FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Nuevo, M Sandford, SA AF Nuevo, Michel Sandford, Scott A. BE Kwok, S Sandford, S TI Photochemistry of interstellar/circumstellar ices as a contributor to the complex organics in meteorites SO IAU: ORGANIC MATTER IN SPACE SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 251st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY FEB 18-22, 2008 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Astron Union DE Astrochemistry; methods: laboratory; ISM: molecules; ultraviolet: ISM; meteorites ID INTERSTELLAR ICE; AMINO-ACIDS; ANALOGS; IRRADIATION AB The UV irradiation of interstellar/circumstellar ice analogs is known to lead to the formation of organic compounds such as amino acids and maybe nucleobases. In this work, the mechanisms of formation and distribution of amino acids, chosen as tracers for the organic compounds formed in such experiments, are studied and compared with meteoritic data. C1 [Nuevo, Michel; Sandford, Scott A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Nuevo, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM michel.nuevo-1@nasa.gov; scott.a.sandford@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88982-7 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2008 VL 4 IS 251 BP 443 EP 444 DI 10.1017/S1743921308022126 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIO81 UT WOS:000261374200104 ER PT J AU Giorgini, JD Benner, LAM Ostro, SJ Nolan, MC Busch, MW AF Giorgini, Jon D. Benner, Lance A. M. Ostro, Steven J. Nolan, Michael C. Busch, Michael W. TI Predicting the Earth encounters of (99942) Apophis SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE asteroids; asteroids, dynamics; radar observations; near-Earth objects; orbit determination ID YARKOVSKY; ASTEROIDS AB Arecibo delay-Doppler measurements of (99942) Apophis in 2005 and 2006 resulted in a five standard-deviation trajectory correction to the optically predicted close approach distance to Earth in 2029. The radar measurements reduced the volume of the statistical uncertainty region entering the encounter to 7.3% of the pre-radar solution, but increased the trajectory uncertainty growth rate across the encounter by 800% due to the closer predicted approach to the Earth. A small estimated Earth impact probability remained for 2036. With standard-deviation plane-of-sky position uncertainties for 2007-2010 already less than 0.2 arcsec, the best near-term ground-based optical astrometry can only weakly affect the trajectory estimate. While the potential for impact in 2036 will likely be excluded in 2013 (if not 2011) using ground-based optical measurements, approximations within the Standard Dynamical Model (SDM) used to estimate and predict the trajectory from the current era are sufficient to obscure the difference between a predicted impact and a miss in 2036 by altering the dynamics leading into the 2029 encounter. Normal impact probability assessments based on the SDM become problematic without knowledge of the object's physical properties; impact could be excluded while the actual dynamics still permit it. Calibrated position uncertainty intervals are developed to compensate for this by characterizing the minimum and maximum effect of physical parameters on the trajectory. Uncertainty in accelerations related to solar radiation can cause between 82 and 4720 Earth-radii of trajectory change relative to the SDM by 2036. If an actionable hazard exists, alteration by 2-10% of Apophis' total absorption of solar radiation in 2018 could be sufficient to produce a six standard-deviation trajectory change by 2036 given physical characterization; even a 0.5% change could produce a trajectory shift of one Earth-radius by 2036 for all possible spin-poles and likely masses. Planetary ephemeris uncertainties are the next greatest source of systematic error, causing up to 23 Earth-radii of uncertainty. The SDM Earth point-mass assumption introduces an additional 2.9 Earth-radii of prediction error by 2036. Unmodeled asteroid perturbations produce as much as 2.3 Earth-radii of error. We find no future small-body encounters likely to yield an Apophis mass determination prior to 2029. However, asteroid (144898) 2004 VD 17, itself having a statistical Earth impact in 2102, will probably encounter Apophis at 6.7 lunar distances in 2034, their uncertainty regions coming as close as 1.6 lunar distances near the center of both SDM probability distributions. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Giorgini, Jon D.; Benner, Lance A. M.; Ostro, Steven J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Nolan, Michael C.] Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. [Busch, Michael W.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Giorgini, JD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 301-150,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jon.giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov RI Nolan, Michael/H-4980-2012 OI Nolan, Michael/0000-0001-8316-0680 NR 37 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2008 VL 193 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.012 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 250HE UT WOS:000252289800001 ER PT J AU Shepard, MK Clark, BE Nolan, MC Benner, LAM Ostro, SJ Giorgini, JD Vilas, F Jarvis, K Lederer, S Lim, LF McConnochie, T Bell, J Margot, JL Rivkin, A Magrik, C Scheeres, D Pravec, P AF Shepard, Michael K. Clark, Beth Ellen Nolan, Michael C. Benner, Lance A. M. Ostro, Steven J. Giorgini, Jon D. Vilas, Faith Jarvis, Kandy Lederer, Susan Lim, Lucy F. McConnochie, Tim Bell, James Margot, Jean-Luc Rivkin, Andrew Magrik, Christopher Scheeres, Daniel Pravec, Petr TI Multi-wavelength observations of asteroid 2100 Ra-Shalom SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE asteroids; asteroids, composition; asteroids, surfaces; radar observations ID NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; THERMAL-MODEL; PHASE-II; CHONDRITES; ITOKAWA; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; SPECTROGRAPH; POPULATION AB We observed near-Earth asteroid (NEA) 2100 Ra-Shalom over a six-year period, obtaining rotationally resolved spectra in the visible, near-infrared, thermal-infrared, and radar wavelengths. We find that Ra-Shalom has an effective diameter of D-eff = 2.3 +/- 0.2 km, rotation period P = 19.793 +/- 0.001 h, visual albedo p(v) = 0.13 +/- 0.03, radar albedo (sigma) over cap OC = 0.36 +/- 0.10, and polarization ratio mu(c) = 0.25 +/- 0.04. We used our radar observations to generate a three-dimensional shape model which shows several structural features of interest. Based on our thermal observations, Ra-Shalom has a high thermal inertia of similar to 103 J m(-2) s(-0.5) K-1, consistent with a coarse or rocky surface and the inferences of others [Harris, A.W., Davies, J.K., Green, S.F., 1998. Icarus 135, 441-450; Delbo, M., Harris, A.W., Binzel, R.P, Pravec, P., Davies, J.K., 2003. Icarus 166, 116-130]. Our spectral data indicate that Ra-Shalom is a K-class asteroid and we find excellent agreement between our spectra and laboratory spectra of the CV3 meteorite Grosnaja. Our spectra show rotation-dependent variations consistent with global variations in grain size. Our radar observations show rotation-dependent variations in radar albedo consistent with global variations in the thickness of a relatively thin regolith. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shepard, Michael K.] Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Dept Geog & Geosci, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. [Clark, Beth Ellen] Ithaca Coll, Ctr Nat Sci 267, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Nolan, Michael C.; McConnochie, Tim; Bell, James; Margot, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Benner, Lance A. M.; Ostro, Steven J.; Giorgini, Jon D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Vilas, Faith] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Jarvis, Kandy] Lockheed Martin Space Operat, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Lederer, Susan] Calif State Univ San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA. [Lim, Lucy F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20071 USA. [Rivkin, Andrew] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Scheeres, Daniel] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Pravec, Petr] Astron Inst, Ondrejov, Czech Republic. [Vilas, Faith] Univ Arizona, MMT Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Shepard, MK (reprint author), Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Dept Geog & Geosci, 400 E 2nd St, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. EM mshepard@bloomu.edu RI Margot, Jean-Luc/A-6154-2012; Lim, Lucy/C-9557-2012; Nolan, Michael/H-4980-2012; Pravec, Petr/G-9037-2014; Rivkin, Andrew/B-7744-2016 OI Margot, Jean-Luc/0000-0001-9798-1797; Lim, Lucy/0000-0002-9696-9654; Nolan, Michael/0000-0001-8316-0680; Rivkin, Andrew/0000-0002-9939-9976 NR 46 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2008 VL 193 IS 1 BP 20 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.006 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 250HE UT WOS:000252289800002 ER PT J AU Nicholson, PD Hedman, MM Clark, RN Showalter, MR Cruikshank, DP Cuzzi, JN Filacchione, G Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Hansen, GB Sicardy, B Drossart, P Brown, RH Buratti, BJ Baines, KH Coradini, A AF Nicholson, Philip D. Hedman, Matthew M. Clark, Roger N. Showalter, Mark R. Cruikshank, Dale P. Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. Filacchione, Gianrico Capaccioni, Fabrizio Cerroni, Priscilla Hansen, Gary B. Sicardy, Bruno Drossart, Pierre Brown, Robert H. Buratti, Bonnie J. Baines, Kevin H. Coradini, Angioletta TI A close look at Saturn's rings with Cassini VIMS SO ICARUS LA English DT Review DE planetary rings; Saturn, rings; infrared observations ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; VOYAGER-1 RADIO OCCULTATION; MAPPING SPECTROMETER VIMS; DENSE PLANETARY RINGS; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; BALLISTIC TRANSPORT; B-RING; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; STELLAR OCCULTATION AB Soon after the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft entered orbit about Saturn on 1 July 2004, its Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer obtained two continuous spectral scans across the rings, covering the wavelength range 0.35-5.1 mu m, at a spatial resolution of 15-25 km. The first scan covers the outer C and inner B rings, while the second covers the Cassini Division and the entire A ring. Comparisons of the VIMS radial reflectance profile at 1.08 mu m with similar profiles at a wavelength of 0.45 mu m assembled from Voyager images show very little change in ring structure over the intervening 24 years, with the exception of a few features already known to be noncircular. A model for single-scattering by a classical, many-particle-thick slab of material with normal optical depths derived from the Voyager photopolarimeter stellar occultation is found to provide an excellent fit to the observed VIMS reflectance profiles for the C ring and Cassini Division, and an acceptable fit for the inner B ring. The A ring deviates significantly from such a model, consistent with previous suggestions that this region may be closer to a monolayer. An additional complication here is the azimuthally-variable average optical depth associated with "self-gravity wakes" in this region and the fact that much of the A ring may be a mixture of almost opaque wakes and relatively transparent interwake zones. Consistently with previous studies, we find that the near-infrared spectra of all main ring regions are dominated by water ice, with a typical regolith grain radius of 5-20 mu m, while the steep decrease in visual reflectance shortward of 0.6 mu m is suggestive of an organic contaminant, perhaps tholin-like. Although no materials other than H2O ice have been identified with any certainty in the VIMS spectra of the rings, significant radial variations are seen in the strength of the water-ice absorption bands. Across the boundary between the C and B rings, over a radial range of similar to 7000 km, the near-IR band depths strengthen considerably. A very similar pattern is seen across the outer half of the Cassini Division and into the inner A ring, accompanied by a steepening of the red slope in the visible spectrum shortward of 0.55 mu m. We attribute these trends-as well as smaller-scale variations associated with strong density waves in the A ring-to differing grain sizes in the tholin-contaminated icy regolith that covers the surfaces of the decimeter-to-meter sized ring particles. On the largest scale, the spectral variations seen by VIMS suggest that the rings may be divided into two larger `ring complexes,' with similar internal variations in structure, optical depth, particle size, regolith texture and composition. The inner complex comprises the C and B rings, while the outer comprises the Cassini Division and A ring. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nicholson, Philip D.; Hedman, Matthew M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Showalter, Mark R.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Cruikshank, Dale P.; Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Filacchione, Gianrico; Capaccioni, Fabrizio; Cerroni, Priscilla] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Hansen, Gary B.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sicardy, Bruno; Drossart, Pierre] Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Buratti, Bonnie J.; Baines, Kevin H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Coradini, Angioletta] Ist Astrofis Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Nicholson, PD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM nicholso@astro.cornell.edu OI Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055 NR 110 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2008 VL 193 IS 1 BP 182 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.036 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 250HE UT WOS:000252289800013 ER PT J AU Coradini, A Tosi, F Gavrishin, AI Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Filacchione, G Adriani, A Brown, RH Bellucci, G Formisano, V D'Aversa, E Lunine, JI Baines, KH Bibring, JP Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Cruikshank, DP Combes, M Drossart, P Jaumann, R Langevin, Y Matson, DL McCord, TB Mennella, V Nelson, RM Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B Sotin, C Hedman, MM Hansen, GB Hibbitts, CA Showalter, M Griffith, C Strazzulla, G AF Coradini, A. Tosi, F. Gavrishin, A. I. Capaccioni, F. Cerroni, P. Filacchione, G. Adriani, A. Brown, R. H. Bellucci, G. Formisano, V. D'Aversa, E. Lunine, J. I. Baines, K. H. Bibring, J. -P. Buratti, B. J. Clark, R. N. Cruikshank, D. P. Combes, M. Drossart, P. Jaumann, R. Langevin, Y. Matson, D. L. McCord, T. B. Mennella, V. Nelson, R. M. Nicholson, P. D. Sicardy, B. Sotin, C. Hedman, M. M. Hansen, G. B. Hibbitts, C. A. Showalter, M. Griffith, C. Strazzulla, G. TI Identification of spectral units on Phoebe SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Saturn, satellites; satellites, composition; irregular satellites; spectroscopy ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; SATURNS MOON PHOEBE; MODE CENTRAL METHOD; WATER-ICE; MULTIVARIATE CLASSIFICATION; GALILEAN SATELLITES; LUNAR ROCKS; CASSINI; SPECTROSCOPY; GLASSES AB We apply a multivariate statistical method to the Phoebe spectra collected by the VIMS experiment onboard the Cassini spacecraft during the flyby of June 2004. The G-mode clustering method, which permits identification of the most important features in a spectrum, is used on a small subset of data, characterized by medium and high spatial resolution, to perform a raw spectral classification of the surface of Phoebe. The combination of statistics and comparative analysis of the different areas using both the VIMS and ISS data is explored in order to highlight possible correlations with the surface geology. In general, the results by Clark et al. [Clark, R.N., Brown, R.H., Jaumann, R., Cruikshank, D.P., Nelson, R.M., Buratti, B.J., McCord, T.B., Lunine, J., Hoefen, T., Curchin, J.M., Hansen, G., Hibbitts, K., Matz, K.-D., Baines, K.H., Bellucci, G., Bibring, J.-P., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Coradini, A., Formisano, V., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., Mennella, V., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., 2005. Nature 435, 66-69] are confirmed; but we also identify new signatures not reported before, such as the aliphatic CH stretch at 3.53 mu m and the similar to 4.4 mu m feature possibly related to cyanide compounds. On the basis of the band strengths computed for several absorption features and for the homogeneous spectral types isolated by the G-mode, a strong correlation of CO2 and aromatic hydrocarbons with exposed water ice, where the uniform layer covering Phoebe has been removed, is established. On the other hand, an anti-correlation of cyanide compounds with CO2 is suggested at a medium resolution scale. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Coradini, A.; Tosi, F.; Adriani, A.; Bellucci, G.; Formisano, V.; D'Aversa, E.; Lunine, J. I.] Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, INAF IFSI, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Capaccioni, F.; Cerroni, P.; Hibbitts, C. A.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF IASF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Gavrishin, A. I.] S Russian State Tech Univ, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia. [Brown, R. H.; Lunine, J. I.; Griffith, C.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brown, R. H.; Lunine, J. I.; Griffith, C.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Strazzulla, G.] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF OACT, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Baines, K. H.; Buratti, B. J.; Matson, D. L.; Nelson, R. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bibring, J. -P.; Langevin, Y.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cruikshank, D. P.; Showalter, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Combes, M.; Drossart, P.; Sicardy, B.] Observ Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Jaumann, R.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [McCord, T. B.; Hansen, G. B.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mennella, V.] Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF OAC, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Nicholson, P. D.; Hedman, M. M.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sotin, C.] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. [Hibbitts, C. A.] Planetary Sci Unit, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Coradini, A (reprint author), Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, INAF IFSI, Area Ricerca Tor Vergata,Via Fosso del Cavaliere, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM coradini@ifsi-roma.inaf.it RI Hibbitts, Charles/B-7787-2016; OI Hibbitts, Charles/0000-0001-9089-4391; Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Adriani, Alberto/0000-0003-4998-8008; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055; D'Aversa, Emiliano/0000-0002-5842-5867; Tosi, Federico/0000-0003-4002-2434; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2008 VL 193 IS 1 BP 233 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.023 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 250HE UT WOS:000252289800016 ER PT B AU Weisbin, C Mrozinski, J Flua, H Shelton, K Smith, JH Elfes, A Lincoln, W Adumitroaie, V Silberg, R AF Weisbin, C. Mrozinski, J. Flua, H. Shelton, K. Smith, J. H. Elfes, A. Lincoln, W. Adumitroaie, V. Silberg, R. BE Selvaraj, H Rawski, M TI Human-robot lunar exploration: Pressurized vs. unpressurized rovers SO ICSENG 2008: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Systems Engineering CY AUG 19-21, 2008 CL Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV SP Univ Nevada Las Vegas, ALDEC HO Univ Nevada AB A study is conducted to determine the relative productivity of employing two pressurized or two unpressurized robotic rovers with two teams of astronauts to accomplish a group of activities on the Moon. An automated planning tool is used to calculate the optimal sequence of events, given an objective function and sets of assumptions and constraints. For the mission scenario studied, a pair of pressurized rovers is shown to be about 7 times as productive as a pair of unpressurized rovers when calculating benefits divided by marginal operational costs. This is primarily due to a constraint that limits astronauts to a maximum of 8 hours per day in space suits. The unpressurized rovers require the astronauts to wear space suits at all times, severely limiting the distance they can travel from the lander-habitat; the pressurized rovers permit the astronauts to remove their suits while driving, monitoring robotic activities, and resting between work periods. C1 [Weisbin, C.; Mrozinski, J.; Flua, H.; Shelton, K.; Smith, J. H.; Elfes, A.; Lincoln, W.; Adumitroaie, V.; Silberg, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Weisbin, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Elfes, Alberto/E-2463-2011 OI Elfes, Alberto/0000-0003-2433-995X NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3331-5 PY 2008 BP 8 EP 12 DI 10.1109/ICSEng.2008.10 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIF82 UT WOS:000259180400002 ER PT J AU Khayat, MA Wilton, DR Fink, PW AF Khayat, Michael A. Wilton, Donald R. Fink, Patrick W. TI An Improved Transformation and Optimized Sampling Scheme for the Numerical Evaluation of Singular and Near-Singular Potentials SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Computation theory; integral equations; numerical integration AB Simple and efficient numerical procedures using singularity cancellation methods are presented for evaluating singular and near-singular potential integrals. Four different transformations are compared and the advantages of the radial-angular transform are demonstrated. A method is then described for optimizing this integration scheme. C1 [Khayat, Michael A.; Fink, Patrick W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Wilton, Donald R.] Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Khayat, MA (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM michael.a.khayat@nasa.gov; wilton@uh.edu; patrick.w.fink@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2008 VL 7 BP 377 EP 380 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2008.928461 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 478WV UT WOS:000268620200036 ER PT J AU Rengarajan, SR AF Rengarajan, Sembiam R. TI Coupling Between Waveguide-Fed Planar Slot Arrays SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Array antennas; coupling; isolation; method of moments ID POLARIZATION AB Coupling between two waveguide-fed planar slot arrays is investigated using full-wave analysis. The analysis employs the method-of-moments solution to the pertinent coupled integral equations for the aperture electric field of all slots. From the TE(10) mode scattered by the slots, the complex coefficient of the wave incident at the input port of each array is computed. By exciting the input port of one of the arrays and match-terminating the other, we determine the incident wave amplitude at the input port of the second array, thereby determining the coupling. Computed coupling values are presented for different array geometries. C1 [Rengarajan, Sembiam R.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Rengarajan, Sembiam R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Rengarajan, SR (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM srengarajan@csun.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2008 VL 7 BP 429 EP U198 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2009.2019772 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 478WV UT WOS:000268620200051 ER PT J AU Fink, PW Wilton, DR Khayat, MA AF Fink, Patrick W. Wilton, Donald R. Khayat, Michael A. TI Simple and Efficient Numerical Evaluation of Near-Hypersingular Integrals SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Computation theory; integral equations; numerical integration AB Simple and efficient numerical procedures for evaluating the gradient of Helmholtz-type potentials are presented. The convergence behavior of both normal and tangential components of the gradient is examined. It is also shown that the scheme for handling near-hypersingular integrals is effective for handling nearly singular potential integrals as well, so the same quadrature scheme may be used for both simultaneously. C1 [Fink, Patrick W.; Khayat, Michael A.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Wilton, Donald R.] Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Fink, PW (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM patrick.w.fink@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2008 VL 7 BP 469 EP 472 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2008.2000788 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 478WV UT WOS:000268620200062 ER PT J AU Scardelletti, MC Jordan, JL Ponchak, GE AF Scardelletti, Maximilian C. Jordan, Jennifer L. Ponchak, George E. TI Temperature Dependency (25 degrees C-400 degrees C) of a Planar Folded Slot Antenna on Alumina Substrate SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Absolute gain; alumina; folded slot antenna; high temperature; return loss AB The dependency of planar folded slot antenna characteristics fabricated on alumina substrates over the temperature range of 25 to 400 degrees C are presented. The 3.575 GHz antenna is fed by a 20 mm long, 50 Omega CPW line (S = 130 and W = 60 mu m), and there is no ground plane on the back side of the substrate. An on-wafer TRL calibration was used to deembed the CPW feed line for return loss measurements and to measure the increase in the effective dielectric constant and attenuation of the CPW lines as a function of temperature. The measured antenna characteristics show that the resonant frequency varies by less than 1%, the minimum return loss increases from 11 to 16 dB, the quality factor increases from 25.5 to 44.75, and the gain decreases by 1 dBi as temperature is increased from 25 degrees C to 400 degrees C. Finally, the effect of the measurement test setup on the measured radiation patterns is discussed. C1 [Scardelletti, Maximilian C.; Jordan, Jennifer L.; Ponchak, George E.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Scardelletti, MC (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Maximilian.C.Scardelletti@nasa.gov; George.E.Pon-chak@nasa.gov FU NASA's Aeronautics Integrated Vehicle Health Management Program FX This work was supported by the NASA's Aeronautics Integrated Vehicle Health Management Program. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2008 VL 7 BP 489 EP U263 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2008.2006068 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 478WV UT WOS:000268620200067 ER PT J AU Rengarajan, SR AF Rengarajan, Sembiam R. TI An Optimization Procedure for Including the Higher Order Mode Coupling Between Coupling Slots in the Design of a Planar Slot Array SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antenna design and optimization; higher order mode coupling; slot arrays; waveguide arrays AB A simple iterative procedure to account for higher order mode coupling between adjacent coupling slots of a planar slot array is presented. The method converges rapidly and is easy to implement in conjunction with Elliott's design technique for planar arrays. The procedure is illustrated with an example and validated by a full-wave moment method analysis. C1 [Rengarajan, Sembiam R.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Rengarajan, Sembiam R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Rengarajan, SR (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM srengarajan@csun.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The research described in this paper was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2008 VL 7 BP 785 EP 787 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2008.2007660 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 494EB UT WOS:000269791600068 ER PT J AU Luo, ZZ Stephens, GL Emanuel, KA Vane, DG Tourville, ND Haynes, JM AF Luo, Zhengzhao Stephens, Graeme L. Emanuel, Kerry A. Vane, Deborah G. Tourville, Natalie D. Haynes, John M. TI On the use of CloudSat and MODIS data for estimating hurricane intensity SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE radar applications; radar meteorological factors; satellite applications ID TROPICAL-CYCLONE INTENSITY AB This letter presents preliminary results concerning the use of new observations from the A-Train Constellation for testing a new technique of remotely sensing hurricane intensity from space based on modeling a hurricane as a balanced, convectively neutral vortex. The key observational requirements are simultaneous, accurate measurements of cloud-top height, cloud-top temperature, and cloud profiling information across the center of the storm, although there are ways to bypass the need for cloud-top temperature. In this letter, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer onboard Aqua provides an estimation of the cloud-top temperature, and the near-simultaneous CloudSat observations provide the essential cloud-top height and cloud profiling information. Initial results indicate that the new technique is a promising method for estimating storm intensity when compared post facto to the best track database. Potential uncertainties and room for further refinement of the technique are discussed. C1 [Luo, Zhengzhao] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Stephens, Graeme L.; Tourville, Natalie D.; Haynes, John M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Emanuel, Kerry A.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Vane, Deborah G.] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Luo, ZZ (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM luo@sci.ccny.cuny.edu NR 10 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 13 EP 16 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2007.905341 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 254XQ UT WOS:000252621700003 ER PT J AU Sun, WB Hu, YX Loeb, NG Lin, B Mlynczak, MG AF Sun, Wenbo Hu, Yongxiang Loeb, Norman G. Lin, Bing Mlynczak, Martin G. TI Using CERES data to evaluate the infrared flux derived from diffusivity approximation SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES); diffusivity approximation; infrared flux ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT; TERRA SATELLITE; CLOUDS; ALGORITHM; VALIDATION; ERBE AB Based on the diffusivity approximation theory, the infrared flux at the top of atmosphere (TOA) can be obtained by multiplying a factor of pi on the infrared radiance that was measured at a viewing zenith angle (VZA) of 53 degrees. This letter applies the diffusivity approximation on radiance measurements of the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) to derive TOA infrared fluxes and compares these fluxes with the state-of-the-art CERES outgoing radiative fluxes. We find that the mean difference between the two kinds of instantaneous flux that were estimated at the window channel is similar to 1 W.m(-2), with a root-mean-square error of similar to 1.7 W.m(-2). This result shows that radiance measurement at a fixed VZA of 53 degrees is a simple and effective method in the remote sensing of the infrared flux for satellite missions that monitor some specific climate processes and require longwave/window TOA fluxes, such as the Broad Band Radiometer instrument on EarthCARE; however, this approach may involve errors from an inhomogeneous scene or non-Lambertian emission of the surface. A careful design of the VZA and scan mode, such as a conical scan at 53 degrees, would produce much more convenient infrared flux measurements for the Earth-atmosphere system than other designs. C1 [Sun, Wenbo] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Sun, Wenbo; Hu, Yongxiang; Loeb, Norman G.; Lin, Bing; Mlynczak, Martin G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Sun, WB (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. EM w.sun@larc.nasa.gov RI Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2007.905198 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 254XQ UT WOS:000252621700004 ER PT J AU Gao, F Morisette, JT Wolfe, RE Ederer, G Pedelty, J Masuoka, E Myneni, R Tan, B Nightingale, J AF Gao, Feng Morisette, Jeffrey T. Wolfe, Robert E. Ederer, Greg Pedelty, Jeff Masuoka, Edward Myneni, Ranga Tan, Bin Nightingale, Joanne TI An algorithm to produce temporally and spatially continuous MODIS-LAI time series SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biophysical parameters; gap filling; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land products; remote sensing; time-series data analysis ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; SATELLITE SENSOR DATA; LAND PRODUCTS; TERRA; VALIDATION; FRACTION; PAR AB Ecological and climate models require high-quality consistent biophysical parameters as inputs and validation sources. NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) biophysical products provide such data and have been used to improve our understanding of climate and ecosystem changes. However, the MODIS time series contains occasional lower quality data, gaps from persistent clouds, cloud contamination, and other gaps. Many modeling efforts, such as those used in the North American Carbon Program, that use MODIS data as inputs require gap-free data. This letter presents the algorithm used within the MODIS production facility to produce temporally smoothed and spatially continuous biophysical data for such modeling applications. We demonstrate the algorithm with an example from the MODIS-leaf-area-index (LAI) product. Results show that the smoothed LAI agrees with high-quality MODIS LAI very well. Higher R-squares and better linear relationships have been observed when high-quality retrieval in each individual tile reaches 40% or more. These smoothed products show similar data quality to MODIS high-quality data and, therefore, can be substituted for low-quality retrievals or data gaps. C1 [Morisette, Jeffrey T.; Wolfe, Robert E.; Ederer, Greg; Pedelty, Jeff; Masuoka, Edward; Tan, Bin; Nightingale, Joanne] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Informat Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ederer, Greg] SAIC, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. [Myneni, Ranga] Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Informat Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Gao, Feng/F-3944-2010; Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012; Tan, Bin/G-1331-2012; Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012 OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855; NR 14 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 26 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 60 EP 64 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2007.907971 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 254XQ UT WOS:000252621700014 ER PT J AU Neville, K Hoffman, RR Linde, C Elm, WC Fowlkes, J AF Neville, Kelly Hoffman, Robert R. Linde, Charlotte Elm, William C. Fowlkes, Jennifer TI The procurement woes revisited SO IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Linde, Charlotte] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Neville, K (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. EM nevillek@erau.edu; rhoffman@ihmc.us; charlotte.linde@nasa.gov; welm@resilientcognitivesolutions.com; jfowlkes@chisystems.com NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1541-1672 J9 IEEE INTELL SYST JI IEEE Intell. Syst. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 72 EP 75 DI 10.1109/MIS.2008.15 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 254XS UT WOS:000252621900013 ER PT B AU Dadgour, H Cassell, AM Banerjee, K AF Dadgour, Hamed Cassell, Alan M. Banerjee, Kaustav GP IEEE TI Scaling and Variability Analysis of CNT-Based NEMS Devices and Circuits with Implications for Process Design SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING 2008, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE International Electron Devices Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting CY DEC 15-17, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB This work presents an extensive scaling analysis of carbon nanotube (CNT) based Nano-Electro Mechanical Switches (NEMS) considering the effect of process variations on both device and circuit level metrics. Implications for NEMS- material, switch architecture and geometry are also analyzed in detail. A rigorous nano-electromechanical simulation methodology in employed to study the operation and reliability of CNT-NEMS devices. It is shown that CNT-NEMS structures become increasingly susceptible to stiction failure and violating performance requirements as feature size scales down, thereby highlighting the need for advanced nanofabrication techniques if these structures are to be integrated in digital ICs. C1 [Dadgour, Hamed; Banerjee, Kaustav] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept ECE, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Cassell, Alan M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Dadgour, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept ECE, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. FU Semiconductor Research Corporation [CSR-1653.001]; NSF [CCF-0811880] FX This work was supported by the Semiconductor Research Corporation (CSR-1653.001) and the NSF (Grant No. CCF-0811880). NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2377-4 J9 INT EL DEVICES MEET PY 2008 BP 529 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJH45 UT WOS:000265829300124 ER PT S AU Lin, ML Erdogan, AT Arslan, T Stoica, A AF Lin, Ming-Lang Erdogan, Ahmet T. Arslan, Tughrul Stoica, Adrian BE Arslan, T Tran, T Buechner, T Marshall, A TI A NOVEL CMOS EXPONENTIAL APPROXIMATION CIRCUIT SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL SOC CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International SOC Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International SOC Conference CY SEP 17-20, 2008 CL Newport Beach, CA SP IEEE ID VARIABLE-GAIN AMPLIFIER AB A novel exponential circuit with a high output and input range is proposed. This circuit is based on a new exponential approximation function which can be implemented using new current mode circuits. This circuit consists of a current generator section and a current divider section. The current generating section produces currents that are exponentially dependent on input signals and the current dividing section produces a ration of exponential current. The HSPICE simulation results shows that this circuit is capable of having a nearly 60dB output dynamic range with the linearity error less than +/- 0.5dB over a maximum input range with a 0.18um CMOS technology. C1 [Lin, Ming-Lang; Erdogan, Ahmet T.; Arslan, Tughrul] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Stoica, Adrian] NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Lin, ML (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-1676 BN 978-1-4244-2596-9 J9 IEEE INT SOC CONF PY 2008 BP 301 EP + DI 10.1109/SOCC.2008.4641532 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIM84 UT WOS:000260931700064 ER PT J AU Jiang, XD Itzler, MA Ben-Michael, R Slomkowski, K Krainak, MA Wu, S Sun, XL AF Jiang, Xudong Itzler, Mark A. Ben-Michael, Rafael Slomkowski, Krystyna Krainak, Michael A. Wu, Stewart Sun, Xiaoli TI Afterpulsing effects in free-running InGaAsP single-photon avalanche diodes SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE avalanche photodiodes; photodiodes; single-photon; avalanche diodes; single photon detection ID MU-M; PHOTODIODES; PERFORMANCE; INP; DESIGN; PROBABILITY; DETECTORS AB We demonstrate large-area (80 mu m diameter) InP-based single-photon avalanche diodes for Geiger-mode operation at 1.06 mu m with dark count rates of similar to 1000 Hz at high detection efficiencies of 30% at 237 K, as well as simulations of dark count rate and detection efficiency that provide good agreement with measured data. Experimental results obtained using free-running operation illustrate the strong impact of afterpulsing effects for short (similar to 200 ns) hold-off times. We present an analysis of these free-running results that quantifies the contribution of afterpulsing to the total count rate. C1 [Jiang, Xudong; Itzler, Mark A.; Ben-Michael, Rafael; Slomkowski, Krystyna] Princeton Lightwave Inc, Cranbury, NJ 08512 USA. [Krainak, Michael A.; Wu, Stewart; Sun, Xiaoli] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electroopt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Jiang, XD (reprint author), Princeton Lightwave Inc, Cranbury, NJ 08512 USA. EM xjiang@princetonlightwave.com; mitzler@princetonlightwave.com; rben-michael@princetonlightwave.com; kslomkowski@princetonlightwave.com; Michael.A.Krainak@nasa.gov; swu@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; xsun@pop900.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013 NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1109/JQE.2007.906996 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 256IA UT WOS:000252720600001 ER PT J AU Pukala, D Samoska, L Gaier, T Fung, A Mei, XB Yoshida, W Lee, J Uyeda, J Liu, PH Deal, WR Radisic, V Lai, R AF Pukala, D. Samoska, L. Gaier, T. Fung, A. Mei, X. B. Yoshida, W. Lee, J. Uyeda, J. Liu, P. H. Deal, W. R. Radisic, V. Lai, R. TI Submillimeter-wave InP MMIC amplifiers from 300-345 GHz SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE coplanar waveguide (CPW) with ground; high electron mobility transistor (HEMT); low noise amplifier (LNA); monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC); submillimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuit (S-MMIC) ID 35-NM; TECHNOLOGY AB In this letter, we describe the design, fabrication, simulation, and measured performance of a single-stage and three-stage 320 GHz amplifier using Northrop Grumman Corporation's (NGC) 35-nm InP high electron mobility transistor submillimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuit (S-MMIC) process. On-wafer S-parameter measurements using an extended waveguide band WR3 vector network analyzer system were performed from 210-345 GHz. We measured 5 dB of gain for the single-stage amplifier at 340 GHz and 13-15 of gain from 300-345 GHz for the three-stage S-MMIC amplifier. C1 [Pukala, D.; Samoska, L.; Gaier, T.; Fung, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mei, X. B.; Yoshida, W.; Uyeda, J.; Liu, P. H.; Deal, W. R.; Radisic, V.; Lai, R.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Pukala, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM lorene.samoska@jpl.