feasibility of a combined experimental, and simulation-based approach for determining membrane structure. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BIOPHYS LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. WHITMAN COLL,DEPT CHEM,WALLA WALLA,WA 99362. NR 34 TC 147 Z9 147 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 26 PY 1997 VL 13 IS 24 BP 6555 EP 6561 DI 10.1021/la970746j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA YJ331 UT WOS:A1997YJ33100037 ER PT J AU Black, HR Cohen, JD Kaplan, NM Ferdinand, KC Chobanian, AV Dustan, HP Gifford, RW Moser, M Sheps, SG Agodoa, L August, PA Bakris, GL Burt, V Busse, W Carter, BL Chesley, FD Cleeman, J Cohn, JN Cregler, LL Crespo, C Cushman, WC Cutler, J Darrow, MD DeQuattro, VL Devereux, RB Dworkin, LD Elliott, WJ Epstein, M Falkner, B Ferrario, CM Flack, JM Frishman, W Frohlich, ED Green, LA Grimm, RH Hagberg, JM Hall, WD Handler, J Havas, S Hill, MN Horan, MJ Hsueh, WA Hyman, BN Izzo, JL Jamerson, K Kiley, JP Kochar, MS Kolasa, KM Krakoff, LR Levy, D Lindheimer, MD Luepker, RV Malone, MEL Massie, B Materson, BJ Merchant, J Messerli, FH Miller, NH Moore, MA MustoneAlexander, L Oparil, S Perry, HM Pickering, TG Pratt, JH Ram, CVS Randall, OS Reed, JW Roberts, RW Roccella, EJ Rogus, SD Saunders, E Schron, E Schwartz, G Sibai, BM Snyder, D Sowers, JR Stamler, J Temple, R Textor, S Thom, T Vidt, DG Weber, M Weinberger, MH Weinshilboum, R Whelton, PK Whisnant, JP Wiebers, DO Winston, MC Wright, JT Lenfant, C Casser, L Colman, PJ Edwards, T Feeley, DM Gajewski, J Levine, D Manger, W Marshall, EC Nickey, WA Robert, RW Secrest, BG Singer, EH Whisnant, JP Wilson, GJ Young, JM Bachman, JW Campese, VM Carr, AA Hand, M Holden, DC Jamieson, MJ Julius, S Mensah, GA Prisant, M Sullivan, JM Wilson, DJ Morosco, G Anderson, DE Waugh, D AF Black, HR Cohen, JD Kaplan, NM Ferdinand, KC Chobanian, AV Dustan, HP Gifford, RW Moser, M Sheps, SG Agodoa, L August, PA Bakris, GL Burt, V Busse, W Carter, BL Chesley, FD Cleeman, J Cohn, JN Cregler, LL Crespo, C Cushman, WC Cutler, J Darrow, MD DeQuattro, VL Devereux, RB Dworkin, LD Elliott, WJ Epstein, M Falkner, B Ferrario, CM Flack, JM Frishman, W Frohlich, ED Green, LA Grimm, RH Hagberg, JM Hall, WD Handler, J Havas, S Hill, MN Horan, MJ Hsueh, WA Hyman, BN Izzo, JL Jamerson, K Kiley, JP Kochar, MS Kolasa, KM Krakoff, LR Levy, D Lindheimer, MD Luepker, RV Malone, MEL Massie, B Materson, BJ Merchant, J Messerli, FH Miller, NH Moore, MA MustoneAlexander, L Oparil, S Perry, HM Pickering, TG Pratt, JH Ram, CVS Randall, OS Reed, JW Roberts, RW Roccella, EJ Rogus, SD Saunders, E Schron, E Schwartz, G Sibai, BM Snyder, D Sowers, JR Stamler, J Temple, R Textor, S Thom, T Vidt, DG Weber, M Weinberger, MH Weinshilboum, R Whelton, PK Whisnant, JP Wiebers, DO Winston, MC Wright, JT Lenfant, C Casser, L Colman, PJ Edwards, T Feeley, DM Gajewski, J Levine, D Manger, W Marshall, EC Nickey, WA Robert, RW Secrest, BG Singer, EH Whisnant, JP Wilson, GJ Young, JM Bachman, JW Campese, VM Carr, AA Hand, M Holden, DC Jamieson, MJ Julius, S Mensah, GA Prisant, M Sullivan, JM Wilson, DJ Morosco, G Anderson, DE Waugh, D TI The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; LEFT-VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION; CONVERTING ENZYME-INHIBITION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; FOLLOW-UP PROGRAM; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE C1 NHLBI, INFORMAT CTR, NATL HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE EDUC PROGRAM, BETHESDA, MD 20894 USA. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN, MAYO MED SCH, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA. RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA. ST LOUIS UNIV, HLTH SCI CTR, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA. UNIV TEXAS, SW MED SCH, DALLAS, TX 75230 USA. HEARTBEATS LIFE CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA USA. BOSTON UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. UNIV VERMONT, COLL MED, BURLINGTON, VT 05405 USA. CLEVELAND CLIN FDN, CLEVELAND, OH 44195 USA. YALE UNIV, SCH MED, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 USA. NIDDK, BETHESDA, MD USA. NEW YORK HOSP, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA. NATL CTR HLTH STAT, HYATTSVILLE, MD 20782 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DENVER, CO 80202 USA. US DEPT HHS, AGCY HLTH CARE POLICY & RES, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, SCH MED, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA. CUNY, SCH MED, NEW YORK, NY 10031 USA. UNIV TENNESSEE, COLL MED, MEMPHIS, TN USA. E CAROLINA UNIV, SCH MED, GREENVILLE, NC 27858 USA. UNIV SO CALIF, MED CTR, LOS ANGELES, CA 90089 USA. CORNELL UNIV, MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA. RHODE ISL HOSP, PROVIDENCE, RI USA. UNIV MIAMI, SCH MED, MIAMI, FL USA. ALLEGHENY UNIV HLTH SCI, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19102 USA. WAKE FOREST UNIV, BOWMAN GRAY SCH MED, WINSTON SALEM, NC USA. MONTEFIORE MED CTR, ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED, BRONX, NY 10467 USA. ALTON OCHSNER MED FDN & OCHSNER CLIN, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70121 USA. UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. EMORY UNIV, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. KAISER PERMANENTE, ANAHEIM, CA USA. UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. BAYLOR COLL MED, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. SUNY BUFFALO, BUFFALO, NY 14260 USA. MED COLL WISCONSIN, MILWAUKEE, WI 53226 USA. E CAROLINA UNIV, SCH MED, GREENVILLE, NC 27858 USA. ENGLEWOOD HOSP, ENGLEWOOD, CO USA. NHLBI, FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY, BETHESDA, MD 20894 USA. UNIV CHICAGO HOSP, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA. JEFFERSON COMMUNITY COLL, LOUISVILLE, KY USA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM, WASHINGTON, DC USA. STANFORD CARDIAC REHABIL PROGRAM, PALO ALTO, CA USA. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, SCH MED & HLTH SCI, WASHINGTON, DC 20052 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, BIRMINGHAM, AL USA. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20422 USA. WASHINGTON UNIV, SCH MED, ST LOUIS, MO 63130 USA. INDIANA UNIV, SCH MED, INDIANAPOLIS, IN USA. UNIV TEXAS, SW MED CTR, DALLAS, TX USA. HOWARD UNIV HOSP, WASHINGTON, DC USA. MOREHOUSE SCH MED, ATLANTA, GA 30310 USA. VENCOR, LOUISVILLE, KY USA. US HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. WAYNE STATE UNIV, DETROIT, MI 48202 USA. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, SCH MED, CHICAGO, IL USA. US FDA, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. BROOKDALE HOSP, BROOKLYN, NY USA. TULANE UNIV, SCH PUBL HLTH & TROP MED, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118 USA. AMER HEART ASSOC, DALLAS, TX USA. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR HLTH STAT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. AMER OPTOMETR ASSOC, ST LOUIS, MO USA. US DEPT HHS, AGCY HLTH CARE POLICY & RES, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. AMER COLL PHYSICIANS, PHILADELPHIA, PA USA. AMER PODIATR MED ASSOC, BETHESDA, MD USA. NATL KIDNEY FDN, NEW YORK, NY USA. AMER RED CROSS, WASHINGTON, DC 20006 USA. NHLBI, AD HOC COMM MINOR POPULAT, BETHESDA, MD 20894 USA. AMER COLL CARDIOL, BETHESDA, MD USA. AMER MED ASSOC, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA. AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYS, KANSAS CITY, MO USA. AMER PUBL HLTH ASSOC, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA. AMER ACAD OPHTHALMOL, SAN FRANCISCO, CA USA. AMER NURSES ASSOC, WASHINGTON, DC 20024 USA. AMER ACAD PHYS ASSISTANTS, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA. AMER OSTEOPATH ASSOC, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA. US DEPT VET AFFAIRS, WASHINGTON, DC USA. AMER PHARMACEUT ASSOC, WASHINGTON, DC USA. AMER DENT ASSOC, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA. AMER COLL CHEST PHYS, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA. AMER DIABET ASSOC, ALEXANDRIA, VA USA. AMER ACAD NEUROL, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. AMER DIETET ASSOC, CHICAGO, IL USA. AMER COLL OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM MED, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA. AUGUSTA PREVENT CARDIOL, CIRCULATORY DIS CTR, AUGUSTA, GA USA. UNIV TEXAS, HLTH SCI CTR, SAN ANTONIO, TX USA. MED COLL GEORGIA, AUGUSTA, GA 30912 USA. ROW SCI INC, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. NR 252 TC 4449 Z9 4570 U1 4 U2 67 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 EI 1538-3679 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 24 PY 1997 VL 157 IS 21 BP 2413 EP 2446 PG 34 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YH222 UT WOS:A1997YH22200004 ER PT J AU Merchlinsky, M Eckert, D Smith, E Zauderer, M AF Merchlinsky, M Eckert, D Smith, E Zauderer, M TI Construction and characterization of vaccinia direct ligation vectors SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; CLONING; DNA; RECOMBINANTS; EXPRESSION; PROMOTERS; SELECTION; ANTIGEN; MARKER; GENOME AB Poxvirus vectors are extensively used as expression vehicles for protein and antigen expression in eukaryotic cells. Customarily, the foreign DNA is introduced into the poxvirus genome by homologous recombination. An alternative method using direct ligation vectors has been used to efficiently construct chimeric genomes in situations not readily amenable for homologous recombination. We describe the construction and characterization of a new set of direct ligation vectors designed to be universally applicable for the generation of chimeric vaccinia genomes. These vectors contain the pair of unique restriction sites Notl and Apal to eliminate religation of poxvirus arms and fix the orientation of the insert DNA behind strongly expressing constitutive vaccinia promoters. The insertion cassette has been placed at the beginning of the thymidine kinase gene in vaccinia to use drug selection in the isolation of recombinants. These viruses provide a set of universally applicable direct ligation poxvirus cloning vectors, extending the utility of poxvirus vectors for construction and expression of complex libraries. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,CTR CANC,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. RP Merchlinsky, M (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,VIRAL DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG08179] NR 18 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 24 PY 1997 VL 238 IS 2 BP 444 EP 451 DI 10.1006/viro.1997.8828 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA YK656 UT WOS:A1997YK65600027 PM 9400616 ER PT J AU Brown, SL Silverman, BG Berg, WA AF Brown, SL Silverman, BG Berg, WA TI Rupture of silicone-gel breast implants: causes, sequelae, and diagnosis SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID MAMMOGRAPHY; US; MR; COMPLICATIONS; AUGMENTATION; PROSTHESIS; SONOGRAPHY; MIGRATION; WOMEN AB Silicone-gel-filled breast implants have been widely used for breast augmentation and reconstruction after mastectomy. The rate of implant rupture and its sequelae are not known. We review the frequency, causes, sequelae, and detection of Implant rupture. Materials testing of removed implants provides evidence that as implants age in vivo, they weaken and may rupture. Sequelae of rupture include migration of gel accompanied by inflammation and silicone granuloma formation. The role of free silicone gel in relation to idiopathic or atypical connective tissue disease is not clear. Magnetic resonance imaging is substantially more sensitive in the detection of rupture than is mammography or ultrasonography. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT RADIOL,DIV BREAST IMAGING,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RP Brown, SL (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,OFF SURVEILLANCE & BIOMETR,1350 PICCARD DR,HFZ-541,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. OI Silverman, Barbara/0000-0002-0337-4919 NR 40 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 8 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 22 PY 1997 VL 350 IS 9090 BP 1531 EP 1537 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)03164-4 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YH115 UT WOS:A1997YH11500040 PM 9388410 ER PT J AU Garces, C RuizHidalgo, MJ deMora, JF Park, C Miele, L Goldstein, J Bonvini, E Porras, A Laborda, J AF Garces, C RuizHidalgo, MJ deMora, JF Park, C Miele, L Goldstein, J Bonvini, E Porras, A Laborda, J TI Notch-1 controls the expression of fatty acid-activated transcription factors and is required for adipogenesis SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ADIPOSE CELL-DIFFERENTIATION; BINDING-PROTEIN-ALPHA; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; RECEPTOR-GAMMA; 3T3-L1 CELLS; NEUROGENESIS; GENE; WINGLESS AB Notch, a transmembrane receptor member of the homeotic epidermal growth factor-like family of proteins, participates in cell-to-cell signaling to control cell fate during development, Activated Notch-1 constructs lacking the extracellular region prevent differentiation of several mammalian cells in vitro, This effect, however, bypasses the normal mechanisms of cell-to-cell interactions in which Notch-1 participates, We investigated the role of Notch-1. in the hormone-induced adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, a paradigmatic model of adipogenesis that requires cell-to-cell contact, Unlike other differentiation models, Notch-1 expression and function were necessary conditions for adipogenesis, Impaired Notch-1 expression by antisense Notch-1 constructs prevented adipocyte differentiation. Strategies aimed at blocking putative Notch/ligand interactions also blocked adipogenesis, implicating Notch as a critical molecule in cell-to-cell signaling necessary for differentiation, Inhibition of Notch-1 expression or function decreased the expression of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors delta and gamma, transcription factors that control adipocyte differentiation and that are up-regulated at cell confluence, These results implicate Notch in the commitment of 3T3-L1 cells to undergo adipogenesis by controlling the expression of the principal regulators of this process. C1 CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES,IMMUNOBIOL LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NCI,CELLULAR & MOL BIOL LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI Laborda, Jorge/L-5726-2014; Ruiz-Hidalgo, Maria/L-1956-2014; Font de Mora, Jaime/H-6304-2015; Porras, Almudena/N-2121-2015 OI Laborda, Jorge/0000-0002-9210-838X; Font de Mora, Jaime/0000-0002-6816-2095; Porras, Almudena/0000-0002-6495-3308 NR 59 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD NOV 21 PY 1997 VL 272 IS 47 BP 29729 EP 29734 DI 10.1074/jbc.272.47.29729 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YG647 UT WOS:A1997YG64700052 PM 9368042 ER PT J AU Dass, SB Ali, SF Heflich, RH Casciano, DA AF Dass, SB Ali, SF Heflich, RH Casciano, DA TI Frequency of spontaneous and induced micronuclei in the peripheral blood of aging mice SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE aging mouse; mutation; micronucleus; mitomycin C; micronucleated reticulocyte ID AGE-DEPENDENT ALTERATIONS; CLOFIBRATE-TREATED MICE; RAT-LIVER MICROSOMES; MITOMYCIN-C; SOMATIC MUTATION; MUTANT FREQUENCY; ACRIDINE-ORANGE; IN-VIVO; ACTIVATION; RETICULOCYTES AB The mouse peripheral blood micronucleus assay, a measure of DNA damage in erythroblastic cells, was used to determine: (I) the incidence of spontaneously occurring micronucleated reticulocytes (MNRETs) as a function of age, and (2) the induction of micronuclei following treatment of young and old animals with mitomycin C. Male C57BL/6 mice, 92 weeks of age, exhibited a significantly higher frequency of spontaneously occurring peripheral blood MNRETs than mice that were 6 or 10 weeks of age, Mice that were 5-6 weeks or 91-92 weeks old were treated with one dose, or two consecutive doses of mitomycin C; this resulted in dose-related increases in the frequency of MNRETs. Mitomycin C, at a single dose of I or 2 mg/kg, induced one-third as many MNRETs in the older animals as compared to the younger animals. When treated with a split dose of mitomycin C (total dose 0.5 to 2 mg/kg), older animals displayed on average two-thirds the mutagenic response of the younger animals. However, analysis of variance performed on these data indicated that the age of the animals did not have a significant effect on their mutagenic response to mitomycin C at any dose level. It appears that aging mice may not be more sensitive to the mutagenic effects of chemically-induced DNA damage than younger mice, suggesting that the higher spontaneous mutation frequency in older mice could be the result of an increased load of accumulated DNA damage. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP Dass, SB (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV GENET TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD NOV 19 PY 1997 VL 381 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00156-5 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA YH086 UT WOS:A1997YH08600012 PM 9403036 ER PT J AU Divi, RL Chang, HC Doerge, DR AF Divi, RL Chang, HC Doerge, DR TI Anti-thyroid isoflavones from soybean - Isolation, characterization, and mechanisms of action SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thyroid peroxidase; soybean; isoflavonoid; inhibitor; goitrogen; mechanism ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PEROXIDASE; LACTOPEROXIDASE; PHYTOESTROGENS; IDENTIFICATION; THYROGLOBULIN; FLAVONOIDS; IODINATION AB The soybean has been implicated in diet-induced goiter by many studies. The extensive consumption of soy products in infant formulas and in Vegetarian diets makes it essential to define the goitrogenic potential. In this report, it was observed chat an acidic methanolic extract of soybeans contains compounds that inhibit thyroid peroxidase- (TPO) catalyzed reactions essential to thyroid hormone synthesis. Analysis of the soybean extract using HPLC, UV-VIS spectrophotometry, and LC-MS led to identification of the isoflavones genistein and daidzein as major components by direct comparison with authentic standard reference isoflavones. HPLC fractionation and enzymatic assay of the soybean extract showed that the components responsible for inhibition of TPO-catalyzed reactions coeluted with daidzein and genistein. In the presence of iodide ion, genistein and daidzein blocked TPO-catalyzed tyrosine iodination by acting as alternate substrates, yielding mono-, di-, and triiodoisoflavones. Genistein also inhibited thyroxine synthesis using iodinated casein or human goiter thyroglobulin as substrates for the coupling reaction. Incubation of either isoflavone with TPO in the presence of H2O2 caused irreversible inactivation of the enzyme; however, the presence of iodide ion in the incubations completely abolished the inactivation. The IC50 values for inhibition of TPO-catalyzed reactions by genistein and daidzein were ca. 1-10 mu M, concentrations that approach the total isoflavone levels (ca. 1 mu M) previously measured in plasma from humans consuming soy products. Because inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis can induce goiter and thyroid neoplasia in rodents, delineation of anti-thyroid mechanisms for soy isoflavones may be important for extrapolating goitrogenic hazards identified in chronic rodent bioassays to humans consuming soy products. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 36 TC 141 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 54 IS 10 BP 1087 EP 1096 DI 10.1016/S0006-2952(97)00301-8 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YD492 UT WOS:A1997YD49200004 PM 9464451 ER PT J AU Racoosin, JA Kessler, C AF Racoosin, JA Kessler, C TI A series of bleeding episodes in HIV-positive hemophiliacs (HEM) taking HIV protease inhibitors. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. GEORGETOWN MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 139 EP 139 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42400139 ER PT J AU Mondoro, TH Shafer, BC Vostal, JG AF Mondoro, TH Shafer, BC Vostal, JG TI Restoration of responses in room temperature stored platelets resuspended in plasma stored frozen or at room temperature. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CBER FDA,LAB CELLULAR HEMATOL,BETHESDA,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 158 EP 158 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42400158 ER PT J AU Feldstein, JT Jaffe, ES Berkowitz, JR Burd, PR Kingma, DW Ferry, JA Harris, NL Wilson, WH Tosato, G AF Feldstein, JT Jaffe, ES Berkowitz, JR Burd, PR Kingma, DW Ferry, JA Harris, NL Wilson, WH Tosato, G TI Expression of interferon gamma inducing factor (IGIF or IL18) in EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases with vascular damage and necrosis. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20014. MGH,BOSTON,MA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 333 EP 333 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42400333 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, MI Cherney, B Hussain, A Magrath, I Bhatia, K AF Gutierrez, MI Cherney, B Hussain, A Magrath, I Bhatia, K TI Expression of death inducing genes and the activation of death inducing pathway in Burkitt's lymphoma. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 335 EP 335 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42400335 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, MI Capello, D Cherney, B Gaidano, G Magrath, I Bhatia, K AF Gutierrez, MI Capello, D Cherney, B Gaidano, G Magrath, I Bhatia, K TI Intraclonal molecular heterogeneity suggests a hierarchy of pathogenetic events in Burkitt's lymphoma. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20014. UNIV TURIN,NOVARA,ITALY. RI Capello, Daniela/J-4110-2012 OI Capello, Daniela/0000-0001-9157-8753 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 336 EP 336 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42400336 ER PT J AU Murata, T Taguchi, J Puri, RK AF Murata, T Taguchi, J Puri, RK TI Interleukin 13 receptor alpha' chain is a functional component of interleukin 4 receptor and JAK2 is required for its signal transduction. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,LAB MOL TUMOR BIOL,BETHESDA,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 741 EP 741 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42400741 ER PT J AU Holada, K Mondoro, TH Vostal, JG AF Holada, K Mondoro, TH Vostal, JG TI Upregulation of prion protein on the surface of activated platelets. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,LAB CELLULAR HEMATOL,BETHESDA,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 1249 EP 1249 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42401248 ER PT J AU Feldstein, JT Jaffe, ES Berkowitz, JR Burd, PR Tosato, G AF Feldstein, JT Jaffe, ES Berkowitz, JR Burd, PR Tosato, G TI Eotaxin-1, a specific chemoattractant for eosinophils in Hodgkin's disease tissues. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20014. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 1726 EP 1726 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42401722 ER PT J AU Aoki, Y Klutch, MJ Tosato, G AF Aoki, Y Klutch, MJ Tosato, G TI Infection of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in prostate carcinoma cell lines. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 2570 EP 2570 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42402566 ER PT J AU Qian, J Scott, DE Hoyer, LW AF Qian, J Scott, DE Hoyer, LW TI T cell response to human factor VIII in murine hemophilia A. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AMER RED CROSS,JEROME H HOLLAND LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 2663 EP 2663 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42402659 ER PT J AU Alpan, O Evinger, MJ Mehrotra, P Siegel, JP Parker, RI AF Alpan, O Evinger, MJ Mehrotra, P Siegel, JP Parker, RI TI Sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE) isoform distribution in peripheral blood cells. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT PEDIAT,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. US FDA,CELLULAR IMMUNOL LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 2862 EP 2862 PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG425 UT WOS:A1997YG42500172 ER PT J AU Slade, BA Vogt, RF Marti, GE Bray, RA Holden, JT Lybarger, JA AF Slade, BA Vogt, RF Marti, GE Bray, RA Holden, JT Lybarger, JA TI VOCs and PCBs: Risk factors for B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders? SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ATSDR,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NCEH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20014. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 3957 EP 3957 PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG425 UT WOS:A1997YG42501266 ER PT J AU TeruyaFeldstein, J Jaffe, ES Burd, PR Kanegane, H Kingma, DW Wilson, WH Longo, DL Tosato, G AF TeruyaFeldstein, J Jaffe, ES Burd, PR Kanegane, H Kingma, DW Wilson, WH Longo, DL Tosato, G TI The role of mig, the monokine induced by interferon-gamma, and IP-10, the interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10, in tissue necrosis and vascular damage associated with Epstein-Barr virus-positive lymphoproliferative disease SO BLOOD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Hematol, US Dept Vet Affairs Merit Res Funds, NIH ID T-LYMPHOCYTES; IN-VIVO; CELL LYMPHOMAS; B-CELLS; EXPRESSION; CHEMOKINE; PROLIFERATION; PROGENITORS; REGRESSION; MIGRATION AB The mechanisms of tissue necrosis and vascular damage characteristics of certain Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative disorders are unknown. The CXC chemokines interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and the monokine induced by interferon-gamma (Mig) caused tissue necrosis and vascular damage in Burkitt's lymphoma tumors established in nude mice. We report higher levels of IF-10 and Mig gene expression, in tissues with necrosis and vascular damage from EBV-positive lymphomatoid granulomatosis and nasal or nasal-type T/natural killer (NK)-cell lymphomas compared with tissues with lymphoid hyperplasia, which tacked tissue necrosis and vascular damage. By immunohistochemistry, Mig and IP-10 proteins localized with similar patterns in viable tissue surrounding dead tissue, mostly within endothelial cells, monocyte/macrophages, and lymphocytes. Circulating levels of IP-10 were abnormally elevated in patients with EBV-positive lymphomatoid granulomatosis and nasal or nasal-type T/NK-ceIl lymphomas. These experiments provide the first description of the presence of Mig in any human normal or diseased tissue and the first description of IF-10 in certain lymphoproliferative lesions. These data suggest that Mig and IF-10 play an important role in the pathogenesis of tissue necrosis and vascular damage associated with certain EBV-positive lymphoproliferative processes. (C) 1997 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 NCI,HEMATOPATHOL SECT,PATHOL LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD. NCI,MED BRANCH,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIA,NIH,BALTIMORE,MD 21224. NR 33 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 BP 4099 EP 4105 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YF299 UT WOS:A1997YF29900033 PM 9354680 ER PT J AU Dickensheets, HL Freeman, SL Smith, MF Donnelly, RP AF Dickensheets, HL Freeman, SL Smith, MF Donnelly, RP TI Interleukin-10 upregulates tumor necrosis factor receptor type-II (p75) gene expression in endotoxin-stimulated human monocytes SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID INTERFERON-GAMMA RECEPTOR; SOLUBLE TNF RECEPTORS; IFN-GAMMA; FACTOR-ALPHA; MESSENGER-RNA; MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; LETHAL ENDOTOXEMIA; DOWN-REGULATION; IL-10 AB Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) upregulates expression of certain genes in monocytes, including cell-surface molecules such as HLA class II, B7, and ICAM-1. IFN-gamma also potentiates production of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and IL-12. Conversely, IL-10 downregulates expression of many of these same genes and often antagonizes the effects of IFN-gamma. IL-10 is known to inhibit TNF-alpha production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes; however, the effects of IL-10 on TNF receptor (TNF-R) expression are not well defined. We examined the effects of IL-10 on production of both membrane-associated (m) and soluble (s) TNF-R type II (sTNF-RII) by purified human CD14(+) monocytes. We also compared the effects of IFN-gamma and IL-10 on production of TNF-alpha and sTNF-RII by these cells. Monocytes constitutively expressed low levels of TNF-RII mRNA and mTNF-RII protein. LPS stimulation induced rapid, but transient loss (shedding) of mTNF-RII molecules and a delayed, but marked increase in TNF-RII mRNA levels. IL-10 increased expression of both mTNF-RII and sTNF-RII by LPS-stimulated monocytes, whereas IFN-gamma decreased their expression. The increased levels of sTNF-RII in cultures of IL-10-treated monocytes correlated directly with increased levels of TNF-RII mRNA and inversely with the levels of TNF-alpha mRNA. The ability of IL-10 to upregulate TNF-RII gene expression was transcriptionally mediated because actinomycin D blocked this effect. Furthermore, IL-10 treatment did not alter the half-life of TNF-RII mRNA transcripts in LPS-stimulated monocytes. To further examine the mechanism by which IL-10 potentiates TNF-RII gene expression, a 1.8-kb fragment of the human TNF-RII promoter cloned into a luciferase expression vector (pGL2-basic) was transfected into the IL-10-responsive macrophage cell line, RAW264.7. Although IL-10 alone induced only minimal promoter activity in these cells, it markedly increased the LPS-induced response, providing further evidence that the ability of IL-10 to amplify TNF-RII gene expression is transcriptionally controlled. Together, these findings demonstrate that IL-10 coordinately downregulates expression of TNF-alpha and upregulates expression of TNF-RII, particularly the soluble form of this receptor, in monocytes. C1 US FDA,CBER,DIV CYTOKINE BIOL,HFM505,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. UNIV VIRGINIA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MED,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA. NR 63 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 BP 4162 EP 4171 PG 10 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YF299 UT WOS:A1997YF29900040 PM 9354687 ER PT J AU Duncan, RC Nakhasi, HL AF Duncan, RC Nakhasi, HL TI La autoantigen binding to a 5 ' cis-element of rubella virus RNA correlates with element function in vivo SO GENE LA English DT Article DE translation; stem-loop; affinity; transfection ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IRON-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; FERRITIN MESSENGER-RNA; TERMINATION FACTOR LA; EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS; LUPUS ANTIGEN-LA; POLYMERASE-III; TRANSCRIPTION TERMINATION; TRANSLATION INITIATION AB Rubella virus genomic RNA contains a 5' stem-loop (5'(+)SL) which is required for efficient translation and replication. The La autoantigen previously was shown to bind this RNA sequence in vitro. Results reported here demonstrate that this cellular RNA-binding protein binds to the RV 5' SL RNA with sufficient specificity for the binding to occur in the presence of excess total cellular RNA. Further, the affinity of purified La for the RV sequence is similar to its affinity for known cellular substrates. To address the functional significance of La binding, mutant forms of the RV 5'(+)SL were analysed which bind La weaker or stronger than the native form. These three forms of the RV 5' SL were incorporated into RV-luciferase constructs which expressed luciferase activity in transient transfection. The level of expression from each construct correlated with the ability of its RV sequence to bind La. The detection of La/RV-RNA complexes in infected cells further supported the physiological relevance of this interaction. Possible implications of autoantigen La interaction with RV RNA for rubella virus pathology and vaccine associated adverse reactions are discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res,Div Viral Prod, Sect Viral Pathogenesis & Adverse React, Lab Pediat & Resp Viral Dis,OVRR, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Nakhasi, HL (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res,Div Viral Prod, Sect Viral Pathogenesis & Adverse React, Lab Pediat & Resp Viral Dis,OVRR, Bldg 29,Rm 107,HFM 460,8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Duncan, Robert/I-8168-2015 OI Duncan, Robert/0000-0001-8409-2501 NR 66 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD NOV 12 PY 1997 VL 201 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00438-1 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YM139 UT WOS:000071032800018 PM 9409781 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI Education program for reducing risks with unpasteurized juices SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 5 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 17 BP 1394 EP 1394 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YC917 UT WOS:A1997YC91700007 PM 9355985 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI Workshop on minimizing medical product errors SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 5 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 17 BP 1394 EP 1394 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YC917 UT WOS:A1997YC91700008 PM 9355985 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI Proposed rule on women in clinical trials SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 5 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 17 BP 1394 EP 1394 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YC917 UT WOS:A1997YC91700006 PM 9355985 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI New requirements for labeling of dietary supplements SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 5 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 17 BP 1394 EP 1394 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YC917 UT WOS:A1997YC91700005 PM 9355985 ER PT J AU Giese, NA Gabriele, L Doherty, TM Klinman, DM TadesseHeath, L Contursi, C Epstein, SL Morse, HC AF Giese, NA Gabriele, L Doherty, TM Klinman, DM TadesseHeath, L Contursi, C Epstein, SL Morse, HC TI Interferon (IFN) consensus sequence-binding protein, a transcription factor of the IFN regulatory factor family, regulates immune responses in vivo through control of interleukin 12 expression SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MURINE PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; LEISHMANIA-MAJOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; IN-VIVO; T-HELPER-1 CELLS; VIRUS-INFECTION; DENDRITIC CELLS AB Mice with a null mutation of the gene encoding interferon consensus sequence-binding protein (ICSBP) develop a chronic myelogenous leukemia-like syndrome and mount impaired responses to certain viral and bacterial infections. To gain a mechanistic understanding of the contributions of ICSBP to humoral and cellular immunity, we characterized the responses of control and ICSBP-/- mice to infection with influenza A (flu) and Leishmania major (L. major). Mice of both genotypes survived infections with flu, but differed markedly in the isotype distribution of antiflu antibodies. In sera of normal mice, immunoglobulin (Ig)G2a antibodies were dominant over IgG1 antibodies, a pattern indicative of a T helper cell type 1 (Th1)-driven response. In sera of ICSBP-/- mice, however, IgG1 antibodies dominated over IgG2a antibodies, a pattern indicative of a Th2-driven response. The dominance of IgG1 and ISE over IgG2a was detected in the sera of uninfected mice as well. A seeming Th2 bias of ICSBP-deficient mice was also uncovered in their inability to control infection with L. major, where resistance is known to be dependent on IL-12 and IFN-gamma as components of a Th1 response. Infected ICSBP-deficient mice developed fulminant, disseminated leishmaniasis as a result of failure to mount a Th1-mediated curative response, although T cells remained capable of secreting IFN-gamma and macrophages of producing nitric oxide. Compromised Th1 differentiation in ICSBP-/- mice could not be attributed to hyporesponsiveness of CD4(+) T cells to interleukin (IL)-12; however, the ability of uninfected and infected ICSBP-deficient mice to produce IL-12 was markedly impaired. This indicates that ICSBP is a deciding factor in Th responses governing humoral and cellular immunity through its role in regulating IL-12 expression. C1 NIAID,PARASITOL LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NICHHD,LAB MOL GROWTH REGULAT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIROL,BETHESDA,MD 20852. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CELL & GENE THERAPIES,BETHESDA,MD 20852. RP Giese, NA (reprint author), NIAID,LIP,NIH,7 CTR DR,MSC 0760,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. OI Morse, Herbert/0000-0002-9331-3705 NR 74 TC 124 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD NOV 3 PY 1997 VL 186 IS 9 BP 1535 EP 1546 DI 10.1084/jem.186.9.1535 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YE942 UT WOS:A1997YE94200014 PM 9348311 ER PT J AU Kennedy, DL Goldman, SA AF Kennedy, DL Goldman, SA TI Monitoring for adverse drug events SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material RP Kennedy, DL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF COMMISSIONER,MEDWATCH PROGRAM,5600 FISHERS LANE,HF-2,ROOM 9-57,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 7 BP 1718 EP & PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YF885 UT WOS:A1997YF88500002 PM 9371003 ER PT J AU Guevara-Aguirre, J Maldonado, R Koller, EA Martinez, V Vasconez, O Malozowski, SN AF Guevara-Aguirre, J Maldonado, R Koller, EA Martinez, V Vasconez, O Malozowski, SN TI Report of optic disc edema in growth hormone insensitive patients after treatment with insulin-like growth factor-I SO ANNALS OF OPHTHALMOLOGY & GLAUCOMA LA English DT Article ID BENIGN INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; RECEPTOR DEFICIENCY; CHILDREN; IOWA AB Intracranial hypertension with papilledema has recently been reported with growth hormone administration, We present the case of a 14 year old female with growth hormone insensitivity syndrome (GHIS), who developed optic disc edema (ODE) within 30 days of the initiation of therapy with recombinant IGF-l (insulin-like growth factor 1) (120 mu g/kg BID), Symptoms may he intermittent, and thereby unreliable indicators of ODE, At least 5/131 patients with GHIS who have received IGF-I have developed this condition. Because of the high risk for developing ODE in this patient population, serial funduscopic examination is warranted for children receiving IDF-I. C1 US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Inst Endocrinol Metab & Reprod, Quito, Ecuador. RP Koller, EA (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Parklawn Bldg,5600 Fishers Lane,Room 14B04,HFD 51, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CONTEMPORARY OPHTHALMOLOGY PI SKOKIE PA 4711 GOLF RD, SUITE 408, SKOKIE, IL 60076-1242 USA SN 1079-4794 J9 ANN OPHTHALMOL GLAUC JI Ann. Ophthalmol. Glaucoma PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 29 IS 6 BP 384 EP 388 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA YU592 UT WOS:000071733300013 ER PT J AU Rider, LG Feldman, BM Perez, MD Rennebohm, RM Lindsley, CB Zemel, LS Wallace, CA Ballinger, SH Bowyer, SL Reed, AM Passo, MH Katona, IM Miller, FW Lachenbruch, PA AF Rider, LG Feldman, BM Perez, MD Rennebohm, RM Lindsley, CB Zemel, LS Wallace, CA Ballinger, SH Bowyer, SL Reed, AM Passo, MH Katona, IM Miller, FW Lachenbruch, PA TI Development of validated disease activity and damage indices for the juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies .1. Physician, parent, and patient global assessments SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID ARTHRITIS CLINICAL-TRIALS; SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; OUTCOME MEASURES; HEALTH-STATUS; DERMATOMYOSITIS; DISABILITY; CHILDREN; PAIN; INDEX AB Objective. To determine the reliability, content validity, and responsiveness of physician global assessments of disease activity and damage in the juvenite idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), and to investigate concordance among physician, parent, and patient global ratings. Methods. Sixteen pediatric rheumatologists rated 10 juvenile IIM paper patient cases far global disease activity and damage, and assessed the importance of 51 clinical and laboratory parameters in formulating their global assessments, Then, 117 juvenile IIM patients were enrolled in a protocol to examine the relationship between Likert and visual analog scale global assessments, their sensitivity to change, and the comparability of physician, parent, and patient global ratings. Results. Pediatric rheumatologists demonstrated excellent interrater reliability in their global assessments of juvenile IIM disease activity and damage (97.7% and 94.7% agreement among raters, respectively), and agreed on a core set of clinical parameters in formulating their judgments. Likert scale ratings correlated with those on a visual analog scale, and both were comparable in responsiveness (standardized response means -0.56 for disease activity, 0.02 [Likert] and 0.14 [visual analog] for damage, measured over 8 months). Parent global ratings of disease activity correlated with physician assessments, but were not colinear (Spearman's correlation [r] = 0.41-0.45). Patient global disease activity assessments correlated with those done by parents (r = 0.57-0.84) and physicians (r = 0.37-0.63), but demonstrated less responsiveness (standardized response means -0.21 and -0.12, respectively, over 8 months). Conclusion. Physician global assessments of juvenile IIM disease activity and damage demonstrated high interrater reliability and were shown to be comprehensive measures. Both physician and parent disease activity assessments should be considered valuable as quantitative measures for evaluating therapeutic responses in juvenile IIM patients. C1 NIAMSD,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV TORONTO,HOSP SICK CHILDREN,TORONTO,ON M5G 1X8,CANADA. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS CHILDRENS HOSP,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. UNIV KANSAS,KANSAS CITY,KS 66103. UNIV CONNECTICUT,CONNECTICUT CHILDRENS MED CTR,HARTFORD,CT 06112. UNIV WASHINGTON,CHILDRENS HOSP,SEATTLE,WA 98195. INDIANA UNIV,JAMES WHITCOMB RILEY HOSP CHILDREN,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46204. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV CINCINNATI,CHILDRENS HOSP,CINCINNATI,OH. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP Rider, LG (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES,BLDG 29B,ROOM 2G11,HFM-561,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI Feldman, Brian/A-8586-2011; OI Rider, Lisa/0000-0002-6912-2458 NR 42 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1976 EP 1983 DI 10.1002/art.1780401109 PG 8 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA YE639 UT WOS:A1997YE63900008 PM 9365086 ER PT J AU Wiebel, FJ Andersson, TB Casciano, DA Dickins, M Fischer, V Glatt, H Horbach, J Langenbach, RJ Luyten, W Turchi, G Vandewalle, A AF Wiebel, FJ Andersson, TB Casciano, DA Dickins, M Fischer, V Glatt, H Horbach, J Langenbach, RJ Luyten, W Turchi, G Vandewalle, A TI Genetically engineered cell lines: Characterisation and applications in toxicity testing SO ATLA-ALTERNATIVES TO LABORATORY ANIMALS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHINESE-HAMSTER CELLS; CDNA-DIRECTED EXPRESSION; STABLE EXPRESSION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; HUMAN-LIVER; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; CATALYTIC ACTIVITIES; CYTOCHROME-P450 3A4; DRUG-METABOLISM; GENE C1 ASTRA HASSLE AB,DEPT METAB & PHARMACOKINET,S-43183 MOLNDAL,SWEDEN. NCTR,DIV GENET TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. GLAXO WELLCOME,BIOMET DEPT,WARE SG12 0DP,HERTS,ENGLAND. NOVARTIS PHARMACEUT CORP,DRUG METAB & PHARMACOKINET,E HANOVER,NJ 07936. DEUTSCH INST ERNAHRUNGSFORSCH,ABT ERNAHRUNGSTOXIKOL,D-14558 BERGHOLZ REHBRUCK,GERMANY. UNIV UTRECHT,RITOX,NL-3508 TD UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. NIEHS,LAB CARCINOGENESIS MUTAGENESIS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. JANSSEN PHARMACEUT,DEPT BIOCHEM PHARMACOL,B-2340 BEERSE,BELGIUM. UNIV PISA,DIPARTIMENTO SCI AMBIENTE & TERR,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. UNIV PARIS 07,INSERM,U246,F-75018 PARIS,FRANCE. RP Wiebel, FJ (reprint author), GSF MUNICH,NATL RES CTR ENVIRONM & HLTH,INST TOXICOL,D-85758 NEUHERBERG,GERMANY. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRAME PI NOTTINGHAM PA RUSSELL & BURCH HOUSE 96-98 NORTH SHERWOOD ST, NOTTINGHAM, NOTTS, ENGLAND NG1 4EE SN 0261-1929 J9 ATLA-ALTERN LAB ANIM JI ATLA-Altern. Lab. Anim. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 25 IS 6 BP 625 EP 639 PG 15 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA YL235 UT WOS:A1997YL23500010 ER PT J AU Feller, SE Yin, DX Pastor, RW MacKerell, AD AF Feller, SE Yin, DX Pastor, RW MacKerell, AD TI Molecular dynamics simulation of unsaturated lipid bilayers at low hydration: Parameterization and comparison with diffraction studies SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; JOINT REFINEMENT; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS; H-2 NMR; DIOLEOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; ORDER; CHAIN; WATER AB A potential energy function for unsaturated hydrocarbons is proposed and is shown to agree well with experiment, using molecular dynamics simulations of a water/octene interface and a dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) bilayer. The simulation results verify most of the assumptions used in interpreting the DOPC experiments, but suggest a few that should be reconsidered, Comparisons with recent results of a simulation of a dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer show that disorder is comparable, even though the temperature, hydration level, and surface area/lipid for DOPC are lower. These observations highlight the dramatic effects of unsaturation on bilayer structure. C1 US FDA, BIOPHYS LAB, CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, SCH PHARM, DEPT PHARMACEUT SCI, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. OI MacKerell, Alex/0000-0001-8287-6804 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM51501-01] NR 49 TC 235 Z9 239 U1 0 U2 19 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 73 IS 5 BP 2269 EP 2279 PG 11 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA YD848 UT WOS:A1997YD84800004 PM 9370424 ER PT J AU Buchsbaum, DJ Laffoon, K Rogers, BE Curiel, DT Khazaeli, MB McLean, S Puri, RK Blazar, BR Vallera, DA AF Buchsbaum, DJ Laffoon, K Rogers, BE Curiel, DT Khazaeli, MB McLean, S Puri, RK Blazar, BR Vallera, DA TI Radiolabeled DT390-mIL-4 fusion toxin binding and cytotoxicity to tumor cells induced to express mIL-4 receptor SO CANCER GENE THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MED,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL. UNIV ALABAMA,GENE THERAPY PROGRAM,BIRMINGHAM,AL. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20014. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PEDIAT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT THERAPEUT RADIOL RADIAT ONCOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU APPLETON & LANGE PI E NORWALK PA 25 VAN ZANT ST, E NORWALK, CT 06855 SN 0929-1903 J9 CANCER GENE THER JI Cancer Gene Ther. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 4 IS 6 SU S BP P100 EP P100 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YJ318 UT WOS:A1997YJ31800100 ER PT J AU Pogribny, IP Muskhelishvili, L Miller, BJ James, SJ AF Pogribny, IP Muskhelishvili, L Miller, BJ James, SJ TI Presence and consequence of uracil in preneoplastic DNA from folate/methyl-deficient rats SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; METHYL-GROUPS; CERVICAL DYSPLASIA; CHOLINE DEFICIENCY; GENE-EXPRESSION; AP ENDONUCLEASE; P53 GENE; CANCER; GLYCOSYLASE AB Uracil can arise in DNA by misincorporation of dUTP into nascent DNA and/or by cytosine deamination in established DNA, Based on recent findings, both pathways appear to be promoted in the methyl-deficient model of hepatocarcinogenesis, A chronic increase in the ratio dUTP:dTTP with folate/methyl deficiency can result in a futile cycle of excision and reiterative uracil misincorporation leading to premutagenic apyrimidinic (AP) sites, DNA strand breaks, DNA fragmentation and apoptotic cell death, The progressive accumulation of unmethylated cytosines with chronic methyl deficiency will increase the potential for cytosine deamination to uracil and further stress uracil mismatch repair mechanisms, Uracil is removed by a highly specific uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) leaving an AP site that is subsequently repaired by sequential action of AIP endonuclease, 5'-phosphodiesterase, a DNA polymerase and DNA ligase, Since the DNA polymerases cannot distinguish between dUTP and dTTP, an increase in dUTP:dTTP ratio will promote uracil misincorporation during both DNA replication and repair synthesis, The misincorporation of uracil for thymine (5-methyluracil) may constitute a genetically significant form of DNA hypomethylation distinct from cytosine hypomethylation, In the present study a significant increase in the level of uracil in liver DNA as early as 3 weeks after initiation of folate/methyl deficiency was accompanied by parallel increases in DNA strand breaks, AP sites and increased levels of AP endonuclease mRNA, In addition, uracil was also detected within the p53 gene sequence using UDG PCR techniques, Increased levels of uracil in DNA implies that the capacity for uracil base excision repair is exceeded with chronic folate/methyl deficiency, It is possible that enzyme-induced extrahelical bases, AP sites and DNA strand breaks interact to negatively affect the stability of the DNA helix and stress the structural limits of permissible uracil base excision repair activity, Thus substitution of uracil for thymine induces repair-related premutagenic lesions and a novel form of DNA hypomethylation that may relate to tumor promotion in the methyl-deficient model of hepatocarcinogenesis. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV BIOCHEM TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,PATHOL ASSOCIATES INT,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. NR 67 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD NOV PY 1997 VL 18 IS 11 BP 2071 EP 2076 DI 10.1093/carcin/18.11.2071 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YG756 UT WOS:A1997YG75600007 PM 9395204 ER PT J AU Dass, SB Heflich, RH Casciano, DA AF Dass, SB Heflich, RH Casciano, DA TI The mutagenic response at the ouabain resistance locus in T cells of mice exposed to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea parallels the response at the Hprt locus and correlates with mutation target size SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID DNA-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; CHINESE-HAMSTER; IN-VIVO; THIOGUANINE-RESISTANT; RELATIVE SENSITIVITY; CHO CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES; MOUSE; GENE AB The lymphocyte Hprt gene has been used extensively as a reporter locus to monitor the mutational effects of the exposure of animals to genotoxicants, Implicit in this view of the function of a reporter gene is the assumption that its mutagenic response is representative of that of other genes in the organism, As a test of this hypothesis we compared the frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant (TG(r)) mutants at the Hprt locus with the mutant frequency (MF) induced at another locus, the ouabain resistance (Oua) locus, The frequency of spontaneous OUA(R) mutants was estimated to be 1.1x10(-7) (MF between <0.3 and 1.1x10(-7)), which was similar to 30-fold less than the spontaneous TG(r) MF. Following treatment with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), the induced OUA(R) MF at each of two dose levels (50 and 150 mg/kg ENU) and two time points (3 and 6 weeks postexposure) was consistently 8- to 9-fold lower than the corresponding TG(r) MF. Thus the mutagenic response of the Oua locus closely paralleled that of the Hprt locus, indicating a similarity in their response to ENU, In addition, the Oua locus was 3-4 times more sensitive than the Hprt locus to the mutagenic effect of ENU, as measured by the fold increase in MF over the background level. The number of ENU-mutable sites capable of resulting in a TG(r) or OUA(R) phenotype, otherwise known as the mutation target size, was estimated to differ by an order of magnitude between the two loci, This difference in target size correlates with, and therefore may largely account for, the difference in induced MF between both loci. RP Dass, SB (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV GENET & REPROD TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD NOV PY 1997 VL 18 IS 11 BP 2233 EP 2237 DI 10.1093/carcin/18.11.2233 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YG756 UT WOS:A1997YG75600029 PM 9395226 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, LA Winestock, KD Finbloom, DS AF Rosenthal, LA Winestock, KD Finbloom, DS TI IL-2 and IL-7 induce heterodimerization of STAT5 isoforms in human peripheral blood T lymphoblasts SO CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-BETA-CHAIN; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; MAMMARY-GLAND FACTOR; DNA-BINDING ACTIVITY; GAMMA-CHAIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; INTERLEUKIN-7 RECEPTOR; LYMPHOID DEVELOPMENT; CYTOKINE PLEIOTROPY AB Despite differences in T cell responses induced by interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-7, both cytokines modulate T cell functions by activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins. We examined the contribution of the two isoforms of STATE, STAT5A and STAT5B, to IL-2- and IL-7-induced activation of human peripheral blood T lymphoblasts. Both cytokines induced assembly of STAT5A and STAT5B containing complexes capable of binding to the interferon-gamma activation sequence (GAS), and these complexes rapidly translocated (within 1 min) into the nucleus of IL-2- or IL-7-treated cells. The kinetics of this translocation were delayed in IL-7-treated as compared to IL-2-treated cells. IL-2 and IL-7 were equivalent in their ability to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5A and STAT5B and to facilitate binding of these STATs to an immobilized GAS element. Both IL-2 and IL-7 induced substantial amounts of STAT5A/STAT5B heterodimerization. Moreover, we observed constitutive association of STAT3 with each STATE isomer. These data suggest that IL-2 and IL-7 induce assembly of STAT heterodimers in a similar manner and that subsequent cellular responses may be driven by induction of similar sets of genes. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CYTOKINE BIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI Rosenthal, Louis/A-8868-2008 NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0008-8749 J9 CELL IMMUNOL JI Cell. Immunol. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 181 IS 2 BP 172 EP 181 DI 10.1006/cimm.1997.1208 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA YK747 UT WOS:A1997YK74700008 PM 9398404 ER PT J AU Katta, SK Cagampang, AE Jackson, LS Bullerman, LB AF Katta, SK Cagampang, AE Jackson, LS Bullerman, LB TI Distribution of Fusarium molds and fumonisins in dry-milled corn fractions SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; F-MONILIFORME; DEOXYNIVALENOL; TOXICITY; WHEAT; ZEARALENONE; MYCOTOXINS; METABOLITE; HORSES; FEEDS AB The distribution of Fusarium molds and fumonisins was determined in commercial and experimental dry-milled corn fractions. Fusarium infection of the commercial whole corn samples ranged from 10 to 28%; F. moniliforme was the predominant species. Fusarium counts in corn fractions were <100 colony-forming units (CFU)/g in flaking grits, <100 - 6.4 x 10(4) CFU/g in bran, <100 - 1.6 x 10(4) CFU/g in germ, and <100 - 2.7 x 10(3) CFU/g in flour. Fumonisin concentrations were less than or equal to 0.1 mu g/g in flaking grits, 0.2-1.1 mu g/g in flour, 0.1-2.0 mu g/g in germ, and 1.5-3.2 mu g/g in bran. Yellow, blue, and white dent corns naturally contaminated with varying levels of fumonisins (25.4, 3.9, and 0.3 mu g of fumonisin B-1 per gram) and Fusarium molds (3.9 x 10(6), 8.0 x 10(5), and 2.6 x 10(4) CFU/g) were experimentally dry milled with a horizontal drum degermer. Number 5 grits contained significantly lower Fusarium counts and fumonisin concentrations than the whole kernel corn. Fusarium counts and fumonisins increased as grit size decreased, and high Fusarium counts and fumonisin concentrations were found in germ, bran, and fines. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA, DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. US FDA, NATL CTR FOOD SAFETY & TECHNOL, ARGONNE, IL 60501 USA. NR 39 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 5 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 74 IS 6 BP 858 EP 863 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.6.858 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YJ797 UT WOS:A1997YJ79700029 ER PT J AU Yi, P Zhan, DJ Samokyszyn, VM Doerge, DR Fu, PP AF Yi, P Zhan, DJ Samokyszyn, VM Doerge, DR Fu, PP TI Synthesis and P-32-postlabeling/high-performance liquid chromatography separation of diastereomeric 1,N-2-(1,3-propano)-2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-phosphate adducts formed from 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION PRODUCTS; LIVER MICROSOMAL LIPIDS; DNA-ADDUCTS; DEOXYGUANOSINE ADDUCTS; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ALDEHYDES; MALONALDEHYDE; HUMANS; CELLS AB 4-Hydroxy-8-nonenal (HNE), a major electrophilic byproduct of lipid peroxidation, is mutagenic and cytotoxic. The two pairs of HNE-derived diastereomeric 1,N-2-propanodeoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate adducts were synthesized from reaction of HNE with 2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate. After HPLC separation, these adducts were characterized by UV-visible absorption and negative ion electrospray ionization MS/MS analysis. To further characterize the structures, these adducts were dephosphorylated to the corresponding HNE-modified deoxyguanosine adducts and their HPLC retention times and UV spectra were compared with those of the synthetic standards prepared from reaction of HNE with 2'-deoxyguanosine, Separation of these adducts by P-32-postlabeling/HPLC was developed. Reaction of HNE with calf thymus DNA resulted in only one pair of diastereomeric adducts, with one adduct predominantly formed with a modification level of 1.2 +/- 0.5 adducts/10(7) nucleotides. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI,DEPT PHARMACOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. NR 44 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1259 EP 1265 DI 10.1021/tx970100r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA YH252 UT WOS:A1997YH25200010 PM 9403180 ER PT J AU Marques, MM Mourato, LLG Amorim, MT Santos, MA Melchior, WB Beland, FA AF Marques, MM Mourato, LLG Amorim, MT Santos, MA Melchior, WB Beland, FA TI Effect of substitution site upon the oxidation potentials of alkylanilines, the mutagenicities of N-hydroxyalkylanilines, and the conformations of akylaniline-DNA adducts SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCYCLIC AROMATIC-AMINES; PURINE NUCLEOSIDES; HEMOGLOBIN BINDING; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; MOLECULAR DOSIMETRY; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; ORTHO-TOLUIDINE; BLADDER-CANCER; TOBACCO-SMOKE; DEOXYGUANOSINE AB Carcinogenic arylamines typically undergo metabolic activation via N-hydroxylation followed in most instances by O-esterification. In this study, the ability of methyl-, dimethyl-, and ethylaniline constituents of tobacco smoke to undergo oxidation at the nitrogen atom was analyzed. In addition, the mutagenicity of the corresponding N-hydroxyalkylanilines and the conformational properties of the DNA adducts generated from their N-acyloxy derivatives were investigated. All the arylamines underwent irreversible electrochemical N-oxidation at potentials higher than those observed for the oxidation of carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic amines. There were minor differences in the oxidation potentials, which were consistent with the position and electron-donating abilities of the alkyl substituents; however, the differences appeared to be too small to account for the range of genotoxic effects among the alkylanilines. N-Hydroxyarylamines containing p-alkyl substituents had increased mutagenicities in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, which was attributed to their higher efficiencies of adduct formation. Increased mutagenicities were also observed upon o-alkyl substitution; however, this property was not related to a greater ability of the ortho-substituted species to form DNA adducts, which suggested that adducts from ortho-substituted alkylanilines may be intrinsically more mutagenic than their meta- and para-substituted analogues. In all instances, N-(acyloxy)arylamines generated from the N-hydroxyarylamines reacted with dG, dG nucleotides, and DNA to yield C8-substituted dG derivatives as the major adducts. The alkylaniline-dG adducts displayed distinct conformational trends that were determined by the location of the alkyl substituents. Spectroscopic data indicated higher percentages of low-energy syn conformers in the adducts that contained alkyl groups ortho to the arylamine nitrogen as opposed to adducts not bearing ortho substituents. The data strongly suggest that the conformational properties of the DNA adducts, in particular their ability to adopt syn conformations, may be determinant factors for the genotoxic responses elicited by certain alkylanilines (e.g., 2-methylaniline and 2,6-dimethylaniline). C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, DIV BIOCHEM TOXICOL, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. RP Marques, MM (reprint author), Univ Tecn Lisboa, CTR QUIM ESTRUTURAL, COMPLEXO I, INST SUPER TECN, AV ROVISCO PAIS, P-1096 LISBON, PORTUGAL. RI Santos, M. Amelia /H-9409-2012; Marques, M. Matilde/E-2535-2012; Goncalves, Luisa/A-4120-2016 OI Santos, M. Amelia /0000-0002-4069-9368; Marques, M. Matilde/0000-0002-7526-4962; Goncalves, Luisa/0000-0002-3654-8612 NR 63 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X EI 1520-5010 J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1266 EP 1274 DI 10.1021/tx970104w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA YH252 UT WOS:A1997YH25200011 PM 9403181 ER PT J AU Jansen, DL Gray, GC Putnam, SD Lynn, F Meade, BD AF Jansen, DL Gray, GC Putnam, SD Lynn, F Meade, BD TI Evaluation of pertussis in US Marine Corps trainees SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; FILAMENTOUS HEMAGGLUTININ; WHOOPING-COUGH; INFECTION; ADULTS; DIAGNOSIS; SEROLOGY; CULTURE; PCR AB One hundred twenty male U.S. Marine Corps trainees with histories of at least 7 days of cough underwent evaluation for Bordetella pertussis infection by culture, B. pertussis-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and serology, Antibody levels in preexposure, acute-phase, and convalescent-phase serum samples were measured in a microagglutination assay and in enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for IgG and IgA antibodies to pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae types 2 and 3. Culture and PCR analysis revealed that none of the patients were positive for B. pertussis; however, 20 of 120 trainees had serological evidence of B. pertussis infection, Of these cases, one was confirmed by a rise in the level of antibody to pertussis toxin, and six were classified as probable by increases in levels of antibodies measured by two or more assays, Of the 20 individuals with serological evidence of infection, 16 had rises in levels of antibodies to fimbriae or agglutinating antibodies. The utility of ELISA for detecting antibodies to fimbriae and the microagglutination assay for diagnosing pertussis in adults should be evaluated by application to larger and more diverse study populations, These results indicate that pertussis should be considered in the diagnosis of coughing illness in military populations. C1 US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. USN,HLTH RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. USN,ENVIRONM & PREVENT MED UNIT NO 5,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. NR 36 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1099 EP 1107 DI 10.1086/516099 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YG890 UT WOS:A1997YG89000028 PM 9402365 ER PT J AU SchmiedlinRen, P Edwards, DJ Fitzsimmons, ME He, K Lown, KS Woster, PM Rahman, A Thummel, KE Fisher, JM Hollenberg, PF Watkins, PB AF SchmiedlinRen, P Edwards, DJ Fitzsimmons, ME He, K Lown, KS Woster, PM Rahman, A Thummel, KE Fisher, JM Hollenberg, PF Watkins, PB TI Mechanisms of enhanced oral availability of CYP3A4 substrates by grapefruit constituents - Decreased enterocyte CYP3A4 concentration and mechanism-based inactivation by furanocoumarins SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID JUICE-FELODIPINE INTERACTION; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; CYTOCHROME-P450 3A4; INHIBITION; ENZYME; RAT; PHARMACOKINETICS; PURIFICATION; FLAVONOIDS; METABOLISM AB Grapefruit juice increases the oral availability of a variety of CYP3A4 substrates. It has been shown that recurrent grapefruit juice ingestion results in a loss of CYP3A4 from the small bowel epithelium. We now show that the reduction in intestinal CYP3A4 concentration is rapid; a 47% decrease occurred in a healthy volunteer within 4 hr after consuming grapefruit juice. To identify the specific components of the juice responsible for this effect, we used a recently developed Caco-2 cell culture model of human intestinal epithelium that expresses catalytically active CYP3A4. We found that grapefruit oil and two furanocoumarin constituents (6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin and a closely related dimer) caused a dose-dependent fall in CYP3A4 catalytic activity and immunoreactive CYP3A4 concentration. The effect was selective in that concentrations of CYP1A1 and CYP2D6 did not fall, consistent with previous results obtained in vivo. Assays of various juices confirmed that 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin is the major furanocoumarin present and, although its concentration Varies significantly among types and brands of grapefruit juice, it is consistently present in concentrations exceeding the IC50 (1 mu M) for loss of midazolam 1'-hydroxylase activity determined in the Caco-2 cells. Studies with recombinant CYP3A4 revealed that 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin is a mechanism-based inactivator, which supports the idea that loss of CYP3A4 results from accelerated degradation of the enzyme. We conclude that the effect of grapefruit juice on oral availability of CYP3A4 substrates can be largely accounted for by the presence of 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin although other furanocoumarins probably also contribute. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT PHARM PRACTICE,COLL PHARM & ALLIED HLTH PROFESS,DETROIT,MI 48202. WAYNE STATE UNIV,COLL PHARM & ALLIED HLTH PROFESS,DETROIT,MI 48202. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT PHARM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. US FDA,DIV CLIN PHARMACOL,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PHARMACEUT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RI Hollenberg, Paul/A-7538-2009; OI Woster, Patrick/0000-0002-9471-1916 FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1 RR00042]; NIEHS NIH HHS [1-P30-ES06639]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 38149] NR 28 TC 307 Z9 314 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1228 EP 1233 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YF933 UT WOS:A1997YF93300002 PM 9351897 ER PT J AU Flurer, CL AF Flurer, CL TI Analysis of antibiotics by capillary electrophoresis SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Review DE capillary electrophoresis; antibiotics ID MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AFFINITY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TETRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTICS; COMBINATORIAL LIBRARIES; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SEPARATION; ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY AB The broad category of antibiotics encompasses some of the most widely prescribed pharmaceuticals in the world. As is the case with any pharmaceutical, an antibiotic must be characterized in terms of its potency or activity, and the presence and quantity of impurities. Additionally, any residue or metabolite that may be present as a result of its use must be monitored. Many capillary electrophoretic techniques have been utilized in the analysis of antibiotics, addressing the various aspects of their quantitation, profiling, and monitoring. Some of the more recent applications are summarized in this review article. C1 US FDA, Forens Chem Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. RP Flurer, CL (reprint author), US FDA, Forens Chem Ctr, 1141 Cent Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. NR 52 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD NOV PY 1997 VL 18 IS 12-13 BP 2427 EP 2437 DI 10.1002/elps.1150181233 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA YN538 UT WOS:000071178600032 PM 9456057 ER PT J AU Ralston, E McLaren, RS Horowitz, JA AF Ralston, E McLaren, RS Horowitz, JA TI Nuclear domains in skeletal myotubes: The localization of transferrin receptor mRNA is independent of its half-life and restricted by binding to ribosomes SO EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUBUNIT MESSENGER-RNA; ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; MUSCLE-CELLS; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; SINGLE NUCLEUS; EXPRESSION; ACTIN; TRANSCRIPTS; PROTEIN AB The retention of mRNAs near the nuclei that synthesize them may be an important feature of the organization of multinucleated skeletal myotubes. Here, we assess the possible role of two factors in this localization. First, we examine the role of mRNA half-life, by studying the distribution of the mRNA for the transferrin receptor (TfR), whose half-life can be manipulated in culture by changing the availability of iron. In situ hybridization of myotubes of the mouse muscle cell line C2 shows that TfR mRNA is concentrated in the core of the myotubes. Its distribution around the nuclei is often asymmetric and its concentration changes abruptly. Stable transcripts display the same asymmetric localization as unstable ones, suggesting that half-life does not determine subcellular localization of TfR mRNA. Differential effects of the protein synthesis inhibitors puromycin and cycloheximide suggest that the mRNA is retained in position by its association with ribosomes. We then examine the distribution of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and find it to be broader than the distribution of TfR mRNA. In contrast to TfR mRNA, the mRNA for a secreted immunoglobulin kappa light chain has a more uniform distribution. Taken together, the results suggest that TfR mRNA may associate with RER subdomains by specific targeting. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 USDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL PROD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Ralston, E (reprint author), NINCDS,NEUROBIOL LAB,NIH,BLDG 36,RM 2A-21,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4827 J9 EXP CELL RES JI Exp. Cell Res. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 236 IS 2 BP 453 EP 462 DI 10.1006/excr.1997.3753 PG 10 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA YG887 UT WOS:A1997YG88700012 PM 9367630 ER PT J AU LaBorde, JB Terry, KK Howard, PC Chen, JJ Collins, TFX Shackelford, ME Hansen, DK AF LaBorde, JB Terry, KK Howard, PC Chen, JJ Collins, TFX Shackelford, ME Hansen, DK TI Lack of embryotoxicity of fumonisin B-1 in New Zealand White rabbits SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESOPHAGEAL CANCER AREAS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; CULTURE MATERIAL; MYCOTOXINS; FEEDS; NEPHROTOXICITY; CONTAMINATION AB Fumonisin B-1 (FB1) is one of a number of mycotoxins produced by fungi, especially Fusarium sp. As a contaminant of many maize-derived products, this toxin is associated with a variety of animal diseases, including esophageal cancer and possibly neural tube defects in humans. We have investigated the embryotoxic potential of this compound in New Zealand White rabbits. Animals were dosed by gavage daily on GD 3-19 with purified FB1 at 0.10, 0.50, or 1.00 mg/kg/day. Maternal lethality occurred at the 0.50 and 1.00 mg/kg/day doses. When examined on GD 29, there were no differences in maternal body weight, maternal weight gain, maternal organ weights, number of nonlive implantations, and number of malformations. Fetal weight was decreased at 0.50 and 1.00 mg/kg/day (13 and 16%, respectively); this was true for male and female pups. Fetal liver and kidney weights were also decreased at these doses. Analysis of embryonic sphinganine to sphingosine ratios demonstrated no differences between control and treated embryos on GD 20, although these ratios were increased in maternal urine, serum, and kidney when compared to control animals. These data suggest that FB1 did not cross the placenta and that the observed decreased fetal weight was probably the result of maternal toxicity, rather than any developmental toxicity produced by FB1. C1 US FDA, NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, DIV BIOCHEM TOXICOL, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. US FDA, NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, DIV BIOMETRY & RISK ASSESSMENT, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. US FDA, CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR, LAUREL, MD 20708 USA. RP LaBorde, JB (reprint author), US FDA, NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. FU PHS HHS [224-93-001] NR 41 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 40 IS 1 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1006/faat.1997.2380 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA YK776 UT WOS:A1997YK77600012 PM 9398494 ER PT J AU DOro, U Vacchio, MS Weissman, AM Ashwell, JD AF DOro, U Vacchio, MS Weissman, AM Ashwell, JD TI Activation of the Lck tyrosine kinase targets cell surface T cell antigen receptors for lysosomal degradation SO IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID DI-LEUCINE MOTIF; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; PROTEIN-KINASE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; DOWN-REGULATION; TCR EXPRESSION; COMPLEX; PHOSPHORYLATION; THYMOCYTES AB The mechanism by which TCR expression is regulated was explored by expressing a constitutively active form of the tyrosine kinase Lck (Lck(505F)) in T cells. Expression of Lck(505F) down-regulated TCR levels, an effect that was even more pronounced in CD45(-) T cells, in which the activity of this tyrosine kinase is further enhanced. Cells expressing Lck(505F) synthesized all TCR subunits, but lysosomal degradation of assembled receptors was enhanced. TCRs were rapidly internalized and degraded after removal of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that had permitted cell surface expression. Finally, TCR levels on thymocytes were increased by an Lck inhibitor, and activation- but not phorbol ester-induced internalization of TCRs on Jurkat cells was prevented by inhibition or loss of Lck. These studies identify a regulated nonreceptor tyrosine kinase-mediated pathway for targeting cell surface receptors for lysosomal degradation. C1 NCI,LAB IMMUNE CELL BIOL,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL PROD,IMMUNOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20852. NR 51 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1050 MASSACHUSETTES AVE, CIRCULATION DEPT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 1074-7613 J9 IMMUNITY JI Immunity PD NOV PY 1997 VL 7 IS 5 BP 619 EP 628 DI 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80383-0 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YH554 UT WOS:A1997YH55400005 PM 9390686 ER PT J AU Nakajima, H Liu, XW WynshawBoris, A Rosenthal, LA Imada, K Finbloom, DS Hennighausen, L Leonard, WJ AF Nakajima, H Liu, XW WynshawBoris, A Rosenthal, LA Imada, K Finbloom, DS Hennighausen, L Leonard, WJ TI An indirect effect of Stat5a in IL-2-induced proliferation: A critical role for Stat5a in IL-2-mediated IL-2 receptor alpha chain induction SO IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID DEFECTIVE LYMPHOID DEVELOPMENT; DNA-BINDING ACTIVITY; MAMMARY-GLAND FACTOR; MICE LACKING JAK3; GAMMA-CHAIN; BETA-CHAIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; T-CELLS; INTERLEUKIN-2-DEFICIENT MICE; TARGETED DISRUPTION AB Stat5a was identified as a prolactin-induced transcription factor but also is activated by other cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-7. We have now analyzed the immune system of Stat5a-deficient mice. Stat5a(-/-) splenocytes exhibited defective IL-2-induced expression of the IL-2 receptor alpha chain (IL-2R alpha), a protein that together with IL-2R beta and the common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gamma(c)) mediates high-affinity IL-2 binding. Correspondingly, Stat5a(-/-) splenocytes exhibited markedly decreased proliferation to IL-2, although maximal proliferation was still achieved at IL-2 concentrations high enough to titrate intermediate-affinity IL-2R beta/gamma(c) receptors. Thus, defective Stat5a expression results in diminished proliferation by an indirect mechanism, resulting from defective receptor expression. Correspondingly, we show that Stat5a is essential for maximal responsiveness to antigenic stimuli in vivo, underscoring the physiological importance of IL-2-induced IL-2R alpha expression. C1 NHLBI,LAB MOL IMMUNOL,NIHON UNIV,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIDDKD,BIOCHEM & METAB LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NATL HUMAN GENOME RES INST,LAB GENET DIS RES,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CYTOKINE BIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI Rosenthal, Louis/A-8868-2008 NR 64 TC 210 Z9 211 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1050 MASSACHUSETTES AVE, CIRCULATION DEPT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 1074-7613 J9 IMMUNITY JI Immunity PD NOV PY 1997 VL 7 IS 5 BP 691 EP 701 DI 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80389-1 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YH554 UT WOS:A1997YH55400011 PM 9390692 ER PT J AU Schluter, SF Bernstein, RM Marchalonis, JJ AF Schluter, SF Bernstein, RM Marchalonis, JJ TI Molecular origins and evolution of immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes of jawed vertebrates SO IMMUNOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Review ID LIGHT-CHAINS; PRIMORDIAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN; SEQUENCE; FAMILY; DIVERSIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; SHARKS; ANTIBODIES; EMERGENCE; DIVERSITY AB Cartilaginous fish are the most ancient extant jawed vertebrates possessing bona fide immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-cell receptor molecules. The study of these animals is critical for understanding the origins of the vertebrate immune system. Here, Samuel Schluter, Ralph Bernstein and John Marchalonis review the latest data concerning heavy-chain variable genes and associated isotypes in these animals, and propose a model for the early origins of Igs. C1 US FDA, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RP UNIV ARIZONA, COLL MED, DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL, POB 24-5049, TUCSON, AZ 85724 USA. NR 40 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-5699 J9 IMMUNOL TODAY JI Immunol. Today PD NOV PY 1997 VL 18 IS 11 BP 543 EP 549 DI 10.1016/S0167-5699(97)01153-5 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YF828 UT WOS:A1997YF82800010 PM 9386351 ER PT J AU Fumagalli, O Tall, BD Schipper, C Oelschlaeger, TA AF Fumagalli, O Tall, BD Schipper, C Oelschlaeger, TA TI N-glycosylated proteins are involved in efficient internalization of Klebsiella pneumoniae by cultured human epithelial cells SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GROWTH-FACTOR-RECEPTOR; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; INVASION DETERMINANTS; MOLECULAR-CLONING AB Klebsiella pneumoniae obtained from patients with urinary tract infections is able to invade cultured human epithelial cells, The internalization process is dependent upon both microfilaments and microtubules. To better understand the interaction of these invasive bacteria with the host cell receptor(s), bladder, lung, and ileocecal epithelial cells were infected with K, pneumoniae in the presence of various lectins possessing multiple glycan specificities, It was found that the N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-specific lectins concanavalin A, Datura stramonium agglutinin, and wheat germ agglutinin significantly inhibited the invasion of K, pneumoniae into these cells but did not interfere with the internalization of an invasive strain of Salmonella typhimurium. Conversely, internalization of K. pneumoniae but not S, typhimurium was also significantly inhibited when the bacteria were pretreated with GlcNAc or chitin hydrolysate, a GlcNAc polymer, prior to the gentamicin invasion assay, Other carbohydrates such as glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, and N-acetylneuraminic acid had no inhibitory effects an K, pneumoniae uptake, Furthermore, internalization of K, pneumoniae but not S. typhimurium by HCT8 cells was also significantly inhibited when eukaryotic protein glycosylation was interrupted by tunicamycin or when host N-linked surface glycans were removed by pretreatment,vith N-glycosidase F. These studies suggest that a N-glycosylated protein receptor is involved in the internalization of K, pneumoniae by human epithelial cells in vitro, The results also indicate that internal GlcNAc residues might be a carbohydrate component of the receptor. C1 UNIV WURZBURG,INST MOL INFEKT BIOL,D-97070 WURZBURG,GERMANY. US FDA,DIV MICROBIOL STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RI Oelschlaeger, Tobias/B-5624-2015; OI Tall, Ben/0000-0003-0399-3629 NR 44 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 65 IS 11 BP 4445 EP 4451 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YD176 UT WOS:A1997YD17600012 PM 9353018 ER PT J AU Schmitt, MP AF Schmitt, MP TI Transcription of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae hmuO gene is regulated by iron and heme SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID TOXIN REPRESSOR DTXR; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; DNA-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; BREVIBACTERIUM-LACTOFERMENTUM; PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; EXPRESSION; SIDEROPHORE AB The hmuO gene is required for the utilization of heme and hemoglobin as iron sources by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The product of hmuO has homology to eukaryotic heme oxygenases which are involved in the degradation of heme and the release of iron. To investigate the mechanism of hmuO regulation, a promoterless lacZ gene present on the promoter-probe vector pCM502 was placed under transcriptional control of the hmuO promoter. In C. diphtheriae C7, optimal expression from the hmuO promoter was obtained only in the presence of heme or hemoglobin under low-iron conditions. Expression of hmuO in high-iron medium containing heme was repressed five-to sixfold from that seen under low-iron conditions in the presence of heme. Transcription from the hmuO promoter in the absence of heme or hemoglobin was fully repressed in high-iron medium and was expressed at very low levels in iron-depleted conditions. Expression studies with the hmuO-lacZ fusion construct in C7hm723, a dtxR mutant of C7, and in a hmuO mutant of C. diphtheriae HC1 provided further evidence that transcription of the hmuO promoter is repressed by DtxR and iron and activated by heme. In Escherichia coli, the hmuO promoter was expressed at very low levels under all conditions examined. Gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting experiments indicated that DtxR binds in a metal-dependent manner to a sequence that overlaps the putative hmuO promoter. Total cellular RNA isolated from C. diphtheriae was used to identify the transcriptional start site for the hmuO gene. Northern blot analysis suggested that the hmuO mRNA was monocistronic and that transcription was heme inducible. RP Schmitt, MP (reprint author), US FDA,LBT,CBER,DIV BACTERIAL PROD,BLDG 29,RM 108,8800 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 56 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 65 IS 11 BP 4634 EP 4641 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YD176 UT WOS:A1997YD17600038 PM 9353044 ER PT J AU Schwan, WR Kopecko, DJ AF Schwan, WR Kopecko, DJ TI Uptake of pathogenic intracellular bacteria into human and murine macrophages downregulates the eukaryotic 26S protease complex ATPase gene SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; TAT-MEDIATED TRANSACTIVATION; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; DIFFERENTIAL TRANSCRIPTION; 26-S PROTEASE AB A differential PCR technique detected the transcriptional downregulation of the mss1 (mammalian suppressor of svg1) gene in murine J774A.1 macrophages following uptake of Salmonella typhimurium. This downregulation was also noted after entry of virulent strains of Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri, two other facultative intracellular bacterial species. In contrast, uptake of nonpathogenic Escherichia coli HB101, an aroA mutant of S. typhimurium, an invasion plasmid antigen B (ipaB) mutant of S. flexneri, hemolysin (hly) and positive-regulatory factor (prfA) mutants oft. monocytogenes, or latex beads produced mss1 expression levels similar to that of uninfected macrophages, Transcriptional downregulation of mss1 was also shown to occur in S. typhimurium-infected human U937 cells, albeit to an extent less than that in murine J774A.1 cells, In addition io a lower abundance of mss1 transcripts, we also demonstrate for the first time that less MSS1 protein was detected in intracellular-bacterium-infected cells (beginning about 1 h after entry of the pathogenic intracellular bacteria) than in noninfected cells. Some strains with specific mutations in characterized genes, such as an ipaB mutant strain of S. flexneri and an hly mutant strain of L. monocytogenes, did not elicit this lower level of expression of MSS1 protein. The decrease in MSS1 within infected macrophages resulted in an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, substrates for MSS1. Since MSS1 comprises the ATPase part of the 26S protease that degrades ubiquitinated proteins, we hypothesize that downregulation of the mss1 gene by intracellular bacterial entry may help subvert the host cell's normal defensive response to internalized bacteria, allowing the intracellular bacteria to survive. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,LAB ENTER & SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 65 IS 11 BP 4754 EP 4760 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YD176 UT WOS:A1997YD17600055 PM 9353061 ER PT J AU Taylor, MD Squire, O Klontz, KC AF Taylor, MD Squire, O Klontz, KC TI Raw shellfish consumption and liver disease. Risk factor for septicemia SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS SEPSIS; INFECTIONS; SURVEILLANCE C1 US FDA,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH HFS728,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. MADIGAN ARMY MED CTR,DEPT SURG,TACOMA,WA 98431. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,GASTROENTEROL CLIN,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1056-9103 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 6 IS 8 BP 562 EP 564 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YH701 UT WOS:A1997YH70100019 ER PT J AU Ahn, CH Hwang, MS Ramsamooj, P Lee, SJ Jung, MR AF Ahn, CH Hwang, MS Ramsamooj, P Lee, SJ Jung, MR TI Rapamycin-induced apoptosis is p53-independent in human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rapamycin; prostate cell PC-3; apoptosis; p21/Wafl ID INDUCED INHIBITION; PROTEIN; KINASE; GROWTH; PROGRESSION; ACTIVATION AB We have investigated the mechanisms of rapamycin-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in the PC-3 prostate carcinoma cell line. Rapamycin induced apoptosis as well as the expression of p21(waf1) mRNA and protein, independent of p53. Rapamycin treatment also resulted in: a decrease in cdk2 kinase activity; an increase in hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb); a dephosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase; and, growth-arrest in G(1)-phase of cell cycle. These data suggest that rapamycin-induced growth arrest and apoptosis occur through the p53-independent induction of p21(waf1). Since this induction occurred soon after rapamycin treatment, possibly, the early induction of p21(waf1) and G(1)-arrest are important components of the mechanism by which rapamycin induces apoptosis in PC-3 cells. C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,DEPT RADIAT MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. US FDA,DIV ONCOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. US FDA,DIV DRUG PROD & RES & TESTING,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT JOURNAL ONCOLOGY PI ATHENS PA C/O PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS, EDITORIAL OFFICE, 1, S MERKOURI ST, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1019-6439 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1115 EP 1118 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YA623 UT WOS:A1997YA62300024 PM 21528311 ER PT J AU Benson, RW Beland, FA AF Benson, RW Beland, FA TI Modulation of urethane (ethyl carbamate) carcinogenicity by ethyl alcohol: A review SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P-450; DNA adducts; ethanol; ethyl carbamate; metabolism; tumorigenicity; urethane; vinyl carbamate; vinyl carbamate epoxide ID VINYL CARBAMATE; IN-VIVO; N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE; MICRONUCLEI INDUCTION; FERMENTED FOODS; RISK ASSESSMENT; LUNG-TUMORS; MICE; ETHANOL; METABOLISM AB Urethane (ethyl carbamate) is a carcinogen that has been detected as a contaminant in certain foods and alcoholic beverages. The carcinogenicity of urethane appears to be mediated through a metabolic pathway involving sequential cytochrome P-450-catalyzed oxidation to vinyl carbamate and vinyl carbamate epoxide, the latter of which reacts with DNA to yield etheno-type DNA adducts. The interactions of ethanol on urethane metabolism and carcinogenicity are varied and complex. Urethane is oxidized by cytochrome P-450 IIE1, an isoform induced by ethanol, which suggests that chronic ethanol consumption could increase the oxidation of urethane to its epoxide derivative. On the other hand, ethanol coadministration is known to inhibit the elimination and hydrolysis of urethane. Ethanol has decreased the tumorigenicity of urethane in two bioassays, but did not have an effect in a third. While the results to elate suggest that ethanol will decrease the metabolic activation of urethane, with a resultant decrease in tumorigenicity, additional studies are clearly necessary to elucidate the mechanisms by which ethanol influences the carcinogenicity of urethane. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV BIOCHEM TOXICOL,HFT 110,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 70 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 16 IS 6 BP 521 EP 544 DI 10.1080/109158197226865 PG 24 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YJ316 UT WOS:A1997YJ31600001 ER PT J AU Ang, CYW Luo, WH Call, VL Righter, HF AF Ang, CYW Luo, WH Call, VL Righter, HF TI Comparison of liquid chromatography with microbial inhibition assay for determination of incurred amoxicillin and ampicillin residues in milk SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LC; amoxicillin; ampicillin; incurred residues; milk; microbial method ID ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS; RECEPTOR ASSAY; PENICILLIN-G; BOVINE-MILK; IDENTIFICATION; CONFIRMATION AB A comparison was made between liquid chromatography (LC) methods and a microbial inhibition (MI) method (Bacillus stearothermophilus disk assay) for the determination of amoxicillin and ampicillin residues in milk from cows dosed with the drugs. One cow was injected intramuscularly with ampicillin, and a second cow received an intramammary infusion of amoxicillin. Milk samples were collected at various depletion time periods following administration of the drugs. The LC methods using formaldehyde and salicylaldehyde derivatization were;applied in the determination of ampicillin and amoxicillin residues, respectively. The LC salicylaldehyde derivatization method was also applied to mixed milk samples for determination of both antibiotics, and the results were in agreement with those determined separately. The MI method was applied to each type of incurred milk. No significant differences were found between the LC and MI assay methods for residue levels within the reliable detection range of the MI method. The LC method was more sensitive than the MI method for residues <10 ng/mL. C1 ARKANSAS DEPT HLTH,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. US FDA,CTR VET MED,OFF SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Ang, CYW (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV CHEM,HFT-230,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 45 IS 11 BP 4351 EP 4356 DI 10.1021/jf970307q PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YH162 UT WOS:A1997YH16200031 ER PT J AU Calvey, EM Matusik, JE White, KD DeOrazio, R Sha, DY Block, E AF Calvey, EM Matusik, JE White, KD DeOrazio, R Sha, DY Block, E TI Allium chemistry: Supercritical fluid extraction and LC-APCI-MS of thiosulfinates and related compounds from homogenates of garlic, onion, and ramp. Identification in garlic and ramp and synthesis of 1-propanesulfinothioic acid S-allyl ester SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE supercritical fluid extraction; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; LC-MS; onion, Allium cepa; garlic, Allium sativum L; ramp, Allium tricoccum Ait; thiosulfinates ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS; LACHRYMATORY FACTOR; FLAVOR PRECURSORS; CHINESE CHIVE; HPLC ANALYSIS; GENUS ALLIUM; CUT ALLIUM AB Supercritical fluid (SF) extracts of homogenized garlic (Allium sativum L.), ramp (A. tricoccum Ait.), chemical ionization mass spectrometric identification. The major thiosulfinates from garlic and ramp were readily characterized by this technique. Small quantities of ajoene, a potent antithrombotic agent, were also found in SP extracts of garlic homogenates. The profiles of onion juice extracts revealed the usual thiosulfinates, zwiebelanes, and bissulfine reported in prior studies, as well as cepaenes previously identified in extracts of onion juice through extensive isolation steps and spectroscopic methods. The presence of trace quantities of allyl compounds in onion juice and propyl compounds in garlic and ramp-homogenates has been verified by LC-mass spectrometry (MS). The presence of these compounds was not readily evident in previous analyses using gas chromatography-MS with cold-on-column injection and reversed-phase or normal phase LC with UV detection. C1 SUNY ALBANY,DEPT CHEM,ALBANY,NY 12222. RP Calvey, EM (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. RI Block, Eric/D-3989-2014 NR 45 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 45 IS 11 BP 4406 EP 4413 DI 10.1021/jf970314e PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YH162 UT WOS:A1997YH16200041 ER PT J AU Readnour, RS Coleman, MR Leadbetter, MG AF Readnour, RS Coleman, MR Leadbetter, MG TI Liquid chromatographic determination of tilmicosin in swine feed at 200-400 mg/kg level: Interlaboratory study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID EL-870 AB An analytical method for the determination of tilmicosin at 200-400 mg/kg, the intended use concentration range, was evaluated in an interlaboratory study involving 5 laboratories, including the sponsor. The interlaboratory study evaluated the intra-and interlaboratory precision and accuracy of a tilmicosin feed method. The method procedure involved extracting tilmicosin from feed by adding 200 mL extractant to 20 g feed and shaking for 1 h. The extract is filtered and analyzed by gradient liquid chromatography which separates tilmicosin from feed matrix in 30 min. Each laboratory assayed 5 replicates of fortified feed at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg, The mean recovery among fortified samples ranged from 81.4 to 98.8%, with a percent coefficient of variation (%CV) ranging from 0.3 to 4.0%. For all blank control feed samples no significant interferences were observed. In addition, each laboratory assayed 5 replicates of medicated feed samples prepared at 2 levels (200 and 400 mg/kg) with either a horizontal or vertical mixer. Along with the medicated feed samples were included 5 replicates of a blank control feed. The identities of the medicated and blank control feed samples were blinded to the analysts. The results for the medicated feed samples ranged from 95.8 to 106% of label claim, with a %CV ranging from 2.1 to 6.7%. C1 US FDA,CTR VET MED NEW ANIM DRUG EVALUAT,DIV CHEM,CHEMOTHERAPEUT BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. RP Readnour, RS (reprint author), ELANCO ANIM HLTH,2001 W MAIN ST,GREENFIELD,IN 46140, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1156 EP 1160 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YL259 UT WOS:A1997YL25900003 PM 9419853 ER PT J AU Rafii, F Lunsford, P AF Rafii, F Lunsford, P TI Survival and detection of Shigella flexneri in vegetables and commercially prepared salads SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; COMMON-SOURCE; INVASION; PLASMID; OUTBREAKS; VIRULENCE; FOODS AB The normal bacterial microflora of 4 commercially prepared salads (coleslaw, crab salad, carrot salad, and potato salad) and 3 vegetables (green pepper, onion, and cabbage) were evaluated. Twenty-eight species of bacteria, including potential pathogens, were isolated. The foods were artificially inoculated with an avirulent mutant strain of Shigella flexneri 5 (pHS1059) to develop a method for the rapid detection of Shigella spp. Bacteria were separated from insoluble and particulate salad ingredients by filtration through shark skin filter paper and by low speed centrifugation. S. flexneri survived at 4 degrees C in all salads for at least 11 days and up to 20 days in crab salad. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using primers for amplification of a 118-base pair DNA fragment from the virulence-associated spa region, present in all Shigella spp., was used to detect S. flexneri in filtrates from salads inoculated with S. flexneri 5 (pHS1059). DNA was amplified from all of the artificially contaminated salads and vegetables except green pepper. After 3-5 days of storage, the PCR also amplified S. flexneri DNA from salads that had been enriched with nutrients to increase the number of bacteria. Green peppers contained a PCR inhibitory substance that was attenuated by dilution and enrichment before the PCR. No amplification of DNA was observed in foods to which S. flexneri had not been added. RP Rafii, F (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MICROBIOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1191 EP 1197 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YL259 UT WOS:A1997YL25900008 PM 9419858 ER PT J AU Sagripanti, JL Bonifacino, A AF Sagripanti, JL Bonifacino, A TI Effects of salt and serum on the sporicidal activity of liquid disinfectants SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID GLUTARALDEHYDE AB This study compares the effects of various concentrations of salt or serum in the killing of Bacillus subtilis spores by either glutaraldehyde, sodium hypochlorite, cupric ascorbate, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, formaldehyde, or phenol, Salt affected only glutaraldehyde, its sporicidal activity increasing with an increase in concentration of sodium bicarbonate or sodium chloride. The sporicidal activity of glutaraldehyde was minimal when the concentrations of aldehyde groups and lysine residues from protein were similar, We present an equation describing the effect of serum on spore survival as a function of glutaraldehyde concentration that fits the data with a regression coefficient of 0.9. Cupric ascorbate and peracetic acid were inhibited by serum, but this effect was linked to a rise in pH. Sodium hypochlorite was the agent most sensitive to protein, with its sporicidal activity nearly disappearing in the presence of 2% serum or an equivalent amount of purified protein. RP Sagripanti, JL (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,MOL BIOL BRANCH HFZ113,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1198 EP 1207 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YL259 UT WOS:A1997YL25900009 PM 9419859 ER PT J AU Tortorello, ML Reineke, KF Stewart, DS AF Tortorello, ML Reineke, KF Stewart, DS TI Comparison of antibody direct epifluorescent filter technique with the most probable number procedure for rapid enumeration of Listeria in fresh vegetables SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID NATURALLY CONTAMINATED FOODS; DIRECT PLATING MEDIA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBE; SELECTIVE ENRICHMENT; COLONY HYBRIDIZATION; MEMBRANE FILTERS; VIABLE LISTERIA; DNA PROBE; MONOCYTOGENES AB The antibody-direct epifluorescent filter (Ab-DEFT) technique was evaluated as a rapid alternative to the most probable number (MPN) method for enumeration of artificially inoculated Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat packaged salads and other fresh vegetables. Ab-DEFT was performed by homogenization of food in mesh-lined Stomacher bags, followed by prefiltration of homogenate through a 5 mu m pore nylon filter, and passage of filtrate through a 0.4 mu m pore black polycarbonate filter to collect and concentrate Listeria cells. After cells were stained with a fluorochrome-labeled polyclonal antibody to Listeria, the filter surface was examined by epifluorescence microscopy, and fluorescent cells were counted. A 3-tube MPN procedure was performed by successive enrichments of homogenized foods in Listeria enrichment and Fraser broths, followed by selective plating. Ab-DEFT provided quantitative determinations of Listeria cells that correlated with plate counts and MPN estimates in a linear response over a range of cell concentrations from 10 to 10(7) colony forming units (CFU)/mL. Microbial backgrounds as high as 10(8) CFU/mL did not affect performance of Ab-DEFT. In contrast to the MPN method, which required 5 days to perform, quantitation by Ab-DEFT could be completed in less than 1 h. Despite cross-reactivities demonstrated by the polyclonal fluorescent antibody, the potential of Ab-DEFT as a rapid alternative to MPN for microbial cell enumeration was evident. RP Tortorello, ML (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR FOOD SAFETY & TECHNOL,SUMMIT ARGO,IL 60501, USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1208 EP 1214 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YL259 UT WOS:A1997YL25900010 PM 9419860 ER PT J AU Dobson, JEF McClure, FD Rainosek, AP AF Dobson, JEF McClure, FD Rainosek, AP TI Determination of fish flesh content in frozen coated fish products (modification of AOAC Official Method 971.13): Collaborative study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB An intralaboratory(1) collaborative study evaluated a modified version of AOAC Official Method 971.13 for determining the fish flesh content (FFC) in frozen coated fish products by comparing it with the on-line method, Eleven collaborators analyzed 36 products (a total of 6336 test samples), Each product targeted one of 4 percent fish flesh (PFF) levels (35, 50, 65, and 80), Products were manufactured from one of 3 raw materials (fillet blocks, minced blocks, and natural fillets) and processed in one of 4 forms (sticks, portions, formed portions, and fillets) and one of 4 styles (raw breaded, batter-dipped, precooked, and fully cooked). Each ''official'' test sample was tracked through the processing system and weighed (1) before battering and/or breading and, depending on product style, before frying; and (2) after battering and/or breading and, depending on product style, after frying; so that it served as its own control, These weights were used to calculate actual percent fish flesh (APFF) and considered to be generated by the on-line method. Collaborators weighed official test samples (1) before scraping; and (2) after scraping, These weights were used to calculate determined percent fish flesh (DPFF) and considered to be generated by the modified AOAC method, APFF and DPFF were the primary data for statistical analysis, Recoveries ranged from 71.75 to 106.40%, Repeatability (method precision indicator for a single collaborator) relative standard deviation (RSDr) values ranged from 1.04 to 8.37%, Corresponding reproducibility (method precision indicator among collaborators) relative standard deviation (RSDR) values ranged from 1.41 to 11.95%, The DPFF mean was lower than the APFF mean for 30 (83.33%) of 36 products, For 29 of these 30 products, the differences between method means (APFF minus DPFF) ranged from 0.38 to 6.51%, For the remaining product within this group (C/06, fillet blocks, fully cooked portions), the difference between method means was 21.73%. For the remaining 6 (16.67%) of 36 products, the DPFF mean was greater than the APFF mean, The differences between method means ranged from -0.03 to -2.76%. RSD values were considered acceptable (i.e., RSDr < 9% and RSDR < 12%) for all products studied, The modified method for determining FFC in frozen coated fish products has been adopted first action to replace AOAC Official Method 971.13. C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,US DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,OFF SCI ANAL & SUPPORT,DIV MATH,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. UNIV S ALABAMA,DEPT MATH & STAT,MOBILE,AL 36688. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM,NATL SEAFOOD INSPECT LAB,PASCAGOULA,MS 39568. RP Dobson, JEF (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM,TECH SERV BRANCH,GLOUCESTER,MA 01930, USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1235 EP 1271 PG 37 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YL259 UT WOS:A1997YL25900014 PM 9419864 ER PT J AU Reina, RJ White, KD Jahngen, EGE AF Reina, RJ White, KD Jahngen, EGE TI Validated method for quantitation and identification of 4,4-desmethylsterols and triterpene diols in plant oils by thin-layer chromatography high resolution gas chromatography mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID VEGETABLE-OILS; OLIVE OIL; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STEROLS; ADULTERATION AB Alkaline hydrolysis was performed on a series of different vegetable oils. The unsaponifiable lipid matter was extracted with ethyl ether, and the class of 4,4-desmethylsterols (sterols) plus the triterpene diols (diols) erythrodiol, uvaol, and betulinol were isolated by thin-layer chromatography. A validated method using the acetate derivatives of sterols instead of their silyl ethers is presented. The acetate derivatives were analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC), Retention time, precision, recovery studies, and absolute response factors were calculated for these esters, and GC/mass spectrometric structure of the assigned retention times was confirmed for the sterols and triterpene diols. C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT CHEM,LOWELL,MA 01854. RP Reina, RJ (reprint author), US FDA,WINCHESTER ENGN & ANALYT CTR,109 HOLTON ST,WINCHESTER,MA 01890, USA. NR 39 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1272 EP 1280 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YL259 UT WOS:A1997YL25900015 PM 9419865 ER PT J AU Gangi, VJ Leonard, IE Rodriguez, AA Margolin, AB AF Gangi, VJ Leonard, IE Rodriguez, AA Margolin, AB TI Evaluation of materials as bacterial spore carriers for testing disinfectants SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY; PENICYLINDERS; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; ADHESION AB Prototype objects made of steel, glass, and various polymers were evaluated in relation to currently used objects made of silk suture and porcelain for their use as bacterial spore carriers for testing the sporicidal activity of disinfectants. The carriers were inoculated with spores of Bacillus subtilis. Spore retention was determined by detachment from the carriers by sonication and rinsing. Inoculated carriers were exposed to 2.5N HCl and 2.5% glutaraldehyde solutions to determine the effect of carrier material on spore inactivation. Carriers with the highest and lowest spore retention were steel-silicone mix carriers (1.7 x 10(6) spores/carrier) and polyvinylchloride cylinders (3.8 x 10(5) spores/carrier), respectively. Spore adhesion to carrier objects was not directly proportional to carrier surface area. Spores on silk sutures, grooved steel, and Teflon carriers survived longest in HCl solution. Spores on Teflon, grooved stainless steel, and glass cylinders survived longest in glutaraldehyde solution. In chemical and spore adhesion tests, no significant statistical differences were found between novel carrier materials and current spore carrier materials. The methods used for evaluating carrier materials were reliable and repeatable. C1 UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT MICROBIOL,DURHAM,NH 03824. RP Gangi, VJ (reprint author), US FDA,WINCHESTER ENGN & ANALYT CTR,109 HOLTON ST,WINCHESTER,MA 01890, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1361 EP 1367 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YL259 UT WOS:A1997YL25900026 ER PT J AU Zhang, MJ Dayton, AI AF Zhang, MJ Dayton, AI TI Development of a nuclear export signal trapping method for isolating genes with HIV Rev activity SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rev; nuclear export; nucleocytoplasmic transport; nuclear export signal ID EXPRESSION; TYPE-1; ELEMENT AB We have developed a method for nuclear export signal trapping (NEST) to isolate functional Rev clones from various types of libraries such as libraries of Rev mutants. The expression libraries are cotransfected into COS cells together with a novel Rev-dependent immunoselectable CD28 expression plasmid, pCMV 128-CD28. CD28-positive cells are recovered by FACS or by immune precipitation with magnetic beads, and the low-molecular-weight extra chromosomal DNA is recovered, amplified for Rev-containing DNA by PCR and recloned into expression plasmids. The resulting clones are enriched for functional Rev clones. These can be recovered efficiently after several repetitive NEST cycles. This technique may be usefully applied to study various regions of Rev, such as the RNA binding domain and the nuclear export signal, or effector domain and potentially to the isolation of cellular factors with nuclear export capabilities. C1 US FDA, CBER, Div Transfus Transmitted Dis, Mol Virol Lab, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Dayton, AI (reprint author), US FDA, CBER, Div Transfus Transmitted Dis, Mol Virol Lab, HFM 315,1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1021-7770 J9 J BIOMED SCI JI J. Biomed. Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 4 IS 6 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1007/BF02258352 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YR320 UT WOS:000071483400003 ER PT J AU Looker, AC Orwoll, ES Johnston, CC Lindsay, RL Wahner, HW Dunn, WL Calvo, MS Harris, TB Heyse, SP AF Looker, AC Orwoll, ES Johnston, CC Lindsay, RL Wahner, HW Dunn, WL Calvo, MS Harris, TB Heyse, SP TI Prevalence of low femoral bone density in older US adults from NHANES III SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 09-13, 1995 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res ID MEXICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; HIP FRACTURE; MINERAL DENSITY; OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SEX-DIFFERENCES; SECULAR TRENDS; PREDICTION; MASS; RISK AB Most estimates of osteoporosis in older U.S. adults have been based on its occurrence in white women, even though it is known to affect men and minority women, In the present study, we used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of femoral bone mineral density (BMD) from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994) to estimate the overall scope of the disease in the older U.S. population, Specifically, we estimate prevalences of low femoral BMD in women 50 years and older and explore different approaches for defining low BMD in older men ire that age range, Low BMD levels were defined in accordance with an approach proposed by an expert panel of the World Health Organization and used BMD data from 382 non-Hispanic white (NHW) men or 409 NHW women ages 20-29 years from the NHANES III dataset, For women, estimates indicate 13-18%, or 4-6 million, have osteoporosis (i.e., BMD >2.5 standard deviations [SD] below the mean of young NHW women) and 37-50%, or 13-17 million, have osteopenia (BMD between 1 and 2.5 SD below the mean of young NHW women), For men, these numbers depend on the gender of the reference group used to define cutoff values, When based on male cutoffs, 3-6% (1-2 million) of men have osteoporosis and 28-47% (8-13 million) have osteopenia; when based on female cutoffs, 1-4% (280,000-1 million) have osteoporosis and 15-33% (4-9 million) have osteopenia, Most of the older U.S. adults with low femur BMD are women, but, regardless of which cutoffs are used, the number of men is substantial. C1 OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97201. PORTLAND VA MED CTR,PORTLAND,OR. INDIANA UNIV,MED CTR,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. HELEN HAYES HOSP,REG BONE CTR,W HAVERSTRAW,NY. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NIA,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIAID,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Looker, AC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 900,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. OI Orwoll, Eric/0000-0002-8520-7355 NR 47 TC 673 Z9 697 U1 6 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1761 EP 1768 DI 10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.11.1761 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA YE194 UT WOS:A1997YE19400001 PM 9383679 ER PT J AU Andrew, SM Frobish, RA Paape, MJ Maturin, LJ AF Andrew, SM Frobish, RA Paape, MJ Maturin, LJ TI Evaluation of selected antibiotic residue screening tests for milk from individual cows and examination of factors that affect the probability of false-positive outcomes SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cows; beta-lactam residue; screening tests ID SOMATIC-CELL COUNTS; MASTITIS; CATTLE; ASSAY AB Total composite milk samples from 131 cows in one herd were analyzed. Eight beta-lactam residue screening tests were evaluated for performance using milk from individual cows and factors that affect the rate of false-positive outcomes were determined. Cows were not treated with an antibiotic for at least 30 d prior to sampling. Tests evaluated were Delvotest(R) P, Charm Cowside, Charm Farm, Penzyme(R), Valio T101, LacTek(TM), CITE Probe(R), and Charm Bacillus stearothermophilus disk assay. Cows averaged 155 d of lactation. Milk production at the time of sampling ranged from 3.6 to 26.3 kg per milking per cow. The somatic cell count of milk averaged 243 x 10(3)/ml and ranged from 8.5 x 10(3)/ml to 3437 x 10(3)/ml. Total viable bacteria counts averaged 197.8 x 10(3)/ml. Total coliform counts ranged from 0 to 205/ml. Selectivity rates (rate of truly negative samples that were found to be negative by the assay) were greater than 90% for all tests except the CITE Probe(R) test. Use of logistic regression showed that an increase in colony-forming units was associated with a decrease in the probability of a false-positive outcome for the CITE Probe(R) test. Milk production, coliform counts, and parity each affected the probabilities of positive outcomes for different tests. Except for one test, selectivity rates of the beta-lactam residue screening tests for milk from individual cows was greater than 0.9. C1 US FDA,CTR VET MED,RES OFF,LAUREL,MD 20708. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,LAB ASSURANCE BRANCH,SUMMIT ARGO,IL 60501. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 80 IS 11 BP 3050 EP 3057 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA YH595 UT WOS:A1997YH59500044 PM 9406098 ER PT J AU Murakami, EG AF Murakami, EG TI The thermal properties of potatoes and carrots as affected by thermal processing SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTIVITY; DIFFUSIVITY; SIMULATION; FOODS AB The effects of processing on the thermal properties of white potatoes and carrots were studied. The test samples were blanched, boiled, cooked and canned. Whole potato tubers were baked to study the effects of starch gelatinization. The thermal conductivity (k) and density (rho) were measured and the specific heat (c(p)) and thermal diffusivity (alpha) were calculated. Results showed that in general, alpha initially decreased and then increased during processing. Test samples were found to have a gain in a! when their moisture content increased by more than 9%. The ct of potatoes decreased after canning and increased after boiling. In carrots, a similar trend was also observed but to a lesser degree. The alpha of potatoes was unaffected after blanching or cooking. In all the processing treatments of carrots, the k and the c(p) increased and the rho was unaffected. The baking study showed that gelatinization significantly decreased the k of potatoes. RP Murakami, EG (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR FOOD SAFETY & TECHNOL,6502 S ARCHER AVE,SUMMIT ARGO,IL 60501, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0145-8876 J9 J FOOD PROCESS ENG JI J. Food Process Eng. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 20 IS 5 BP 415 EP 432 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4530.1997.tb00431.x PG 18 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA YK669 UT WOS:A1997YK66900005 ER PT J AU Tauxe, R Kruse, H Hedberg, C Potter, M Madden, J Wachsmuth, K AF Tauxe, R Kruse, H Hedberg, C Potter, M Madden, J Wachsmuth, K TI Microbial hazards and emerging issues associated with produce - A preliminary report to the National Advisory Committee on Microbiologic Criteria for Foods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ILSI Symposium on Ensuring a Safe Global Food Supply at the 83rd IAMFES Annual Meeting CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1996 CL SEATTLE, WA SP ILSI N Amer, Tech Comm Food Microbiol, Int Assoc Milk Food & Environm Sanitorians DE foodborne disease; outbreaks; produce; disease prevention ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PRESSED APPLE CIDER; SHIGELLA-SONNEI; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; FRESH VEGETABLES; ICEBERG LETTUCE; NORWALK VIRUS; 2 OUTBREAKS; HEPATITIS-A; SURVIVAL AB In the past two decades, the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables in the United States has increased, and the geographic sources and distribution of fresh produce have expanded greatly. Concomitantly, public health officials have documented an increase in the number of reported produce-associated foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that the number of these outbreaks doubled between 1973 and 1987, and 1988 and 1991, and that the number of cases of illness associated with these outbreaks more than doubled. A variety of produce items have been affected. During 1995 alone, major outbreak investigations linked infections with Salmonella serotype Stanley to alfalfa sprouts, Salmonella Hartford to unpasteurized orange juice, Shigella spp. to lettuce and green onions, Escherichia coli O157:H7 to lettuce, and hepatitis A virus to tomatoes. In response to this apparent increase, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration asked the National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods to address and better define the association of foodborne disease and microbial pathogens with fresh produce. A subcommittee formed in June 1995 is documenting relevant epidemiologic data, current industry practices, and laboratory data to identify potential hazards and related control strategies. This report presents the preliminary findings of that subcommittee. C1 US FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 67 TC 226 Z9 230 U1 1 U2 21 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 60 IS 11 BP 1400 EP 1408 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA YH532 UT WOS:A1997YH53200021 ER PT J AU Platek, SF Ranieri, N Wolnik, KA AF Platek, SF Ranieri, N Wolnik, KA TI A false report of product tampering involving a rodent and soft drink can: Light microscopy, image analysis and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Sciences CY FEB 19-24, 1996 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; light microscopy; image analysis; scanning electron microscopy; energy dispersive X-ray analysis; soft drink; mouse; tampering; false report of tampering AB The ''Pepsi(R) Tamperings'' of 1993 resulted in a large number of cases involving foreign objects reportedly found inside canned soft drinks. Although the majority of cases involved medical syringes and metallic objects, one case involved the report of a mouse found inside a can of Caffeine-Free Diet Pepsi. Using light and polarized light microscopy and computer-assisted image analysis, trace evidence and tooth structure from the suspect mouse were matched to scratches and indentions on the suspect can. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis were used to compare and match particles of gnawed metal from the lid of the suspect can to other particles recovered from the muzzle and stomach of the suspect mouse. The forensic analyses in this case proved the mouse could not have been canned in the soft drink product and refuted the defendant's sworn statements. RP Platek, SF (reprint author), US FDA,FORENS CHEM CTR,INORGAN BRANCH,1141 CENT PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45202, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1171 EP 1175 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA YF717 UT WOS:A1997YF71700033 ER PT J AU Oravecz, T Pall, M Wang, JH Roderiquez, G Ditto, M Norcross, MA AF Oravecz, T Pall, M Wang, JH Roderiquez, G Ditto, M Norcross, MA TI Regulation of anti-HIV-1 activity of RANTES by heparan sulfate proteoglycans SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 7-TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN RECEPTOR; T-CELL-LINE; HIV-1 INFECTION; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; HUMAN-MONOCYTES; CHEMOKINE; ENTRY; CLONING; SURFACE; REPLICATION AB The role of cell surface proteoglycans in CC chemokine-mediated anti-HIV-1 activity in T cells and macrophages was investigated. Enzyme digestion of heparan sulfate (HS), but not chondroitin sulfate, from the surface of PM1(CD26H) cells (a human T cell line selected for high CD26 expression) rendered them resistant to the antiviral effects of RANTES and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1 beta at otherwise inhibitory chemokine concentrations. HIV-1 infection of macrophages, however, was inhibited only partially, even at high concentrations of RANTES, and this inhibition was not prevented by HS removal, Flow cytometry revealed that digestion of cell surface proteoglycans, including HS, prevented the binding of RANTES at 10 to 100 nM concentrations to pM1(CD26H) cells, However, the binding of RANTES to activated macrophages occurred only at higher concentrations (100-300 nM) and was mostly chondroitin sulfate, and not HS, dependent. These results support a role for HS in facilitating the interaction of CC chemokines with the cell surface and the consequent inhibition of HIV-1 infection, The absence of HS-dependent binding of RANTES at lower concentrations to macrophages is consistent with the resistance of these cells to the antiviral effects of chemokines. C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Hematol Prod, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Oravecz, T (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Hematol Prod, NIH, Bldg 29B,Room 4E12,HPM-541, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 34 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 159 IS 9 BP 4587 EP 4592 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YW260 UT WOS:000071914500056 PM 9379060 ER PT J AU Cerniglia, CE AF Cerniglia, CE TI Fungal metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Past, present and future applications in bioremediation SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 96th Annual General Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 19-24, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Soc Microbiol DE fungi; biotransformation; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; bioremediation ID WHITE-ROT FUNGUS; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; CUNNINGHAMELLA-ELEGANS; ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS; CRINIPELLIS-STIPITARIA; PLEUROTUS-OSTREATUS; MICROBIAL-METABOLISM; XENOBIOTIC COMPOUNDS; TRAMETES-VERSICOLOR; CONTAMINATED SOIL AB This article examines the importance of non-ligninolytic and ligninolytic fungi in the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated wastes, The research from the initial studies in Dave Gibson's laboratory to the present are discussed. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Microbiol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Cerniglia, CE (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Microbiol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 111 TC 190 Z9 198 U1 9 U2 51 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 19 IS 5-6 BP 324 EP 333 DI 10.1038/sj.jim.2900459 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA YP201 UT WOS:000071252700003 PM 9451829 ER PT J AU Dixon, LG Hamdy, MK Hayden, MA Lancette, GA AF Dixon, LG Hamdy, MK Hayden, MA Lancette, GA TI ELISA for detecting okadaic acid in model systems using purified polyclonal antibodies SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIARRHETIC SHELLFISH TOXINS; POTENT TUMOR PROMOTER; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOUSE SKIN; DINOPHYSISTOXIN-1; SPECIFICITY; DERIVATIVES; INHIBITION; AFFINITY AB Polyclonal antibodies were produced in rabbits against okadaic acid (OA) following its coupling to bovine serum albumin using standard carbodiimide condensation procedure to form the immunogen. The immunogen was dialyzed against Tris buffer pH 7.45 at 4C and used to immunize two rabbits. Each rabbit received (at four sites) 0.5 mt immunogen (i.d.) together with adjuvant followed by three repeated injections of 0.3 mt emulsified immunogen-adjuvant mixture at weekly intervals. The last injection was made 60 days after the fourth. The antiserum was collected, at intervals, the immunoglobulin fraction (IgG) isolated purified and used in an ELISA system to capture the okadaic moiety of the immunogen. Antibody titers increased following repeated immunization and the IgG recognized low levels of OA. However, ELISA was more sensitive for detecting the immunogen than for pure OA, but using the biotinylated-IgG enhanced the titration to both and the detection limit for OA war; 0.63 ng per 0.1 mL buffer-methanol and the assay linearity ranged from 0.63 to 5.0 ng OA. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US FDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hamdy, MK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J. Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 5 IS 4 BP 269 EP 283 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.1997.tb00170.x PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA YL895 UT WOS:000071005300002 ER PT J AU Cohen, A Hirshfield, I AF Cohen, A Hirshfield, I TI Effect of an oxygen-reducing membrane fraction on Helicobacter pylori SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER; VIABILITY; SURVIVAL; FECES AB The emerging gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori is an oxygen-sensitive fastidious microaerophile. Culturability of this organism is rapidly lost in oxygen levels present in the atmosphere due to its morphological transformation into a viable but not culturable state. The effect of the Oxyrase(TM) system of oxygen-reducing membrane fragments on H. pylori was evaluated at levels ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 Units/mL in Brucella broth supplemented with 5% horse serum. Duplicate sets of Oxyrase(TM) dilutions inoculated with H. pylori were incubated at 35C aerobically and microaerobically. At these Oxyrase(TM) levels, a logarithmic loss of H. pylori viability was evident in the aerobic cultures. The inoculum remained recoverable for 24 h in the presence of Oxyrase(TM), whereas recovery of inoculum in untreated broth was greatly reduced after 8 h of aerobic incubation, and the organism was unrecoverable after 24 h. Oxyrase(TM)-containing broth cultures of H. pylori incubated microaerobically showed a similar drop in viable counts for the first 48 h of incubation; however, at the lower levels of Oxyrase(TM), some cells survived and resumed logarithmic growth at 96 h. To explore the effects of short term aerobic incubation in the presence of 0, 0.005, 0.05, and 0.5 Units Oxyrase(TM), cultures were examined microscopically after 4, 8, and 24 h. In the Oxyrase(TM)-containing broths, <90% of the cells exhibited rod shape morphology after 8 h, whereas in the untreated broth, most cells appeared coccoid. After 24 h, all cells exhibited coccoid morphology. C1 US FDA, NE Reg Lab, Brooklyn, NY 11232 USA. St Johns Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA. RP Cohen, A (reprint author), US FDA, NE Reg Lab, 850 3rd Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11232 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J. Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 5 IS 4 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.1997.tb00173.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA YL895 UT WOS:000071005300005 ER PT J AU Wang, RF Campbell, W Cerniglia, CE AF Wang, RF Campbell, W Cerniglia, CE TI A two-hour, single-step RT-PCR protocol for detection of RNA-Virus SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MOUSE HEPATITIS-VIRUS AB A rapid protocol of RT-PCR for the detection of RNA-Virus, Mouse Hepatitis Virus, was developed. An Idaho Air-Thermal Cycler war used with 5 mM MgCl2 in the buffer so that both RT and PCR steps can be run in one tube and the total detection time is less than two hours. C1 Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Microbiol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Wang, RF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Microbiol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J. Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 5 IS 4 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.1997.tb00175.x PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA YL895 UT WOS:000071005300007 ER PT J AU Pennington, JAT Wilkening, VL AF Pennington, JAT Wilkening, VL TI Final regulations for the nutrition labeling of raw fruits, vegetables, and fish SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review AB In August 1996, the US Food and Drug Administration published regulations that revised the guidelines for voluntary nutrition labeling of raw fruits, vegetables, and fish; revised the criteria for retailers' compliance with the guidelines; and updated the nutrition labeling values for the 20 most frequently consumed raw fruits, vegetables, and fish. These actions were in response to the requirements of the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 and make the voluntary nutrition labeling program more consistent with mandatory nutrition labeling of other foods. The provisions of the final rule are important for dietitians who develop nutrition education materials for retail stores and for dietitians who instruct patients and clients in selecting foods according to nutrition labeling information. C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,OFF FOOD LABELING,DIV TECH EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NIDDKD,DIV NUTR RES COORDINAT,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Pennington, JAT (reprint author), NIDDKD,DIV NUTR RES COORDINAT,NIH,NATCHER BLDG,45 CTR DR,MSC 6600,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1299 EP 1305 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(97)00310-6 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YE622 UT WOS:A1997YE62200018 PM 9366869 ER PT J AU Baldwin, R Bethem, RA Boyd, RK Budde, WL Cairns, T Gibbons, RD Henion, JD Kaiser, MA Lewis, DL MAtusik, JE Sphon, JA Stephany, RW Trubey, RK AF Baldwin, R Bethem, RA Boyd, RK Budde, WL Cairns, T Gibbons, RD Henion, JD Kaiser, MA Lewis, DL MAtusik, JE Sphon, JA Stephany, RW Trubey, RK TI 1996 ASMS Fall Workshop: Limits to Confirmation, Quantitation, and Detection SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CRITERIA; QUALITY C1 ALTA ANALYT LAB,EL DORADO HILLS,CA. NATL RES COUNCIL,HALIFAX,NS,CANADA. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. PSYCHEMED CORP,CULVER CITY,CA. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT BIOMETR,CHICAGO,IL. ADV BIOANALYT SERV INC,ITHACA,NY. DUPONT CENT RES & DEV,CORP CTR ANALYT SCI,WILMINGTON,DE. RADIAN INT,AUSTIN,TX. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DAMICO MASS SPECTROMETRY LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM,RIVM,NL-3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. DUPONT AGR PROD,WILMINGTON,DE. RP Baldwin, R (reprint author), US FDA,DIV FIELD SCI,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 36 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1180 EP 1190 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA YB445 UT WOS:A1997YB44500009 ER PT J AU Farshid, M Mitchell, F Biswas, R Ndimbie, OK DIng, M AF Farshid, M Mitchell, F Biswas, R Ndimbie, OK DIng, M TI Prevalence of hepatitis G virus in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients and in HCV-contaminated intravenous immunoglobulin products SO JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS LA English DT Article DE GBV-C; HCV; HGV; HGV-HCV coinfection ID NON-A; NON-B; INFECTION; CLONING; RNA AB Hepatitis GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (HGV) is an RNA virus, which appears to be transmitted by parenteral exposure to contaminated blood and blood products, and may be associated with clinical hepatitis in humans. The prevalence of HGV was investigated in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients, and (HCV)-contaminated immune globulin intravenous products (IGIV), manufactured prior to the introduction of viral inactivation processing, and in recipients of these lots, Nested primers, specific for the 5' non-coding region of HGV, were designed and used to test 100 chronic HCV patients, 10 HCV RNA-positive IGIV lots and 36 of the recipients of these products. Hepatitis G virus specificity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products was confirmed by sequencing a number of the amplified products and comparing the results with the published prototype sequence for HGV RNA. HGV RNA was detected in 23 of the 100 (23%) HCV-infected patients, The level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was lower in HCV-HGV coinfected patients than those with HCV infection alone. Hence, the severity of HCV infections is not influenced by HGV. Two of the 10 (20%) IGIV lots tested positive for HGV RNA; however, none of the serum samples from recipients of IGIV contained detectable HGV RNA although many were infected with HCV. This suggests that the transmission of HGV RNA from IGIV to the recipients is less efficient than that seen for HCV. C1 FOOD & DRUG ADM,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV TRANSFUS TRANSMITTED DIS,HEPATATIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV PITTSBURGH,MED CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 1352-0504 J9 J VIRAL HEPATITIS JI J. Viral Hepatitis PD NOV PY 1997 VL 4 IS 6 BP 415 EP 419 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2893.1997.00070.x PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA YG449 UT WOS:A1997YG44900008 PM 9430362 ER PT J AU Kramer, JKC Fellner, V Dugan, MER Sauer, FD Mossoba, MM Yurawecz, MP AF Kramer, JKC Fellner, V Dugan, MER Sauer, FD Mossoba, MM Yurawecz, MP TI Evaluating acid and base catalysts in the methylation of milk and rumen fatty acids with special emphasis on conjugated dienes and total trans fatty acids SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID LINOLEIC-ACID; DAIRY-PRODUCTS; OCTADECA-9,11-DIENOIC ACID; GEOMETRICAL-ISOMERS; RAPID-DETERMINATION; HYDROGENATED OILS; EUROPEAN DIETS; BOVINE-MILK; IDENTIFICATION; ESTERIFICATION AB Milk analysis is receiving increased attention. Milk contains conjugated octadecadienoic acids (18:2) purported to be anticarcinogenic, low levels of essential fatty acids, and trans fatty acids that increase when essential fatty acids are increased in dairy rations. Milk and rumen fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were prepared using several acid-(HCl, BF3, acetyl chloride, H2SO4) or base-catalysts (NaOCH3, tetramethylguanidine, diazomethane), or combinations thereof. All acid-catalyzed procedures resulted in decreased cis/trans (Delta 9c,11t-18:2) and increased trans/trans (Delta 9t,11t-18:2) conjugated dienes and the production of allylic methoxy artifacts, The methoxy artifacts were identified by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC)-mass spectroscopy. The base-catalyzed procedures gave no isomerization of conjugated dienes and no methoxy artifacts, but they did not transesterify N-acyl lipids such as sphingomyelin, and NaOCH3 did not methylate free fatty acids. In addition, reaction with tetramethylguanidine coextracted material with hexane that interfered with the determination of the short-chain FAME by GLC. Acid-catalyzed methylation resulted in the loss of about 12% total conjugated dienes, 42% recovery of the Delta 9c,11t-18:2 isomer, a fourfold increase in Delta 9t,11t-18:2, and the formation of methoxy artifacts, compared with the base-catalyzed reactions. Total milk FAME showed significant infrared (IR) absorption due to conjugated dienes at 985 and 948 cm(-1). The IR determination of total trans content of milk FAME was not fully satisfactory because the 966 cm(-1) trans band overlapped with the conjugated diene bands. IR accuracy was limited by the fact that the absorptivity of methyl elaidate, used as calibration standard, was different from those of the other minor trans fatty acids (e.g., dienes) found in milk. In addition, acid-catalyzed reactions produced interfering material that absorbed extensively in the trans IR region. No single method or combination of methods could adequately prepare FAME from all lipid classes in milk or rumen lipids, and not affect the conjugated dienes. The best compromise for milk fatty acids was obtained with NaOCH3 followed by HCl or BF3, or diazomethane Followed by NaOCH3, being aware that sphingomyelins are ignored. For rumen samples, the best method was diazomethane followed by NaOCH3. C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP Kramer, JKC (reprint author), AGR CANADA,CTR FOOD & ANIM RES,RES BRANCH,4046 NEATBY BLDG,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0C6,CANADA. NR 59 TC 464 Z9 483 U1 2 U2 53 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD NOV PY 1997 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1219 EP 1228 DI 10.1007/s11745-997-0156-3 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA YG575 UT WOS:A1997YG57500012 PM 9397408 ER PT J AU Klontz, KC AF Klontz, KC TI Frequency of infected aneurysms among patients in Department of Veterans Affairs Hospitals, 1986-1990: The role of Salmonella SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ABDOMINAL-AORTA; BACTEREMIA; EXPERIENCE AB Patients with infected aneurysms discharged from Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals during fiscal years 1986 to 1990 were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes to determine the proportion of patients infected with Salmonella, Twenty-three patients with infected aneurysms were identified, All patients were males; the median age was 63 years. A Gram-positive organism was recovered from 16 patients (70%), a Gram-negative organism from 6 patients (26%), and a fungus from 1 patient. Three patients, all with aneurysms of the abdominal aorta, were infected with Salmonella. Overall, the vessels most often involved included arteries of the extremities (10 patients) and the abdominal or thoracic aorta (9 patients). An increased incidence of nontyphoidal salmonellosis in the United States during the last few decades, along with an aging of the U.S. population, suggests that Salmonella can be expected to maintain a niche in the bacteriology of infected aneurysms. RP Klontz, KC (reprint author), US FDA,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,HFS 728,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 162 IS 11 BP 766 EP 768 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YD465 UT WOS:A1997YD46500015 PM 9358726 ER PT J AU Bai, R Ewell, JB Nguyen, NY Hamel, E AF Bai, R Ewell, JB Nguyen, NY Hamel, E TI Localization of the nonexchangeable GTP binding site on alpha-tubulin. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,LAB DRUG DISCOVERY RES & DEV,FREDERICK,MD 21702. US FDA,FACIL BIOTECHNOL RESOURCES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 268 EP 268 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09600266 ER PT J AU Hu, L Kopecko, DJ AF Hu, L Kopecko, DJ TI Direct evidence for co-localization of Campylobacter jejuni with microtubules during internalization into INT407 epithelial cells. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,LAB ENTER & SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,CBER,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 679 EP 679 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09600678 ER PT J AU Romanova, LY Alexandrov, IA Nguyen, PM Nordan, RP Trepel, J Mushinski, JF AF Romanova, LY Alexandrov, IA Nguyen, PM Nordan, RP Trepel, J Mushinski, JF TI PKC-delta induces rounding and cell cycle arrest of lymphoid cells by disrupting growth factor-mediated assembly of actin-rich ruffled protrusions SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,GENET LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NCI,MED BRANCH,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,DIV MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES,CBER,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 763 EP 763 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09600763 ER PT J AU McLeod, L Alayash, A AF McLeod, L Alayash, A TI The effects of a hemoglobin based oxygen carrier in an endothelial cell model of ischemia and reperfusion. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20878. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 1344 EP 1344 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09601343 ER PT J AU Gadina, M Bacon, CM Larner, AC OShea, JJ AF Gadina, M Bacon, CM Larner, AC OShea, JJ TI SHP-2 positively regulates IL-2 signaling SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIAMSD,LYMPHOCYTE CELL BIOL SECT,ARTHRIT & RHEUMATISM BRANCH,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CYTOKINE BIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 1422 EP 1422 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09601419 ER PT J AU Rao, P Dougherty, SF Pluznik, DH AF Rao, P Dougherty, SF Pluznik, DH TI Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of GM-CSF expression in murine macrophages involves integrin-dependent costimulatory pathways. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL PROD,BETHESDA,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 1669 EP 1669 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09601663 ER PT J AU Mucci, D Whiteley, M Kassis, J AF Mucci, D Whiteley, M Kassis, J TI Characterization of the engrailed/invected chromatin domain SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CELLULAR & GENE THERAPIES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 1864 EP 1864 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09601859 ER PT J AU Schwetz, B Gaylor, D AF Schwetz, B Gaylor, D TI New directions for predicting carcinogenesis SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment - New Approaches for Assessing the Carcinogenic Potential of Chemicals CY DEC 04-07, 1996 CL AUSTIN, TX DE carcinogenesis; alternative tests; regulations ID RODENT CARCINOGENICITY; 44 CHEMICALS; POTENCY AB Carcinogenicity testing today normally includes conducting 2-yr studies of rats and mice of both sexes and following widely accepted procedures for husbandry, selection of dose levels, pathology and toxicity observations, and statistical interpretation of tumor data. These studies are usually preceded by tests for genetic toxicity and subchronic toxicity studies to select dose levels for the 2-yr studies. While these data are used for quantitative risk assessment, the mechanistic basis for effects is usually unknown, and such series of studies are very expensive and require five or more years to conduct. Alternate approaches are being developed that would provide more mechanistic information and perhaps would permit decisions to be made about carcinogenic potential without the need to conduct 2-yr studies of rats and mice of both sexes. Decisions could be based on a profile of data rather than the result of one test. Regulatory acceptance of new approaches for carcinogenicity testing is critical to future progress in the field of carcinogenesis. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Schwetz, B (reprint author), US FDA, OFF DIRECTOR, NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, 3900 NCTR RD, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-1987 EI 1098-2744 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3 BP 275 EP 279 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2744(199711)20:3<275::AID-MC3>3.0.CO;2-K PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA YJ382 UT WOS:A1997YJ38200003 PM 9397187 ER PT J AU Jackson, GJ AF Jackson, GJ TI Outline of the life of Stoll SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Item About an Individual RP Jackson, GJ (reprint author), US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD NOV PY 1997 VL 13 IS 11 BP 409 EP 409 DI 10.1016/S0169-4758(97)90020-X PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA YE090 UT WOS:A1997YE09000002 ER PT J AU Denny, VF Marsik, FJ AF Denny, VF Marsik, FJ TI Current practices in the use of disinfectants within the pharmaceutical industry SO PDA JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Peak To Peak Pharmaceut Associates, Boulder, CO USA. US FDA, CDER, Div Anti Infect Drug Prod, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Denny, VF (reprint author), 2706 Winding Trail Pl, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARENTERAL DRUG ASSOC INC PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 620, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1076-397X J9 PDA J PHARM SCI TECH JI PDA J. Pharm. Sci. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 51 IS 6 BP 227 EP 228 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Engineering; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YQ609 UT WOS:000071405000002 PM 9448431 ER PT J AU Davis, RL Marcuse, E Black, S Shinefield, H Givens, B Schwalbe, J Ray, P Thompson, RS Chen, R Glasser, JW Rhodes, PH Swint, E Jackson, LA Barlow, WE Immanuel, VH Benson, PJ Mullooly, JP Drew, L Mendius, B Lewis, N Fireman, BH Ward, JI Vadheim, CM Marcy, SM Jing, J Wulfson, M Lugg, M Osborne, P Wise, RP Rastogi, S Patriarca, P Caserta, V AF Davis, RL Marcuse, E Black, S Shinefield, H Givens, B Schwalbe, J Ray, P Thompson, RS Chen, R Glasser, JW Rhodes, PH Swint, E Jackson, LA Barlow, WE Immanuel, VH Benson, PJ Mullooly, JP Drew, L Mendius, B Lewis, N Fireman, BH Ward, JI Vadheim, CM Marcy, SM Jing, J Wulfson, M Lugg, M Osborne, P Wise, RP Rastogi, S Patriarca, P Caserta, V TI MMR2 immunization at 4 to 5 years and 10 to 12 years of age: A comparison of adverse clinical events after immunization in the Vaccine Safety Datalink Project SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine; adverse reactions; second dose; dose schedule ID MEASLES AB Background. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends a second dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR2) at age 4 to 5 years of age, whereas the American Academy of Pediatrics suggests MMR2 immunization at age 11 to 12 years of age. Because there is little information on whether the rate of adverse reactions to MMR2 immunization varies among these two age groups, we took advantage of differing immunization policies at two large HMOs to compare the frequency of clinical events after, and possibly related to, MMR2 immunization. Methods. information was collected on clinical events plausibly associated to MMR immunization (seizures, pyrexia, malaise/fatigue, nervous/musculoskeletal symptoms, rash, edema, induration/ecchymoses, lymphadenopathy, thrombocytopenia, aseptic meningitis, and joint pain) in two cohorts. At three facilities at Northern California Raiser (Oakland, CA), 8514 children received MMR2 immunization at age 4 to 6 years of age; at Group Health Cooperative (Seattle, WA) 18036 children received MMR2 immunization at age 10 to 12 years of age. To account for age-related differences in health care use, within each HMO, clinical events in a 30-day period after immunization were compared with a 30-day period before vaccination. Results. Children 10 to 12 years of age were 50% more likely to have a clinical event after MMR2 immunization than in the period before immunization (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% confidence interval: 1.00,2.10). Children 4 to 6 years of age were less likely to have a visit for an event after immunization compared with the period before immunization (odds ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval: 0.40,1.01). Conclusions. These results suggest that the risk for clinical events after MMR2 immunizations is greater in the 10- to 12-year age group. C1 KAISER PERMANENTE VACCINE STUDY CTR,OAKLAND,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HARBOR UCLA MED CTR,CTR VACCINE RES,TORRANCE,CA. KAISER PERMANENTE SO CALIF,PASADENA,CA. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM,DIV VACCINE INJURY COMPENSAT,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP Davis, RL (reprint author), GRP HLTH COOPERAT PUGET SOUND,CTR HLTH STUDIES,IMMUNIZAT STUDIES PROGRAM,1730 MINOR AVE,SEATTLE,WA 98101, USA. NR 14 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1997 VL 100 IS 5 BP 767 EP 771 DI 10.1542/peds.100.5.767 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YD739 UT WOS:A1997YD73900003 PM 9346975 ER PT J AU Pichichero, ME Deloria, MA Rennels, MB Anderson, EL Edwards, KM Decker, MD Englund, JA Steinhoff, MC Deforest, A Meade, BD AF Pichichero, ME Deloria, MA Rennels, MB Anderson, EL Edwards, KM Decker, MD Englund, JA Steinhoff, MC Deforest, A Meade, BD TI A safety and immunogenicity comparison of 12 acellular pertussis vaccines and one whole-cell pertussis vaccine given as a fourth dose in 15- to 20-month-old children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE acellular; adverse reactions; antibody; dipththeria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine; pertussis vaccine; whole cell; whooping cough ID CONTROLLED TRIAL AB Objective. To compare the safety and immunogenicity of 12 different acellular pertussis vaccines combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTaP) with one licensed diphtheria, tetanus, and whole-cell pertussis vaccine (DTwP) as a fourth-dose booster in children who had previously received DTaP or DTwP primary vaccinations. Methods. Healthy 15- to 20-month-old children were enrolled at six National Institutes of Health Vaccine Treatment and Evaluation Units. All had been randomly assigned to receive three primary doses of DTaP or DTwP at 2, 4, and 6 months of age as part of an earlier National Institutes of Health multicenter trial of DTaP vaccines in the same Vaccine Treatment and Evaluation Units. Parents recorded the occurrence and magnitude of fever; irritability; and injection site redness, swelling, and pain for 3 days after vaccination. Sera obtained before and 1 month after the booster vaccination were analyzed for antibody to pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), fimbriae (FIM), and pertactin (PRN). Diphtheria and tetanus toroid as well as PT neutralizing (Chinese hamster ovary cell) and whole-cell agglutinating antibodies were measured on a subset of sera. Results. A total of 1293 children contributed fourth-dose reaction data. Reactions were less frequent after DTaP than after DTwP. For children vaccinated with a fourth dose of DTaP, which was the same DTaP as received in the primary series, fever and injection site redness, swelling, and pain increased in prevalence compared with the third dose in the primary series. For children receiving DTaP as a fourth dose, injection site redness and swelling occurred more frequently in DTaP-primed than in DTwP-primed children. Variation in the occurrence of reactions among DTaP vaccines was observed. A total of 1160 paired pre- and postvaccination sera were available for analysis. Serum antibody concentrations before boosting were lower than those obtained 1 month after the primary immunization. After the fourth dose, significant increases in antibodies directed against the included antigens were observed for all vaccines; postbooster vaccination antibody titers differed significantly among the DTaP vaccines. For children primed and boosted with the same DTaP, antibody levels were not directly related to the quantity of antigen included for PT, FHA, and FIM; for PRN, there was a closer relationship. Some DTaP vaccines given as fourth-dose boosters elicited antibody to PRN or FIM in some vaccinees, although the DTaP vaccines were not reported to contain these antigens; these responses were observed more frequently in DTwP-primed children. Agglutinin antibody rises were observed in all groups immunized with four doses of a DTaP vaccine containing FHA or PRN, regardless of whether the vaccine included FIM. Diphtheria and tetanus antibody levels exceeded the presumed protective concentration (0.1 IU/mL for diphtheria and 0.01 IU/mL for tetanus) after the fourth dose for all vaccinees. Conclusion. Although differences were observed in reaction rates among the DTaP vaccines given as a fourth dose, the DTaP vaccines were, in general, associated with fewer adverse events than a US-licensed DTwP. For DTaP vaccines, fever; irritability; and injection site pain, redness, and swelling occurred more frequently after the fourth dose than after the third dose of the same vaccine in the primary series. No DTaP was consistently most or least reactogenic or immunogenic. Although serologic correlates of pertussis immunity are not defined, it is clear that most DTaP vaccines can stimulate comparable or higher serum antibody responses than DTwP for those antigens contained in the vaccine. C1 NIAID,BIOMETRY BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,CTR VACCINE DEV,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. ST LOUIS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ST LOUIS,MO 63104. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD. TEMPLE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19133. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP Pichichero, ME (reprint author), UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,601 ELMWOOD AVE,BOX 672,ROCHESTER,NY 14642, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI05049, N01-AI05151, N01-AI15096] NR 20 TC 107 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1997 VL 100 IS 5 BP 772 EP 788 DI 10.1542/peds.100.5.772 PG 17 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YD739 UT WOS:A1997YD73900004 PM 9346976 ER PT J AU Herman, EH Ferrans, VJ AF Herman, EH Ferrans, VJ TI Animal models of anthracycline cardiotoxicity: Basic mechanisms and cardioprotective activity SO PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cardiomyopathy; anthracyclines; bis-diketopiperazines; ICRF-187; cardioprotection; iron chelation ID CHRONIC DOXORUBICIN CARDIOTOXICITY; SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS; AGENT ICRF-187 (+)-1,2-BIS(3,5-DIOXOPIPERAZINYL-1-YL)PROPANE; ADRIAMYCIN-INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY; SYRIAN GOLDEN-HAMSTERS; VITAMIN-E; N-ACETYLCYSTEINE; CARDIAC TOXICITY; (+/-)-1,2-BIS(3,5-DIOXOPIPERAZINYL-1-YL)PROPANE ICRF-187; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL AB A review is presented of the pathogenetic mechanisms (iron-mediated reactions leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species), clinical (congestive heart failure) and morphological (cardiac dilatation, myofibrillar loss and cytoplasmic vacuolization due to swelling of the sarcoplasmic reticulum) features and methods of prevention of the chronic cardiomyopathy induced in animals by the administration of doxorubicin, daunorubicin and other anthracyclines. Animal species used as models of this disorder include: the rabbit, the normotensive and the spontaneously hypertensive rat, the mouse, the pig, the monkey and the dog. Among these, the spontaneously hypertensive rat and the beagle dog are considered the most suitable small and large animal models, respectively, because of the reproducibility of the lesions produced by anthracyclines in these two species. Numerous pharmacological agents have been tested in efforts to develop effective methods of prevention of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. The most successful of these agents are those that function as antioxidants, because they can either scavenge reactive oxygen intermediates or prevent their formation. The most clinically useful of these agents is ICRF-187 (dexrazoxane), which has been tested extensively in vitro and in animal models. Because of its non-polar nature, this compound, a bis-diketopiperazine, penetrates into cells rapidly and is then hydrolyzed to ADR-925, a diacid diamide open-ring derivative that functions as a chelator of iron. This chelator is also able to remove iron from the iron-doxorubicin complex that catalyzes the formation of reactive oxygen intermediates. This intracellular chelation of iron appears to result in attenuation of the myocardial damage induced by anthracyclines. Other bis-diketopiperazines have been found to be less effective cardioprotectors as have other chelators of iron (presumably because of their poor penetration into cells). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 US FDA, Div Appl Pharmacol Res, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Herman, EH (reprint author), US FDA, Div Appl Pharmacol Res, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, HFD-910,8301 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 1058-9813 J9 PROG PEDIATR CARDIOL JI Prog. Pediatr. Cardiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 IS 2 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S1058-9813(98)00002-2 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Pediatrics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Pediatrics GA ZJ309 UT WOS:000073201100001 ER PT J AU Whittaker, P Dunkel, VC Bucci, TJ Kusewitt, DF Thurman, JD Warbritton, A Wolff, GL AF Whittaker, P Dunkel, VC Bucci, TJ Kusewitt, DF Thurman, JD Warbritton, A Wolff, GL TI Genome-linked toxic responses to dietary iron overload SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE iron toxicity; hepatocellular hemosiderosis; proliferating cell nuclear antigen; hepatocellular hypertrophy; pancreatic atrophy; beta cells; nephropathy; testicular atrophy ID IDIOPATHIC HEMOCHROMATOSIS; HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; EXOCRINE PANCREAS; DUCT LIGATION; RATS; PATHOGENESIS; CELLS; HEART; LIVER AB Genome-related differences to Fe overload between and within rodent species were evaluated in the present study. Male B6C3F(1) mice, yellow and black C5YSF(1) mice, and Fischer 344 (F344) rats were fed AIN-76A diets containing 35 (control), 1,500, 3,500, 5,000, or 10,000 mu g carbonyl Fe/g for 12 wk. No effects on body weight gain were observed in the B6C3F(1) and black C5YSF(1) mice, whereas at all doses of Fe above the control, weight gain was reduced in yellow C5YSF(1) mice and F344 rats. At the 10,000 mu g Fe/g dose, 9 of 12 rats died, but there was no mortality among the mice. In all animals, there was a dose-related increase in liver nonheme Fe, and the Fe was stored in hepatocytes predominantly in the periportal region. There was significant hypertrophy of the hepatocytes in both B6C3F(1) mice and F344 rats fed the 10,000 mu g Fe/g diet. PCNA assays showed significant stimulatory effects of the high dose of Fe on hepatocyte proliferation in the F344 rats and the C5YSF(1) mice but not in the B6C3F(1) mice. In the rat, there was pancreatic atrophy with loss of both endocrine and exocrine tissue. Morphometric evaluation of pancreas showed fewer beta cells in B6C3F(1) and yellow C5YSF(1) mice but not in the black C5YSF(1) mice. There were fewer islets in the yellow C5YSF(1) mice, and total and mean islet areas were smaller than in the control mice. Rats in the 10,000 mu g Fe/g dose group had markedly exacerbated dose-dependent nephropathy and changes in glomerular and tubular epithelium associated with Fe accumulation. The rats also showed degeneration of the germinal epithelium of the testis, formation of multinucleated giant cells, and lack of mature sperm. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Whittaker, P (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 200 C St SW, Washington, DC 20204 USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 25 IS 6 BP 556 EP 564 PG 9 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA YP699 UT WOS:000071305100004 PM 9437799 ER PT J AU Kimmel, CA Schwetz, BA AF Kimmel, CA Schwetz, BA TI Evolution and progress in safety assessment for developmental and reproductive toxicity SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLEFTS C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res HFT10, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Kimmel, CA (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res HFT10, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 25 IS 6 BP 664 EP 667 PG 4 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA YP699 UT WOS:000071305100029 PM 9437819 ER PT J AU Cebula, TA LeClerc, JE AF Cebula, TA LeClerc, JE TI To be a mutator, or how pathogenic and commensal bacteria can evolve rapidly - Response SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article RP Cebula, TA (reprint author), US FDA,DIV MOL BIOL RES & EVALUAT,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0966-842X J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 5 IS 11 BP 428 EP 429 DI 10.1016/S0966-842X(97)01158-X PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA YF711 UT WOS:A1997YF71100005 ER PT J AU Rasooly, A Rasooly, RS AF Rasooly, A Rasooly, RS TI How rolling circle plasmids control their copy number SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPLICATION INITIATOR PROTEIN; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PT181 REPLICATION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; DNA-REPLICATION; RNA-II; GENE; ORIGIN; MECHANISM; BACTERIA C1 ST JOHNS UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,JAMAICA,NY 11439. RP Rasooly, A (reprint author), US FDA,CFSAN,DIV MICROBIOL STUDIES,200 CT ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. OI Rasooly, Rebekah/0000-0002-6357-5528 NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0966-842X J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 5 IS 11 BP 440 EP 446 DI 10.1016/S0966-842X(97)01143-8 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA YF711 UT WOS:A1997YF71100016 PM 9402700 ER PT J AU Watanabe, H Cheung, SC Itano, N Kimata, K Yamada, Y AF Watanabe, H Cheung, SC Itano, N Kimata, K Yamada, Y TI Identification of hyaluronan-binding domains of aggrecan SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHONDROITIN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN; PIG LARYNGEAL CARTILAGE; LINK PROTEIN; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; KERATAN SULFATE; BIOTINYLATED HYALURONAN; MOLECULAR-CLONING; BOVINE CARTILAGE; ACID; RECEPTOR AB Aggrecan, a large cartilage proteoglycan, interacts with hyaluronan (HA), to form aggregates which function to resist compression in joints. The N-terminal region of aggrecan contains two structurally related globular domains, G(1) and G(2) separated by IGD domain. The G(1) domain consists of three subdomains, A, B, and B', structural features characteristic to many other HA-binding proteoglycans. Here, we studied the interaction of aggrecan domains with HA using recombinant proteins expressed in 293 cells, an embryonal kidney cell line. Deglycosylation of the recombinant aggrecan fragment reduced the HA binding activity. We found that both the B and B' subdomains were required for HA binding and that a single module of A, B, or B' was unable to bind HA. The A subdomain increased the HA binding activity of the B-B' region. The G(2) domain had no HA binding activity confirming previous reports. Studies of HA-binding properties using a BIAcore(TM) biosensor system revealed that the K-D of recombinant aggrecan fragment (AgW) consisting of G(1), IGD, and G(2) was 0.226 mu M, whereas the K-D of another HA-binding protein, native bovine link protein, is 0.089 mu M. In contrast, Ag-Mut11 which lacked subdomain A showed little HA binding activity. AgMut12 consisting of only B-B' had a 3.4-fold lower affinity and AgMut13 containing A-B-B' was 1.5-fold lower than AgW. These results suggest that carbohydrates are essential for high level aggrecan binding to HA and that the A subdomain of aggrecan functions in a cooperative manner with subdomains B and B'. C1 NIDR,CRANIOFACIAL DEV BIOL & REGENERAT BRANCH,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL,LAB HEMOSTASIS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. AICHI MED UNIV,INST MOL SCI MED,NAGAKUTE,AICHI 48011,JAPAN. NR 46 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 272 IS 44 BP 28057 EP 28065 DI 10.1074/jbc.272.44.28057 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YD473 UT WOS:A1997YD47300085 PM 9346959 ER PT J AU Rushing, LG Hansen, EB AF Rushing, LG Hansen, EB TI Confirmation of malachite green, gentian violet and their leuco analogs in catfish and trout tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography utilizing electrochemistry with ultraviolet-visible diode array detection and fluorescence detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B LA English DT Article DE catfish; trout; electrochemical oxidation; malachite green; gentian violet; leucomalachite green; leucogentian violet ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS TISSUE; LEUCOGENTIAN VIOLET; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHICKEN FAT; LEUCOMALACHITE GREEN; METABOLITE; FEED AB A sensitive analytical procedure for the confirmation of residues of malachite green (MG), gentian violet (GV) and their leuco analogs (LMG and LGV) in catfish and trout tissue at 10 ng/g is described. Frozen (-20 degrees C) fish fillets were cut into small pieces and homogenized in Waring blenders. The compounds of interest were extracted from 20-g amounts of homogenized fish tissue with acetonitrile-buffer, partitioned against methylene chloride, and isolated with tandem neutral alumina and propylsulfonic acid cation-exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges. Samples of 100 mu l (0.8 g equiv.) were chromatographed isocratically in 10 min using an acetonitrile-buffer mobile phase on a short-chain deactivated (SCD) reversed-phase column (150 x 4.6 mm I.D.) in-line with a post-column oxidation coulometric electrochemical cell (EC), a UV-Vis diode array detector and a fluorescence detector. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Rushing, LG (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,FOOD DRUG ADM,3900 NCTR DR,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 15 TC 50 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD OCT 24 PY 1997 VL 700 IS 1-2 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00330-7 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA YD845 UT WOS:A1997YD84500025 PM 9390733 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI Detection of group B streptococcal infection SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 22 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 16 BP 1317 EP 1317 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YA905 UT WOS:A1997YA90500020 ER PT J AU Larsen, GC McAnulty, JH Hallstrom, A Marchant, C Shein, M Akiyama, T Brodsky, M Baessler, C Pinski, SL Jennings, CA Morris, M AF Larsen, GC McAnulty, JH Hallstrom, A Marchant, C Shein, M Akiyama, T Brodsky, M Baessler, C Pinski, SL Jennings, CA Morris, M TI Hospitalization charges in the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial: The AVID economic analysis study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PORTLAND VA MED CTR,PORTLAND,OR. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97201. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY. UNIV CALIF,ORANGE,CA. MED COLL PENN & HAHNEMANN UNIV,LIKOFF INST,PHILADELPHIA,PA. CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,CLEVELAND,OH 44195. NATL INST HLTH,BETHESDA,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 21 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 8 SU S BP 424 EP 424 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YC880 UT WOS:A1997YC88000423 ER PT J AU Hilbert, SL Luna, RE Zhang, J Wang, YN Hopkins, RA Yu, ZX Ferrans, VJ AF Hilbert, SL Luna, RE Zhang, J Wang, YN Hopkins, RA Yu, ZX Ferrans, VJ TI Allograft heart valves: Assessment of cell viability by confocal microscopy. SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,LAUREL,MD. GEORGETOWN UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20057. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 21 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 8 SU S BP 2846 EP 2846 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YC880 UT WOS:A1997YC88002828 ER PT J AU Serra, R Johnson, M Filvaroff, EH LaBorde, J Sheehan, DM Derynck, R Moses, HL AF Serra, R Johnson, M Filvaroff, EH LaBorde, J Sheehan, DM Derynck, R Moses, HL TI Expression of a truncated, kinase-defective TGF-beta type II receptor in mouse skeletal tissue promotes terminal chondrocyte differentiation and osteoarthritis SO JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; ENDOCHONDRAL BONE-FORMATION; HORMONE-RELATED PEPTIDE; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA-2; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; SYNOVIAL INFLAMMATION; TARGETED EXPRESSION; INDIAN HEDGEHOG AB Members of the TGF-beta superfamily are important regulators of skeletal development. TGF-beta s signal through heteromeric type I and type II receptor serine/threonine kinases. When over-expressed, a cytoplasmically truncated type II receptor can compete with the endogenous receptors for complex formation, thereby acting as a dominant-negative mutant (DNIIR). To determine the role of TGF-beta s in the development and maintenance of the skeleton, we have generated transgenic mice (MT-DNIIR-4 and -27) that express the DNIIR in skeletal tissue. DNIIR mRNA expression was localized to the periosteum/perichondrium, synovium, and articular cartilage. Lower levels of DNIIR mRNA were detected in growth plate cartilage. Transgenic mice frequently showed bifurcation of the xiphoid process and sternum. They also developed progressive skeletal degeneration, resulting by 4 to 8 mo of age in kyphoscoliosis and stiff and torqued joints. The histology of affected joints strongly resembled human osteoarthritis. The articular surface was replaced by bone or hypertrophic cartilage as judged by the expression of type X collagen, a marker of hypertrophic cartilage normally absent from articular cartilage. The synovium was hyperplastic, and cartilaginous metaplasia was observed in the joint space. We then tested the hypothesis that TGF-beta is required for normal differentiation of cartilage in vivo. By 4 and 8 wk of age, the level of type X collagen was increased in growth plate cartilage of transgenic mice relative to wild-type controls. Less proteoglycan staining was detected in the growth plate and articular cartilage matrix of transgenic mice. Mice that express DNIIR in skeletal tissue also demonstrated increased Indian hedgehog (IHH) expression. IHH is a secreted protein that is expressed in chondrocytes that are committed to becoming hypertrophic. It is thought to be involved in a feedback loop that signals through the periosteum/perichondrium to inhibit cartilage differentiation. The data suggest that TGF-beta may be critical for multifaceted maintenance of synovial joints. Loss of responsiveness io TGF-beta promotes chondrocyte terminal differentiation and results in development of degenerative joint disease resembling osteoarthritis in humans. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV, DEPT PATHOL, NASHVILLE, TN 37232 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, CELL BIOL PROGRAM, DEPT GROWTH & DEV & ANAT, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, PROGRAM DEV BIOL, DEPT GROWTH & DEV & ANAT, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL LAB, JEFFERSON, AR 72709 USA. RP Serra, R (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV, VANDERBILT CANC CTR 649 MRBII, DEPT CELL BIOL, NASHVILLE, TN 37232 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA42572, CA48799]; NIAMS NIH HHS [5P30 AR4 1943, P30 AR041943, Z01 AR041126] NR 78 TC 316 Z9 327 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0021-9525 J9 J CELL BIOL JI J. Cell Biol. PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 139 IS 2 BP 541 EP 552 DI 10.1083/jcb.139.2.541 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YC386 UT WOS:A1997YC38600020 PM 9334355 ER PT J AU Itzhak, Y Martin, JL Ali, SF Norenberg, MD AF Itzhak, Y Martin, JL Ali, SF Norenberg, MD TI Depletion of striatal dopamine transporter does not affect psychostimulant-induced locomotor activity SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE cocaine; dopamine transporter; locomotor sensitization; methamphetamine; 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) ID METHAMPHETAMINE; SENSITIZATION; AMPHETAMINE; COCAINE; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,5,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE; NEUROTOXICITY; BRAIN; MICE AB THE effect of neurotoxin-induced depletion of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding sites on animals' responses to psychostimulants was investigated. Multiple 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or methamphetamine (METH) injections but not a single METH injection to Swiss Webster mice resulted in > 60% depletion of striatal DAT. MPTP-induced depletion of DAT did not affect METH-and cocaine-stimulated locomotor activity compared with the response of control mice. Pre-exposure to either the neurotoxic or the single non-neurotoxic dose of METH resulted in a marked locomotor sensitization in response to METH or cocaine challenge injections. The present results indicate that > 60% loss in striatal DAT binding sites has no effect on animals' responses to psychostimulants, and suggest that neural systems other than striatal DAT may contribute to the induction of locomotor sensitization to METH and cocaine. C1 UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,MIAMI,FL 33101. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,NEUROCHEM LAB,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP Itzhak, Y (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,POB 016129,MIAMI,FL 33101, USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA08584] NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0959-4965 J9 NEUROREPORT JI Neuroreport PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 8 IS 15 BP 3245 EP 3249 DI 10.1097/00001756-199710200-00012 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YC430 UT WOS:A1997YC43000016 PM 9351651 ER PT J AU Kuperman, DI Freyaldenhoven, TE Schmued, LC Ali, SF AF Kuperman, DI Freyaldenhoven, TE Schmued, LC Ali, SF TI Methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia in mice: examination of dopamine depletion and heat-shock protein induction SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE methamphetamine; heat shock protein; dopamine; body temperature; hippocampus; striatum ID TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY; SUBSTITUTED AMPHETAMINES; STRIATAL DOPAMINE; INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; STRESS PROTEINS; C57BL/6J MOUSE; UPTAKE SITES; RAT-BRAIN; TEMPERATURE; INVOLVEMENT AB Methamphetamine (METH) is a common drug of abuse and a clinical anoretic which is known to cause neurotoxicity in rodents as evidenced by a depletion of dopamine (DA) and by decreased numbers of DA uptake sites in the striatum. It is also known to cause hyperthermia which is believed to induce the production of the 72-kDa heat shock protein (HSP-72). In the present study, we evaluated whether METH induced the production of HSP-72 in both the mouse hippocampus and striatum and also attempted to correlate this induction with monoamine depletion. Adult male C57BL/6N mice received METH (20 mg/kg, i.p.) in an ambient temperature of 27 degrees C and body temperatures were monitored up to 240 min after treatment. Animals were sacrificed 12, 18, 24, 39, and 48 h after treatment. One striatum was examined for DA, DOPAC, and HVA levels using HPLC-EC and the contralateral striatum, along with the hippocampus, was prepared for immunoblotting. HPLC-EC analysis revealed a significant depletion of DA, DOPAC, and HVA at all time points. There was, however, a significant increase in DA at 48 vs. 39 h. A biphasic production of HSP-72, in both the hippocampus and striatum, was detected by immunoblot. HSP-72 production was strong at 12 h which corresponds to neuronal induction. However, at Is h in the striatum and 24 h in the hippocampus, the induction appears to be reduced. A second phase of HSP-72 induction occurred at 39 h in both regions. In a second experiment, mice were dosed according to the same paradigm and were perfused at 18 h after treatment for immunohistochemical analysis. HSP-72 immunoreactivity was found in neurons of the CA1 and CA4 regions of the hippocampus; however, no detectable response was evident in the striatum. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that a single injection of METH can lead to hyperthermia which may then result in both the induction of HSP-72 and depletion of DA concentration. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,NEUROCHEM LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI,DEPT NEUROL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI,DEPT MOL BIOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,CHEM NEUROANAT LAB,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 36 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD OCT 17 PY 1997 VL 771 IS 2 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00710-5 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YE999 UT WOS:A1997YE99900006 PM 9401742 ER PT J AU Silvers, KJ Couch, LH Rorke, EA Howard, PC AF Silvers, KJ Couch, LH Rorke, EA Howard, PC TI Role of nitroreductases but not cytochromes P450 in the metabolic activation of 1-nitropyrene in the HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cell line SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 1-nitropyrene; HepG2; nitroreductase; DNA adducts; metabolism; cytochromes P450; metabolic activation ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; HUMAN-LIVER; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; MICROSOMAL CYTOCHROME-P-450; ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGEN; OXIDATIVE-METABOLISM; OXIDIZED METABOLITES AB 1-Nitropyrene is an environmental contaminant that is mutagenic in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, including the hypoxanthine-guanosine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) locus in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Metabolism and DNA adduct formation of [H-3]1-nitropyrene in the HepG2 were quantified to understand the role of nitroreduction and/or cytochrome P450-mediated C-oxidation of l-nitropyrene in DNA adduct formation and mutagenicity. In uninduced HepG2 cells, 10 mu M [H-3]1-nitropyrene was metabolized principally by nitroreduction to l-aminopyrene (516 pmol/24 hr/10(6) cells), and by cytochrome P450-mediated C-oxidation to K-region trans dihydrodiols (37 pmol/24 hr/10(6) cells), 1-nitropyren-3-ol (51 pmol/24 hr/10(6) cells), and 1-nitropyren-6-ol and 1-nitropyren-8-ol (77 pmol/24 hr/10(6) cells). Pretreatment of the HepG2 cells for 24 hr with 5 nM 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) resulted in a complete change in the metabolism of [H-3]1-nitrupyrene, with 1-nitropyren-6-ol and 1-nitropyren-8-ol formation (449 pmol/24 r/10(6) cells) being 80-fold greater than l-aminopyrene formation (6 pmol/24 hr/10(6) cells). This increase in C-oxidation of l-nitropyrene was consistent with increased levels of cytochrome P450 1A. The only DNA adduct detected using the P-32-postlabeling assay in the HepG2 cells administered I-nitropyrene was N-(2'-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-aminopyrene (dG-C8-AP). Induction of C-oxidative metabolism through TCDD treatment resulted in a concomitant decrease in dG-C8-AP formation. DNA adducts for oxidized l-nitropyrene metabolites were not detected in the TCDD-treated HepG2 cells administered l-nitropyrene, which indicates that cytochrome P450-mediated C-oxidative pathways are detoxification pathways in HepG2 cells. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV BIOCHEM TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-03648] NR 83 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 54 IS 8 BP 927 EP 936 DI 10.1016/S0006-2952(97)00268-2 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XX511 UT WOS:A1997XX51100010 PM 9354593 ER PT J AU Stelzer, GT Marti, G Hurley, A McCoy, P Lovett, EJ Schwartz, A AF Stelzer, GT Marti, G Hurley, A McCoy, P Lovett, EJ Schwartz, A TI US-Canadian consensus recommendations on the immunophenotypic analysis of hematologic neoplasia by flow cytometry: Standardization and validation of laboratory procedures SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US/Canadian Consensus Conference Recommendations on the Immunophenotypic Analysis of Hematologic Neoplasia by Flow Cytometry CY NOV 16-17, 1995 CL BETHESDA, MD ID CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMAS; DYE LABELING REAGENTS; INTRACELLULAR ANTIGENS; WHOLE-BLOOD; COLOR IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; MEMBRANE-ANTIGENS; EXPRESSION; SURFACE C1 FDA, CEBR, FLOW & IMAGE CYTOMETRY, BETHESDA, MD USA. COMPREHENS CYTOMETR CONSULTING, BALLWIN, MO USA. COOPER HOSP UNIV MED CTR, DEPT PEDIAT, CAMDEN, NJ USA. MAINE MED CTR, RES INST, S PORTLAND, ME USA. FLOW CYTOMETRY STANDARDS CORP, SAN JUAN, PR USA. RP Stelzer, GT (reprint author), CYTOMETRY ASSOCIATES INC, 201 SUMMIT VIEW DR, SUITE 100, BRENTWOOD, TN 37027 USA. NR 86 TC 100 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 5 BP 214 EP 230 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19971015)30:5<214::AID-CYTO2>3.0.CO;2-H PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA YF220 UT WOS:A1997YF22000002 PM 9383095 ER PT J AU Lafrenie, RM Wahl, LM Epstein, JS Yamada, KM Dhawan, S AF Lafrenie, RM Wahl, LM Epstein, JS Yamada, KM Dhawan, S TI Activation of monocytes by HIV-Tat treatment is mediated by cytokine expression SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONOCYTES; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; HUMAN SYNOVIAL-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; TNF-ALPHA; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; STIMULATES COLLAGENASE; DERMAL FIBROBLASTS AB Treatment of primary monocytes with soluble HIV-Tat protein is associated with increased monocyte metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and enhanced beta(2) integrin expression that increases monocyte/endothelial adhesion. These alterations require greater than 12 h of HIV-Tat treatment, suggesting the involvement of intermediate factors. Thus, we have examined the role of cytokines in the HIV-Tat-induced alteration of monocyte function. Treatment of monocytes with HIV-Tat rapidly upregulated the production of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, but not IL-3, granulocyte-macrophage CSF, basic fibroblast growth factor, or macrophage-inflammatory protein-1 alpha, and was associated with up-regulation of the corresponding cytokine mRNA. Inclusion of neutralizing anti-cytokine Abs to IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha during the HIV-Tat pretreatment period significantly inhibited the HIV-Tat-induced increase in MMP-9 production, monocyte/endothelial adhesion, and monocyte-dependent endothelial damage. In contrast, neutralizing Abs against IL-6 and IL-8 had no effect. The effects of HIV-Tat treatment, namely MMP-9 production, enhanced monocyte/endothelial cell adhesion, and monocyte-dependent endothelial damage, were mimicked by treating the monocytes with IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha, but not with IL-6 or IL-8. Therefore, the mechanism by which HIV-Tat activates monocyte function is dependent on HIV-Tat-induced production of cytokines (IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha). C1 US FDA,LAB IMMUNOCHEM,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV TRANSFUS TRANSMITTED DIS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NIDR,CRANIOFACIAL DEV BIOL & REGENERAT BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIDR,MATRIX METALLOPROT UNIT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. OI Yamada, Kenneth/0000-0003-1512-6805 NR 55 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 159 IS 8 BP 4077 EP 4083 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA XZ994 UT WOS:A1997XZ99400047 PM 9378998 ER PT J AU Lin, KM Wang, SW Julius, MA Kitajewski, J Moos, M Luyten, FP AF Lin, KM Wang, SW Julius, MA Kitajewski, J Moos, M Luyten, FP TI The cysteine-rich frizzled domain of Frzb-1 is required and sufficient for modulation of Wnt signaling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CELL LUNG-CARCINOMA; XENOPUS EMBRYOS; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; FAMILY; GENES; AXIS AB Convincing evidence has accumulated to identify the Frizzled proteins as receptors for the Wnt growth factors, In parallel, a number of secreted frizzled-like proteins with a conserved N-terminal frizzled motif have been identified, One of these proteins, Frzb-1, binds Wnt-1 and Xwnt-8 proteins and antagonizes Xwnt-8 signaling in Xenopus embryos, Here we report that Frzb-1 blocks Wnt-1 induced cytosolic accumulation of beta-catenin, a key component of the Wnt signaling pathway, in human embryonic kidney cells, Structure/function analysis reveals that complete removal of the frizzled domain of Frzb-1 abolishes the Wnt-1/Frzb-1 protein interaction and the inhibition of Wnt-1 mediated axis duplication in Xenopus embryos, In contrast, removal of the C-terminal portion of the molecule preserves both Frzb-Wnt binding and functional inhibition of Wnt signaling, Partial deletions of the Frzb-1 cysteine-rich domain maintain Wnt-1 interaction, but functional inhibition is lost. Taken together, these findings support the conclusion that the frizzled domain is necessary and sufficient for both activities, Interestingly, Frzb-1 does not block Wnt-5A signaling in a Xenopus functional assay, even though Wnt-5A coimmunoprecipitates with Frzb-1, suggesting that coimmunoprecipitation does not necessarily imply inhibition of Wnt function. C1 NIDR,CRANIOFACIAL & SKELETAL DIS BRANCH,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL & EVALUAT,DEV BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT PATHOL,NEW YORK,NY 10032. COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,CTR REPROD SCI,NEW YORK,NY 10032. RI Moos, Malcolm/F-3673-2011; OI Moos, Malcolm/0000-0002-9575-9938; Wang, Shouwen/0000-0001-8484-1795 NR 28 TC 161 Z9 165 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 14 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 21 BP 11196 EP 11200 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.21.11196 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YA930 UT WOS:A1997YA93000024 PM 9326585 ER PT J AU Noguchi, M Sarin, A Aman, MJ Nakajima, H Shores, EW Henkart, PA Leonard, WJ AF Noguchi, M Sarin, A Aman, MJ Nakajima, H Shores, EW Henkart, PA Leonard, WJ TI Functional cleavage of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gamma(c)) by calpain SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID T-CELL RECEPTOR; SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY; INTERLEUKIN-2 IL-2 RECEPTOR; HUMAN MEDULLARY THYMOCYTES; BETA-CHAIN; LYMPHOID DEVELOPMENT; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAINS; NEGATIVE SELECTION; BCL-2 EXPRESSION; INTERFERON-GAMMA AB The small subunit of calpain, a calcium-dependent cysteine protease, was found to interact with the cytoplasmic domain of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gamma(c)) in a yeast tno-hybrid interaction trap assay. This interaction was functional as demonstrated by the ability of calpain to cleave in vitro translated wild-type gamma(c), but not gamma(c) containing a mutation in the PEST (proline, glutamate, serine, and threonine) sequence in its cytoplasmic domain, as well as by the ability of endogenous calpain to mediate cleavage of gamma(c) in a calcium-dependent fashion. in T cell receptor-stimulated murine thymocytes, calpain inhibitors decreased cleavage of gamma(c). Moreover, in single positive CD4(+) thymocytes, not only did a calpain inhibitor augment CD3-induced proliferation, but antibodies to ye blocked this effect, Finally, treatment of cells with ionomycin could inhibit interleukin 2-induced STAT protein activation, but this inhibition could be reversed by calpain inhibitors. Together, these data suggest that calpain-mediated cleavage of gamma(c) represents a mechanism by which gamma(c)-dependent signaling can be controlled. C1 NHLBI,LAB MOL IMMUNOL,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NCI,EXPT IMMUNOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL PROD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 67 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 14 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 21 BP 11534 EP 11539 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.21.11534 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YA930 UT WOS:A1997YA93000083 PM 9326644 ER PT J AU Hori, K Hatfield, D Maldarelli, F Lee, BJ Clouse, KA AF Hori, K Hatfield, D Maldarelli, F Lee, BJ Clouse, KA TI Selenium supplementation suppresses tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in vitro SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; CELL-LINE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HIV REPLICATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION; INFECTION; INHIBITION AB Selenium is a nutritionally essential trace element that is important for optimal function of the immune system, It is incorporated into selenoproteins as the amino acid selenocysteine and it is known to inhibit the expression of some viruses, In this study, we show that selenium supplementation for 3 days prior to exposure to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) partially suppresses the induction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in both chronically infected T lymphocytic and monocytic cell lines, In acute HIV-1 infection of T lymphocytes and monocytes in the absence of exogenous TNF-alpha, the suppressive effect of selenium supplementation was not observed, However, selenium supplementation did suppress the enhancing effect of TNF-alpha on HIV-1 replication in vitro in acutely infected human monocytes, but not in T lymphocytes, Selenium supplementation also increased the activities of the selenoproteins, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TR), which serve as cellular antioxidants, Taken together, these results suggest that selenium supplementation may prove beneficial as an adjuvant therapy for AIDS through reinforcement of endogenous antioxidative systems. C1 NCI,BASIC RES LAB,DIV BASIC SCI,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIAID,MOL MICROBIOL LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. SEOUL NATL UNIV,INST MOL BIOL & GENET,MOL GENET LAB,SEOUL 151742,SOUTH KOREA. RP Hori, K (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES HFM508,DIV CYTOKINE BIOL,1401 ROCKVILLE PIKE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 56 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT 10 PY 1997 VL 13 IS 15 BP 1325 EP 1332 DI 10.1089/aid.1997.13.1325 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA YE738 UT WOS:A1997YE73800009 PM 9339849 ER PT J AU Williams, JA Shacter, E AF Williams, JA Shacter, E TI Regulation of macrophage cytokine production by prostaglandin E-2 - Distinct roles of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASE CYCLOOXYGENASE; NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE PRODUCTION; ARACHIDONIC-ACID METABOLITES; SWISS 3T3 CELLS; INDUCIBLE CYCLOOXYGENASE; MESSENGER-RNA; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS AB Prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) modulates a variety of physiological processes including the production of inflammatory cytokines. There are two cyclooxygenase (Cox) enzymes, Cox-1 and Cox-2, that are responsible for initiating PGE(2) synthesis. These isozymes catalyze identical biosynthetic reactions but are regulated by different mechanisms in the cell. This report examines differ differences in the roles of Cox-1 and Cox-2 in regulating cytokine synthesis in macrophages. We employed agents that selectively modulate the activity of each isozyme and measured their effects on synthesis of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by peritoneal macrophages. Among these three cytokines, only IL-6 synthesis was stimulated by production of endogenous PGE(2). This effect was specifically linked to activation of Cox-2 and not Cox-1. The specificity derives, partly, from the timing of the production of PGE(2) following stimulation of each isozyme and from induction of ancillary signals that control the response to PGE(2). The experimental findings demonstrate that the effects of Cox-1 and Cox-2 activity on macrophage IL-6 synthesis are segregated. This provides a mechanism for IL-6 to be induced selectively during inflammation. C1 US FDA,CBER,HFM 538,IMMUNOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 67 TC 127 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 10 PY 1997 VL 272 IS 41 BP 25693 EP 25699 DI 10.1074/jbc.272.41.25693 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YA358 UT WOS:A1997YA35800048 PM 9325293 ER PT J AU DeLuca, A Selvam, MP Sandomenico, C Pepe, S Bianco, AR Ciardiello, F Salomon, DS Normanno, N AF DeLuca, A Selvam, MP Sandomenico, C Pepe, S Bianco, AR Ciardiello, F Salomon, DS Normanno, N TI Anti-sense oligonucleotides directed against EGF-related growth factors enhance anti-proliferative effect of conventional anti-tumor drugs in human colon-cancer cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; FACTOR-RELATED PEPTIDES; CARCINOMA CELLS; HUMAN MALIGNANCIES; COLORECTAL TUMORS; TYROSINE KINASE; HUMAN BREAST; FACTOR-ALPHA; DNA-REPAIR; EXPRESSION AB We have demonstrated that anti-sense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (AS S-oligos) directed against the EGF-like growth factors CRIFTO (CR), amphiregulin (AR) or transforming-growth-factor-alpha(TGF alpha) mRNA, are equipotent in their ability to inhibit the growth of human colon-carcinoma GEO cells. In this study, we evaluated the effect of combinations of these AS S-oligos and conventional antitumor drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), adriamycin (ADR), mitomycin C (MlT) and cis-platinum (CDDP), on GEO cell growth. Dose-dependent growth inhibition was observed by treatment either with AS S-oligos or with anti-tumor drugs, using a clonogenic assay. Furthermore, an additive growth-inhibitory effect occurred when GEO cells were exposed to the AS S-oligos after treatment with different concentrations of either 5-FU, MIT, ADR or CDDP. For example, treatment of GEO cells with a combination of low concentrations of 5-FU and any of the 3 AS S-oligos resulted in up to 70% growth inhibition. However, treatment of GEO cells with AS S-oligos before exposure to 5-FU or CDDP resulted in reduced efficacy of both drugs. Flow-cytometric analysis of DNA content demonstrated that treatment with the AS S-oligos caused a slight reduction of the percentage of cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle. These data suggest that combinations of AS S-oligos directed against EGF-related growth factors and of conventional anti-tumor drugs may result in efficient inhibition of colon-carcinoma cell growth. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 ITN FDN PASCALE,ONCOL SPERIMENTALE D,I-80131 NAPLES,ITALY. US FDA,DBA CBER,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. UNIV NAPLES FEDERICO II,FAC MED & CHIRURG,DIPARTIMENTO ENDOCRINOL & ONCOL MOL & CLIN,I-80131 NAPLES,ITALY. NCI,TUMOR GROWTH FACTOR SECT,LTIB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI De Luca, Antonella/J-8737-2016; OI De Luca, Antonella/0000-0001-5762-447X; Ciardiello, Fortunato/0000-0002-3369-4841; Normanno, Nicola/0000-0002-7158-2605 NR 25 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD OCT 9 PY 1997 VL 73 IS 2 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19971009)73:2<277::AID-IJC19>3.0.CO;2-C PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XZ488 UT WOS:A1997XZ48800019 PM 9335455 ER PT J AU Birnkrant, D AF Birnkrant, D TI Thalidomide for aphthous ulcers in HIV infection SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP Birnkrant, D (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 9 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 15 BP 1086 EP 1087 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XZ844 UT WOS:A1997XZ84400020 PM 9324641 ER PT J AU Wise, RP Kiminyo, KP Salive, ME AF Wise, RP Kiminyo, KP Salive, ME TI Hair boss after routine immunizations SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ADVERSE DRUG-REACTIONS; ALOPECIA-AREATA AB Context.-Alopecia is a recognized adverse effect of numerous medications, but vaccines are not normally considered a cause far unexpected loss of hair, Objective.-To describe case reports of hair loss after routine vaccines and to assess the hypothesis that vaccinations might induce hair loss, Design.-Case series with telephone follow-up, Methods.-Review of spontaneous reports to the Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. Main Outcome Measure.-Loss of hair following immunization, Results.-A total of 60 evaluable reports submitted since 1984 and coded for ''alopecia'' after immunizations included 16 with positive rechallenge (hair loss after vaccination on more than 1 occasion), 4 of which were definite and 12 possible or probable, Of the 60 cases, 46 had received hepatitis B vaccines, Both of the currently available recombinant products, as well as the former plasma-derived product, were represented, Females predominated in all age groups. The majority of patients recovered, but clinical features, such as intervals from vaccination until onset and the extent and reversibility of hair loss, varied widely. Nine patients reported previous medication allergy. Conclusion,There may be an association, probably very rare, between vaccinations and hair loss. More than 1 pathophysiologic mechanism may be responsible, Since apparently nonrandom distributions by vaccine, age, and sex could reflect biased case ascertainment, further research will be needed in defined populations with consistent case detection. C1 HOWARD UNIV,COLL MED,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), US FDA,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,DIV BIOSTAT & EPIDEMIOL,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,HFM-225,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 23 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 8 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 14 BP 1176 EP 1178 DI 10.1001/jama.278.14.1176 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XY422 UT WOS:A1997XY42200036 PM 9326478 ER PT J AU Wilk, A Srinivasachar, K Beaucage, SL AF Wilk, A Srinivasachar, K Beaucage, SL TI N-trifluoroacetylamino alcohols as phosphodiester protecting groups in the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID AMINO-ALCOHOLS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD OCT 3 PY 1997 VL 62 IS 20 BP 6712 EP 6713 DI 10.1021/jo970962x PG 2 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA XZ719 UT WOS:A1997XZ71900007 ER PT J AU Zuckerman, BD Shein, MJ AF Zuckerman, BD Shein, MJ TI Cardiac pacemakers and cellular telephones SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP Zuckerman, BD (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20853, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 2 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 14 BP 1006 EP 1006 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XY423 UT WOS:A1997XY42300012 PM 9312668 ER PT J AU Feuers, RJ Weindruch, R Leakey, JEA Duffy, PH Hart, RW AF Feuers, RJ Weindruch, R Leakey, JEA Duffy, PH Hart, RW TI Increased effective activity of rat liver catalase by dietary restriction SO AGE LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC CALORIC RESTRICTION; DIFFERENT AGES; MICE; EXPRESSION; METABOLISM; VARIABLES; ENZYMES AB While dietary restriction (DR) increases maximum life span in many animal species, the mechanisms by which this is achieved remain unclear. One possibility is that DR may act in part to reduce free radical levels by retarding age-related declines in rat liver catalase activity, We measured liver cytosolic catalase activity at various times of day in 9-12 month old male (BN X F344)F(1) rats fed ad libitum (AL) or subjected to a 30% DR from 14 weeks of age. Catalase activity (expressed as mu mol-min(-1)-g liver(-1)) in both diet groups reached minimums at 0600 h but activity was 26% higher in DR as compared to AL rats, This traditional expression of catalase activity did not significantly differ between diet groups at other times of day. One must be careful in the interpretation of such data, however, since catalase is rapidly inactivated by its substrate (H(2)O(2)), thus displaying abnormal enzyme kinetics. In order to avoid this difficulty we evaluated the time period during which the reaction remained linear and multiplied it by its activity to yield the effective catalase activity. Using this method we found a significant increase in catalase activity in DR animals at several H(2)O(2) concentrations during the light span. At 1800 h (the beginning of the dark span when the controls initiated peak food intake), fewer and smaller dietary differences were observed and no dietary effects were observed at 2400 h, These data suggest that DR reduces the rate of accumulation of inactive catalase and may contribute to an increased capacity in DR animals to remove free radicals. C1 Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Feuers, RJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-9152 J9 AGE JI Age PD OCT PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1007/s11357-997-0021-1 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA ZW198 UT WOS:000074385500002 PM 23604323 ER PT J AU Oriaku, ET Chen, FX Desai, VG Pipkin, JL Shaddock, JG Weindruch, R Hart, RW Feuers, RJ AF Oriaku, ET Chen, FX Desai, VG Pipkin, JL Shaddock, JG Weindruch, R Hart, RW Feuers, RJ TI A circadian study of liver antioxidant enzyme systems of female Fischer-344 rats subjected to dietary restriction for six weeks. SO AGE LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC CALORIC RESTRICTION; AGING PROCESS; FREE-RADICALS; METABOLISM; AGE; GLUTATHIONE; CATALASE; DISEASE AB We examined the influences of dietary restriction (DR) on the circadian profile of liver catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and interacting systems required for removal of H2O2 (support systems), in 18-week old female Fischer 344 rats fed 60% of their ad libitum (AL) diet for six weeks. Food was presented to the DR animals during the early light-span. Regardless of diet, enzyme levels were generally consistent with circadian patterns. In CR animals, maximum activities often occurred at the time of food presentation. CAT and GPx activities generally were significantly higher in DR animals than in AL animals at the time of feeding. When assessing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity using saturating substrate (NADP(+)) concentrations, higher activities were seen at all times of day in the AL animals; however, when activity was measured in the presence of lower (i.e., physiologic) NADP(+) concentrations, the reverse was true. In contrast, glutathione reductase (GR) activity was not influenced by DR. Cytosolic levels of NADPH peaked and were higher in DR than in AL rodents prior to feeding. NADH levels were not influenced by diet, but did manifest a significant circadian pattern with a maximum occurring toward the middle of the dark span. These data suggest that even at a young age and following only a relatively brief duration of DR, there exists an enhanced enzymatic capability in rats subjected to DR to remove free radicals generated as a consequence of normal oxidative metabolism Further, these data support emerging trends suggesting metabolic regulation of antioxidant defense systems in response to free radical generation. C1 US FDA, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, VA GRECC, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Coll Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Oriaku, ET (reprint author), US FDA, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGING ASSOC PI MEDIA PA SALLY BALIN MEDICAL CENTER, 110 CHESLEY DR, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 0161-9152 J9 AGE JI Age PD OCT PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s11357-997-0022-0 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA ZW198 UT WOS:000074385500003 PM 23604324 ER PT J AU Klontz, KC Adler, WH Potter, M AF Klontz, KC Adler, WH Potter, M TI Age-dependent resistance factors in the pathogenesis of foodborne infectious disease SO AGING-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE elderly; enteric infections; host defense mechanisms ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; INTESTINAL MUCINS; UNITED-STATES; SALMONELLA; STRAINS; BINDING; CANCER; PROLIFERATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; LISTERIOSIS AB With increasing age there is an increase in both the incidence as well as the mortality due to many infectious illnesses, and foodborne infectious disease is no exception. A review of the pertinent literature identified studies concerning foodborne disease caused by infectious agents in the elderly, as well as those factors that could account for the increase in morbidity and mortality seen in the elderly due to foodborne infections. The published information suggested that the basis for the increased incidence, severity and risk of death of many foodborne infectious diseases in elderly persons is related to factors such as reduced gastric acidity, a higher prevalence of underlying medical disorders (co-morbidity factors), and immune system changes that result in a less effective host defense against infectious agents. The greater risk of foodborne disease experienced by elderly persons results from the contribution of non-immune and immune mediated factors. Due to the growing number of persons over the age of 65 years in the United States, foodborne disease in this age group will continue to be an important source of illness and death in the population. RP Klontz, KC (reprint author), US FDA,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,HFS-728,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 79 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITRICE KURTIS S R L PI MILANO PA VIA LUIGI ZOJA, 30-20153 MILANO, ITALY SN 0394-9532 J9 AGING-CLIN EXP RES JI Aging-Clin. Exp. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 9 IS 5 BP 320 EP 326 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA YL525 UT WOS:A1997YL52500003 PM 9458992 ER PT J AU Goetsch, R Minor, JR Piscitelli, SC AF Goetsch, R Minor, JR Piscitelli, SC TI Home collection and non-blood-based methods of testing for the human immunodeficiency virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Article ID HIV ANTIBODY; SALIVA; TIME; AIDS C1 NIH,CLIN PHARMACOKINET RES LAB,DEPT PHARM,WARREN G MAGNUSON CLIN CTR,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,DIV PHARMACOVIGILANCE & EPIDEMIOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. IDAHO STATE UNIV,POCATELLO,ID 83209. GLAXO WELLCOME INC,US MED AFFAIRS,STRATEG INFORMAT DEPT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 54 IS 19 BP 2232 EP 2235 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YC512 UT WOS:A1997YC51200019 PM 9331447 ER PT J AU Lin, AY Rioux, JD Nutman, T Daly, M Stone, V Nguyen, H Green, T Hudson, T Zimmerman, PA Fontaine, L Tucker, MA Lander, E Goldstein, AM AF Lin, AY Rioux, JD Nutman, T Daly, M Stone, V Nguyen, H Green, T Hudson, T Zimmerman, PA Fontaine, L Tucker, MA Lander, E Goldstein, AM TI A gene for familiar eosinophilia maps to chromosome 5q31-q33. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. MIT, Whitehead Inst Biomed Res, Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA USA. NIA, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Westat Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RI Tucker, Margaret/B-4297-2015 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 SU S MA 1648 BP A283 EP A283 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YQ995 UT WOS:000071446001650 ER PT J AU Swergold, GD Sheen, FM AF Swergold, GD Sheen, FM TI LINE-1 Display (LID) Mapping, a novel method for identifying insertion sites, reveals frequent insertion site polymorphisms in the human population. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Genet Med, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 SU S MA 1230 BP A212 EP A212 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YQ995 UT WOS:000071446001232 ER PT J AU Todd, JF Ruhl, CE Gross, TP AF Todd, JF Ruhl, CE Gross, TP TI Injury and death associated with hospital bed side-rails: Reports to US Food and Drug Administration from 1985 to 1995 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. Hospital bed side-rails, while intended for patient protection, can contribute to injury and death. Reports to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of hospital bed side-rail entrapment have increased. In this paper entrapment cases are reviewed and the population potentially at risk identified. Methods. FDA's database was searched for events involving hospital beds from January 1985 to August 1995 and entrapment cases were identified. Results. Of 111 entrapments, 65% were associated with death and 23% with injury. Conclusions. Advanced age, female sex, low body weight, and cognitive impairment may be associated with increased risk. Preventive measures are detailed. RP Todd, JF (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,OSB,HFZ-520,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 6 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1997 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1675 EP 1677 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.10.1675 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YD671 UT WOS:A1997YD67100019 PM 9357352 ER PT J AU BallardBarbash, R Taplin, SH Yankaskas, BC Ernster, VL Rosenberg, RD Carney, PA Barlow, WE Geller, BM Kerlikowske, K Edwards, BK Lynch, CF Urban, N Key, CR Poplack, SP Worden, JK Kessler, LG AF BallardBarbash, R Taplin, SH Yankaskas, BC Ernster, VL Rosenberg, RD Carney, PA Barlow, WE Geller, BM Kerlikowske, K Edwards, BK Lynch, CF Urban, N Key, CR Poplack, SP Worden, JK Kessler, LG TI Breast cancer surveillance consortium: A national mammography screening and outcomes database SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOLLOW-UP; SENSITIVITY; REGISTRY; BENEFIT C1 GRP HLTH COOPERAT PUGET SOUND,CTR HLTH STUDIES,SEATTLE,WA 98101. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT RADIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. DARTMOUTH HITCHCOCK MED CTR,NEW HAMPSHIRE MAMMOG NETWORK,NORRIS COTTON CANC CTR,LEBANON,NH 03756. UNIV VERMONT,VERMONT CANC CTR,BURLINGTON,VT 05401. UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. FRED HUTCHINSON CANC RES CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98104. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. COLORADO DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,DENVER,CO. RP BallardBarbash, R (reprint author), NCI,APPL RES BRANCH,DCPC,NIH,EXECUT PLAZA N,RM 313,6130 EXECUT BLVD,MSC 7344,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 25 TC 248 Z9 248 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 169 IS 4 BP 1001 EP 1008 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XW981 UT WOS:A1997XW98100014 PM 9308451 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Wood, OL Papermaster, SF Nielsen, CJ Ussery, MA AF Zhang, H Wood, OL Papermaster, SF Nielsen, CJ Ussery, MA TI Palindromic oligonucleotide-directed enzymatic determination of 2'-deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate and 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate in human cells SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DNA-POLYMERASE-I; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; TEMPLATE-PRIMERS; KLENOW FRAGMENT; REACTION PH; FIDELITY; TRIPHOSPHATES; REPLICATION; ASSAY; SITE AB A new method is presented for the determination of 2'-deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate and 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate concentrations within human cells based on a DNA polymerase reaction directed by a palindromic oligonucleotide precursor. Two 19-mer oligonucleotide precursors are employed that contain a common 8-mer palindromic sequence followed by a sequence-specific insertion site and a 5'-oligodeoxythymidylate tail, To conduct a measurement, two molecules of the 19-mer oligonucleotide precursor are first annealed to form a pair of symmetrical template-primer addition sites at their 3'-termini that are coded for the analyte of interest, present in limiting amounts. The Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I then elongates the template-primer by the addition of two molecules of the complementary deoxyribonucleotide analyte. Following the addition of the analyte molecules, the template-primer is extended with a 10-mer oligo(dA) tail in the presence of excess dATP and the Klenow fragment. The result is a 30-mer palindromic oligonucleotide that can be separated from any remaining 19-mer precursor and quantified by paired-ion HPLC using UV detection, Since the molar extinction coefficient of the 30-mer palindromic oligonucleotide is much larger than that of the nucleotide analyte alone, the UV signal is markedly enhanced, thereby increasing sensitivity. Details describing this method and the application of it to measure these analytes in as few as 2.5 x 10(6) human cells are presented. C1 US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV ANTIVIRAL DRUG PROD HFD535,ANTIVIRAL RES LAB,NICHOLSON RES CTR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 252 IS 1 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1006/abio.1997.2241 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA XZ290 UT WOS:A1997XZ29000020 PM 9324952 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, MI Bhatia, K Cherney, B Capello, D Gaidano, G Magrath, I AF Gutierrez, MI Bhatia, K Cherney, B Capello, D Gaidano, G Magrath, I TI Intraclonal molecular heterogeneity suggests a hierarchy of pathogenetic events in Burkitt's lymphoma SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bcl-6; c-myc; EBV; p53; pathogenesis ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; P53 MUTATIONS; FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA; CLONAL EXPANSION; TRANSGENIC MICE; MYC; SUBSEQUENT; INFECTION; DOMAIN; CELLS AB Background. Burkitt's lymphoma is a B-cell neoplasm characterized by a chromosomal translocation involving the c-myc gene. BL may carry, besides the c-myc translocation, several other lesions including a) mutations in c-myc, b) mutations in bcl-6, c) mutations in p53 and d) EBV genomes. In this report we describe a unique study of the timing of these genetic lesions during the evolution and progression of Burkitt's lymphoma. Materials and methods. From each of two patients with Burkitt's lymphoma, we established three different cell lines - from different sites or at different times in the clinical course of the disease (diagnosis and relapse). Chromosomal aberrations were analyzed by karyotyping and the presence of molecular lesions determined by Southern blot, PCR, SSCP and sequence analyses. Results. In each patient all the clones carry identical c-myc translocations, identical bcl-6 status (wild type or mutant) and the same productive VDJ rearrangement. However, within each individual patient, we could demonstrate the presence of intraclonal variation with respect to EBV, p53 mutations and c-myc mutations. Conclusions: c-myc translocation and bcl-6 mutations appear to be early events, mutations in the coding region of c-myc occur early but are an ongoing event, while mutations in the p53 gene seem to occur later. Discrete clonal bands reflecting independent EBV infection were observed in the cell lines from one HIV-associated Burkitt's lymphoma, suggesting the possibility that EBV infection may occur as a late event, at least in some HIV associated lymphomas. C1 NCI,LYMPHOMA BIOL SECT,PEDIAT BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL PROD,BETHESDA,MD. UNIV TURIN,DIV INTERNAL MED,NOVARA,ITALY. RI Capello, Daniela/J-4110-2012 OI Capello, Daniela/0000-0001-9157-8753 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 8 IS 10 BP 987 EP 994 DI 10.1023/A:1008265304712 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YG830 UT WOS:A1997YG83000018 PM 9402172 ER PT J AU Sack, U Heinze, TM Deck, J Cerniglia, CE Martens, R Zadrazil, F Fritsche, W AF Sack, U Heinze, TM Deck, J Cerniglia, CE Martens, R Zadrazil, F Fritsche, W TI Comparison of phenanthrene and pyrene degradation by different wood-decaying fungi SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; CRINIPELLIS-STIPITARIA; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; XENOBIOTIC COMPOUNDS; PLEUROTUS-OSTREATUS; ROT FUNGI; METABOLISM; OXIDATION; BIODEGRADATION AB The degradation of phenanthrene and pyrene was investigated by using five different wood-decaying fungi, After 63 days of incubation in liquid culture, 13.8 and 4.3% of the [ring U-C-14] phenanthrene and 2.4 and 1.4% of the [4,5,9,10-C-14] pyrene were mineralized by Trametes versicolor and Kuehneromyces mutabilis, respectively, No (CO2)-C-14 evolution was detected in either [C-14]phenanthrene or [C-14]pyrene liquid cultures of Flammulina velutipes, Laetiporus sulphureus, and Agrocybe aegerita, Cultivation in straw cultures demonstrated that, in addition to T. versicolor (15.5%) and K. mutabilis (5.0%), L, sulphureus (10.7%) and A. aegerita (3.7%) were also capable of mineralizing phenanthrene in a period of 63 days, Additionally, K. mutabilis (6.7%), L. sulphureus (4.3%), and A. aegerita (3.3%) mineralized [C-14]pyrene in straw cultures, The highest mineralization of [C-14] pyrene was detected in straw cultures of T. versicolor (34.1%), which suggested that mineralization of both compounds by fungi may be independent of the number of aromatic rings. Phenanthrene and pyrene metabolites were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by UV absorption, mass, and H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, Fungi capable of mineralizing phenanthrene and pyrene in liquid culture produced enriched metabolites substituted in the K region (C-9,10 position of phenanthrene and C4,5 position of pyrene), whereas all other fungi investigated produced metabolites substituted in the C-1,2, C-3,4, and C-9,10 positions of phenanthrene and the C-l position of pyrene. C1 FED RES CTR AGR, INST SOIL BIOL, D-38116 BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY. US FDA, NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. RP UNIV JENA, INST MICROBIOL, PHILOSOPHENWEG 12, D-07743 JENA, GERMANY. NR 47 TC 75 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 63 IS 10 BP 3919 EP 3925 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA XY723 UT WOS:A1997XY72300027 PM 9327556 ER PT J AU Henderson, AL Schmitt, TC Heinze, TM Cerniglia, CE AF Henderson, AL Schmitt, TC Heinze, TM Cerniglia, CE TI Reduction of malachite green to leucomalachite green by intestinal bacteria SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRIPHENYLMETHANE DYES; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GENTIAN-VIOLET; RAINBOW-TROUT; MICROFLORA; CATFISH; TISSUE; CONFIRMATION; CULTURES; RATS AB Intestinal microfloras from human, rat, mouse, and monkey fecal samples and 14 pure cultures of anaerobic bacteria representative of those found in the human gastrointestinal tract metabolized the triphenylmethane dye malachite green to leucomalachite green. The reduction of malachite green to the leuco derivative suggests that intestinal microflora could play an important role in the metabolic activation of the triphenylmethane dye to a potential carcinogen. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 22 TC 63 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 63 IS 10 BP 4099 EP 4101 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA XY723 UT WOS:A1997XY72300059 PM 9327576 ER PT J AU Datta, AR Benjamin, MM AF Datta, AR Benjamin, MM TI Factors controlling acid tolerance of Listeria monocytogenes: Effects of nisin and other ionophores SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTON MOTIVE FORCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; STATIONARY-PHASE; BACTERIA; RESISTANCE; RPOS; PH; PROTECTION; ADAPTATION AB The acid tolerance of a Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strain was studied by measuring its ability to survive at an acidic pH at 37 degrees C. The acid tolerance of L. monocytogenes was much lower than those of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Shigella flexneri strains. This observation suggested a higher infective dose for L. monocytogenes than E. coli O157:H7 and Shigella. The susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to acidic pH was dependent upon growth medium pH and growth phase of the culture. Nisin and some other ionophores reduced the acid tolerance of both stationary-phase and log-phase cultures of L. monocytogenes. These studies indicated that nisin might be a useful candidate for controlling acid tolerance of L. monocytogenes. RP Datta, AR (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 63 IS 10 BP 4123 EP 4126 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA XY723 UT WOS:A1997XY72300065 PM 9327581 ER PT J AU Vela, NP Caruso, JA Satzger, RD AF Vela, NP Caruso, JA Satzger, RD TI Potential for an atmospheric-pressure low-power microwave-induced plasma ionization source for mass spectrometry SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE microwave-induced plasma; mass spectrometry; atmospheric-pressure ionization; fragmentation spectra ID INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA; DIRECT INJECTION NEBULIZER; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB The potential for using the microwave-induced plasma (MIP) as an ionization source is further explored, This source operates at atmospheric pressure, minimizing pumping problems and, through power and gas-flow adjustment, offers the possibility of selecting from elemental spectra to fragmentation spectra resembling those from electron impact sources, The effect of microwave power, carrier gas-flow rate, and injector-probe configuration in the production of fragment ions is demonstrated with the use of perfluorotributylamine and tetramethyltin, Initial potential for liquid-sample introduction to the MIP is accomplished by using a direct-injection nebulizer (DIN) at higher reproducibility levels than in earlier studies. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US FDA,NATL FORENS CHEM CTR,CINCINNATI,OH 45202. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 51 IS 10 BP 1500 EP 1503 DI 10.1366/0003702971938993 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA YB386 UT WOS:A1997YB38600012 ER PT J AU Marques, MM Beland, FA AF Marques, MM Beland, FA TI Identification of tamoxifen-DNA adducts formed by 4-hydroxytamoxifen quinone methide SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER PREVENTION; SURGICAL-ADJUVANT-BREAST; DERIVATIVE METABOLITE-E; ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA; PEROXIDASE ACTIVATION; LIVER CARCINOGEN; RAT HEPATOCYTES; THERAPY; TOREMIFENE; TRIAL AB Tamoxifen is a liver carcinogen in rats and has been shown to increase the risk of endometrial cancer in women, Recent reports of DNA adducts in leucocyte and endometrial samples from women treated with tamoxifen indicate that it may be genotoxic to humans. One of the proposed pathways for the metabolic activation of tamoxifen involves oxidation to 4-hydroxytamoxifen, which may be further oxidized to an electrophilic quinone methide, In the present study we show that 4-hydroxytamoxifen quinone methide reacts with DNA to form covalent adducts. The major products, which result from 1,8-addition of the exocyclic nitrogen of deoxyguanosine to the conjugated system of 4-hydroxytamoxifen quinone methide, are characterized as (E)- and (Z)-alpha-(deoxyguanosin-N-2-yl)-4-hydroxytamoxifen. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. Univ Tecn Lisboa, CTR QUIM ESTRUTURAL, INST SUPER TECN, P-1096 LISBON, PORTUGAL. RI Marques, M. Matilde/E-2535-2012 OI Marques, M. Matilde/0000-0002-7526-4962 NR 56 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD OCT PY 1997 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1949 EP 1954 DI 10.1093/carcin/18.10.1949 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YB225 UT WOS:A1997YB22500015 PM 9364005 ER PT J AU Scholl, PF Musser, SM Groopman, JD AF Scholl, PF Musser, SM Groopman, JD TI Synthesis and characterization of aflatoxin B-1 mercapturic acids and their identification in rat urine SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES; INDUCED HEPATIC TUMORIGENESIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; MOLECULAR DOSIMETRY; METABOLITES; OLTIPRAZ; ADDUCT; AFLATOXIN-N7-GUANINE; CARCINOGENESIS AB Biologic effects of the hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B-1 are principally induced by one of its metabolites, the exo-aflatoxin B-1 epoxide which produces both DNA and protein adducts in vivo. Detoxication of the exo-aflatoxin B-1 epoxide can be mediated in part by glutathione S-transferases whose induction could be important in chemoprotection interventions. Thus, biomarkers of the enzymatic conjugation of exo-aflatoxin B-1 epoxide with glutathione may be important, indices of protection against; the toxic effect of this agent. Since glutathione conjugates undergo further metabolic processing in vivo to yield mercapturic acids, increased urinary excretion of exo-aflatoxin B-1 mercapturate could be expected during chemoprotection intervention, To determine if this mercapturic acid could be used as a biomarker, techniques fbr its specific measurement were developed using monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity chromatography and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance and mass spectral detection. First, a synthetic exo-aflatoxin BI mercapturate was characterized using mass spectrometry, ultraviolet absorbance, circular dichroism spectrometry, and chemical derivatization. Zn vivo metabolite characterization was then facilitated by comparison with the synthetically prepared exo-aflatoxin B-1 mercapturate and both aflatoxin B-1-glutathione conjugate diastereoisomers. In rats, 1% of the aflatoxin dose was excreted as exo-aflatoxin B-1 mercapturate within 24 h. The finding that exo-aflatoxin BI mercapturate was excreted in urine in a dose-dependent manner provides the basis for investigating its applicability as a biomarker of glutathione S-transferase status in aflatoxin chemoprotection studies. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. OI Scholl, Peter/0000-0002-8870-3266 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES 06052, P30 ES 03819, T32 ES 07041] NR 50 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1144 EP 1151 DI 10.1021/tx960161+ PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA YB089 UT WOS:A1997YB08900012 PM 9348437 ER PT J AU Hillman, GG Younes, E Visscher, D Hamzavi, F Kim, S Lam, JS Montecillo, EJ Ali, E Pontes, JE Puri, RK Haas, GP AF Hillman, GG Younes, E Visscher, D Hamzavi, F Kim, S Lam, JS Montecillo, EJ Ali, E Pontes, JE Puri, RK Haas, GP TI Inhibition of murine renal carcinoma pulmonary metastases by systemic administration of interferon gamma: Mechanism of action and potential for combination with interleukin 4 SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CELL CARCINOMA; ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; FACTOR-ALPHA; IFN-GAMMA; THERAPY; CANCER; GROWTH; MODULATION; REGRESSION AB We have previously demonstrated that IFN-gamma causes cell growth inhibition acid up-regulation of MHC antigens in human renal cell carcinoma cell lines. In this study, we have investigated the therapeutic potential of IFN-gamma for the treatment of S-day established pulmonary metastases induced by i.v. injection of Renca cells, a murine renal adenocarcinoma, We found that systemic injections of IFN-gamma significantly reduced the number of lung metastases in a dose-dependent manner and increased mouse survival, Histological evaluation of IFN-gamma-treated lungs showed residual small tumor nodules containing extensive necrosis and mononuclear infiltrates, Immunohistochemistry studies on lung sections showed macrophage infiltration into tumor nodules, and in vivo depletion of macrophages partially inhibited IFN-gamma antitumor effect, suggesting a role for the macrophages in tumor destruction, Lymphocyte depletion of either natural killer (NK) cells or CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell subsets or both T-cell subsets did not affect the IFN-gamma effect, whereas depletion of both NK and T cells decreased the antitumor activity of IFN-gamma. These data indicate that neither T cells nor NK cells are essential for this activity but that either lymphocyte population can contribute to the IFN-gamma effect. An optimal dose of IFN-gamma inhibited by 60% the growth of Renca cells treated for 3 days lit vitro, but this effect was transient and less pronounced in a long-term colony assay, suggesting that IFN-gamma direct growth inhibition may play a role but may not be sufficient to mediate its antitumor effect in vivo. In vitro, IFN-gamma caused up-regulation of class I MHC antigens and induction of class II antigen expression in Renca cells, an effect that may enhance Renca immunogenicity but may be relevant only when a T-cell response is elicited. A sequential administration of IFN-gamma followed by interleukin 4 was therapeutically better than IFN-gamma alone for the treatment of advanced pulmonary metastases, probably due to different antitumor mechanisms induced by these two cytokines. C1 WAYNE STATE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,DETROIT,MI 48201. HARPER GRACE HOSP,DETROIT,MI 48201. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,LAB MOL TUMOR BIOL,DIV CELLULAR & GENE THERAPIES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Hillman, GG (reprint author), WAYNE STATE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT UROL,ROOM 150,LANDE BLDG,550 E CANFIELD ST,DETROIT,MI 48201, USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 3 IS 10 BP 1799 EP 1806 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XZ475 UT WOS:A1997XZ47500018 PM 9815566 ER PT J AU Masur, H Kaplan, JE Holmes, KK Baker, AC Barr, D Benson, C Brosgart, C Chaisson, R Cooper, E Crumpacker, C Decker, C Drew, L Eisinger, R ElSadr, W Freedberg, K Goldberger, M Gordin, F Greaves, W Gross, P Hafner, R Havlir, D Horsburgh, R Jabs, D Kitahata, M Kovacs, J Martone, W Mayers, D Melnick, D Mofenson, L Neaton, J Nelson, C Oldfield, E Phair, J Polis, M Polsky, B Powderly, W Rimland, D Sloand, E Solomon, L Spector, S Sperling, R Trapnell, CB VanDyke, R Whitley, R Wright, T Belay, E Butler, JC Castro, KG Dykewicz, C Edlin, BR Ellerbrock, T Hajjeh, RA Jaffe, HW Juranek, D McNeil, M Miller, B Pellett, PE Reeves, W Schluter, WW Spiegel, RA Stewart, JA Styrt, B Vernon, SD Ward, J AF Masur, H Kaplan, JE Holmes, KK Baker, AC Barr, D Benson, C Brosgart, C Chaisson, R Cooper, E Crumpacker, C Decker, C Drew, L Eisinger, R ElSadr, W Freedberg, K Goldberger, M Gordin, F Greaves, W Gross, P Hafner, R Havlir, D Horsburgh, R Jabs, D Kitahata, M Kovacs, J Martone, W Mayers, D Melnick, D Mofenson, L Neaton, J Nelson, C Oldfield, E Phair, J Polis, M Polsky, B Powderly, W Rimland, D Sloand, E Solomon, L Spector, S Sperling, R Trapnell, CB VanDyke, R Whitley, R Wright, T Belay, E Butler, JC Castro, KG Dykewicz, C Edlin, BR Ellerbrock, T Hajjeh, RA Jaffe, HW Juranek, D McNeil, M Miller, B Pellett, PE Reeves, W Schluter, WW Spiegel, RA Stewart, JA Styrt, B Vernon, SD Ward, J TI Preface to the 1997 USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; 2 CONTROLLED TRIALS; CD4 CELL COUNTS; HIV-INFECTION; RIFABUTIN PROPHYLAXIS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; DNA-SEQUENCES; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS C1 NIH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA. NATL ASSOC PERSONS AIDS, WASHINGTON, DC USA. GAY MENS HLTH CRISIS INC, WASHINGTON, DC USA. RUSH MED COLL, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA. E BAY AIDS CTR, BERKELEY, CA USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD USA. BETH ISRAEL HOSP, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, BETHESDA, MD USA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, MT ZION MED CTR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG, HARLEM HOSP CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10032 USA. BOSTON MED CTR, BOSTON, MA USA. US FDA, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. VET ADM MED CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20422 USA. HOWARD UNIV HOSP, WASHINGTON, DC USA. HACKENSACK MED CTR, HACKENSACK, NJ 07604 USA. EMORY UNIV, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. NATL FDN INFECT DIS, BETHESDA, MD USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA. KAISER PERMANENTE, SPRINGFIELD, VA USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. NATL MINOR AIDS COUNCIL, WASHINGTON, DC USA. EASTERN VIRGINIA MED SCH, NORFOLK, VA 23501 USA. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, SCH MED, CHICAGO, IL USA. WASHINGTON UNIV, ST LOUIS, MO 63130 USA. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYGIENE, BALTIMORE, MD USA. MT SINAI MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10029 USA. TULANE UNIV, SCH MED, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70112 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, BIRMINGHAM, AL USA. COLUMBIA UNIV, COLL PHYS & SURG, NEW YORK, NY USA. RP Masur, H (reprint author), CDC, NATL AIDS CLEARINGHOUSE, POB 6003, ROCKVILLE, MD 20849 USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 106 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 25 SU 3 BP S299 EP + PG 15 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YF067 UT WOS:A1997YF06700001 ER PT J AU Masur, H Kaplan, JE Holmes, KK Armstrong, D Baker, AC Barr, D Benson, C Brosgart, C Chaisson, R Cooper, E Crumpacker, C Decker, C Drew, L Eisinger, R ElSadr, W Freedberg, K Goldberger, M Gordin, F Greaves, W Gross, P Hafner, R Havlir, D Horsburgh, R Jabs, D Kitahata, M Kovacs, J Martone, W Mayers, D Melnick, D Mofenson, L Neaton, J Nelson, C Oldfield, E Phair, J Polis, M Polsky, B Powderly, W Rimland, D Sloand, E Solomon, L Spector, S Sperling, R Trapnell, CB VanDyke, R Whitley, R Wright, T Belay, E Butler, JC Castro, KG Dykewicz, C Edlin, BR Ellerbrock, T Hajjeh, RA Jaffe, HW Juranek, D McNeil, M Miller, B Pellett, PE Reeves, W Schluter, WW Spiegel, RA Stewart, JA Styrt, B Vernon, SD Ward, J AF Masur, H Kaplan, JE Holmes, KK Armstrong, D Baker, AC Barr, D Benson, C Brosgart, C Chaisson, R Cooper, E Crumpacker, C Decker, C Drew, L Eisinger, R ElSadr, W Freedberg, K Goldberger, M Gordin, F Greaves, W Gross, P Hafner, R Havlir, D Horsburgh, R Jabs, D Kitahata, M Kovacs, J Martone, W Mayers, D Melnick, D Mofenson, L Neaton, J Nelson, C Oldfield, E Phair, J Polis, M Polsky, B Powderly, W Rimland, D Sloand, E Solomon, L Spector, S Sperling, R Trapnell, CB VanDyke, R Whitley, R Wright, T Belay, E Butler, JC Castro, KG Dykewicz, C Edlin, BR Ellerbrock, T Hajjeh, RA Jaffe, HW Juranek, D McNeil, M Miller, B Pellett, PE Reeves, W Schluter, WW Spiegel, RA Stewart, JA Styrt, B Vernon, SD Ward, J TI 1997 USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: Disease-specific recommendations SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 CDC, NATL AIDS CLEARINGHOUSE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20849 USA. NATL INST HLTH, BETHESDA, MD USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA. NATL ASSOC PERSONS AIDS, WASHINGTON, DC USA. GAY MENS HLTH CRISIS INC, WASHINGTON, DC USA. RUSH MED COLL, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA. E BAY AIDS CTR, BERKELEY, CA USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD USA. BETH ISRAEL HOSP, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, BETHESDA, MD USA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, MT ZION MED CTR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG, HARLEM HOSP CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10032 USA. BOSTON MED CTR, BOSTON, MA USA. US FDA, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. VET ADM MED CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20422 USA. HOWARD UNIV HOSP, WASHINGTON, DC USA. HACKENSACK MED CTR, HACKENSACK, NJ 07604 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. EMORY UNIV, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. NATL FDN INFECT DIS, BETHESDA, MD USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA. KAISER PERMANENTE, SPRINGFIELD, VA USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. NATL MINOR AIDS COUNCIL, WASHINGTON, DC USA. W VIRGINIA SCH MED, NORFOLK, VA USA. WASHINGTON UNIV, ST LOUIS, MO 63130 USA. VET ADM MED CTR, ATLANTA, GA 30033 USA. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG, BALTIMORE, MD USA. MT SINAI MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10029 USA. TULANE UNIV, SCH MED, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70112 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, BIRMINGHAM, AL USA. COLUMBIA UNIV, COLL PHYS & SURG, NEW YORK, NY USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 25 SU 3 BP S313 EP S335 PG 23 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YF067 UT WOS:A1997YF06700002 ER PT J AU Banfalvi, G Poirier, LA Mikhailova, M Chou, MW AF Banfalvi, G Poirier, LA Mikhailova, M Chou, MW TI Relationship of repair and replicative DNA synthesis to cell cycle in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells SO DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIPLOID HUMAN-FIBROBLASTS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; S-PHASE; POLYMERASE-ALPHA; PERMEABLE CELLS; EXCISION REPAIR; CHAINS; DEGRADATION; APHIDICOLIN; INVOLVEMENT AB To strengthen the causal association between repair and replicative DNA synthesis, we have simultaneously measured the two types of DNA synthesis in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Synchrony was obtained by counterflow centrifugal elutriation of logarithmic-phase Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells kept in suspension cultures. A comparison of cell cycle profiles of ATP-dependent replicative and ATP-independent repair synthesis in permeable cells shows opposite trends. The rates of repair synthesis and replication are inversely correlated. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NUTR TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP Banfalvi, G (reprint author), SEMMELWEIS UNIV MED,DEPT MED CHEM,SCH MED,DEPT MED CHEM MOL BIOL & PATHOBIOCHEM,PUSKIN U 9,H-1088 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1044-5498 J9 DNA CELL BIOL JI DNA Cell Biol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1155 EP 1160 DI 10.1089/dna.1997.16.1155 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA YE464 UT WOS:A1997YE46400003 PM 9364926 ER PT J AU Weisz, A AF Weisz, A TI Analysis of 1-carboxy-5,7-dibromo-6-hydroxy-2,3,4-trichloroxanthone in the color additives D and C Red Nos 27 and 28 (phloxine B) by liquid chromatography SO DYES AND PIGMENTS LA English DT Article DE 1-carboxy-5,7-dibromo-6-hydroxy-2,3,4-trichloroxanthane; high-performance liquid chromatography; color additives; D&C Red Nos 27 and 28; phloxine B ID COUNTERCURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY AB High-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyse 1-carboxy-5,7-dibromo-6-hydroxy-2,3,4-trichloroxanthone (HXCA) in 34 commercial batches of U.S. certified color additives D&C Red Nos, 27 and 28 (phloxine B). Thirty-one samples were found to contain HXCA in amounts ranging from 0.01 to 0.47% with an average value of 0.12%. These values are one order of magnitude lower than those previously reported for the Japanese counterpart of D&C Red No. 28 (Food Red No. 104). The analyses also revealed significant differences in the level of HXCA across batches from the same manufacturer, The analyses suggest that the presence of HXCA in D&C Red Nos. 27 and 28 may be avoided in the manufacturing process. A theoretical account that could explain the origin of HXCA in these color additives is also proposed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Weisz, A (reprint author), US FDA,OFF COSMET & COLORS,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0143-7208 J9 DYES PIGMENTS JI Dyes Pigment. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 35 IS 2 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1016/S0143-7208(96)00102-7 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA YJ205 UT WOS:A1997YJ20500002 ER PT J AU Angulo, F Swerdlow, D Tauxe, R Griffin, P Voetsch, D Boyce, T Reddy, S Evans, M Yang, S Vugia, D Werner, B Reilly, K Shallow, S Rothrock, G Daily, P Chi, F Blake, P Koehler, J Farley, M Baughman, W Bardsley, M Segler, S Desai, S Hadler, J Mshar, P Marcus, R Fiorentino, T Osterholm, M Hedberg, C Bender, J Hogan, J Deneen, V Kassenborg, H Cieslak, P Townes, J Shiferaw, B Cassidy, M McGivern, T Stanton, R Dwyer, D Pass, P Morse, D Kiehlbauch, J Chang, HG Stone, C Wachsmuth, IK Hollingsworth, J Nunnery, P Baker, A Sparling, P Falci, K Garthright, B Altekruse, S AF Angulo, F Swerdlow, D Tauxe, R Griffin, P Voetsch, D Boyce, T Reddy, S Evans, M Yang, S Vugia, D Werner, B Reilly, K Shallow, S Rothrock, G Daily, P Chi, F Blake, P Koehler, J Farley, M Baughman, W Bardsley, M Segler, S Desai, S Hadler, J Mshar, P Marcus, R Fiorentino, T Osterholm, M Hedberg, C Bender, J Hogan, J Deneen, V Kassenborg, H Cieslak, P Townes, J Shiferaw, B Cassidy, M McGivern, T Stanton, R Dwyer, D Pass, P Morse, D Kiehlbauch, J Chang, HG Stone, C Wachsmuth, IK Hollingsworth, J Nunnery, P Baker, A Sparling, P Falci, K Garthright, B Altekruse, S TI FoodNet components SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414. OREGON HLTH DIV,PORTLAND,OR. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12237. USDA ARS,FSIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. US FDA,CFSAN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP Angulo, F (reprint author), CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 3 IS 4 BP 582 EP 583 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YE794 UT WOS:A1997YE79400029 ER PT J AU Tong, WD Perkins, R Strelitz, R Collantes, ER Keenan, S Welsh, WJ Branham, WS Sheehan, DM AF Tong, WD Perkins, R Strelitz, R Collantes, ER Keenan, S Welsh, WJ Branham, WS Sheehan, DM TI Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for estrogen binding to the estrogen receptor: Predictions across species SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE CODESSA; CoMFA; endocrine disruptors; estrogen receptor; estrogens; quantitative structure-activity relationships; QSAR; relative binding affinity; species-to-species extrapolation; xenoestrogens ID MOLECULAR-FIELD ANALYSIS; PROPERTY RELATIONSHIP TREATMENT; CHROMATOGRAPHIC RETENTION; ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGENS; UTERINE GROWTH; BREAST-CANCER; RAT; TOXICOLOGY; AFFINITIES; EXPRESSION AB The recognition of adverse effects due to environmental endocrine disrupters in humans and wildlife has focused attention on the need for predictive tools to select the most likely estrogenic chemicals from a very large number of chemicals for subsequent screening and/or testing for potential environmental toxicity. A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was constructed based on relative binding affinity (RBA) data from an estrogen receptor (ER) binding assay using calf uterine cytosol. The model demonstrated significant correlation of the calculated steric and electrostatic fields with RBA and yielded predictions that agreed well with experimental values over the entire range of RBA values. Analysis of the CoMFA three-dimensional contour plots revealed a consistent picture of the structural features that are largely responsible for the observed variations in RBA. Importantly, we established a correlation between the predicted RBA values for calf ER and their actual RBA values for human ER. These findings suggest a means to begin to construct a more comprehensive estrogen knowledge base by combining RBA assay data from multiple species in 3D-QSAR based predictive models, which could then be used to screen untested chemicals for their potential to bind to the ER Another QSAR model was developed based on classical physicochemical descriptors generated using the CODESSA (Comprehensive Descriptors for Structural and Statistical Analysis) program. The predictive ability of the CoMFA model was superior to the corresponding CODESSA model. C1 ROW Sci Inc, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Reprod & Dev Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Tong, WD (reprint author), ROW Sci Inc, 3900 NCTR Rd,Mail Code 910, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 47 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 105 IS 10 BP 1116 EP 1124 DI 10.1289/ehp.971051116 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA ZB726 UT WOS:000072501400021 PM 9353176 ER PT J AU Garthright, WE AF Garthright, WE TI A Bayesian analysis of serial dilutions offers a worse positive bias than the MPN and proposes an inappropriate interval estimate SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DENSITY AB The recent article 'Estimating bacterial density from tube dilution data by a Bayesian method', by Roussanov et al. (Food Microbiology, 1996 13, 1431-1437), inappropriately treats the likelihood function over a scalar (not logarithmic) axis as a Bayesian probability distribution over a universe of possible concentrations of microbes. The authors recommend that the mean of that distribution serve as a point estimate, but they derive an interval estimate that is inconsistent with the use of the mean for the point estimate. Using the uniform prior distribution is unsatisfactory on Bayesian terms. Using the interval estimate is inappropriate. The point estimate derived from the scalar mean is much more positively biased than the MPN. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. RP Garthright, WE (reprint author), US FDA,DIV MATH,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 14 IS 5 BP 515 EP 517 DI 10.1006/fmic.1997.0127 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA YC498 UT WOS:A1997YC49800014 ER PT J AU Garthright, WE AF Garthright, WE TI A Bayesian analysis of serial dilutions offers a worse positive bias than the MPN and proposes an inappropriate interval estimate - Response SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Garthright, WE (reprint author), US FDA,DIV MATH,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 14 IS 5 BP 523 EP 523 DI 10.1006/fmic.1997.0128 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA YC498 UT WOS:A1997YC49800016 ER PT J AU Larkin, JW AF Larkin, JW TI Workshop targets continuous multiphase aseptic processing of foods SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Institute-of-Food-Technologists CY JUN 22-26, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Inst Food Technologists AB For many years, food processors have tried to develop an aseptic process for food products containing particles. The development of such a process has been hindered by the requirement to demonstrate an adequate thermal treatment for every portion of the product. RP Larkin, JW (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR FOOD SAFETY & TECHNOL,6502 S ARCHER RD,SUMMIT ARGO,IL 60501, USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 51 IS 10 BP 43 EP 44 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YA832 UT WOS:A1997YA83200016 ER PT J AU Digeronimo, M Garthright, W Larkin, JW AF Digeronimo, M Garthright, W Larkin, JW TI Statistical design and analysis SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Institute-of-Food-Technologists CY JUN 22-26, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Inst Food Technologists ID RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION; PARTICULATE FOODS; SUSPENSIONS; PARTICLES; FLOW AB Aseptic manufacturing of low-acid, single-phase foods such as milk and milk-based products, cheese sauces, and puddings is well established as a reliable and effective means of heat preservation, However, establishing a scheduled process to ensure commercial sterility of an aseptically manufactured food containing particulates is more complex. C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP Digeronimo, M (reprint author), DOVER BROOK ASSOCIATES,POB 177,CHESTER,NY 10918, USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 51 IS 10 BP 52 EP & PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YA832 UT WOS:A1997YA83200019 ER PT J AU Minemura, M Tanimura, H Tabor, E AF Minemura, M Tanimura, H Tabor, E TI Overexpression of drug resistance genes MDR1 and cMOAT in human hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma cell lines. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,DIV TRANFUS TRANSMITTED DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20014. OITA MED SCH,DEPT SURG 2,OITA,JAPAN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP 181 EP 181 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA XY874 UT WOS:A1997XY87400181 ER PT J AU Momosaki, S Hsia, CC Nakashima, Y Kojiro, M Tabor, E AF Momosaki, S Hsia, CC Nakashima, Y Kojiro, M Tabor, E TI Hot spot mutations in the hepatitis B virus X gene in hepatocellular carcinomas in Japan. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,DIV TRANSFUS TRANSMITTED DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20014. KURUME UNIV,DEPT PATHOL 1,FUKUOKA,JAPAN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP 524 EP 524 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA XY874 UT WOS:A1997XY87400524 ER PT J AU Hsia, CC Nakashima, Y Thorgeirsson, SS Harris, CC Wang, NJ Momosaki, S Tabor, E AF Hsia, CC Nakashima, Y Thorgeirsson, SS Harris, CC Wang, NJ Momosaki, S Tabor, E TI Correlation of immunohistochemical staining and mutations of p53 in human hepatocellular carcinoma. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,DIV TRANSFUS TRANSMITTED DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20014. NCI,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. QIDONG CANC INST,QIDONG,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP 1320 EP 1320 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA XY874 UT WOS:A1997XY87401320 ER PT J AU Hsia, CC Nakashima, Y Tabor, E AF Hsia, CC Nakashima, Y Tabor, E TI Deletion mutants of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,DIV TRANSFUS TRANSMITTED DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20014. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP 1321 EP 1321 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA XY874 UT WOS:A1997XY87401321 ER PT J AU Wear, KA Myers, KJ Rajan, SS Grossman, LW AF Wear, KA Myers, KJ Rajan, SS Grossman, LW TI Constrained reconstruction applied to 2-D chemical shift imaging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE constrained reconstruction; localization; magnetic resonance spectroscopy ID SPECTRAL LOCALIZATION; TRUNCATION ARTIFACT; FOURIER-TRANSFORM; REDUCTION; EXTRAPOLATION; SPECTROSCOPY; IMAGES; NOISE; TIME; P-31 AB The method of constrained reconstruction, previously applied to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is extended to magnetic resonance spectroscopy, This method assumes a model for the MR signal, The model parameters are estimated directly from the phase encoded data, This process obviates the need for the fast Fourier transform (FFT) (which often exhibits limited resolution and ringing artifact), The technique is tested on simulated data, phantom data, and data acquired from human Liver in vivo. In each case, constrained reconstruction offers spatial resolution superior to that obtained with the FFT. C1 BRACCO DIAGNOST INC,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. RP Wear, KA (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,12720 TWINBROOK PKWY,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0278-0062 J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging PD OCT PY 1997 VL 16 IS 5 BP 591 EP 597 DI 10.1109/42.640749 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YE919 UT WOS:A1997YE91900012 PM 9368114 ER PT J AU Czeczulin, JR Balepur, S Hicks, S Phillips, A Hall, R Kothary, MH NavarroGarcia, F Nataro, JP AF Czeczulin, JR Balepur, S Hicks, S Phillips, A Hall, R Kothary, MH NavarroGarcia, F Nataro, JP TI Aggregative adherence fimbria II, a second fimbrial antigen mediating aggregative adherence in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN INTESTINAL-MUCOSA; PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; HEP-2 CELLS; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; HEAT-LABILE; DNA PROBE; STRAINS; PATTERNS; ADHESION; INVITRO AB Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) has been implicated as an agent of pediatric diarrhea in the developing world. We have shown previously that EAEC adheres to HEp-2 cells by virtue of a plasmid-encoded fimbrial adhesin designated aggregative adherence fimbria I (AAF/I), the genes for which have been cloned and sequenced, However, not all EAEC strains express AAF/I. Using TnphoA mutagenesis, me have characterized a novel fimbria (designated AAF/II) which mediates HEp-2 adherence of the human-pathogenic strain 042, AAF/II is 5 nm in diameter and does not bind AAF/I antiserum, as determined by immunogold transmission electron microscopy. TnphoA identified a gene (designated aafA) which bears significant homology to aggA, the fimbrial subunit of AAF/I (25% identity and 47% similarity at the amino acid level), When hyperexpressed and purified by polyhistidine tagging, the AafA protein assembled into 5-nm-diameter filaments which bound anti-AAF/II antiserum, The cloned aafA gene complemented a mutation in the aggA gene to confer fimbrial expression fram the AAF/I gene cluster, manifesting phenotypes characteristic of AAF/II but not AAF/I, The aafA mutant did not adhere to human intestinal tissue in culture, suggesting a role for AAF/II in intestinal colonization, By using DNA probes for AAF/I and AAF/II derived from fimbrial biosynthesis genes, we show that AAF/I and AAF/II are each found in only a minority of EAEC strains, suggesting that still more EAEC adhesins exist, Our data suggest that AAF adhesins represent a new family of fimbrial adhesins which mediate aggregative adherence in EAEC. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,CTR VACCINE DEV,DEPT PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,CTR VACCINE DEV,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV LONDON ROYAL FREE HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT GASTROENTEROL,LONDON NW3 2QG,ENGLAND. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV VIRULENCE ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RI Navarro-Garcia, Fernando/A-3980-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI33096] NR 45 TC 153 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 65 IS 10 BP 4135 EP 4145 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XY522 UT WOS:A1997XY52200024 PM 9317019 ER PT J AU Makemson, JC Fulayfil, NR Landry, W VanErt, LM Wimpee, CF Widder, EA Case, JF AF Makemson, JC Fulayfil, NR Landry, W VanErt, LM Wimpee, CF Widder, EA Case, JF TI Shewanella woodyi sp. nov., an exclusively respiratory luminous bacterium isolated from the Alboran Sea SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA AMPLIFICATION; MARINE; ALTEROMONAS; GENERA AB Thirty-four strains of nonfermentative, respiratory, luminous bacteria were isolated from samples of squid ink and seawater from depths of 200 to 300 m in the Alboran Sea, Although these strains had a few properties similar to properties of Shewanella (Alteromonas) hanedai, they did not cluster phenotypically with any previously described bacterium, The nucleotide sequence of a 740-bp segment of luxA was not homologous with other known luxA sequences but clustered with the luxA sequences of Shewanella hanedai, Vibrio logei, Vibrio fischeri, and Photobacterium species. The 16S RNA gene from two strains was sequenced and was found to be most closely related to the S. hanedai 16S RNA gene, Based on the differences observed, rye describe the new isolates as members of a new species, Shewanella woodyi sp, nov. Strain ATCC 51908 (= MS32) is tbe type strain of this new species. C1 US FDA,DALLAS,TX 75204. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BIOL SCI,MILWAUKEE,WI 53201. HARBOR BRANCH OCEANOG INST INC,FT PIERCE,FL 34946. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,INST MARINE SCI,BIOLUMINESCENCE GRP,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. RP Makemson, JC (reprint author), FLORIDA INT UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,UNIV PK,MIAMI,FL 33199, USA. NR 15 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1034 EP 1039 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YB183 UT WOS:A1997YB18300016 PM 9336902 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI New guidance for prescription drug TV and radio advertising proposed SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 13 BP 1054 EP 1054 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XX303 UT WOS:A1997XX30300006 PM 9315751 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI Implanted brain stimulator approved to control tremors SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 13 BP 1054 EP 1054 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XX303 UT WOS:A1997XX30300009 PM 9315751 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI New requirement for pediatric data on drug products proposed SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 13 BP 1054 EP 1054 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XX303 UT WOS:A1997XX30300008 PM 9315751 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI Request for public comment on informed consent waiver rule in combat situations SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 13 BP 1054 EP 1054 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XX303 UT WOS:A1997XX30300007 PM 9315751 ER PT J AU Smallwood, AW Tschee, CS Satzger, RD AF Smallwood, AW Tschee, CS Satzger, RD TI Basic drug screen and quantitation of five toxic alkaloids in milk, chocolate milk, orange juice, and blended vegetable juice SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE foods; alkaloids; solid phase extraction; HPLC ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A convenient and general method for the determination of alkaloids in processed foods and a screen for basic drugs is presented. The food matrix is removed by mixing the sample with a buffered ion-pair reagent followed by centrifugation. The alkaloids are solid phase extracted from the supernatant. The extracted alkaloids are eluted and then analyzed by HPLC using reversed phase ion-pair chromatography. The run is isocratic. A photodiode array detector allows the simultaneous collection of signals at optimum wavelengths for a series of alkaloids in the same sample. The mean percent recovery across five alkaloids in four matrices was 87%. RP Smallwood, AW (reprint author), US FDA,FORENS CHEM CTR,1141 CENT PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45202, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3976 EP 3979 DI 10.1021/jf9702757 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YB397 UT WOS:A1997YB39700048 ER PT J AU Schlesser, JE Armstrong, DJ Cinar, A Ramanauskas, P Negiz, A AF Schlesser, JE Armstrong, DJ Cinar, A Ramanauskas, P Negiz, A TI Automated control and monitoring of thermal processing using high temperature, short time pasteurization SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE data acquisition; dairy; pasteurization; high temperature, short-time controls AB High temperature, short time pasteurization was used to evaluate a computer-based system for controlling the pasteurization process, acquiring data, and monitoring records. Software was used for the control of hot water temperature, flow rate through the centrifugal timing pump, and diversion of under-processed product. Three types of control strategies were conducted: single loop, cascade, and multivariable. The single loop control strategy showed the most rapid responses to temperature changes, but the temperature response curve was slowest to return to its set point. The cascade control strategy showed slower recoveries to temperature changes, but the temperature response curve was smoother. The multivariable control strategy responded slightly faster than the cascade control strategy, and the temperature response curve was slightly smoother than the cascade control strategy. The multivariable control strategy was able to control the flow diversion valve by the use of a lethality controller. The data acquisition system, used to monitor the data obtained from the high temperature, short-time pasteurization system, was within +/- 0.1 degrees C of the temperature recorded by the safety thermal limit recorder. Reliability was determined by examining the changes in the position of the flow diversion valve to identify process deviations and by comparing the changes to the event marker on circular charts. The data acquisition system was an effective alternative for monitoring the completeness of data. RP Schlesser, JE (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR FOOD SAFETY & TECHNOL,6502 S ARCHER RD,SUMMIT ARGO,IL 60501, USA. OI Cinar, Ali/0000-0002-1607-9943 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 80 IS 10 BP 2291 EP 2296 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA YE212 UT WOS:A1997YE21200007 PM 9361200 ER PT J AU Donoghue, DJ Schenck, FJ Hairston, H Podhorniak, LV AF Donoghue, DJ Schenck, FJ Hairston, H Podhorniak, LV TI Modeling drug residue uptake by eggs: Evidence of a consistent daily pattern of contaminant transfer into developing preovulatory yolks SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE drug residues; lindane; modeling; yolk; eggs ID AMPICILLIN AB A study was conducted to determine if the chicken ovary deposits the pesticide lindane into preovulatory egg yolks in a daily pattern similar to that previously reported for both of the antibiotics ampicillin and oxytetracycline. Our laboratory has proposed that a variety of drugs or contaminants are deposited into preovulatory yolks in a consistent manner. This possibility of a consistent pattern of drug deposition in preovulatory yolks has been used as a foundation for a model which predicts the pattern of residues contained in laid eggs. In two separate experiments, 16 hens were dosed with 3 mg of lindane per kg of body weight orally approximately 1 h after oviposition (8 hens per experiment). Twenty-four hours following dosing, hens were sacrificed and the ovaries were collected. Yolks were dissected free from the individual follicles with a blunt probe. Individual large (greater than or equal to 0.2 g) yellow yolks and a pool of 5 small (<0.2 g) yellow yolks were collected for determination of lindane content. Samples were prepared and assayed by using a gas chromatography method. Results indicate the pattern of incorporation of lindane residues in developing yolks is similar to the previous pattern obtained for both ampicillin and oxytetracycline. These data confirm the possibility that diverse chemical compounds may be incorporated into preovulatory yolks in a similar pattern, supporting a key component of our model, which predicts the pattern of incurred residues in laid eggs for a variety of drugs or contaminants. C1 US FDA,BALTIMORE DIST LAB,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RP Donoghue, DJ (reprint author), US FDA,DIV ANIM RES,CTR VET MED,8401 MUIRKIRK RD,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 60 IS 10 BP 1251 EP 1255 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA YE208 UT WOS:A1997YE20800016 ER PT J AU Watkins, BA Crowley, R Davis, AE Louie, AT Reitz, MS AF Watkins, BA Crowley, R Davis, AE Louie, AT Reitz, MS TI Syncytium formation induced by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates correlates with affinity for CD4 SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL LINES; V3 LOOP; HIV TYPE-1; MT-2 CELLS; MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES; SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN; GP120 GLYCOPROTEIN; ENVELOPE GENE; HTLV-III; TROPISM AB Different strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) show considerable divergence in genetic content and biological properties. One property that has been closely correlated with clinical prognosis is the ability to induce syncytia formation in susceptible cells. This ability had been correlated with the V3 loop sequence of major envelope glycoprotein, gp120, but recent reports have questioned this connection. We investigated the contributions of different regions of the env gene to syncytia induction using chimeric viruses that contain part of the genome of a strain that lacks this ability (HIV-1(Ba-L)) within the genome of a virus that can form syncytia (HIV-1(HXB-2)). When tested in two cell lines susceptible to both parental viruses, as well as in primary cells, these chimeric viruses demonstrated that the ability to induce syncytia formation was determined by regions of env outside the V3 loop, which encompass residues that contribute to the binding of CD4 by gp120. Further investigation failed to show any difference in the expression of gp120 on the cell surface or cell adhesion molecules by cells infected with SI or NSI variants that would explain the observed differences in the ability to form syncytia. Assays of relative affinity for CD4 indicated that gp120 from SI variants showed a significantly higher affinity for CD4 than gp120 from NSI variants. These observations suggest that areas of the HIV-1 env gene contributing to the CD4 binding site may also contribute to the determination of syncytium-inducing (SI) and non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) phenotypes. C1 NCI,DIV BASIC SCI,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,MOL VIROL LAB,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. UNIV MARYLAND,INST HUMAN VIROL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 78 BP 2513 EP 2522 PN 10 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA YA164 UT WOS:A1997YA16400015 PM 9349472 ER PT J AU Rao, P Falk, LA Dougherty, SF Sawada, T Pluznik, DH AF Rao, P Falk, LA Dougherty, SF Sawada, T Pluznik, DH TI Colchicine down-regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production in murine macrophages SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUBULIN MESSENGER-RNAS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; TUMORICIDAL ACTIVITY; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; TAXOL BINDS; ENDOTOXIN; KINASE; GAMMA AB Activation of macrophages by LPS and taxol results in production of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), which are involved in regulating hemopoiesis, inflammation, and immune responses, Microtubules are proposed as a target site for LPS interaction(s), based on similarities between the effects of the tubulin-binding drug taxol and LPS. To clarify the role of microtubules in LPS-induced GM-CSF expression in macrophages, we examined whether microtubule depolymerizing agents affect GM-CSF production in macrophages, Pretreatment with colchicine impaired LPS induction of GM-CSF in RAW 264 cells, and studies using stable transfectants revealed that colchicine impaired the transcriptional responsiveness of a reporter gene driven by a GM-CSF promoter sequence. Colchicine inhibition of the GM-CSF response correlated with decreases in the mRNA levels of beta-tubulin; maximal inhibition of both events was observed 4 h after addition of colchicine. Microtubule agents inhibited LPS induction of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, while the induction of both IL-1 beta and inducible nitric oxide synthase was unaltered, suggesting that LPS activates microtubule-dependent and -independent pathways, Interestingly, LPS stimulation of macrophages down-regulated levels of beta-tubulin transcripts, implying that LPS interacts with an element(s) of the microtubule network in vivo, activating pathways regulating transcription of beta-tubulin. The ability of both colchicine and LPS to modulate transcription of beta-tubulin suggests that this event does not per se underlie the inhibitory effect of colchicine on LPS-induced CM-CSF expression. These data led us to conclude that colchicine inhibits LPS induction of CM-CSF by affecting microtubule-dependent costimulatory signaling pathways that synergize with primary LPS-triggered responses. C1 US FDA,DIV HEMATOL PROD,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 39 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 159 IS 7 BP 3531 EP 3539 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA XY461 UT WOS:A1997XY46100051 PM 9317152 ER PT J AU Keller, SE Sullivan, TM Chirtel, S AF Keller, SE Sullivan, TM Chirtel, S TI Factors affecting the growth of Fusarium proliferatum and the production of fumonisin B-1: oxygen and pH SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium proliferatum; fumonisin; mycotoxin ID EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; MONILIFORME; CORN; MYCOTOXINS; TEMPERATURE; TRANSKEI; CULTURE; CHINA AB Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced primarily by Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum in corn. In liquid culture, production of fumonisin B-1 (FB1), the most common moiety of the family of fumonisins, can be obtained using a defined medium that is nitrogen-limited. Under nitrogen-limited conditions both growth and the production of FB1 were greatly influenced by pH and aeration. At pH above 5.0, F. proliferatum grew normally but produced little FB1 (<100 mu g m(-1)). At pH below 5.0, there was less growth but substantially more FB1. Below a pH of 2.5, both growth and metabolism were slower with very little FB1 produced. When the optimal pH range of between 3.0 and 4.0 under well-aerated conditions was used, both growth and FB1 production were high. However, under oxygen-limited conditions, less growth occurred, glucose consumption was increased, and no FB1 was produced. C1 US FDA, CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR, DIV MATH, WASHINGTON, DC 20204 USA. RP Keller, SE (reprint author), US FDA, NATL CTR FOOD SAFETY & TECHNOL, 6502 S ARCHER RD, SUMMIT ARGO, IL 60501 USA. FU FDA HHS [FD-000431] NR 26 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 19 IS 4 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1038/sj.jim.2900466 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA YL435 UT WOS:A1997YL43500013 PM 9439006 ER PT J AU Sommer, N Martin, R McFarland, HF Quigley, L Cannella, B Raine, CS Scott, DE Loschmann, PA Racke, MK AF Sommer, N Martin, R McFarland, HF Quigley, L Cannella, B Raine, CS Scott, DE Loschmann, PA Racke, MK TI Therapeutic potential of phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibition in chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytokine; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; multiple sclerosis; phosphodiesterase type 4; rolipram; tumor necrosis factor ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MYELIN BASIC-PROTEIN; EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; RECEPTOR ALPHA-CHAIN; T-CELLS; ROLIPRAM; PREVENTION; ANTIBODY; MICE; EXPRESSION AB It was recently demonstrated that selective phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibition suppresses the clinical manifestations of acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), and inhibits the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a pathogenetically central cytokine. Since the most common presentation of MS in humans is a relapsing-remitting course, we investigated the therapeutic potential of PDE4 inhibition in the relapsing-remitting EAE model of the SJL mouse. Administration of rolipram. the prototypic PDE4 inhibitor, reduced the clinical signs of EAE during both the initial episode of disease and subsequent relapses. In parallel, there was marked reduction of demyelination and also less inflammation throughout the central nervous system (CNS) of rolipram-treated animals. Gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the CNS was reduced in most of the rolipram-treated animals. Additional experiments demonstrated that PDE I inhibition acted principally by inhibiting the secretion of Thl cytokines, however, the encephalitogenic potential of myelin basic protein-specific T cells was not impaired. Our findings suggest that PDE4 inhibitors are a promising cytokine-directed therapy in chronic demyelinating disease. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV TUBINGEN,DEPT NEUROL,D-72076 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL NEUROPATHOL,BRONX,NY 10461. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Sommer, N (reprint author), NINCDS,NEUROIMMUNOL BRANCH,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS 11920, NS 08952, NS 07098] NR 33 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5728 J9 J NEUROIMMUNOL JI J. Neuroimmunol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 79 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0165-5728(97)00111-2 PG 8 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA YC021 UT WOS:A1997YC02100007 PM 9357447 ER PT J AU Braun, MM Ellenberg, SS AF Braun, MM Ellenberg, SS TI Descriptive epidemiology of adverse events after immunization: Reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 1991-1994 SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID WHOOPING-COUGH AB Objective: To provide an overview of the data, function, and performance of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. Design: Descriptive and correlational analyses. Setting: United States, 1991 through 1994. Subjects: Reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, a passive national surveillance system, that represents temporal (but not necessarily causal) relationships between vaccinations and adverse events. Main outcome measures: Demographic variables, birth weight, vaccine type, severity of adverse event after immunization. Results: A total of 38,787 adverse events was reported during the study period without a clearly increasing or decreasing trend in the annual number of total reports or deaths. Of the deaths with known age, 72.4% were reported in the first year of life, and 63.7% of these were male. The peak age for death reports was 1 to 3 months, with a gradual decline through age 9 months, after which death was relatively rare. Adverse events with onset of symptoms the day of vaccination accounted for 45.5% of total reports; 20.4% had onset of symptoms the following day. Onset within 2 weeks after vaccination was noted for 92.5% of all reports. Simultaneous administration of multiple vaccines was noted in 75.7% of reports for immunizations at ages younger than 20 years. In contrast, among those 20 years or older, only 6.0% of reports named multiple vaccines. Wide geographic variations were noted in adverse event reporting rates for children younger than 2 years, and the states with the lowest reporting rates of less serious events included the most populous states. Conclusions: The peak age of deaths at ages 1 to 3 months could be expected on the basis of prior studies showing that sudden infant death syndrome deaths peak at that age, that most deaths in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System are attributed to sudden infant death syndrome, and that sudden infant death syndrome has not been associated with vaccination. The large number of reports and national coverage of the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System make it useful for monitoring the safety of vaccine lots and fbr accumulating case series to detect or better understand adverse events that may occur too rarely to be assessed in clinical trials or in the larger studies that are sometimes carried out by manufacturers after vaccine licensure (phase IV studies). RP Braun, MM (reprint author), US FDA, CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES, DIV BIOSTAT & EPIDEMIOL, HFM-220, 1401 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 131 IS 4 BP 529 EP 535 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(97)70056-8 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YG843 UT WOS:A1997YG84300009 PM 9386653 ER PT J AU Tuttleman, M Pillemer, SR Tilley, BC Fowler, SE Buckley, LM Alarcon, GS Trentham, DE Neuner, R Clegg, DO Leisen, JCC Heyse, SP AF Tuttleman, M Pillemer, SR Tilley, BC Fowler, SE Buckley, LM Alarcon, GS Trentham, DE Neuner, R Clegg, DO Leisen, JCC Heyse, SP TI A cross sectional assessment of health status instruments in patients with rheumatoid arthritis participating in a clinical trial SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rheumatoid arthritis; SF-36; M-HAQ; health status instruments; clinical trial; quality of life ID IMPACT MEASUREMENT SCALES; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRE; PHYSICAL-DISABILITY; OUTCOME MEASURES AB Objective. To (I) validate die Short-Form Health Sun ey (SF-36) as a generic functional health status measure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis CRA), and (2) assess correlations between the SF-36 and other outcome measures used in the Minocycline in Rheumatoid Arthritis (MIRA) Trial. Methods. We conducted a cross sectional analysis of the final visit outcome measures from the 48 week, multicenter; placebo controlled double blind MIRA trial. Multitrait scaling analyses assessed convergent and discriminant validity and internal consistency reliability of the SF-36 in the study patients. Responses to comparable items on the SF-36 and modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (M-HAQ) regarding physical functioning were compared and questions from both instruments were also compared to other RA outcome measures. Results. In patients with RA, the SF-36 had high internal consistency and reliability, high discriminant and high convergent validity. Moderate correlations were observed (r = -0.46 to -0.61, p < 0.01 in each case) for comparable items on the SF-36 and M-HAQ regarding dressing, walking, and bending. Joint tenderness score correlations with items on the M-HAQ and SF-36, and joint tenderness score correlations with the SF-36 scales were higher than for joint swelling scores. Physician and patient global assessments were mast highly correlated (r = 0.58 and 0.66, p < 0.01, respectively) with the SF-36 bodily pain item. Conclusion. The SF-36 is a valid Instrument for this RA population. The SF-36 correlates with the M-HAQ and the physician and patient global assessments. The usefulness of the SF-36 in measuring change in RA clinical trials requires testing in longitudinal studies. C1 NIAMSD, NIH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. HENRY FORD HLTH SCI CTR, DIV BIOSTAT & RES EPIDEMIOL, DETROIT, MI USA. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV, MED COLL VIRGINIA, DEPT INTERNAL MED, RICHMOND, VA 23298 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, DEPT MED, DIV CLIN IMMUNOL & RHEUMATOL, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35294 USA. BETH ISRAEL HOSP, DIV RHEUMATOL, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. US FDA, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. UNIV UTAH, DEPT INTERNAL MED, DIV RHEUMATOL, SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84112 USA. HENRY FORD HOSP, DIV RHEUMATOL, DETROIT, MI 48202 USA. RP Tuttleman, M (reprint author), NIAID, BMB,DMID,NIH,SOLAR BLDG, ROOM 3A28, 6003 EXECUT BLVD, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [N01-AR-1-2202, N01-AR-1-2203, N01-AR-1-2205] NR 22 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 1 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1910 EP 1915 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA XY693 UT WOS:A1997XY69300011 PM 9330931 ER PT J AU Mazzola, EP McMahon, JB McDonald, RE Yurawecz, MP Sehat, N Mossoba, MM AF Mazzola, EP McMahon, JB McDonald, RE Yurawecz, MP Sehat, N Mossoba, MM TI C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral confirmation of Delta 6- and Delta 7-trans-18:1 fatty acid methyl ester positional isomers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE carbon-13; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); partially hydrogenated soybean oil; positional isomers; trans-monounsaturated fatty acid ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Trans octadecenoic acid methyl ester isomers were obtained from a partially hydrognated soybean oil and isolated by silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatography. Recently, the double-bond positions for nine individual trans octadecenoic acid positional isomers (Delta 8 through Delta 16) were confirmed by gas chromatography-electron ionization mass spectrometry after derivatization to 2-alkenyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline. In this communication, the presence of two additional trans-18:1 fatty acid methyl ester positional isomers (Delta 6 and Delta 7) in the same mixture is confirmed by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The identity of the Delta 5-trans-18:1 far/acid methyl ester positional isomer is inferred. C1 US FDA,OFF PLANT & DAIRY FOODS & BEVERAGES,NATL CTR FOOD SAFETY & TECHNOL,SUMMIT ARGO,IL 60501. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,OFF FOOD LABELING,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP Mazzola, EP (reprint author), US FDA,OFF SCI ANAL & SUPPORT,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,HFS 717,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1335 EP 1337 DI 10.1007/s11746-997-0066-4 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YA666 UT WOS:A1997YA66600023 ER PT J AU Markovic, O Markovic, N AF Markovic, O Markovic, N TI Can acid phosphatase reduce Pap test false-negative readings? SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter C1 US FDA,CDER,DGCDP,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP Markovic, O (reprint author), BIOSCICON INC,259 CONGRESS LN,RM 602,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 89 IS 19 BP 1459 EP 1459 DI 10.1093/jnci/89.19.1459 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XY455 UT WOS:A1997XY45500014 PM 9326916 ER PT J AU Castellino, AM Cantalupo, P Marks, IM Vartikar, JV Peden, KWC Pipas, JM AF Castellino, AM Cantalupo, P Marks, IM Vartikar, JV Peden, KWC Pipas, JM TI trans-dominant and non-trans-dominant mutant simian virus 40 large T antigens show distinct responses to ATP SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LARGE TUMOR-ANTIGEN; DNA-REPLICATION INVITRO; POLYMERASE-ALPHA; BINDING DOMAIN; SV40 ORIGIN; HYDROPHOBIC REGION; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; HELICASE ACTIVITY; VIRAL ORIGIN; PROTEIN-A AB Simian virus 10 (SV40) DNA replication requires the coordinated action of multiple biochemical activities intrinsic to the virus-encoded large tumor antigen (T antigen), We report the preliminary biochemical characterization of the T antigens encoded by three SV40 mutants, 5030, 5031, and 5061, each of which have altered residues within or near the ATP binding pocket, All three mutants are defective for viral DNA replication in cultured cell lines, However, while 5030 and 5031 can be complemented in vivo by providing a wild-type T antigen in trans, 5061 exhibits a strong trans-dominant-negative phenotype. In order to determine the basis for their replication defects and to explore the mechanisms of trans dominance, we purified the T antigens encoded by each of these mutants and examined their activities in vitro, The 5061 T antigen had no measurable ATPase activity and failed to hexamerize in response to ATP, and its affinity for the SV40 origin of DNA replication (ori) DNA was not increased by ATP. In contrast, the 5030 and 5031 T antigens exhibited at least some ATPase activity and both readily formed hexamers in the presence of ATP. These mutants differed in that 5030 was very defective in an ori-dependent unwinding assay while 5031 retained significant activity. Both the 5030 and 5031 T antigens bound to ori-containing DNA, but the binding was less efficient than that of wild-type T antigen and was not affected by the presence of ATP, These results suggest that 5030 and 5031 are defective in some aspect of communication between the ATP binding and DNA binding domains and that the ability of ATP to induce T-antigen hexamerization is distinct from its action to increase the affinity for ori. Finally, all three mutants were defective for the ability to support SV40 DNA replication in vitro. Both the 5031 and 5061 T antigens inhibited wild-type-T-antigen-stimulated replication in vitro, while the 5030 T antigen did not, The fact that the 5031 T antigen was trans dominant in the in vitro assays but not in vivo indicates that the in vitro system does not accurately reflect events occurring in vivo. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT BIOL SCI,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,LAB RETROVIRUS RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA09167, CA40586] NR 61 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 71 IS 10 BP 7549 EP 7559 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA XW142 UT WOS:A1997XW14200049 PM 9311835 ER PT J AU Morris, LA Tabak, ER Gondek, K AF Morris, LA Tabak, ER Gondek, K TI Counseling patients about prescribed medication - 12-year trends SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE doctor-patient communication; pharmacist-patient communication; patient package inserts AB OBJECTlVES. The authors determined patients' report of prescription drug counseling activities after withdrawal of the pilot program to require patient package inserts in 1980 and implementation ol: Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 counseling requirements in 1993. METHODS. Four cross-sectional national telephone surveys were conducted in the fall of 1982, 1984, 1992, and 1994. Telephone households were chosen by random-digit dialing. Subjects had obtained a new prescription for themselves or for a family member at a retail pharmacy during the previous 4 weeks. Verbal counseling rates at physician offices and pharmacies for five information categories and the distribution of written information at those locations were determined. RESULTS. Spontaneous verbal counseling at the physician's office has increased slightly, with the largest increases focused on the delivery of side effect and precautionary information. Slightly larger increases in pharmacy-delivered information regarding directions for use and precautions have occurred. Patient questioning has remained at single digit levels at both sites. The percentage of patients receiving any written information has increased from 5% to 15% at the physician's office and from 16% to 59% at the pharmacy. CONCLUSIONS. The data indicate small increases in verbal counseling but larger increases in the delivery of written information provided at the pharmacy. In light of Healthy People: 2000 goals for patient counseling and legislation encouraging private-sector initiatives these data should help to refocus attention on the continuing need for effective patient education interventions. C1 US HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM,BALTIMORE,MD 21207. RP Morris, LA (reprint author), US FDA,HFD40,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 25 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD OCT PY 1997 VL 35 IS 10 BP 996 EP 1007 DI 10.1097/00005650-199710000-00002 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YA292 UT WOS:A1997YA29200002 PM 9338526 ER PT J AU Nawaz, MS Khan, AA Cerniglia, CE AF Nawaz, MS Khan, AA Cerniglia, CE TI Detection of erythromycin resistant methylase gene by the polymerase chain reaction SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE PCR; erythromycin resistant methylase gene; detection; ermC ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MACROLIDE; LINCOSAMIDES; ANTIBIOTICS; EVOLUTION; STRAINS AB A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was developed that could specifically amplify a 520-bp region of the erythromycin resistant methylase (ermC) gene sequence. The identity of the PCR-amplified 520-bp DNA confirmed by HinCII endonuclease restriction digestion, which produced the predicted 440-bp and 80-bp DNA fragments. A 20-mer (alpha-P-32) oligonucleotide probe specifically hybridized with these amplified products confirming the specificity and reliability of this diagnostic assay. The assay could detect the ermC gene in bacterial suspensions containing as few as 10(3) cells ml(-1). The assay was used to detect the presence of the ermC gene in several Gram-positive bacterial strains identified as Streptococcus sp.; Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp. and Enterococcus sp., isolated from water samples maintained in experimental animal cages and clinical sources. Only bacteria identified as Staphylococcus sp. were resistant to the antibiotic. Although 17 strains of Staphylococcus sp. isolated from clinical samples were resistant to erythromycin, only seven of these isolates tested positive for the presence of the ermC gene. Of these strains, five were identified as coagulase-positive S. aureus and the rest were identified as coagulase-negative S. epidermidis. The erythromycin resistance in all seven ermC positive isolates was constitutive. The entire diagnostic assay, including template preparation, amplification and electrophoresis can be completed within 6 h. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. RP Nawaz, MS (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MICROBIOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD OCT PY 1997 VL 11 IS 5 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1997.0121 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA YE524 UT WOS:A1997YE52400001 PM 9375290 ER PT J AU Aidoo, A Morris, SM Casciano, DA AF Aidoo, A Morris, SM Casciano, DA TI Development and utilization of the rat lymphocyte hprt mutation assay SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE hprt; T-lymphocyte; rat; validation; Mutation spectrum; DNA adduct ID ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; DNA-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; EXPOSED IN-VIVO; MONOFUNCTIONAL ALKYLATING-AGENTS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; RESISTANT MUTANT FREQUENCY; CIRCULATING T-LYMPHOCYTES; NORMAL HUMAN-POPULATION; SOMATIC GENE-MUTATIONS; VITAMIN-C AB Much of the recent progress in the field of genetic toxicology has come from an increased understanding of the molecular and cellular biology of the mammalian organism. Most prominent has been the ability to detect and quantify somatic mutation and relate the nature of the mutation to the specific type of chemical damage. Building upon the foundation of the human lymphocyte hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) system, and later, the mouse hprt system, methods for the detection and quantification of hprt mutations in rat lymphocytes were developed. These methods are described in this report as is the ongoing validation of the assay. Additionally, the characterization of the recovered mutants and a comparison of the mutation spectrum in the rat lymphocyte system to the spectrum in cancer genes, such as H-ras and p53, and the spectrum in transgenic systems, such as IacI, are included. The development of the rat lymphocyte hprt system and validation of the assay at the molecular level, provide an effective and reliable measure of genetic damage in an in vivo system which is readily comparable to measurement of genetic damage in the human. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Aidoo, A (reprint author), US FDA,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV GENET TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 154 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 387 IS 2 BP 69 EP 88 DI 10.1016/S1383-5742(97)00024-0 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA YE180 UT WOS:A1997YE18000001 PM 9372851 ER PT J AU Parsons, BL Heflich, RH AF Parsons, BL Heflich, RH TI Genotypic selection methods for the direct analysis of point mutations SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE genotypic selection; pool screening; mutation detection; sensitivity; point mutation; polymerase chain reaction ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM; AQUATICUS DNA-POLYMERASE; P53 TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; SINGLE-BASE CHANGES; RAS GENE-MUTATIONS; GUANINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE GENE; REPLACEABLE LINEAR POLYACRYLAMIDE AB Genotypic selection enriches a particular DNA sequence relative to another closely-related DNA sequence based only on a change of one or a few bases. This review is a survey of the genotypic selection methods that have the sensitivity to detect rare point mutations, These methods are primarily being used to study mutations caused by environmental mutagens; however, the ability to detect and measure very minor DNA sequence populations is likely to further research efforts in many fields. The approaches for allele-selection have intrinsic strengths and weaknesses, and vary greatly in sensitivity, The most sensitive method is Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism/Polymerase Chain Reaction (RFLP/PCR) by which mutant fractions as low as 1 mutant allele in 10(8) wild-type alleles can be detected. The RFLP/PCR approach is presented as a prototype genotypic selection method. Genotypic selection methods are categorized in terms of those that (1) selectively destroy the abundant or wild-type allele, (2) selectively amplify the rare or mutant allele, or (3) spatially separate the alleles. Issues relevant to the further development of genotypic selection methods include initial DNA pool size, strategies to eliminate the bulk of extraneous DNA, the use of an internal copy number standard in quantitative PCR, the fidelity of thermostable DNA polymerases, and the effective use of PCR in linking two or more genotypic selection techniques. We conclude that proficient genotypic selection requires more than one allele-enrichment technique with at least one of these preceding a high-fidelity PCR amplification step. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Parsons, BL (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, DIV GENET TOXICOL, HFT-120, 3900 NCTR DR, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. NR 187 TC 97 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 EI 1388-2139 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 387 IS 2 BP 97 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S1383-5742(97)00026-4 PG 25 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA YE180 UT WOS:A1997YE18000003 PM 9372853 ER PT J AU Wagner, JA Burd, P AF Wagner, JA Burd, P TI A new role for an old actor SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN GENE-THERAPY C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20852. RP Wagner, JA (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MOL PHARMACOL,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 3 IS 10 BP 1084 EP 1085 DI 10.1038/nm1097-1084 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA XZ287 UT WOS:A1997XZ28700030 PM 9334716 ER PT J AU Porter, JM Krawczyk, CH Carey, RF AF Porter, JM Krawczyk, CH Carey, RF TI In vitro flow testing of glaucoma drainage devices SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REFRACTORY GLAUCOMA; CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE; IMPLANT-SURGERY; MOLTENO AB Objective: The study was intended to determine methods that could evaluate in vitro the flow characteristics of glaucoma drainage devices. Design: Two test methods were used: (1) a gravity-driven flow test and (2) a syringe-pump-driven flow test. Eighteen devices, both valved and nonvalved, from 4 manufacturers were evaluated for their hydrodynamic resistance and the pressure at which the flow becomes 0. Outcome: Results show a wide variation in device performance, indicating a strong need for enhanced quality control procedures in the device manufacturing process. Conclusion: A gravity-driven flow test provides a reasonably quick test of both resistance and closing pressure, which might be useful as a manufacturing line test. The syringe-driven flow test requires more time but provides additional insight into device performance, and, therefore, might be useful as a design validation test. C1 US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 104 IS 10 BP 1701 EP 1707 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA XZ283 UT WOS:A1997XZ28300044 PM 9331212 ER PT J AU Nasr, MM Ross, DL Miller, NC AF Nasr, MM Ross, DL Miller, NC TI Effect of drug load and plate coating on the particle size distribution of a commercial albuterol metered dose inhaler (MDI) determined using the Andersen and Marple-Miller Cascade Impactors SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE albuterol; MDI; particle size; cascade impactors; loading effect; particle bounce ID IMPINGER; SINGLE; BOUNCE AB Purpose. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of drug load, the coating of impactor stages, and the design of cascade impactors on albuterol MDIs particle size distribution measurements. The results of the investigation will be used to explain the ''loading effect'' recently reported. Methods. Particle size distribution parameters of a commercial albuterol MDI were measured using both Andersen (AI) and Marple-Miller (MMI) Cascade Impacters, where plates were either left uncoated or coated with silicone or glycerin. A previously validated HPLC-EC method was used for the assay of albuterol collected by the impactor and in single spray content determinations. Results. Coating impactor collection plates had an impact on measured MMAD and GSD values for single puff measurements but very little or no effect for the multi puff measurements. Due to particle bounce, the percent of albuterol fine particles deposited in the filter and impactor finer stages (<1.10 mu m in AI and <1.25 mu m in MMI) in uncoated single puff experiments was much higher in comparison to either coated single puff or multi-puff (coated and uncoated) measurements. Conclusions. Evaluation of drug load and plate coating are necessary to determine whether observed particle size distributions are representative of the generated aerosol or are the result of particle bounce and reentrainment. In order to minimize particle bounce, especially for. single puff determinations, it may be useful to apply a thin layer of a sticky coating agent to the surfaces of impactor plates. C1 3M CO,PHARMACEUT,INHALAT DRUG DELIVERY,ST PAUL,MN 55144. NEPHELE ENTERPRISES,WHITE BEAR LAKE,MN. RP Nasr, MM (reprint author), US FDA,CDER,DIV TESTING & APPL ANALYT DEV,ST LOUIS,MO 63101, USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0724-8741 J9 PHARMACEUT RES JI Pharm. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1437 EP 1443 DI 10.1023/A:1012180924063 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YD502 UT WOS:A1997YD50200020 PM 9358558 ER PT J AU Pritchard, WF Carey, RF AF Pritchard, WF Carey, RF TI US Food and Drug Administration and regulation of medical devices in radiology SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breast, US; diagnostic radiology; radiology and radiologists, socioeconomic issues; US Food and Drug Administration ID INTRAHEPATIC PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNT AB The recent decision by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to approve one ultrasound imaging system for use in making breast biopsy decisions prompted considerable interest in the radiology community about the regulatory process and the associated implications for the practice of medicine. In this report, the concepts and statutory authority guiding the FDA in the regulation of medical devices are summarized and discussed, including the device classification scheme, premarket approval, premarket notification, and investigational device exemptions. Also, the critical concepts of safety and effectiveness for a given indication for use, the roles of advisory panels, and examples of imaging and interventional devices are described to shed light on the approval process. RP Pritchard, WF (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,OFF SCI & TECHNOL,HFZ 132,12721-A TWINBROOK PKWY,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 205 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XX266 UT WOS:A1997XX26600004 PM 9314955 ER PT J AU Flammang, TJ VonTungeln, LS Kadlubar, FF Fu, PP AF Flammang, TJ VonTungeln, LS Kadlubar, FF Fu, PP TI Neonatal mouse assay for tumorigenicity: Alternative to the chronic rodent bioassay SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEWBORN MICE; GLUTATHIONE DEFICIENCY; CALORIC RESTRICTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; B6C3F1 MICE; ADULT MICE; CARCINOGENICITY; 6-NITROCHRYSENE; DERIVATIVES; METABOLISM AB The chronic rodent bioassay for tumors has been utilized systematically for 25 years to identify chemicals with carcinogenic potential in man. In general, those chemicals exhibiting tumorigenicity at multiple sites in both mice and rats have been regarded as possessing strong carcinogenic potential in humans. In comparison, the value of data collected for those test chemicals exhibiting more sporadic tumorigenicity results (e.g., single species/single sex or dose-independent) has been questioned. As knowledge of the carcinogenic process has increased, several alternative test systems, usually faster and less expensive than the 2-year bioassay, have been suggested for identification of the strongly acting, transspecies carcinogens. The International Conference on Harmonization for Technical Requirements for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use has proposed an international standard that allows for the use of one long-term rodent carcinogenicity study, plus one supplementary study to identify potential human pharmaceutical carcinogens. The neonatal mouse assay for tumorigenicity has been used since 1959; however, relative to other alternate tests, little has been written about this system. It is clear that this assay system successfully identifies transspecies carcinogens from numerous chemical classes, thus recommending itself as a strong candidate for a supplementary study to identify potential human carcinogens. In contrast, there are decidedly less data available from this assay in response to pharmaceuticals shown to exhibit weak and/or conflicting results in the 2-year bioassay, knowledge invaluable to the regulatory process. This paper reviews the historical development and our experience with the neonatal mouse assay and includes suggestions for a standardized protocol and strategies to document its response to ''weak'' and/or ''nongenotoxic'' carcinogens. (C) 1997 Academic Press. RP Flammang, TJ (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 90 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 2 BP 230 EP 240 DI 10.1006/rtph.1997.1125 PG 11 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YH056 UT WOS:A1997YH05600010 PM 9356286 ER PT J AU Zheng, Q AF Zheng, Q TI A unified approach to a class of stochastic carcinogenesis models SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE survival function; hazard function; differential equation ID MULTISTAGE MODEL; TUMOR-INCIDENCE; 2-STAGE MODEL; CANCER; MOOLGAVKAR; PARAMETERS; KNUDSON; VENZON; HAZARD AB Survival and hazard functions play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis modeling. This paper provides a unified approach to computing these two quantities by classifying a large class of carcinogenesis models from a computational point of view, and prescribes specific computational recipes according to this classification. RP Zheng, Q (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV BIOMETRY & RISK ASSESSMENT,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 17 IS 5 BP 617 EP 624 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1997.tb00902.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA YK071 UT WOS:A1997YK07100010 PM 9404051 ER PT J AU Klinman, DM Takeno, M Ichino, M Gu, ML Yamshchikov, G Mor, G Conover, J AF Klinman, DM Takeno, M Ichino, M Gu, ML Yamshchikov, G Mor, G Conover, J TI DNA vaccines: safety and efficacy issues SO SPRINGER SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; B-CELL ACTIVATION; BACTERIAL-DNA; PLASMID DNA; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; INTERFERON-GAMMA; CPG MOTIFS AB DNA technology has been harnessed to produce a variety of plasmid-based vaccines designed to prevent viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. The rapid adoption and implementation of this novel vaccine strategy carries with it important safety and efficacy concerns. This review will focus on whether DNA vaccines (1) are likely to induce systemic or organ-specific autoimmune disease, (2) have the potential to induce tolerance rather than immunity, and (3) are as effective in individuals with depressed immune function as they are in healthy adults. RP Klinman, DM (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIRAL PROD,SECT RETROVIRAL IMMUNOL,BLDG 29A RM 3 D 10 HFM 454,BETHESDA,MD 20014, USA. NR 56 TC 59 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0344-4325 J9 SPRINGER SEMIN IMMUN JI Springer Semin. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 19 IS 2 BP 245 EP 256 DI 10.1007/BF00870272 PG 12 WC Immunology; Pathology SC Immunology; Pathology GA YF450 UT WOS:A1997YF45000010 PM 9406350 ER PT J AU Vostal, JG Mondoro, TH AF Vostal, JG Mondoro, TH TI Liquid cold storage of platelets: A revitalized possible alternative for limiting bacterial contamination of platelet products SO TRANSFUSION MEDICINE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID IN-VITRO; AGGREGATION; ACTIVATION; THROMBIN; 4-DEGREES-C; PROTEINS; 22-DEGREES-C; CYTOSKELETON; TRANSFUSION; FIBRINOGEN RP Vostal, JG (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL,LAB CELLULAR HEMATOL,BLDG 29,RM 323,HFM 335,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 61 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0887-7963 J9 TRANSFUS MED REV JI Transf. Med. Rev. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 286 EP 295 DI 10.1053/tmrv.1997.0110286 PG 10 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YB771 UT WOS:A1997YB77100005 PM 9345710 ER PT J AU JamisDow, CA Katki, AG Collins, JM Klecker, RW AF JamisDow, CA Katki, AG Collins, JM Klecker, RW TI Rifampin and rifabutin and their metabolism by human liver esterases SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID DRUG-INTERACTIONS; IN-VITRO; PHARMACOKINETICS; INDUCTION AB 1. The main metabolites of rifampin and rifabutin in man are their respective 23 deacetylated derivatives, but the enzyme(s) responsible for these biotransformations are not known. 2. In experiments with human liver slices and human liver microsomes, the 25 deacetylated derivatives of these drugs were the main metabolites observed. Slices and microsomes metabolized rifabutin 3-6-fold faster than rifampin, in agreement with their relative clearance in patients. Rifabutin partitioned into slices more avidly than rifampin. 3. In microsomal incubations, deacetylation did not require NADPH, but the amount of metabolite at the end of incubation was affected by NADPH. With NADPH the amount of 25 deacetyl rifabutin decreased, whereas the amount of 25 deacetyl rifampin increased slightly. A panel of liver microsomes from seven donors showed a 3-4-fold difference in the formation of 25 deacetyl rifabutin or 25 deacetyl rifampin, with strong correlation between the production of the two metabolites (r(2)-0.94). 4. The production of 25 deacetyl rifabutin and 25 deacetyl rifampin by human liver microsomes was not significantly affected by 1 mu M 4 chloromercuricbenzoic acid or bis-(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate, but was completely inhibited by 1 mu M paraoxon or 1 mu M diisopropylfluorophosphate. These results indicate that in man rifampin and rifabutin are deacetylated to their main metabolites by B-esterases. C1 US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,LAB CLIN PHARMACOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NR 23 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1015 EP 1024 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YC599 UT WOS:A1997YC59900004 PM 9364739 ER PT J AU Turturro, A Leakey, J Allaben, WT Hart, RW AF Turturro, A Leakey, J Allaben, WT Hart, RW TI Fat (and thin) rats distort results SO NATURE LA English DT Letter ID BODY-WEIGHT; SURVIVAL RP Turturro, A (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 25 PY 1997 VL 389 IS 6649 BP 326 EP 326 DI 10.1038/38590 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XX675 UT WOS:A1997XX67500018 PM 9311767 ER PT J AU LeClerc, JE Cebula, TA AF LeClerc, JE Cebula, TA TI Highly variable mutation rates in commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP LeClerc, JE (reprint author), US FDA,DIV MOL BIOL RES & EVALUAT,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 19 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 5333 BP 1834 EP 1834 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XX298 UT WOS:A1997XX29800051 ER PT J AU Sugarman, J Kaalund, V Kodish, E Marshall, MF Reisner, EG Wilfond, BS Wolpe, PR Hage, ML Kurtzberg, J Olson, J Capron, AM Faden, RR Powers, M Harvath, L Howe, CWS AF Sugarman, J Kaalund, V Kodish, E Marshall, MF Reisner, EG Wilfond, BS Wolpe, PR Hage, ML Kurtzberg, J Olson, J Capron, AM Faden, RR Powers, M Harvath, L Howe, CWS TI Ethical issues in umbilical cord blood banking SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; PLACENTAL BLOOD; TRANSPLANTATION; CHILDREN; DISEASE AB Objective.-Banking umbilical cord blood (UCB) to be used as a source of stem cells for transplantation is associated with a set of ethical issues. An examination of these issues is needed to inform public policy and to raise the awareness of prospective parents, clinicians, and investigators. Participants.-Individuals with expertise in anthropology, blood banking, bone marrow transplantation, ethics, law, obstetrics, pediatrics, and the social sciences were invited to join the Working Group on Ethical Issues in Umbilical Cord Blood Banking. Evidence.-Members were assigned topics to present to the Working Group. Following independent reviews, background materials were sent to the Working Group. Consensus Process.-Individual presentations of topics at a 2-day meeting were followed by extensive group discussions in which consensus emerged. A writing committee then drafted a document that was circulated to the entire Working Group. After 3 rounds of comments over several months, all but 1 member of the Working Group agreed with the presentation of our conclusions. Conclusions.-(1) Umbilical cord blood technology is promising although it has several investigational aspects; (2) during this investigational phase, secure linkage should be maintained of stored UCB to the identity of the donor; (3) UCB banking for autologous use is associated with even greater uncertainty than banking for allogeneic use; (4) marketing practices for UCB banking in the private sector need close attention; (5) more data are needed to ensure that recruitment for banking and use of UCB are equitable; and (6) the process of obtaining informed consent for collection of UCB should begin before labor and delivery. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA, AFRICAN & AFROAMER STUDIES, CHAPEL HILL, NC USA. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV, SCH MED, CTR BIOMED ETH, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA. MED UNIV S CAROLINA, PROGRAM BIOETH, CHARLESTON, SC 29425 USA. UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT PEDIAT, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. UNIV PENN, CTR BIOETH, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. UNIV SO CALIF, LOS ANGELES, CA 90089 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. GEORGETOWN UNIV, WASHINGTON, DC 20057 USA. US FDA, BETHESDA, MD 20014 USA. NATL MARROW DONOR PROGRAM, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. JOHNS HOPKINS SCH PUBL HLTH, BETHESDA, MD USA. PENN STATE UNIV, COLL MED, HERSHEY, PA USA. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED, NEW YORK, NY USA. BAYLOR COLL MED, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. NHLBI, NIH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. AMER RED CROSS, CHARLOTTE, NC USA. RP Sugarman, J (reprint author), DUKE UNIV, MED CTR, DIV GEN INTERNAL MED, CTR HLTH POLICY RES & EDUC, CTR STUDY AGING & HUMAN DEV, DURHAM, NC 27710 USA. RI Wolpe, Paul/A-1032-2007 NR 30 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 17 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 11 BP 938 EP 943 DI 10.1001/jama.278.11.938 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XV640 UT WOS:A1997XV64000034 PM 9302248 ER PT J AU Brinton, LA Brown, SL AF Brinton, LA Brown, SL TI Breast implants and cancer SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Review ID CONNECTIVE-TISSUE DISEASES; SILICONE GEL IMPLANTS; GENETICALLY SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS; AUGMENTATION MAMMAPLASTY; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY; UNITED-STATES; RISK FACTOR; FOLLOW-UP; WOMEN AB Background: Although silicone breast implants have been linked to various short-term complications, less is known about their long-range effects, Most attention has focused on connective tissue disorders, but the range of immunologic disturbances observed in women with implants suggests that consideration also be given to other chronic diseases, including cancer, The greatest attention has focused on breast cancer, given clinical reports suggesting an association and observations that mammographic visualization is deterred by implants, Findings from epidemiologic studies, however, actually suggest that breast cancer risk might be reduced among women with implants, although the biologic mechanism remains undefined, In addition, most studies do not suggest that women with breast implants have more advanced breast cancer at diagnosis or a worse prognosis than those without implants, The majority of studies have focused on women who received implants for cosmetic reasons, with little previous investigation of women who received implants for breast reconstruction following cancer surgery, In terms of other cancers, animal as well as clinical data suggest potential risks of sarcomas and hematologic cancers, including multiple myeloma, The risk of these cancers has not yet been adequately addressed by epidemiologic studies, although several ongoing studies should provide insights, It will be important for studies to consider effects of other lifestyle factors as well as to analyze relationships according to duration of implantation, a demonstrated determinant of implant deterioration, In addition, consideration should be given to type of implant, including implants with polyurethane foam covers, which can leak toluene diamine, a demonstrated carcinogen in animals. C1 US FDA,OFF SURVEILLANCE & BIOMETR,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP Brinton, LA (reprint author), NCI,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,DIV CANC EPIDEMIOL & GENET,EXECUT PLAZA N,RM 443,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 118 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD SEP 17 PY 1997 VL 89 IS 18 BP 1341 EP 1349 DI 10.1093/jnci/89.18.1341 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XW477 UT WOS:A1997XW47700007 PM 9308703 ER PT J AU Rheinstein, PH AF Rheinstein, PH TI Prescription to over-the-counter drug switches SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material RP Rheinstein, PH (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1211 EP 1214 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XX308 UT WOS:A1997XX30800023 PM 9310067 ER PT J AU Khan, AA Wang, RF Nawaz, MS Cerniglia, CE AF Khan, AA Wang, RF Nawaz, MS Cerniglia, CE TI Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding cis-biphenyl dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (bphB) and the expression of an active recombinant His-tagged bphB gene product from a PCB degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas putida OU83 SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cis-biphenyl dihydrodiol dioxygenase; His-tagged protein; polychlorinated biphenyl; nucleotide sequence ID 2,3-DIHYDROXYBIPHENYL 1,2-DIOXYGENASE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; EXTRADIOL DIOXYGENASES; PURIFICATION; DEGRADATION; STRAIN; METABOLISM; ENZYME; ACID; PSEUDOALCALIGENES AB The nucleotide sequence of the bphB gene of Pseudomonas putida strain OU83 was determined. The bphB gene, which encodes cis-biphenyl dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (BDDH), was composed of 834 base pairs with an ATG initiation codon and a TGA termination codon. It can encode a polypeptide of 28.41 kDa, containing 277 amino acids. Promoter-like and ribosome-binding sequences were identified upstream of the bphB gene. The bphB nucleotide sequence was used to produce His-tagged BDDH, in Escherichia coli. The His-tagged BT)DH construction, carrying a single 6xHis tail on the N-terminal portion, was active. The molecular mass of the native enzyme was 128 kDa and on SDS-PAGE analysis the molecular mass was 31 kDa. This enzyme requires NAD(+) for its activity and its optimum pH is 8.5. Nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequence analyses revealed a high degree of homology between the bphB gene from Pseudomonas putida OU83 and the bphB genes from P. cepacia LB400 and P. pseudoalcaligenes KF707. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MICROBIOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 154 IS 2 BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.1016/S0378-1097(97)00348-0 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XX393 UT WOS:A1997XX39300024 PM 9311131 ER PT J AU Yang, YF Zhang, DL Cerniglia, CE AF Yang, YF Zhang, DL Cerniglia, CE TI Purification and characterization of a cytosolic cytochrome P450 from the yeast Trichosporon cutaneum SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cytosolic cytochrome P450; T-cutaneum; protein purification; salicylate hydroxylase ID FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; MONOOXYGENASE; CATABOLISM; GENE AB A soluble cytochrome P450 from the yeast Trichosporon cutaneum was purified to homogeneity, using ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) with DEAE-cellulose and phenyl-Sepharose columns. This procedure resulted in a 45-fold increase in specific activity with an activity yield of 6.8%. One- and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the purified enzyme was homogeneous and had a molecular mass of 45 kDa. The purified enzyme contained a heme group and had a characteristic absorption peak at 448 nm in the reduced carbon monoxide difference spectrum. This enzyme was a monomeric protein and catalyzed the conversion of salicylic acid to catechol in the presence of NADH or NADPH. The N-terminal amino acid sequence indicated that the Trichosporon cutaneum cytochrome P450 did not show homology to most eukaryotic cytochromes P450, but had a high degree of homology to one cytochrome P450, the nitric oxide reductase, of Fusarium oxysporum. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MICROBIOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 154 IS 2 BP 347 EP 353 DI 10.1016/S0378-1097(97)00352-2 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XX393 UT WOS:A1997XX39300028 PM 9311133 ER PT J AU Mills, FC Harindranath, N Mitchell, M Max, EE AF Mills, FC Harindranath, N Mitchell, M Max, EE TI Enhancer complexes located downstream of both human immunoglobulin C alpha genes SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-CHAIN LOCUS; CONSTANT REGION; SHOCK FACTOR; 3' ENHANCER; COMBINATORIAL REGULATION; DEVELOPMENTAL CONTROL; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; 3'ALPHA ENHANCER; GAMMA-GENES; CELL-LINE AB To investigate regulation of human immunoglobulin heavy chain expression, we have cloned DNA downstream from the two human C alpha genes, corresponding to the position in the mouse IgH cluster of a locus control region (LCR) that includes an enhancer which regulates isotype switching. Within 25 kb downstream of both the human immunoglobulin C alpha 1 and C alpha 2 genes we identified several segments of DNA which display B lymphoid-specific DNase I hypersensitivity as well as enhancer activity in transient transfections. The corresponding sequences downstream from each of the two human C alpha genes are nearly identical to each other. These enhancers are also homologous to three regions which lie in similar positions downstream from the murine C alpha gene and form the murine LCR. The strongest enhancers in both mouse and human have been designated HS12. Within a 135-bp core homology region, the human HS12 enhancers are similar to 90% identical to the murine homolog and include several motifs previously demonstrated to be important for function of the murine enhancer; additional segments of high sequence conservation suggest the possibility of previously unrecognized functional motifs. On the other hand, certain functional elements in the murine enhancer, including a B cell-specific activator protein site, do not appear to be conserved in human HS12. The human homologs of the murine enhancers designated HS3 and HS4 show lower overall sequence conservation, but for at least two of the functional motifs in the murine HS4 (a kappa B site and an octamer motif) the human HS4 homologs are exactly conserved. An additional hypersensitivity site between human HS3 and HS12 in each human locus displays no enhancer activity on its own, but includes a region of high sequence conservation with mouse, suggesting the possibility of another novel functional element. RP Mills, FC (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL PROD,LAB CELL & VIRAL REGULAT,BLDG 29A,RM 2B09,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 54 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 186 IS 6 BP 845 EP 858 DI 10.1084/jem.186.6.845 PG 14 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA XX678 UT WOS:A1997XX67800006 PM 9294139 ER PT J AU Zelazowski, P Max, EE Kehry, MR Snapper, CM AF Zelazowski, P Max, EE Kehry, MR Snapper, CM TI Regulation of Ku expression in normal murine B cells by stimuli that promote switch recombination SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; RNA POLYMERASE-II; V(D)J RECOMBINATION; DNA-REPAIR; REARRANGEMENT; BINDING; AUTOANTIGEN; ANTIBODIES; QUANTITIES; ANTIGEN AB DNA-dependent protein kinase, the catalytic subunit associated with the Ku heterodimer (Ku70/Ku86), has been implicated in switch recombination. Therefore, we tested whether certain stimuli known to promote switch recombination may act in part by inducing Ku expression. We find that resting B cells contain relatively low levels of nuclear Ku, but that Ku expression can be up-regulated by culturing the cells with two switch stimuli. First, IL-4 and CD40 engagement in combination, but neither of these stimuli acting alone, strongly induce Ku expression; Ku levels rise within 24 h, about 2 days before switch recombination is detected. Second, dextran-conjugated anti-IgD Abs' strongly induce Ku expression, which is variably enhanced by IL-5, but not by IL-4. Our data suggest that switch recombination may be regulated, at least in part, through changes in the nuclear expression of Ku. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PATHOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM PHARMACEUT INC,RIDGEFIELD,CT 06877. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI32560] NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 159 IS 6 BP 2559 EP 2562 PG 4 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA XV750 UT WOS:A1997XV75000003 PM 9300672 ER PT J AU Lauermann, V Hughes, SH Peden, KWC AF Lauermann, V Hughes, SH Peden, KWC TI Maintenance of an unusual polypurine tract in HIV-2: Stability to passage in culture SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEQUENCE FEATURES IMPORTANT; MURINE LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CIRCLE JUNCTION; RNASE-H; DNA-SYNTHESIS; CIRCULAR DNA; LINEAR DNA AB A stretch of purine residues, the polypurine tract (PPT), is found in all retroviruses and is used to initiate plus-strand DNA synthesis. While the PPT of most lentiviruses is a homogeneous sequence of purine residues, the PPT of some isolates of the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses is interrupted with a single pyrimidine residue. The ROD strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) has such a pyrimidine-containing variant PPT. Virus generated from an infectious molecular clone, pROD10, was used to infect two CD4-positive T-cell lines, H9 and CEM. The sequence of the PPT was determined after two passages. From both cell lines, the variant PPT was retained, demonstrating that the presence of a pyrimidine in the PPT was fully functional and that there was no strong selection for an all-purine PPT. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,ABL BASIC RES PROGRAM,FREDERICK,MD 21702. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,LAB RETROVIRUS RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 236 IS 1 BP 208 EP 212 DI 10.1006/viro.1997.8721 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA XX860 UT WOS:A1997XX86000023 PM 9299633 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI Public health advisory: Limitations, use, and interpretation of assays for supporting clinical diagnosis of Lyme disease SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA, OFF HLTH AFFAIRS, PARKLAWN BLDG, 5600 FISHERS LN, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 10 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 10 BP 805 EP 805 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XU552 UT WOS:A1997XU55200009 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI Course on clinical trials SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA, OFF HLTH AFFAIRS, PARKLAWN BLDG, 5600 FISHERS LN, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 10 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 10 BP 805 EP 805 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XU552 UT WOS:A1997XU55200007 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI Progress in international harmonization of technical requirements for drug approval SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA, OFF HLTH AFFAIRS, PARKLAWN BLDG, 5600 FISHERS LN, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 10 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 10 BP 805 EP 805 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XU552 UT WOS:A1997XU55200008 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI State contracts for enforcement of FDA tobacco regulations SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA, OFF HLTH AFFAIRS, PARKLAWN BLDG, 5600 FISHERS LN, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 10 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 10 BP 805 EP 805 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XU552 UT WOS:A1997XU55200006 ER PT J AU ComoSabetti, K Reagan, S Allaire, S Parrott, K Simonds, CM Hrabowy, S Ritter, B Hall, W Altamirano, J Martin, R Downes, F Jennings, G Barrie, R Dorman, MF Keon, N Kucab, M AlShab, A RobinsonDunn, B Dietrich, S Moshur, L Reese, L Smith, J Wilcox, K Tilden, J Wojtala, G Park, JD Winnett, M Petrilack, L Vasquez, L Jenkins, S Barrett, E Linn, M Woolard, D Hackler, R Martin, H McWilliams, D Rouse, B Willis, S Rullan, J Miller, G Henderson, S Pearson, J Beers, J Davis, R Saunders, D AF ComoSabetti, K Reagan, S Allaire, S Parrott, K Simonds, CM Hrabowy, S Ritter, B Hall, W Altamirano, J Martin, R Downes, F Jennings, G Barrie, R Dorman, MF Keon, N Kucab, M AlShab, A RobinsonDunn, B Dietrich, S Moshur, L Reese, L Smith, J Wilcox, K Tilden, J Wojtala, G Park, JD Winnett, M Petrilack, L Vasquez, L Jenkins, S Barrett, E Linn, M Woolard, D Hackler, R Martin, H McWilliams, D Rouse, B Willis, S Rullan, J Miller, G Henderson, S Pearson, J Beers, J Davis, R Saunders, D TI Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection associated with eating alfalfa sprouts - Michigan and Virginia, June-July 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 741-744, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 INGHAM CTY HLTH DEPT,LANSING,MI. LIVINGSTON CTY HLTH DEPT,HOWELL,MI. WASHTENAW CTY HLTH DEPT,YPSILANTI,MI. KALAMAZOO CTY HLTH DEPT,KALAMAZOO,MI. MIDLAND CTY HLTH DEPT,MIDLAND,MI. MICHIGAN DEPT AGR,LANSING,MI 48909. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,RICHMOND,VA 23298. VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH,RICHMOND,VA 23218. COMMONWEALTH VIRGINIA,DIV CONSOLIDATED LAB SVCS,RICHMOND,VA. VIRGINIA DEPT AGR & CONSUMER SVCS,RICHMOND,VA 23218. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CDC,STATE BRANCH,DIV APPL PUBL HLTH TRAINING,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,DIV PREVENT RES & ANALYT METHODS,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ComoSabetti, K (reprint author), KENT CTY HLTH DEPT,GRAND RAPIDS,MI 49503, USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 10 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 10 BP 809 EP 810 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XU552 UT WOS:A1997XU55200017 ER PT J AU Murata, T Obiri, NI Debinski, W Puri, RK AF Murata, T Obiri, NI Debinski, W Puri, RK TI Structure of IL-13 receptor: Analysis of subunit composition in cancer and immune cells SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE interleukin-13; interleukin-4; cytokine receptor; RT-PCR; immunoprecipitation ID COMMON GAMMA-CHAIN; INTERLEUKIN-4 RECEPTOR; PSEUDOMONAS EXOTOXIN; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CARCINOMA-CELLS; ALPHA CHAIN; B-CELLS; CYTOKINE; COMPONENT; CLONING AB The structure of IL-13 receptor (IL-13R) is currently under investigation. Recently, two different human IL-13R chains, termed here IL-13R alpha and -alpha' have been cloned. We have examined various cancer and normal cell lines for the presence of mRNA for IL-13R alpha and alpha', as well as IL-4R p140 (termed beta chain) and IL-2R gamma(c), chains. In renal cell carcinoma, glioblastoma and ovarian carcinoma (IGROV-1) cell lines, both IL-13R alpha and alpha' chains were expressed (type I IL-13R). In epidermoid, colon, ovarian adenocarcinoma (PA-I) and normal mouse fibroblast (COS7) cell lines, only IL-13R alpha' was expressed (type II IL-13R), In hematopoietic TF-1 and EBV-immortalized normal B cell lines only IL-13R alpha' but not cu chain was expressed along with gamma(c) (type III or type IV IL-13R). IL-13R alpha' chain was faintly detected in human T cells. All cells expressed the IL-4Rp140 beta chain, These data provide a direct support for our model of IL-13R which consists of three different forms composed of different subunits. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 US FDA,LAB MOL TUMOR BIOL,DIV CELLULAR & GENE THERAPIES,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. PENN STATE UNIV,MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR,DEPT SURG,NEUROSURG SECT,HERSHEY,PA 17033. NR 24 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD SEP 8 PY 1997 VL 238 IS 1 BP 90 EP 94 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7248 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA XX890 UT WOS:A1997XX89000019 PM 9299458 ER PT J AU Tortorello, ML AF Tortorello, ML TI An overview of methods for identification of E-coli O157:H7 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,SUMMIT ARGO,IL 60501. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 16 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700016 ER PT J AU Holcomb, M Conte, EC Lansden, JA Miller, DW AF Holcomb, M Conte, EC Lansden, JA Miller, DW TI Partitioning of the benzoylate derivatives of polyamines into acetonitrile after derivatization with benzoyl chloride and analysis by gradient elution HPLC with UV detection. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. WESTERN KENTUCKY UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BOWLING GREEN,KY 42101. US FDA,SE REG LAB,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 25 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700025 ER PT J AU Jennings, HJ Vann, WF AF Jennings, HJ Vann, WF TI Chemo-enzymatic synthesis and structural analysis of polysialic acid. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,DBS,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0R6,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 51 EP CARB PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700517 ER PT J AU Rushing, LG Hansen, EB Billedeau, SM AF Rushing, LG Hansen, EB Billedeau, SM TI Leucomalachite green and leucogentian violet in catfish and trout tissue; A confirmation method: Now you see it, now you don't. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 71 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700327 ER PT J AU Billedeau, SM Nawaz, MS AF Billedeau, SM Nawaz, MS TI GC-FTIR analysis of acrylamide and acrylic acid in microbial extracts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 76 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700332 ER PT J AU Tong, WD Perkins, R Sheehan, DM Welsh, WJ Lowis, DR Goddette, DW AF Tong, WD Perkins, R Sheehan, DM Welsh, WJ Lowis, DR Goddette, DW TI Application of the holographic QSAR (HQSAR) method to predict the biological activity of environmental estrogens. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ROW SCI,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT CHEM,ST LOUIS,MO 63121. TRIPOS INC,ST LOUIS,MO 63144. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 81 EP COMP PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85701280 ER PT J AU Block, E Sha, DY Zhang, X Calvey, E Matusik, J White, K Bird, S Tyson, J Uden, P Denoyer, E AF Block, E Sha, DY Zhang, X Calvey, E Matusik, J White, K Bird, S Tyson, J Uden, P Denoyer, E TI Artifact avoidance in analysis of genus Allium flavorants and flavorant precursors. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY ALBANY,DEPT CHEM,ALBANY,NY 12222. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT CHEM,AMHERST,MA 01003. PERKIN ELMER CORP,NORWALK,CT 06859. RI Block, Eric/D-3989-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 91 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700091 ER PT J AU Gecan, JS AF Gecan, JS TI Methods for the detection of filth, decomposition, and foreign objects in foods. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 97 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700097 ER PT J AU Gecan, JS AF Gecan, JS TI Modifying and developing methods for filth, decomposition, and foreign objects. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 98 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700098 ER PT J AU Sidebottom, TH AF Sidebottom, TH TI Invisible filth A: Roaches and their allies. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,ALAMEDA,CA 95402. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 99 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700099 ER PT J AU Olsen, AR AF Olsen, AR TI Invisible filth B: Disease-carrying flies. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,ALAMEDA,CA 94502. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 100 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700100 ER PT J AU Biles, PV Ziobro, GC AF Biles, PV Ziobro, GC TI Mammalian, avian, and insect metabolic waste identification. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 101 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700101 ER PT J AU Tong, WD Perkins, R Collantes, ER Welsh, WJ Branham, WS Sheehan, DM AF Tong, WD Perkins, R Collantes, ER Welsh, WJ Branham, WS Sheehan, DM TI Quantitative structure-activin relationships (QSARs) for estrogen binding to the estrogen receptor: Predictions across species. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT CHEM,ST LOUIS,MO 63121. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. ROW SCI,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 101 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85701588 ER PT J AU Staruszkiewicz, WF AF Staruszkiewicz, WF TI Chemical methods for the detection of decomposition in fishery products. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 102 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700102 ER PT J AU Tong, WD Perkins, R Chen, Y Shvets, V Xing, L Welsh, WJ Sheehan, DM AF Tong, WD Perkins, R Chen, Y Shvets, V Xing, L Welsh, WJ Sheehan, DM TI QSAR models models for estrogen binding to estrogen receptors alpha and beta. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ROW SCI,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT CHEM,ST LOUIS,MO 63121. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 102 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85701589 ER PT J AU Shaikh, B Rummel, N AF Shaikh, B Rummel, N TI Liquid chromatographic determination of chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide diuretic drugs in bovine milk. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CTR VET MED,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 105 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700217 ER PT J AU Cichowicz, SM AF Cichowicz, SM TI Direct microscopic mold counts and hyphae recognition. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 108 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700108 ER PT J AU Ziobro, GC Cichowicz, SM AF Ziobro, GC Cichowicz, SM TI Use of electronic imaging in filth analysis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 109 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700109 ER PT J AU Olsen, AR Knight, SA AF Olsen, AR Knight, SA TI Macroanalytical procedures manual - Second edition. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,ALAMEDA,CA 94502. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 111 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700111 ER PT J AU Ziobro, GC AF Ziobro, GC TI Where do we go from here: The future of filth research. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 112 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700112 ER PT J AU Klein, DN Flora, KP Anderson, LW Faustino, J Volpe, DA AF Klein, DN Flora, KP Anderson, LW Faustino, J Volpe, DA TI Stability studies of the antineoplastic SarCNU. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 157 EP MEDI PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85702616 ER PT J AU Zhan, DJ Chiu, LH VonTungeln, LS HerrenoSaenz, D Cheng, E Evans, FE Heflich, RH Fu, PP AF Zhan, DJ Chiu, LH VonTungeln, LS HerrenoSaenz, D Cheng, E Evans, FE Heflich, RH Fu, PP TI Characterization of DNA adducts in Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with mutagenic doses of 1- and 3-nitrosobenzo[a]pyrene and the trans-7,8-diol-anti-9,10-epoxides of 1- and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene; 3-nitrosobenzo[a]pyrene; Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell; mutagenicity; DNA adduct ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; 1-NITROBENZOPYRENE; METABOLISM; SENSITIVITY; ACTIVATION; EPOXIDE AB The environmental contaminants 1- and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (1- and 3-nitro-BaP) are mutagens in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with exogenous metabolic activation. Previous studies demonstrated the potent direct-acting mutagenicity of the oxidized metabolites, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (1-NBaPDE) and trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (3-NBaPDE), and the partially nitroreduced metabolites, 1- and 3-nitrosobenzo[a]pyrene (1- and 3-NO-BaP). In this study, we have identified the major adduct formed by incubation of calf thymus DNA with 1-NBaPDE and used this standard in conjunction with other adduct standards to characterize the P-32-postlabeled DNA adducts produced by 1- and 3-nitro-BaP metabolites in CHO cultures. The major adduct from 1-NBaPDE exposure was 10-(deoxyguanosin-N-2-yl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene; from 3-NBaPDE, 10-(deoxyguanosin-N-2-yl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene; from 1-NO-BaP, 6-(deoxyguanosin-N-2-yl)-1-aminobenzo[a]pyrene; and from 3-NO-BaP, 6-(deoxyguanosin-N-2-yl)-3-aminobenzo[a]pyrene. For comparison, the adducts formed by trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene and the related nitroreduced derivative 6-nitrosobenzo[a]pyrene were also examined. The nitrobenzo[a]pyrene DNA adducts described in this study are proposed to be involved in the mutagenicity of 1- and 3-nitro-BaP upon either oxidative or reductive metabolism. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV BIOCHEM TOXICOL,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV GENET TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD SEP 5 PY 1997 VL 379 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00105-X PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA YC145 UT WOS:A1997YC14500005 PM 9330621 ER PT J AU Smith, BA Manjanatha, MG Pogribny, IP Mittelstaedt, RA Chen, T Fullerton, NF Beland, FA Heflich, RH AF Smith, BA Manjanatha, MG Pogribny, IP Mittelstaedt, RA Chen, T Fullerton, NF Beland, FA Heflich, RH TI Analysis of mutations in the K-ras and p53 genes of lung tumors and in the hprt gene of 6-thioguanine-resistant T-lymphocytes from rats treated with 1,6-dinitropyrene SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE 1,6-dinitropyrene; lung tumor; K-ras; p53; hprt; Fischer 344 rat ID ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; DNA ADDUCT FORMATION; IN-VIVO MUTATION; F344 RATS; POINT MUTATIONS; INDUCTION; INVIVO; LOCUS; CELLS; CARCINOGENICITY AB Direct pulmonary instillation of 1,6-dinitropyrene (DNP) into male Fischer 344 rats results in a dose-dependent induction of lung tumors and 6-thioguanine-resistant (TG(r)) T-lymphocytes. The treatment also results in DNP binding to dG in the lung and in T-lymphocytes. In the present study, we have examined the types of mutations associated with these responses to DNP. Sequencing of DNA amplification products from 20 DNP-induced lung tumors identified 5 mutations in K-ras codon 12, 4 GGT --> TGT transversions and one GGT --> GAT transition. No mutations were found in K-ras codons 13 or 61. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of p53 exons 5-8 revealed mobility shifts indicative of mutation in 9 of the 20 tumor samples. Eight of the mutations were substitutions at G:C base pairs, and one was a deletion of a single G:C base pair. DNA from 161 TG(r) lymphocyte colonies cultured from DNP-treated rats was examined for point mutations by amplification of hprt exons 2, 3, and 8, and screening the products for mutant:wild-type heteroduplex formation by denaturing gradient-gel electrophoresis. Only three mutations were found, a G --> T transversion in exon 3, a G --> A transition in exon 8, and a complex mutation consisting of a tandem G --> T transversion and a one base deletion in exon 3. The mutations identified in the DNP-induced lung tumors and TG(r) T-lymphocytes are consistent with the formation of dG-DNA adducts by DNP. The extremely low recovery of point mutations from TG(r) lymphocytes suggests that DNP induces a substantial number of mutations by other mechanisms. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Smith, BA (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD SEP 5 PY 1997 VL 379 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00107-3 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA YC145 UT WOS:A1997YC14500007 PM 9330623 ER PT J AU White, RM AF White, RM TI Liposomal daunorubicin is not recommended in patients with less than advanced HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma SO AIDS LA English DT Letter RP White, RM (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV ONCOL DRUG PROD,HFD-150,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP PY 1997 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1412 EP 1413 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA XU629 UT WOS:A1997XU62900026 PM 9302461 ER PT J AU Andrade, ZA Andrade, SG Sadigursky, M Wenthold, RJ Hilbert, SL Ferrans, VJ AF Andrade, ZA Andrade, SG Sadigursky, M Wenthold, RJ Hilbert, SL Ferrans, VJ TI The indeterminate phase of Chagas' disease: Ultrastructural characterization of cardiac changes in the canine model SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; CELL-DEATH; MYOCARDITIS; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; TISSUE; MICROSCOPY; INFECTION; DAMAGE; HEART; MICE AB The indeterminate phase of Chagas' disease is defined as the prolonged period of clinically silent infection that follows the phase of acute primary infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. The dog is the only experimental animal model in which the indeterminate phase progresses to the late phase of severs, chronic myocarditis. This report describes the cardiac histologic and ultrastructural findings in dogs that survived the acute phase of infection with T. cruzi, becoming clinically and electrocardiographically normal for up to 3.5 years, while maintaining positive serologic test results during this period of time. Most of the myocardium appeared morphologically normal; however, small foci of mild, chronic myocarditis were present, with interstitial edema, mild fibrosis, and infiltration by lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells. No microvascular lesions and no areas of close contact between immune effector cells and endothelial cells or cardiac myocytes were present. These findings were in sharp contrast to those observed in the canine model during the acute infection with T, cruzi. In this model, acute myocyte damage and lesions in the microcirculation, including fibrin microthrombi, were associated with close contacts between immune effector cells and myocytes or endothelial cells. Focally inflamed interstitial tissue showed increased deposition of amorphous and collagenous extracellular matrix as well as evidence of breakdown of collagen. The features of the inflammatory cells in the indeterminate phase of Chagas' disease were interpreted as indicating a self-limited cycle of focal inflammatory changes, with modulation and suppression of cell-mediated immune responses, Thus, we consider the indeterminate phase of Chagas' disease to be a stage of host-parasite equilibrium rather than a process of progressive damage. C1 NHLBI,PATHOL SECT,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,OFF SCI & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. RP Andrade, ZA (reprint author), MINIST SAUDE,FUNDACAO OSWALDO CRUZ,CTR PESQUISAS GONCALO MUNIZ,RUE VALDEMAR FALCAO 121 BROTAS,BR-41945 SALVADOR,BA,BRAZIL. NR 29 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 57 IS 3 BP 328 EP 336 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA XZ010 UT WOS:A1997XZ01000016 PM 9311645 ER PT J AU McKenna, C Klontz, KC AF McKenna, C Klontz, KC TI Systemic allergic reaction following ingestion of undeclared peanut flour in a peanut-sensitive woman SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOOD; CONTAMINATION; ANAPHYLAXIS AB Background: Although peanuts and peanut butter are well recognized as food allergens, few reports describe allergic reactions associated with eating peanut flour. Objective: To describe an allergic reaction that occurred in a peanut-sensitive woman who ate undeclared peanut flour that was part of a flavor ingredient contained in a dry soup mixture, and to estimate the amount of peanut protein the patient ingested. Methods: The patient was interviewed, medical records from her emergency room visit were reviewed, and the manufacturer of the soup mix was investigated to ascertain the proportion of the soup mix constituted by the undeclared peanut flour. Results: Minutes after ingesting the soup, a 33-year-old woman experienced a systemic allergic reaction. She was treated successfully in the emergency room with intravenous fluids, corticosteroids, and diphenhydramine, Investigation of the soup manufacturer revealed that undeclared peanut flour was a component of a flavoring ingredient in the soup. Based on the concentration of peanut flour in the flavoring, we estimated the patient ate approximately 45 mg of peanut protein. Conclusions: inadvertent ingestion of peanut flour by peanut-sensitive individuals may lead to systemic allergic reactions. RP McKenna, C (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 79 IS 3 BP 234 EP 236 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA XW918 UT WOS:A1997XW91800009 PM 9305230 ER PT J AU Kahn, LH Styrt, BA AF Kahn, LH Styrt, BA TI Necrotizing soft tissue infections reported with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Review DE necrotizing fasciitis; varicella; nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs ID A STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS; VARICELLA GANGRENOSA; FASCIITIS; DICLOFENAC; AGENTS; IBUPROFEN; FEATURES; CHILDREN AB BACKGROUND: Recent reports of necrotizing fasciitis in children with varicella who received a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) recall earlier concerns regarding the possibility of relationships between infections and NSAIDs. We searched the Food and Drug Administration's Spontaneous Reporting System (SRS) for necrotizing soft tissue infections reported in conjunction with the use of NSAIDs, to identify common features. METHODS: A computer search of NSAID listings in the adverse event database recovered reports with code for selected infection and necrosis-related diagnostic categories. From review of individual reports classified under these codes, cases were selected if the terms ''necrotizing fasciitis.'' ''necrotic,'' or ''gangrenous'' appeared in the adverse drug reaction description. Demographic, drug use, and disease course information were gathered. FINDINGS: Thirty-three cases were identified, of which 10 were fatal. Over two-thirds of the patients were younger than 40 years. Thirty (91%) had a possible portal of entry for infection. Most received NSAIDs for acute conditions including varicella, trauma, and postoperative or postpartum pain: 7 received an NSAID by intramuscular injection. Specific NSAIDs accounting for most reports were also among those likely to be most heavily used in the relevant populations. INTERPRETATION: Common features of these rare case reports of necrotizing soft tissue infections with NSAID use include characteristics such as age, porta of infection entry, indication for NSAID use, route of administration, and individual NSAIDs. The total number of SRS case does not suggest than necrotizing infection is frequent with NSAIDs or likely without other risk factors. Controlled observational studies would help to define any causal contribution of these factors to the evolution of severe infection. C1 US FDA,OFF EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 69 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1034 EP 1039 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XV781 UT WOS:A1997XV78100014 PM 9296245 ER PT J AU Kelley, CL Rouse, DA Morris, SL AF Kelley, CL Rouse, DA Morris, SL TI Analysis of ahpC gene mutations in isoniazid-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID CATALASE-PEROXIDASE GENE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; KATG; INHA; SENSITIVITY; EXPRESSION AB The ahpC genes of 57 clinical isolates and one in vitro mutant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were evaluated by nucleotide sequence analyses. Although compensatory ahpC promoter mutations were identified in 8 catalase-negative, katG-defective strains, the ahpC genes of 25 catalase-positive, isoniazid-resistant isolates and 25 drug-sensitive strains were not altered. C1 US FDA,CBER,LAB MYCOBACTERIA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 15 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 41 IS 9 BP 2057 EP 2058 PG 2 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XV701 UT WOS:A1997XV70100046 PM 9303417 ER PT J AU Gannot, I Waynant, RW Inberg, A Croitoru, N AF Gannot, I Waynant, RW Inberg, A Croitoru, N TI Broadband flexible waveguides for free-electron laser radiation SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE optical fibers and waveguides; infrared radiation; free-electron laser ID GLASS WAVE-GUIDES; INFRARED RADIATION; OPTICAL FIBERS; HOLLOW FIBERS; TRANSMISSION; BAND AB We refined flexible waveguides previously developed for CO2 and Er:YAG laser radiation to transmit free-electron-laser (FEL) radiation. One can tune this laser over several segments of the radiation spectrum. This laser has a high peak power of as much as 10 MW with pulse energy of as much as 100 mJ. We made the waveguides of either Teflon pr fused-silica tubes internally coated with metal and dielectric layers. We optimised the internal coatings specifications for transmission of various radiation wavelengths in the mid-IF range and enabled transmission of high-peak radiation. We performed experiments in three major FEL sites in the United States over a more than 1-year period when we measured and examined various characteristics of transmission. We used the analysis of these experiments as feedback to further improve these waveguides. The good preliminary results encourage us to invest more effort to further develop these waveguides until a suitable waveguide is obtained for this type of laser and make possible its introduction to the medical field where its characteristics can be exploited in surgical applications. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,FAC ENGN,DEPT PHYS ELECT,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. RP Gannot, I (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ELECTROOPT BRANCH,MAIL STOP HFZ-134,1901 CHAPMAN AVE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 25 BP 6289 EP 6293 DI 10.1364/AO.36.006289 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA XT925 UT WOS:A1997XT92500017 PM 18259480 ER PT J AU Feeney, J AF Feeney, J TI Diaminopyrimidines and severe cutaneous adverse reactions SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP Feeney, J (reprint author), US FDA,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 133 IS 9 BP 1173 EP 1173 DI 10.1001/archderm.133.9.1173 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA XW108 UT WOS:A1997XW10800022 PM 9301603 ER PT J AU Calvo, MS Gundberg, CM Looker, AC AF Calvo, MS Gundberg, CM Looker, AC TI Lack of race/ethnic differences in markers of bone turnover despite differences in bone density. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 40 IS 9 SU S BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA XY634 UT WOS:A1997XY63400064 ER PT J AU Katzper, M Neuner, R Katz, LM AF Katzper, M Neuner, R Katz, LM TI Analysis of trial data using full and reduced joint counts. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CDER,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 40 IS 9 SU S BP 387 EP 387 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA XY634 UT WOS:A1997XY63400386 ER PT J AU Hicks, J Drinkard, B Jain, M Danoff, J Gerber, L Rider, L AF Hicks, J Drinkard, B Jain, M Danoff, J Gerber, L Rider, L TI Aerobic capacity in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) and normal juvenile subjects. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 40 IS 9 SU S BP 657 EP 657 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA XY634 UT WOS:A1997XY63400655 ER PT J AU Ikeda, M Raybourne, RB Yu, DTY AF Ikeda, M Raybourne, RB Yu, DTY TI Expression of HLA-B27 modifies differentiation of monocytes. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095. US FDA,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 40 IS 9 SU S BP 1378 EP 1378 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA XY634 UT WOS:A1997XY63401375 ER PT J AU Klinman, DM AF Klinman, DM TI Immunomodulatory effects of CPG-based oligonucleotides (oligos) patterned after sequences present in bacterial DNA. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 FDA,CTR BIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 40 IS 9 SU S BP 1470 EP 1470 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA XY634 UT WOS:A1997XY63401467 ER PT J AU Brorson, K AF Brorson, K TI The Tree of Life SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Software Review C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD SEP PY 1997 VL 63 IS 9 BP 513 EP 514 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XW125 UT WOS:A1997XW12500017 ER PT J AU Sawyer, LA Wood, D Ferguson, M Crainic, R Beuvery, EC McInnis, J Albrecht, P AF Sawyer, LA Wood, D Ferguson, M Crainic, R Beuvery, EC McInnis, J Albrecht, P TI Potency of wild-type or Sabin trivalent inactivated poliovirus vaccine, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies specific for each antigenic site SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRALIZATION EPITOPES; QUANTITATION; SEROTYPE-1; PARTICLES; STRAINS AB Potency testing of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is hampered by the absence of a standardized in vitro test, as well as the lack of a generally accepted quantitative animal test. In vitro tests must be able to measure selectively the content of the ''D'' antigen in the vaccine which induces virus neutralizing antibodies. We tested 12 poliovirus type 1, 12 type 2 and six type 3, D antigen-specific monoclonal mouse antibodies (mAb) for use in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We characterized the site-specific reactivities of three mAbs, one for each poliovirus type, The reactivity of the complete mAb panel encompassed the important antigenic sites on the virus surface of each of the poliovirus serotypes. Some of the mAbs were cross-reactive between wild-type and Sabin strain IPV. At least one mAb of each poliovirus type that was D antigen-specific and reacted with both wild-type and Sabin IPV was directed against an antigenic site thought to be immunogenic in humans. These reagents may be useful for improved standardization of the ELISA for IPV. (C) 1997 The International Association of Biological Standardization. C1 CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES, DIV VIRAL PROD, LAB PEDIAT DIS, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS, DIV VIROL, POTTERS BAR EN6 3QG, HERTS, ENGLAND. INST PASTEUR, PARIS 15, FRANCE. RIJKSINST VOLKSGEZONDHEID MILIEUHYG, LAB INACTIVATED VIRUS VACCINES, BILTHOVEN, NETHERLANDS. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD SEP PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.1006/biol.1997.0100 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XY418 UT WOS:A1997XY41800005 PM 9324998 ER PT J AU Lewis, AM Egan, W AF Lewis, AM Egan, W TI Workshop on Simian Virus 40 (SV40): a possible human polyomavirus - 27-28th January 1997 - Natcher Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA; LARGE T-ANTIGEN; DNA-SEQUENCES; BRAIN-TUMORS RP Lewis, AM (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,OFF VACCINE RES & REVIEW,BETHESDA,MD, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD SEP PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 355 EP 358 DI 10.1006/biol.1997.0107 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XY418 UT WOS:A1997XY41800012 ER PT J AU Wang, SJ Hung, HMJ AF Wang, SJ Hung, HMJ TI Use of two-stage test statistic in the two-period crossover trials SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE carryover; maximum test; Monte Carlo; significance level ID CLINICAL-TRIAL; DESIGNS; 2-TREATMENT; CARRYOVER AB For two-period crossover trials where the residual carryover can only exist in the presence of treatment effect, Willan (1988, Biometrics 44, 211-218) recommended use of the maximum test statistic that chooses the analysis with the larger test statistic corresponding to the parallel analysis and the crossover analysis. We construct two alternative two-stage test procedures, based on Grizzle's approach, that maintain the actual type I error rate at the desirable level. The power, accuracy, and precision of the analysis based on the modified two-stage procedures are compared to those based on the parallel analysis, crossover analysis, and the maximum test statistic. RP Wang, SJ (reprint author), CDER FDA,DIV BIOMETR 1,HFD-710,ROOM 2034,WOODMONT 2,1451 ROCKVILLE PIKE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD SEP PY 1997 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1081 EP 1091 DI 10.2307/2533565 PG 11 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA XV523 UT WOS:A1997XV52300024 PM 9333341 ER PT J AU Feldman, GM Rosenthal, LA Liu, XW Hayes, MP WynshawBoris, A Leonard, WJ Hennighausen, L Finbloom, DS AF Feldman, GM Rosenthal, LA Liu, XW Hayes, MP WynshawBoris, A Leonard, WJ Hennighausen, L Finbloom, DS TI STAT5A-deficient mice demonstrate a defect in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced proliferation and gene expression SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID DNA-BINDING ACTIVITY; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; GAMMA RECEPTOR; STAT5; ERYTHROPOIETIN; INTERLEUKIN-3; ACTIVATION; INTERFERON; PROLACTIN; PROMOTER AB Responses of cells to cytokines typically involve the activation of a family of latent DNA binding proteins, referred to as signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins, which are critical for the expression of early response genes, Of the seven known STAT proteins, STAT5 (originally called mammary gland factor) has been shown to be activated by several cytokines, such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and IL-5, which are known to play important roles in growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursors. In this report we have used mice that are deficient in STAT5A (one of two homologues of STATS) to study the role of STAT5A in GM-CSF stimulation of cells. When bone marrow-derived macrophages were generated by differentiation with macrophage-CSF (M-CSF), exposure of cells from wild-type mice to GM-CSF resulted in a typical pattern of assembly of DNA binding proteins specific for the gamma activation sequence (GAS) element within the beta-casein promoter. However, in cells from the STAT5A null moose one of the shifted bands was absent, Immunoblotting analysis in the null mice showed that lack of STAT5A protein resulted in no alteration in activation of STAT5B by tyrosine phosphorylation. Proliferation experiments revealed that, when exposed to increasing concentrations of GM-CSF, cells derived from the null mice grew considerably more slowly than cells derived from the wild-type mice. Moreover, expression of GM-CSF-dependent genes, CIS and Al, was markedly inhibited in cells derived from null mice as compared with those of wild-type mice. The decreased expression observed with A1, a bcl-2 like gene, may account in part for the suppression of growth in cells from the null mice. These data suggest that the presence of STAT5A during the GM-CSF-induced assembly of STAT5 dimers is critical for the formation of competent transcription factors that are required for both gene expression and cell proliferation. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CYTOKINE BIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIDDKD,BIOCHEM & METAB LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIH,LAB GENET DIS RES,NATL HUMAN GENOME RES INST,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NHLBI,LAB MOL IMMUNOL,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI Rosenthal, Louis/A-8868-2008 NR 34 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1768 EP 1776 PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XX166 UT WOS:A1997XX16600005 PM 9292509 ER PT J AU Herman, EH Zhang, J Hasinoff, BB Chadwick, DP Clark, JR Ferrans, VJ AF Herman, EH Zhang, J Hasinoff, BB Chadwick, DP Clark, JR Ferrans, VJ TI Comparison of the protective effects against chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and the rates of iron (III) displacement reactions of ICRF-187 and other bisdiketopiperazines SO CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE doxorubicin cardiotoxicity; iron((III)) displacement; bisdiketopiperazines ID SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS; SYRIAN GOLDEN-HAMSTERS; DNA TOPOISOMERASE-II; BIS(2,6-DIOXOPIPERAZINE) DERIVATIVES; HYDROLYSIS; (+)-1,2-BIS(3,5-DIOXOPIPERAZINYL-1-YL)PROPANE; DEXRAZOXANE; COMPLEXES; REDUCTION; TOXICITY AB Histologic and biochemical studies were carried out to compare the protective activity of various bisdiketopiperazines against the cardiac and renal toxicity induced by doxorubicin in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a well-established animal model of this disorder, with: (1) the rates of hydrolysis of these agents to form the iron-chelating derivatives (which are considered to cause a decrease in the formation of reactive oxygen intermediates) and (2) the ability of these derivatives to bind iron. SHR were given 12 weekly injections of doxorubicin. 1 mg/kg i.v, either alone or 30 min after the administration of ICRF-154, ICRF-187. ICRF-192. ICRF-197. ICRF-198. ICRF-239 and ADR-559. Semiquantitative grading of the severity of the resulting cardiac and renal lesions showed that ICRF-187. ICRF-154 and ADR-559 were the most protective, whereas lCRF-197 and ICRF-339 provided intermediate degrees of protection, and ICRF-192 and ICRF-198 were not protective. Quantitative measurements in vitro revealed only relatively small differences in the rates of opening of the two diketopiperazine rings of the various agents to form the corresponding iron-chelating diacid diamide derivatives. and in the ability of these various derivatives to remove iron from the iron-doxorubicin complex. Such differences showed no relationship with cardioprotective activity. Some bisdiketopiperazines (including ICRF-154 and ICRF-187) with cardioprotective activity also are inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase II: however. the significance of this relationship remains uncertain, since ADR-925, the open-ring derivative of ICRF-187, does not inhibit DNA topoisomerase II. C1 UNIV MANITOBA,FAC PHARM,WINNIPEG,MB R3T 2N2,CANADA. NHLBI,PATHOL SECT,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Herman, EH (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV RES & TESTING HFD 910,8301 MUIRKIRK RD,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0344-5704 J9 CANCER CHEMOTH PHARM JI Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 40 IS 5 BP 400 EP 408 DI 10.1007/s002800050677 PG 9 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XQ320 UT WOS:A1997XQ32000005 PM 9272116 ER PT J AU Ghedin, E Zhang, WW Charest, H Sundar, S Kenney, RT Matlashewski, G AF Ghedin, E Zhang, WW Charest, H Sundar, S Kenney, RT Matlashewski, G TI Antibody response against a Leishmania donovani amastigote-stage-specific protein in patients with visceral leishmaniasis SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDIAN KALA-AZAR; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SERODIAGNOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; ANTIGEN; CHAGASI; TROPICA AB The antibody response against an amastigote-specific protein (A2) from Leishmania donovani was investigated. Sera from patients with trypanosomiasis and various forms of leishmaniasis were screened for anti-A2 antibodies, Sera from patients infected only with L. donovani or Leishmania mexicana specifically recognized the A2 recombinant protein, These results were consistent with karyotype analyses which revealed that the A2 gene is conserved in L. donovani and L. mexicana strains. The potential of this antigen in diagnosis was further explored by screening a series of sera obtained from patients in regions of the Sudan and India where L. donovani is endemic, The prevalence of anti-A2 antibodies was determined by Western blotting for all samples. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immunoprecipitation assay were also performed on some of the samples. Anti-A2 antibodies were detected bg ELISA in 82 and 60% of the samples from individuals with active visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) from the Sudan and India, respectively, while the immunoprecipitation assay defected the antibodies in 92% of the samples from India, These data suggest that the A2 protein mag be a useful diagnostic antigen for visceral leishmaniasis. C1 MCGILL UNIV,INST PARASITOL,ST ANNE BELLEVUE,PQ H9X 3V9,CANADA. NIAID,PARASIT DIS LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. BANARAS HINDU UNIV,INST MED SCI,VARANASI 221005,UTTAR PRADESH,INDIA. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 23 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 4 IS 5 BP 530 EP 535 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XU923 UT WOS:A1997XU92300007 PM 9302200 ER PT J AU Rafii, F Sutherland, JB Hansen, EB Cerniglia, CE AF Rafii, F Sutherland, JB Hansen, EB Cerniglia, CE TI Reduction of nitrazepam by Clostridium leptum, a nitroreductase-producing bacterium isolated from the human intestinal tract. SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Meeting of the Anaerobe-Society-of-the-Americas CY JUL 19-21, 1996 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Anaerobe Soc Amer ID RATS; MICE C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV CHEM,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP Rafii, F (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MICROBIOL,HFT 252,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 25 SU 2 BP S121 EP S122 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XX136 UT WOS:A1997XX13600011 PM 9310649 ER PT J AU Tong, WD Perkins, R Xing, L Welsh, WJ Sheehan, DM AF Tong, WD Perkins, R Xing, L Welsh, WJ Sheehan, DM TI QSAR models for binding of estrogenic compounds to estrogen receptor alpha and beta subtypes SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION AB We have developed Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models based on Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) for 31 estrogenic chemicals whose relative binding affinity (RBA) is available for both ER-alpha and ER-beta. The models demonstrated a significant correlation (r(2)>0.95) between the CoMFA-calculated steric/electrostatic fields and corresponding RBA data and a good predictive capability (q(2)>0.6) based on cross-validation. The CoMFA models and contour plots obtained for ER-alpha and ER-beta suggest a close similarity between the receptors in terms of mode of binding and provide a rational basis for ligand selectivity. C1 UNIV MISSOURI, DEPT CHEM, ST LOUIS, MO 63121 USA. US FDA, NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. RP Tong, WD (reprint author), ROW SCI, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. NR 17 TC 132 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD SEP PY 1997 VL 138 IS 9 BP 4022 EP 4025 DI 10.1210/en.138.9.4022 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XR907 UT WOS:A1997XR90700059 PM 9275094 ER PT J AU Dhawan, S Singh, S Aggarwal, BB AF Dhawan, S Singh, S Aggarwal, BB TI Induction of endothelial cell surface molecules by tumor necrosis factor is blocked by protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors: role of the nuclear transcription factor NF-chi B SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tumor necrosis factor; adhesion molecule; NF-kappa B; endothelial cell; phosphatase ID FACTOR-KAPPA-B; INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; E-SELECTIN EXPRESSION; CYTOKINE INDUCTION; GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; HUMAN MONOCYTES; ACTIVATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; VCAM-1; PROMOTER AB Recent studies from our laboratory have indicated that protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) inhibitors can down-modulate the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated activation of the nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B in ML-1a, a monocytic cell line (Singh and Aggarwall J. Biol. Chem. 1995: 270: 10631). Since TNF is one of the major inducers of various adhesion molecules in human endothelial cells and their expression is known to require the activation of NF-kappa B, we examined the effect of PTPase inhibitors on the TNF-mediated induction of intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1. vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM)-1. Like ML-1a, human dermal microvessel endothelial cells (MVEC) treated with TNF rapidly activated (within 30 min) NF-kappa B; this effect was completely abolished by co-treatment with phenylarsine oxide (PAO), a specific inhibitor of PTPase. The induction of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and ELAM-1 by TNF in MVEC occurred within 6 h and was also completely down-regulated by PAO in a dose-dependent manner. PAO was found to be effective even when added 3 h after TNF, suggesting a rapid mode of action of this inhibitor. Besides PAO, other inhibitors of PTPase, including pervanadate and diamide, also blocked TNF-dependent NF-kappa B activation and induction of all the three adhesion proteins. Consistent with these results, the attachment of monocytes to MVEC was also blocked by the PTPase inhibitors. Thus. overall, our results demonstrate that a PTPase is in iolved either directly or indirectly in the pathway leading to the induction of endothelial cell adhesion molecules by TNF, Because of their role in cell adhesion, PTPase may provide a novel target of drug development for treatment of inflammation, atherogenesis, and tumor metastasis. C1 UNIV TEXAS,MD ANDERSON CANCER CTR,DEPT MOL ONCOL,CYTOKINE RES SECT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. US FDA,LAB IMMUNOCHEM,DIV TRANSFUS TRANSMITTED DIS,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20014. RI Aggarwal, Bharat/G-3388-2013 NR 45 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 27 IS 9 BP 2172 EP 2179 DI 10.1002/eji.1830270909 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YA324 UT WOS:A1997YA32400008 PM 9341756 ER PT J AU Sprando, RL Collins, TFX Black, TN Rorie, J Ames, MJ ODonnell, M AF Sprando, RL Collins, TFX Black, TN Rorie, J Ames, MJ ODonnell, M TI Testing the potential of sodium fluoride to affect spermatogenesis in the rat SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spermatogenesis; testis; long-term fluoride exposure; male rat; reproductive toxicology ID REPRODUCTIVE-ORGANS; INTRATESTICULAR INJECTION; HUMAN SPERMATOZOA; VAS-DEFERENS; MALE-MICE; TOXICITY; STERILITY; RABBITS; TUBULES; PLASMA AB The potential of sodium fluoride (NaF) to affect spermatogenesis and endocrine function was assessed in P and F-1 generation male rats. Male and female experimental rats received sodium fluoride in their drinking water at one of four concentrations (25, 100, 175, 250 ppm). P generation male and female rats were exposed to sodium fluoride in their drinking water for 10 wk and then males were mated to females within the same treatment groups. Reproductive tissues were collected from P generation male rats after approximately 14 wk of treatment. Pregnant females (P) were exposed to sodium fluoride via their drinking water through gestation and lactation. F-1 generation weanling male rats remained within the same treatment groups as their parents. F-1 generation male rats were exposed to sodium fluoride in their drinking water for 14 wk, at which time reproductive tissues were collected. Dose-related effects were not observed within the P and F-1 treatment groups in testis weights, prostate/seminal vesicle weights, non-reproductive organ weights, testicular spermatid counts, sperm production per gram of testis per day, sperm production per gram of testis, LH, FSH or serum testosterone concentrations. Histological changes were not observed in testicular tissues from either the P or F-1 generation. We conclude that prolonged exposure to sodium fluoride in drinking water at the doses administered in this study does not adversely affect spermatogenesis or endocrine function in the P and F-1 generation male rats. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Sprando, RL (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY APPL NUTR,DIV TOXICOL RES,8301 MUIRKIRK RD,BELTSVILLE,MD 20708, USA. NR 69 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 35 IS 9 BP 881 EP 890 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(97)88938-7 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA YL021 UT WOS:A1997YL02100003 PM 9409628 ER PT J AU Rafii, F Hall, JD Cerniglia, CE AF Rafii, F Hall, JD Cerniglia, CE TI Mutagenicity of azo dyes used in foods, drugs and cosmetics before and after reduction by Clostridium species from the human intestinal tract SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROSOMAL AZOREDUCTASE ACTIVITY; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; BENZIDINE; BACTERIA; METABOLISM; ACTIVATION; MICROFLORA; RED AB Various azo dyes currently approved by the US FDA for use in foods, drugs and cosmetics are reduced by anaerobic bacteria from the human intestinal tract. These bacteria with azoreductase activities include several Clostridium species. Seven of these azo dyes and their reduction products following incubation with a Clostridium sp. were evaluated for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. No mutagenicity was induced in either TA98 or TA100 by any of the seven azo dyes or the reduced metabolites when tested at concentrations as high as 200 mu g/plate, with or without exogenous metabolic activation by rat liver fraction S-9. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Rafii, F (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MICROBIOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 29 TC 68 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 35 IS 9 BP 897 EP 901 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(97)00060-4 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA YL021 UT WOS:A1997YL02100005 PM 9409630 ER PT J AU Bolon, B Bucci, TJ Warbritton, AR Chen, JJ Mattison, DR Heindel, JJ AF Bolon, B Bucci, TJ Warbritton, AR Chen, JJ Mattison, DR Heindel, JJ TI Differential follicle counts as a screen for chemically induced ovarian toxicity in mice: Results from continuous breeding bioassays SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SMOKING; REPRODUCTION; DESTRUCTION; STRAINS; FAILURE; OOCYTE; MOUSE; RATS; AGE AB Ovaries from National Toxicology Program Reproductive Assessment by Continuous Breeding (RACB) bioassays were used to directly compare differential ovarian follicle counts and reproductive performance for 15 chemicals, Ovaries of 10 animals per group from 16 studies in CD-1 mice and 1 study each in C3H and C57BL/6 mice were sectioned serially at 6 mu m. Counts of small, growing, and antral follicles were obtained in every 10th section, For all follicle types, younger mice had more follicles than older mice, and CD-1 mice had more follicles than age-matched animals from either inbred strain. The in-life portion of the RACB protocols demonstrated that 9 of 15 chemicals altered reproductive outcome in one or both sexes of mice, with six agents affecting females (R. E. Morrissey et al., 1989, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 13, 747-777), Three of six female toxicants [2,2-bis(boromoethyl)-1,3-propanediol, BPD; ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, EGME; methoxyacetic acid, MAA] significantly decreased counts of small and/or growing follicles by 33 to 92% in CD-1 mice; EGME also reduced follicle counts in the other strains. Follicle counts were decreased in progeny of animals treated with EGME or its active metabolite, MAA. For BPD, reductions in follicle numbers were proportional to dose. In CD-1 mice, female toxicants di-N-hexyl phthalate, propantheline bromide, and tricresyl phosphate reduced reproductive performance but not follicle numbers. Counts were not affected by toxicants for which the susceptible sex could not be determined (bisphenol A, ethylene glycol, oxalic acid). Altered follicle counts without apparent reproductive impairment occurred in CD-1 mice at lower doses of BPD but were not observed for nontoxic chemicals. These data suggest that differential follicle counts (1) are a quantifiable endpoint of ovarian injury in conventional bioassays, and (2) in some instances, may provide a more sensitive indicator of female reproductive toxicity than fertility. (C) 1997 Society of Toxicology. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, PATHOL ASSOCIATES INT, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, RISK ASSESSMENT DIV, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. NIEHS, NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM, DEV & REPROD TOXICOL GRP, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. RI Mattison, Donald/C-2015-2009; Mattison, Donald/L-4661-2013 OI Mattison, Donald/0000-0001-5623-0874 FU PHS HHS [224-85-005] NR 36 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1006/faat.1997.2338 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA YA718 UT WOS:A1997YA71800001 PM 9325022 ER PT J AU Gaylor, DW AF Gaylor, DW TI Some current procedures and issues in cancer risk assessment SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article ID CELL-PROLIFERATION; TOXIC-SUBSTANCES; CARCINOGENESIS; EXTRAPOLATION; EXPOSURE; CURVES; MODELS; RATES RP Gaylor, DW (reprint author), US FDA, NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, 3900 NCTR RD, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 EI 1549-7860 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 3 IS 4 BP 513 EP 519 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YB721 UT WOS:A1997YB72100006 ER PT J AU Schurmann, D Nightingale, SD Bergmann, F Ruf, B AF Schurmann, D Nightingale, SD Bergmann, F Ruf, B TI Tuberculosis and HIV infection: A review SO INFECTION LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; NEW-YORK-CITY; ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS; LYMPHOCYTES-T; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; PREVENTIVE THERAPY; CLINICAL-FEATURES; AIDS PATIENTS C1 STADT KLINIKUM ST GEORG,KLIN INNERE MED INFEKT & TROPENMED 2,D-04129 LEIPZIG,GERMANY. HUMBOLDT UNIV BERLIN,KLINIKUM RUDOLF VIRCHOW,MED INFEKTIOL KLIN 2,BERLIN,GERMANY. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 95 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU MMW MEDIZIN VERLAG GMBH PI MUNICH PA MUNCHEN, SUBSCRIPTION DEPT, D-81664 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0300-8126 J9 INFECTION JI Infection PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 25 IS 5 BP 274 EP 280 DI 10.1007/BF01720396 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA XZ663 UT WOS:A1997XZ66300003 PM 9334861 ER PT J AU Biles, JE McNeal, TP Begley, TH Hollifield, HC AF Biles, JE McNeal, TP Begley, TH Hollifield, HC TI Determination of bisphenol-A in reusable polycarbonate food-contact plastics and migration to food-simulating liquids SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bisphenol-A; polycarbonate; migration; baby bottles; hydrolysis AB Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a principal reactant in the preparation of polycarbonate (PC) plastics and has been shown in in vitro cell proliferation studies to exhibit estrogen-like characteristics. Reusable baby bottles, water carboys, and other housewares are often made of PC. A high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) protocol was used to determine residual BPA in PC and BPA migrated to food simulants in contact with PC under controlled time/temperature conditions. Confirmation of BPA was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (CC-MS). Residual amounts of BPA found in PC food contact articles ranged from 7 to 58 mu g/g. In migration tests the plastic was exposed to water, ethanol/water mixtures, and Miglyol (a food oil simulant) in sealed vials at a constant temperature of 65 degrees C, for up to 10 days. BPA in food simulants ranged from 13 to 368% of BPA available to migrate from the polymer. CC-MS methods were applied to the analysis of water stored in reusable PC 5-gal water carboys. The amount of BPA found in the water ranged from ND to 5 ppb. RP Biles, JE (reprint author), US FDA, OFF PREMARKET APPROVAL, HFS-248, 200 C ST SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20204 USA. NR 10 TC 192 Z9 198 U1 9 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 45 IS 9 BP 3541 EP 3544 DI 10.1021/jf970072i PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XX119 UT WOS:A1997XX11900033 ER PT J AU Farinas, E Honig, P AF Farinas, E Honig, P TI Upper gastrointestinal obstruction associated with claritin-D 24 hour extended release tablets SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV PULM DRUG PROD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV PHARMACOVIGILANCE & EPIDEMIOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 100 IS 3 BP 427 EP 428 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(97)70260-4 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA XX479 UT WOS:A1997XX47900024 PM 9314359 ER PT J AU Scott, PM Trucksess, MW AF Scott, PM Trucksess, MW TI Application of immunoaffinity columns to mycotoxin analysis SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; ANTIBODY AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; AFLATOXIN-ALBUMIN ADDUCTS; OCHRATOXIN-A; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; POSTCOLUMN DERIVATIZATION; UNITED-KINGDOM; FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENT; SAMPLE PRETREATMENT AB Immunoaffinity columns (IACs) are widely used for cleanup and isolation of mycotoxins extracted from foods and biological fluids, particularly aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and fumonisins, The columns are prepared by binding antibodies specific for a given mycotoxin to a specially activated solid-phase support and packing the support suspended in aqueous buffer solution into a cartridge, The mycotoxin in the extract or fluid binds to the antibody, impurities are removed with water or aqueous solution, and then the mycotoxin is desorbed with a miscible solvent such as methanol, Further separation can be performed with IAC, followed by liquid chromatographic (LC) quantitation, either off-line or on-line in an automated system, or by fluorometry, IACs have been used by laboratories that developed the antibodies but are also available commercially for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol. Among commercial IACs, Aflatest P is used as the cleanup step in an LC method and in a solution fluorometry method for corn, peanuts, and peanut butter that was adopted as an AOAC INTERNATIONAL Official Method after evaluation by an international collaborative study, As part of a fluorometer-based test kit, aflatest P was further certified by the AOAC Research Institute to measure total aflatoxins in 10 grains and grain products. IACs can concentrate the analyte from a large amount of sample, allowing detection limits at low parts-per-trillion levels in some cases (e.g., for aflatoxin M-1 and ochratoxin A in liquid food matrixes), Regeneration of IACs for reuse in aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, fumonisin, and zearalenone analyses has been investigated. C1 US FDA, CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20204 USA. RP Scott, PM (reprint author), HLTH CANADA, HLTH PROTECT BRANCH, FOOD RES DIV, SIR FREDERICK G BANTING RES CTR, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0L2, CANADA. NR 104 TC 153 Z9 160 U1 2 U2 17 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 80 IS 5 BP 941 EP 949 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XY208 UT WOS:A1997XY20800006 PM 9325571 ER PT J AU Cutting, JH Hurlbut, JA Sofos, JN AF Cutting, JH Hurlbut, JA Sofos, JN TI Quantitation of penicillin G in medicated premix feeds by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTROPHORESIS; SEPARATION AB A micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic (MECC) method far quantitation of penicillin G in medicated premix feeds was compared with the AOAC microbiological cylinder plate method. Feed was extracted according to the AOAC method, enabling comparison of both methods with the same extract. The MECC method detected penicillin G within 20 min, using a 150 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-20 mM sodium berate run buffer and a UV photodiode array detector at 210 nm. Recoveries from 5 replicates of medicated feed containing 117 g penicillin G/kg and then spiked to give a concentration of 176 g/kg were 98.4-108%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.76% for the MECC method, and 102-104% with RSD of 1.06% for the AOAC microbiological cylinder prate method. Using a fi-point calibration curve, the MECC method detected and quantitated penicillin G in medicated premix feeds within 3 h, versus 24 h for the AOAC microbiological cylinder prate method. C1 METROPOLITAN STATE COLL,DEPT CHEM,DENVER,CO 80217. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP Cutting, JH (reprint author), US FDA,DENVER DIST LAB,POB 25087,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 80 IS 5 BP 951 EP 955 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XY208 UT WOS:A1997XY20800007 PM 9325572 ER PT J AU Heller, DN AF Heller, DN TI Determination of pirlimycin residue in milk by liquid chromatographic analysis of the 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate derivative SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID THERMOSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BOVINE-MILK; LIVER AB A procedure to determine pirlimycin residues in bovine milk was developed, Pirlimycin was extracted from milk after protein precipitation and 2 stages of liquid-liquid partitioning, The extract was evaporated to dryness, redissolved in dilute base, and derivatized with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc) to impart a chromophore for ultraviolet (UV) detection, The derivatized extract was analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC), Pirlimycin concentration was calculated from the peak height of the extract by using a linear regression standard curve prepared from a series of derivatized standards, The procedure's performance in the range of the regulatory tolerance (0.4 ppm) was validated by replicate analysis of control, fortified control, and residue-incurred bovine milk, Average recoveries at 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 ppm were 91, 88, and 87%, respectively, and coefficients of Variation were 5, 4, and 1%, respectively, Overall recovery for all samples was 89%, with 4% coefficient of variation, Linear regression analysis of LC/UV results versus results from a previously published LC/mass spectrometric assay gave a slope of 0.95, with a correlation coefficient of 0.98. RP Heller, DN (reprint author), US FDA,CTR VET MED,8401 MUIRKIRK RD,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 80 IS 5 BP 975 EP 981 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XY208 UT WOS:A1997XY20800011 PM 9325575 ER PT J AU Roybal, JE Pfenning, AP Turnipseed, SB Walker, CC Hurlbut, JA AF Roybal, JE Pfenning, AP Turnipseed, SB Walker, CC Hurlbut, JA TI Determination of four fluoroquinolones in milk by liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY METABOLITE CIPROFLOXACIN; ENROFLOXACIN; PHARMACOKINETICS; DIFLOXACIN; RESIDUES; TISSUES; BOVINE; MEAT AB A liquid chromatographic (LC) method with fluorescence detection is presented for the analysis of 4 fluoroquinolones; enrofloxacin (ENRO), ciprofloxacin (CIPRO), sarafloxacin (SARA), and difloxacin (DIFLX) in milk, The procedure consists of extraction of milk with acidified ethanol, isolation and retention on a cation exchange solid-phase extraction column, elution with basic methanol, and LC analysis with fluorescence detection, LC analysis is performed by isocratic elution using an acetonitrile-2% acetic acid (15 + 85) mobile phase and an Inertsil phenyl column with fluorescence detection at excitation and emission wavelengths of 278 and 450 nm, respectively. A target level of 10 ppb for each of the 4 fluoroquinolones has been established for this method, Average recovery from fortified raw milk samples (5-100 ppb each) based on a 5-point standard curve calculation was 70-90%, with relative standard deviations of <15%. RP Roybal, JE (reprint author), US FDA,ANIM DRUGS RES CTR,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25087,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 15 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 80 IS 5 BP 982 EP 987 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XY208 UT WOS:A1997XY20800012 PM 9325576 ER PT J AU Carlson, M Thompson, RD AF Carlson, M Thompson, RD TI Liquid chromatographic determination of safrole in sassafras-derived herbal products SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ISOSAFROLE; HAM AB A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for determining safrole in herbal products derived from sassafras (Sassafras albidum), as well as related compounds such as isosafrole and dihydrosafrole. The procedure involves solvent extraction and isolation of analyte by reversed-phase LC with UV detection at 235 nm. Safrole is resolved from related compounds and other sample constituents including thymol, a component of thyme. A linear concentration range of 0.003-0.200 mg/mL was obtained for safrole, isosafrole, and dihydrosafrole. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were 0.0015 and 0.0051 mu g/mL for safrole, 0.0018 and 0.0061 mu g/mL for isosafrole, and 0.0038 and 0.0125 mu g/mL for dihydrosafrole, respectively. Intraday relative standard deviations (RSDs) for safrole (n = 5) from various samples ranged from 1.30 to 5.39% at analyte levels of 0.01-1.5%. Safrole contents of 26 samples including root bark powder, leaves, oils, tea concentrate, herbal extract tinctures, and herbal powder capsules ranged from 99% purity (<0.3% CD4-containing cells in the CD8(+) population), The presence of HIV-1 provirus in the sorted thymocyte populations was determined by quantitative PCR, A fraction of mature CD3(hi)CD8(+) thymocytes contained HIV-1 proviral DNA, and evidence of viral mRNA transcription in these cells,vas demonstrated by in situ hybridization. In contrast, when uninfected CD3(hi)CD8(+) thymocytes were cocultured with HIV-1-infected CD4(+) thymocytes, no evidence of productive HIV-1 infection was detected, Thus, HIV-1 infection of CD8(+) thymocytes in the SCID-hu mouse does not occur by direct contact with the virus, Rather, cell surface CD4 is required; therefore, precursor cells are the likely primary target of HIV-1 infection in the thymus, During ontogeny, some of these infected cells continue their differentiation into mature CD8(+) SP thymocytes that contain proviral DNA and express viral RNA. C1 YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,BRONX,NY 10461. SAIC,FREDERICK,MD 21702. RP Lee, S (reprint author), US FDA,LAB RETROVIRUS RES,DIV VIRAL PROD,CBER,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 71 IS 9 BP 6671 EP 6676 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA XQ799 UT WOS:A1997XQ79900047 PM 9261389 ER PT J AU Cowan, EP Alexander, RK Daniel, S Kashanchi, F Brady, JN AF Cowan, EP Alexander, RK Daniel, S Kashanchi, F Brady, JN TI Induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha in human neuronal cells by extracellular human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax(1) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; I-ASSOCIATED MYELOPATHY; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CYTOTOXIC LYMPHOCYTES-T; TAX1 PROTEIN; NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE; LYMPHOID-CELLS; NTERA-2 CELLS; MOUSE-BRAIN; SPINAL-CORD AB To examine the role of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) Tax(1) in the development of neurological disease, we studied the effects of extracellular Tax(1) on gene expression in NT2-N cells, postmitotic cells that share morphologic, phenotypic, and functional features with mature human primary neurons, Treatment with soluble HTLV-1 Tax(1) resulted in the induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expression, as detected by reverse-transcribed PCR and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, TNF-alpha induction was completely blocked by clearance,vith anti-Tax(1) monoclonal antibodies, Furthermore, cells treated with either a mock bacterial extract or with lipopolysaccharide produced no detectable TNF-alpha, Synthesis of TNF-alpha in response to soluble Tax(1) occurred in a dose-dependent fashion between 0.25 and 75 nM and peaked within 6 h of treatment, Interestingly, culturing NT2-N cells in the presence of soluble Tax(1) for as little as 5 min was sufficient to result in TNF-alpha production, indicating that the induction of TNF-alpha in NT2-N does not require Tax(1) to be continually present in the culture medium, Treatment of the undifferentiated parental embryonal carcinoma cell line NT2 with soluble Tax(1) did not result in TNF-alpha synthesis, suggesting that differentiation-dependent, neuron-specific factors may be required, These results provide the first experimental evidence that neuronal cells are sensitive to HTLV-1 Tax(1) as an extracellular cytokine, with a potential role in the pathology of HTLV-1-associated/tropical spastic paraparesis. C1 US FDA,DIV TRANSFUS TRANSMITTED DIS,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NATL CANC INST,MOL VIROL LAB,NATL INST HLTH,BETHESDA,MD. NR 42 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 71 IS 9 BP 6982 EP 6989 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA XQ799 UT WOS:A1997XQ79900085 PM 9261427 ER PT J AU Das, A Syin, C Fujioka, H Zheng, H Goldman, N Aikawa, M Kumar, N AF Das, A Syin, C Fujioka, H Zheng, H Goldman, N Aikawa, M Kumar, N TI Molecular characterization and ultrastructural localization of Plasmodium falciparum Hsp 60 SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; malaria; heat shock protein 60; mitochondrion; chaperonin ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN; MALARIA; GENE; PARASITES; SEQUENCE; IMMUNITY; FAMILY; CLONES; SELF AB Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are a group of highly conserved proteins which are widely represented phylogenetically. Genes for members of the Hsp 70, 90 and 60 families have been cloned from the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. In this study, we have cloned and expressed the P. falciparum Hsp 60 (PfHsp60) in E. coli. The sequence analysis identified a previously unknown intron of 257 bp beginning after the nucleotide 142 in the coding sequence. Antisera raised against the recombinant PfHsp60 was employed in immunoprecipitation studies with biosynthetically labelled parasite extracts to investigate regulation of expression of PfHsp60 at various temperatures. In contrast to the three to four fold accumulation of PfHsp60 transcripts in heat shocked parasites (37-40 degrees C), the expression of PfHsp60 was not induced in the blood stages of P. falciparum. On the other hand, the effect of heat induction on PjHsp70 was seen both at the level of specific mRNA and protein. In these studies we also observed co-immunoprecipitation of a number of other cellular proteins suggesting possible interaction with PfHsp60. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated the presence of PfHsp60 in the cytoplasm of all the various stages of the parasite. In addition, immunoelectron microscopic analysis distinctly localized PfHsp60 in the mitochondrion of P. falciparum. This study suggests that different mechanisms are involved in the regulation of expression of various members of the heat shock proteins in the parasite. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT MOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,OFF VACCINE RES & REVIEW,LAB PARASIT BIOL & BIOCHEM,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,INST PATHOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. TOKAI UNIV,INST MED SCI,ISEHARA,KANAGAWA 25911,JAPAN. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 31589, AI-35827] NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 88 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(97)00081-9 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA XR365 UT WOS:A1997XR36500010 PM 9274871 ER PT J AU Hussain, S Lipe, GW Slikker, W Ali, SF AF Hussain, S Lipe, GW Slikker, W Ali, SF TI The effects of chronic exposure of manganese on antioxidant enzymes in different regions of rat brain SO NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE manganese; antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase; glutathione peroxidase ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; CELLS; EXPRESSION; DOPAMINE; CHLORIDE; MN(II); MOUSE; DRUGS AB The present study was designed to investigate if chronic exposure to manganese (Mn) produces an effect on antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) content in different regions of rat brain. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (CD) rats were dosed with 0, 2.5 or 5.0 mg MnCl2/kg, for 3 months (5 days/week). The activity of total superoxide dismutase did not vary significantly in any region of the brain with either 2.5 or 5.0 mg MnCl2/kg. A significant increase of Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity was attained in hippocampus, cerebellum and brain stem. The Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase activity was reduced in all regions of the brain, however, reduction was not statistically significant. No significant effect of Mn on glutathione peroxidase activity was observed in any region of the brain. Glutathione content was significantly reduced in cerebellum, whereas, no change was observed in other brain regions. The results show that chronic exposure to manganese significantly increased the Mn-superoxide dismutase activity in selected brain regions. Therefore, increased Mn-SOD may enhance the antioxidant ability of the brain to reduce oxidative stress. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,NEUROCHEM LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI,DEPT NEUROL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0893-6609 J9 NEUROSCI RES COMMUN JI Neurosci. Res. Commun. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 21 IS 2 BP 135 EP 144 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YB282 UT WOS:A1997YB28200006 ER PT J AU Holson, RR Gazzara, RA Ferguson, SA Ali, SF Laborde, JB Adams, J AF Holson, RR Gazzara, RA Ferguson, SA Ali, SF Laborde, JB Adams, J TI Gestational retinoic acid exposure: A sensitive period for effects on neonatal mortality and cerebellar development SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE retinoids; all-trans retinoic acid; brain development; cerebellum; mortality; lethality ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MATERNAL HYPERVITAMINOSIS-A; VITAMIN-A; XENOPUS-EMBRYOS; ISOTRETINOIN TERATOGENICITY; BEHAVIORAL TERATOLOGY; RATS; MALFORMATIONS; HINDBRAIN; STAGE AB This is the first in a series of studies investigating the developmental stage-specific neurobehavioral effects of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) exposure. Because high doses of this compound are known to be lethal to the developing organism, we first conducted a dose-response study to identify RA doses that produce low enough levels of gestational/postnatal mortality to make a behavioral analysis possible in survivors. Secondarily, at doses found to produce sufficient survivors on PND 28, effects on body and regional brain weights were examined. Finally, at these doses, effects on somatic malformations were evaluated. Four separate exposure periods were analyzed: gestational days (GD) 8 through 10, 11 through 13, 14 through 16, or postnatal days (PND) 3 through 5. In the postnatal exposure period rat pups were injected (SC) with three consecutive daily doses of 0, 5, 1O, or 20 mg/kg RA on PND 3 through 5. This postnatal exposure had no detectable effect on survival, body or brain weight. In contrast, there was a marked sensitivity to RA in the GD 11-13 group. Many pups from dams given 10 mg/kg RA PO on GD 11-13 were found dead in the cage on the day of birth, and all surviving pups died within 4 days of birth. Examination of milkbands revealed no evidence of effective suckling in these short-term survivors. The same 10 mg/kg dose at GD 8-10 or GD 14-16 produced much lower mortality and pups appeared to suckle normally. To produce adequate PND 28 survival in the GD 11-13 group, it was necessary to reduce dosage to 2.5 mg/kg daily. Even this lower exposure produced effects on PND 28 body and brain weight, significantly lowering weights of body (84% of control), whole brain (94%), and cerebellum (90%). Cerebellar weight was also depressed as percent of whole brain weight, suggesting an effect focused specifically on this region. RA at 10 or 12.5 mg/kg over GD 14-16 also reduced cerebellar weight (92% and 91% of control, respectively). Thus, exposure on GD 14-16 had effects similar to those seen at GD 11-13, but only at considerably higher doses. In contrast, exposure to RA on GD 8-10 did not affect whole body or brain weight, and of eight brain regions examined, only brain stem weight was reduced (91% of control). The GD 8-10 exposure also differed substantially from later exposures in that it was the only treatment to produce substantial malformations, including exencephaly, eye and skeletal defects. We conclude that gestational exposure to RA produces lethality and regional brain stunting that is dose and developmental stage specific, with a pronounced sensitive period on GD 11-13. In contrast, the GD 8-10 period is most sensitive for production of malformations, albeit at somewhat higher doses. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT PSYCHOL,BOSTON,MA 02125. RP Holson, RR (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 66 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 19 IS 5 BP 335 EP 346 DI 10.1016/S0892-0362(97)00039-1 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA XV827 UT WOS:A1997XV82700001 PM 9380000 ER PT J AU Holson, RR Gazzara, RA Ferguson, SA Adams, J AF Holson, RR Gazzara, RA Ferguson, SA Adams, J TI A behavioral and neuroanatomical investigation of the lethality caused by gestational day 11-13 retinoic acid exposure SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE retinoic acid; retinoids; development; mortality; inferior olive; area postrema ID NERVOUS-SYSTEM; HINDBRAIN; RAT; TRANSFORMATION; MIDBRAIN; EMBRYOS AB In a companion article, we report that there is a sensitive period for all-trans retinoic acid (RA) lethality on gestational days (GD) 11-13. When dams were given 10 mg/kg RA daily for 3 consecutive days on GD 11-13, a number of pups were found dead in the home cage on the day of birth, and the remainder inevitably died due to an apparent inability to nurse. Hen we report a set of experiments further investigating these effects. Darns were exposed PO to 10 mg/kg RA or oil vehicle on GD 11-13. Fetuses were removed by Cesarean section on the afternoon of GD 21, culled, and fostered to nontreated dams that had given normal vaginal delivery a day earlier. Maternal behavior was observed for the first 6 h after fostering. The next morning all surviving pups were given a brief behavioral evaluation, including the ability to attach to the nipple of anesthetized foster dams. At the time of C-section. culls were killed and brains were quickly removed and placed in fixative. A series of paraffin-embedded, cresyl-violet-stained serial sections of a representative brain stem from each litter was prepared. RA exposure did not increase fetal mortality. Treated litters were as large as controls, and virtually all treated fetuses were alive in utero. However, unlike controls, some treated fetuses appeared to have difficulty in initiating spontaneous breathing when delivered by C-section, and considerable physical stimulation was required before normal breathing began. As in the previous report, RA-exposed pups did not have milk in their stomachs after 18 h on the foster dam; further, they did not attach to the maternal nipple, and they had greater difficulty than controls in maintaining an upright posture. Examination of serial sections of the medulla indicated that the hypoglossal nucleus appeared grossly normal in the RA-exposed pups. In contrast, the inferior olive and the area postrema were affected by RA exposure. Both nuclei were normally located, but exhibited reduced cell density and/or intensity of staining. In the inferior olive the dorsal and principal nuclei were primarily affected, to the degree that about one quarter of treated brains had no identifiable principal nucleus. We conclude that RA exposure on GD 11-13 causes abnormal development of cell-dense regions of the medial medulla, and these abnormalities may account for the difficulty these animals experience in beginning spontaneous breathing and in nursing. These breathing and nursing problems in turn almost certainly account for the high mortality seen during natural birth and for the subsequent failure to thrive, respectively. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT PSYCHOL,BOSTON,MA 02125. RP Holson, RR (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 19 IS 5 BP 347 EP 353 DI 10.1016/S0892-0362(97)00040-8 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA XV827 UT WOS:A1997XV82700002 PM 9380001 ER PT J AU Holson, RR Gazzara, RA Ferguson, SA Adams, J AF Holson, RR Gazzara, RA Ferguson, SA Adams, J TI Behavioral effects of low-dose gestational day 11-13 retinoic acid exposure SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE retinoids; all-trans retinoic acid; brain; development; cerebellum; behavior; learning; activity ID MATERNAL HYPERVITAMINOSIS-A; VITAMIN-A; RATS; TERATOLOGY; LESIONS; STAGE AB In a companion article we report that maternal PO exposure to 2.5 mg/kg all-trans retinoic acid (RA) daily for 3 consecutive days over gestational days (GD) 11-13 produces a 10% reduction in weight of cerebellum at 4 weeks of age, not accompanied by other malformations. Hen we report the results of a preliminary behavioral analysis of offspring exposed gestationally to RA as above. Exposed dams were allowed to deliver normally, and litters were culled to eight pups (4 +/- 1 of each sex) at birth. Both male and female offspring were tested prior to weaning on GD 21. Thereafter females were killed on postnatal day (PND) 28 for verification of RA effects on regional brain weight, and all subsequent behavioral testing was conducted on males. Preweaning tests were restricted to negative geotaxis (PND 8-9) and open field activity (PND 22). Postweaning tests included open field activity (PND 43), auditory startle response (three times, on PNDs 22, 43, and 84), 2-week activity in residential running wheels (PNDs 62-76), complex maze performance for 5 consecutive days (PND 83-87), emergence latency (PND 106), and assessment of the behavioral response to an amphetamine challenge (PND 107). Males were then killed on PND 108 for verification of RA effects on regional brain weights. In this study, RA reduced weight of cerebellum but not striatum. Cerebellar weight was 92% of control values in PND 28 females, and this weight difference had diminished to 95% of control weight by PND 108 in males. There were no treatment effects on negative geotaxis, activity in a small open field, auditory startle amplitude, or latency to enter an illuminated alley from a dark chamber. Maze learning occurred at levels equal to or slightly better than controls. Running wheel activity was enhanced by RA exposure, whereas activity in response to an amphetamine challenge was reduced by such exposure. We conclude that RA doses low enough to produce mild weight reductions in cerebellum, without attendant malformations, can alter behavior. The precise nature of these alterations remains to be elucidated, but the findings reported here suggest that effects may be more pronounced on activity than on learning. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT PSYCHOL,BOSTON,MA 02125. RP Holson, RR (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 36 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 19 IS 5 BP 355 EP 362 DI 10.1016/S0892-0362(97)00041-X PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA XV827 UT WOS:A1997XV82700003 PM 9380002 ER PT J AU Takamatsu, N Welage, LS Idkaidek, NM Liu, DY Lee, PID Hayashi, Y Rhie, JK Lennernas, H Barnett, JL Shah, VP Lesko, L Amidon, GL AF Takamatsu, N Welage, LS Idkaidek, NM Liu, DY Lee, PID Hayashi, Y Rhie, JK Lennernas, H Barnett, JL Shah, VP Lesko, L Amidon, GL TI Human intestinal permeability of piroxicam, propranolol, phenylalanine, and PEG 400 determined by jejunal perfusion SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE intestinal permeability; drug absorption; piroxicam; propranolol; biopharmaceutic classification scheme ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; HUMAN-PLASMA; PERFORMANCE; ABSORPTION; RAT AB Purpose. To determine the human jejunal permeabilities of compounds utilizing different transport mechanisms using a regional perfusion approach and to establish a standard procedure for determining drug permeability class to be used for the establishment of drug product bioequivalence standards. Methods. Six healthy male volunteers participated in this study. A multi-lumen perfusion tube was inserted orally and positioned in the proximal region of the jejunum. A solution containing piroxicam, phenylalanine, propranolol, PEG 400 and PEG 4000 was perfused through the intestinal segment at a rate of 3.0 ml/min. Perfusate samples were quantitatively collected every 10 minutes for two 100 minute periods with an intermediate wash out period to determine intra and intersubject variation. Results. The mean P-eff (+/-SD) Of piroxicam, phenylalanine, propranolol, and PEG 400 were 10.40 +/- 5.93, 6.67 +/- 3.42, 3.59 +/- 1.60, 0.80 +/- 0.46 x 10(-4) cm/sec, respectively. The coefficient of variation for the intersubject variability, first and second perfusion periods were: piroxicam, 60.5% and 57.1%; phenylalanine, 52.8% and 57.8%: propranolol, 62.1% and 44.6%; and PEG 400, 81.7% and 42.3%, indicating a slightly lower CV for the second perfusion period in the same subject. The intrasubject CV's between the two perfusion periods were: 19.4%, 21.3 %, 23.6% and 41.0% respectively, indicating a smaller intraindividual variation for all compounds studied. Conclusions. Piroxicam, a nonpolar drug exhibited the highest permeability of the compounds studied. The intrasubject CV was lower than the intersubject CV, indicating consistent permeability estimation within subjects. The methodology is useful for permeability estimation regardless of absorption mechanism and can be used to establish a consistent data base of human permeabilities for estimation of human drug absorption and for establishing the biopharmaceutic permeability class of drugs. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,COLL PHARM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. YAMANOUCHI PHARMACEUT CO LTD,SHIZUOKA,JAPAN. JORDAN UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,FAC PHARM,IRBID,JORDAN. BEIJING MED UNIV,BIOPHARMACEUT COMP CTR,BEIJING 100083,PEOPLES R CHINA. JANSSEN RES FDN,TITUSVILLE,NJ. NAGOYA CITY UNIV,NAGOYA,AICHI,JAPAN. US FDA,CBER,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. UPPSALA UNIV,SCH PHARM,UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV GASTROENTEROL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. FU FDA HHS [FD01462]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR00042] NR 24 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0724-8741 J9 PHARMACEUT RES JI Pharm. Res. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1127 EP 1132 DI 10.1023/A:1012134219095 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XY991 UT WOS:A1997XY99100006 PM 9327437 ER PT J AU Dietrich, A Frederick, DL Allen, JD AF Dietrich, A Frederick, DL Allen, JD TI The effects of total and subtotal prefrontal cortex lesions on the timing ability of the rat SO PSYCHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL CLOCK; TEMPORAL MEMORY; FRONTAL-CORTEX; TIME-ESTIMATION; ORGANIZATION; NUCLEUS; METHAMPHETAMINE; PROJECTIONS; HIPPOCAMPAL AB Two peak procedure experiments studied the effects of different prefrontal cortex lesions on temporal discrimination in rats. In Experiment 1, lesions were made to either the medial frontal cortex (including medial precentral, anterior cingulate, prelimbic, and infralimbic cortex) or the ventral frontal cortex (including orbital area and agranular insular area) to determine the contribution of each to time estimation. In Experiment 2, lesions were made to the entire prefrontal cortex (including the medial frontal cortex and the ventral frontal cortex). In both experiments, rats were trained with a 40-sec peak interval and tested for 14 postoperative sessions. In Experiment 1, peak time and response distributions showed timing behavior unaffected by either lesion. In Experiment 2, ablations of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) produced a leftward shift in the temporal discrimination functions, indicating that these animals expected the time of reinforcement to be early Also, these discrimination functions were substantially flattened, which was interpreted as a general decline in timing ability. These results are inconsistent with those of earlier studies. It is concluded that PFC functions as a unit with respect to timing behavior. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Dietrich, A (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,BRAIN RES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC PI AUSTIN PA 1710 FORTVIEW RD, AUSTIN, TX 78704 SN 0889-6313 J9 PSYCHOBIOLOGY JI Psychobiology PD SEP PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 191 EP 201 PG 11 WC Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA YA356 UT WOS:A1997YA35600001 ER PT J AU Headrick, ML Timbo, B Klontz, KC Werner, SB AF Headrick, ML Timbo, B Klontz, KC Werner, SB TI Profile of raw milk consumers in California SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ASSOCIATION; INFECTION AB Objectives. The authors sought to determine the prevalence of raw milk consumption in California-the largest producer of certified raw milk in the United States-and to describe the demographic and behavioral characteristics of raw milk consumers in that state. Methods. The authors analyzed responses to questions on the 1994 California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey that asked respondents about whether they drank raw milk, the amount consumed, the reason for drinking raw milk, and where raw milk was most often obtained. Results. Among 3999 survey respondents, 3.2% reported drinking raw milk in the previous year. Raw milk drinkers were more likely than nondrinkers to be younger than age 40, male, and Hispanic and to have less than a high school education. Conclusions. Raw milk continues to be consumed by some residents of California despite the documented hazards associated with this dietary practice. C1 US FDA,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIS INVEST SECT,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,BERKELEY,CA 94704. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 112 IS 5 BP 418 EP 422 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XW236 UT WOS:A1997XW23600026 PM 9323394 ER PT J AU Bucci, TJ Bolon, B Warbritton, AR Chen, JJ Heindel, JJ AF Bucci, TJ Bolon, B Warbritton, AR Chen, JJ Heindel, JJ TI Influence of sampling on the reproducibility of ovarian follicle counts in mouse toxicity studies SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE follicle; ovary; mouse; reproductive toxicity; female; differential count; power analysis ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; OOCYTE DESTRUCTION; IMPLANTATION; LOCALIZATION; OOGENESIS; SMOKING; RAT AB Different ovarian follicle counting procedures were investigated to reduce labor while retaining statistical power, Intact ovaries of untreated CD-1 mice (20/group) from National Toxicology Program Reproductive Assessment by Continuous Breeding (RACB) studies were serially sectioned at 6 mu m. Mean numbers of small and growing follicles were used to assess sampling efficiency, In 10 mice per group, comparisons were made between 10% nonrandom samples from every 10th section starting at either the first or sixth section having follicles (approximately 40 sections per ovary), These 10% counts were compared with 5% (20 sections) and 20% (80 sections) nonrandom samples and with 1% (4 sections), 5%, or 10% random samples from the same 10 animals, For two studies, a 10% nonrandom sample was analyzed from 20 mice per group, Follicle counts for each group were comparable regardless of the sampling paradigm, Four to 10 animals provided 90% confidence that a 20% difference in mean counts would be detected, The 1% sample had a larger error term and, thus, slightly reduced statistical power, These data suggest that follicle counts from 1% or 5% random samples may provide a suitable screen for ovarian toxicity. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV BIOMETRY & RISK ASSESSMENT,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NIEHS,NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM,DEV & REPROD TOXICOL GRP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP Bucci, TJ (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,PATHOL ASSOCIATES INT,POB 26,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. FU PHS HHS [224-85-005] NR 36 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 11 IS 5 BP 689 EP 696 DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(97)00034-8 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA XW708 UT WOS:A1997XW70800006 PM 9311577 ER PT J AU Hart, R Turturro, A Leakey, J AF Hart, R Turturro, A Leakey, J TI Born again? SO SCIENCES-NEW YORK LA English DT Article RP Hart, R (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0036-861X J9 SCIENCES JI Sci.-New York PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 37 IS 5 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XU153 UT WOS:A1997XU15300020 ER PT J AU Moran, JH Weise, R Schnellmann, RG Freeman, JP Grant, DF AF Moran, JH Weise, R Schnellmann, RG Freeman, JP Grant, DF TI Cytotoxicity of linoleic acid diols to renal proximal tubular cells SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME; LEUKOTOXIN 9,10-EPOXY-12-OCTADECENOATE; BIOSYNTHESIZE LEUKOTOXIN; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; LUNG LAVAGES; BURN TOXIN; DEATH; 10-EPOXY-12-OCTADECENOATE; RAT AB Monoepoxides of linoleic acid (leukotoxin and isoleukotoxin) have been associated with a variety of pathophysiological diseases in humans including multiple organ failure. They also have been shown to be toxic when injected into experimental animals. Because leukotoxin and isoleukotoxin are excellent substrates for epoxide hydrolases, we tested the hypothesis that the diol metabolites are less toxic than the parent monoepoxides using the rabbit renal proximal tubule (RPT) suspension model. An equimolar mixture of the positional isomers of the methyl esters of leukotoxin and isoleukotoxin did not cause cell death to RPT cells at concentrations up to 1 mM using lactate dehydrogenase release as the endpoint. The corresponding diols, however, caused cell death in a time- and concentration-dependent manner beginning at 4 hr and reaching 42% cell death in 6 hr at 1 mM. Cell death was not due to oxidative stress since malondialdehyde content did not increase and the iron chelator deferoxamine and the antioxidant N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine were not cytoprotective. In contrast, cell death was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction with respiration decreasing 54% prior to the onset of cell death. Secondary to the mitochondrial dysfunction, the diols completely inhibited active Na+ transport within 30 min of addition. These results suggest that the in vivo toxicity and pathophysiology previously attributed to the monoepoxides of linoleic acid may be due to the diol metabolites. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, MASS SPECTROMETRY LAB, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. RP UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI, DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL, 4301 W MARKHAM, SLOT 638, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72205 USA. NR 40 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 146 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1006/taap.1997.8197 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA XZ366 UT WOS:A1997XZ36600006 PM 9299596 ER PT J AU Graham, DJ Green, L AF Graham, DJ Green, L TI Further cases of valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP Graham, DJ (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 1 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 28 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 9 BP 635 EP 635 DI 10.1056/NEJM199708283370911 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XT394 UT WOS:A1997XT39400011 PM 9280830 ER PT J AU Tollefson, L AF Tollefson, L TI Food poisoning following consumption of clenbuterol-treated veal in Italy - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID LIVER RP Tollefson, L (reprint author), US FDA,CTR VET MED,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 27 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 8 BP 635 EP 635 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XR547 UT WOS:A1997XR54700030 ER PT J AU Pritchett, R Gossman, C Radke, V Moore, J Busenlehner, E Fischer, K Doerr, K Winkler, C FranklinThomsen, M Fiander, J Crowley, J Peoples, E Bremby, L Southard, J Appleton, L Bowers, D Lipsman, J Callaway, H Lawrence, D Gardner, R Cunanan, B Snaman, R Rullan, J Miller, G Henderson, S Mismas, M York, T Pearson, J Lacey, C Purvis, J Curtis, N Mallet, K Thompson, R Portesi, D Dwyer, DM Fletcher, M Levy, M Lawford, T Sabat, M Kahn, M AF Pritchett, R Gossman, C Radke, V Moore, J Busenlehner, E Fischer, K Doerr, K Winkler, C FranklinThomsen, M Fiander, J Crowley, J Peoples, E Bremby, L Southard, J Appleton, L Bowers, D Lipsman, J Callaway, H Lawrence, D Gardner, R Cunanan, B Snaman, R Rullan, J Miller, G Henderson, S Mismas, M York, T Pearson, J Lacey, C Purvis, J Curtis, N Mallet, K Thompson, R Portesi, D Dwyer, DM Fletcher, M Levy, M Lawford, T Sabat, M Kahn, M TI Outbreak of cyclosporiasis - Northern Virginia, Washington, DC, Baltimore, Maryland, metropolitan area, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 689-691, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 FAIRFAX DEPT HLTH,FAIRFAX,VA. ARLINGTON DEPT HLTH,ARLINGTON,VA. VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH,RICHMOND,VA. COMMONWEALTH VIRGINIA,DIV CONSOLIDATED SERV,RICHMOND,VA. MONGOMERY CTY HLTH DEPT,ROCKVILLE,MD. BALTIMORE CTY DEPT HLTH,TOWSON,MD. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. DIST COLUMBIA DEPT HLTH,WASHINGTON,DC. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,US FDA,OFF REGULATORY AFFAIRS,ATLANTA,GA. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,ATLANTA,GA. RP Pritchett, R (reprint author), ALEXANDRIA DEPT HLTH,ALEXANDRIA,VA, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 20 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 7 BP 538 EP 539 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XQ986 UT WOS:A1997XQ98600009 ER PT J AU Dhawan, S Puri, RK Kumar, A Duplan, H Masson, JM Aggarwal, BB AF Dhawan, S Puri, RK Kumar, A Duplan, H Masson, JM Aggarwal, BB TI Human immunodeficiency virus-1-tat protein induces the cell surface expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human endothelial cells SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; FIBROBLAST GROWTH-FACTOR; TYPE-1 TAT PROTEIN; VIRUS TYPE-1; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; GENE-EXPRESSION; HUMAN MONOCYTES; HIV-1; CYTOKINES; ACTIVATION AB Human vascular endothelial cells (EC) have been implicated in the dissemination of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). HIV-1-tat, a viral gene product essential for HIV replication, has been shown to interact with different cell types, altering their growth and inducing gene expression, In the present report, we have examined the effect of HIV-tat on the expression of various adhesion molecules in human umbilical vein EC, Our results show that treatment of EC with HIV-tat induces the cell surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 in a time-and dose-dependent manner. Cycloheximide abolished the HIV-tat-dependent induction of all the adhesion molecules, indicating that protein synthesis was required for induction. The effect of HIV-tat on expression of adhesion molecules was potentiated by tumor necrosis factor (INF), a well-known inducer of adhesion molecules, Like TNF, HIV-tat also enhanced the adhesion of human promyelomonocytic HL-60 cells to EC, and this effect was abolished by treatment with antibodies either against HIV-tat or adhesion molecules. Our results thus indicate that the HIV-tat protein can activate human vascular EC to induce the expression of various adhesion molecules that may play a role in the extravasation of HIV-infected cells, (C) 1997 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 UNIV TEXAS,MD ANDERSON CANCER CTR,DEPT MOL ONCOL,CYTOKINE RES SECT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV TRANSFUS TRANSMITTED DIS,LAB IMMUNOCHEM,BETHESDA,MD 20014. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CELLULAR & GENE THERAPIES,LAB MOL TUMOR BIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20014. INST NATL SCI APPL,F-31077 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. CNRS,INST PHARMACOL & BIOL STRUCT,TOULOUSE,FRANCE. RI Aggarwal, Bharat/G-3388-2013 NR 42 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1535 EP 1544 PG 10 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XR218 UT WOS:A1997XR21800021 PM 9269771 ER PT J AU Kim, EB Zylstra, GJ Freeman, JP Heinze, TM Deck, J Cerniglia, CE AF Kim, EB Zylstra, GJ Freeman, JP Heinze, TM Deck, J Cerniglia, CE TI Evidence for the role of 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate isomerase in the degradation of anthracene by Sphingomonas yanoikuyae B1 SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; Sphingomonas; anthracene; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ID BIPHENYL; CLEAVAGE; BACTERIA AB Sphingomonas yanoikuyae B1 is extremely versatile in its catabolic ability. An insertional mutant strain, S. yanoikuyae EK504, which is unable to grow on naphthalene due to the loss of 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxyrate isomerase activity, was utilized to investigate the role of this enzyme in the degradation of anthracene by S. yanoikuyae B1. Although EK504 is unable to grow on anthracene, this strain could transform anthracene to some extent. A metabolite in the degradation of anthracene by EK504 was isolated by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and was identified as 6,7-benzocoumarin by UV-visible, gas-chromatographic, HPLC/mass-spectrometric, and H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral techniques. The identification of 6,7-benzocoumarin provides direct chemical and genetic evidence for the involvement of nahD in the degradation of anthracene by S. yanoikuyae B1. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MICROBIOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,COOK COLL,CTR AGR MOL BIOL,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV CHEM,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV BIOCHEM TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 153 IS 2 BP 479 EP 484 DI 10.1016/S0378-1097(97)00292-9 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XR635 UT WOS:A1997XR63500033 PM 9303884 ER PT J AU Wise, CK Cooney, CA Ali, SF Poirier, LA AF Wise, CK Cooney, CA Ali, SF Poirier, LA TI Measuring S-adenosylmethionine in whole blood, red blood cells and cultured cells using a fast preparation method and high-performance liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B LA English DT Article DE S-adenosylmethionine ID ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; DEFICIENCY; ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE; DISEASE; BETAINE; LIVER; RISK AB The physiological methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) plays a key role in the maintenance of human health and in the prevention of disease, A convenient clinical test for blood SAM does not exist, even though blood SAM is increasingly seen as an important indicator of health. We have developed a simple procedure to extract SAM from small amounts of blood or cells. The extracted SAM is then measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This measurement is sensitive, precise and uses as little as 200 mu l of blood or 0.5.10(6) cultured cells per determination. SAM, as tested with this method, under acidic conditions, is stable for hours and can be frozen for later analysis. The method has been used to show that blood SAM varies with species, sex and treatment. We have also measured the SAM levels in cultured cells, and have been able to detect wide variations depending upon treatments administered during the growth of those cells. In conclusion, this is a very rapid and easy method to measure SAR I in biological fluids and cell culture and which could be adapted to the clinical setting. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP Wise, CK (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MOL EPIDEMIOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 19 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 696 IS 1 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00213-2 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA XU890 UT WOS:A1997XU89000018 PM 9300919 ER PT J AU Mann, M Koller, E Murgo, A Malozowski, S Bacsanyi, J Leinung, M AF Mann, M Koller, E Murgo, A Malozowski, S Bacsanyi, J Leinung, M TI Glucocorticoidlike activity of megestrol - A summary of Food and Drug Administration experience and a review of the literature SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID EXOGENOUS ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE; METASTATIC BREAST-CANCER; AIDS-RELATED CACHEXIA; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; CORTISOL RESPONSES; SUPPRESSION; PATIENT; THERAPY; CATS; MPA AB Sporadic single case reports linking glucocorticoidlike activity to megestrol acetate have been reported in the literature. These findings have important implications for patient care, Adverse drug experience reports to the US Food and Drug Administration from 1984 through 1996 and a MEDLINE search of the literature from 1984 through 1996 provided the case reports, Five cases of Cushing syndrome, 12 cases of new-onset diabetes, and 16 cases of adrenal insufficiency were identified in association with megestrol therapy. Twelve cases in which preexisting diabetes was exacerbated and 17 cases of possible adrenal insufficiency were identified, Therapy with megestrol can result in clinical manifestations of glucocorticoidlike activity, including Cushing syndrome, diabetes, and adrenal insufficiency, Clinicians need to be aware of this association as these complications can be life-threatening if not recognized. C1 ALBANY MED COLL, DIV ENDOCRINE & METAB, ALBANY, NY 12208 USA. RP Mann, M (reprint author), US FDA, CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. NR 23 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD AUG 11 PY 1997 VL 157 IS 15 BP 1651 EP 1656 DI 10.1001/archinte.157.15.1651 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XP058 UT WOS:A1997XP05800005 PM 9250225 ER PT J AU Obiri, NI Murata, T Debinski, W Puri, RK AF Obiri, NI Murata, T Debinski, W Puri, RK TI Modulation of interleukin (IL)-13 binding and signaling by the gamma(c) chain of the IL-2 receptor SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CELL CARCINOMA-CELLS; FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT; TRANSDUCTION; ACTIVATION; JAK1; SIMILARITIES AB Interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-4 are cytokine products of T(H)2 cells which exert similar effects in a variety of cell types. We recently described IL-ISR expression on human renal cell and colon carcinoma cells and demonstrated that gamma(c) is not a component of IL-13R, or IL-4R systems in these cells, In lymphoid cells such as B cells and monocytes, which respond to IL-13, gamma(c) is a component of IL-4R but does not appear to be a component of IL-13R, Furthermore, while significant IL-13 binding is observed on carcinoma cells, IL-13 barely binds these lymphoid cells and the binding characteristics are different, To better understand the role of gamma(c) in IL-13 binding and signaling, we have transfected a renal cell carcinoma cell line with gamma(c) and examined IL-13 and IL-4 binding and signaling, IL-13 binding as well as IL-13 and IL-4 signaling through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway were severely inhibited, This inhibition was paralleled by a loss of expression of one of the IL-13R chains and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1. Thus, although gamma(c) has been shown to enhance IL-4 binding and function in some cell types, its influence on IL-13R function in tumor cells appear to be largely negative. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR,COLL MED,DEPT SURG,DIV NEUROSURG,HERSHEY,PA 17033. RP Obiri, NI (reprint author), US FDA,LAB MOL TUMOR BIOL,DIV CELLULAR & GENE THERAPIES,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,NIH,HFM-530,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 33 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 8 PY 1997 VL 272 IS 32 BP 20251 EP 20258 DI 10.1074/jbc.272.32.20251 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA XQ059 UT WOS:A1997XQ05900091 PM 9242704 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI Workshop on thalidomide SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 6 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 5 BP 379 EP 379 DI 10.1001/jama.278.5.379 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XN518 UT WOS:A1997XN51800011 PM 9244318 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI National conference on implementation of the waiver of informed consent in emergency situations SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 1 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 6 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 5 BP 379 EP 379 DI 10.1001/jama.278.5.379 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XN518 UT WOS:A1997XN51800010 PM 9244318 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI Public health advisory on protease inhibitors for HIV treatment SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 6 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 5 BP 379 EP 379 DI 10.1001/jama.278.5.379 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XN518 UT WOS:A1997XN51800009 PM 9244318 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI Health advisory on concomitant fenfluramine and phentermine use SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 6 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 5 BP 379 EP 379 DI 10.1001/jama.278.5.379 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XN518 UT WOS:A1997XN51800008 PM 9244318 ER PT J AU Simon, R Freidlin, B Rubinstein, L Arbuck, SG Collins, J Christian, MC AF Simon, R Freidlin, B Rubinstein, L Arbuck, SG Collins, J Christian, MC TI Accelerated titration designs for phase I clinical trials in oncology SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID CONTINUAL REASSESSMENT METHOD; CANCER; AGENTS; ORDER AB Background: Many cancer patients in phase I clinical trials are treated at doses of chemotherapeutic agents that are below the biologically active level, thus reducing their chances for therapeutic benefit. Current phase I trials often take a long time to complete and provide little information about interpatient variability or cumulative toxicity, Purpose: Our objective mas to develop alternative designs for phase I trials so that fewer patients are treated at subtherapeutic dose levels, trials are of reduced duration, and important information (i.e., cumulative toxicity and maximum tolerated dose) needed to plan phase II trials is obtained. Methods: We fit a stochastic model to data from 20 phase I trials involving the study of nine different drugs. We then simulated new data from the model with the parameters estimated from the actual trials and evaluated the performance of alternative phase I designs on this simulated data. Four designs were evaluated. Design 1 was a conventional design (similar to the commonly used modified Fibonacci method) using cohorts of three to sis patients, with 40% dose-step increments and no intrapatient dose escalation, Designs 2 through 4 included only one patient per cohere until one patient experienced close-limiting toxic effects or two patients experienced grade 2 toxic effects (during their first course of treatment for designs 2 and 3 or during any course of treatment fur design 4). Designs 3 and 4 used 100% dose steps during this initial accelerated phase. After the initial accelerated phase, designs 2 through 4 resorted to standard cohorts of three to six patients, with 40% dose-step increments, Designs 2 through 4 used intrapatient dose escalation if the worst toxicity is grade 0-1 in the previous course for that patient. Results: Only three of the actual trials demonstrated cumulative toxic effects of the chemotherapeutic agents in patients, The average number of patients required for a phase I trial was reduced from 39.9 for design 1 to 24.4, 20.7, and 21.2 for designs 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The average number of patients who would be expected to have grade 0-1 toxicity as their worst toxicity over three cycles of treatment is 23.3 for design 1, but only 7.9, 3.9, and 4.8 for designs 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The average number of patients with grade 3 toxicity as their worst toxicity increases from 5.5 for design 1 to 6.2, 6.8, and 6.2 for designs 2, 3, and 4, respectively, The average number of patients with grade 4 toxicity as their worst toxicity increases from 1.9 for design 1 to 3.0, 4.3, and 3.2 for designs 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Conclusion: Accelerated titration (i.e., rapid intrapatient drug dose escalation) designs appear to effectively reduce the number of patients who are undertreated, speed the completion of phase I trials, and provide a substantial increase in the information obtained. C1 NCI,DIV CANC TREATMENT,CANC THERAPY EVALUAT PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20892. EMMES CORP,POTOMAC,MD. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 18 TC 348 Z9 356 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD AUG 6 PY 1997 VL 89 IS 15 BP 1138 EP 1147 DI 10.1093/jnci/89.15.1138 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XP270 UT WOS:A1997XP27000013 PM 9262252 ER PT J AU Styrt, BA Chaisson, RE Moore, RD AF Styrt, BA Chaisson, RE Moore, RD TI Prior antimicrobials and staphylococcal bacteremia in HIV-infected patients SO AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA DE chemoprophylaxis; rifabutin; Staphylococcus ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; RIFABUTIN PROPHYLAXIS; BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; NEGLECTED PATHOGENS; AUREUS ENDOCARDITIS; DRUG-USERS; AIDS; TUBERCULOSIS; CIPROFLOXACIN AB Objective: Many drugs used for prophylaxis against opportunistic infections in AIDS also have activity against common bacteria. This study was performed to delineate relationships between prior use of antimicrobials and Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Design: To compare prior exposure to selected antimicrobial drugs in patients who had S. aureus bacteremia and in controls who did not, a nested case-control study was conducted within a cohort of HIV-infected persons followed in an outpatient clinic. Methods: Using a computerized database based on HIV clinic records, 48 cases with S. aureus bacteremia were compared against 188 controls selected from patients with CD4 cell counts < 200 x10(6)/l. Information on demographic risk factors and antimicrobial drug use was analysed using conditional logistic regression. Results: Injecting drug use was strongly associated with S. aureus bacteremia. Rifabutin use was associated with decreased risk of S. aureus bacteremia [conditional relative risk (RR) 0.308, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.096-0.991] in univariate analysis, near statistical significance in multivariate analysis (RR 0.314, 95% CI 0.096-1.023). The bacteremias were not significantly associated with use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, quinolones, newer macrolides (azithromycin and clarithromycin), clindamycin or dapsone. Conclusions: Rifabutin may be associated with diminished risk of S. aureus bacteremia incidental to use for other purposes in HIV infection. Further study is needed to assess effects on microbial resistance. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Styrt, BA (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,OFF EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,5600 FISHERS LANE,HFD-530,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. FU AHRQ HHS [R01-HS0780902] NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG PY 1997 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1243 EP 1248 DI 10.1097/00002030-199710000-00007 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA XN075 UT WOS:A1997XN07500007 PM 9256942 ER PT J AU Sagripanti, JL Eklund, CA Trost, PA Jinneman, KC Abeyta, C Kaysner, CA Hill, WE AF Sagripanti, JL Eklund, CA Trost, PA Jinneman, KC Abeyta, C Kaysner, CA Hill, WE TI Comparative sensitivity of 13 species of pathogenic bacteria to seven chemical germicides SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article AB Background: The relative resistance of diverse human bacterial pathogens to commonly used germicidal agents has not been established. Methods: We measured by titration the survival of thirteen different bacteria after exposure to glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, cupric ascorbate, sodium um hypochlorite, or phenol. Results: Our comparative experiments allowed classification of the organisms' survival into four groups: (a) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus showed the most resistance, (b) Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 showed intermediate resistance, (c) Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella sonnei, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus survived some treatments with chemical agents only in the presence of protecting protein (serum albumin), and (d) Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio vulnificus, Bacillus cereus, and Yersinia enterocolitica did not survive any of the treatments applied. Conclusion: We found species that more frequently survived exposure to germicidal agents were also those most commonly reported in association with hospital infections. Our findings suggest that resistance to disinfectants may be more important than pathogenicity in determining the relative prominence of an organism as an agent responsible for nosocomial infections. RP Sagripanti, JL (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,MOL BIOL BRANCH,HFZ 113,DIV LIFE SCI,OFF SCI & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 22 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD AUG PY 1997 VL 25 IS 4 BP 335 EP 339 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(97)90026-2 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA XR045 UT WOS:A1997XR04500008 PM 9276546 ER PT J AU Scariati, PD GrummerStrawn, LM Fein, SB AF Scariati, PD GrummerStrawn, LM Fein, SB TI Water supplementation of infants in the first month of life SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTOXICATION; CONVULSIONS AB Objective: To describe the prevalence of and risk factors associated with regular water supplementation of neonates. Design: Evaluation of data from the Food and Drug Administration's Infant Feeding Practices Study, a panel study of US women of fairly high socioeconomic status who were followed up from late pregnancy through their infants' first year of life. The sample was drawn from a nationally distributed consumer mail panel. Each mother was asked whether she gave her neonate water at least 3 times per week. Participants: a total of 1677 mothers of infants who were neonates in April through November 1993. Main Outcome Measures: Percentages of mothers who gave their neonates water at least 3 times a week, considering infant feeding status, mother's education, and family income. Results: About one fourth (24.7%) of the mothers reported giving their neonates water at least 3 times per week. Stratification by feeding practices and socioeconomic factors revealed that 41.6% of mothers who formula-fed their neonates, 47.4% of mothers with less than a high school education, and 35.4% of mothers with an annual family income las than $22 500 gave their neonates water at least 3 times per week. Conclusions: Water supplementation of neonates was a prevalent practice in this cohort of women. Feeding practices, maternal education, and family income were all significant risk factors associated with this behavior. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. US FDA,OFF SCI ANAL & SUPPORT,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 151 IS 8 BP 830 EP 832 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XQ271 UT WOS:A1997XQ27100013 PM 9265887 ER PT J AU White, WJ SuttonJones, S Medina, C AF White, WJ SuttonJones, S Medina, C TI In-house development and validation of analytical methods standards for biologicals - Technical and regulatory concerns SO BIOPHARM-THE TECHNOLOGY & BUSINESS OF BIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article AB The development of sound analytical methods requires that suitable standards be procured that will act as the reference point for assay control, The authors describe scientific and regulatory considerations behind the choice and characterization of the standard, special considerations involved when developing a protein analytical standard, and a test case demonstrating those considerations. C1 BIOLOG CONSULTANTS INC,E LANSING,MI. MICHIGAN BIOL PROD INST,LANSING,MI. QUINTILES BRI,QUAL SYST DIV,ARLINGTON,VA. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 SN 1040-8304 J9 BIOPHARM-TECHNOL BUS JI Biopharm-Technol. Bus. Biopharm. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 10 IS 8 BP 20 EP & PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XR066 UT WOS:A1997XR06600005 ER PT J AU Mahmood, I AF Mahmood, I TI Prediction of absolute bioavailability for drugs using oral and renal clearance following a single oral dose: A critical view SO BIOPHARMACEUTICS & DRUG DISPOSITION LA English DT Editorial Material DE absolute bioavailability; oral clearance; renal clearance; renal dysfunction ID PHARMACOKINETICS; FAILURE; KINETICS; DISEASE; CIBENZOLINE; FLECAINIDE; IMPAIRMENT; RANITIDINE; TIOPRONIN; ATENOLOL AB In order to determine the absolute bioavailability, both oral and intravenous administrations of a drug are often used. Recently a new method has been proposed to determine absolute bioavailability in the absence of intravenous dose. Following a single oral dose, this method requires oral and renal clearance data from normal subjects and renal failure patients. The bioavailability is calculated from a plot of oral against renal clearance following an oral dose, where the inverse of the slope is equal to absolute bioavailability. This study examines the prediction of absolute bioavailability from the proposed method for eight drugs which have a wide range of oral and renal clearance. From this study, it appears that the proposed method may not be reliable for the prediction of absolute bioavailability and further investigation is needed to test the validity of this method. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RP Mahmood, I (reprint author), US FDA,OFF CLIN PHARMACOL & BIOPHARMACEUT,DIV PHARMACEUT EVALUAT 1,HFD 860,ROOM 4054,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0142-2782 J9 BIOPHARM DRUG DISPOS JI Biopharm. Drug Dispos. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 18 IS 6 BP 465 EP 473 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XQ886 UT WOS:A1997XQ88600001 PM 9267680 ER PT J AU Ambrosone, CB Kadlubar, FF AF Ambrosone, CB Kadlubar, FF TI Formation of a molecular epidemiology group? SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Ambrosone, CB (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MOL EPIDEMIOL,3900 NCTR DR,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 6 IS 8 BP 651 EP 653 PG 3 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XR010 UT WOS:A1997XR01000016 PM 9264281 ER PT J AU Silverman, BG Gross, TP Babish, JD AF Silverman, BG Gross, TP Babish, JD TI Home oxygen therapy in Medicare beneficiaries, 1991 and 1992 SO CHEST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology CY AUG 28, 1996 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE medical devices; Medicare; oxygen therapy AB Study objective: Obtain descriptive data on the use of home oxygen by Medicare beneficiaries and study the impact of certain demographic factors and diagnoses on oxygen use. Methods: A home oxygen user was defined as any Medicare beneficiary with at least one claim for home oxygen in the Health Care Financing Administration National Claims History 5% Physician Supplier Files for 1991 and 1992. Railroad board beneficiaries, health maintenance organization members, and those without continuous part B coverage were excluded. Results: In 1991, there were 21,489 beneficiaries in the sample who received oxygen therapy. In 1992, there were 8,418 new users. Twenty-six percent of new users died in 1992. Factors significantly associated with death included age 76 years or older (relative risk [RR], 1.3), pneumonia (RR, 1.3), lung cancer (RR, 3.8), male gender (RR, 1.2), heart failure (RR, 1.3), and diagnoses suggestive of COPD (RR, 0.45). Seven percent of new users discontinued therapy within 1 month, 28% within 6 months. Liquid oxygen was used by 19% of current and 14% of new users. Factors significantly associated with liquid oxygen use included portable oxygen claims me (odds ratio [OR], 2.4), nonmetropolitan residence (OR, 0.73), and white race (OR, 1.2). Conclusions: Descriptive information on patterns of home oxygen use, including associated; medical conditions, types and duration of therapy, and survival is useful for regulatory purposes. This information supports concerns that current payment policy may discourage suppliers from providing liquid oxygen in underserved areas. C1 US HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM,OFF RES & DEMONSTRAT,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP Silverman, BG (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. OI Silverman, Barbara/0000-0002-0337-4919 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD AUG PY 1997 VL 112 IS 2 BP 380 EP 386 DI 10.1378/chest.112.2.380 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA XQ816 UT WOS:A1997XQ81600017 PM 9266872 ER PT J AU Mahmood, I AF Mahmood, I TI Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of selegiline - An update SO CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS LA English DT Review ID PLATELET MONOAMINE-OXIDASE; MAO-B-INHIBITOR; L-DEPRENYL; PLASMA; BIOAVAILABILITY; METABOLITES; SUBSTRATE; DISEASE; RAT AB Selegiline is a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) at a dose of 10 mg/day and is given to patients with Parkinson's disease as an adjunct to levodopa therapy, By inhibiting MAO-B, selegiline increases the dopamine levels in the substantia nigra. Selegiline also blocks dopamine re-uptake from the synaptic cleft, thus increasing the dopamine concentrations in the brain. At a dose of 10 mg/day, selegiline is devoid of 'cheese effect'. The pharmacokinetics of selegiline are highly variable, Following an oral dose of selegiline 10mg, it is rapidly absorbed and metabolised to desmethylselegiline, levoamphetamine and levomethamphetamine, The mean peak plasma concentration (C-max) is approximately 2 mu g/L and the time to reach the peak is under an hour. The absolute bioavailability of selegiline is approximately 10%. It has an apparent volume of distribution of 1854L. The oral clearance of selegiline (59 L/min) is many fold higher than the liver blood flow (1.5 L/min), indicating that extrahepatic processes are involved in the elimination of selegiline, The elimination half-life of selegiline is about 1.5 hours. Following multiple administration of selegiline 10 mg/day, the accumulation of both the parent compound and its metabolites have been reported. At least a 4-fold increase in the half-lives of selegiline and desmethylselegiline has been reported. There is at least a 3-fold increase in the C-max and area under the concentration-time curve of selegiline with food. One of the metabolites of selegiline, desmethylselegiline, is believed to posses some MAO-B inhibitory property, though to a lesser extent than that of selegiline. Within 2 to 4 hours of an oral dose of selegiline 10mg, 86% of the platelet MAO-B activity was inhibited and it took almost 2 weeks for platelet MAO-B activity to return to the baseline values. Transdermal administration of selegiline resulted in an increase in the plasma concentrations of selegiline and a decrease in the formation of its metabolites, indicating that the extensive first-pass effect is avoided when selegiline is given transdermally. RP Mahmood, I (reprint author), US FDA,DIV PHARMACEUT EVALUAT 1,OFF CLIN PHARMACOL & BIOPHARMACEUT HFD860,ROOM 4079,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 44 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 8 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 0312-5963 J9 CLIN PHARMACOKINET JI Clin. Pharmacokinet. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 33 IS 2 BP 91 EP 102 DI 10.2165/00003088-199733020-00002 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XQ304 UT WOS:A1997XQ30400002 PM 9260033 ER PT J AU Lachenbruch, PA AF Lachenbruch, PA TI The odds ratio SO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Letter RP Lachenbruch, PA (reprint author), US FDA,CBER,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0197-2456 J9 CONTROL CLIN TRIALS JI Controlled Clin. Trials PD AUG PY 1997 VL 18 IS 4 BP 381 EP 382 PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XP118 UT WOS:A1997XP11800012 PM 9257075 ER PT J AU Misiewicz, B Poltorak, M Raybourne, RB Gomez, M Listwak, S Sternberg, EM AF Misiewicz, B Poltorak, M Raybourne, RB Gomez, M Listwak, S Sternberg, EM TI Intracerebroventricular transplantation of embryonic neuronal tissue from inflammatory resistant into inflammatory susceptible rats suppresses specific components of inflammation SO EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR; SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CD4+ T-CELLS; LEWIS RATS; IMMUNE INTERACTIONS; INTERLEUKIN-1; ACTIVATION; BRAIN; MODULATION AB To more directly define the role of central nervous system factors in susceptibility to peripheral inflammatory disease, we examined the effect of intracerebroventricular transplantation of neuronal tissue from inflammatory resistant into inflammatory susceptible rats on subcutaneous carrageenan-induced inflammation (a measure of innate immunity), and on the relative percentage of naive and memory T helper cells in peripheral blood (a measure of the anamnestic immune response). Female inflammatory disease susceptible Lewis (LEW/N) rats transplanted with hypothalamic tissue from inflammatory resistant Fischer (F344/N) rats exhibited > 85% decrease in carrageenan inflammation compared to naive LEW/N rats, LEW/N rats transplanted with F344/N spinal cord, or sham-operated animals. LEW/N rats transplanted with LEW/N hypothalamic tissue exhibited > 50% decrease in carrageenan inflammation. In contrast, intracerebroventricular transplantation of neuronal tissue did not affect the characteristically twofold higher percentage of naive versus memory T helper cells in LEW/N rats, suggesting that the central nervous system (CNS) and hypothalamus play a greater role in the innate inflammatory response than in the acquired immune processes. Grafted tissue survived well and did not show extensive gliosis or inflammation. Compared to naive LEW/N rats, LEW/N rats transplanted with F344/N or LEW/N hypothalamic tissue expressed significantly greater hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone mRNA. LEW/N rats transplanted with F344/N hypothalamic tissue also showed significant increases in plasma corticosterone responses to lipopolysaccharide. These data indicate that intracerebroventricular transplantation of fetal hypothalamic tissue from inflammatory resistant into inflammatory susceptible rats suppresses peripheral inflammation partially through hypothalamic factors. These findings have implications for understanding the contribution of specific neuronal tissue in regulation of components of the immune/inflammatory response and in susceptibility to inflammatory disease. Furthermore, this model could be used in the development of potential new treatments for inflammatory/autoimmune diseases aimed specifically at sites within the CNS. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 NIMH,CLIN NEUROENDOCRINOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT NEUROL,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. NIMH,PRECLIN NEUROSCI SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,IMMUNOBIOL BRANCH,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4886 J9 EXP NEUROL JI Exp. Neurol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 146 IS 2 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1006/exnr.1997.6446 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XR256 UT WOS:A1997XR25600002 PM 9270039 ER PT J AU Begley, TH AF Begley, TH TI Methods and approaches used by FDA to evaluate the safety of food packaging materials SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Food Packaging - Ensuring the Safety and Quality of Foods CY SEP 11-13, 1996 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Int Life Sci Inst, European Commiss, Hungarian Cent Food Res Inst, Int Union Pure & Appl Chem DE migration modelling; food additive; threshold of regulation ID CARCINOGENIC POTENCY DATABASE; ANIMAL BIOASSAYS; CHRONOLOGICAL SUPPLEMENT; ALTERNATIVE METHODS; SIMULATING LIQUIDS; CONTACT MATERIALS; MIGRATION; POLYOLEFINS; DIFFUSION; MODEL AB In the Federal Register of July 17 1995 (60 FR 36582), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) established a 'threshold of regulation' process. This process was established for determining when the extent of migration to food is so trivial that safety concerns would be negligible. The process exempts materials in food-contact articles whose use results in dietary concentrations at or below 0.5 ppb (mu g/kg) from the food additive listing regulation requirement. Carcinogens or substances that may be carcinogens are excluded from this regulation. This paper explores some of the ramifications of the threshold of regulation policy with respect to traditional migration testing. It examines the use of the threshold approach and migration modelling to estimate food additive exposures. These results indicate that modelling may be a reasonable alternative to traditional migration testing. RP Begley, TH (reprint author), US FDA, WASHINGTON, DC 20204 USA. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1944-0049 EI 1944-0057 J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM A JI Food Addit. Contam. Part A-Chem. PD AUG-OCT PY 1997 VL 14 IS 6-7 BP 545 EP 553 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA XW846 UT WOS:A1997XW84600005 PM 9373518 ER PT J AU Garthright, WE AF Garthright, WE TI The three-phase linear model of bacterial growth: a response SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material AB Buchanan et al. compare a three-phase linear model of bacterial growth with the Gompertz and Baranyi nonlinear models. The three-phase linear model imposes horizontal line fits on the lag and stationary periods and uses least squares regression to allocate observations to the three phases, as well as to the coordinates of the three lines themselves. This extension of the early graphical methods of microbiologists is mechanistic and very simple, and appears fully adequate for use as a primary model to support multi-parameter environmental modeling of bacterial growth. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. RP Garthright, WE (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,200C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 14 IS 4 BP 395 EP 397 DI 10.1006/fmic.1996.9997 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA XR314 UT WOS:A1997XR31400012 ER PT J AU Hoffman, SL Doolan, DL Sedegah, M Wang, RB Scheller, LF Kumar, A Weiss, WR Le, TP Klinman, DM Hobart, P Norman, JA Hedstrom, RC AF Hoffman, SL Doolan, DL Sedegah, M Wang, RB Scheller, LF Kumar, A Weiss, WR Le, TP Klinman, DM Hobart, P Norman, JA Hedstrom, RC TI Toward clinical trials of DNA vaccines against malaria SO IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA vaccine; malaria; Plasmodium; protective immunity ID SPOROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-2; FALCIPARUM CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; CYTOTOXIC LYMPHOCYTES-T; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; GAMMA-INTERFERON; INFECTED HEPATOCYTES; CELLULAR-IMMUNITY; CELLS RECOGNIZE; PROTECTION; IMMUNIZATION AB In mid 1997 the first malaria DNA vaccine will enter clinical trials. This single gene DNA vaccine encoding the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporazoite protein (PfCSP) will be studied for safety and immunogenicity. If these criteria are met, a multi-gene DNA vaccine designed to induce protective CD8(+) T cell responses against P. falciparum infected hepatocytes will be subsequently assessed for safety, immunogenicity and capacity to protect immunized volunteers against experimental challenge with P. falciparum sporozoites. Our perspectives on malaria vaccine development in general,(1) and on a multi-gene DNA vaccine in particular,(2) have been recently reviewed. Herein, we review the rationale and experimental foundation for the anticipated P. falciparum DNA vaccine trials. C1 USN,MED RES INST,MALARIA PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV MARYLAND,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. HENRY M JACKSON FDN,ROCKVILLE,MD. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD. VICAL INC,SAN DIEGO,CA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 64 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 0818-9641 J9 IMMUNOL CELL BIOL JI Immunol. Cell Biol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 75 IS 4 BP 376 EP 381 DI 10.1038/icb.1997.59 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA YC996 UT WOS:A1997YC99600010 PM 9315481 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Movsesyan, V Fink, DW Fasler, M Whalin, M Katagiri, Y Monshipouri, M Dickens, G Lelkes, PI Guroff, G Lazarovici, P AF Jiang, H Movsesyan, V Fink, DW Fasler, M Whalin, M Katagiri, Y Monshipouri, M Dickens, G Lelkes, PI Guroff, G Lazarovici, P TI Expression of human p140(trk) receptors in p140(trk)-deficient, PC12/endothelial cells results in nerve growth factor-induced signal transduction and DNA synthesis SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nerve growth factor; fibroblast growth factor; K-252a; staurosporine; p140(trk); receptor; signal transduction; tyrosine kinase; transfection; overexpression; PC12/endothelial hybrid cells; DNA synthesis; proliferation; differentiation ID TRK TYROSINE KINASE; PC12 CELLS; NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; CELLULAR ACTIONS; NGF RESPONSES; PROTOONCOGENE; RESPONSIVENESS; BINDING; STAUROSPORINE AB Nerve growth factor (NGF) regulates proliferation, differentiation, and survival of sympathetic and sensory neurons through the tyrosine kinase activity of its receptor, p140(trk). These biological effects of NGF depend upon the signal-mediating function of pi 40(trk) substrates which are likely to differ from cell to cell. To define pi 40(trk) receptor substrates and the details of signalling by NGF in the hybrid cell PC12EN, we stably transfected cultures with a vector encoding a full-length human pi 40(trk) cDNA sequence. Two stably transfected clones, one expressing p140(trk) with higher affinity (PC12EN-trk3; K-d 57.4 pM, B-max 9.7 pmole/mg) and one expressing p140(trk) with a lower affinity (PC12 EN-trk1; K-d 392.4 pM, B-max 5.7 pmole/mg) were generated. Radioreceptor assays indicate that transfected p140(trk) receptors show slow NGF-dissociation kinetics, are resistant to trypsin or Triton X-100 treatment, are specific for NGF compared to other neurotrophins, and are internalized or downregulated as are native PC12 p140(trk) receptors. NGF stimulates p140(trk) tyrosine phosphorylation in a dose-(0.01-10 ng/ml) and time-(5-120 min) dependent manner, and tyrosine phosphorylation was inhibited by 200-1,000 nM K-252a. NGF-induced Erk stimulation for 60 min was assessed using myelin basic protein as a substrate. NGF treatment also led to an increased phosphorylation of p70(S6k), SNT, and phospholipase C gamma, demonstrating that the major NGF-stimulated signalling pathways found in other cells are activated in PC12EN-trk cells. Staurosporine (5-50 nM) rapidly and dBcAMP(1 mM) more slowly, but not NGF induced morphological differentiation in PC12EN-trk cells. Rather, NGF treatment in low-serum medium stimulated a 1.3- and 2.3-fold increase in DNA synthesis measured by [H-3]thymidine incorporation in PC12EN-trk1 and PC12EN-trk3, respectively. These data highlight the functionality of the transfected p140(trk) receptors and indicate that these transfected cells may serve as a novel cellular model facilitating the study of the mitogenic properties of NGF signalling and the transducing role of the p140(trk) receptor substrates. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NICHHD,GROWTH FACTORS SECT,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,FAC MED,DEPT PHARMACOL,SCH PHARM,IL-91010 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CYTOKINE BIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV WISCONSIN,CELL BIOL LAB,DEPT MED,MILWAUKEE,WI 53201. NR 49 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 66 IS 2 BP 229 EP 244 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19970801)66:2<229::AID-JCB10>3.0.CO;2-C PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA XH840 UT WOS:A1997XH84000010 PM 9213224 ER PT J AU Anderson, MP Zaremba, LA Brown, DG AF Anderson, MP Zaremba, LA Brown, DG TI US Food and Drug Administration's regulation of software and picture archiving and communication systems SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium for Computer Applications in Radiology CY JUN 21-24, 1997 CL MAYO CLIN, ROCHESTER, MN SP Soc Comp Applicat Radiol HO MAYO CLIN RP Anderson, MP (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,HFZ 142,12720 TWINBROOK PKWY,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0897-1889 J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD AUG PY 1997 VL 10 IS 3 SU 1 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XR542 UT WOS:A1997XR54200009 PM 9268826 ER PT J AU Chakrabarti, K Showalter, CK Fischer, RA AF Chakrabarti, K Showalter, CK Fischer, RA TI Digital mammography and the Mammography Quality Standards Act SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium for Computer Applications in Radiology CY JUN 21-24, 1997 CL MAYO CLIN, ROCHESTER, MN SP Soc Comp Applicat Radiol HO MAYO CLIN RP Chakrabarti, K (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,DIV MAMMOG & QUAL & RADIAT PROGRAMS,OFF HLTH & IND PROGRAMS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0897-1889 J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD AUG PY 1997 VL 10 IS 3 SU 1 BP 140 EP 141 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XR542 UT WOS:A1997XR54200043 PM 9268860 ER PT J AU Velucchi, M Rustici, A Meazza, C Villa, P Ghezzi, P Tsai, CM Porro, M AF Velucchi, M Rustici, A Meazza, C Villa, P Ghezzi, P Tsai, CM Porro, M TI A model of Neisseria meningitidis vaccine based on LPS micelles detoxified by synthetic anti-endotoxin peptides SO JOURNAL OF ENDOTOXIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Pathogenic Neisseria Conference CY SEP 08-13, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; LIPID-A; SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE; POTENTIAL VACCINE; INTERFERON-GAMMA; T-CELLS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ANTIBODIES; POLYSACCHARIDE; IMMUNOGENICITY AB We describe a model of vaccine based on detoxified endotoxin (LPS) conserving the supramolecular structure of micelles. Detoxification of LPS from Neisseria meningitidis group A, strain A1 (LPS A1), has been achieved by complex formation with a synthetic anti-endotoxin peptide (SAEP 2) binding to the lipid A moiety of LPS A1 with high affinity. Following subcutaneous injection in SW mice, LPS A1/SAEP 2 complex induced high titers of boostable IgG antibodies against the immunotype determinants of LPS A1, cross-reactive with group B LPS in either purified or cell-associated form. These antibodies were able to functionally fix and activate homologous and heterologous species of complement after binding to LPS A1-coated sheep erythrocytes. None of the IgG antibodies induced were specific for lipid A or SAEP 2 and none of the IgG antibodies cross-reacted with heterologous LPS. The purified IgG polyclonal antibodies significantly inhibited serum TNF production in CD1 mice intravenously challenged by homologous but not heterologous LPS. The immunogenic properties of LPS A1/SAEP 2 complex, investigated by the kinetic, magnitude and sub-isotype composition of the polyclonal antibodies induced, were comparable to those of a glycoconjugate obtained by covalent binding of LPS A1, detoxified by SAEP 2, to BSA working as a T-cell dependent carrier protein. The results obtained suggest that LPS behaves in vivo as a T-cell dependent antigen. The strategy of properly delivering to the immune system of mammalians, non-toxic LPS fully expressing its supramolecular antigenic structure, represents a novel approach for development of a new generation of R-and S-LPS/SAEP complex-based vaccines for prophylaxis of specific Gram-negative infections leading to sepsis and endotoxemia. C1 BIOS YNTH RES LABS,I-53040 RAPOLANO TERME,SIENA,ITALY. IST RIC FARMACOL MARIO NEGRI,MILAN,ITALY. CNR,CELLULAR & MOL PHARMACOL CTR,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. US FDA,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20014. RI Meazza, Cristina/E-5554-2017 OI Meazza, Cristina/0000-0002-1152-3793 NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0968-0519 J9 J ENDOTOXIN RES JI J. Endoxtin Res. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 4 IS 4 BP 261 EP 272 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA YH658 UT WOS:A1997YH65800003 ER PT J AU Duvall, RE Hitchins, AD AF Duvall, RE Hitchins, AD TI Pooling of noncollaborative multilaboratory data for evaluation of the use of DNA probe test kits in identifying Listeria monocytogenes strains SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Listeria ID test kits ID IDENTIFICATION; CONFIRMATION; FOODS; ASSAY AB The Accuprobe test kit, a DNA probe culture confirmation test kit for identifying bacterial isolates as Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated with 148 food-borne Listeria isolates. The identities of the isolates were confirmed by conventional tests. A subset of the Listeria isolates was also used to evaluate the Gene-Trak Listeria monocytogenes isolation kit. The data obtained with each kit were pooled with data for that kit from independent published studies, Interlaboratory performances were then estimated statistically, to achieve the main features of orthodox interlaboratory collaborative studies. The large number of strains required in this noncollaborative evaluation method advantageously provided a more representative sampling of the potential isolates that may be found in practice. Exact comparability between the two kit studies was not possible nor is it a feature of orthodox collaborative identification kit studies. However, the kits apparently performed equivalently given the different statistical confidences dictated by the study designs. C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV MICROBIOL STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 60 IS 8 BP 995 EP 997 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA XT095 UT WOS:A1997XT09500020 ER PT J AU Umehara, H Huang, JY Kono, T Tabassam, FH Okazaki, T Bloom, ET Domae, N AF Umehara, H Huang, JY Kono, T Tabassam, FH Okazaki, T Bloom, ET Domae, N TI Involvement of protein tyrosine kinase p72(syk) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in CD2-mediated granular exocytosis in the natural killer cell line, NK3.3 SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FC-GAMMA-RIIIA; FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1; T-CELLS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CROSS-LINKING; SH2 DOMAINS; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE 3-KINASE; RECEPTOR COMPLEX; LYMPHOCYTES-T; ZETA-CHAIN AB The granular exocytosis pathway is one mechanism by which NK cells and CTLs induce cytolysis of target cells. Triggering through adhesion molecules such as CD2 and LFA-1 as well as Fc gamma RIII (CD16) can invoke this pathway, CD2 is a cell surface glycoprotein present on CTLs and NK cells that plays an important role in both cellular adhesion and signal transduction. Here we report that cross-linking of CD2 as well as CD16 by immobilized Abs enhances granular exocytosis in an NK cell line, NK3.3, Herbimycin, a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, or wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K), inhibited completely or almost completely CD2- or CD16-mediated granular exocytosis, suggesting the involvement of protein tyrosine kinases and PI 3-K in both CD2- and CD16-mediated granular exocytosis. We also observed that cross-linking of CD2 as well as CD16 enhances p72(syk) tyrosine kinase activity, and this enhancement correlated well with the increased tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular proteins, including the adapter protein She. Furthermore, we have observed that cross-linking of CD2 as well as CD16 enhances the PI 3-K activity associated with the tyrosine-phosphorylated cellular proteins and She. These results provide insight into the signaling pathways by which triggering of CD2 and CD16 on NK cells leads to cytolysis of target cells. C1 NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM,KAWANISHI PHARMA INST,DEPT MOL CELL BIOL,KAWANISHI,JAPAN. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CELLULAR & GENE THERAPIES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Umehara, H (reprint author), OSAKA DENT UNIV,DEPT MED,CHUO KU,1-5-31 OTEMAE,OSAKA 540,JAPAN. NR 63 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 159 IS 3 BP 1200 EP 1207 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA XL789 UT WOS:A1997XL78900020 PM 9233614 ER PT J AU Khan, AS Shahabuddin, M Bryan, T Joshi, BH Lee, S Hewlett, IK AF Khan, AS Shahabuddin, M Bryan, T Joshi, BH Lee, S Hewlett, IK TI Polio vaccines and retroviral contamination - Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; LIVE C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV TRANSFUS TRANSMITTED DIS,MOL VIROL LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20892. RP Khan, AS (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIRAL PROD,LAB RETROVIRUS RES,1401 ROCKVILLE PIKE,HFM-454,ROCKVILLE,MD 20892, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 176 IS 2 BP 545 EP 546 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XW859 UT WOS:A1997XW85900042 ER PT J AU Blauvelt, A Zaitseva, M Zoeteweij, JP Lee, S Lapham, CK Manischewitz, J KlausKovtun, V AF Blauvelt, A Zaitseva, M Zoeteweij, JP Lee, S Lapham, CK Manischewitz, J KlausKovtun, V TI Surface expression of CCR-5, but not CXCR-4, on freshly isolated Langerhans cells (LC) correlates with restricted transmission of macrophage (M)-tropic HIV. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,DERMATOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,DIV VIRAL PROD,BETHESDA,MD 20014. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 109 IS 2 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA XM195 UT WOS:A1997XM19500026 ER PT J AU Pluta, RM Boock, RJ Afshar, JK Clouse, K Bacic, M Ehrenreich, H Oldfield, EH AF Pluta, RM Boock, RJ Afshar, JK Clouse, K Bacic, M Ehrenreich, H Oldfield, EH TI Source and cause of endothelin-1 release into cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE endothelin; vasospasm; subarachnoid hemorrhage; cerebral ischemia; cynomolgus monkey ID ISCHEMIC NEUROLOGICAL DEFICITS; ET(A) RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; CEREBRAL VASOSPASM; NITRIC-OXIDE; GLIAL-CELLS; BLOOD-FLOW; HEMOGLOBIN; PLASMA; EXPRESSION AB Despite years of research, delayed cerebral vasospasm remains a serious complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Recently, it has been proposed that endothelin-1 (ET-1) mediates vasospasm. The authors examined this hypothesis in a series of experiments. In a primate model of SAH, serial ET-1 levels were measured in samples from the perivascular space by using a microdialysis technique and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma during the development and resolution of delayed vasospasm. To determine whether elevated ET-1 production was a direct cause of vasospasm or acted secondary to ischemia, the authors also measured ET-1 levels in plasma and CSF after transient cerebral ischemia. To elucidate the source of ET-1, they measured its production in cultures of endothelial cells and astrocytes exposed to oxyhemoglobin (10 mu M), methemoglobin (10 mu M), or hypoxia (11% oxygen). There was no correlation between the perivascular levels of ET-1 and the development of vasospasm or its resolution. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma levels of ET-1 were not affected by vasospasm (CSF ET-1 levels were 9.3 +/- 2.2 pg/ml and ET-1 plasma levels were 1.2 +/- 0.6 pg/ml) before SAH and remained unchanged when vasospasm developed (7.1 +/- 1.7 pg/ml in CSF and 2.7 +/- 1.5 pg/ml in plasma). Transient cerebral ischemia evoked an increase of ET-1 levels in CSF (1 +/- 0.4 pg/ml at the occlusion vs. 3.1 +/- 0.6 pg/ml 4 hours after reperfusion; p < 0.05), which returned to normal (0.7 +/- 0.3 pg/ml) after 24 hours. Endothelial cells and astrocytes in culture showed inhibition of ET-1 production 6 hours after exposure to hemoglobins. Hypoxia inhibited ET-1 release by endothelial cells at 24 hours (6.4 +/- 0.8 pg/ml vs. 0.1 +/- 0.1 pg/ml, control vs, hypoxic endothelial cells; p < 0.05) and at 48 hours (6.4 +/- 0.6 pg/ml vs. 0 +/- 0.1 pg/ml, control vs. hypoxic endothelial cells; p < 0.05), but in astrocytes hypoxia induced an increase of ET-1 at 6 hours (1.5 +/- 0.6 vs. 6.4 +/- 1.1 pg/ml, control vs. hypoxic astrocytes; p < 0.05). Endothelin-1 is released from astrocytes, but not endothelial cells, during hypoxia and is released from the brain after transient ischemia. There is no relationship between ET-1 and vasospasm in vivo or between ET-1 and oxyhemoglobin, a putative agent of vasospasm, in vitro. The increase in ET-1 levels in CSF after SAH from a ruptured intracranial aneurysm appears to be the result of cerebral ischemia rather than reflecting the cause of cerebral vasospasm. C1 NINCDS,SURG NEUROL BRANCH,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD. UNIV GOTTINGEN,DEPT NEUROL & PSYCHIAT,D-3400 GOTTINGEN,GERMANY. NR 58 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA UNIV VIRGINIA, 1224 WEST MAIN ST, STE 450, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 SN 0022-3085 J9 J NEUROSURG JI J. Neurosurg. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 87 IS 2 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.3171/jns.1997.87.2.0287 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA XN706 UT WOS:A1997XN70600020 PM 9254095 ER PT J AU Hanna, GM AF Hanna, GM TI Determination of enantiomeric composition of ibuprofen in bulk drug by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with a chiral lanthanide chelate SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE ibuprofen; optical purity; proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis; lanthanide chelate ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INVERSION; AGENTS; ACIDS AB The enantiomeric composition of ibuprofen was determined in a simple and reliable manner by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with a chiral lanthanide chelate. Optimum complexation with the europium (III) chelate took place in CCl4 after conversion of the enantiomeric sample into a mixture of methyl esters. The optimization of the experimental conditions in terms of substrate concentration and lanthanide chelate to substrate molar ratio led to two sets of signals of utility for quantitative purposes. Analysis of synthetic enantiomeric mixtures by the proposed method demonstrated excellent agreement between the assay results and the known masses of each enantiomer present in the mixture samples. The average +/- S.D. recovery values were 99.39 +/- 0.92 and 99.42 +/- 0.68% (n = 10) of (S)-(+)-ibuprofen depending on whether the quantitation was based on the a-methyl protons or ester methyl protons, respectively. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Hanna, GM (reprint author), US FDA,NEW YORK REG LAB,850 3RD AVE,BROOKLYN,NY 11232, USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0731-7085 J9 J PHARMACEUT BIOMED JI J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1805 EP 1811 DI 10.1016/S0731-7085(96)02042-0 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XR343 UT WOS:A1997XR34300001 PM 9278883 ER PT J AU Lee, S Peden, K Dimitrov, DS Broder, CC Manischewitz, J Denisova, G Gershoni, JM Golding, H AF Lee, S Peden, K Dimitrov, DS Broder, CC Manischewitz, J Denisova, G Gershoni, JM Golding, H TI Enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope-mediated fusion by a CD4-gp120 complex-specific monoclonal antibody SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONFORMATION-DEPENDENT EPITOPES; SOLUBLE CD4 BINDING; CELL-LINE; CD4-MEDIATED FUSION; GP120; GLYCOPROTEIN; NEUTRALIZATION; INFECTION; HIV-1; DOMAIN AB The entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into cells is initiated by binding of the viral glycoprotein gp120-gp41 to its cellular receptor CD4, The gp120-CD4 complex formed at the cell surface undergoes conformational changes that may allow its association with an additional membrane component(s) and the eventual formation of the fusion complex, These conformational rearrangements are accompanied by immunological changes manifested by altered reactivity with monoclonal antibodies specific for the individual components and presentation of new epitopes unique to the postbinding complex, In order to analyze the structure and function of the gp120-CD4 complex, monoclonal antibodies were generated from splenocytes of BALB/c mice immunized with soluble CD4 gp120 (IIIB) molecules (J. M. Gershoni, G. Denisova, D. Raviv, N. J. Smorodinsky, and D. Buyaner, FASEB J. 7:1185-1187 1993). One of those monoclonal antibodies, CG10, was found to be strictly complex specific, Here we demonstrate that this monoclonal antibody can significantly enhance the fusion of CD4(+) cells with effector cells expressing multiple HIV-1 envelopes, Both T-cell-line-tropic and macrophage-tropic envelope-mediated cell fusion were enhanced, albeit at different optimal doses, Furthermore, infection of HeLa CD4(+) (MAGI) cells by HIV-1 LAI, ELI1, and ELI2 strains was increased two- to fourfold in the presence of CG10 monoclonal antibodies, suggesting an effect on viral entry. These findings indicate the existence of a novel, conserved CD4-gp120 intermediate structure that plays an important role in HIV-1 cell fusion. C1 US FDA,LAB RETROVIRUS RES,DIV VIRAL PROD,CBER,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NCI,SECT MEMBRANE STRUCT & FUNCT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIAID,VIRAL DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. TEL AVIV UNIV,GEORGE S WISE FAC LIFE SCI,DEPT CELL RES & IMMUNOL,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 71 IS 8 BP 6037 EP 6043 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA XK153 UT WOS:A1997XK15300039 PM 9223495 ER PT J AU Barkdoll, G Bosin, MR AF Barkdoll, G Bosin, MR TI Targeted planning: a paradigm for the public service SO LONG RANGE PLANNING LA English DT Article AB A number of recent legislative and administrative events have dramatically increased interest in planning in public sector organizations. What are the prospects that these planning initiatives will be more successful than those of the past? Is there a more appropriate approach for government planning? In this article Gerald Barkdoll and Morris Bosin examine past planning approaches to determine why they have rarely lived up to expectations. They argue that the traditional comprehensive planning model, which underlies current initiatives such as GPRA (Government Performance and Results Act), does not fit the realities of public sector organizations. They present an alternative approach labelled Targeted Planning. This new approach is characterized by highly focused activities called Targeted Planning Initiatives (TPIs). TPIs conserve scarce resources, are typically short-lived and use a variety of traditional and non-traditional planning techniques to meet clients' specific and most pressing needs. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 COLL SANTA FE,SANTA FE,NM. US FDA,OFF PLANNING & EVALUAT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP Barkdoll, G (reprint author), PUBL SERV CO NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0024-6301 J9 LONG RANGE PLANN JI Long Range Plan. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 30 IS 4 BP 529 EP 539 DI 10.1016/S0024-6301(97)00032-0 PG 11 WC Business; Management; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA XT989 UT WOS:A1997XT98900005 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, MS OchoaAcuna, H Sundlof, SF AF Sepulveda, MS OchoaAcuna, H Sundlof, SF TI Heavy metal concentrations in Juan Fernandez fur seals (Arctocephalus philippii) SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE heavy metals; mercury; cadmium; lead; Juan Fernandez fur seals; Arctocephalus philippii ID TRACE-METALS; MERCURY; LIVERS AB During 1992, mercury, cadmium and lead concentrations were determined from livers of Juan Fernandez fur seals (27 pups, one subadult, and one adult) found dead at Alejandro Selkirk Island, Chile, In pups, concentrations of mercury, cadmium and lead averaged 9.33 mg kg(-1) (SD 6.56), 0.51 mg kg(-1) (SD. 0.19) and 0.47 mg kg(-1) (SD = 0.43), respectively, In the subadult and adult, concentrations of mercury were 27.29 and 75.09 mg/kg; of cadmium 1.66 and 1.57 mg kg(-1); and of lead 0.07 and 1.37 mg kg(-1), respectively. Possible sources of contamination with these metals are discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV FLORIDA, COLL VET MED, DEPT PATHOBIOL, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT ZOOL, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. US FDA, CTR VET MED, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA. RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 34 IS 8 BP 663 EP 665 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(97)00054-4 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA YD111 UT WOS:A1997YD11100019 ER PT J AU Zheng, Q Lutz, WK Gaylor, DW AF Zheng, Q Lutz, WK Gaylor, DW TI A carcinogenesis model describing mutational events at the DNA adduct level SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Annual Meeting of the American-Statistical-Association CY AUG 13-17, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; MULTISTAGE MODEL; CANCER; TUMOR; APOPTOSIS; BINDING; HAZARD; DAMAGE; REPAIR AB A stochastic carcinogenesis model is proposed to describe a sequence of component mutational changes that constitute the G:C --> A:T base substitution. This paper provides the biological basis and mathematical formulation underlying the proposed model. In addition, the paper elaborates on a numerical approach for studying the cumulant functions, survival functions, and hazard functions of the model. Several numerical examples are given of potential applications of the model. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 UNIV WURZBURG,DEPT TOXICOL,D-97078 WURZBURG,GERMANY. RP Zheng, Q (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV BIOMETRY & RISK ASSESSMENT,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 144 IS 1 BP 23 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0025-5564(97)00005-9 PG 22 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA XK161 UT WOS:A1997XK16100002 ER PT J AU Lee, FJS Patton, WA Lin, CY Moss, J Vaughan, M Goldman, ND Syin, C AF Lee, FJS Patton, WA Lin, CY Moss, J Vaughan, M Goldman, ND Syin, C TI Identification and characterization of an ADP-ribosylation factor in Plasmodium falciparum SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; erythrocyte; endoplasmic reticulum ID BREFELDIN-A; PHOSPHOLIPASE-D; BINDING PROTEIN; GOLGI MEMBRANES; CHOLERA-TOXIN; ARF PROTEIN; GTP; LOCALIZATION; ACTIVATION; SECRETION C1 NATL TAIWAN UNIV,SCH MED,INST MOL MED,TAIPEI 10764,TAIWAN. NHLBI,PULM CRIT CARE MED BRANCH,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. OI LEE, FANG-JEN/0000-0002-2167-2426 NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 87 IS 2 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(97)00061-3 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA XL350 UT WOS:A1997XL35000010 PM 9247933 ER PT J AU Wang, RF Cao, WW Cerniglia, CE AF Wang, RF Cao, WW Cerniglia, CE TI PCR detection of Ruminococcus spp. in human and animal faecal samples SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE PCR detection; human; animal; faeces; Ruminococcus ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; BACTERIA; PROBES; METABOLISM AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures for Ruminococcus spp. were developed and used for the detection of Ruminococcus spp. in human and animal faeces. The PCR specificity was established for Ruminococcus albus, R. bromii, R. obeum, R. callidus and R. flavefaciens. The PCR sensitivity ranged from 4 to 100 cells of the pure cultures, depending on the species. Ruminococcus albus, R. bromii, R. obeum and R. callidus were detected in human faeces. R. bromii, R. albus and R. obeum were also detected in animal faeces. R. flavefaciens was not detected in most of the samples tested, except for a weak positive in monkey faecal specimens. The PCR appears to be a specific and efficient method for the detection of Ruminococcus spp. in faecal specimens. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MICROBIOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 25 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD AUG PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1997.0111 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA XW289 UT WOS:A1997XW28900003 PM 9281411 ER PT J AU Shiao, YH Diwan, BA Perantoni, AO Calvert, RJ Zbar, B Lerman, MI Rice, JM AF Shiao, YH Diwan, BA Perantoni, AO Calvert, RJ Zbar, B Lerman, MI Rice, JM TI Polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis for the VHL gene in chemically induced kidney tumors of rats using intron-derived primers SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE von Hippel-Lindau gene; introns; rat kidney tumors ID RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA; HIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE; SUPPRESSOR GENE; SOMATIC MUTATIONS; K-RAS; DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE; PHENOTYPE; PATHOLOGY; CLONING; HOMOLOG AB von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene mutations occur throughout three exons including the exon-intron boundaries in human VHL disease-associated and sporadic renal cell carcinomas. To explore the possible role of the VHL gene in chemically induced rat kidney tumors originating from various cell types, more than 150 bp of Fischer 344 and Noble rat VHL intron sequences flanking the three exons was determined by dideoxy sequencing. Five primer sets were selected for polymerase chain reaction amplification of the coding regions of rat VHL exons 1-3 and the exon-intron boundaries. Tissues from 10 renal eosinophilic epithelial tumors induced by N-nitrosoethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 10 nephroblastomas induced by N-nitroso-N-ethylurea, and seven renal mesenchymal tumors induced by N-nitrosomethyl(methoxymethyl)amine were examined for VHL mutations by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. No mutation was detected in any tumor type, indicating that VHL mutations are not involved in the pathogenesis of rat kidney tumors arising from the distal region of the renal tubules, the metanephric blastema, or stromal tissues of the cortex. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss. Inc. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,INTRAMURAL RES SUPPORT PROGRAM,FREDERICK,MD. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,OFF SPECIAL NUTR,LAUREL,MD. NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,IMMUNOBIOL LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21701. INT AGCY RES CANC,UNIT CARCINOGEN IDENTIFICAT & EVALUAT,F-69372 LYON,FRANCE. RP Shiao, YH (reprint author), NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,COMPARAT CARCINOGENESIS LAB,BLDG 538,ROOM 205,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 19 IS 4 BP 230 EP 235 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA XU105 UT WOS:A1997XU10500003 PM 9290699 ER PT J AU Koller, EA Stadel, BV Malozowski, SN AF Koller, EA Stadel, BV Malozowski, SN TI Papilledema in 15 renally compromised patients treated with growth hormone SO PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth hormone; papilledema; intracranial hypertension; renal disease ID BENIGN INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; CHILDREN; TRANSPLANTATION; IOWA AB Intracranial hypertension with papilledema has been reported in renal patients, but a survey of the literature suggests that the incidence rate is low. We present reports of 15 of approximately 1,670 patients with renal disorders, who were treated with growth hormone for impaired growth and subsequently developed symptoms and/or signs of intracranial hypertension. The male:female ratio was 6.5:1, and the median age was 12 years. The median duration of growth hormone treatment before onset of symptoms or signs was 13 weeks. All but 2 patients were symptomatic. In the patients in whom growth hormone therapy is known to have been discontinued, the symptoms and signs of intracranial hypertension abated. At least 4 of these patients experienced a recurrence when re-exposed to growth hormone. Many of the affected patients presented with predisposing conditions, but growth hormone appears to have been the precipitating factor. Prospective funduscopic evaluation may be warranted in patients with renal disorders who are receiving growth hormone. RP Koller, EA (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV ENDOCRINOL & METAB,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROOM 14B04,HFD 510,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 19 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0931-041X J9 PEDIATR NEPHROL JI Pediatr. Nephrol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 451 EP 454 PG 4 WC Pediatrics; Urology & Nephrology SC Pediatrics; Urology & Nephrology GA XR163 UT WOS:A1997XR16300013 PM 9260244 ER PT J AU Frederick, DL Gillam, MP Lensing, S Paule, MG AF Frederick, DL Gillam, MP Lensing, S Paule, MG TI Acute effects of LSD on rhesus monkey operant test battery performance SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Monkeys; LSD; operant behavior; learning; incremental repeated acquisition; memory; delayed matching-to-sample; time estimation; temporal response differentiation; motivation; progressive ratio; color and position discrimination; conditioned position responding; food reinforcement ID LYSERGIC-ACID DIETHYLAMIDE; BEHAVIORAL-TEST BATTERY; SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE MDMA; HALLUCINOGENS; DRUGS; DISCRIMINATION; CHLORPROMAZINE; TOLERANCE; NALOXONE AB The acute effects of LSD were assessed in rhesus macaques using behavior in several complex tasks designed to model aspects of time estimation, short-term memory and attention, motivation, learning, and color and position discrimination. The end points monitored included percent task completed, response rate, and accuracy. LSD (0.0003-0.03 mg/kg intravenously) significantly decreased percent task completed and accuracy in the time estimation task at doses less than or equal to 0.003 mg/kg, but did not significantly affect response rate in this task at any dose tested. Accuracy in the short-term memory task was significantly decreased at the highest dose tested (0.03 mg/kg), but no other end points were affected in this task. Response rate was decreased in both the motivation and learning tasks at doses (0.01 and 0.003 mg/kg, respectively) lower than those affecting other end points. In the color and position discrimination task, only response rate was affected (0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg). These data demonstrate that in rhesus monkeys, performance of tasks believed to depend on aspects of time estimation and motivation are more sensitive to the acute disruptive effects of LSD than are tasks thought to model learning, short-term memory, and color and position discrimination. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,ROW SCI,COMP SCI CORP,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. RP Frederick, DL (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HFT-132,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 57 IS 4 BP 633 EP 641 DI 10.1016/S0091-3057(96)00469-8 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XN588 UT WOS:A1997XN58800002 PM 9258988 ER PT J AU Williams, RA Zorn, DJ AF Williams, RA Zorn, DJ TI Hazard analysis and critical control point systems applied to public health risks: the example of seafood SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE ciguatera; hazard analysis and critical control points; public health; risk analysis; risk management; seafood AB The authors describe the way in which the two components of risk analysis - risk assessment and risk management - can be used in conjunction with the hazard analysis and critical control points concept to determine the allocation of resources at potential critical control points. This approach is examined in the context of risks to human health associated with seafood, and in particular with regard to ciguatera poisoning. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Williams, RA (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, HFS-726,200 C St, Washington, DC 20204 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 16 IS 2 BP 349 EP 358 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YX445 UT WOS:000072040700007 PM 9501348 ER PT J AU Hogue, A White, P Guard-Petter, J Schlosser, W Gast, R Ebel, E Farrar, J Gomez, T Madden, J Madison, M McNamara, AM Morales, R Parham, D Sparling, P Sutherlin, W Swerdlow, D AF Hogue, A White, P Guard-Petter, J Schlosser, W Gast, R Ebel, E Farrar, J Gomez, T Madden, J Madison, M McNamara, AM Morales, R Parham, D Sparling, P Sutherlin, W Swerdlow, D TI Epidemiology and control of egg-associated Salmonella Enteritidis in the United States of America SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; food safety; public health; poultry; Salmonella Enteritidis; United States of America ID PHAGE TYPE-4; INFECTIONS; VIRULENCE; PLASMIDS; ENGLAND; POULTRY AB The isolation rate for Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) in humans in the United States of America (USA) increased from 1,207 sporadic isolates identified in 1976 (0.6 isolates/100,000 population) to 10,201 identified in 1995 (4.0/100,000 population). The proportion of reported Salmonella isolates which were SE increased from 5% to 25% during the same time period. In 1990, 1994, and 1995, SE was the most commonly reported Salmonella serotype in the USA. Much of this increase has been associated with the consumption of contaminated shell eggs. An examination of the results of a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) survey of spent hens at slaughter and unpasteurised liquid egg at breaker plants (liquid egg processors) in 1991 and 1995 reveals an increase in the prevalence of SE isolates overall and in most regions of the USA. SE phage type 4 (pt 4), the predominant SE phage type in other parts of the world, has emerged in the egg industry in the western USA concurrent with a sharp increase in the number of sporadic human SE pt 4 isolates in California and Utah. Research on the molecular structure and virulence of SE pt 4 isolates from the USA as compared with isolates from other parts of the world (human and poultry) should be a priority. A comparison of DNA from pt 4 isolates from the USA and Europe may provide information about the potential threat to public health and poultry in the USA from this phage type. Some regional success in the reduction of human illness as a result of SE control efforts is apparent. The Pennsylvania Egg Quality Assurance Program has shown progress in reducing SE infection in participating flocks. At a national level, however, neither the incidence of human illness due to SE nor the prevalence of SE in flocks and unpasteurised liquid eggs have decreased significantly, despite the implementation of the USDA 'trace back' regulation from 1990 to 1995, and intensified efforts to educate food handlers and to enforce safe food handling pra cti ces. More effort is needed to control SE at every stage of the egg continuum, from production through to consumption. A risk-reduction approach, with barriers to the introduction and multiplication of the pathogen throughout the farm-to-table continuum, is the most practical method for reducing human illness from SE in shell eggs at present. An effective long-term solution will require interdisciplinary efforts involving government, industry, consumers, and academics. Interventions should be developed and evaluated in compliance with the potential for reducing the risk to human health and cost-effectiveness. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Washington, DC 20005 USA. USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Emerging Pathogens & Zoonot Dis Div, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA 94234 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Hlth & Human Serv 1042, Ctr Food Safety, Washington, DC 20204 USA. US FDA, Hlth & Human Serv 1042, Ctr Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hogue, A (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Room 6913A,Franklin Court Suite,1099 14th St NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 31 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 8 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 16 IS 2 BP 542 EP 553 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YX445 UT WOS:000072040700026 PM 9501367 ER PT J AU Tollefson, L Altekruse, SF Potter, ME AF Tollefson, L Altekruse, SF Potter, ME TI Therapeutic antibiotics in animal feeds and antibiotic resistance SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE animal feeds; antibiotic resistance; public health; surveillance; veterinary drugs; zoonotic pathogens ID MULTIRESISTANT SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; CATTLE; EPIDEMIC; HEALTH; DT104 AB Recent statutory changes involving animal drugs are expected to facilitate the therapeutic use of antibiotics in animal feeds in the United States of America. The use of antibiotics in animal feeds is controversial due to the potential development of resistant bacterial pathogens in food-producing animals which are exposed to the antibiotics and the resultant public health risk. Zoonotic micro-organisms can be transmitted to humans through contact with animal populations, either directly or through the consumption of contaminated food. Recommendations to address the public health concerns include the strengthening of professional education in the areas of infectious diseases and the appropriate selection and use of antimicrobial agents, the development of a comprehensive food safety education programme for food-animal veterinarians and animal producers, and the development of surveillance programmes to monitor antimicrobial resistance among zoonotic pathogens. Early identification of emerging resistance can facilitate a timely and appropriate public health response. C1 US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tollefson, L (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, 7500 Standish Pl, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 16 IS 2 BP 709 EP 715 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YX445 UT WOS:000072040700043 PM 9501383 ER PT J AU Jensen, GL Greenlees, KJ AF Jensen, GL Greenlees, KJ TI Public health issues in aquaculture SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; drug residues; environmental contaminants; food safety; hazard analysis and critical control points; heavy metals; natural toxins; public health; quality assurance; United States of America ID VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS; RAW OYSTERS; FISH; SHELLFISH; SURVEILLANCE; ENVIRONMENTS; CONSUMPTION; PREVALENCE; TISSUES; QUALITY AB The authors address the public health issues associated with the consumption of aquacultural products using numerous examples from the United States of America. As with other foods, public health risks exist but these mostly involve open water environments or products which are consumed raw or undercooked. Unlike wild fisheries, inland aquaculture systems can minimise public health risks by proper site evaluation and good aquacultural practices. Responsible use of pesticides and therapeutants can prevent violative residues to assure product safety and wholesomeness. The implementation of hazard analysis and critical control point regulations will further enhance the preventive approach to hazards control. The most challenging public health risks arise from shellfish production in open, surface waters, where both naturally-occurring and trace environmental residue contaminants can bioaccumulate in tissues and may cause disease outbreaks (and, in severe cases, death). Water quality certification programmes and field surveillance efforts including product sampling, testing and monitoring can address critical safety criteria. This paper focuses primarily on public health risks associated with production: however, the fact that consumer risks also occur as a result of the processing of aquacultural products and that foodborne diseases arise additionally from unsanitary handling or preparation and storage at incorrect temperatures (as is the case for food products from other animals) must also be taken into consideration. C1 USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Off New Anim Drug Evaluat, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. RP Jensen, GL (reprint author), USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Stop 2220,1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 16 IS 2 BP 641 EP 651 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YX445 UT WOS:000072040700037 PM 9501378 ER PT J AU Adams, AM Murrell, KD Cross, JH AF Adams, AM Murrell, KD Cross, JH TI Parasites of fish and risks to public health SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE acanthocephalans; cestodes; fish; freezing; good manufacturing practices; hazard analysis and critical control points; nematodes; parasites; public health; seafood; trematodes ID NANOPHYETUS-SALMINCOLA; ANISAKIS; INFECTION; SALMON AB A multitude of parasites have been reported in fish, but only a few species are capable of infecting humans, The most important of the helminths acquired by humans from fish are the anisakid nematodes (particularly Anisakis simplex and Pseudoterranova decipiens), cestodes of the genus Diphyllobothrium and digenetic trematodes of the families Heterophyidae, Opisthorchiidae and Nanophyetidae. Seafood-associated infections by acanthocephalans are rarely reported in humans. All of the helminths mentioned above are associated with social-cultural and behavioural factors, in particular the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. Measures can be taken during harvesting, processing or post-processing (e.g., by the consumer) to mitigate the risks of infection. The seafood industry and government authorities can apply various programmes to reduce these risks, including good manufacturing practices (GMPs) and hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) systems. Such measures may include avoiding particular harvest areas, sizes of fish, or even particular species of fish. The method of capture, handling and storage of the catch can directly affect the quality of the seafood with regard to the presence and numbers of parasites. The extent of processing - including heading and gutting, candling and trimming - and the type of product derived (fresh, frozen, salted or pickled) can all contribute to the control of the risks posed by helminths. The most effective means of killing the parasites are either freezing or heat inactivation. C1 US FDA, Bothell, WA 98041 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Adams, AM (reprint author), US FDA, POB 3012,22201 23rd Dr SE, Bothell, WA 98041 USA. NR 33 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 20 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 16 IS 2 BP 652 EP 660 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YX445 UT WOS:000072040700038 PM 9501379 ER PT J AU Rider, LG Miller, FW AF Rider, LG Miller, FW TI Classification and treatment of the juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies SO RHEUMATIC DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID INTRAVENOUS GAMMA-GLOBULIN; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE DISEASE; MYOSITIS-SPECIFIC AUTOANTIBODIES; INCLUSION-BODY MYOSITIS; TERM FOLLOW-UP; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY ANALYSIS; X-LINKED AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA; MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; ANTIGEN PM-SCL AB This article reviews the current status of the classification and treatment of the juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. The intent of classification is to define homogenous groups that share similar clinical features, disease courses, and responses to therapy. The classification scheme proposed includes clinicopathologic subsets, serologic subsets based on the presence of myositis-specific and myositis-associated autoantibodies, and environmental triggers of myositis. Juvenile dermatomyositis is the most common and widely recognized of these disorders. The second part reviews the history of treatment of juvenile dermatomyositis and discusses agents to consider for patients with refractory disease, unacceptable steroid toxicity, or poor prognostic factors. RP Rider, LG (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES,LAB MOL & DEV IMMUNOL,BLDG 29B,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. OI Rider, Lisa/0000-0002-6912-2458; Miller, Frederick/0000-0003-2831-9593 NR 326 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0889-857X J9 RHEUM DIS CLIN N AM JI Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 23 IS 3 BP 619 EP & DI 10.1016/S0889-857X(05)70350-1 PG 38 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA XR291 UT WOS:A1997XR29100008 PM 9287380 ER PT J AU Mahmood, I Chamberlin, N Tammara, V AF Mahmood, I Chamberlin, N Tammara, V TI A limited sampling approach in bioequivalence studies SO THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Pharmaceutical-Scientists CY OCT 27-31, 1996 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Assoc Pharm Scientists DE limited sampling; bioequivalence; immediate-release products; controlled-release products ID PHARMACOKINETICS; MODEL AB A limited sampling model (LSM) has been developed for an antidepressant immediate-release product (Drug A) and an antiepileptic controlled release product (Drug B) to predict the area under the curve (AUC) and the maximum plasma concentration (C-max) and to compare the bioequivalence of two formulations of each drug using predicted versus observed AUC and C-max after a single oral dose. The LSM for drug A was developed using data from 10 healthy people. The correlation between plasma concentration (independent variable) at selected time points with the AUC or C-max (dependent variable) was evaluated by simple regression analysis. The linear regression that gave the best correlation coefficient (r) for a single sampling time versus AUC or C-max was chosen as the LSM. The model provided good estimates of AUC and C-max for drug A. The 90% confidence interval on log transformed observed and predicted AUC and C-max were as follows: AUC observed = 100% to 118%, AUC predicted = 101% to 117%, C-max observed = 99% to 125%, and C-max predicted = 100% to 131%. The LSM for drug B was developed using a similar approach to drug A. The 90% confidence interval on log transformed observed and predicted AUC and C-max were: AUC observed = 99% to 110%, AUC predicted = 99% to 118%, C-max observed = 107% to 120%, and C-max predicted = 99% to 111%. Although the predicted C-max did not meet the 90% confidence interval for drug A, the method described here may be used to estimate AUC and C-max for a drug in bioequivalence studies without detailed blood sampling. More research is needed in this direction. C1 US FDA,DIV PHARMACOVIGILANCE & EPIDEMIOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0163-4356 J9 THER DRUG MONIT JI Ther. Drug Monit. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 19 IS 4 BP 413 EP 419 DI 10.1097/00007691-199708000-00009 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA XV073 UT WOS:A1997XV07300009 PM 9263382 ER PT J AU Alving, BM Reid, TJ Fratantoni, JC Finlayson, JS AF Alving, BM Reid, TJ Fratantoni, JC Finlayson, JS TI Frozen platelets and platelet substitutes in transfusion medicine SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Editorial Material ID EAR BLEEDING-TIME; ENHANCED SPECIFICITY; FACTOR XA; ACTIVATION; PSORALEN; STORAGE; LIGHT; THROMBOERYTHROCYTES; INACTIVATION C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,HEMATOL ONCOL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT HEMATOL & VASC BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD. NR 33 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 8 BP 866 EP 876 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1997.37897424413.x PG 11 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XT165 UT WOS:A1997XT16500017 PM 9280335 ER PT J AU Kunapuli, SP Dasari, VR Jin, JG Sistare, FD AF Kunapuli, SP Dasari, VR Jin, JG Sistare, FD TI Distribution of P2Y purinoceptors on hematopoietic cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Temple Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. US FDA, Div Res & Testing, Off Testing & Res, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 2795 BP A1335 EP A1335 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305603282 ER PT J AU Lee, CJ Wang, TR Li, ZM AF Lee, CJ Wang, TR Li, ZM TI Expression of pneumolysin gene and its interaction with mammalian cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 2404 BP A1268 EP A1268 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305602893 ER PT J AU Pogribny, IP James, SJ AF Pogribny, IP James, SJ TI De novo methylation within the coding region of the p53 gene is associated with reduced gene expression and tumor progression SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 1243 BP A1069 EP A1069 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305601727 ER PT J AU Stoughton, DM Zapata, G Vann, WF AF Stoughton, DM Zapata, G Vann, WF TI Arginine-12 is essential for CTP binding and catalysis of the E-coli K1 CMP-sialic acid synthetase SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 FDA, CBER, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 3303 BP A1421 EP A1421 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305603786 ER PT J AU Funatomi, H Itakura, J Ishiwata, T Pastan, I Thompson, SA Johnson, GR Korc, M AF Funatomi, H Itakura, J Ishiwata, T Pastan, I Thompson, SA Johnson, GR Korc, M TI Amphiregulin antisense oligonucleotide inhibits the growth of T3M4 human pancreatic cancer cells and sensitizes the cells to EGF receptor-targeted therapy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; FACTOR-ALPHA; FACTOR FAMILY; EXPRESSION; BINDING; LINE; CARCINOMAS; INDUCTION; MEMBER; GENE AB Human pancreatic cancers overexpress the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) and all 5 ligands that bind to this receptor, including amphiregulin. It is not known, however, whether amphiregulin contributes in an autocrine manner to enhance pancreatic cancer cell growth, Therefore, we used an amphiregulin antisense oligonucleotide (AR-AS) to suppress amphiregulin expression in T3M4 human pancreatic cancer cells, These cells express high levels of EGFR and amphiregulin. AR-AS abolished amphiregulin immunoreactivity in T3M4 cells, decreased amphiregulin release into the medium and inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, Exogenous amphiregulin reversed AR-AS-mediated growth inhibition, A random oligonucleotide (AR-R) did not alter either cell growth or cellular amphiregulin immunoreactivity, AR-AS also increased cellular EGFR protein levels and enhanced the growth inhibitory actions of TP40, a chimeric protein consisting of transforming growth factor-alpha coupled to Pseudomonas exotoxin that internalizes into cells via EGFR, These findings indicate that there is an important EGFR/amphiregulin autocrine loop in T3M4 cells and raise the possibility that modalities aimed at abrogating amphiregulin action may prove useful in pancreatic cancer, especially when used in conjunction with EGFR-targeted therapy. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DIV ENDOCRINOL DIABET & METAB MED SCI 1,DEPT MED,IRVINE,CA 92697. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT BIOL CHEM,IRVINE,CA 92697. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT PHARMACOL,IRVINE,CA 92697. NCI,MOL BIOL LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. BERLEX BIOSCI,RICHMOND,CA. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CYTOKINE BIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-4062] NR 34 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD JUL 29 PY 1997 VL 72 IS 3 BP 512 EP 517 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970729)72:3<512::AID-IJC21>3.0.CO;2-C PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XM692 UT WOS:A1997XM69200021 PM 9247297 ER PT J AU Binienda, Z Kim, CS AF Binienda, Z Kim, CS TI Increase in levels of total free fatty acids in rat brain regions following 3-nitropropionic acid administration SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE 3-nitropropionic acid; free fatty acids; oxidative stress; brain; rat ID LESIONS; STRIATUM; TOXICITY; DAMAGE; ENZYME AB Acute exposure to a neurotoxin, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), in rats results in an increase in total free fatty acid (FFA) concentration in selective brain regions. We investigated the effect of 3-NPA administration on the cerebral concentrations of FFA used as a marker of oxidative stress. Rats (n = 3/group) were dosed subcutaneously (s.c.) either with a vehicle (phosphate buffer) or 3-NPA in phosphate buffer at 30 mg/kg body weight. Animals were sacrificed after 1, 2, 3, and 6 h of injection. Brains were then dissected into frontal cortex (FC), caudate nucleus (CN), and hippocampus (HIP). The concentration of total FFA increased from 130 to 300% within 1-2 h after 3-NP4 injection in all brain regions when compared with the baseline level obtained from the control rats and taken as 100%. In CN, FFA returned to the baseline level within 3 h of treatment. However, in FC and HIP the concentration of FFA remained significantly elevated above the baseline until 6 h. The released FFA provide a substrate for free radicals formation. The results of this study suggest a role of oxidative stress in the mechanism of 3-NPA toxicity. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 US FDA,DIV TOXICOL RES,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP Binienda, Z (reprint author), US FDA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 1997 VL 230 IS 3 BP 199 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00514-4 PG 3 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XQ584 UT WOS:A1997XQ58400015 PM 9272695 ER PT J AU Kolykhalov, AA Agapov, EV Blight, KJ Mihalik, K Feinstone, SM Rice, CM AF Kolykhalov, AA Agapov, EV Blight, KJ Mihalik, K Feinstone, SM Rice, CM TI Transmission of hepatitis C by intrahepatic inoculation with transcribed RNA SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NON-B HEPATITIS; NON-A; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; HIGH-FIDELITY; CDNA CLONE; VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; CHIMPANZEES; MARMOSETS AB More than 1% of the world's population is chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV infection can result in acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis, which is strongly associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Genetic studies of HCV replication have been hampered by lack of a bona fide infectious molecular clone. Full-length functional clones of HCV complementary DNA were constructed. RNA transcripts from the clones were found to be infectious and to cause disease in chimpanzees after direct intrahepatic inoculation. This work defines the structure of a functional HCV genome RNA and proves that HCV alone is sufficient to cause disease. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MOL MICROBIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. US FDA,DIV VIROL,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA57973]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI40034] NR 26 TC 509 Z9 534 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 25 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 5325 BP 570 EP 574 DI 10.1126/science.277.5325.570 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XM867 UT WOS:A1997XM86700053 PM 9228008 ER PT J AU Williams, AE Kleinman, SH Epstein, J AF Williams, AE Kleinman, SH Epstein, J TI Criteria for screening blood donors: Science or politics? Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP Williams, AE (reprint author), AMER RED CROSS,HOLLAND LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20006, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 23 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 4 BP 289 EP 289 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XL059 UT WOS:A1997XL05900021 ER PT J AU Fraser, JK Sugarman, J McCurdy, PR Martin, NL Ammann, AJ AF Fraser, JK Sugarman, J McCurdy, PR Martin, NL Ammann, AJ TI Scientific, logistical, and ethical issues related to creation of a stem cell repository for use in experimental trials of gene therapy for AIDS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Editorial Material ID UMBILICAL-CORD-BLOOD; PLACENTAL BLOOD; TRANSPLANTATION; MOUSE C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT MED HEMATOL ONCOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095. JONSSON COMPREHENS CANC CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DURHAM,NC 27710. NHLBI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. PEDIAT AIDS FDN,SANTA MONICA,CA 90404. AMER FDN AIDS RES,SAN RAFAEL,CA 94901. AMER FDN AIDS RES,NEW YORK,NY. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CHILDRENS HOSP LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90027. AMER RED CROSS,CAROLINAS BLOOD BANK,CHARLOTTE,NC. RI Fraser, John/I-7309-2013 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 13 IS 11 BP 905 EP 907 DI 10.1089/aid.1997.13.905 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA XK471 UT WOS:A1997XK47100001 PM 9223405 ER PT J AU Coyne, PE Addiss, DG AF Coyne, PE Addiss, DG TI Deaths associated with ivermectin for scabies SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP Coyne, PE (reprint author), US FDA,DIV SPECIAL PATHOGENS & IMMUNOL DRUG PROD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20657, USA. NR 1 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 19 PY 1997 VL 350 IS 9072 BP 215 EP 216 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)62378-1 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XL722 UT WOS:A1997XL72200049 PM 9250202 ER PT J AU Wang, SW Krinks, M Moos, M AF Wang, SW Krinks, M Moos, M TI Frzb-1, an antagonist of Wnt-1 and Wnt-8, does not block signaling by Wnts -3A, -5A, or -11 SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSION; TISSUE; GENES AB Frzb-1 is a secreted factor that was recently shown to inhibit signaling by Wnts 1 and 8. Frzb-1 contains an amino terminal domain that is homologous to the Drosophila polarity gene frizzled; several other secreted proteins that share this feature have now been identified, These findings raise the question of whether or not Frzb-1 is a general inhibitor of signaling by all Wnts. We show that signaling of Wnts -3A, 5A, and 11 is not blocked by Frzb-1, demonstrating that Frzb-1 can discriminate both between the principle functional Wnt classes that have been proposed and within them. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DEV BIOL LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. RI Moos, Malcolm/F-3673-2011; OI Moos, Malcolm/0000-0002-9575-9938; Wang, Shouwen/0000-0001-8484-1795 NR 20 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JUL 18 PY 1997 VL 236 IS 2 BP 502 EP 504 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6995 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA XM955 UT WOS:A1997XM95500055 PM 9240469 ER PT J AU Alkhatib, G Liao, F Berger, EA Farber, JM Peden, KWC AF Alkhatib, G Liao, F Berger, EA Farber, JM Peden, KWC TI A new SIV co-receptor, STRL33 SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 NIAID,CLIN INVEST LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,RETROVIRUS RES LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Alkhatib, G (reprint author), NIAID,VIRAL DIS LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 18 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 2 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 17 PY 1997 VL 388 IS 6639 BP 238 EP 238 DI 10.1038/40789 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XL121 UT WOS:A1997XL12100035 PM 9230431 ER PT J AU Halpin, TJ Moore, W Waterman, SH Hadler, JL Wilcox, KR Ensign, B Simpson, DM Toomey, KE Rentas, FJ Dwyer, DM Haley, R AF Halpin, TJ Moore, W Waterman, SH Hadler, JL Wilcox, KR Ensign, B Simpson, DM Toomey, KE Rentas, FJ Dwyer, DM Haley, R TI Red blood cell transfusions contaminated with Yersinia enterocolitica - United States, 1991-1996, and initiation of a national study to detect bacteria-associated transfusion reactions (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 553-555, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. CONNECTICUT DEPT PUBL HLTH,HARTFORD,CT 06134. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX 78756. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30334. USA,MED DEPT ACT,BLOOD BANK CTR,FT HOOD,TX. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. AMER RED CROSS,BIOMED SERV,ARLINGTON,VA. US FDA,OFF COMPLIANCE,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CDC,INVEST & PREVENT BR,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Halpin, TJ (reprint author), OHIO DEPT HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH 43266, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 16 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 3 BP 196 EP 197 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XK108 UT WOS:A1997XK10800010 ER PT J AU Heredia, A Vallejo, A Soriano, V Epstein, JS Hewlett, IK AF Heredia, A Vallejo, A Soriano, V Epstein, JS Hewlett, IK TI Chemokine receptors and HIV-2 SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; T-CELLS; REPLICATION; INFECTION; CAPACITY; AIDS C1 INST SALUD CARLOS III,SERV INFECT DIS & MICROBIOL,MADRID 28029,SPAIN. RP Heredia, A (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV TRANSFUS & TRAMSMITTED DIS,MOL VIROL LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. RI Vallejo, Alejandro/I-5881-2015 OI Vallejo, Alejandro/0000-0001-5360-878X NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1198 EP 1199 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA XJ644 UT WOS:A1997XJ64400025 PM 9233477 ER PT J AU Doerge, DR Divi, RL Churchwell, MI AF Doerge, DR Divi, RL Churchwell, MI TI Identification of the colored guaiacol oxidation product produced by peroxidases SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Oxidation of guaiacol by peroxidases in the presence of H2O2 is the basis for a widely used colorimetric assay, However, the nature of the assay product, which has an absorption maximum around 470 nm. had not been determined, In the present study, we combined HPLC with a rapid scanning uv-visible detector and observed a single product with a spectrum identical to the assay product from the reaction catalyzed by lactoperoxidase, Analysis of the reaction product using on-line HPLC with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization detection (LC-APCI/MS) yielded a mass spectrum consistent with 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-biphenylquinone. A minor reaction product was observed with mass spectrum consistent with 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl. The presence of a catechol impurity in guaiacol was previously shown to yield an additional product from peroxidase-mediated oxidation based on its visible absorption (Taurog et al., 1992 Anal. Biochem. 205, 271-277). When such an incubation mixture was analyzed using LC-APCI/MS, a product with mass spectrum consistent with 3-methoxy-2',3',4-trihydroxybiphenyl was observed. Identification of such a heterodimeric product supports the previously proposed mechanism for catechol interference in the guaiacol assay as well as the radical nature of peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of phenols. (C) 1997 Academic Press. RP Doerge, DR (reprint author), US FDA,DIV CHEM,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 10 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 4 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 250 IS 1 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.1006/abio.1997.2191 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA XM755 UT WOS:A1997XM75500002 PM 9234893 ER PT J AU Pegues, JC Stromberg, K AF Pegues, JC Stromberg, K TI Inducible antisense inhibition of erbB-2 expression reduces anchorage independent growth of ovarian carcinoma cells SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE c-erbB-2; growth factor receptors; antisense RNA; ovarian cancer ID SINGLE-CHAIN ANTIBODY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INTRACELLULAR EXPRESSION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CANCER-CELLS; IN-VIVO; RECEPTOR; BREAST; HER-2/NEU; ONCOGENE AB We have investigated the effect of c-erbB-2 expression on the growth of ovarian carcinoma cell lines using antisense methodology. A 1.5 kb fragment of c-erbB-2 cDNA was cloned in an antisense and sense orientation into an IPTG inducible vector. These vectors were stably transfected into two ovarian carcinoma cell lines, one of which (NIH:OVCAR-8) grew well in soft agar. Inhibition of expression of endogenous c-erbB-2 protein was detected by immunoprecipitation and Western blot in both of the induced transfectants with the antisense construct. Although growth in monolayer culture was unaffected, NM:OVCAR-8 cells transfected with the antisense construct and induced with IPTG lost their ability to form colonies in soft agar. Consequently, endogenous expression of c-erbB-2 modulates anchorage-independent growth of NIH:OVCAR-8. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inland Ltd. RP Pegues, JC (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CYTOKINE BIOL,HFM-511,BLDG 29A,ROOM 3B-20,8800 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 117 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S0304-3835(97)00209-7 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XK319 UT WOS:A1997XK31900011 PM 9233834 ER PT J AU Kollar, R Reinhold, BB Petrakova, E Yeh, HJC Ashwell, G Drgonova, J Kapteyn, JC Klis, FM Cabib, E AF Kollar, R Reinhold, BB Petrakova, E Yeh, HJC Ashwell, G Drgonova, J Kapteyn, JC Klis, FM Cabib, E TI Architecture of the yeast cell wall - beta(1->6)-glucan interconnects mannoprotein, beta(1-3)-glucan, and chitin SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LINKED N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SIDE-CHAIN; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; PATHOGENIC YEAST; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; BETA-GLUCAN; MANNAN; PROTEINS AB In a previous study (Kollar, R., Petrakova, E., Ashwell, G,, Robbins, P, W,, and Cabib, E, (1995) J, Biol, Chem. 270, 1170-1178), the linkage region between chitin and beta(1-->3)-glucan was solubilized and isolated in the form of oligosaccharides, after digestion of yeast cell walls with beta(1-->3)-glucanase, reduction with borotritide, and subsequent incubation with chitinase. In addition to the oligosaccharides, the solubilized fraction contained tritium-labeled high molecular weight material, We have now investigated the nature of this material and found that it represents areas in which all four structural components of the cell wall, beta(1-->)-glucan, beta(1-->6)-glucan, chitin, and mannoprotein are linked together, Mannoprotein, with a protein moiety about 100 kDa in apparent size, is attached to beta(1-->6)-glucan through a remnant of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor containing five iv-linked mannosyl residues, The beta(1-->6)-glucan has some beta(1-->)-linked branches, and it is to these branches that the reducing terminus of chitin chains appears to be attached in a beta(1-->4) or beta(1-->2) linkage, Finally, the reducing end of beta(1-->6)-glucan is connected to the nonreducing terminal glucose of beta(1-->3)-glucan through a linkage that remains to be established, A fraction of the isolated material has three of the main components but lacks mannoprotein, From these results and previous findings on the linkage between mannoproteins and beta(1-->6)-glucan, it is concluded that the latter polysaccharide has a central role in the organization of the yeast cell wall, The possible mechanism of synthesis and physiological significance of the cross-links is discussed. C1 NIDDK,BIOCHEM & METAB LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIDDK,BIOORGAN CHEM LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIDDK,LAB CELL BIOCHEM & BIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02118. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV AMSTERDAM,INST MOL CELL BIOL,NL-1098 SM AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RI Drgonova, Jana/B-2903-2008; Klis, Frans/B-9085-2008; OI Klis, Frans/0000-0003-0079-9492; Drgonova, Jana/0000-0002-4623-8466 NR 59 TC 355 Z9 362 U1 5 U2 47 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 11 PY 1997 VL 272 IS 28 BP 17762 EP 17775 DI 10.1074/jbc.272.28.17762 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA XK165 UT WOS:A1997XK16500072 PM 9211929 ER PT J AU DeGraw, E Heber, S Rowan, A AF DeGraw, E Heber, S Rowan, A TI Update: Outbreaks of cyclosporiasis - 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 521-523, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. HLTH CANADA,OFF REGULATORY AFFAIRS,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0L2,CANADA. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DeGraw, E (reprint author), LEON CTY HLTH DEPT,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32301, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 9 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 2 BP 108 EP 108 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XH667 UT WOS:A1997XH66700013 ER PT J AU Himmel, MH Honig, PK Worobec, AS AF Himmel, MH Honig, PK Worobec, AS TI Dangers of non-sedating antihistamines SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 5 PY 1997 VL 350 IS 9070 BP 69 EP 69 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66276-9 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XH869 UT WOS:A1997XH86900066 PM 9217741 ER PT J AU Luo, WH Ang, CYW Thompson, HC AF Luo, WH Ang, CYW Thompson, HC TI Rapid method for the determination of ampicillin residues in animal muscle tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B LA English DT Article DE ampicillin ID PENICILLIN-G; CLOXACILLIN; AMOXICILLIN AB A rapid and sensitive HPLC method was developed for the determination of ampicillin residues in muscle tissues of beef, pork chicken and catfish. Muscle tissues were blended with a food processor into paste. A 5-g aliquot of the blended tissues was homogenized with 14 ml of 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 3.5) using a tissue homogenizer. Proteins were precipitated with The addition of 1 ml trichloroacetic acid (75%, w/v) followed by centrifugation. After filtration, 1 ml of the supernatant was reacted with formaldehyde under acidic and heating conditions. The ampicillin fluorescent derivative was then analyzed by reverse phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. Recoveries of spiked ampicillin at 5, 10 and 20 ng/g were >85%, with coefficients of variation <5%, The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for ampicillin in the tissues were 0.6 ng/g and 1.5 ng/g, respectively. The method is also applicable to the analysis of ampicillin residue in dry milk powder. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Luo, WH (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV CHEM,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JUL 4 PY 1997 VL 694 IS 2 BP 401 EP 407 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00171-0 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA XL732 UT WOS:A1997XL73200017 PM 9252055 ER PT J AU Temeck, J Sobel, S AF Temeck, J Sobel, S TI Shortage of intravenous multivitamin solution in the United States SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP Temeck, J (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 3 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 1 BP 55 EP 55 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XH186 UT WOS:A1997XH18600026 ER PT J AU Nightingale, SL AF Nightingale, SL TI Drug safety information available on the Internet SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Nightingale, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 2 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 1 BP 15 EP 15 DI 10.1001/jama.278.1.15 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XG387 UT WOS:A1997XG38700010 PM 9207323 ER PT J AU Foli, A Saville, MW May, LT Webb, DSA Yarchoan, R AF Foli, A Saville, MW May, LT Webb, DSA Yarchoan, R TI Effects of human immunodeficiency virus and colony stimulating factors on the production of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha by monocyte/macrophages SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; TYPE-1 TAT PROTEIN; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; T-CELLS; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; POSITIVE INDIVIDUALS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION AB Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) frequently have increased production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and these cytokines may in turn contribute to the disease pathogenesis. It has been hypothesized that secretion of these cytokines by HIV-exposed mononuclear cells or HN-infected monocyte/macrophages (M/Ms) is the principal source of their overproduction in HIV-infected patients, and the present study was undertaken to explore this issue, We observed that in the absence of endotoxin or cytokines, M/Ms productively infected by HIV do not produce detectable IL-6 or TNF-alpha, However, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a cytokine that enhances HIV replication in M/Ms and is frequently used to propagate monocytotropic strains of HIV, can induce the relatively long-term production of IL-6 (up to 47 U/ml) and TNF-alpha (up to 47 pg/ml) by M/Ms, even in the absence of HIV. Also, HIV induced production of a relatively small (less than or equal to 9 U/ml) quantity of IL-6 in M/Ms stimulated with macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), Finally, while highly concentrated HIV induced production of both cytokines by either M/Ms or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), this production was almost completely eliminated when care was taken to avoid contamination of HPV by endotoxin. These data suggest that the excess IL-6 and TNF-alpha in HIV-infected patients does not simply result from their production by HIV-infected M/Ms and that alternative mechanisms are involved in this process. C1 NCI,HIV & AIDS MALIGNANCY BRANCH,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NEW YORK MED COLL,VALHALLA,NY 10595. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CYTOKINE BIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI16262] NR 68 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 13 IS 10 BP 829 EP 839 DI 10.1089/aid.1997.13.829 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA XG881 UT WOS:A1997XG88100004 PM 9197377 ER PT J AU Heredia, A Vallejo, A Soriano, V Aguilera, A Mas, A Epstein, JS Hewlett, IK AF Heredia, A Vallejo, A Soriano, V Aguilera, A Mas, A Epstein, JS Hewlett, IK TI Genetic analysis of an HIV type 2 subtype B virus from a Spanish individual with AIDS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID SPAIN C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV TRANSFUS & TRANSMITTED DIS,MOL VIROL LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. INST SALUD CARLOS III,SERV INFECT DIS & MICROBIOL,E-28029 MADRID,SPAIN. HOSP XERAL VIGO,MICROBIOL SERV,E-15886 SANTIAGO COMPOSTE,SPAIN. RI Vallejo, Alejandro/I-5881-2015; Mas, Antonio/F-2505-2011 OI Vallejo, Alejandro/0000-0001-5360-878X; Mas, Antonio/0000-0003-2563-570X NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 13 IS 10 BP 899 EP 900 DI 10.1089/aid.1997.13.899 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA XG881 UT WOS:A1997XG88100011 PM 9197384 ER PT J AU Bezalel, L Hadar, Y Cerniglia, CE AF Bezalel, L Hadar, Y Cerniglia, CE TI Enzymatic mechanisms involved in phenanthrene degradation by the white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MICROSOMAL EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; CUNNINGHAMELLA-ELEGANS; METABOLISM; CYTOCHROME-P-450; BIODEGRADATION; HYDROXYLATION; OXIDATION; DETOXIFICATION AB The enzymatic mechanisms involved in the degradation of phenanthrene by the white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus were examined. Phase I metabolism (cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase and epoxide hydrolase) and phase II conjugation (glutathione S-transferase, aryl sulfotransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and UDP-glucosyltransferase) enzyme activities were determined for mycelial extracts of P. ostreatus. Cytochrome P-450 was detected in both cytosolic and microsomal fractions at 0.16 and 0.38 nmol min(-1) mg of protein(1), respectively. Both fractions oxidized [9,10-C-14] phenanthrene to phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol. The cytochrome P-450 inhibitors 1-aminobenzotriazole (0.1 mM), SKF-525A (proadifen, 0.1 mM), and carbon monoxide inhibited the cytosolic and microsomal P-450s differently, Cytosolic acid microsomal epoxide hydrolase activities, with phenanthrene 9,10-oxide as the substrate, were similar, with specific activities of 0.50 and 0.41 nmol min(-1) mg of protein(-1), respectively. The epoxide hydrolase inhibitor cyclohexene oxide (5 mM) significantly inhibited the formation of phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol in both fractions. The phase II enzyme 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene glutathione S-transferase was detected in the cytosolic fraction (4.16 nmol min(-1) mg of protein(-1)), whereas aryl adenosine-3 '-phosphate-5 '-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase (aryl PAPS sulfotransferase) UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and UDP-glucosyltransferase had microsomal activities of 2.14, 4.25, and 4.21 nmol min(-1) mg of protein-1, respectively, with low activity in the cytosolic fraction. However, when P. ostreatus culture broth incubated with phenanthrene was screened for phase II metabolites, no sulfate, glutathione, glucoside, or glucuronide conjugates of phenanthrene metabolites were detected. These experiments indicate the involvement of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase and epoxide hydrolase in the initial phase I oxidation of phenanthrene to form phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol. Laccase and manganese-independent peroxidase were not involved in the initial oxidation of phenanthrene. Although P. ostreatus had phase II xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, conjugation reactions were not important for the elimination of hydroxylated phenanthrene. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MICROBIOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,FAC AGR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. NR 49 TC 124 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 63 IS 7 BP 2495 EP 2501 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA XJ182 UT WOS:A1997XJ18200003 PM 16535634 ER PT J AU Sack, U Heinze, TM Deck, J Cerniglia, CE Cazau, MC Fritsche, W AF Sack, U Heinze, TM Deck, J Cerniglia, CE Cazau, MC Fritsche, W TI Novel metabolites in phenanthrene and pyrene transformation by Aspergillus niger SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FUNGUS CUNNINGHAMELLA-ELEGANS; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; BIODEGRADATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Aspergillus niger, isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, was examined for its potential to degrade phenanthrene and pyrene. Two novel metabolites, 1-methoxyphenanthrene and 1-methoxypyrene, were identified by conventional chemical techniques. Minor metabolites identified were 1- and 2-phenanthrol and 1-pyrenol. No (CO2)-C-14 evolution was observed in either [C-14]phenanthrene or [C-14]pyrene cultures. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NATL UNIV LA PLATA,INST BOT,RA-1900 LA PLATA,ARGENTINA. RP Sack, U (reprint author), UNIV JENA,INST MICROBIOL,PHILOSOPHENWEG 12,D-07743 JENA,GERMANY. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 63 IS 7 BP 2906 EP 2909 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA XJ182 UT WOS:A1997XJ18200060 PM 9212437 ER PT J AU HausmanowaPetrusewicz, I KowalskaOledzka, E Miller, FW JarzabekChorzelska, M Targoff, IN BlaszczykKostanecka, M Jablonska, S AF HausmanowaPetrusewicz, I KowalskaOledzka, E Miller, FW JarzabekChorzelska, M Targoff, IN BlaszczykKostanecka, M Jablonska, S TI Clinical, serologic, and immunogenetic features in Polish patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER-RNA-SYNTHETASE; SIGNAL RECOGNITION PARTICLE; INTERSTITIAL LUNG-DISEASE; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE DISEASE; INCLUSION-BODY MYOSITIS; PM-SCL; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; PULMONARY FIBROSIS; SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA; ANTI-JO-1 ANTIBODY AB Objective. To determine the clinical, serologic, and immunogenetic correlations in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), and to evaluate the useful grouping of some diseases for practical clinical purposes. Methods. Patients with IIM were categorized according to clinical presentation as compared with autoantibody specificity. Serum samples from 84 patients were screened for myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) by indirect immunofluorescence and double immunodiffusion. All sera were also studied by protein A-assisted immunoprecipitation. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and HLA-DQA1 and DRB1 alleles were determined. The patients were seen and followed up for many years in the same center. Results. MSAs were present in 19% of patients. The most common MSAs were antisynthetases in 13% of patients (Jo-1 10.7%, PL-12 1.2%, add EJ 1.2%); associated with the antisynthetase syndrome. Anti-SRP was found in 1.2% of patients, associated with polymyositis, and anti-Mi-2 in 4.9%, found exclusively in patients with dermatomyositis. The most frequent MSA was PM-Sd in 23.8% of patients, associated with scleromyositis, and Ku was present in 9.6% of patients with overlap syndromes. The alleles that were found at a significantly increased frequency were HLA-DRB1*0301 (59.4%) and DQA1*0501 (71.6%), which are in linkage disequilibrium. DQA1*0501 aas present in 85.75 of patients with antisynthetases, and in 100% of patients with PM-ScI and Ku. Conclusion. The HLA-DRB1*0301; DQA1*0501 haplotype was found to be significantly increased in this population overall and in those myositis patients with antisynthetase, anti-PM-Sd, and anti-Ku antibodies. The results of this study confirm that IIM are heterogeneous syndromes, but can be divided into more useful groups on the basis of clinical, serologic, and immunogenetic features. C1 US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20014. WARSAW ACAD MED & HOSP,WARSAW,POLAND. VET ADM MED CTR,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. UNIV OKLAHOMA,HLTH SCI CTR,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. OKLAHOMA MED RES FDN,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73104. RP HausmanowaPetrusewicz, I (reprint author), POLISH ACAD SCI,MED RES CTR,NEUROMUSCULAR UNIT,BANACHA 1A,PL-02097 WARSAW,POLAND. OI Miller, Frederick/0000-0003-2831-9593 NR 70 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1257 EP 1266 DI 10.1002/1529-0131(199707)40:7<1257::AID-ART10>3.0.CO;2-R PG 10 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA XJ125 UT WOS:A1997XJ12500009 PM 9214426 ER PT J AU Ferguson, SA Paule, MG AF Ferguson, SA Paule, MG TI Progressive ratio performance varies with body weight in rats SO BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE food deprivation; progressive ratio; operant behavior; appetitive motivation; weight loss ID TEMPORAL RESPONSE DIFFERENTIATION AB The progressive ratio (PR) performance of male rats was assessed under varying states of food restriction (75-100% of free-feeding body weight). Because performance of this task requires subjects to increase, within each session, the amount of effort (lever presses) expended for subsequent food reinforcers, it is thought that measures of performance in this task provide an index of 'motivation' to work for food. In earlier studies, subjects were 'prefed' their daily food allotments at a variety of intervals (0.25-6 h) prior to PR testing. In those studies, it was determined that such feeding episodes did not significantly affect PR performance and thus, motivation to work for food. The present studies demonstrate that PR behavior varies significantly as a function of body weight. Thus, in the rat, body weight per se has a greater influence over food-related satiety than does the recent ingestion of a meal. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP Ferguson, SA (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 11 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-6357 J9 BEHAV PROCESS JI Behav. Processes PD JUL PY 1997 VL 40 IS 2 BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.1016/S0376-6357(97)00786-9 PG 6 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA WZ194 UT WOS:A1997WZ19400009 PM 24897714 ER PT J AU Samokyszyn, VM Freyaldenhoven, MA Chang, HC Freeman, JP Compadre, RL AF Samokyszyn, VM Freyaldenhoven, MA Chang, HC Freeman, JP Compadre, RL TI Regiospecificity of peroxyl radical addition to (E)-retinoic acid SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROSTAGLANDIN-H SYNTHASE; MICROSOMAL LIPID-PEROXIDATION; RETINOIC ACID; 5,6-EPOXYRETINOIC ACID; 13-CIS-RETINOIC ACID; METABOLITE; INHIBITION; IDENTIFICATION; HYDROPEROXIDES; EPOXIDATION AB The regiochemistry of peroxyl radical addition to (E)-retinoic acid (RA) was investigated. Peroxyl radicals, generated by reaction of 13-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoic acid with hydroxo(porphyrinato)iron(III) in Tween 20 micelles, were reacted with RA. The major, and virtually exclusive, RA oxidation product was 5,6-epoxy-RA which was identified on the basis of cochromatography with the synthetic oxirane (in a reverse phase HPLC system), electronic absorption spectroscopy, high-field H-1-NMR, and EI mass spectrometry. These results suggest that peroxyl radicals react with RA by regioselective addition to either C5 or C6 yielding an endocyclic tertiary allylic or tertiary carbon-centered radical adduct, respectively. Subsequent beta-elimination of an alkoxyl radical yields the oxirane. Computational studies were carried out in order to gain mechanistic insights into the observed regiospecificity of the peroxyl radical-dependent epoxidation reaction; molecular mechanics and semiempirical quantum mechanical calculations were carried out using Tripes force field parameters and AMI, respectively. The results suggest that the regiospecific epoxidation may be influenced by the 5,g-olefinic function behaving as a partially-isolated double bond as well as inherent allylic A(1,2) strain in the substituted cyclohexene ring as a consequence of substitutions at C1 and C6. In addition, calculated heats of formation indicated preferential peroxyl radical addition to C5 versus C6; this may reflect differences in the geometries of sp(2)-orbitals containing the radical densities rather than resonance contributions by the highly conjugated polyene system. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT BIOPHARMACEUT SCI,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV CHEM,MASS SPECTROMETRY BRANCH,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP Samokyszyn, VM (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,DIV TOXICOL,SLOT 638,4301 W MARKHAM,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5 R29 ES06765-03] NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 10 IS 7 BP 795 EP 801 DI 10.1021/tx970045m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA XL700 UT WOS:A1997XL70000010 PM 9250414 ER PT J AU Falcone, V Collins, F AF Falcone, V Collins, F TI Growth of recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra in mouse macrophages SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium tuberculosis; virulence; macrophages ID AVIUM; MICE; EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE; SMEGMATIS; GENES AB Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and H37Ra were derived from the same parental strain but differ strikingly in their virulence for experimental animals. Transfer of genetic material between these closely related strains resulted in the isolation of a number of recombinant H37Ra clones bearing the in vivo growth-promoting ivg locus of H37Rv. The recombinant strain was phagocytosed by murine peritoneal macrophages infected in vivo or in vitro and their intracellular growth rates were compared with the vector control. The intracellular growth of the recombinant was significantly faster than the vector control, but substantially slower than the wild-type H37Rv control, regardless of the method used to infect the macrophages. The slower intracellular growth observed for the recombinant strains was not due to a genetically induced metabolic defect, since they grew in synthetic liquid medium at rates equal to those observed for both H37Rv and H37Ra. Peritoneal macrophage monolayers provide a rapid and convenient assay by which to screen H37Ra recombinants for the presence of putative virulence genes. C1 US FDA,CBER,LAB MYCOBACTERIA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. UNIV PAVIA,DEPT CLIN BIOL SCI,I-27100 PAVIA,ITALY. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 109 IS 1 BP 80 EP 83 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1997.4201314.x PG 4 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA XH263 UT WOS:A1997XH26300013 PM 9218828 ER PT J AU Patnaik, RN Lesko, LJ Chen, ML Wiliams, RL Balch, A Chan, K Machado, S Schuirmann, D Hauck, W Schall, R AF Patnaik, RN Lesko, LJ Chen, ML Wiliams, RL Balch, A Chan, K Machado, S Schuirmann, D Hauck, W Schall, R TI Individual bioequivalence - New concepts in the statistical assessment of bioequivalence metrics SO CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS LA English DT Review ID POPULATION C1 US FDA, CDER, OCPB, HFD 850, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. US FDA, CDER, OFF GENER DRUGS, DIV BIOEQUIVALENCE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. US FDA, CDER, OFF CLIN PHARMACOL & BIOPHARMACEUT, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. US FDA, CDER, OFF PHARMACEUT SCI, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. RI Schall, Robert/A-9174-2012 NR 23 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADIS INT LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0312-5963 J9 CLIN PHARMACOKINET JI Clin. Pharmacokinet. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XM041 UT WOS:A1997XM04100001 PM 9250419 ER PT J AU Luecke, RH Wosilait, WD Pearce, BA Young, JF AF Luecke, RH Wosilait, WD Pearce, BA Young, JF TI A computer model and program for xenobiotic disposition during pregnancy SO COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE human pregnancy; drug disposition; computer model; embryo/fetus; imipramine; methyl mercury; physiological flow model ID PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; 2-METHOXYACETIC ACID; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; METHYL MERCURY; METHYLMERCURY; MOUSE; RAT; IMIPRAMINE; EXPOSURE; GROWTH AB A physiologically based pharmacokinetic computer model and program have been developed that depict internal disposition of chemicals during pregnancy in the mother and embryo/fetus. The model is based on human physiology but has been extended to simulate laboratory animal data. The model represents the distribution, metabolism, and elimination of two chemicals in both the maternal and embryo/feral systems; the program handles the two chemicals completely independently or interactively with the two chemicals sharing routes of metabolism and/or elimination. The FORTRAN program computes the concentration of the two chemicals in 26 organs/tissues in the pregnant mother and 15 organs/tissues in the embryo/fetus using a 486DX4 or Pentium PC. Adjustments for embryo/fetal organ and tissue volumes as a function of developmental age are made utilizing the Gompertz growth equation for the developing embryo/fetus and allometric relationships for the developing organs. Various changes in the maternal compartments which could affect the distribution of a xenobiotic during pregnancy are also included in the model. Input files require estimates of binding coefficients, first- and/or second-order metabolism constants, level of interaction between the two chemicals, and dosing information. Different possible routes of administration are included (e.g., i.v., infusion: oral, dermal, and inhalation, as well as repeated doses or exposures). Regression analysis can be conducted on any combination of these various parameters to fit actual data. Output concentration-time curves are available simultaneously from all 82 differential equations. An illustrative example compares observed data with simulations for imipramine and its demethylated metabolite, desipramine, in both the maternal rat and her fetuses. Methyl mercury data for the non-pregnant and pregnant rat also are compared with human data. Based on parameters determined from analysis of rat data, the model is readjusted for human physiology and predicts human maternal and fetal tissue concentrations as a function of time. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV BIOMETRY & RISK ASSESSMENT,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT PHARMACOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0169-2607 J9 COMPUT METH PROG BIO JI Comput. Meth. Programs Biomed. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 53 IS 3 BP 201 EP 224 DI 10.1016/S0169-2607(97)00020-5 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Medical Informatics GA XK528 UT WOS:A1997XK52800007 PM 9230455 ER PT J AU McFadyen, ML Miller, R Ludden, TM AF McFadyen, ML Miller, R Ludden, TM TI Ketotifen pharmacokinetics in children with atopic perennial asthma SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ketotifen; pharmacokinetics; children; clearance ID PARAMETERS AB Objective: Published pharmacokinetic data on ketotifen are sparse. although it is a commonly used prophylactic agent in various allergic disorders in adults and children. The aim of this study was to assess the steady-state pharmacokinetics of ketotifen in children with atopic perennial asthma who were participating in a clinical trial. Method: The NONMEM population approach with sparse sampling was utilized. The data set consisted of 239 samples from 48 children who were randomized to receive either 1 mg or 2 mg oral ketotifen daily. Patients underwent a clinical examination and had a blood sample taken at 2-week intervals for 12 weeks. The ketotifen concentrations were measured by RIA. Results: A one-compartment model with first-order absorption was fit to the data. Volume was estimated at 394 1 and clearance (CL) at 97.4 1.h(-1) (3.6 1.h(-1).kg(-1)). Weight or body surface area were the most influential covariates for explaining interindividual variability in CL. The 2-mg dose appeared to have a relative bioavailability of 85% of the 1-mg dose. Conclusion: Children have a faster clearance of ketotifen than adults and would therefore require a higher dose per kilogram body weight to give comparable steady-state levels. C1 US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,OFF CLIN PHARMACOL & BIOPHARMACEUT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,COLL PHARM,DEPT PHARMACEUT SCI,OMAHA,NE 68198. RP McFadyen, ML (reprint author), UNIV DURBAN WESTVILLE,DEPT PHARMACOL,PRIVATE BAG X54001,ZA-4000 DURBAN,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0031-6970 J9 EUR J CLIN PHARMACOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 52 IS 5 BP 383 EP 386 DI 10.1007/s002280050305 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XQ359 UT WOS:A1997XQ35900009 PM 9272408 ER PT J AU Rubin, SA Park, SW Soloski, MJ Carbone, KM AF Rubin, SA Park, SW Soloski, MJ Carbone, KM TI Flow cytometric analysis of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen expression on brain cells from Borna disease virus-infected rats without an intervening in vitro culture step SO EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ASTROCYTES; MICROGLIA; PERSISTENT; S100-BETA; BIOLOGY; LESIONS; MOUSE AB Borna disease virus (BDV) infects astrocytes in the Lewis rat brain. BDV-infected astrocytes have been shown to express MHC class II in vitro but not in vivo. Using a sensitive fluorescence-activated cytometric technique, we now report the detection of MHC class II on freshly harvested S100-positive cells from BDV-infected rat brain, without an intervening in vitro culture step. These data support the hypothesis that astrocytes from BDV-infected rats express MHC class II on their surface and, thus, are potential participants in the encephalitic response to BDV infection. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,OVRR,DVP,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Rubin, SA (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH48948]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS289599] NR 30 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4886 J9 EXP NEUROL JI Exp. Neurol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 146 IS 1 BP 286 EP 290 DI 10.1006/exnr.1997.6514 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XJ922 UT WOS:A1997XJ92200032 PM 9225763 ER PT J AU Khan, AA Nawaz, MS Cerniglia, CE AF Khan, AA Nawaz, MS Cerniglia, CE TI Rapid purification of an active recombinant His-tagged 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida OU83 SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase; Psuedomonas putida; polychlorinated biphenyl; His-tagged 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL DEGRADATION; DIOXYGENASE; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION; CLONING; GENES AB 2,3-Dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (2,3-DBPD) is an extradiol-type dioxygenase that catalyzes the aromatic ring fission of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl, the third step in the biphenyl degradation pathway. The nucleotide sequence of the Pseudomonas putida OU83 gene bphC, which encodes 2,3-DBPD, was cloned into a plasmid pQE31. The His-tagged 2,3-DBPD produced by a recombinant Escherichia coli strain, SG13009(pREP4)(pAKC1), and purified with a Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid resin affinity column using the His-bind Qiagen system. The His-tagged 2,3-DBPD construction, carrying a single 6xHis tail on the N-terminal of the polypeptide, was active. SDS-PAGE analysis of the purified active 2,3-DBPD gave a single band of 34 kDa; this is in agreement with the size of the bphC coding region. The K-m for 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl was 14.5+/-2 mu M. The enzyme activity was enhanced by ferrous ion but inhibited by ferric ion. The enzyme activity was inhibited by thiol-blocking reagents and heavy metals HgCl2, CuSO4, NiSO4, and CdCl2. The yield was much higher and the time required to purify recombinant 2,3-DBPD from clone pAKCl was faster than by the conventional chromatography procedures. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MICROBIOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 152 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S0378-1097(97)00173-0 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XJ378 UT WOS:A1997XJ37800004 PM 9228766 ER PT J AU Assimon, SA Adams, MA Jacobs, RM Bolger, PM AF Assimon, SA Adams, MA Jacobs, RM Bolger, PM TI Preliminary assessment of potential health hazards associated with barium leached from glazed ceramicware SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article DE barium; glazed ceramicware; leaching; cardiovascular effects ID DRINKING-WATER; HYPERTENSION; INGESTION; DISEASES AB Ceramic glazes contain several elements which have the potential to leach into food or beverages that are held or stored in ceramicware. Recently, barium salts have been investigated as one of the alternatives to lead in frit formulations for glazes. This preliminary evaluation addresses the potential health hazards associated with barium at levels that might leach from glazed ceramicware. A set of specialty ceramicware, consisting of five teacups and a pitcher, was examined for extractable barium. Exposure to barium that adults (18-44 years) might encounter using the vessels for coffee, tea, or orange juice was estimated. The exposure estimate was derived from values for intakes of the beverages and for the barium migration from glazed ceramicware test samples. An established reference dose (RfD) for barium exposure for the critical effect of hypertension was identified. The potential hazard associated with the leaching of barium from glazed ceramicware varied with the level of use. Consuming beverages in amounts up to the 95th percentile would not result in total barium intake in amounts that exceed the RfD; consuming large quantities (> 95th percentile) of beverages such as tea or coffee from glazed vessels might. This suggests that for a small portion of the population of users, intake of barium may be in quantities that war rant further consideration as a potential health hazard. Analyses of a broad sample of ceramicware and study of barium leaching behaviour under actual use conditions are needed to assess further the significance of these findings. RP Assimon, SA (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 14 IS 5 BP 483 EP 490 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA XJ755 UT WOS:A1997XJ75500009 PM 9328533 ER PT J AU Komolprasert, V Lawson, AR Begley, TH AF Komolprasert, V Lawson, AR Begley, TH TI Migration of residual contaminants from secondary recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) into food-simulating solvents, aqueous ethanol and heptane SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article DE PETE; poly(ethylene terephthalate); migration; residual contaminants; food-simulating solvents ID DEGRADATION KINETICS; PESTICIDES; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS; WATERS AB This study measured the migration of benzene, butyric acid, dodecane, octadecane, tetracosane, diazinon, lindane, and copper(II) ethyl hexanoate from poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETE) sheets into the food simulants, 8% ethanol/water and n-heptane, The contaminated PETE sheets were extruded from PETE chips that had been previously contaminated but were washed, dried, and remelted. The level of these contaminants remaining in the extruded sheets ranged from benzene at 0.6 mg/kg to copper salt at 24 mg/kg. The extraction data demonstrate that migration of the residual contaminants from the extruded PETE sheets resulted in concentrations lower than 10 mu g/kg in the food simulants. At very high residual concentrations of butryic acid (147 mg/kg) and benzene (218 mg/kg) in sheets made from unwashed PETE, higher amounts of the contaminant migrated into the food simulants. This migration resulted in contaminant concentrations exceeding 10 mu g/kg and suggests that unwashed recycled PETE may not comply with FDA reguirements. The crystallinity of extruded PETE sheets in this study ranged from 5 to 15%, which is lower than that of most commercial PETE (30%). Therefore, the migration data obtained from these test samples represent the most severe conditions for conservative exposure evaluations. RP Komolprasert, V (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR FOOD SAFETY & TECHNOL,DIV FOOD PROC & PACKAGING,6502 S ARCHER RD,SUMMIT ARGO,IL 60501, USA. FU FDA HHS [FD-000431] NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 14 IS 5 BP 491 EP 498 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA XJ755 UT WOS:A1997XJ75500010 PM 9328534 ER PT J AU Erney, DR Pawlowski, TM Poole, CF AF Erney, DR Pawlowski, TM Poole, CF TI Matrix-induced peak enhancement of pesticides in gas chromatography: Is there a solution? SO HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE gas chromatography flame photometric detection GC-FPD; matrix-induced chromatographic enhancement; organophosphorus pesticides residues in milk ID FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES AB In this study, it is shown that calibration solutions prepared in control matrix extract can be used to compensate for matrix-induced chromatographic response enhancement observed for certain pesticides. This phenomenon is characterized by enhanced chromatographic response for certain pesticides in the presence of matrix due to reduced analyte loss during injection. Unacceptably high recoveries are seen for affected pesticides when matrix-free solutions are used for reference and calibration. The effects of matrix concentration on overall enhancement and linear response were determined. When used as reference standards for the determination of recovery, matrix-standard solutions were found to provide acceptable recoveries for pesticides subject to matrix-induced chromatographic response enhancement along with other pesticides. General guidelines are presented for using matrix-standard calibration solutions in pesticide residue analysis. C1 US FDA,TOTAL DIET & PESTICIDES RES CTR,DETROIT,MI 48207. WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,DETROIT,MI 48202. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU DR ALFRED HUTHIG VERLAG GMBH PI HEIDELBERG 1 PA POSTFACH 102869, W-69018 HEIDELBERG 1, GERMANY SN 0935-6304 J9 HRC-J HIGH RES CHROM JI HRC-J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 20 IS 7 BP 375 EP 378 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA XJ580 UT WOS:A1997XJ58000005 ER PT J AU Oelschlaeger, TA Tall, BD AF Oelschlaeger, TA Tall, BD TI Invasion of cultured human epithelial cells by Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the urinary tract SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; COATED PIT FORMATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; HELA-CELLS; MECHANISMS; ADHERENCE; STRAINS; FIBROBLASTS; INFECTIONS AB The mechanisms which enable entry into cultured human epithelial cells by Klebsiella pneumoniae were compared with those of Salmonella typhi Ty2.K. pneumoniae 3091, isolated from a urine sample of a patient with a urinary tract infection, invaded human epithelial cells from the bladder and ileocecum and persisted for days in vitro. Electron microscopic studies demonstrated that K. pneumoniae was always contained in endosomes. The internalization mechanism(s) triggered by K. pneumoniae was studied by invasion assays conducted with different inhibitors that act on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structures and processes, Chloramphenicol inhibition of bacterial uptake revealed that bacterial de novo protein synthesis was essential for efficient invasion by K. pneumoniae and S. typhi. Interference with receptor-mediated endocytosis by g-strophanthin or monodansylcadaverine and inhibition of endosome acidification by monensin reduced the number of viable intracellular K. pneumoniae cells, but not S. typhi cells. The depolymerization of microfilaments by cytochalasin D inhibited the uptake of both bacteria. Microtubule depolymerization caused by colchicine, demecolcine, or nocodazole and the stabilization of microtubules with taxol reduced only the invasion ability of K. pneumoniae. S. typhi invasion was unaffected by microtubule depolymerization or stabilization. These data suggest that the internalization mechanism triggered by K. pneumoniae 3091 is strikingly different from the solely microfilament-dependent invasion mechanism exhibited by many of the well-studied enteric bacteria, such as entero-invasive Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia strains. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT BACTERIAL IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. US FDA,DIV MICROBIOL STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RI Oelschlaeger, Tobias/B-5624-2015; OI Tall, Ben/0000-0003-0399-3629 NR 50 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 65 IS 7 BP 2950 EP 2958 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XF631 UT WOS:A1997XF63100060 PM 9199471 ER PT J AU Dong, ZG Ding, M Ma, WY Colburn, NH AF Dong, ZG Ding, M Ma, WY Colburn, NH TI Inhibition of tumor promoter induced transformation by expression of the small GTP-binding protein Rac in JB6 cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rac; tumor promoter; cell transformation ID TO-NEOPLASTIC PROGRESSION; GROWTH-FACTOR; C-JUN; EPIDERMAL-CELLS; RAS-P21 GTPASE; NADPH OXIDASE; GENE-PRODUCT; ACTIVATION; VARIANTS; SUPERFAMILY AB The small GTP-binding protein rac-1 has been reported to be a mediator for tumor promoter, growth factor and serum-induced cell membrane ruffling. We have stably overexpressed rac-1 in JB6 P+ cells. In contrast to rac-1 expressing NIH/3T3 cells, all JB6 transfectants expressing rac-1 did not show tumorigenic transformation (forward progression) but instead showed anti-oncogenic effects (backward progression). Transfectants expressing high levels of rac-1 were blocked for TPA-, EGF- and serum-induced transformation, while transfectants expressing lower levels of rac-1 were completely blocked for EGF- and serum-induced transformation but only partially inhibited for TPA-induced transformation compared with vector control transfectants. C1 US FDA,HEPATATIS LAB,DTTD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,GENE REGULAT SECT,LAB BIOCHEM PHYSIOL,FREDERICK,MD 21702. RP Dong, ZG (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,HORMEL INST,801 16TH AVE NE,AUSTIN,MN 55912, USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT JOURNAL ONCOLOGY PI ATHENS PA C/O PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS, EDITORIAL OFFICE, 1, S MERKOURI ST, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1019-6439 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XF136 UT WOS:A1997XF13600023 PM 21528195 ER PT J AU Kodell, RL Gaylor, DW AF Kodell, RL Gaylor, DW TI Uncertainty of estimates of cancer risks derived by extrapolation from high to low doses and from animals to humans SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Exposure and Risk Assessment with Respect to Contaminated Soil CY FEB 29-MAR 01, 1996 CL MUNICH, GERMANY DE interspecies extrapolation; linear extrapolation; multistage model; TD50 ID CARCINOGENIC POTENCY; BIOLOGICAL MODELS; BIOASSAYS; TOXICITY AB The uncertainties associated with extrapolating model-based cancer risks from high to low doses and animal-based cancer risks to humans are examined. It is argued that low-dose linear extrapolation based on statistical confidence limits calculated from animal data is designed to account for data uncertainty, model-selection uncertainty, and model-fitting instability. The intent is to err on the side of safety, that is, overstating rather than understating the true risk. The tendency toward conservatism in predicting human cancer risks from animal data based on linear extrapolation is confined by a real-data analysis of the various sources of uncertainty involved in extrapolating from animals to humans. Along with the tendency toward conservatism, a high degree of overall uncertainty in the interspecies extrapolation process is demonstrated. It is concluded that human cancer risk estimates based on animal data may underestimate the true risk by a factor of 10 or may overestimate that risk by a factor of 1,000. RP Kodell, RL (reprint author), US FDA,DIV BIOMETRY & RISK ASSESSMENT,HFT 20,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD JUL-OCT PY 1997 VL 16 IS 4-5 BP 449 EP 460 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA XL600 UT WOS:A1997XL60000009 ER PT J AU Casterline, JL Oles, CJ Ku, Y AF Casterline, JL Oles, CJ Ku, Y TI In vitro fermentation of various food fiber fractions SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dietary fiber fractions; fermentation; short-chain fatty acids ID FATTY-ACID PRODUCTION; TOTAL DIETARY FIBER; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; COLONIC FERMENTATION; RESISTANT STARCH; OAT-BRAN AB Dietary fiber fractions (DFF) were fermented in vitro with human fecal inocula to study fiber fermentability and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Amylolytic and proteolytic enzyme treatment using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists enzymatic-gravimetric procedure reduced processed food fiber products to DFF by removing gastric enzyme-digestible (nonresistant) components. Total 24-h SCFA production from DFF decreased in the following order: fig > oat = soy > pea > apple > corn = wheat > pear. SCFA production was proportional to the fermentability of these fibers. Fermentation of DFF from fruits such as pear, apple, and fig produced low amounts of butyrate. In contrast, less acetate and more propionate and butyrate were produced by fermentation of oat and soy DFF. Major fiber constituents, resistant starch (RS), beta-glucan, and pectin were also fermented. RS, isolated from starch, produced acetate more slowly than the starch. beta-Glucan produced propionate and butyrate in higher amounts than did pectin, starch, and RS. This study demonstrates that the fermentability of DFF and the production of SOFA differ among food products. In vitro fermentation of DFF is useful in estimating SCFA production in the human colon. C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV SCI & APPL TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 33 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2463 EP 2467 DI 10.1021/jf960846f PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XL455 UT WOS:A1997XL45500016 ER PT J AU Churchwell, MI Cooper, WM Howard, PC Doerge, DR AF Churchwell, MI Cooper, WM Howard, PC Doerge, DR TI Determination of fumonisins in rodent feed using HPLC with electrospray mass spectrometric detection SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin; electrospray; mass spectrometry; HPLC; rodent feed ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; CORN; TOXICITY AB A method based on liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was validated for analysis of low-level contamination of rodent feed by fumonisins B-1 (10-200 ppb) and also applied to the analysis of fumonisin B-2 and B-3. The quantitation limit for a fumonisin B-1 standard was 1.1 ppb using the protonated molecule signal (m/z 722), and similar sensitivity was observed for protonated molecules for fumonisins B-2 and B-3 in feed. To increase specificity of the mass spectrometric analysis, two fragment ions for fumonisin B-1 (m/z 352 and 334) were also acquired by using rapid sampling cone-skimmer potential switching in concert with acquisition of the respective ion. This permitted the use of ion intensity ratios for structural confirmation of fumonisin B-1 at levels > 10 ppb. Intra-assay precision for fumonisin B-1 determination in feed (6-16% relative standard deviation) was comparable to inter-assay precision (7.7-16.0%) and appeared to be affected most by the variability in recovery of analytes from the immunoaffinity cleanup column. A survey of fumonisin contamination in rodent feed from 12 U.S, biomedical research institutions showed median contamination of 237 ppb and a range from 46 to 923 ppb of total fumonisin B congeners. C1 US FDA, NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2573 EP 2578 DI 10.1021/jf970021l PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XL455 UT WOS:A1997XL45500039 ER PT J AU EvockClover, CM Myers, MJ Steele, NC AF EvockClover, CM Myers, MJ Steele, NC TI Effects of an endotoxin challenge on growth performance, carcass accretion rates, and serum hormone and metabolite concentrations in control pigs and those treated with recombinant porcine somatotropin SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 88th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUL 24-26, 1996 CL RAPID CITY, SD SP Amer Soc Anim Sci DE pigs; somatotropin; endotoxins; growth; carcass composition; hormones ID FACTOR-I; GROWING-PIGS; PROTEIN; ENERGY; WEIGHT; SWINE AB Barrows were restrictively fed starting at 20 kg BW to determine the effects of endotoxin on growth performance of control and somatotropin-treated pigs. The following treatments were used: 1) daily i.m. vehicle injection until 55 kg BW; 2) daily i.m. injections of 100 mu g of recombinant porcine somatotropin (pST)/kg BW, until 55 kg; 3) i.v. saline injections for 7 d consecutively starting at 60 kg BW; 4) i.v. injections of 1 mu g of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/kg BW for 7 d starting at 60 kg BW; and 5) the combined LPS + pST treatment, with pST injections from 20 kg through the 7 d of LPS treatment. Pigs evaluated for LPS effects were fed to 60 kg anticipating a weight loss. Pigs were bled at 0800 and 1100 at 55 kg and on d 7 of LPS treatment. Rectal temperatures were taken on d 7. Treatment with pST increased ADG by 13 to 20% and improved feed:gain by 17 to 23% before LPS treatment. During the 7 d of LPS injections, ADG and feed:gain did not differ, although feed efficiency was impaired and variable. Rectal temperatures at 1100 were progressively increased: control < LPS < LPS-pST (P < .01). Protein accretion was improved 27% by pST treatment, and lipid accretion was decreased 45% before LPS. Lipid stores decreased (P < .01) after LPS treatment in the pST-treated pigs. Lipopolysaccharide treatment and(or) decreased feed intake reduced the hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia (P < .01) associated with pST treatment. These results indicate that LPS induced a simulated septicemia and that the effects were not negated by pST treatment. The observed hyperthermia was additive, possibly due to increased lean body mass induced by pST combined with the pyrogenic effect of LPS. C1 US FDA,CTR VET MED,ANIM BIOL BRANCH,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP EvockClover, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,LPSI,GROWTH BIOL LAB,BLDG 200,ROOM 201,10300 BALTIMORE BLVD,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1784 EP 1790 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XH542 UT WOS:A1997XH54200012 PM 9222834 ER PT J AU Hurlbut, JA Burkepile, RG Geisler, CA Kijak, PJ Rummel, NG AF Hurlbut, JA Burkepile, RG Geisler, CA Kijak, PJ Rummel, NG TI Colorimetric determination of selenium in mineral premixes SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB A method is described for determination of sodium selenite or sodium selenate in mineral-based premixes, It is based on the formation of intense-yellow piazselenol by Se(IV) and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine, Mineral premixes typically contain calcium carbonate as a base material and magnesium carbonate, silicon dioxide, and iron(III) oxide as minor components or additives, In this method, the premix is digested briefly in nitric acid, diluted with water, and filtered to remove any iron(III) oxide, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and HCl ape added to the filtrate, which is heated to near boiling for 1 h to convert any selenate to selenite. After heating, the solution is buffered between pH 2 and 3 with NaOH and formic acid and treated with NH2OH and EDTA; any Se present forms a complex with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine at 60 degrees C. The solution is made basic with NH4OH, and the piazselenol is extracted into toluene, The absorbance of the complex in dried toluene is measured at 420 nm, The method was validated independently by 2 laboratories, Samples analyzed included calcium carbonate fortified with 100, 200, and 300 mu g Se in the form of sodium selenite or sodium selenate, a calcium carbonate premix containing sodium selenite, a calcium carbonate premix containing sodium selenate, and a commercial premix; 5 replicates of each sample type were analyzed by each laboratory, Average recoveries ranged from 89 to 109% with coefficients of variation from 1.2 to 13.6%. C1 DENVER FED CTR,US FDA,VET ANALYT SECT,DENVER,CO 80225. US FDA,CTR VET MED,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP Hurlbut, JA (reprint author), METROPOLITAN STATE COLL DENVER,DEPT CHEM B52,DENVER,CO 80217, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 80 IS 4 BP 709 EP 716 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XL998 UT WOS:A1997XL99800003 PM 9241835 ER PT J AU Gehring, TA Rushing, LG Thompson, HC AF Gehring, TA Rushing, LG Thompson, HC TI Determination of sulfonamides in edible salmon tissue by liquid chromatography with postcolumn derivatization and fluorescence detection SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID MEAT AB Fourteen sulfonamides-sulfanilamide, sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfadoxine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfaquinoxoline-residues of which could be found in aquacultured species, were separated in <25 min by reversed-phase (C-18) liquid chromatography (LC) with gradient elution. Analytes were extracted from edible salmon tissue (muscle and adhering skin) with acetonitrile-2% aqueous acetic acid, isolated with 2 liquid-liquid partitionings, and derivatized with fluorescamine after eluting from the column, The derivatives were detected by fluorescence. Recoveries (n = 4) from coho salmon fortified with sulfonamides at 5, 10, and 20 ng/g tissue averaged 79.7 +/- 7.3, 84.6 +/- 7.7, and 88.2 +/- 7.1%, respectively, Limits of quantitation were 5 ng/g tissue, for sulfanilamide, sulfamethoxypyridazine, and sulfaquinoxoline and 1 ng/g tissue for the remaining sulfonamides. RP Gehring, TA (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,RES OFF,DIV CHEM,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 80 IS 4 BP 751 EP 755 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XL998 UT WOS:A1997XL99800010 PM 9241840 ER PT J AU Reepmeyer, JC Cox, DC AF Reepmeyer, JC Cox, DC TI Liquid chromatographic determination of thalidomide in tablets, capsules, and raw materials SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID VERSUS-HOST DISEASE; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PLASMA; DEGRADATION; MANAGEMENT; ULCERATION AB A simple, isocratic liquid chromatographic method for assay of thalidomide in tablets, capsules, and raw materials was developed. The method uses a Nova-Pak octadecylsilane bonded-phase column (150 x 3.9 mm, 4 mu m particle size), a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (15 + 85), a flow rate of 1 mL/min, detection at 237 nm, and phenacetin as internal standard, Phosphoric acid was used in preparation of sample solutions to inhibit thalidomide hydrolysis. Assays ranged from 99.3 to 100.4% in raw materials from 4 manufacturers, from 79.7 to 104.8% in tablets from 7 manufacturers, and from 75.3 to 102.6% in capsules from 4 manufacturers. Assay method precisions for triplicate analyses on 5 days were 0.30% for tablets, 0.22% for capsules, and 0.22% for raw materials. Recovery from simulated tablet formulations was 100%, The method has been used to analyze individual tablets and capsules for determination of content uniformity. RP Reepmeyer, JC (reprint author), US FDA,DIV DRUG ANAL,ST LOUIS,MO 63101, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 80 IS 4 BP 767 EP 773 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XL998 UT WOS:A1997XL99800013 PM 9241841 ER PT J AU Feldsine, PT Lienau, AH Forgey, RL Calhoon, RD AF Feldsine, PT Lienau, AH Forgey, RL Calhoon, RD TI Assurance polyclonal enzyme immunoassay for detection of Listeria monocytogenes and related Listeria species in selected foods: Collaborative study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID DAIRY-PRODUCTS; SEAFOODS; MEATS AB Six foods representing a variety of food products were analyzed by the Assurance Listeria polyclonal enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and by either the Bacteriological Analytical Manual or the U.S. Department of Agriculture culture method for detecting Listeria monocytogenes and related Listeria species, Samples of each food type, at each inoculation level, were analyzed simultaneously by both methods, A total of 19 laboratories representing federal government agencies and private industry in the United States and Canada participated, Food types were inoculated with Listeria species including L. monocytogenes, with the exception of 3 lots of green beans, which were naturally contaminated, During this study, 1764 samples and controls were analyzed and confirmed, of which 492 were positive and 947 were negative by both methods, There were 159 samples that were positive by culture method but negative by the EIA and 188 that were negative by culture method but positive by EIA. Twenty-two samples were negative by EIA and by culture method but confirmed positive when Assurance selective enrichment broths were subcultured to selective agar, The Assurance polyclonal EIA for detecting L. monocytogenes and related Listeria species in foods has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. C1 AGR CANADA,CALGARY,AB,CANADA. AGR CANADA,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. AGR CANADA,ST HYACINTHE,PQ J2S 8E3,CANADA. BIRCHWOOD MEATS,COLUMBUS,OH. CONAGRA ANALYT LAB,COLUMBIA,MO. US FDA,REG LAB,BOTHELL,WA 98011. GOLDKIST POULTRY RES CTR,SUMTER,SC. HIBBS ANALYT LABS,BOISE,ID. IND LABS,DENVER,CO. KANSAS STATE UNIV,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. MAK BEA LAB INC,BLUE EARTH,MN. NABISCO BRANDS,E HANOVER,NJ. NALLEYS FINE FOODS,TACOMA,WA. NORTHLAND FOOD LABS,FT ATKINSON,WI 53538. OREIDA FOODS,ONTARIO,OR. PROFESS SERV IND,SAN ANTONIO,TX. RED STAR BIOPROD,JUNEAU,WI. RP Feldsine, PT (reprint author), BIOCONTROL SYST INC,19805 N CREEK PKWY,BOTHELL,WA 98011, USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 80 IS 4 BP 775 EP 790 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XL998 UT WOS:A1997XL99800014 PM 9241842 ER PT J AU Feldsine, PT Lienau, AH Forgey, RL Calhoon, RD AF Feldsine, PT Lienau, AH Forgey, RL Calhoon, RD TI Visual immunoprecipitate assay (VIP) for Listeria monocytogenes and related Listeria species detection in selected foods: Collaborative study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID DAIRY-PRODUCTS; SEAFOODS; MEATS AB Six foods representing a variety of food products were analyzed by the Visual Immunoprecipitate Assay (VIP) and either the Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) or the U.S. Department of Agriculture culture methods for detection of Listeria monocytogenes and related Listeria spp, Samples of each food type at each inoculation level were simultaneously analyzed by both methods, A total of 23 laboratories representing federal agencies and private industry in the United States and Canada participated in this collaborative study, Foods were inoculated with Listeria species including L. monocytogenes, with the exception of 3 lots of green beans that were naturally contaminated. During this study, 1509 samples and controls were analyzed and confirmed, of which 370 were positive and 921 were negative by both methods, One hundred and fifteen samples were positive by culture methods but negative by VIP, One hundred and thirty-two were negative by culture methods but positive by the VIP, Twenty-nine samples were negative by VIP and by culture methods but confirmed positive when VIP selective enrichment broths were subcultured to selective agars, The VIP method for detection of L. monocytogenes and related Listeria spp. in foods has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. C1 AGR CANADA,CALGARY,AB,CANADA. AGR CANADA,ST HYACINTHE,PQ J2S 8E3,CANADA. AGR CANADA,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. ANALYT FOODS,GRAND RAPIDS,TX. BIRCHWOOD MEATS,COLUMBUS,OH. CONAGRA ANALYT LAB,COLUMBIA,MO. CONAGRA FROZEN FOODS,OMAHA,NE. US FDA,REG LAB,BOTHELL,WA. GOLDKIST POULTRY RES CTR,SUMTER,SC. HIBBS ANALYT LABS,BOISE,ID. IND LABS,DENVER,CO. KANSAS STATE UNIV,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. MAKBEA LAB INC,BLUE EARTH,MN. NABISCO BRANDS,E HANOVER,NJ. NALLEYS FINE FOODS,TACOMA,WA. NORTHLAND FOOD LABS,FT ATKINSON,WI. OREIDA FOODS,ONTARIO,OR. PERDUE,BRIDGEWATER,VA. PETER PAN SEABLENDS,SEATTLE,WA. PROFESS SERV IND,SAN ANTONIO,TX. RED STAR BIOPROD,JUNEAU,WI. UNISEA FOODS,REDMOND,WA. RP Feldsine, PT (reprint author), BIOCONTROL SYST INC,19805 N CREEK PKWY,BOTHELL,WA 98011, USA. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 80 IS 4 BP 791 EP 805 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XL998 UT WOS:A1997XL99800015 PM 9241843 ER PT J AU Pineiro, MS Silva, GE Scott, PM Lawrence, GA Stack, ME AF Pineiro, MS Silva, GE Scott, PM Lawrence, GA Stack, ME TI Fumonisin levels in Uruguayan corn products SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 110th AOAC International Annual Meeting CY SEP 08-12, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AOAC Int ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; PROLIFERATUM AB A survey was conducted to evaluate fumonisins FB1 and FB2 in Uruguayan corn products. Sixty-four samples of different local brands were purchased from retail stores during a 15-month period and analyzed for FB1 and FB2 by methanol-water extraction, cleanup with a 1 mL, strong-anion-exchange solid-phase extraction column, and liquid chromatography with o-pthaldialdehyde-2-mercaptoethanol derivatization and fluorescence detection. Contamination levels for FB1 varied from 50 ng/g (detection limit) to 6342 ng/g. Values were highest in feed samples (up to 6342 ng/g), unprocessed corn kernel (up to 3688 ng/g), and milled products, which included polenta (up to 427 ng/g). They were lowest in processed corn kernel (up to 155 ng/g) and snacks (up to 314 ng/g). FB2 was determined in one-fourth of the total samples and detected at trace levels in only one feed sample. The data demonstrated the natural occurrence of fumonisins in corn products in Uruguay. Feed and polenta that contain fumonisins could be of concern because they are consumed in large amounts and are often the main nutrient source in Uruguay. C1 HLTH CANADA,HLTH PROTECT BRANCH,SIR FREDERICK G BANTING RES CTR,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0L2,CANADA. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV NAT PROD,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP Pineiro, MS (reprint author), LAB TECNOL URUGUAY,SECTOR MICOTOXIMAS,AV ITALIA 6201,CP 11500,MONTEVIDEO,URUGUAY. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 80 IS 4 BP 825 EP 828 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XL998 UT WOS:A1997XL99800017 PM 9241845 ER PT J AU Cook, KK AF Cook, KK TI Extension of dry ash atomic absorption and spectrophotometric methods to determination of minerals and phosphorus in soy-based, whey-based, and enteral formulae (Modification of AOAC official methods 985.35 and 986.24): Collaborative study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID INFANT-FORMULA; COUNCIL AB Eight laboratories participated in a collaborative study of AOAC Official Method 985.35, Minerals in Ready-to-Feed Milk-Based Infant Formula and Pet Foods, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Method; and 7 laboratories participated in a study of AOAC Official Method 986.24, Phosphorus in Milk-Based Infant Formula, Spectrophotometric Method, to extend these methods to infant formulae (other than milk-based) and enteral products. Three ready-to-feed soy-based formulae and 2 soy-based powder formulae were chosen to represent the plant matrix, A whey-based formula and a casein-based enteral formula were also included in the study, Soy formulae containing nearly identical concentrations of particular elements were matched, and an application of the Youden ''closely matched pair'' approach was used to estimate repeatability parameters, Average reproducibility values were as follows: calcium, 9.3%; copper, 9.7%; iron, 5.5%; potassium, 4.0%; magnesium, 5.2%; manganese, 10.6%; sodium, 4.7%; phosphorus, 10.5%; and zinc, 7.3%. At similar analyte concentrations, the between-laboratory variabilities compared well with those reported for the official methods, Most repeatability and reproducibility parameters compared well with the original collaborative study, AOAC Official Methods 985.35 and 986.24 have been modified to extend their applicability to infant formulae (other than milk-based) and enteral products. RP Cook, KK (reprint author), US FDA,OFF FOOD LABELING,DIV SCI & APPL TECHNOL,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 80 IS 4 BP 834 EP 844 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XL998 UT WOS:A1997XL99800019 PM 9241846 ER PT J AU Cunningham, WC Capar, SG Anderson, DL AF Cunningham, WC Capar, SG Anderson, DL TI Determination of sodium in biological materials by instrumental neutron activation analysis SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR; CERTIFICATION; LABORATORIES AB A formalized method for determining sodium in biological materials by instrumental neutron activation analysis is presented. The method includes common procedures from the numerous options available to this historically nonformalized analytical technique. The number of procedural options is restricted to minimize the method's complexity, yet the method is still applicable to a variety of neutron activation facilities. High accuracy and precision are achieved by placing bounds on allowed uncertainty at critical stages of the analysis. Analytical results from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration laboratory and 4 other laboratories demonstrate the method's performance. RP Cunningham, WC (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,ELEMENTAL RES BRANCH HFS 338,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 80 IS 4 BP 871 EP 882 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XL998 UT WOS:A1997XL99800023 PM 9241849 ER PT J AU Roy, RR Wilson, P Laski, RR Roberts, JI Weishaar, JA Bong, RL Yess, NJ AF Roy, RR Wilson, P Laski, RR Roberts, JI Weishaar, JA Bong, RL Yess, NJ TI Monitoring of domestic and imported apples and rice by the US Food and Drug Administration pesticide program SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID RESIDUES AB In 1993-94, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducted a statistically based study of pesticide residues in domestic and imported fresh apples and processed rice. For apples, 769 domestic and 1062 imported samples were collected and analyzed; 85% of the domestic and 86% of the imported samples had detectable residues. Benomyl, a widely used fungicide, was found with greatest frequency in domestic apples, while diphenylamine was found most often in imported apples. One domestic and 4 imported samples contained violative residues of pesticides for which there are no U.S. tolerances on apples. The statistically weighted (by domestic packer throughput or import shipment size) violation rates for domestic and imported apples were 0.30% (0.13 unweighted) and 0.41% (0.38 unweighted), respectively. For rice, 598 domestic and 612 imported samples were collected and analyzed; 56% of the domestic and 12% of the imported samples had detectable residues, Malathion had the greatest frequency of occurrence in both groups of rice. Eight domestic and 9 imported samples were violative, all as a result of use of pesticides for which there are no U.S. tolerances on rice. The statistically weighted violation rates for domestic and imported rice were 0.43% (1.3 unweighted) and 1.1% (1.5 unweighted), respectively. Results of the statistically based study show that, as in FDA's regulatory monitoring, the levels of most pesticide residues found in these 2 commodities are generally well below U.S. tolerances, and few violative residues are found. C1 US FDA,BUFFALO DIST LAB,BUFFALO,NY 14202. US FDA,MINNEAPOLIS DIST LAB,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55401. US FDA,OFF PLANT & DAIRY FOODS & BEVERAGES,DIV PROGRAMS & ENFORCEMENT POLICY,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP Roy, RR (reprint author), US FDA,OFF FIELD PROGRAMS,DIV FIELD PROGRAM PLANNING & EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 80 IS 4 BP 883 EP 894 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XL998 UT WOS:A1997XL99800024 PM 9241850 ER PT J AU Andrews, WH AF Andrews, WH TI New trends in food microbiology: An AOAC INTERNATIONAL perspective SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium of the AOAC-International Europe Section CY APR 18, 1996 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP AOAC Int, Europe Sect, Assoc Responsables Qual Fiabil Analyt (ASFILAB) AB The paper discusses 5 major trends in food microbiology from an AOAC INTERNATIONAL perspective, The first trend, and perhaps the one with the greatest impact on food microbiology during the past 10 years, is the introduction of the rapid test kit, The development of these kits is a result of attempts to expedite, simplify, miniaturize, and automate methods, The second trend is the introduction of new method validation programs, AOAC INTERNATIONAL offers 2 alternatives to method validation by collaborative study: the Test Kit Performance Tested Method Program and the Peer-Verified Method Program. The third trend is the increasing use of microbiological reference materials, Applications of reference materials and of certified reference materials is addressed. The fourth trend is the evolving international character of not just AOAC INTERNATIONAL but other recognized scientific organizations as well. An attempt at method harmonization is one important consequence of this evolving internationalism. Moreover, there is a growing trend toward sharing of microbiological expertise on a global scale, reflecting our ever-shrinking geographical differences, The fifth trend is the implementation and increasing use of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) concept, The nature of the HACCP program and its influence on microbiological testing of the finished product are described. RP Andrews, WH (reprint author), US FDA,DIV MICROBIOL STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 80 IS 4 BP 908 EP 912 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XL998 UT WOS:A1997XL99800028 ER PT J AU Klecker, RW Collins, JM AF Klecker, RW Collins, JM TI Stereoselective metabolism of fenoldopam and its metabolites in human liver microsomes, cytosol, and slices SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fenoldopam; dopamine receptor agonist; liver ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN-PLASMA; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; RECEPTOR AGONIST; ENANTIOMERS AB Fenoldopam is a racemic mixture (R-FEN, S-FEN) that is a selective dopamine (DA-1) receptor agonist with pronounced cardiovascular and renal effects in humans. Metabolism of fenoldopam in human liver microsomes, cytosol, and slices was stereoselective for glucuronidation, sulfation, and methylation. Microsomal and cytosolic fractions were supplemented with appropriate cofactors to obtain enzyme activity. There was no evidence of metabolism of fenoldopam by cytochrome P-450. R-FEN was metabolized to fenoldopam-8-sulfate (8-SO4), 7-methoxy fenoldopam (7-MeO), 8-methoxy fenoldopam (8-MeO), and two glucuronidated products. The 7-MeO formed with incubation of R-FEN in human liver slices was further metabolized to an unknown sulfated product. S-FEN was metabolized to fenoldopam-7-sulfate (7-SO4), a second unknown sulfated product, 7-MeO, 8-MeO, and two glucuronidated products. Metabolism of S-FEN and R-FEN in human liver slices to 7-MeO occurred at the same rate, whereas further metabolism of 7-MeO was stereospecific and slower for the S-isomer of 7-MeO. Fenoldopam has served as an excellent model compound for comparison of metabolism in human liver slices with metabolism in subcellular fractions. The parallel pathways of fenoldopam metabolism lessen the possible impact of drug-drug interactions. RP Klecker, RW (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,LAB CLIN PHARMACOL,4 RES COURT,RM 314,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0160-2446 J9 J CARDIOVASC PHARM JI J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 30 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1097/00005344-199707000-00010 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YK701 UT WOS:A1997YK70100010 PM 9268223 ER PT J AU West, WL Knight, EM Pradhan, S Hinds, TS AF West, WL Knight, EM Pradhan, S Hinds, TS TI Interpatient variability: Genetic predisposition and other genetic factors SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARYLAMINE N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES; ORAL ANTICOAGULANT DRUGS; HUMAN-LIVER; MEPHENYTOIN HYDROXYLATION; EXTENSIVE METABOLIZERS; ACETYLATOR PHENOTYPE; POOR METABOLIZERS; LUNG-CANCER AB Polymorphisms and other genetic factors related to enzymes metabolizing drugs and xenobiotic chemicals are well known. This article focuses on selected molecular mechanisms and introduces some of the clinical implications arising from genetically determined interpatient variability or expression in some of these enzymes. Selected are the polymorphic enzymes of cytochromes P-450 (CYP) as examples of phase I enzymes and methyl transferases, n-acetyl transferases, and glutathione-s-transferases as examples of phase II enzymes. The polymorphism surrounding arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase induction is briefly described. Phase I enzymatic reactions are predominantly oxidative, whereas phase II reactions often couple with the byproducts of phase I. Overall, in poor metabolizers, whether phase I or phase II, there is limited metabolism in most patients unless another major metabolic pathway involving other enzymes exists. Drug metabolism also depends on whether the parent compound is a prodrug that forms an active metabolite, and poor metabolizers under this condition will form only trace amounts of an active compound. Therefore, the clinical significance of genetic polymorphisms and other genetic factors may be related to substrate, metabolite, or the major elimination pathway. C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP West, WL (reprint author), HOWARD UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT PHARMACOL,CTR DRUG ABUSE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20059, USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [N0IDA-4-0004] NR 76 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0091-2700 J9 J CLIN PHARMACOL JI J. Clin. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 37 IS 7 BP 635 EP 648 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XM951 UT WOS:A1997XM95100012 PM 9243358 ER PT J AU Reddy, NR Roman, MG Villanueva, M Solomon, HM Kautter, DA Rhodehamel, EJ AF Reddy, NR Roman, MG Villanueva, M Solomon, HM Kautter, DA Rhodehamel, EJ TI Shelf life and Clostridium botulinum toxin development during storage of modified atmosphere packaged fresh catfish fillets SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE modified atmospheres; Clostridium botulinum; catfish; trimethylamine; shelf life ID NONPROTEOLYTIC TYPE-B; CHANNEL CATFISH; TILAPIA FILLETS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GROWTH; FISH; EXTENSION; VACUUM; COUNTS; PROBABILITY AB Shelf life (onset of sensory spoilage) and potential for toxin production by Clostridium botulinum type E in retail type packages of fresh catfish fillets in high barrier film were investigated under selected atmospheres when stored under refrigeration and temperature-abuse conditions. Shelf life of fillets in all atmospheres decreased with increase of storage temperature from 4 degrees C to 16 degrees C. Trimethylamine content associated with onset of spoilage was different for each storage temperature and atmosphere. Surface pH and K-values were not good indicators of onset of sensory spoilage. Toxin development coincided with sensory spoilage at 16 degrees C storage for fillets packaged in either atmosphere. At 4 degrees C, none of the MA-packaged fillets became toxic, even after 37 days of sensory spoilage. C1 KRAFT GEN FOODS INC,CTR TECHNOL,GLENVIEW,IL 60025. LIQUID CARBON IND CORP,CTR TECH,SAN JOSE,CA 95110. US FDA,DIV MICROBIOL STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. US FDA,DIV HACCP PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP Reddy, NR (reprint author), US FDA,DIV FOOD PROC & PACKAGING,NATL CTR FOOD SAFETY & TECHNOL,6502 S ARCHER RD,SUMMIT ARGO,IL 60501, USA. NR 47 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 62 IS 4 BP 878 EP 884 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb15478.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA XT773 UT WOS:A1997XT77300053 ER PT J AU Scott, DE Agranovich, I Inman, J Gober, M Golding, B AF Scott, DE Agranovich, I Inman, J Gober, M Golding, B TI Inhibition of primary and recall allergen-specific T helper cell type 2-mediated responses by a T helper cell type 1 stimulus SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; IFN-GAMMA; IGE RESPONSES; IN-VITRO; INTERFERON-GAMMA; BRUCELLA-ABORTUS; ISOTYPE SELECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; LEISHMANIA-MAJOR; INVIVO AB Allergic responses are characterized by the production of Ag-specific IgE Abs that ape dependent upon Th2-mediated T cell help. We determined whether heat-killed Brucella abortus (BA), an inducer of Th1 responses, could influence the allergic Th2-mediated IgE response to OVA adsorbed to alum (O/A). BA plus O/A, but not O/A alone, induced high levels of mRNA for IFN-gamma and IL-12 promptly after injection. Furthermore, initial treatment with BA plus O/A rendered both BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice incapable of mounting high IgE responses even after repeated challenges with allergen alone. Long term abrogation of anti-OVA IgE correlated with an increased frequency of IFN-gamma-secreting OVA-specific cells and a decreased frequency of IL-4-secreting OVA-specific cells. Initial treatment with anti-IL-12 prevented BA-induced early IFN-gamma production and secondary IgG2a responses, but did not abrogate IgE suppression. Additionally, secondary OVA-specific IgE responses were down-regulated by BA conjugated to OVA or by BA given with O/A. BA-induced down-regulation of secondary IgE responses was associated with increased frequency of Ag-specific IFN-gamma-secreting cells. These results suggest the possibility that even recall Th2-mediated immune responses can be attenuated if Ag is given with a carrier or adjuvant that induces potent Th1-promoting cytokines. RP Scott, DE (reprint author), US FDA,DIV HEMATOL,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BLDG 29,ROOM 232,800 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 44 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 159 IS 1 BP 107 EP 116 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA XF564 UT WOS:A1997XF56400017 PM 9200445 ER PT J AU Brorson, K Brunswick, M Ezhevsky, S Wei, DSG Berg, R Scott, D Stein, KE AF Brorson, K Brunswick, M Ezhevsky, S Wei, DSG Berg, R Scott, D Stein, KE TI xid affects events leading to B cell cycle entry SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-LINKED AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA; BRUTONS TYROSINE KINASE; ANTI-IG ANTIBODIES; PROTEIN-KINASE; LYMPHOCYTES-B; G1 PHASE; RECEPTOR STIMULATION; DEFICIENT MICE; DNA-SYNTHESIS; ACTIVATION AB X-linked agammaglobulinemia patients and X-linked immunodeficient (rid) mice possess mutations in the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk kinase) gene and display defects in B cell development and activation by sig cross-linking. Btk is an early activation kinase in sig-cross-linked B cells. xid does not ablate Btk protein kinase activity, and immediate signal transduction events, such as tyrosine phosphorylation, occur in sig-activated rid B cells. These cells do not subsequently progress into cell division and have a high rate of apoptosis, which has been shown to correlate with an absence of sig-mediated induction of the bcl-x(L) protein. To establish the point where Btk activity is critical for progression beyond immediate signaling, we examined early and late events in sig-cross-linked rid B cells. Induction of proto-oncogenes and nuclear factors occurred normally in rid cells. However, induction of cyclins and increased GAPDH mRNA was not observed in rid cells. Degradation of the cyclin inhibitor p27(Kip1) occurred normally in rid cells. After 24 h of culture with anti-mu, the remaining live, nonapoptotic rid cells were enlarged, viable, and primed for subsequent stimulation by LPS. Our data suggest that the Btk kinase is not essential for several, G(1) events and that the failure of sig-activated rid B cells to enter cell cycle correlates with a defect of cyclin induction; Moreover, these data suggest that Btk is important not only for immediate events following B cell activation and control of apoptosis but also for subsequent events leading to cyclin activation. C1 AMER RED CROSS,HOLLAND LAB,DEPT IMMUNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. RP Brorson, K (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,OFF THERAPEUT RES & REVIEW,DIV MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES HFM561,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55644]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI29691] NR 60 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 159 IS 1 BP 135 EP 143 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA XF564 UT WOS:A1997XF56400020 PM 9200448 ER PT J AU Shores, E Flamand, V Tran, T Grinberg, A Kinet, JP Love, PE AF Shores, E Flamand, V Tran, T Grinberg, A Kinet, JP Love, PE TI Fc epsilon RI gamma can support T cell development and function in mice lacking endogenous TCR zeta-chain SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN RECEPTOR COMPLEX; TYROSINE KINASE SYK; TRANSGENIC MICE; NEGATIVE SELECTION; LYMPHOCYTES; EXPRESSION; CD3-ZETA; GENE; CD3-EPSILON; ACTIVATION AB Fc epsilon Rl gamma (Fc gamma) is a member of the zeta family of signal transducing molecules that function as components of both the TCR and Fc receptors (FcR). While the majority of thymocytes and T cells express TCRs containing zeta-chain homodimers, certain unique populations of T cells express TCRs that contain both zeta and Fc gamma. To examine the ability of Fc gamma to substitute for zeta-chain in T cell development and function, we introduced a transgene encoding Fc gamma into mice made genetically deficient for zeta-chain (zeta(e)(-/-)). Analysis of thymocyte development in zeta(e)(-/-);Fc gamma Tg mice demonstrated that Fc gamma was able to support the maturation of both gamma delta TCR+ and alpha beta TCR+ T cells. However, positive selection of ap TCR+ thymocytes was less efficient in zeta(e)(-/-);Fc gamma Tg mice than in zeta(e)(-/-) mice reconstituted with zeta-chain. This difference may be due to the fact that Fc gamma contains a single immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) whereas zeta-chain contains three ITAMs. Interestingly, the peripheral T cells that develop in zeta(e)(-/-) mice reconstituted with Fc gamma are functional and respond to TCR-specific stimuli. These data suggest that Fc gamma and zeta are interchangeable in their ability to mediate T cell development and function, however zeta-chain is more efficient at promoting positive selection and T cell maturation. The difference in efficiency between zeta and Fc gamma may be responsible in part for the unusual developmental and functional properties of T cells that constitutively express Fc gamma as a signaling component of their TCRs. C1 NIAID,MOL ALLERGY & IMMUNOL LAB,NIH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NICHHD,MAMMALIAN GENES & DEV LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Shores, E (reprint author), US FDA,CBER,DIV HEMATOL PROD,1401 ROCKVILLE PIKE,HFM-538,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 43 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 159 IS 1 BP 222 EP 230 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA XF564 UT WOS:A1997XF56400030 PM 9200458 ER PT J AU Kanegane, H Wakiguchi, H Kanegane, C Kurashige, T Tosato, G AF Kanegane, H Wakiguchi, H Kanegane, C Kurashige, T Tosato, G TI Viral interleukin-10 in chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MONONUCLEOSIS AB Viral interleukin-10 (IL-10), a product of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication gene BCRF1, shares extensive structural and functional similarity with the human cytokine IL-10. Both viral and human IL-10 inhibit T cell growth and interferon-gamma production, with two ELISAs, one that recognized both human and viral (total) IL-10 and the other specific for viral IL-10, IL-10 was measured in serum or plasma from 34 patients with chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) and from 15 healthy controls. Of the patients, 56% had measurable total IL-10 and 29% had measurable viral IL-10. In contrast, total IL-10 was detectable in only 2 of 15 controls and viral IL-10 was undetectable. Thus, many patients with CAEBV have abnormally high levels of circulating IL-10 that may contribute to disease pathogenesis by inhibiting host immunity. C1 FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DHP,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. KOCHI MED SCH,DEPT PEDIAT,NANKO KU,KOCHI,JAPAN. NR 15 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 176 IS 1 BP 254 EP 257 DI 10.1086/517260 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XH275 UT WOS:A1997XH27500034 PM 9207376 ER PT J AU Blauvelt, A Zaitseva, M Zoeteweij, JP Lapham, C Manischewitz, J KlausKovtun, V Golding, H AF Blauvelt, A Zaitseva, M Zoeteweij, JP Lapham, C Manischewitz, J KlausKovtun, V Golding, H TI Expression of CCR-5, but not CXCR-4, on freshly isolated Langerhans cells correlates with restricted transmission of macrophage-tropic HIV. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,DERMATOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,DIV VIRAL PROD,BETHESDA,MD 20014. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 109 IS 1 BP HB1 EP HB1 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA XF815 UT WOS:A1997XF81500024 ER PT J AU Ludden, LK Ludden, TM Collins, JM Pentikis, HS Strong, JM AF Ludden, LK Ludden, TM Collins, JM Pentikis, HS Strong, JM TI Effect of albumin on the estimation, in vitro, of phenytoin V-max and K-m values: Implications for clinical correlation SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 97th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Clinical-Pharmacology-and-Therapeutics CY MAR 20-22, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Clin Pharm & Therapeut ID HUMAN LIVER; IN-VITRO; METABOLISM; RAT; TOLBUTAMIDE; CLEARANCE; SLICES; BIOTRANSFORMATION; PHARMACOKINETICS; PREDICTION AB The effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on human liver metabolism, in vitro, of C-14-phenytoin (PHT) was studied. Michaelis Menten parameters were determined for the conversion of PHT to p-hydroxy phenytoin in seven different microsomal preparations with the addition of 0, 2, and 4% BSA. The unbound K-m (K-mu) values were 30.8 +/- 18.6, 1.57 +/- 0.21 and 1.50 +/- 0.17 mu M (mean +/- S.D.), respectively; however, there was excellent agreement among the V-max values (29.1, 31.8 and 31.5 pmol/min/mg). With intact tissue slices, BSA (4%) added to incubations of PHT had a minimal effect on the V-max values in two of the four livers studied and resulted in a mean K-mu value of 2.20 +/- 0.59 mu M, although the K-mu in the absence of BSA was 6.64 +/- 3.17. In scaling-up to the whole body, V-max values were 3.9 and 1.0 mg/kg/day for microsomes and slices, respectively, compared to 5.9 mg/kg/day, in vivo. The K-mu values determined in the presence of albumin in both microsomes and slices were similar to those based on in vivo human steady state data (K-mu = 2-3 mu M), and the intersubject variation, in vitro, was decreased in the presence of BSA. These findings for phenytoin metabolism suggest that the addition of albumin to incubation media for slices or microsome experiments may yield K-m estimates that are more representative of in vivo values. C1 US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV CLIN PHARMACOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV BIOPHARMACEUT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 24 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 282 IS 1 BP 391 EP 396 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XK159 UT WOS:A1997XK15900047 PM 9223579 ER PT J AU Abeyta, C Trost, PA Bark, DH Hunt, JM Kaysner, CA Tenge, BJ Wekell, MM AF Abeyta, C Trost, PA Bark, DH Hunt, JM Kaysner, CA Tenge, BJ Wekell, MM TI The use of bacterial membrane fractions for the detection of Campylobacter species in shellfish SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FETUS SUBSP JEJUNI; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; RECOVERY; OYSTERS; ELIMINATION; SURVIVAL; ABILITY; CLAMS; WATER AB Selected enrichment broths supplemented with the enzyme Oxyrase(R) a membrane-bound enzyme derived from E. coli were evaluated for recoveries of Campylobacter under normal atmospheric conditions from shellfish. Results indicate that Oxyrase is useful for the recovery of Campylobacter from shellfish. Effect of Oxyrase on growth of Campylobacter were dependent upon physical parameters such as media volume and surface volume area. For example, in the comparision of growth of Campylobacter sp (low to high Levels, 1 x 10(1 to 6)/mL) in various media volumes in Stomacher(R)400 closure bags and 250 mL and 500 mL screw-capped Erlenmeyer flasks, no campylobacters were recovered using the closure bags. However, all levels of Campylobacter were recovered in the Erlenmeyer flasks. Oxyrase was useful for the recovery of C. jejuni from Pacific oysters (Crossostrea gigas). In one study, Pacific shellstock oysters were allowed to take up 1 x 10(6) cells of C. jejuni per ml for a period of 5 to 7 h in an artificial seawater aquarium system. Oysters were removed and stored at 4C for 24 days. Uptake in oysters ranged from 0.4 to 114 cells/g. At intervals, oysters were removed and analyzed for C. jejuni by using the Oxyrase method and the FDA/Bacteriological Analytical Manual standard method. Comparison of these methods showed that the Oxyrase method was as reliable as the official FDA method. Oxyrase was also useful for recovering naturally occurring Campylobacter in market oyster shellstock. To measure reproducibility of the method, an in-house preliminary collaborative study was conducted in the University of Central Venezuela (Caracas). Participants consisted of 6 groups of three microbiologist each from various countries in Central and South America. All groups were successful in recovering Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli using Oxyrase. Our results indicate that Oxyrase provides microaerobic conditions for growth of Campylobacter from shellfish. C1 US FDA,SEATTLE DIST OFF,BOTHELL,WA 98041. RP Abeyta, C (reprint author), US FDA,SEAFOOD PROD RES CTR,22201 23RD DR SE,BOTHELL,WA 98041, USA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J. Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 5 IS 3 BP 223 EP 247 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.1997.tb00165.x PG 25 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA XT371 UT WOS:A1997XT37100007 ER PT J AU Bluhm, GB Sharp, JT Tilley, BC Alarcon, GS Cooper, SM Pillemer, SR Clegg, DO Heyse, SP Trentham, DE Neuner, R Kaplan, DA Leisen, JCC Buckley, L Duncan, H Tuttleman, M Li, SH Fowler, SE AF Bluhm, GB Sharp, JT Tilley, BC Alarcon, GS Cooper, SM Pillemer, SR Clegg, DO Heyse, SP Trentham, DE Neuner, R Kaplan, DA Leisen, JCC Buckley, L Duncan, H Tuttleman, M Li, SH Fowler, SE TI Radiographic results from the Minocycline in Rheumatoid Arthritis (MIRA) trial SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rheumatoid arthritis; joint radiographs; minocycline; MIRA trial ID DOUBLE-BLIND; RADIOLOGICAL PROGRESSION; DISEASE PROGRESSION; CLINICAL-TRIALS; D-PENICILLAMINE; GOLD SALTS; METHOTREXATE; AZATHIOPRINE; AURANOFIN; PLACEBO AB Objective. To assess radiographically determined disease progression in patients in the Minocycline in Rheumatoid Arthritis (MIRA) Trial. Methods. A double blind, randomized, multicenter, 48 week trial of oral minocycline (200 mg/day) or placebo in 6 clinical centers in the United States. Patients include 219 adults with active RA previously receiving limited treatment with disease modifying drugs. Posteroanterior films of the hands from baseline and finer visits, blinded for sequence, were read for erosions and joint space narrowing by trained observers. Outcomes included rate of disease progression (change/month) and percentage of patients with progression from baseline, newly involved joints, and newly erosive disease. Results. Using intent-to-treat analyses, progression rates for erosions (0.11 +/- 0.42 minocycline, 0.17 +/- 0.41 placebo; p = 0.47) and joint space narrowing (0.16 +/- 0.55 minocycline and 0.23 +/- 0.71 place bo; p = 0.14) were similar. (Power 43% to detect a 50% difference.) Newly erosive joints occurred more frequently in the placebo group (44 vs 32%; p = 0.08), not a statistically significant difference. Conclusion. Radiographic measurement of disease progression using 4 measures failed to show a significant difference between minocycline and placebo treatment, although for all methods there was a trend toward treatment benefit, consistent with reported clinical results. A one year trial duration, high measurement variability, and slow rate of radiographic progression in this cohort may explain the low power to detect a treatment effect. The measurement that denoted ''newly involved'' joints was most sensitive in detecting change. In future trials longer term assessment (minimum 2 years) of radiographic changes and further comparison of measures of disease progression are warranted. C1 TIFTON MED CLIN,TIFTON,GA. HENRY FORD HLTH SCI CTR,DETROIT,MI. UNIV ALABAMA,BIRMINGHAM,AL. UNIV VERMONT,BURLINGTON,VT. NIAMSD,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV UTAH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892. BETH ISRAEL HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02215. US FDA,DIV ANTIINFLAMMATORY ANALGES & OPHTHALM DRUG PROD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. SUNY DOWNSTATE MED CTR,BROOKLYN,NY. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,DIV GEN MED,RICHMOND,VA 23298. RP Bluhm, GB (reprint author), HENRY FORD HOSP,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV RHEUMATOL,2799 W GRAND BLVD,DETROIT,MI 48202, USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [N01-AR-1-2203, N01-AR-1-2202, N01-AR-1-2205] NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1295 EP 1302 PG 8 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA XJ666 UT WOS:A1997XJ66600013 PM 9228128 ER PT J AU Wear, KA Wagner, RF Brown, DG Insana, MF AF Wear, KA Wagner, RF Brown, DG Insana, MF TI Statistical properties of estimates of signal-to-noise ratio and number of scatterers per resolution cell SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ULTRASOUND; SPECKLE; DENSITY; FREQUENCY; SCANS AB Elementary theory underlying the relationship between the number of scatterers per resolution cell (N) and echo intensity signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is reviewed. A relationship between the probability density functions for estimates of N and SNR2 is derived. This relationship is validated using a computer simulation Phantom and in vitro experiments are described. In one set of experiments on phantoms, empirical distributions of estimates of N and SNR2 are measured and compared to theoretical predictions. The utility of SNR2 for discrimination of phantoms with different values for N is assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. In another set of experiments, the frequency dependence of the SNR2 estimate is investigated for a two-component phantom and for excised dog kidney. It is shown that the frequency dependence of the SNR can help to identify the presence of two or more scattering components that are spatially mixed. With regard to kidney data, measurements performed both parallel and perpendicular to the predominant nephron orientation are reported. The observed anisotropy is compared to the anisotropy of backscatter coefficient encountered in previous investigations. C1 UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,KANSAS CITY,KS 66160. RP Wear, KA (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,12720 TWINBROOK PKWY,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK43007] NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 102 IS 1 BP 635 EP 641 DI 10.1121/1.419738 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA XL752 UT WOS:A1997XL75200067 PM 9228823 ER PT J AU Kraeling, MEK Bronaugh, RL AF Kraeling, MEK Bronaugh, RL TI In vitro percutaneous absorption of alpha hydroxy acids in human skin SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society-of-Cosmetic-Chemists CY DEC 12-13, 1996 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Soc Cosmet Chemists AB Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are used in many cosmetic products as exfoliants, moisturizers, and emollients. The activity of AHAs on skin is likely influenced by their ability to be absorbed into the different layers of skin. The absorption of a homologous series of AHAs was measured through human skin by using in vitro diffusion cell techniques. The [C-14] radiolabeled compounds were applied to the skin in an oil-in-water emulsion vehicle. The absorption of the AHAs was measured at pH 3.0, to simulate the pH of the most acidic cosmetic formulations, and at pH 7.0, to observe the effect of complete ionization of AHAs on skin penetration. Much greater absorption of the AHAs was seen at pH 3.0. We also observed substantial absorption into the various skin layers (stratum corneum, viable epidermis and dermis) as well as the receptor fluid. Total absorption of glycolic acid and lactic acid was similar (27-30%). Absorption of the longer-chain AHAs decreased to 21.0% and 19.3%, for 2-hydroxyoctanoic and 2-hydroxydecanoic acids, respectively. Ar the end of the 24-h studies, these longer-chain AHAs did not form a depot in the skin. The stratum corneum was shown to have a pH gradient with an average pH near 7 at the viable epidermal layer. Therefore, the AHAs ionize to polar molecules as they enter and diffuse through the stratum corneum. C1 US FDA, Off Cosmet & Colors, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Kraeling, MEK (reprint author), US FDA, Off Cosmet & Colors, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 9 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC COSMETIC CHEMISTS PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, SUITE 2400, NEW YORK, NY 10005-4088 USA SN 0037-9832 J9 J SOC COSMET CHEM JI J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 48 IS 4 BP 187 EP 197 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Dermatology SC Chemistry; Dermatology GA ZD337 UT WOS:000072675100003 ER PT J AU Maudru, T Peden, K AF Maudru, T Peden, K TI Elimination of background signals in a modified polymerase chain reaction-based reverse transcriptase assay SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE reverse transcriptase assay; polymerase chain reaction; retrovirus delection ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RNA; DNA AB Three highly sensitive reverse transcriptase (RT) assays were recently published that are at least one million times more sensitive than conventional RT assays. These assays derive their high sensitivities through the ability to amplify the complementary DNA (cDNA) product of the RT reaction by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We describe a modified PCR-based RT (PERT) assay that retains the high sensitivities of the original assays while reducing their inherent background signals. The background signal of the PERT assay was found to be due to an intrinsic RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of the Tag DNA polymerase, the enzyme used for the PCR. It could be eliminated by inserting a ribonuclease digestion step prior to amplifying the cDNA product of the RT reaction by PCR and by using a thermostable DNA polymerase identified as having reduced RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. Comparable results were obtained using three RNA templates with two purified RT enzymes. This modified assay is capable of detecting reliably between 10 and 100 molecules of RT, which is equivalent to between 1 and 10 retrovirus particles. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,LAB RETROVIRUS RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUL PY 1997 VL 66 IS 2 BP 247 EP 261 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(97)00067-0 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA XL330 UT WOS:A1997XL33000010 PM 9255736 ER PT J AU Polo, S Ketner, G Levis, R Falgout, B AF Polo, S Ketner, G Levis, R Falgout, B TI Infectious RNA transcripts from full-length dengue virus type 2 cDNA clones made in yeast SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GUINEA-C-STRAIN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SEQUENCE; REPLICATION; EXPRESSION; VECTORS AB The dengue virus type 2 genomic RNA was amplified by reverse transcription-PCR and cloned as four cDNA fragments, We could not assemble these four fragments into full-length cDNA in Escherichia coli. The full-length dengue virus cDNA was constructed by homologous recombination in yeast, tither as part of a yeast artificial chromosome or in a yeast-E. coli shuttle vector, Full-length cDNA clones were propagated once in E. coli to prepare useful quantities of DNA. In vitro transcription of these clones produced full-length RNA transcripts. Introduction of these transcripts into LLC-MK2 cells produced typical dengue infection, as judged by cytopathic effects and indirect immunofluorescence. Infectivity was sensitive to RNase digestion and was dependent on the presence of cap analog in the transcription reaction mixture. Virus in the medium was passaged on C6-36 cells to produce stocks, and these storks had titers and plaque morphologies similar to those of the parental dengue virus type 2, Intracellular dengue virus RNA from cells infected with transcripts virus contained an introduced BstEII site, proving that infectivity was derived ft om RNA transcripts and not from contamination with parental dengue virus, Transcript-derived virus was comparable Co dengue virus type 2 for growth and protein expression in tissue culture cells, Sequence analysis of the dengue virus cDNA in one fall-length clone revealed only one unexpected silent mutation. By using yeast technology, it will be easy to introduce specific mutations into the dengue virus cDNA, allowing analysis of the virus phenotype in cells transfected with mutant transcripts. C1 US FDA,CBER,LAB VECTOR BORNE VIRAL DIS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT MOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BALTIMORE,MD. NR 29 TC 93 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 71 IS 7 BP 5366 EP 5374 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA XD829 UT WOS:A1997XD82900059 PM 9188607 ER PT J AU Pipkin, JL Hinson, WG James, SJ LynCook, LE Duffy, PH Feuers, RJ Shaddock, JG Aly, KB Hart, RW Casciano, DA AF Pipkin, JL Hinson, WG James, SJ LynCook, LE Duffy, PH Feuers, RJ Shaddock, JG Aly, KB Hart, RW Casciano, DA TI p53 synthesis and phosphorylation in the aging diet-restricted rat following retinoic acid administration SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE p53; synthesis; phosphorylation; aging rats; diet restriction; retinoic acid ID LARGE-T-ANTIGEN; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN; CELL-CYCLE REGULATION; WILD-TYPE P53; CALORIC RESTRICTION; STRESS PROTEINS; NUCLEAR-PROTEIN; DEPENDENT KINASE; APOPTOSIS AB Multiple doses of retinoic acid (RA) were administered intraperitoneally to three groups of male Fischer 344 rats over a 36 h period. The p53 isoforms from bone marrow nuclei in these three groups of rats were analyzed over time by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and fluorography for the incorporation of [S-35]methionine (p53-synthesis) and [P-32]phosphate (p53-phosphorylation). Two groups of rats, young (3.5 months) ad libitum (Y/AL) and old (28 months) ad libitum (O/AL), had free access to Purina rat chow; a third group of old (28 months) diet-restricted rats (O/DR) were maintained on a restricted caloric intake (60% of the AL diet) from 3 months of age. After 36 h of RA dosing, the PAGE patterns of p53 synthesis and phosphorylation in Y/AL and O/DR rats were very similar. In both groups, an increase in complexity was observed with labeling of additional isotypes possessing more acidic isoelectric values. In contrast, the O/AL animals showed a pattern of p53 isoform synthesis and phosphorylation that was considerably less complex and lacked the pronounced shift to more acidic forms following RA dosing. The p53 isoforms of O/AL rats as recognized by wild type (wt) Pab 246 antibody, were also much less dramatic in their increase to more acidic forms. Two-dimensional phospho-tryptic maps of Y/AL and ODR rats were also very similar, both exhibiting two additional minor P-32-labeled fragments after RA dosing. The maps of O/AL rats did not show the two additional fragments following RA administration. After RA dosing, cyclin protein inhibitors (p16, p21, p27) revealed robust labeling with their respective antibodies in Y/AL and O/DR rats as analyzed by Western blotting. The O/AL animals showed marginally detectable antibody recognition of the cyclin inhibitors after RA dosing. Taken together, these data suggest that the biosynthesis and phosphorylation of p53 isoforms and the expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor proteins is not significantly different between Y/AL and O/DR rats. Further, these results confirm and extend our previous observations that chronic diet-restriction attenuates the age related decline in the metabolic activity of nuclear protein products. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. RP Pipkin, JL (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV GENET TOXICOL,3900 NCTR DR,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 82 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing. Dev. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 97 IS 1 BP 15 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S0047-6374(97)01896-4 PG 20 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA XF712 UT WOS:A1997XF71200003 PM 9223123 ER PT J AU Stancato, LF Sakatsume, M David, M Dent, P Dong, F Petricoin, EF Krolewski, JJ Silvennoinen, O Saharinen, P Pierce, J Marshall, CJ Sturgill, T Finbloom, DS Larner, AC AF Stancato, LF Sakatsume, M David, M Dent, P Dong, F Petricoin, EF Krolewski, JJ Silvennoinen, O Saharinen, P Pierce, J Marshall, CJ Sturgill, T Finbloom, DS Larner, AC TI Beta interferon and oncostatin M activate Raf-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase through a Jak1-dependent pathway SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GAMMA-INTERFERON; IN-VITRO; RAS; GENE; TRANSCRIPTION; ALPHA/BETA; COMPONENTS; PROMOTER AB Activation of early response genes by interferons (IFNs) and other cytokines requires tyrosine phosphorylation of a family of transcription factors termed signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stats), The Janus family of tyrosine kinases (Jak1, Jak2, Jak3, and Tyk2) is required for cytokine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and dimerization of the Stat proteins, In order for IFNs to stimulate maximal expression of Stat1 alpha-regulated genes, phosphorylation of a serine residue in the carboxy terminus by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is also required, In HeLa cells, both IFN-beta and oncostatin M (OSM) stimulated MAPK and Raf-l enzyme activity, in addition to Stat1 and Stat3 tyrosine phosphorylation, OSM stimulation of Raf-l correlated with GTP loading of Ras, whereas IFN-beta activation of Raf-l was Ras independent, IFN-beta- and OSM-induced Raf-l activity could be coimmunoprecipitated with either Jak1 or Tyk2. Furthermore, HeLa cells lacking Jak1 displayed no activation of STAT1 alpha, STAT3, and Raf-l by IFN-beta or OSM and also demonstrated no increase in the relative level of GTP-bound p21(ras) in response to OSM, The requirement for Jak1 for IFN-beta- and OSM-induced activation of Raf-l was also seen in Jak1-deficient U4A fibrosarcoma cells, Interestingly, basal MAPK, but not Raf-l, activity was constitutively enhanced in Jak1-deficient HeLa cells, Transient expression of Jak1 in both Jak-deficient HeLa cells and U4A cells reconstituted the ability of IFN-beta and OSM to activate Raf-l and decreased the basal activity of MAPK, while expression of a kinase-inactive form of the protein showed no effect. Moreover, U4A cells selected for stable expression of Jak1, or COS cells transiently expressing Jak1 or Tyk2 but not Jak3, exhibited enhanced Raf-l activity, Therefore, it appears that Jak1 is required for Raf-l activation by both IFN-beta and OSM. These results provide evidence for a link between the Jaks and the Raf/MAPK signaling pathways. C1 CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CYTOKINE BIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NCI,CELLULAR & MOL BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,MASSEY CANC CTR,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,RICHMOND,VA 23298. COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT PATHOL,NEW YORK,NY 10032. TAMPERE UNIV,INST MED TECHNOL,FIN-33101 TAMPERE,FINLAND. CANC RES INST,CHESTER BEATTY LABS,LONDON,ENGLAND. HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908. RI Saharinen, Pipsa/C-9601-2016 OI Saharinen, Pipsa/0000-0003-2652-0584 NR 33 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 17 IS 7 BP 3833 EP 3840 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA XF220 UT WOS:A1997XF22000036 PM 9199317 ER PT J AU Berlin, CM MayMcCarver, DG Notterman, DA Ward, RM Weismann, DN Wilson, GS Wilson, JT Bennett, DR Hoskins, IA Kaufman, P Mithani, S Mulinare, J Troendle, G March, J Yaffe, SJ Szefler, SJ Cote, CJ Karl, HW AF Berlin, CM MayMcCarver, DG Notterman, DA Ward, RM Weismann, DN Wilson, GS Wilson, JT Bennett, DR Hoskins, IA Kaufman, P Mithani, S Mulinare, J Troendle, G March, J Yaffe, SJ Szefler, SJ Cote, CJ Karl, HW TI Alternative routes of drug administration - Advantages and disadvantages (subject review) SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review ID TRANSMUCOSAL FENTANYL CITRATE; LIDOCAINE-PRILOCAINE CREAM; LOCAL-ANESTHETICS EMLA; TRANSDERMAL FENTANYL; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; NASAL CAVITY; PREANESTHETIC MEDICATION; INTRANASAL MIDAZOLAM AB During the past 20 years, advances in drug formulations and innovative routes of administration have been made. Our understanding of drug transport across tissues has increased. These changes have often resulted in improved patient adherence to the therapeutic regimen and pharmacologic response. The administration of drugs by transdermal or transmucosal routes offers the advantage of being relatively painless.(1,2) Also, the potential for greater flexibility in a variety of clinical situations exists, often precluding the need to establish intravenous access, which is a particular benefit for children. This statement focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of alternative routes of drug administration. Issues of particular importance in the care of pediatric patients, especially factors that could lead to drug-related toxicity or adverse responses, are emphasized. C1 AMER MED ASSOC,US PHARMACOPEIA,CHICAGO,IL 60610. AMER COLL OBSTETRICIANS & GYNECOLOGISTS,WASHINGTON,DC 20024. PHARMACEUT RES & MANUFACTURERS ASSOC AMER,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. HLTH PROTECT BRANCH,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. AMER ACAD CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,WASHINGTON,DC. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 160 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1997 VL 100 IS 1 BP 143 EP 152 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XJ181 UT WOS:A1997XJ18100035 ER PT J AU Grigg, BC Assaf, NA Turco, RF AF Grigg, BC Assaf, NA Turco, RF TI Removal of atrazine contamination in soil and liquid systems using bioaugmentation SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atrazine; biodegradation; bioaugmentation; mixed culture ID HERBICIDE ATRAZINE; DEGRADATION; MINERALIZATION; BIODEGRADATION; PSEUDOMONAS; SORPTION; MOISTURE; TEMPERATURE; CARBOFURAN AB Reported levels of atrazine in soils at pesticide mix-load sites can vary between 7.9 x 10(-5) mM and 1.9 mM. We report on a mixed microbial culture, capable of degrading concentrations of atrazine in excess of 1.9 mM. At initial concentrations of 0.046 M and 0.23 M, the mixed population degraded 78% and 21% of atrazine in soil (100 days), respectively. At the same initial concentrations in liquid cultures, 90% and 56% of the atrazine was degraded (80 days), respectively. Decreased degradation in soil samples may have resulted from atrazine sorption to soil surfaces or decreased contact between the population and the herbicide. In the 0.23 M system, we attribute incomplete degradation to phosphorous depletion. Data for carbon dioxide evolution was fitted to a three-half-order regression model, but we feel that there are limitations of the application of this model to atrazine degradation. The population uses the herbicide as a nitrogen source and little carbon is incorporated into biomass, as the energy status of carbons in the ring leads to their direct evolution as [C-14]carbon dioxide. This situation contributes to an evolution pattern that, when fitted to the three-half-order model, results in underestimation of the biomass produced. Data from our study suggest that our mixed culture could be used for bioremediation of atrazine at concentrations up to and exceeding those currently reported for agrochemical mixing-loading facilities. C1 PURDUE UNIV, DEPT AGRON, SOIL MICROBIOL LAB, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. US FDA, NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, DIV MICROBIOL, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. RI Turco, Ronald/B-8739-2008 OI Turco, Ronald/0000-0002-1794-1486 NR 42 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 50 IS 3 BP 211 EP 220 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9063(199707)50:3<211::AID-PS582>3.0.CO;2-0 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA XK044 UT WOS:A1997XK04400006 ER PT J AU VanBuskirk, GA Gonzalez, MA Shah, WP Barnhardt, S Barrett, C Berge, S Cleary, G Chan, K Flynn, G Foster, T Gale, R Garrison, R Gochnour, S Gotto, A Govil, S Gray, VA Hammar, J Harder, S Hoiberg, C Hussain, A Karp, C Llanos, H Mantelle, J Noonan, P Swanson, D Zerbe, H AF VanBuskirk, GA Gonzalez, MA Shah, WP Barnhardt, S Barrett, C Berge, S Cleary, G Chan, K Flynn, G Foster, T Gale, R Garrison, R Gochnour, S Gotto, A Govil, S Gray, VA Hammar, J Harder, S Hoiberg, C Hussain, A Karp, C Llanos, H Mantelle, J Noonan, P Swanson, D Zerbe, H TI Scale-up of adhesive transdermal drug delivery systems SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE SUPAC; adhesive transdermal systems; scale-up; post approval changes C1 PKINET INC,MIAMI,FL. US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. HERCON LAB CORP,EMIGSVILLE,PA. ELAN CORP,ATHLONE,IRELAND. 3M PHARMACEUT,ST PAUL,MN. CYGNUS INC,REDWOOD CITY,CA. UNIV MARYLAND,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV KENTUCKY,LEXINGTON,KY. ALZA CORP,PALO ALTO,CA. NOVA PHARMACEUT CORP,SUFFERN,NY. THERATEC INC,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. BERTEK INC,ST ALBANS,VT. USP,ROCKVILLE,MD. US FDA,OFF PHARMACEUT SCI,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. SCHERING LABS,MIAMI LAKES,FL. NOVEN PHARMACEUT,MIAMI,FL. PHARMACO INT,RICHMOND,VA. LOHMANN THERAPEUT SYST,W CALDWELL,NJ. RP VanBuskirk, GA (reprint author), NOVA PHARMACEUT CORP,59 ROUTE 10,E HANOVER,NJ 07936, USA. NR 1 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0724-8741 J9 PHARMACEUT RES JI Pharm. Res. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 14 IS 7 BP 848 EP 852 DI 10.1023/A:1012135430056 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XM976 UT WOS:A1997XM97600005 PM 9244139 ER PT J AU Meyer, CC Calis, KA Burke, LB Walawander, CA Grasela, TH AF Meyer, CC Calis, KA Burke, LB Walawander, CA Grasela, TH TI Symptomatic cardiotoxicity associated with 5-fluorouracil SO PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ELUSIVE CARDIOPATHY; 5-FU CARDIOTOXICITY; FLUOROURACIL; CHEMOTHERAPY; INFUSION; CISPLATIN AB A prospective cohort study was conducted in 35 hospitals with oncology units to determine the incidence of symptomatic cardiotoxicity in patients receiving continuous infusions of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and to identify risk factors that could contribute to the development of 5-FU-associated cardiotoxicity. A sample of 483 patients [197 (41%) women, overall average age +/- SD 60.9 +/- 11.9 yrs] were followed for one cycle of 5-FU infusion. Thirty-eight (7.9%) patients had abrupt termination of the infusion. There were 9 (1.9%) cases of suspected or documented cardiotoxic events. Cardiotoxicity occurred in 7 (3.35%) of 209 patients receiving their first course of 5-FU and in 2 (0.73%) other patients (p = 0.044). Based on univariate analysis, the following patient groups were at elevated risk of cardiotoxicity: those with preexisting cardiac disease (RR = 6.83, p = 0.0023); patients receiving calcium channel blockers (RR = 4.75, p = 0.014); those receiving nitrates (RR = 9.18, p = 0.007); and patients receiving concomitant etoposide (RR = 10.32, p = 0.022). Patients with underlying cardiac disease require close monitoring while receiving continuous infusions of 5-FU. They should be observed for signs and symptoms of cardiotoxicity, and vital signs should be measured frequently. Continued reporting of 5-FU-associated cardiotoxicity is necessary to identify other patients at risk. C1 PHARMACEUT OUTCOMES RES INC,WILLIAMSVILLE,NY 14221. UNIV MISSOURI,DIV PHARM PRACTICE,DRUG INFORMAT CTR,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110. NIH,DRUG INFORMAT SERV,DEPT PHARM,WARREN G MAGNUSON CLIN CTR,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. SUNY BUFFALO,DEPT PHARM PRACTICE,CTR PHARMACOEPIDEMIOL RES,BUFFALO,NY 14260. NR 31 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU PHARMACOTHERAPY PUBLICATIONS INC PI BOSTON PA NEW ENGLAND MEDICAL CENTER BOX 806 171 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 SN 0277-0008 J9 PHARMACOTHERAPY JI Pharmacotherapy PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 17 IS 4 BP 729 EP 736 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XM258 UT WOS:A1997XM25800009 PM 9250550 ER PT J AU Semba, RD Akib, A Beeler, J Munasir, Z Permaesih, D Muherdiyantiningsih Komala Martuti, S Muhilal AF Semba, RD Akib, A Beeler, J Munasir, Z Permaesih, D Muherdiyantiningsih Komala Martuti, S Muhilal TI Effect of vitamin A supplementation on measles vaccination in nine-month-old infants SO PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE vitamin A; retinol; measles; vaccination; Indonesia AB Objective: Childhood immunization programs have been suggested as an infrastructure to deliver vitamin A supplements to children in developing countries. The effects of giving vitamin A, a potent immune enhancer, with measles immunization to nine-month-old infants is unknown. Methods: A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial of vitamin A, 100000IU at the time of standard titer Schwarz measles immunization was conducted with nine-month-old infants in Bogor District, West Java, Indonesia. Antibody titers to measles were measured at baseline and one and six months following immunization. Results: 394 infants received measles immunization, and 37 infants (9.4%) had baseline antibody titers > 1:120, which is consistent with previous natural measles infection. Of the remaining infants, 98.8% seroconverted to measles, and 99.3% had titers consistent with protection against measles six months postimmunization. Seroconversion rates were similar in vitamin A and placebo treatment groups. Conclusion: High dose vitamin A supplementation can be given without reducing seroconversion to standard titer Schwarz measles immunization in nine-month-old infants. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. UNIV INDONESIA,DEPT CHILD HLTH,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. US FDA,DIV VIRAL PROD,BETHESDA,MD 20014. MINIST HLTH,NUTR RES & DEV CTR,BOGOR,INDONESIA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI35143]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD30042] NR 8 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0033-3506 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH JI Public Health PD JUL PY 1997 VL 111 IS 4 BP 245 EP 247 DI 10.1038/sj.ph.1900366 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XM750 UT WOS:A1997XM75000010 PM 9242038 ER PT J AU Rashid, MM Bagchi, A AF Rashid, MM Bagchi, A TI Robust analysis of one-way repeated measures designs with multiple replications per cell SO STATISTICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE asymptotic linearity; dispersion function; multiple comparisons; R-estimates ID RANK-BASED ANALYSIS; BLOCK-DESIGNS; MIXED MODEL AB We develop a robust inference for one-way repeated measures designs with multiple replications per cell assuming exchangeability of the errors within each subject. R-estimators of the treatment effects are obtained by minimizing a dispersion function. We develop asymptotically equivalent test procedures based on drop in dispersion, and two quadratics which depend on R-estimates and the gradient vector. Multiple comparison procedures are developed based on the R-estimators. Test results based on a baseball data set concerning three different base running methods are presented and compared with normal theory and Friedman rank sum techniques. Asymptotic relative efficiencies of the rank tests, with respect to the normal-theory counterpart, are discussed. Comparisons with alternative robust tests are also discussed. A small scale simulation study is conducted to investigate the small sample behavior of the rank-based tests. C1 US FDA, DIV BIOMETR 3, HFD 720, CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. WORCESTER POLYTECH INST, DEPT MATH SCI, WORCESTER, MA 01609 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU STATISTICA SINICA PI TAIPEI PA C/O DR H C HO, INST STATISTICAL SCIENCE, ACADEMIA SINICA, TAIPEI 115, TAIWAN SN 1017-0405 EI 1996-8507 J9 STAT SINICA JI Stat. Sin. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 7 IS 3 BP 647 EP 667 PG 21 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA XQ630 UT WOS:A1997XQ63000006 ER PT J AU Carrington, CD Cramer, GM Bolger, PM AF Carrington, CD Cramer, GM Bolger, PM TI A risk assessment for methylmercury in tuna SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE methylmercury; tuna; risk assessment ID METHYL MERCURY; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD; FISH; HAIR AB An analysis of the risk of a developmental delay or neurological impairment in children as a result of exposure to MeHg from tuna consumption was conducted. Data used as a basis for the analyses were obtained from surveys of tuna intake, MeHg concentrations in tuna, MeHg levels in the blood of pregnant women, individual relationships between dietary intake and blood levels, individual relationships between blood levels and hair levels, and individual relationships between hair levels and indices of behavioral and neurological performance. Causal or associational relationships, population variability, and uncertainty were modeled for the six data sets. Two predictive models were constructed using the model components. The first was designed to predict the risk of a delay in the onset of talking in a child of a mother who frequently consumes tuna (90 g-day(-1)). This model uses a one-dimensional Monte-Carlo simulation to assimilate the uncertainties. An average delay of 3-4 days was estimated. The second model was designed to compare the impact of several regulatory options on the risk among the population of tuna-eaters using a scale of central nervous system dysfunction expressly constructed for the assessment. A two-dimensional Monte-Carlo simulation was used to assimilate the distributional components describing population variability and uncertainty. RP Carrington, CD (reprint author), US FDA,200 C ST SW,HFS-308,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 97 IS 3-4 BP 273 EP 283 DI 10.1023/A:1018367225334 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA XP363 UT WOS:A1997XP36300010 ER PT J AU McShane, LM Meier, KL Wassermann, EM AF McShane, LM Meier, KL Wassermann, EM TI A comparison of spatial prediction techniques for an exploratory analysis of human cortical motor representations SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BAYESIAN CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; CROSS-VALIDATION; SPLINES; CORTEX AB We compare the use of two-dimensional Laplacian smoothing splines and median polish kriging for an exploratory analysis of spatial data sets. Splines were developed originally for modelling a process with determinstic mean structure, while median polish kriging was developed for predicting a spatial random process. We review the fundamentals of both methods, including smoothing parameter selection for splines and variogram estimation and solving the kriging equations for median polish kriging. We demonstrate application of the methods on maps of muscle representations on the human motor cortex (cortical maps). After applying both methods to 20 cortical maps (left and right hemispheres on each of 10 subjects), we compare the fitted surfaces on the basis of predictive ability, aesthetic appeal, and ease of computation. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US FDA,DIV BIOSTAT,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NINCDS,MED NEUROL BRANCH,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP McShane, LM (reprint author), NCI,BIOMETR RES BRANCH,CTEP,DCTDC,EXECUT PL N,ROOM 739,6130 EXECUT BLVD,MSC 7434,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD JUN 30 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1337 EP 1355 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19970630)16:12<1337::AID-SIM564>3.0.CO;2-W PG 19 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA XH512 UT WOS:A1997XH51200003 PM 9232757 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, SG Warbritton, A Bucci, TJ Mehendale, HM AF Kulkarni, SG Warbritton, A Bucci, TJ Mehendale, HM TI Antimitotic intervention with colchicine alters the outcome of o-DCB-induced hepatotoxicity in Fischer 344 rats SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 1,2-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB); colchicine; antimitosis; tissue repair; ultimate outcome of toxicity ID HEPATOCELLULAR REGENERATION; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; CCL4 AUTOPROTECTION; PRETREATED RATS; CHLORDECONE; LETHALITY; TOXICITY; THIOACETAMIDE; POTENTIATION; GERBILS AB Although, hepatotoxic injury of 1,2-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) is greater in Fischer 344 (F344) as compared to Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats, this interstrain difference does not transcend into any difference in lethal effects of o-DCB. Interstrain difference in compensatory tissue repair has been suggested as the underlying mechanism for the lack of strain differences in lethality (S.G. Kulkarni, H. Duong, R. Gomila, and H.M. Mehendale, Strain differences in tissue repair response to 1,2-dichlorobenzene. Archives of Toxicology 1996; 70: 714-723). If higher tissue repair in F344 rats compensates for more severe liver injury, then antimitotic intervention after infliction of o-DCB-induced liver injury should lead to lethality in F344 rats. Colchicine (CLC, 1 mg/kg) functions as an effective antimitotic agent and does not cause any side effects apart from suppressing cellular proliferation. Two groups of male F344 rats (160-190 g) received a single dose of 0.6 ml o-DCB/kg: 30 h later one group of rats received CLC (1 mg/kg; i.p.) and the other received distilled water (1 ml/kg; i.p.). Liver injury was assessed by measuring plasma ALT and SDH activity, liver histopathology, and liver regeneration was estimated by [H-3]thymidine incorporation into hepatonuclear DNA and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) assay in both groups. Similar liver injury was noted in both the o-DCB + vehicle and o-DCB + CLC treated F344 rats at 36 h indicating that CLC does not interfere with the uptake, bioactivation and causation of injury by o-DCB. S-phase synthesis which occurred at 36 h in the o-DCB + vehicle group was blocked in the o-DCB + CLC group. CLC administration 6 h prior to S-phase stimulation selectively abolished S-phase stimulation at 36 h, and led to 50% lethality. Since the effect of CLC antimitosis was transient, S-phase synthesis occurring at 48 h was not blocked and was sustained up to 72 h thereby allowing the other 50% of rats to overcome liver injury induced by o-DCB and survive the lethal outcome. These findings suggest that a significantly higher rate of compensatory tissue repair in F344 rats enables them to overcome more severe liver injury inflicted by o-DCB. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 NE LOUISIANA UNIV,DIV TOXICOL,COLL PHARM & HLTH SCI,MONROE,LA 71209. PATHOL ASSOC INC,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUN 27 PY 1997 VL 120 IS 2 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(97)03627-5 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA XC714 UT WOS:A1997XC71400001 PM 9184194 ER PT J AU Epstein, S Miller, F AF Epstein, S Miller, F TI What's in a name? SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter RP Epstein, S (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,OFF THERAPEUT RES & REV,BLDG 29B,ROOMS 2G11 & 2G15,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 MARKET ST SUITE 450, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD JUN 23 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 13 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XE892 UT WOS:A1997XE89200009 ER PT J AU Markoff, L Falgout, B Chang, A AF Markoff, L Falgout, B Chang, A TI A conserved internal hydrophobic domain mediates the stable membrane integration of the dengue virus capsid protein SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; WEST NILE VIRUS; POSITIVELY CHARGED RESIDUES; PARTIAL NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VIRAL NS2B-NS3 PROTEASE; NON-STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; SIGNAL PEPTIDE; TICK-BORNE; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS AB The mature flavivirus capsid protein (virion C) is commonly thought to be free in the cytoplasm of infected cells and to form a nucleocapsid-like complex with genomic RNA in mature Virus particles. There is little sequence conservation among flavivirus virion C proteins, but they are similar in size (e.g., 99 amino acids [aa] for the dengue-4 [DEN4] C) and in bearing a net positive charge. In addition, we noted that C contained a conserved internal hydrophobic segment (spanning aa 45-65 in the DEN4 C). Results of in vivo expression and in vitro translation of wt and mutant forms of the DEN4 Virion C demonstrated that the conserved internal hydrophobic segment in the DEN C functioned as a membrane anchor domain. Signal peptide function of this segment was also suggested by its requirement for the entry of C into membranes. Virion C was integrated in membranes in a ''hairpin'' conformation; positively charged segments amino- and carboxy-terminal to the hydrophobic signal-anchor segment were accessible to protease digestion in the ''cytoplasm.'' The net positive charge in the amino-terminal extramembraneous portion of C (aa 1-44) was one determinant of the hairpin membrane orientation; a conserved positively charged residue within the hydrophobic segment (Arg-54 in the DEN4 C) was not. (C) 1997 Academic Press. RP Markoff, L (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIRAL PROD,LAB VECTOR BORNE VIRUS DIS,8800 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 50 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 4 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 23 PY 1997 VL 233 IS 1 BP 105 EP 117 DI 10.1006/viro.1997.8608 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA XH362 UT WOS:A1997XH36200010 PM 9201220 ER PT J AU Carlin, A Simmons, J AF Carlin, A Simmons, J TI Assay for valproic acid and its E-Delta(2) metabolite in rat plasma by capillary gas chromatography without prior derivatization SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B LA English DT Article DE valproic acid ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SERUM; ESTER; BLOOD AB A new and improved gas chromatographic assay method for valproic acid and a metabolite, E-Delta(2) valproic acid, in rat plasma has been developed. The assay has sufficient sensitivity to measure free levels of the parent drug and metabolite. By employing a Stabilwax-DA capillary column, symmetrical chromatographic peaks were obtained without the need for prior derivatization. Standard curves for valproic acid were linear from 0.1 to 640 mu g/ml. Standard curves for the metabolite were linear from 0.1 to 556 mu g/ml. C1 US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,OFF GENER DRUGS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. RP Carlin, A (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,OFF CLIN PHARMACOL & BIOPHARMACEUT,BIOPHARMACEUT RES BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JUN 20 PY 1997 VL 694 IS 1 BP 115 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00110-2 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA XJ196 UT WOS:A1997XJ19600013 PM 9234854 ER PT J AU Marwick, C Harlan, WR Abernethy, D Temple, R AF Marwick, C Harlan, WR Abernethy, D Temple, R TI Clinical trial investigators talk about getting the data - Discussion SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,CLIN RES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC. US FDA,OFF DRUG EVALUAT 1,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 18 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 23 BP 1833 EP 1836 DI 10.1001/jama.277.23.1833 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XD544 UT WOS:A1997XD54400006 PM 9185788 ER PT J AU Jacquette, G Guido, F Jacobs, J Smith, P Alder, D AF Jacquette, G Guido, F Jacobs, J Smith, P Alder, D TI Outbreaks of cyclosporiasis - United States, 1997 - Update (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 461-462, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12237. US FDA,OFF REGULATORY AFFAIRS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CDC,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 18 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 23 BP 1838 EP 1838 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XD544 UT WOS:A1997XD54400007 ER PT J AU Sakai, C Ollmann, M Kobayashi, T AbdelMalek, Z Muller, J Vieira, WD Imokawa, G Barsh, GS Hearing, VJ AF Sakai, C Ollmann, M Kobayashi, T AbdelMalek, Z Muller, J Vieira, WD Imokawa, G Barsh, GS Hearing, VJ TI Modulation of murine melanocyte function in vitro by agouti signal protein SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE agouti; melanogenesis; pheomelanin; pigmentation; tyrosinase ID STIMULATING-HORMONE-RECEPTOR; YELLOW A(Y) MUTATION; COAT-COLOR MUTANTS; MELANIN BIOSYNTHESIS; GENE; TYROSINASE; EXPRESSION; MICE; PHEOMELANIN; EUMELANIN AB Molecular and biochemical mechanisms that snitch melanocytes between the production of eumelanin or pheomelanin involve the opposing action of two intercellular signaling molecules, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and agouti signal protein (ASP). In this study, we have characterized the physiological effects of ASP an eumelanogenic melanocytes in culture. Following exposure of black melan-a murine melanocytes to purified recombinant ASP in vitro, pigmentation was markedly inhibited and the production of eumelanosomes was decreased significantly. Melanosomes that were produced became pheomelanosome-like in structure, and chemical analysis showed that eumelanin production was significantly decreased, Melanocytes treated with ASP also exhibited time- and dose-dependent decreases in melanogenic gene expression, including those encoding tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2, Conversely, melanocytes exposed to MSH exhibited an increase in tyrosinase gene expression and function. Simultaneous addition of ASP and MSH at approximately equimolar concentrations produced responses similar to those elicited by the hormone alone. These results demonstrate that eumelanogenic melanocytes call be induced in culture by ASP to exhibit features characteristic of pheomelanogenesis in vivo, Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the effects of ASP on melanocytes are not mediated solely by inhibition of MSH binding to its receptor, and provide a cell culture model to identify novel factors whose presence is required for pheomelanogenesis. C1 NCI,CELL BIOL LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DEPT PEDIAT,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT DERMATOL,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIROL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. KAO INST FUNDAMENTAL RES,HAGA,TOCHIGI 32134,JAPAN. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY07106]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK28506] NR 41 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD JUN 16 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 12 BP 3544 EP 3552 DI 10.1093/emboj/16.12.3544 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA XG520 UT WOS:A1997XG52000017 PM 9218796 ER PT J AU Chou, MW Chen, W Mikhailova, MV Nichols, J Weis, C Jackson, CD Hart, RW Chung, KT AF Chou, MW Chen, W Mikhailova, MV Nichols, J Weis, C Jackson, CD Hart, RW Chung, KT TI Dietary restriction modulated carcinogen-DNA adduct formation and the carcinogen-induced DNA strand breaks SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dietary restriction; DNA strand breaks; aflatoxin B-1; AFB(1)-DNA adduct; benzo[alpyrene; benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct ID CALORIC RESTRICTION; METABOLIZING ENZYMES; ONCOGENE EXPRESSION; FISCHER-344 RATS; DIOL EPOXIDES; BENZOPYRENE; 6-NITROCHRYSENE; PROLIFERATION; APOPTOSIS; MOUSE AB Dietary restriction (DR) alters the activities of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and modulates the formation of carcinogen-DNA adducts in carcinogen treated animals. Our previous results showed that a 40% restriction of diet (60% of ad libitum (AL) food consumption) reduced the hepatic metabolic activation of aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) but increased the activation of benzo[a]-pyrene (BaP) in both rats and mice. In this study, the focus was directed toward the levels of carcinogen-DNA adducts formation and the carcinogen-induced DNA strand breaks in mouse kidney and liver DNA. DR significantly inhibited both AFB(1)-DNA adduct formation and AFB(1)-induced DNA strand breaks in kidney DNA of mice that received a single dose of [H-3]AFB(1) (5 mg/kg). The levels of AFB(1)-DNA adduct formation in mouse kidney DNA correlated well with increased AFB(1)-induced DNA strand breaks. The correlation between the levels of AFB(1)-DNA-adducts formed and DNA strand breaks in kidney DNA of DR-mice was less linear than between its AL-counterpart suggesting that other factors, such as different rates of DNA repair, may be involved. In addition, DR enhanced hepatic BaP- and 6-nitrochrysene (6-NC)-DNA adduct formation in the mice treated with BaP and 6-NC, respectively. The formation of the specific BaP-adduct, 10-(N-2-deoxyguanosinyl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-BaP (N-2-dG-BaP), in mouse liver was proportional to the dose, and was compatible to the BaP-induced DNA strand breaks affected by DR. The enhancement of the total 6-NC-DNA adduct formation in DR-mouse was also in correlation with the increased 6-NC-induced DNA strand breaks. The activity of mouse liver microsomal nitro-reductase increased by 2-fold in response to DR indicating that the nitroreduction may contribute to the increase of the metabolic activation of 6-NC. Our present results indicate that the effect of DR on the carcinogen activation is dependent upon the DR-modulated carcinogen metabolizing enzyme activities. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 UNIV MEMPHIS,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. RP Chou, MW (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 1997 VL 92 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S0378-4274(97)00029-5 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA XL210 UT WOS:A1997XL21000004 PM 9242354 ER PT J AU Kahn, LH Chen, M Eaton, R AF Kahn, LH Chen, M Eaton, R TI Over-the-counter naproxen sodium and esophageal injury SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP Kahn, LH (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 15 PY 1997 VL 126 IS 12 BP 1006 EP 1006 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XE549 UT WOS:A1997XE54900032 PM 9182468 ER PT J AU Song, S LingHu, H Roebuck, KA Rabbi, MF Donnelly, RP Finnegan, A AF Song, S LingHu, H Roebuck, KA Rabbi, MF Donnelly, RP Finnegan, A TI Interleukin-10 inhibits interferon-gamma-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene transcription in human monocytes SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; RESPONSE ELEMENT; CELL-LINES; IL-10; EXPRESSION; PROMOTER AB Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a potent monocyte regulatory cytokine that inhibits gene expression of proinflammatory mediators, In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which IL-10 downregulates expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on the cell surface of normal human monocytes activated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). IL-10 inhibition of IFN-gamma-induced ICAM-1 expression was apparent as early as 3 hours and was blocked by an anti-IL-10 antibody but not by an isotype-matched control antibody. Northern blot analysis showed that IL-10 reduced the accumulation of ICAM-1 mRNA in IFN-gamma-stimulated monocytes, IL-10 inhibition of ICAM-1 steady-state mRNA was detected at 3 hours and remained at 24 hours, Nuclear run-on transcription assays showed that IL-10 inhibited the rate of IFN-gamma-induced transcription of the ICAM-1 gene, and mRNA stability studies showed that IL-10 did not alter the half-life of IFN-gamma-induced ICAM-1 message. Thus, IL-10 inhibits IFN-gamma-induced ICAM-1 expression in monocytes primarily at the level of gene transcription. Activation of IFN-gamma-responsive genes requires tyrosine phosphorylation of the transcriptional factor STAT-1 alpha (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 alpha). However, IL-10 did not affect IFN-gamma-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT-1 alpha or alter STAT-1 alpha binding to the IFN-gamma response element (IRE) in the ICAM-1 promoter. Instead, IL-10 prevented IFN-gamma-induced binding activity at the NF-kappa B site of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-responsive NF-kappa B/C-EBP composite element in the ICAM-1 promoter. These data indicate that IL-10 inhibits IFN-gamma-induced transcription of the ICAM-1 gene by a regulatory mechanism that may involve NF-kappa B. (C) 1997 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,RHEUMATOL SECT,DEPT MED,CHICAGO,IL 60612. RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,DEPT IMMUNOL MICROBIOL,CHICAGO,IL 60612. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CYTOKINE BIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 41 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JUN 15 PY 1997 VL 89 IS 12 BP 4461 EP 4469 PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XE974 UT WOS:A1997XE97400025 PM 9192770 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ Shacter, E AF Lee, YJ Shacter, E TI Bcl-2 does not protect Burkitt's lymphoma cells from oxidant-induced cell death SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; HUMAN FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA; DNA FRAGMENTATION; FREE-RADICALS; THYMOCYTE APOPTOSIS; ANTIOXIDANT PATHWAY; REPERFUSION INJURY; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; B-LYMPHOCYTES; T-CELLS AB Bcl-2 is an oncogene that confers deregulated growth potential to B lymphocytes through its ability to inhibit apoptotic cell death, A specific molecular activity for the Bcl-2 protein has not been identified, but several lines of evidence have supported a role in protection of cells from oxidative stress, We investigated whether there is a correlation between expression of high levels of Bcl-2 and susceptibility of human Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines to H2O2-induced killing, The amount of H2O2 required to kill 50% of cells in 24 hours varied widely in the seven different lymphoma cell lines that were tested, ranging from 35 to 500 mu mol/L H2O2. However, expression of high levels of endogenous Bcl-2 did not protect the cells from H2O2-induced killing, even though it was effective in protecting the cells from apoptosis induced by agents such as A23187, Thus, Bcl-2 was functional in preventing apoptosis but did not act in an antioxidant capacity, The results were confirmed using a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line overexpressing transfected bcl-2, The results may be explained by the observation that H2O2 was inefficient at inducing apoptosis in these mature B-cell lines. Nonapoptotic death induced by H2O2 was not prevented by Bcl-2. C1 US FDA,CBER,IMMUNOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 69 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JUN 15 PY 1997 VL 89 IS 12 BP 4480 EP 4492 PG 13 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XE974 UT WOS:A1997XE97400027 PM 9192772 ER PT J AU Cherney, BW Bhatia, KG Sgadari, C Gutierrez, MI Mostowski, H Pike, SE Gupta, G Magrath, IT Tosato, G AF Cherney, BW Bhatia, KG Sgadari, C Gutierrez, MI Mostowski, H Pike, SE Gupta, G Magrath, IT Tosato, G TI Role of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in the tumorigenicity of Burkitt's lymphoma cells SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; C-MYC; CELLULAR-RESPONSE; DNA DAMAGE; APOPTOSIS; MUTATIONS; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; ONCOGENE AB Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines carry a translocated c-myc gene and, in 60-80% of cases, exhibit mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. We examined the potential role of the p53 gene in BL tumorigenicity using an in vitro assay that measures p53-dependent cell cycle arrest in the G(1) phase of the cell cycle and an in vivo athymic murine model that detects differences in the tumorigenicity of BL cell lines. A highly significant inverse correlation was found between the ability of BL cells to arrest in G(1) after irradiation and their tumorigenicity in athymic mice, consistent with the notion that loss of p53 function is associated with increased tumorigenicity. Inactivation of wild-type (wt) p53 function by expression of the human papillomavirus E6 protein in the AG876V BL cell line, which carries both wt and mutant p53 proteins, rendered the cell line significantly more tumorigenic in athymic mice. Transfection of the wt p53 gene into the p53 mutant and highly tumorigenic BL-41 cell line caused it to acquire wt p53 function and rendered it less tumorigenic in mice. In addition to confirming a role for the loss of p53 function in tumor progression, the data demonstrate that wt p53 protein can reduce BL tumorigenicity in vivo. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NCI,PEDIAT ONCOL BRANCH,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI Sgadari, Cecilia/H-4302-2016 OI Sgadari, Cecilia/0000-0003-0364-4912 NR 44 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JUN 15 PY 1997 VL 57 IS 12 BP 2508 EP 2515 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XD800 UT WOS:A1997XD80000035 PM 9192833 ER PT J AU Bossuyt, X Marti, GE Fleisher, TA AF Bossuyt, X Marti, GE Fleisher, TA TI Comparative analysis of whole blood lysis methods for flow cytometry SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE flow cytometry; whole blood lysis; immunophenotyping; CD34 ID FICOLL-HYPAQUE SEPARATION; DENSITY GRADIENT CENTRIFUGATION; HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; NORMAL ADULTS; MALIGNANCIES; SUBSETS AB We performed a parallel evaluation of six whole blood lysis methods comparing light scatter and quantitative fluorescence intensity based on quantitative flow cytometry, of selected lymphocyte subsets and CD34+ cells. Leukocytes prepared with FAGS Lysing Solution (BDIS), Immunolyse (Coulter) and Optilyse B (Immunotech) consistently gave lower forward scatter values than those prepared with ACK (BioWhitaker), Ortho-mune (Ortho) and ImmunoPrep (Coulter). Debris, defined as CD45 negative events with the threshold off, accounted for similar to 80% of all events with ACK and Ortho-mune. The other lysing methods consistently yielded less debris (similar to 50%) with Immunolyse generating only similar to 16% debris, Optilyse and FAGS lyse consistently displayed the lowest percentage of lymphoid cells (CD45+/CD14-) in the three part differential. The percentage of CD3+, CD20+, CD5+, and CD16/CD56+ cells was consistent with all methods but CD4 and CD8 determinations showed inconsistent variation with ACK and Ortho-mune, In addition, the fluorescence intensity of CD14 PE and CD8 PE staining was markedly decreased on cells prepared with ImmunoPrep. Finally, the dearest separation of CD34+ cells was observed with ACK and Ortho-mune. Our data demonstrate that the method used for red cell lysis can have definite impact on immunophenotyping and selected methods appear to be more suitable for specific applications. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIH,CC,CPD,SERV IMMUNOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,CTR BIOL RES & EVALUAT,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 20 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD JUN 15 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 3 BP 124 EP 133 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA XH780 UT WOS:A1997XH78000003 PM 9222098 ER EF