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 61 EP 63 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2007.912047 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 249UX UT WOS:000252256600021 ER PT J AU Cooper, KB Dengler, RJ Chattopadhyay, G Schlecht, E Gill, J Skalare, A Mehdi, I Siegel, PH AF Cooper, K. B. Dengler, R. J. Chattopadhyay, G. Schlecht, E. Gill, J. Skalare, A. Mehdi, I. Siegel, P. H. TI A high-resolution imaging radar at 580 GHz SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW); submillimeter radar; terahertz (THz) imaging; terahertz (THz) radar AB We have developed a high-resolution imaging radar at 580 GHz. Coherent illumination in the 576-589 GHz range and phase-sensitive detection are implemented in an all-solid-state design based on Schottky diode sensors and sources. By employing the frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar technique, we achieve centimeter-scale range resolution while utilizing fractional bandwidths of less than 3%. Our high operating frequencies also permit centimeter-scale cross-range resolution at several-meter standoff distances without large apertures. Scanning of a single-pixel transceiver enables targets to be rapidly mapped in three dimensions, and here we apply this technology to the detection of concealed objects on persons. C1 [Cooper, K. B.; Dengler, R. J.; Chattopadhyay, G.; Schlecht, E.; Gill, J.; Skalare, A.; Mehdi, I.; Siegel, P. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Siegel, P. H.] CALTECH, Dept Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Cooper, KB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ken.b.cooper@ipl.nasa.gov; pbs@caltech.edu NR 7 TC 69 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 64 EP 66 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2007.912049 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 249UX UT WOS:000252256600022 ER PT J AU Cheng, Q Varshney, PK Michels, JH Belcastro, CM AF Cheng, Qi Varshney, Pramod K. Michels, James H. Belcastro, Celeste M. TI Fault detection in dynamic systems via decision fusion SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID DECENTRALIZED DETECTION; SENSOR; DIAGNOSIS; DESIGN AB Due to the growing demands for system reliability and availability of large amounts of data, efficient fault detection techniques for dynamic systems are desired. In this paper, we consider fault detection in dynamic systems monitored by multiple sensors. Normal and faulty behaviors can be modeled as two hypotheses. Due to communication constraints, it is assumed that sensors can only send binary data to the fusion center. Under the assumption of independent and identically distributed (IID) observations, we propose a distributed fault detection algorithm, including local detector design and decision fusion rule design, based on state estimation via particle filtering. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. C1 [Cheng, Qi; Varshney, Pramod K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Michels, James H.] JHM Technol, Ithaca, NY 14852 USA. [Belcastro, Celeste M.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Cheng, Q (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM varshney@ecs.syr.edu NR 28 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 227 EP 242 DI 10.1109/TAES.2008.4517001 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 295HQ UT WOS:000255466000018 ER PT J AU Bayard, DS Brugarolas, PB AF Bayard, David S. Brugarolas, Paul B. TI On-board vision-based spacecraft estimation algorithm for small body exploration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2005 (ACC) CY JUN 08-10, 2005 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, AIAA, AIChE, AIST, ASCE, ASME, IEEE, ISA, SCS AB A methodology is summarized for designing on-board state estimators in support of spacecraft exploration of small bodies such as asteroids and comets. This paper focuses on an estimation algorithm that incorporates two basic computer-vision measurement types: a landmark table (LMT) and a paired feature table (PFT). Several innovations are developed to incorporate these measurement types into the on-board state estimation algorithm. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. C1 [Bayard, David S.; Brugarolas, Paul B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bayard, DS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM david.bayard@jpl.nasa.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 243 EP 260 DI 10.1109/TAES.2008.4517002 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 295HQ UT WOS:000255466000019 ER PT J AU Kingsley, N Ponchak, GE Papapolymerou, J AF Kingsley, Nickolas Ponchak, George E. Papapolymerou, John TI Reconfigurable RF MEMS phased array antenna integrated within a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) system-on-package SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE beam steering; flexible; liquid crystal polymer (LCP); low noise amplifier (LNA); multilayer; organic; phase shifter; phased array antenna; radio frequency microelectrome-chanical systems (RF MEMS); system-on-package (SOP) AB For the first time, a fully integrated phased array antenna with radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) switches on a flexible, organic substrate is demonstrated above 10 GHz. A low noise amplifier (LNA), MEMS phase shifter, and 2 x 2 patch antenna array are integrated into a system-on-package (SOP) on a liquid crystal polymer substrate. Two antenna arrays are compared; one implemented using a single-layer SOP and the second with a multilayer SOP. Both implementations are low-loss and capable of 12 degrees of beam steering. The design frequency is 14 GHz and the measured return loss is greater than 12 dB for both implementations. The use of an LNA allows for a much higher radiated power level. These antennas can be customized to meet almost any size, frequency, and performance needed. This research furthers the state-of-the-art for organic SOP devices. C1 [Kingsley, Nickolas; Papapolymerou, John] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. [Ponchak, George E.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Kingsley, N (reprint author), Auriga Measurement Syst, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM kingsley@gatech.edu NR 15 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1109/TAP.2007.913151 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 250YL UT WOS:000252337200014 ER PT J AU Courey, KJ Asfour, SS Bayliss, JA Ludwig, LL Zapata, MC AF Courey, Karim J. Asfour, Shihab S. Bayliss, Jon A. Ludwig, Lawrence L. Zapata, Maria C. TI Tin whisker electrical short circuit characteristics - Part I SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS PACKAGING MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE contact resistance; focused ion beam (FIB); short circuit; tin whiskers AB Existing risk simulations make the assumption that when a free tin whisker has bridged two adjacent exposed electrical conductors, the result is an electrical short circuit. This conservative assumption is made because shorting is a random event that has a currently unknown probability associated with it. Due to contact resistance, electrical shorts may not occur at lower voltage levels. In this experiment, we study the effect of varying voltage on the breakdown of the contact resistance which leads to a short circuit. From this data, we can estimate the probability of an electrical short, as a function of voltage, given that a free tin whisker has bridged two adjacent exposed electrical conductors. In addition, three tin whiskers grown from the same Space Shuttle Orbiter card guide used in the aforementioned experiment were cross sectioned and studied using a focused ion beam (FIB). C1 [Courey, Karim J.] NASA, Orbiter Sustaining Engn Off, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Asfour, Shihab S.] Univ Miami, Dept Ind Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Bayliss, Jon A.; Ludwig, Lawrence L.; Zapata, Maria C.] NASA, Div Mat Sci, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Courey, KJ (reprint author), NASA, Orbiter Sustaining Engn Off, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM karim.j.courey@nasa.gov; sasfour@miami.edu; jon.a.bayliss@nasa.gov; lawrence.l.ludwig@nasa.gov; maria.c.zapata@nasa.gov NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1521-334X J9 IEEE T ELECTRON PACK JI IEEE Trans. Electron. Packag. Manuf. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 32 EP 40 DI 10.1109/TEPM.2007.914210 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 250YW UT WOS:000252338300004 ER PT J AU Yueh, SH AF Yueh, Simon H. TI Directional signals in Windsat observations of hurricane ocean winds SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE hurricanes; microwave polarimetry; sea-surface wind ID POLARIMETRIC MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; AIRCRAFT K-BAND; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; RETRIEVALS; SURFACES; SYSTEM; FIELDS AB In this paper, wind-direction signals in passive microwave polarimetry for ocean surfaces under hurricane force winds are presented. We performed analysis of Windsat data for several Atlantic hurricanes from 2003 to 2005. The polarimetric third Stokes parameter (U) observations from the Windsat 10-, 18-, and 37-GHz channels were collocated with the ocean-surface winds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hwind analysis. The collocated data were binned as a function of wind speed and wind direction. The 10-GHz U data show clear 4-K peak-to-peak directional signals at 50-60-m/s wind speed after correction for atmospheric attenuation. The signals in the 18-and 37-GHz channels were unclear at above 40-m/s wind speeds, probably caused by the impact of clouds and rain. The data,were expanded by sinusoidal series of the relative azimuth angles between the Hwind analysis and observation directions. The coefficients of the sinusoidal series suggest decreasing response to wind direction for increasing wind speed, but the 10-GHz U data appear to be fairly constant for up to 50-m/s wind speeds. C1 [Yueh, Simon H.] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Oceans & Solid Eart Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Yueh, SH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Oceans & Solid Eart Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Simon.Yueh@jpl.nasa.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 130 EP 136 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.909079 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 244DP UT WOS:000251846500012 ER PT J AU Wang, JR Chang, LA Monosmith, B Zhang, Z AF Wang, James R. Chang, L. Aron Monosmith, Bryan Zhang, Zhaonan TI Water vapor profiling from CoSSIR radiometric measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; submillimeter-wave radiometry; water vapor ID MICROWAVE SPECTROMETER; PRECIPITABLE WATER; 183 GHZ; MOISTURE; TEMPERATURE; RETRIEVAL; SATELLITE; SURFACE; OCEANS; ICE AB Previous water vapor profiling by millimeterwave radiometry using the 183-GHz absorption line is generally limited to an altitude range of 0-11 km. The additional measurements at the frequencies of 380.2 +/- 0.8, 380.2 +/- 1.8, 380.2 +/- 3.3, and 380.2 +/- 6.2 GHz by the new airborne Compact Scanning Submillimeterwave Imaging Radiometer (CoSSIR) reported in this paper can extend this profiling capability up to an altitude of about 15 km. This is demonstrated by recent CoSSIR measurements onboard the NASA WB-57 aircraft in a flight from Texas to Costa Rica on January 14, 2006. Retrievals of water vapor mixing ratio were performed at eight altitudes of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 km from the CoSSIR data set acquired at observational angles of 00 and 53.4 degrees. The results were compared with other available measurements from near-concurrent satellites. A very good agreement was found between the collocated values of total precipitable water (TPW) derived from the CoSSIR-retrieved water vapor profiles and those estimated from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager; the average TPW differences range between 0.30 and 0.64 cm, depending on CoSSIR's observational angles. The accuracy of the retrievals was inferred from an analysis of inflight CoSSIR radiometric signal fluctuations. C1 [Wang, James R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chang, L. Aron] Futuretech Corp, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Monosmith, Bryan; Zhang, Zhaonan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Instrument Syst & Technol Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wang, JR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM james.r.wang@nasa.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.908529 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 244DP UT WOS:000251846500013 ER PT J AU U-yen, K Wollack, EJ Papapolymerou, J Laskar, J AF U-yen, Kongpop Wollack, Edward J. Papapolymerou, John Laskar, Joy TI A broadband planar magic-T using microstrip-slotline transitions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE microstrip circuits; passive circuits; power combiners; power dividers; slotline transitions ID HYBRID-RING; TEE AB The improved version of a broadband planar magic-T using microstrip-slotline transitions is presented. The design implements a small microstrip-slotline tee junction with minimum size slotline terminations to reduce radiation loss. A multisection impedance transformation network is used to increase the operating bandwidth and minimize the parasitic coupling around the microstrip-slotline tee junction. As a result, the improved magic-T has greater bandwidth and lower phase imbalance at the sum and difference ports than the earlier magic-T design. The experimental results show that the 10-GHz magic-T provides more than 70% of 1-dB operating bandwidth with the average in-band insertion loss of less than 0.6 dB. It also has phase and amplitude imbalance of less than +/- 1 degrees and +/- 0.25 dB, respectively. C1 [U-yen, Kongpop; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Papapolymerou, John; Laskar, Joy] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP U-yen, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM kuyen@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; papapol@ece.gatech.edu RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 172 EP 177 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2007.912213 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 253BF UT WOS:000252493000021 ER PT J AU Choudhary, V Ledezma, E Ayyanar, R Button, RM AF Choudhary, Vijay Ledezma, Enrique Ayyanar, Raja Button, Robert M. TI Fault tolerant circuit topology and control method for input-series and output-parallel modular dc-dc converters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE autonomous control; common duty ratio; fault tolerance; input-series and output-parallel (ISOP); input-series connection; input-voltage sharing; load-current sharing; modular dc-dc converters ID POWER CONVERTERS; VOLTAGE; DESIGN AB This paper presents a modular, fault tolerant dc-dc converter topology that utilizes common duty ratio control to ensure equal sharing of input voltage and output current in input-series output-parallel configuration. The input-series connection allows the use of low voltage MOSFET's optimized for very low R-DS,(ON) resulting in lower conduction losses. The common-duty-ratio scheme does not require a dedicated control loop for input voltage or output current sharing. The fault tolerant protection and control scheme accommodates failure of one or more modules, and ensures input voltage and load current sharing among the remaining healthy modules. The design of a new sensing scheme for detection of fault is presented. The analysis of the topology and the underlying principles are presented. The dependence of peak current from the source and in the protection switch in case of failure of a single converter has been analyzed and the various design tradeoff issues are discussed. The theoretical predictions are validated with simulation and experimental results. The proposed method is simple and gives good. dynamic response to changes in input, load, and during fault. This topology is especially suited for space applications where a high level of fault tolerance can be achieved through designed redundancy. C1 [Choudhary, Vijay; Ledezma, Enrique; Ayyanar, Raja] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Button, Robert M.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Choudhary, V (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM vijay.choudhary@asu.edu; enrique.ledezma@asu.edu; rayyanar@asu.edu; robert.button@grc.nasa.gov NR 28 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8993 EI 1941-0107 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 402 EP 411 DI 10.1109/TPEL.2007.911845 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 263HU UT WOS:000253209000042 ER PT B AU Axholt, M Peterson, S Ellis, SR AF Axholt, Magnus Peterson, Stephen Ellis, Stephen R. BE Lin, M Steed, A NeiraCruz, C TI User boresighting for AR calibration: A preliminary analysis SO IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY 2008, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality 2008 Conference CY MAR 08-12, 2008 CL Reno, NV SP IEEE, Desert Res Inst, Natl Sci Fdn, Intersense, Visbox, Mechdyne, World Viz, Sensics, Virtools DE boresight; line of sight; calibration; postural sway; augmented reality ID SWAY MAGNETOMETRY; BODY SWAY AB The precision with which users can maintain boresight alignment between visual targets at different depths is recorded for 24 subjects using two different boresight targets. Subjects' normal head stability is established using their Romberg coefficients. Weibull distributions are used to describe the probabilities of the magnitude of head positional errors and the three dimensional cloud of errors is displayed by orthogonal two dimensional density plots. These data will lead to an understanding of the limits of user introduced calibration error in augmented reality systems. C1 [Axholt, Magnus; Peterson, Stephen] Linkoping Univ, Dept Sci & Technol, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. [Peterson, Stephen] Linkoping Univ, Dept Sci & Technol, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. [Ellis, Stephen R.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Human Syst Integrat, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Axholt, M (reprint author), Linkoping Univ, Dept Sci & Technol, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. EM magax@itn.liu.se; stepe@itn.liu.se; sellis@mail.arc.nasa.gov FU Innovative Research Programme at EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France FX Stephen Peterson and Magnus Axholt were supported by PhD scholarships from the Innovative Research Programme at the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-1971-5 PY 2008 BP 43 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHP53 UT WOS:000255183900006 ER PT B AU Peterson, S Axholt, M Ellis, SR AF Peterson, Stephen Axholt, Magnus Ellis, Stephen R. BE Lin, M Steed, A NeiraCruz, C TI Managing visual clutter: A generalized technique for label segregation using stereoscopic disparity SO IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY 2008, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality 2008 Conference CY MAR 08-12, 2008 CL Reno, NV SP IEEE, Desert Res Inst, Natl Sci Fdn, Intersense, Visbox, Mechdyne, World Viz, Sensics, Virtools DE label placement; user interfaces; stereoscopic displays; augmented reality; air traffic control AB We present a new technique for managing visual clutter caused by overlapping labels in complex information displays. This technique, "label layering", utilizes stereoscopic disparity as a means to segregate labels in depth for increased legibility and clarity. By distributing overlapping labels in depth, we have found that selection time during a visual search task in situations with high levels of overlap is reduced by four seconds or 24%. Our data show that the depth order of the labels must be correlated with the distance order of their corresponding objects. Since a random distribution of stereoscopic disparity in contrast impairs performance, the benefit is not solely due to the disparity-based image segregation. An algorithm using our label layering technique accordingly could be an alternative to traditional label placement algorithms that avoid label overlap at the cost of distracting motion, symbology dimming or label size reduction. C1 [Peterson, Stephen; Axholt, Magnus] Linkoping Univ, Dept Sci & Technol, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. [Ellis, Stephen R.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Human Syst Int Div, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Peterson, S (reprint author), Linkoping Univ, Dept Sci & Technol, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. EM stepe@itn.liu.se; magax@itn.liu.se; sellis@mail.arc.nasa.gov FU Innovative Research Programme at EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France FX Stephen Peterson and Magnus Axholt were supported by PhD scholarships from the Innovative Research Programme at the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-1971-5 PY 2008 BP 169 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHP53 UT WOS:000255183900026 ER PT B AU Lum, KT Baker, DR Hihn, JM AF Lum, Karen T. Baker, Daniel R. Hihn, Jairus M. GP IEEE TI The effects of data mining techniques on software cost estimation SO IEMC - EUROPE 2008: INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE, EUROPE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: MANAGING ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION FOR GROWTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Engineering Management Conference, Europe CY JUN 28-30, 2008 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP IEEE Technol Management Council, IEEE Portugal Sect, Inst Superior Tecnico, Cascais City Council DE cost estimation; data mining; model performance; modeling software costs AB Current research at JPL incorporates data mining and machine learning techniques to see whether a better software cost model can be developed. 2CEE is a tool developed for developing new software cast estimation models using data mining techniques. The accuracy of these models has been validated! infernally through leave-one out cross validation. However, the newly generated models have not been validated to see how well they predict in the real world. Our study seeks to find out how well these machine learning based models perform against standard models for eighteen new flight and ground software projects. The accurate performance of the models against current real world projects is extremely important for practitioners to adapt new techniques. C1 [Lum, Karen T.; Hihn, Jairus M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Baker, Daniel R.] W Virginia Univ, Virginia, WV USA. EM ktlum@jpl.nasa.gov; danielryanbaker@gmail.com; jhihn@jpl.nasa.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2288-3 PY 2008 BP 99 EP 103 PG 5 WC Business, Finance; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Economics; Management; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics SC Business & Economics; Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BIE40 UT WOS:000258907700013 ER PT S AU Johnson, WR Hook, SJ Mouroulis, PZ Wilson, DW Gunapala, SD Hill, CJ Mumolo, JM Eng, BT AF Johnson, William R. Hook, Simon J. Mouroulis, Pantazis Z. Wilson, Daniel W. Gunapala, Sarath D. Hill, Cory J. Mumolo, Jason M. Eng, Bjorn T. BA Lewis, PE BF Lewis, PE BE Shen, SS TI QWEST: Quantum Well Infrared Earth Science Testbed SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XIII CY AUG 12-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE imaging; spectroscopy; QWIP ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; SPECTROMETERS; DESIGN AB Preliminary results are presented for an ultra compact long-wave infrared slit spectrometer based on the Dyson concentric design. The spectrometer has been integrated in a dewar environment with a quantum well infrared photodetecor (QWIP), concave electron beam fabricated diffraction grating and ultra precision slit. The entire system is cooled to cryogenic temperatures to maximize signal to noise ratio performance, hence eliminating thermal signal from transmissive elements and internal stray light. All of this is done while maintaining QWIP thermal control. A general description is given of the spectrometer, alignment technique and predicated performance. The spectrometer has been designed for optimal performance with respect to smile and keystone distortion. A spectral calibration is performed with NIST traceable targets. A 2-point non-uniformity correction is performed with a precision blackbody source to provide radiometric accuracy. Preliminary laboratory results show excellent agreement with modeled noise equivalent delta temperature and detector linearity over a broad temperature range. C1 [Johnson, William R.; Hook, Simon J.; Mouroulis, Pantazis Z.; Wilson, Daniel W.; Gunapala, Sarath D.; Hill, Cory J.; Mumolo, Jason M.; Eng, Bjorn T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Johnson, WR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7306-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7086 AR 708606 DI 10.1117/12.802225 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIO83 UT WOS:000261377300006 ER PT B AU Sunal, DW Sunal, CS Sundberg, C Wright, EL AF Sunal, Dennis W. Sunal, Cynthia S. Sundberg, Cheryl Wright, Emmett L. BE Sunal, DW Wright, EL Sundberg, C TI THE IMPORTANCE OF LABORATORY WORK AND TECHNOLOGY IN SCIENCE TEACHING SO IMPACT OF THE LABORATORY AND TECHNOLOGY ON LEARNING AND TEACHING SCIENCE K-16 SE Research in Science Education Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EDUCATION AB The use of the science laboratory and technology has been a part of science teaching in the United States for more than 120 years. Teachers are aware of, and reflect on, the use of both almost on a daily basis. With this long history, the chapter focuses on investigating the question "What is the importance of laboratory work and technology integration in science teaching, K-16?" The viewpoints of policy documents and stakeholders involved in planning for or using the science laboratory and technology provide the focus of the chapter. An investigation of teachers' perceptions and expectations of the science laboratory and technology demonstrated that, while the majority was aware of the importance, sizable percentages lacked knowledge of purpose and use of the science laboratory and technology in daily classroom practice. Finally, the importance of laboratory work and technology experiences in teaching science requires knowledge and skills to analyze and adapt procedures. The analysis of inquiry potential instrument is described with an example of its use. The purpose of the instrument is as a guide and an aid for teachers in gathering objective data when making critical judgments on planning, use, and adaptation of existing laboratory materials based on the goals and recognized principles of good science education. C1 [Sunal, Dennis W.] NSF, Arlington, VA USA. [Sunal, Dennis W.] NASA, Washington, DC USA. [Sunal, Dennis W.] USIA, Washington, DC USA. [Sunal, Dennis W.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Sunal, Dennis W.] Univ Alabama, Dept Curriculum & Instruct, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Wright, Emmett L.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Wright, Emmett L.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Elementary Secondary Educ & Informal Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Sunal, DW (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Curriculum & Instruct, POB 870232, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM dwsunal@bama.ua.edu; sundbergrc@att.net; birdhunt@ksu.edu; dwsunal@bama.ua.edu; birdhunt@ksu.edu; sundbergrc@att.net NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-59311-744-3 J9 RES SCI EDUC SER PY 2008 BP 1 EP 28 PG 28 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BKD15 UT WOS:000267800200001 ER PT S AU Bao, XQ Biederman, W Sherrit, S Badescu, M Bar-Cohen, Y Jones, C Aldrich, J Chang, ZS AF Bao, Xiaoqi Biederman, Will Sherrit, Stewart Badescu, Mircea Bar-Cohen, Yoseph Jones, Christopher Aldrich, Jack Chang, Zensheu BE Davis, LP Henderson, BK McMickell, MB TI High-power piezoelectric acoustic-electric power feedthru for metal walls SO INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES 2008 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies CY MAR 10-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engn, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE piezoelectric devices; acoustic wave; electric power supply; wireless power feed; pressure vessels AB Piezoelectric acoustic-electric power feed-through devices transfer electric power wirelessly through a solid wall using elastic waves. This approach allows for the elimination of the need for holes through structures for cabling or electrical feed-thrus. The technology supplies power to electric equipment inside sealed containers, vacuum or pressure vessels, etc where holes in the wall are prohibitive or may result in significant performance degradation or requires complex designs. In the our previous work, 100-W of electric power was transferred through a metal wall by a small, piezoelectric device with a simple-structure. To meet requirements of higher power applications, the feasibility to transfer kilowatts level power was investigated. Pre-stressed longitudinal piezoelectric feed-thru devices were analyzed by finite element modeling. An equivalent circuit model was developed to predict the characteristics of power transfer to different electric loads. Based on the analytical results, a prototype device was designed, fabricated and successfully demonstrated to transfer electric power at a level of 1-kW. Methods of minimizing plate wave excitation on the wall were also analyzed. Both model analysis and experimental results are presented in detail in this paper. C1 [Bao, Xiaoqi; Biederman, Will; Sherrit, Stewart; Badescu, Mircea; Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Jones, Christopher; Aldrich, Jack; Chang, Zensheu] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bao, XQ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM xbao@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7116-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6930 AR 69300Z DI 10.1117/12.776473 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Transportation GA BHW25 UT WOS:000256996500027 ER PT J AU Oza, NC Tumer, K AF Oza, Nikunj C. Tumer, Kagan TI Applications of ensemble methods SO INFORMATION FUSION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Oza, NC (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM oza@email.arc.nasa.gov; kagan.tumer@oregonstate.edu NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-2535 J9 INFORM FUSION JI Inf. Fusion PD JAN PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 2 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.inffus.2007.07.004 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 233DI UT WOS:000251070200002 ER PT J AU Oza, NC Tumer, K AF Oza, Nikunj C. Tumer, Kagan TI Classifier ensembles: Select real-world applications SO INFORMATION FUSION LA English DT Review DE classifier ensembles; ensemble applications ID MULTIMODAL BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION; MULTIPLE CLASSIFIERS; ORDER-STATISTICS; NETWORK; RECOGNITION; SYSTEMS; FUSION; PARAMETERS; SUPPORT; FORESTS AB Broad classes of statistical classification algorithms have been developed and applied successfully to a wide range of real-world domains. In general, ensuring that the particular classification algorithm matches the properties of the data is crucial in providing results that meet the needs of the particular application domain. One way in which the impact of this algorithm/application match can be alleviated is by using ensembles of classifiers, where a variety of classifiers (either different types of classifiers or different instantiations of the same classifier) are pooled before a final classification decision is made. Intuitively, classifier ensembles allow the different needs of a difficult problem to be handled by classifiers suited to those particular needs. Mathematically, classifier ensembles provide an extra degree of freedom in the classical bias/variance tradeoff, allowing solutions that would be difficult (if not impossible) to reach with only a single classifier. Because of these advantages, classifier ensembles have been applied to many difficult real-world problems. In this paper, we survey select applications of ensemble methods to problems that have historically been most representative of the difficulties in classification. In particular, we survey applications of ensemble methods to remote sensing, person recognition, one vs. all recognition, and medicine. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Oza, NC (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM oza@email.arc.nasa.gov; kagan.tumer@oregonstate.edu NR 124 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-2535 J9 INFORM FUSION JI Inf. Fusion PD JAN PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 4 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.inffus.2007.07.002 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 233DI UT WOS:000251070200003 ER PT J AU Farhoomand, J Sisson, DL Beeman, JW AF Farhoomand, Jam Sisson, David L. Beeman, Jeff W. TI Viability of layered-hybrid architecture for far IR focal-plane arrays SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE germanium; far IR; submillimeter; photoconductor; FPA ID INFRARED PHOTOCONDUCTOR ARRAYS; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN; INSTRUMENT; SURVEYOR; HERSCHEL; PACS AB The standard planar hybrid architecture, commonly used to construct near and mid-infrared focal-plane arrays, is not suitable for far IR detectors where readout glow, lack of efficient heat dissipation, and thermal mismatch between the detector and the readout could potentially limit their performance. In response, a new layered-hybrid structure was introduced to alleviate these problems and make possible the construction of large format far IR FPAs. To assess the viability of this design, we have fabricated and tested a prototype 2 x 16 Ge:Sb array coupled to a 1 x 32 SBRC 190 cryogenic readout in a construction similar to the layered-hybrid. In this paper we present the results of our tests which prove the effectiveness of the layered-hybrid structure in blocking the readout glow and providing uniform cooling across the array. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Farhoomand, Jam; Sisson, David L.] TechnoSci Corp, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. [Farhoomand, Jam; Sisson, David L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Beeman, Jeff W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Farhoomand, J (reprint author), TechnoSci Corp, POB 60658, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. EM jfarhoomand@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 152 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2007.07.004 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 257GH UT WOS:000252786700003 ER PT S AU Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Liu, JK Mumolo, JM Hill, CJ Ting, DZ Kurth, E Woolaway, J Levan, PD Tidrow, MZ AF Gunapala, S. D. Bandara, S. V. Liu, J. K. Mumolo, J. M. Hill, C. J. Ting, D. Z. Kurth, E. Woolaway, J. Levan, P. D. Tidrow, M. Z. BE Strojnik, M TI Mid-Wave and Long-Wave Infrared Dualband Megapixel QWIP Focal Plane Array SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing and Instrumentation CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Infrared detectors; maga-pixel; QWIP; dualband; two-color; infrared imaging; focal plane arrays AB Mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) 1024x1024 pixel InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs based quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal planes and a 320x256 pixel dualband pixel co-registered simultaneous QWIP focal plane array have been demonstrated as pathfinders. In this paper, we discuss the development of 1024x1024 MWIR/LWIR dualband pixel co-registered simultaneous QWIP focal plane array. C1 [Gunapala, S. D.; Bandara, S. V.; Liu, J. K.; Mumolo, J. M.; Hill, C. J.; Ting, D. Z.; Kurth, E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7302-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7082 AR 708209 DI 10.1117/12.796361 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR86 UT WOS:000262361900006 ER PT S AU Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Liu, JK Mumolo, JM Hill, CJ Ting, DZ Kurth, E Woolaway, J Levan, PD Tidrow, MZ AF Gunapala, S. D. Bandara, S. V. Liu, J. K. Mumolo, J. M. Hill, C. J. Ting, D. Z. Kurth, E. Woolaway, J. LeVan, P. D. Tidrow, M. Z. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Development of megapixel dual-band QWIP focal plane array SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXIV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications CY MAR 17-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infrared detectors; maga-pixel; QWIP; dualband; two-color; infrared imaging; focal plane arrays ID CAMERA AB Mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) 1024x1024 pixel InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs based quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal planes and a 320x256 pixel dualband pixel co-registered simultaneous QWIP focal plane array have been demonstrated as pathfinders. In this paper, we discuss the development of 1024x1024 MWIR/LWIR dualband pixel co-registered simultaneous QWIP focal plane array. C1 [Gunapala, S. D.; Bandara, S. V.; Liu, J. K.; Mumolo, J. M.; Hill, C. J.; Ting, D. Z.; Kurth, E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7131-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6940 AR 69402T DI 10.1117/12.783841 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHW85 UT WOS:000257109000092 ER PT S AU Hill, CJ Soibel, A Keo, SA Mumolo, JM Gunapala, SD Rhiger, DR Kvaas, RE Harris, SF AF Hill, Cory J. Soibel, Alexander Keo, Sam A. Mumolo, Jason. M. Gunapala, Sarath. D. Rhiger, David R. Kvaas, Robert E. Harris, Sean F. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Infrared imaging arrays based on superlattice photodiodes SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXIV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications CY MAR 17-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID DETECTORS AB We report on the status of focal plane arrays (FPAs) based on GaSb/InAs type-II superlattice diodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and designed for infrared absorption in the 2-5 mu m and 8-10 mu m bands. Recent LWIR devices have produced differential resistance-area product greater than 100 Ohmcm(2) at 80 K with a long wavelength cutoff of approximately 10 mu m. The measured quantum efficiency of these front-side illuminated devices is close to 25% in the 8-9 mu m range. MWIR devices have produced detectivities as high as 8x10(13) Jones with a differential resistance-area product greater than 3X10(7) Ohmcm(2) at 80 K with a long wavelength cutoff of approximately 3.7 mu m. The measured quantum efficiency of these front-side illuminated MWIR devices is close to 40% in the 2-3 mu m range at low temperature and increases to over 60% near room temperature. Initial results on SiO(2) and epitaxial-regrowth based passivation techniques are also presented, as well as images from the first lot of 1kx1k MWIR arrays and our latest 256x256 LWIR arrays. C1 [Hill, Cory J.; Soibel, Alexander; Keo, Sam A.; Mumolo, Jason. M.; Gunapala, Sarath. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hill, CJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7131-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6940 AR 69400C DI 10.1117/12.783934 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHW85 UT WOS:000257109000010 ER PT S AU Ting, DZY Chang, YC Bandara, SV Gunapala, SD AF Ting, David Z. -Y. Chang, Yia-Chung Bandara, Sumith V. Gunapala, Sarath D. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Quantum well intra-subband photodetector (QWISP): Prospects for large-format far infrared facal-plane arrays SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXIV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications CY MAR 17-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE far infrared; terahertz; quantum well; intra-subband; photodetector ID FREE-CARRIER ABSORPTION; COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS; TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY; IMPLEMENTATION; GRATINGS AB We describe a recently proposed device concept of using of the dopant-assisted intra-subband absorption mechanism in quantum wells for normal-incidence far infrared / terahertz radiation detection. The Quantum Well Intra-Subband Photodetector (QWISP) is closely related to the quantum-well infrared photodetector (QWIP), which is now been utilized routinely to fabricate large-format (mega-pixel), multi-spectral (3 to 15 mu m) focal plane arrays. The QWISP is a compact device that is compatible with existing GaAs QWIP focal-plane array technology. We describe the basic physics and device concept of the QWISP, present a theoretical analysis on its far-IR detection properties, and discuss prospects toward its experimental realization. C1 [Ting, David Z. -Y.; Bandara, Sumith V.; Gunapala, Sarath D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ting, DZY (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM David.Z.Ting@jpl.nasa.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7131-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6940 AR 694006 DI 10.1117/12.783869 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHW85 UT WOS:000257109000004 ER PT J AU Latch, JN Hamilton, RF Holian, A James, JT Lam, CW AF Latch, Judith N. Hamilton, Raymond F., Jr. Holian, Andrij James, John T. Lam, Chiu-wing TI Toxicity of lunar and Martian dust simulants to alveolar macrophages isolated from human volunteers SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SILICA-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; PULMONARY TOXICITY; MICE; PHENOTYPE AB NASA is planning to build a habitat on the Moon and use the Moon as a stepping stone to Mars. JSC-1, an Arizona volcanic ash that has mineral properties similar to those of lunar soil, is used to produce lunar environments for instrument and equipment testing. NASA is concerned about potential health risks to workers exposed to these fine dusts in test facilities. The potential toxicity of JSC-1 lunar soil simulant and a Martian soil simulant (JSC-Mars-1, a Hawaiian volcanic ash) was evaluated using human alveolar macrophages (HAM) isolated from volunteers; titanium dioxide and quartz were used as reference dusts. This investigation is a prerequisite to studies of actual lunar dust. HAM were treated in vitro with these test dusts for 24 h; assays of cell viability and apoptosis showed that JSC-1 and TiO2 were comparable, and more toxic than saline control but less toxic than quartz. HAM treated with JSC-1 or JSC-Mars 1 showed a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxicity. To elucidate the mechanism by which these dusts induce apoptosis, we investigated the involvement of scavenger receptors (SR). Pretreatment of cells with polyinosinic acid, an SR blocker, significantly inhibited both apoptosis and necrosis. These results suggest HAM cytotoxicity may be initiated by interaction of the dust particles with SR. Besides being cytotoxic, silica is known to induce shifting of HAM phenotypes to an immune active status. The immunomodulatory effect of the dust simulants was investigated. Treatment of HAM with either simulant caused preferential damage to the suppressor macrophage subpopulation, leading to a net increase in the ratio of activator (RFD1(+)) to suppressor (RFD1(+)7(+)) macrophages, an effect similar to that of treatment with silica. It is recommended that appropriate precautions be used to minimize exposure to these fine dusts in large-scale engineering applications. C1 [Latch, Judith N.; Hamilton, Raymond F., Jr.; Holian, Andrij] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Houston, TX 77225 USA. [James, John T.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Toxicol Gr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [James, John T.; Lam, Chiu-wing] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Toxicol Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Latch, JN (reprint author), Johnson Space Ctr, Toxicol Grp & Wyle, SF 23, Houston, TX 77058 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-02558] NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1080/08958370701821219 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286BY UT WOS:000254821600005 PM 18236230 ER PT S AU Chen, B Cabrol, N Mckay, CP Shi, C Gu, C Newhouse, R Zhang, J Lam, TL Pei, QB AF Chen, Bin Cabrol, Nathalie McKay, Christopher P. Shi, Chao Gu, Claire Newhouse, Rebecca Zhang, Jin Lam, Tuling Pei, Qibing BE Hoover, RB Levin, GV Rozanov, AY Davies, PCW TI Mix and Match: Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation in Field Applications SO Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XI CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Raman spectroscopy; Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS); Resonant Raman Scattering; Laser Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (LIF); Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS); field samples; in situ measurement; organic carbon constituents; minerology ID PLANETARY SURFACES; MARS; EXPLORATION; LASER AB We present Raman spectroscopy analysis on laboratory and field sample analysis on several expeditions. Our measurements in mineral and organic composition have demonstrated that both mineral and organic species in low concentrations can be identified with Raman spectroscopy with no sample preparations and without instrument probe contact to the samples. Our laboratory studies on cyanobacterial biomat, and Mojave Desert rocks have demonstrated the promising potential for Raman spectroscopy as a non-destructive, in situ, high throughput detection technique, as well as a desirable active remote sensing tool for future planetary and space missions. C1 [Chen, Bin; Cabrol, Nathalie; McKay, Christopher P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Chen, B (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RI Pei, Qibing/N-7497-2015 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7317-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7097 AR 709715 DI 10.1117/12.802772 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIS82 UT WOS:000262473900032 ER PT S AU Hoover, RB AF Hoover, Richard B. BE Hoover, RB Levin, GV Rozanov, AY Davies, PCW TI Microfossils of Filamentous Prokaryotes in CI1 and CM2 Meteorites SO Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XI CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Microfossils; Orgucil; Murchison; carbonaceous meteorites; FESEM; EDS ID AMINO-ACID ENANTIOMERS; MURCHISON METEORITE; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; ORGUEIL METEORITE; HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS; AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; NITROGEN; PORPHYRINS AB Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) studies of recently obtained samples of Orgucil, Ivuna and Murchison meteorites have provided further evidence for the existence of indigenous filamentous microfossils embedded in the mineral matrix of CI1 and CM2 carbonaceous meteorites. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) spot data and 2-D elemental X-ray maps establish that the nitrogen and sulphur content of the forms found in the meteorites are dramatically different from modern prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. These results are interpreted as providing additional evidence for the existence of a complex suite of indigenous microfossils in carbonaceous meteorites. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Astrobiol Lab, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Hoover, RB (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Astrobiol Lab, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM Richard.Hoover@NASA.GOV; Richard.Hoover@NASA.GOV NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7317-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7097 AR 709703 DI 10.1117/12.801013 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIS82 UT WOS:000262473900001 ER PT S AU Mouroulis, P Blaney, DL Green, RO AF Mouroulis, Pantazis Blaney, Diana L. Green, Robert O. BE Hoover, RB Levin, GV Rozanov, AY Davies, PCW TI Instrumentation for reflectance spectroscopy and microspectroscopy with application to astrobiology SO Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XI CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE reflectance spectroscopy; microspectroscopy; imaging spectroscopy ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER; RAMAN; MARS; IDENTIFICATION; TETRACORDER; MINERALS; ROCKS AB We present instrument concepts for in-situ reflectance spectroscopy over a spatial resolution range from several meters to tens of pin. These have been adapted to the low mass and power requirements of rover or similar platforms. Described are a miniaturized imaging spectrometer for rover mast, a combined mast and arm point spectrometer, and an imaging microspectrometer for the rover arm. C1 [Mouroulis, Pantazis; Blaney, Diana L.; Green, Robert O.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mouroulis, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM pantazis.mouroulis@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7317-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7097 AR 70970D DI 10.1117/12.793474 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIS82 UT WOS:000262473900010 ER PT S AU Sekanina, Z AF Sekanina, Zdenek BE Hoover, RB Levin, GV Rozanov, AY Davies, PCW TI Episodic aging and end states of comets SO Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XI CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE comets; nucleus; fragmentation; aging; end state ID DEEP IMPACT OBSERVATIONS; AMORPHOUS WATER ICE; NONGRAVITATIONAL FORCES; SUNGRAZING COMETS; PERIODIC COMETS; LIGHT-CURVE; EVOLUTION; MODEL; FRAGMENTS; NUCLEUS AB It is known that comets are aging very rapidly on cosmic scales, because they rapidly shed mass. The processes involved are (i) normal activity-sublimation of ices and expulsion of dust from discrete emission sources on and/or below the surface of a comet's nucleus, and (ii) nuclear fragmentation. Both modes are episodic in nature, the latter includes major steps in the comet's life cycle. The role and history of dynamical techniques used are described and results on mass losses due to sublimation and dust expulsion are reviewed. Studies of split comets, Holmes-like exploding comets, and cataclysmically fragmenting comets show that masses of 10 to 100 million tons are involved in the fragmentation process. This and other information is used to investigate the nature of comets' episodic aging. Based on recent advances in understanding the surface morphology of cometary nuclei by close-up imaging, a possible mechanism for large-scale fragmentation events is proposed and shown to be consistent with evidence available from observations. Strongly flattened, pancake-like shapes appear to be required for comet fragments by conceptual constraints. Possible end states are briefly examined. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sekanina, Z (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Zdenek.Sekanina@jpl.nasa.gov NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7317-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7097 AR 70970X DI 10.1117/12.801143 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIS82 UT WOS:000262473900026 ER PT J AU MacLeod, TC Phillips, TA Ho, FD AF MacLeod, Todd C. Phillips, Thomas A. Ho, Fat D. TI CHARACTERIZING AN ANALOG AMPLIFIER UTILIZING A FERROELECTRIC TRANSISTOR SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article AB The use of ferroelectric materials for digital memory devices is widely researched and implemented, but ferroelectric devices also posses unique characteristics that made them have interesting and useful properties in analog circuits. Because ferroelectric transistors posses the properties of hysteresis and nonlinearity, an analog amplifier containing an FeFET has very different characteristics than one with a traditional FET. This paper characterizes the properties of a simple analog amplifier using both a traditional FET and a ferroelectric FET. The characterization includes voltage transfer, gain, frequency response, and operating modes. Because of the hysteresis effects the FeFET amplifier has two distinct operating modes, each with significantly different properties. These two regions have very different gain characteristics and are nonlinear. This has the effect of being able to program the FeFET to have two different voltage transfer/current characteristics with a single device. This can allow a flexible circuit that can change its analog properties on-the-fly with only a programming pulse. Modeled and measured data are presented showing the characteristics of this device. Comparisons are made between the ferroelectric device and the properties of a standard analog amplifier. Potential benefits and possible uses of such a device are presented. C1 [MacLeod, Todd C.; Phillips, Thomas A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Engn Directorate, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Ho, Fat D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP MacLeod, TC (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Engn Directorate, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM todd.macleod@nasa.gov NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 104 BP 40 EP 47 AR PII 906543398 DI 10.1080/10584580802554851 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 387HQ UT WOS:000261942700006 ER PT J AU Mueller, CH Van Keuls, FW Romanofsky, RR Miranda, FA AF Mueller, Carl H. Van Keuls, Frederick W. Romanofsky, Robert R. Miranda, Felix A. TI ERROR VECTOR MEASUREMENTS OF BST COUPLED MICROSTRIPLINE PHASE SHIFTERS (CMPS) USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF MODULATION SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE BST thin films; ferroelectric; phase shifters; coupled microstripline; modulation; tunable; EVM ID REFLECTARRAY ANTENNAS AB Error vector measurements (EVM) are used to investigate whether the nonlinear properties of a ferroelectric coupled microstrip phase shifter (CMPS) impact the quality of a radio frequency (RF) signal that is modulated, transmitted through the ferroelectric CMPS, and demodulated. Measurements were performed using a variety of phase shift key (PSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) formats. At RF power levels up to +6 dBm and symbol rates up to 7 megasamples per second (Msps), we observed no degradation in EVM that could be associated with the ferroelectric phase shifter. These preliminary results are encouraging for the suitability of these devices to perform in high power, high bandwidth space communication applications. C1 [Mueller, Carl H.] Qinetiq N Amer, Cleveland, OH USA. [Van Keuls, Frederick W.] Ohio Aerosp Corp, Cleveland, OH USA. [Romanofsky, Robert R.; Miranda, Felix A.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Mueller, Carl H.] Qinetiq N Amer, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Van Keuls, Frederick W.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Romanofsky, Robert R.; Miranda, Felix A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Mueller, CH (reprint author), Qinetiq N Amer, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM carl.mueller@grc.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 100 BP 263 EP 273 AR PII 906862726 DI 10.1080/10584580802543409 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 384SV UT WOS:000261765400026 ER PT J AU Phillips, TA Macleod, TC Ho, FD AF Phillips, Thomas A. Macleod, Todd C. Ho, Fat D. TI Modeling of a ferroelectric field-effect transistor static random access memory cell SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAY 08-AUG 12, 2007 CL Natl Sch Elect & Telecoms, Bordeaux, FRANCE SP Inst Condensed Matter Chem Bordeaux HO Natl Sch Elect & Telecoms DE MFSFET; FFET; FeFET; ferroelectric transistor; SRAM; FeSRAM AB Ferroelectric devices provide many benefits over standard Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) devices. There is considerable interest in the aerospace industry in the reliability and radiation hardening effects that the ferroelectric memory devices provide. The modeling of a Ferroelectric Static Random Access Memory (FeSRAM) cell is to be investigated. The SRAM memory cell under investigation is a standard four transistor cell with the MOS Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) replaced with Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistors (FeFETs). The SRAM FeFETs were simulated by using a previously developed model. Comparisons were made between the FeSRAM and a standard MOSFET SRAM. C1 [Ho, Fat D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Phillips, Thomas A.; Macleod, Todd C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Ho, FD (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM thomas.a.phillips@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 96 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1080/10584580802091813 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 317YW UT WOS:000257057400009 ER PT J AU Tunstel, E Ribeiro, RA AF Tunstel, Edward Ribeiro, Rita Almeida TI GUEST EDITORIAL: SPECIAL SECTION ON SOFT COMPUTING FOR SPACE AUTONOMY SO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Tunstel, Edward] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ribeiro, Rita Almeida] Univ Nova Lisboa, CA3, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. RP Tunstel, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 198-219, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM tunstel@robotics.jpl.nasa.gov; rar@uninova.pt RI ribeiro, rita/A-5372-2012 OI ribeiro, rita/0000-0002-3849-0151 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AUTOSOFT PRESS PI SAN ANTONIO PA 18015 BOLLIS HILL, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78258 USA SN 1079-8587 J9 INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO JI Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 SI SI BP 245 EP 247 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 360KA UT WOS:000260055200001 ER PT J AU Johnston, MD AF Johnston, Mark D. TI AN EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM APPROACH TO MULTI-OBJECTIVE SCHEDULING OF SPACE NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS SO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE scheduling; multi-objective optimization; evolutionary algorithms AB We describe an evolutionary multi-objective optimization approach to the scheduling problem presented by the NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN). This network is the communications system that supports NASA and other space missions from high earth orbit to the outer planets. Today the DSN consists of a small number of large antennas, but in the future it is expected to incorporate several large arrays of smaller antennas that can be flexibly combined for each spacecraft communication session. Multi-objective techniques for schedule optimization have the attractive advantage of explicitly capturing the constraints and preferences of the missions that use the DSN, as well as those based on system-level considerations, and providing unique insight into trade-offs among competing requirements. We have investigated problem representation issues, objective and constraint formulations, and multi-objective optimization techniques that can be applied to this problem. We describe our initial results using an evolutionary algorithm on an illustrative sample problem (contention for a single antenna), and on a projected 2015 mission set with a three-site, 300 antenna array. The results are very promising, not only for generating initial schedules, but also for resolving conflicts where there is severe resource contention. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Johnston, MD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mark.d.johnston@jpl.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AUTOSOFT PRESS PI SAN ANTONIO PA 18015 BOLLIS HILL, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78258 USA SN 1079-8587 J9 INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO JI Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 SI SI BP 367 EP 376 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 360KA UT WOS:000260055200009 ER PT S AU Aspinall, D Denney, E Luth, C AF Aspinall, David Denney, Ewen Lueth, Christoph BE Autexier, S Campbell, J Rubio, J Sorge, V Suzuki, M Wiedijk, F TI A tactic language for hiproofs SO INTELLIGENT COMPUTER MATHEMATICS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Int Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Symbol Computat/15th Symposium on Integrat of Symbol Computat and Mechanized Res/7th Int Conference on Math Knowledge Management CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2008 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND AB We introduce and study a tactic language, Hitac, for constructing hierarchical proofs, known as hiproofs. The idea, of hiproofs is to superimpose a labelled hierarchical nesting, on an ordinary proof tree. The labels and nesting are used to describe the organisation of the proof, typically relating to its construction process. This can be useful for understanding and navigating the proof. Tactics in our language construct hiproof structure together with an underlying proof tree. We provide both a big-step and a. small-step operational semantics for evaluating tactic expressions. The big-step semantics captures the intended meaning, whereas the small-step semantics hints at possible implementations and provides a unified notion of proof state. We prove that these notions are equivalent, and construct valid proofs. C1 [Aspinall, David] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Informat, LFCS, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Denney, Ewen] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lueth, Christoph] Deutsches Forschungszentrum Kunstliche Inte, Bremen, Germany. RP Aspinall, D (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Informat, LFCS, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-85109-7 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2008 VL 5144 BP 339 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematics SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BIC46 UT WOS:000258392600029 ER PT S AU Kang, BH Boussalis, D Fathpour, N AF Kang, Bryan H. Boussalis, Dhemetrios Fathpour, Nanaz BE Novak, EL Osten, W Gorecki, C TI SIM Planet Quest Lite Interferometer Guide 2 Telescope Pointing Control System SO Interferometry XIV: Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry XIV: Applications CY AUG 13-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE guide 2 telescope; Interferometry; pointing control; angular metrology; fast steering mirror; Siderostat AB The Space Interferometry Mission - Planet Quest Lite (SIM-PQL) Guide 2 telescope system is currently being developed at JPL. The SIM-PQL is a new mission concept to perform micro-arcsecond narrow-angle astrometry to search approximately 50 nearby stars for Earth-like planets, and to perform global astrometry with an accuracy of six micro-arcseconds in position and parallax. The novel cost and mass reducing "Lite" concept includes reduction in interferometer baselines and replacing the second guide interferometer (Guide 2) with a telescopic system. The resulting simplification still allows meeting most science goals without significant performance degradation. The Guide 2 telescope employs a nulling pointing control system that utilizes a Fast Steering Mirror (FSM.) as an actuator and a star tracking CCD camera as a control sensor. Under the nulling closed loop control, the modulated attitude motion of the instrument is picked off by a metrology FSM tip-tilt sensor (AMET). The Guide 2 pointing control system requires mili-arcsecond class fine pointing, maintenance of low jitter and thermal stability and a sub-nanometer class metrology system that ties the sensor bench to rest of the instrument. This paper presents the Guide 2 telescope pointing control system design and resulting performance estimates. The pointing control requirements are first stated followed by the descriptions of the system architecture, algorithm design and simulation results. Concept and algorithm validation is conducted on a workstation-based simulation testbed, specifically developed to capture critical sensor/actuator behavior and environmental disturbances. C1 [Kang, Bryan H.; Boussalis, Dhemetrios; Fathpour, Nanaz] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kang, BH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7284-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7064 AR 70640G DI 10.1117/12.796213 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIS87 UT WOS:000262474500014 ER PT S AU Blake, P Greenfield, P Hack, W Miller, JT Busko, I Saif, B Eegholm, B Keski-Kuha, R Bluth, M AF Blake, Peter Greenfield, Perry Hack, Warren Miller, J. Todd Busko, Ivo Saif, Babak Eegholm, Bente Keski-Kuha, Ritva Bluth, Marcel BE Schmit, J Creath, K Towers, CE TI Spatially Phase-Shifted Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry (SPS-DSPI) and Cryogenic Structures: recent improvements SO INTERFEROMETRY XIV: TECHNIQUES AND ANALYSIS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry XIV - Techiques and Analysis CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Speckle; interferometry; ESPI; Breadbox; cryogenic test; thermal distortion; JWST; ISIM; Python AB The Spatially Phase Shifted Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometer (SPS-DSPI) is a speckle pattern interferometer in which the four phase-shifted interferograms are captured simultaneously in a single image. Designed to measure thermal distortions of large matte-surfaced structures for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) program, this metrology instrument has been used in two major cryo-distortion tests. This report will describe how differences in the vibrational motions of the test objects necessitated changes in basic algorithms. The authors also report operational upgrades, quantification of uncertainty, and improvement of the software operability with a graphic interface. Results from the tests of the JWST test structures are discussed as illustration. C1 [Blake, Peter; Keski-Kuha, Ritva] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Blake, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM peter.n.blake@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7283-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7063 AR 706306 DI 10.1117/12.797467 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIQ86 UT WOS:000262082100005 ER PT B AU Saini, S Talcott, D Jespersen, D Djomehri, J Jin, HQ Biswas, R AF Saini, Subhash Talcott, Dale Jespersen, Dennis Djomehri, Jahed Jin, Haoqiang Biswas, Rupak GP IEEE TI Scientific Application-Based Performance Comparison of SGI Altix 4700, IBM POWER5+, and SGI ICE 8200 Supercomputers SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB The suitability of next-generation high-performance computing systems for petascale simulations will depend on various performance factors attributable to processor, memory, local and global network, and input/output characteristics. In this paper, we evaluate performance of new dual-core SGI Altix 4700, quad-core SGI Altix ICE 8200, and dual-core IBM POWER5+ systems. To measure performance, we used micro-bench marks from High Performance Computing Challenge (HPCC), NAS Parallel Benchmarks (NPB), and four real-world applications-three from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and one from climate modeling. We used the micro-benchmarks to develop a controlled understanding of individual system components, then analyzed and interpreted performance of the NPBs and applications. We also explored the hybrid programming model (MPI+OpenMP) using multi-zone NPBs and the CFD application OVERFLOW-2. Achievable application performance is compared across the systems. For the ICE platform, we also investigated the effect of memory bandwidth on performance by testing 1, 2, 4, and 8 cores per node. C1 [Saini, Subhash; Talcott, Dale; Jespersen, Dennis; Djomehri, Jahed; Jin, Haoqiang; Biswas, Rupak] NASA, NASA Adv Supercomp Div, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Saini, S (reprint author), NASA, NASA Adv Supercomp Div, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Subhash.Saini@nasa.gov; Dale.R.Talcott@nasa.gov; Dennis.Jespersen@nasa.gov; Jahed.Djomehri@nasa.gov; Haoqiang.Jin@nasa.gov; Rupak.Biswas@nasa.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 728 EP 739 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200065 ER PT B AU Tripathi, RK AF Tripathi, Ram K. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Vital role of nuclear data in space missions SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID CROSS-SECTIONS AB NASA has a new vision for space exploration in the 21st Century encompassing a broad range of human and robotic missions including missions to Moon, Mars and beyond. Exposure from the hazards of severe space radiation in deep space long duration missions is a critical design driver. Thus, protection from the hazards of severe space radiation is of paramount importance for the new vision. Accurate risk assessments critically depend on the accuracy of the input information about the interaction of ions with materials, electronics and tissues. A huge amount of essential experimental information of nuclear data for all the ions in space, across the periodic table, for a wide range of energies of several (up to a trillion) orders of magnitude are needed for the radiation protection engineering for space missions that is simply not available (due to the high costs) and probably never will be. One is required to know how every element (and all isotopes of each element) in the periodic table interacts and fragments on every other element in the same table as a function of kinetic energy ranging over many decades. In addition, the accuracy of the input information and database, in general and nuclear data in particular, is very critical and of paramount importance for space exposure assessments particularly in view the agency's vision for deep space exploration. As a result, very accurate and reliable analytical models/tools are needed to describe nuclear interactions that are not available so that radiation risks can be assessed and adequate shielding can be designed. State-of-the-art nuclear cross sections models have been developed at the NASA Langley Research Center. An overview of the vital role and importance of nuclear data for space missions with a couple of examples are discussed. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Tripathi, RK (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM ram.k.tripathi@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 1291 EP 1294 DI 10.1051/ndata:07522 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000137 ER PT J AU Ertem, G Snellinger-O'Brien, AM Ertem, MC Rogoff, DA Dworkin, JP Johnston, MV Hazen, RM AF Ertem, Goezen Snellinger-O'Brien, Ann M. Ertem, M. C. Rogoff, D. A. Dworkin, Jason P. Johnston, Murray V. Hazen, Robert M. TI Abiotic formation of RNA-like oligomers by montmorillonite catalysis: part II SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemical evolution; HPLC; MALDI-MS; mineral catalysis; montmorillonite; oligonucleotides; RNA ID TEMPLATE-DIRECTED SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; LIFE; REGIOSELECTIVITY; NUCLEOTIDES; ORIGIN; 5'-AMP AB This work is in extension of our previous studies carried out to investigate the possible catalytic role of minerals in the abiotic synthesis of biologically important molecules. In the presence of montmorillonitc, a member of the phyllosilicate group minerals that are abundant on Earth and identified on Mars, activated RNA monomers, namely 5 '-phosphorimidazolides of nucleosides (ImpNs), undergo condensation reactions in aqueous electrolyte solution producing oligomers with similar structures to short RNA fragments. Analysis of the linear trimer isomers formed in the reaction of a mixture of activated adenosine and cytidine monomers (ImpA and ImpC, respectively) employing high-performance liquid chromatography, selective enzymatic hydrolysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopy molecular weight measurements demonstrate that montmorillonite catalysis facilitates the formation of hetero-isomers containing 56% A- and 44% C-monomer incorporated in their structure. The results also show that 56% of the monomer units are linked together by RNA-like 3 ',5 '-phosphodiester bonds. These results follow the same trend observed inour most recent work studying the reaction of activated adenosine and uridine monomers, and support Bernal's hypothesis proposing the possible catalytic role of minerals in the abiotic processes in the course of chemical evolution. C1 [Ertem, Goezen; Hazen, Robert M.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Ertem, Goezen; Hazen, Robert M.] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Snellinger-O'Brien, Ann M.; Johnston, Murray V.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Ertem, M. C.] Univ Res Fdn, Maryland Adv Dev Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Ertem, Goezen; Rogoff, D. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Ertem, Goezen; Dworkin, Jason P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ertem, G (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RI Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012 OI Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1473-5504 J9 INT J ASTROBIOL JI Int. J. Astrobiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1017/S147355040700393X PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 541AK UT WOS:000273382800001 ER PT J AU Schuerger, AC Trigwell, S Calle, CI AF Schuerger, Andrew C. Trigwell, Steven Calle, Carlos I. TI Use of non-thermal atmospheric plasmas to reduce the viability of Bacillus subtilis on spacecraft surfaces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mars; planetary protection; spacecraft cleanliness ID GLOW-DISCHARGE PLASMA; PLANETARY PROTECTION; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; ASSEMBLY FACILITY; UV-IRRADIATION; OXYGEN PLASMA; STERILIZATION; PRESSURE; SPORES; MARS AB Atmospheric pressure glow-discharge (APGD) plasmas have been proposed for sterilizing spacecraft surfaces prior to launch. The advantages of APGD plasmas for the sterilization of spacecraft surfaces include low temperatures at treatment sites, rapid inactivation kinetics of exposed microbial cells, physical degradation and removal of microbial cells, physical removal of organic biosignature molecules, and short exposure times for the materials. However, few studies have tested APGD plasmas on spacecraft materials for their effectiveness in both sterilizing surfaces and removal of microbial cells or spores. A helium (He)+oxygen (O(2)) APGD plasma was used to expose six spacecraft materials (aluminum 6061, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polycarbonate, Saf-T-Vu, Rastex, and Herculite 20) doped with spores of the common spacecraft contaminant, Bacillus subtilis, for periods of time up to 6 min. Results indicated that greater than six orders of magnitude reductions in viability were observed for B. subtilis spores in as short of time as 40 s exposure to the APGD plasmas. Spacecraft materials were not affected by exposures to the APGD plasmas. However, Saf T-VLu was the only material in which spores of B. subtilis adhered more aggressively to plasma-treated coupons when compared to non-plasma treated coupons; all other materials exhibited no significant differences between plasma and non-plasma treated coupons. In addition, spores of B. subtilis were physically degraded by exposures to the plasmas beginning at the terminal ends of spores, which appeared to be ruptured after only 30 s. After 300 s, most bacteria were removed from aluminium coupons, and only subtle residues of bacterial secretions or biofilms remained. Results support the conclusion that APGD plamas can be used as a prelaunch cleaning and sterilization treatment oil spacecraft materials provided that the biocidal and cleaning times are shorter than those required to alter surface properties of materials. C1 [Schuerger, Andrew C.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Space Life Sci Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Trigwell, Steven] Electrostat & Surface Phys Lab, ASRC Aerosp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Calle, Carlos I.] NASA, Electrostat & Surface Phys Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Schuerger, AC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Space Life Sci Lab, Bldg M6-1025, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM acschuerger@ifas.ufl.edu; steven.trigwell-1@nasa.gov; carlos.i.calle@nasa.gov NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1473-5504 J9 INT J ASTROBIOL JI Int. J. Astrobiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1017/S1473550407004016 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 541AK UT WOS:000273382800005 ER PT J AU Pilcher, C AF Pilcher, Carl TI Life, the Universe and habitable zones SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pilcher, Carl] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1473-5504 J9 INT J ASTROBIOL JI Int. J. Astrobiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 61 EP 61 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 541AK UT WOS:000273382800007 ER PT J AU Bryant, DE Gorrell, IB Greenfield, D Evans, SM Wang, L Heard, DE Blitz, MA Goddard, A Smith, C Pasek, MA Kee, TP AF Bryant, D. E. Gorrell, I. B. Greenfield, D. Evans, S. M. Wang, L. Heard, D. E. Blitz, M. A. Goddard, A. Smith, C. Pasek, M. A. Kee, T. P. TI Phosphorus redox chemistry in planetary environments: implications for the origins of life SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bryant, D. E.; Gorrell, I. B.; Evans, S. M.; Heard, D. E.; Blitz, M. A.; Goddard, A.; Kee, T. P.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Greenfield, D.] Sheffield Hallam Univ, Ctr Corros Technol, Mat & Engn Res Inst, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire, England. [Wang, L.] S China Univ Technol, Sch Chem, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Smith, C.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Pasek, M. A.] Univ Arizona, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM t.p.kee@leeds.ac.uk RI blitz, mark/A-1195-2009 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1473-5504 J9 INT J ASTROBIOL JI Int. J. Astrobiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 66 EP 67 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 541AK UT WOS:000273382800026 ER PT J AU Mancinelli, RL Warren-Rhodes, K Banin, A Landheim, R AF Mancinelli, Rocco L. Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley Banin, Amos Landheim, Ragnhild TI The enigma of the nitrate deposits in the Atacama Desert, Chile SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mancinelli, Rocco L.; Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley; Banin, Amos] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr Study Life Universe, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RI Mancinelli, Rocco/L-8971-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1473-5504 J9 INT J ASTROBIOL JI Int. J. Astrobiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 541AK UT WOS:000273382800034 ER PT J AU Leys, N Dams, A Bossu, A Provoost, A Venkateswaran, K Mergeay, M AF Leys, Natalie Dams, Annik Bossu, Albert Provoost, Ann Venkateswaran, Kasthuri Mergeay, Max TI Cleaning-resistant Cupriavidus and Ralstonia bacteria contaminating spacecrafts and the ultra clean rooms they are assembled in SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Leys, Natalie; Dams, Annik; Mergeay, Max] CEN SCK, Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, Lab Radiobiol & Microbiol, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [Bossu, Albert; Provoost, Ann] Vlaamse Instelling Technol Onderzoek, Lab Mol Biol Milieu ProcessTechnol, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [Venkateswaran, Kasthuri] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Biotechnol & Planetary Protect Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Mergeay, Max/H-2003-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1473-5504 J9 INT J ASTROBIOL JI Int. J. Astrobiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 541AK UT WOS:000273382800093 ER PT J AU Kanki, BG Hobbs, A AF Kanki, Barbara G. Hobbs, Alan TI Maintenance human factors: Introduction to the special issue SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kanki, Barbara G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Hobbs, Alan] San Jose State Univ Fdn, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Kanki, BG (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM barbara.g.kanki@nasa.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1080/10508410701749332 PG 4 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 264TZ UT WOS:000253314600001 ER PT J AU Hobbs, A Kanki, BG AF Hobbs, Alan Kanki, Barbara G. TI Patterns of error in confidential maintenance incident reports SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE AB Confidential reports of maintenance incidents are a valuable source of information on maintenance errors and the contexts within which they occur. NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System has been receiving an increasing number of maintenance incident reports since a specialized maintenance reporting form was introduced in 1996. In a series of studies, the database of ASRS maintenance incidents was examined using correspondence analysis, a statistical technique that converts complex data tables into a visual form. The analyses revealed patterns within the ASRS data set that would have otherwise been difficult to detect. The results have implications for a range of purposes including human factors training, the design of procedures, and the identification of improvements in aircraft design. C1 [Hobbs, Alan; Kanki, Barbara G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SJSU Fdn, Human Syst Integrat Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Hobbs, A (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SJSU Fdn, Human Syst Integrat Div, Mail Stop 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM alan.hobbs@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 5 EP 16 DI 10.1080/10508410701749365 PG 12 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 264TZ UT WOS:000253314600002 ER PT J AU Lattanzio, D Patankar, K Kanki, BG AF Lattanzio, Diane Patankar, Kirsten Kanki, Barbara G. TI Procedural error in maintenance: A review of research and methods SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE AB Aviation maintenance procedures have long been of interest to researchers because of their central importance to aviation maintenance and because of problems that seem to resist solution. In this article, we present a review of work that focuses on maintenance procedure incident reports conducted over several years at NASA Ames Research Center. Using 3 different exploratory methodologies, we analyzed relevant reports from a database of 1,046 maintenance reports (from 1998-2002) in the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System. Analyses revealed that procedural errors in maintenance take a variety of different forms, involve many different types of documents and can be attributed to both document deficiencies and user errors. The objective of these studies was to better characterize procedural errors in maintenance so that more effective solutions can be devised. C1 [Lattanzio, Diane; Kanki, Barbara G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, QSS Grp Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Patankar, Kirsten] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose State Univ Fdn, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lattanzio, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, QSS Grp Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM dlattanzio@hotmail.com NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1080/10508410701749381 PG 13 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 264TZ UT WOS:000253314600003 ER PT J AU Patankar, MS Taylor, JC AF Patankar, Manoj S. Taylor, James C. TI MRM training, evaluation, and safety management SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAINTENANCE AB Maintenance resource management (MRM) programs started as training programs aimed at increasing the awareness regarding human performance limitations in the aviation maintenance environment. Since their inception in 1989, MRM programs in the United States have undergone 4 generations of development (Taylor & Patankar, 2001) and are currently morphing themselves yet again toward the 5th generation, one that incorporates a Federal Aviation Administration-approved voluntary error-reporting program such as the Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP) or a generic or internal error-reporting program. This article describes the MRM training, evaluation, and safety management research program as it tracked the evolution of training content as well as the attitudinal, behavioral, and performance changes toward the development of proactive safety management programs. C1 [Patankar, Manoj S.] St Louis Univ, Pk Coll Engn Aviat & Technol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Taylor, James C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, QSS Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Patankar, MS (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Pk Coll Engn Aviat & Technol, 3450 Lindell Blvd, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM patankar@slu.edu NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1080/10508410701749449 PG 11 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 264TZ UT WOS:000253314600007 ER PT J AU Parke, B Kanki, BG AF Parke, Bonny Kanki, Barbara G. TI Best practices in shift turnovers: Implications for reducing aviation maintenance turnover errors as revealed in ASRS reports SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Effective shift turnover is critical to safety in many work environments, including medicine, the oil industry, and aviation maintenance. To gain insight into aviation maintenance turnover procedures and possible improvements to them, we examined NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) maintenance incident reports involving shift turnover communication problems. We used the Boeing Maintenance Error Decision Aid (MEDA) coding system to code 1, 182 ASRS maintenance incident reports. We compared the incidents involving shift turnover-related communication problems (n = 46) with incidents involving non-turnover-related communication problems (n = 37) and with other maintenance incidents (n = 1,099). Turnover-related incidents involved a significantly higher proportion of equipment that was classified by ASRS as "critical" than either of the other 2 samples, and had a significantly higher proportion of severe consequences. We suggest improvements to turnover work practices and include a generic checklist for effective turnovers to aid in turnover development. C1 [Parke, Bonny; Kanki, Barbara G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose State Univ Fdn, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Parke, B (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose State Univ Fdn, MS 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM bparke@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 72 EP 85 DI 10.1080/10508410701749464 PG 14 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 264TZ UT WOS:000253314600008 ER PT J AU Munro, PA Kanki, BG Jordan, K AF Munro, Pamela A. Kanki, Barbara G. Jordan, Kevin TI Beyond "Inop": Logbook communication between airline mechanics and pilots SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB When mechanical discrepancies occur on an aircraft, effective communication between pilots and mechanics can facilitate identification of the problem. A survey of pilots and mechanics was conducted to determine how often they were able to discuss discrepancies directly and to identify factors that influenced the detail they provided about discrepancies in the aircraft logbook. Logistical factors such as short turn times between flights and crew schedules appeared to present barriers to face-to-face meetings between pilots and mechanics. Guidelines for pilot logbook entries appeared to be less clearly defined than for mechanic entries. Pilots reported receiving significantly less training on writing logbook entries and spent significantly less time making individual entries than mechanics. Mechanics indicated greater concern about the Federal Aviation Administration reading their entries than pilots. Mechanics indicated they had little opportunity to follow up with pilots to clarify a logbook entry once pilots departed the aircraft. C1 [Munro, Pamela A.] Boeing Commercial Airlines, Seattle, WA USA. [Kanki, Barbara G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Jordan, Kevin] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Munro, PA (reprint author), Boeing Commercial Airplane Grp, Aviat Safety Human Fators, POB 3707,MC 67 TC, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. EM Pamela.munro@boeing.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 86 EP 103 DI 10.1080/10508410701749563 PG 18 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 264TZ UT WOS:000253314600009 ER PT J AU d'Humieres, D Krafczyk, M Luo, LS Rubinstein, R AF d'Humieres, Dominique Krafczyk, Manfred Luo, Li-Shi Rubinstein, Robert TI Dedication to Pierre Lallemand on the occasion of his retirement SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [d'Humieres, Dominique] Ecole Normale Super, Phys Stat Lab, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Krafczyk, Manfred] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Rechnergestutzte Modellierung Bauingenieurwe, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Luo, Li-Shi] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Luo, Li-Shi] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Computat Sci, Norfolk, VA USA. [Rubinstein, Robert] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat Aerosci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP d'Humieres, D (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super, Phys Stat Lab, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris 05, France. EM dominiq@lps.ens.fr; kraft@cab.bau.tu-bs.de; lluo@odu.edu; r.rubinstein@nasa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PY 2008 VL 22 IS 7 BP 437 EP 439 DI 10.1080/10618560802305439 PG 3 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 329UA UT WOS:000257894900001 ER PT J AU Scolese, C Hoffman, EJ AF Scolese, Chris Hoffman, Edward J. TI Design engineering education and space exploration in a flat world SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Mudd Design Workshop CY MAY 23-25, 2007 CL Harvey Mudd Coll, Claremont, CA HO Harvey Mudd Coll C1 [Scolese, Chris; Hoffman, Edward J.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Scolese, C (reprint author), NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM cscolese@nasa.gov; ehoffman@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DURRUS, BANTRY PA IJEE , ROSSMORE,, DURRUS, BANTRY, COUNTY CORK 00000, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 221 EP 225 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 290VX UT WOS:000255152000004 ER PT J AU Schneider, DR Leon, M Van Der Blink, C Ahmed, N Shah, D Li, K AF Schneider, D. R. Leon, M. Van Der Blink, C. Ahmed, N. Shah, D. Li, K. TI Active Learning and Assessment within the NASA Robotics Alliance Cadets Program SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Active Learning in Engineering Education CY 2006 CL Technol Monterrey, Monterrey, MEXICO HO Technol Monterrey DE education; active learning; assessment; STEM; undergraduate; engineering; robotics; NASA; competition AB In response to the 2006 National Defense Education and Innovation Initiative, NASA and DAVANNE LLC have collaborated to create the NASA Robotics Alliance Cadets Program to develop a highly integrated and interactive STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) undergraduate curriculum. This paper investigates the NASA Cadets' use of Active Learning to not only meet the nationally recognized need for a formal assessment standard, but also to ensure the sustainability of the program. To demonstrate the programs Active Learning tools wide accessibility and their integration with the program's methodologies, this paper examines the NASA Cadets' robotics platform and its use within an educational experiment co-developed by Cornell University. C1 [Schneider, D. R.] NASA, DAVANNE, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schneider, D. R.; Ahmed, N.; Shah, D.; Li, K.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Van Der Blink, C.] Cornell Univ CIT, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Schneider, DR (reprint author), NASA, DAVANNE, 153 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM drs44@cornell.edu NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DURRUS, BANTRY PA IJEE , ROSSMORE,, DURRUS, BANTRY, COUNTY CORK 00000, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 2008 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1091 EP 1102 PG 12 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 381UH UT WOS:000261560900008 ER PT J AU Shukla, S Zhang, P Cho, HJ Ludwig, L Seal, S AF Shukla, Satyajit Zhang, Peng Cho, Hyoung J. Ludwig, Lawrence Seal, Sudipta TI Significance of electrode-spacing in hydrogen detection for tin oxide-based MEMS sensor SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Hydrogen Energy - Production Storage and Application CY NOV 05-09, 2006 CL Univ Rajasthan, Ctr Non-Convent Energy Resources, Jaipur, INDIA HO Univ Rajasthan, Ctr Non-Convent Energy Resources DE hydrogen; MEMS; Nano-Macro integration; Nano-Micro integration; room temperature; sol-gel; sensor; thin film ID GAS-SENSORS AB "Nano-Macro" and "Nano-Micro" integrated sensor-devices have been fabricated via sol-gel dip-coating the nanocrystalline indium oxide (In2O3)-doped tin oxide (SnO2) thin films on the Pyrex glass and the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) substrates. The electrode-spacing for the "Nano-Macro" integrated sensor-device is maintained at 1 cm while that for the "Nano-Micro" integrated sensor-device is reduced to 10 and 20 mu m. These sensor-devices with different electrode-spacing are characterized using glancing-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM); and subsequently utilized for sensing 900 ppm hydrogen (H-2) at room temperature under the dynamic test-condition. The "Nano-Macro" and "Nano-Micro" integrated sensor-devices exhibit maximum room temperature H-2 sensitivity of 10(3) and > 10(4) with the response time of 3 h and 250-350 s (for the room temperature H-2 sensitivity of 10(2)), respectively. Moreover, the "Nano-Micro" integrated sensor-device with the smaller electrode-spacing (10 mu m) shows better response kinetics relative to that of the sensor-device with the larger electrode-spacing (20 mu m). The observed sensor-behavior has been explained based on the effect of electrode-spacing on the kinetics of the H-2 sensing mechanism. (C) 2007 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shukla, Satyajit] CSIR, NIIST, MMD, Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India. [Shukla, Satyajit; Zhang, Peng; Cho, Hyoung J.; Seal, Sudipta] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Engn 381, MMAE, AMPAC, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Ludwig, Lawrence] NASA, KSC, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Shukla, S (reprint author), CSIR, NIIST, MMD, Ind Estate PO, Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India. EM satyajit_shukla@csrritrd.ren.nic.in RI TVM, NIIST/E-5132-2012; OI TVM, NIIST/0000-0002-5814-466X; Shukla, Satyajit/0000-0002-7947-8095 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JAN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 470 EP 475 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.07.043 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 268FH UT WOS:000253564000067 ER PT J AU Wollack, EJ Fixsen, DJ Henry, R Kogut, A Limon, M Mirel, P AF Wollack, E. J. Fixsen, D. J. Henry, R. Kogut, A. Limon, M. Mirel, P. TI Electromagnetic and thermal properties of a conductively loaded epoxy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES LA English DT Article DE dielectric mixtures; microwave absorbers and terminations; cryogenic material characterization ID MATHEMATICAL TREATMENT; ELECTRIC-CONDUCTIVITY; LOGARITHMIC LAW; PERMITTIVITY; TRANSMISSION; SUSPENSION; SPHEROIDS; CAPACITY; MIXTURE AB We discuss the mechanical, thermal, and electromagnetic properties of a castable microwave absorber consisting of a mixture of stainless steel powder suspended in a commercially available epoxy. The resulting mixture is well suited for cryogenic applications. Its coefficient of thermal expansion closely matches most metals to reduce mechanical strain during cool down. The absorption can be tuned by varying the volume filling fraction of the stainless steel powder in the mixture and exhibits little change from room temperature to 4 K. We provide simple expressions for the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric permittivity as a function of frequency and the stainless steel filling fraction. C1 [Wollack, E. J.; Henry, R.; Kogut, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observ Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fixsen, D. J.; Limon, M.; Mirel, P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Appl Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wollack, EJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observ Cosmol Lab, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Edward.J.Wollack@nasa.gov RI Kogut, Alan/D-6293-2012; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Limon, Michele/0000-0002-5900-2698 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9271 J9 INT J INFRARED MILLI JI Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves PD JAN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1007/s10762-007-9299-4 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 245LQ UT WOS:000251936600005 ER PT J AU Mbonye, MR Kazanas, D AF Mbonye, Manasse R. Kazanas, Demos TI Can gravitational collapse sustain singularity-free trapped surfaces? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Article DE black hole; singularities ID BLACK-HOLE; SPACE-TIME; UNIVERSE; COSMOLOGY; RADIATION AB In singularity-generating space-times both the outgoing and the ingoing expansions of null geodesic congruences theta(+) and theta(-) should become increasingly negative without bound, inside the horizon. This behavior leads to geodetic incompleteness, which in turn predicts the existence of a singularity. In this work we inquire whether, in gravitational collapse, space-time can sustain singularity-free trapped surfaces, in the sense that such a space-time remains geodetically complete. As a test case, we consider a type D space time of Dymnikova which is Schwarzschild-like at large distances and consists of a fluid with a p = -rho equation of state near r = 0. By following both the expansion parameters theta(+) and theta(-) across the horizon and into the black hole, we find that both theta(+) and theta(+) theta(-) have turning points inside the trapped region. Further, we find that deep inside the black hole there is a region, 0 <= r <= r(0) ( which includes the black hole center), which is not trapped. Thus the trapped region is bounded from both outside and inside. The space-time is geodetically complete, a result which violates a condition for singularity formation. It is inferred that, in general, if gravitational collapse were to proceed with a p = -rho fluid formation, the resulting black hole might be singularity-free. C1 [Mbonye, Manasse R.; Kazanas, Demos] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Landover, MD 20785 USA. [Mbonye, Manasse R.] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Mbonye, MR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 663, Landover, MD 20785 USA. EM kazanas@mikyway.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD JAN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 165 EP 177 DI 10.1142/S0218271808011924 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 273DF UT WOS:000253909900010 ER PT J AU Ciftcioglu, N Vejdani, K Lee, O Mathew, G Aho, KM Kajander, EO Mckay, DS Jones, JA Stoller, ML AF Ciftcioglu, Nevi Vejdani, Kaveh Lee, Olivia Mathew, Grace Aho, Katja M. Kajander, E. Olavi McKay, David S. Jones, Jeffrey A. Stoller, Marshall L. TI Association between Randall's plaque and calcifying nanoparticles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE calcifying nanoparticles; nanobacteria; Randall's plaque; urinary stone ID STONE FORMATION; NANOBACTERIA; CALCIFICATION; DISEASE; BIOMINERALIZATION; ORIGIN AB Objectives: Randall initially described calcified subepithelial papillary plaques, which he hypothesized as nidi for urinary calculi. The discovery of calcifying nanoparticles (CNP), also referred to as nanobacteria, in calcified soft tissues has raised another hypothesis about their possible involvement in urinary stone formation. This research is the first attempt to investigate the potential association of these two hypotheses. Methods: We collected renal papilla and blood samples from 17 human patients who had undergone laparoscopic nephrectomy. Immunohistochemical staining (IHS) was applied using monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CNP. Homogenized papillary tissues and serum samples were cultured for CNP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were performed on papillary samples. Serum samples were tested for CNP antigen and antibody with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Randall's plaques (RP) were visible on gross inspection in 11 out of 17 samples. IHS was positive for CNP antigen in 8 of the visually positive samples, but in only 1 of the remaining samples. SEM revealed spherical apatite-formations in 14 samples confirmed by EDS analysis. In cultures, all serum samples and 13 tissue homogenates grew CNP. In ELISA, 14 samples were positive for CNP-antigen and 11 samples were positive for CNP-antibody. Conclusion: There was evidence of a link between detection of CNP and presence of RP. Although causality was not demonstrated, these results suggest that further studies with negative control samples should be made to explore the etiology of RP formation, thus leading to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of stone formation. C1 [Vejdani, Kaveh; Lee, Olivia; Stoller, Marshall L.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Ciftcioglu, Nevi; Mathew, Grace] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Nanobac Pharmaceut, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Aho, Katja M.] Univ Kuopio, Dept Biosci Biochem, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. [Kajander, E. Olavi] Nanobac Pharmaceut, Tampa, FL USA. RP Stoller, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, 400 Parnassus Ave,Suite A-610, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM mstoller@urology.ucsf.edu NR 32 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI ALBANY PA PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND SN 1176-9114 J9 INT J NANOMED JI Int. J. Nanomed. PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 105 EP 115 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 313DY UT WOS:000256722500011 PM 18488421 ER PT J AU Mathew, G McKay, DS Ciftcioglu, N AF Mathew, Grace McKay, David S. Ciftcioglu, Neva TI Do blood-borne calcifying nanoparticles self-propagate? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE calcifying nanoparticles; time-lapse photography; self-replication; apatite ID STONE FORMATION; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; BINARY FISSION; NANOBACTERIA; CALCIFICATION; BACTERIA; FICTION; DISEASE; PROTEIN; FACT AB The nanotechnology industry is currently in the process of producing new nanoparticles. The biological activity of nanoparticles including adverse as well as beneficial effects tends to increase as their size decreases. The smaller the particles are, the greater their bioactivity and toxicity. Thus, one can easily conjecture the impact of a nanoparticle if it could also self-replicate. This in vitro study reveals the self-propagating ability of unique calcifying nanoparticles (CNP) that can be as small as 50 nm in size and found in blood, blood products, and calcified soft tissues. Although specific detection techniques, morphological characteristics and biomineralizing properties of CNP are well established, their genomic information and self-propagating capability have always been challenged. The objective of this study is to document the propagation of CNP under physiological conditions, using inverted light microscopy (LM) and the Biostation IM time-lapse imaging system. Their detailed morphological structure was examined using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. This present study, in conjunction with previous findings of metabolic activity, antibiotic sensitivity, antibody specificity, morphological aspects and infectivity, validates CNP as self-replicators. Therefore these sterile-filterable, blood-borne nanoparticles should be of concern to the nanomedicine industry. C1 [McKay, David S.; Ciftcioglu, Neva] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Mathew, Grace] Nanobac Pharmaceut Inc, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Ciftcioglu, N (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 Nasa Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM nanomail1@yahoo.com NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI ALBANY PA PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND SN 1178-2013 J9 INT J NANOMED JI Int. J. Nanomed. PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 BP 265 EP 275 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 329DV UT WOS:000257848000013 PM 18686786 ER PT J AU Ponomarev, AL Costes, SV Cucinotta, FA AF Ponomarev, Artem L. Costes, Sylvain V. Cucinotta, Francis A. TI Stochastic properties of radiation-induced DSB: DSB distributions in large scale chromatin loops, the HPRT gene and within the visible volumes of DNA repair foci SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE High-LET radiation; heavy ion; DNA modeling; DSB; DNA repair foci; DNA loops; HPRT gene ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; HISTONE H2AX PHOSPHORYLATION; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CHARGED-PARTICLE TRACKS; HEAVY ION BOMBARDMENT; LOW-LET RADIATION; INTERPHASE CHROMOSOMES; GAMMA-H2AX FOCI; SIZE-DISTRIBUTION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS AB Purpose: We computed probabilities to have multiple double-strand breaks (DSB), which are produced in DNA on a regional scale, and not in close vicinity, in volumes matching the size of DNA damage foci, of a large chromatin loop, and in the physical volume of DNA containing the HPRT (human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase) locus. Materials and methods: The model is based on a Monte Carlo description of DSB formation by heavy ions in the spatial context of the entire human genome contained within the cell nucleus, as well as at the gene sequence level. Results: We showed that a finite physical volume corresponding to a visible DNA repair focus, believed to be associated with one DSB, can contain multiple DSB due to heavy ion track structure and the DNA supercoiled topography. A corrective distribution was introduced, which was a conditional probability to have excess DSB in a focus volume, given that there was already one present. The corrective distribution was calculated for 19.5MeV/amu N ions, 3.77MeV/amu -particles, 1000MeV/amu Fe ions, and X-rays. The corrected initial DSB yield from the experimental data on DNA repair foci was calculated. The DSB yield based on the corrective function converts the focus yield into the DSB yield, which is comparable with the DSB yield based on the earlier PFGE experiments. The distribution of DSB within the physical limits of the HPRT gene was analyzed by a similar method as well. Conclusion: This corrective procedure shows the applicability of the model and empowers the researcher with a tool to better analyze focus statistics. The model enables researchers to analyze the DSB yield based on focus statistics in real experimental situations that lack one-to-one focus-to-DSB correspondance. C1 [Ponomarev, Artem L.; Cucinotta, Francis A.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Ponomarev, Artem L.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Div Space Life Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Costes, Sylvain V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ponomarev, AL (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Div, 2101 NASA Pkwy,Mail Code SK,Build 37,Room 119, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM artem.l.ponomarev@nasa.gov RI Costes, Sylvain/D-2522-2013 OI Costes, Sylvain/0000-0002-8542-2389 FU US DOE [DE-A103-05ER64088]; NASA Space Radiation Program Risk Assessment Project FX Support was provided by the US DOE (DE-A103-05ER64088) and the NASA Space Radiation Program Risk Assessment Project. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PY 2008 VL 84 IS 11 BP 916 EP 929 AR PII 905628265 DI 10.1080/09553000802499212 PG 14 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 374CG UT WOS:000261019400006 PM 19016140 ER PT J AU Hong, Y Adler, RF AF Hong, Y. Adler, R. F. TI Estimation of global SCS curve numbers using satellite remote sensing and geospatial data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID RETRIEVAL AB The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS CN) method is an efficient and widely used method for determining the direct runoff (effective rainfall) from a storm event for flood disaster assessment (rainfall-runoff modelling). The CN can be estimated based on the area's hydrologic soil group (HSG), land use/cover, and hydrologic condition. The two former factors are of greater importance in determining the CN value. This study reports an attempt to derive a global CN map. First, HSG was classified from digital soil maps. Second, CN was estimated as a function of HSG, land-cover classification, and hydrologic conditions according to USDA (1986) and NEH-4 (1997) standard lookup tables. Potential applications of this CN map may include real-time global flood assessment by incorporating an operational multisatellite precipitation estimation system (e.g. http://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov). C1 [Hong, Y.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Hong, Y.; Adler, R. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM yanghong@agnes.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 471 EP 477 DI 10.1080/01431160701264292 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 251BV UT WOS:000252346500011 ER PT J AU Soenen, SA Peddle, DR Coburn, CA Hall, RJ Hall, FG AF Soenen, S. A. Peddle, D. R. Coburn, C. A. Hall, R. J. Hall, F. G. TI Improved topographic correction of forest image data using a 3-D canopy reflectance model in multiple forward mode SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID HEMISPHERICAL REFLECTANCES; BIOPHYSICAL STRUCTURE; SENSOR GEOMETRY; BOREAL FOREST; FORWARD-MODE; TM DATA; CLASSIFICATION; NORMALIZATION; TERRAIN; INVERSION AB In most forestry remote sensing applications in steep terrain, simple photometric and empirical (PE) topographic corrections are confounded as a result of stand structure and species assemblages that vary with terrain and the anisotropic reflective properties of vegetated surfaces. To address these problems, we present MFM-TOPO as a new physically-based modelling (PBM) approach for normalising topographically induced signal variance as a function of forest stand structure and sub-pixel scale components. MFM-TOPO uses the Li-Strahler geometric optical mutual shadowing (GOMS) canopy reflectance model in Multiple Forward Mode (MFM) to account for slope and aspect influences directly. MFM-TOPO has an explicit physical-basis and uses sun-canopy-sensor (SCS) geometry that is more appropriate than strictly terrain-based corrections in forested areas since it preserves the geotropic nature of trees (vertical growth with respect to the geoid) regardless of terrain, view and illumination angles. MFM-TOPO is compared against our recently developed SCS+C correction and a comprehensive set of other existing PE and SCS methods (cosine, C correction, Minnaert, statistical-empirical, SCS, and b correction) for removing topographically induced variance and for improving SPOT image classification accuracy in a Rocky Mountain forest in Kananaskis, Alberta Canada. MFM-TOPO removed the most terrain-based variance and provided the greatest improvement in classification accuracy within a species and stand density based class structure. For example, pine class accuracy was increased by 62% over shaded slopes, and spruce class accuracy was increased by 13% over more moderate slopes. In addition to classification, MFM-TOPO is suitable for retrieving biophysical parameters in mountainous terrain. C1 [Soenen, S. A.; Peddle, D. R.; Coburn, C. A.; Hall, R. J.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. [Hall, R. J.] No Forest Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Hall, F. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Soenen, SA (reprint author), Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog, 4401 Univ Dr W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. EM scott.soenen@uleth.ca NR 37 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1007 EP 1027 DI 10.1080/01431160701311291 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 251CA UT WOS:000252347000005 ER PT J AU Wu, A Xiong, X Cao, C AF Wu, A. Xiong, X. Cao, C. TI Terra and Aqua MODIS inter-comparison of three reflective solar bands using AVHRR onboard the NOAA-KLM satellites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; SURFACE ALBEDO; 12-MU-M BANDS; CHANNELS; EARTH; SPECTROMETER; PERFORMANCE; 11-MU-M; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Cross-sensor inter-comparison is important to assess calibration quality and consistency and ensure continuity of observational datasets. This study conducts an inter-comparison of Terra and Aqua MODIS (the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) to examine the overall calibration consistency of the reflective solar bands. Observations obtained from AVHRR (the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) onboard the NOAA-KLM series of satellites are used as a transfer radiometer to examine three MODIS bands at 0.65 (visible), 0.85 (near-IR) and 1.64m (far near-IR) that match spectrally with AVHRR channels. Coincident events are sampled at a frequency of about once per month with each containing at least 3000pixel-by-pixel matched data points. Multiple AVHRR sensors on-board NOAA-15 to 18 satellites are used to check the repeatability of the Terra/Aqua MODIS inter-comparison results. The same approach applied in previous studies is used with defined criteria to generate coincident and co-located near nadir MODIS and AVHRR pixel pairs matched in footprint. Terra and Aqua MODIS to AVHRR reflectance ratios are derived from matched pixel pairs with the same AVHRR used as a transfer radiometer. The ratio differences between Terra and Aqua MODIS/AVHRR give an indication of the calibration biases between the two MODIS instruments. Effects due to pixel footprint mismatch, band spectral differences and surface and atmospheric bi-directional reflectance distributions (BRDFs) are discussed. Trending results from 2002 to 2006 show that Terra and Aqua MODIS reflectances agree with each other within 2% for the three reflective solar bands. C1 [Cao, C.] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Xiong, X.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wu, A.] Sci & Syst Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Cao, C (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM aisheng_wu@ssaihq.com RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 NR 32 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1997 EP 2010 DI 10.1080/01431160701355272 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 279HJ UT WOS:000254346000010 ER PT J AU Nirala, M AF Nirala, M. TI Technical Note - Multi-sensor data fusion of aerosol optical thickness SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; CLASSIFICATION; RETRIEVALS; OCEAN AB This paper investigates the applicability and limitations of combining multi-sensor data through data fusion, to increase the usefulness of the datasets. This study focuses on merging daily mean aerosol optical thickness (AOT), as measured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites, to increase spatial coverage and produce complete fields to facilitate comparison with models and station data. The fusion algorithm used the maximum likelihood (ML) technique to merge the pixel values where available, and then the optimal interpolation method to fill the remaining gaps. The algorithm was applied to a regional AOT subset. The results illustrate that the fusion algorithm can produce complete AOT fields with reasonably good data values and acceptable errors. The cumulative semivariogram (CSV) was found to be sensitive to the spatial distribution and fraction of gap areas and, thus, useful for assessing the sensitivity of the fused data to spatial gaps. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GES DISC, RSIS, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Nirala, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GES DISC, RSIS, Code 610-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mnirala@pop600.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 7 BP 2127 EP 2136 DI 10.1080/01431160701395336 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 279HJ UT WOS:000254346000018 ER PT J AU Sakerin, SM Kabanov, DM Smirnov, AV Holben, BN AF Sakerin, S. M. Kabanov, D. M. Smirnov, A. V. Holben, B. N. TI Aerosol optical depth of the atmosphere over the ocean in the wavelength range 0.37-4 mu m SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; MARINE AEROSOLS; THICKNESS; SEA; RETRIEVALS; CHANNELS; NETWORK; AERONET AB At least two problems, the climatic impact of aerosols and improvement in techniques for space-borne sensing, require investigation of the spatiotemporal variability of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the ocean. The marine atmosphere covers an area 2.5 times greater than the continental atmosphere and has essential differences in the composition and manner of aerosol variability, but the quantity of available data is significantly less. Hence, the importance of measurements of the aerosol optical characteristics in marine expeditions is clear. This paper generalizes the results of investigations of the AOD of the atmosphere carried out in the past decade onboard Russian scientific vessels in different regions of the Atlantic Ocean. Statistical characteristics of the AOD are presented for typical regions of the Northern Atlantic: near midlatitude continents, open ocean, tropical and equatorial zones. We show that aerosol turbidity in the atmosphere of the southern hemisphere decreases with latitude, and the minimum values are observed near Antarctica. The results of ship-borne measurements of the AOD of the atmosphere are compared with the data from several island stations of the global Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The spectral behaviour of the AOD in the visible and near-infrared wavelength range (0.37-4 mu m) is considered. The angstrom ngstrom exponent is used for analysis of the wavelength dependence in the shortwave range, and the mean value of the AOD in four 'atmospheric transparency windows' from 1.2 mu m to 4 mu m is used in the longwave range. Special attention is paid to revealing the dependence of the AOD on relative humidity, wind velocity in the near-water layer and the synoptic factor, the change in air mass. C1 [Sakerin, S. M.; Kabanov, D. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Siberian Branch, Tomsk, Russia. [Smirnov, A. V.] UMBC, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Holben, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sakerin, SM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Siberian Branch, Tomsk, Russia. EM sms@iao.ru NR 64 TC 5 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2519 EP 2547 DI 10.1080/01431160701767492 PG 29 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 292VL UT WOS:000255294100005 ER PT J AU Kumar, N Chu, A Foster, A AF Kumar, N. Chu, A. Foster, A. TI Remote sensing of ambient particles in Delhi and its environs: estimation and validation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; AIR-POLLUTION; MODIS; RETRIEVAL; QUALITY; PM2.5; LAND AB Recent advances in atmospheric remote sensing offer a unique opportunity to compute indirect estimates of air quality, particularly for developing countries that lack adequate spatial-temporal coverage of air pollution monitoring. The present research establishes an empirical relationship between satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) and ambient particulate matter (PM) in Delhi and its environs. The PM data come from two different sources. Firstly, a field campaign was conducted to monitor airborne particles <= 2.5 mu m and <= 10 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5) and PM(10) respectively) at 113 spatially dispersed sites from July to December 2003 using photometric samplers. Secondly, data on eight hourly PM10 and total suspended particulate (TSP) matter, collected using gravimetric samplers, from 2000 to 2005 were acquired from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). The aerosol optical depths were estimated from MODIS data, acquired from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Earth Sciences Distributed Active Archive Center from 2000 to 2005. Both the PM and AOD data were collocated by time and space: PM mass +/- 150 min of AOD time, and +/- 2.5 and 5 km radius (separately) of the centroid of the AOD pixel for the 5 and 10 km AOD, respectively. The analysis here shows that PM correlates positively with the 5 km AOD; a 1% change in the AOD explains 0.52% +/- 0.20% and 0.39% +/- 0.15% changes in PM(2.5) within 45 and 150 min intervals (of AOD data) respectively. At a coarser spatial resolution, however, the relationship between AOD and PM is relatively weak. But, the relationship turns significantly stronger when monthly estimates are analysed over a span of six years (2000 to 2005), especially for the winter months, which have relatively stable meteorological conditions. C1 [Kumar, N.] Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Chu, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Foster, A.] Brown Univ, Dept Econ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Kumar, N (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, 316 Jessup Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM naresh-kumar@uiowa.edu RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 FU NICHD NIH HHS [R21 HD046571, R21 HD046571-01A1, R21 HD046571-02, R24 HD041020] NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 12 BP 3383 EP 3405 DI 10.1080/01431160701474545 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 302WB UT WOS:000255999500002 PM 22162895 ER PT J AU Wentz, EA Nelson, D Rahman, A Stefanov, WL Sen Roy, S AF Wentz, Elizabeth A. Nelson, David Rahman, Atiqur Stefanov, William L. Sen Roy, Shoursaseni TI Expert system classification of urban land use/cover for Delhi, India SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; FUZZY CLASSIFICATION; POPULATION-DENSITY; METROPOLITAN-AREA; SATELLITE DATA; HEAT ISLANDS; COVER CHANGE; IMAGERY AB This study presents the results of classifying land use/ land cover for Delhi, India using an expert system approach. For this study Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer ( ASTER) data of 22 September 2003 were used. The research goals of this project are two- fold. In one respect, the research goal is to report on the extent covered by urbanization using the classified image. Thirteen different land- cover categories were identified with an 85.55% overall classification accuracy based on 256 random points for validation and 50 on the ground observations. Secondly, we report on our efforts to duplicate an expert system model previously developed for Phoenix Arizona as a generalized approach for urban land use classification. Results suggest that while some of the methodology could be duplicated, there are local factors ( e. g. data availability and specific land features) that required the approach to be modified. C1 [Wentz, Elizabeth A.; Nelson, David] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Rahman, Atiqur] Jamia Millia Islamia, Dept Geog, Fac Nat Sci, New Delhi 110025, India. [Stefanov, William L.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Image Sci & Anal Lab, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Sen Roy, Shoursaseni] Univ Miami, Dept Geog & Reg Studies, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Wentz, EA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM wentz@asu.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG04GO57G] FX Funding for this research was provided by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Philip Christcnscn, PI ( no. NNG04GO57G). NR 80 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 15 BP 4405 EP 4427 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 337TA UT WOS:000258457200005 ER PT J AU Feng, H Vandemark, D Campbell, JW Holben, BN AF Feng, H. Vandemark, D. Campbell, J. W. Holben, B. N. TI Evaluation of MODIS ocean colour products at a northeast United States coast site near the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; ADRIATIC SEA; TIME-SERIES; VALIDATION; SEAWIFS; ALGORITHM; AERONET; IMAGERY AB Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) marine and atmospheric products were evaluated using match- ups of MODIS and in situ measurements collected by an above- water radiometric system, the SeaWiFS Photometer Revision for Incident Surface Measurements ( SeaPRISM), deployed near the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory from 2004 to 2005. The products evaluated include the normalized water- leaving radiance Lwn in the visible and near- infrared bands, and the aerosol optical thickness at 870nm ta( 870), and the A ngstro " m exponent a( 531). With a restricted match- up criterion, the result shows that the MODIS- retrieved Lwn at 488, 531 and 551nm agree very well with SeaPRISM measurements, giving mean per cent differences d(%) of 37%, absolute mean per cent differences | d|(%) of,16%, and coefficient of determination R 2 of 0.84- 0.88. However, the MODIS- retrieved Lwn at 412nm are underestimated significantly with d(%), | d|(%) and R 2 of 235%, 57% and 0.32, respectively, corresponding to a consistent overestimation and underestimation for the MODIS- retrieved ta( 870) and a( 531), respectively. Temporal patterns of match- ups revealing two distinct cases of the discrepancy of MODIS retrievals from in situ SeaPRISM measurements are discussed. C1 [Feng, H.; Vandemark, D.; Campbell, J. W.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Holben, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Feng, H (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM hui.feng@unh.edu FU NASA MODIS Instrument Team [NNG04HZ37C]; UNH/NOAA Center [NA160C2740]; GEST/NASA-GSFC FX The authors are grateful to the AERONET staffs and G. Zibordi in the Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy for their technical comments during the MVCO SeaPRISM instrument deployment and data processing, and to M. Dowell in the Joint Research Centre for his insightful thought to initiate this project. Two anonymous reviewers are greatly acknowledged for their helpful comments. The MODIS project and the GSFC DAAC are also acknowledged for providing the Level-2MODIS data. Thanks also go to J.Fredericks and many others in the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute for their logistic support to access to the MVCO tower. This work was supported by a NASA MODIS Instrument Team Contract ( no. NNG04HZ37C) and by the UNH/NOAA Center for Coastal Ocean Observation and Analysis (NOAA award NA160C2740). H. Feng also acknowledges the financial support from GEST/NASA-GSFC. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 15 BP 4479 EP 4497 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 337TA UT WOS:000258457200009 ER PT J AU Nirala, M AF Nirala, Mohan TI Multi-sensor data fusion and comparison of total column ozone SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; IMAGE FUSION; INFORMATION; REGION AB With many remote- sensing instruments onboard satellites exploring the Earth's atmosphere, most data are processed to gridded daily maps. However, differences in the original spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution- as well as format, structure, and temporal and spatial coverage- make the data merging, or fusion, difficult. NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center ( GES- DISC) has archived several data products for various sensors in different formats, structures, and multi- temporal and spatial scales for ocean, land, and atmosphere. In this investigation using Earth science data sets from multiple sources, an attempt was made to develop an optimal technique to merge the atmospheric products and provide interactive, online analysis tools for the user community. The merged/ fused measurements provide a more comprehensive view of the atmosphere and improve coverage and accuracy, compared with a single instrument dataset. This paper describes ways of merging/ fusing several NASA Earth Observing Systems ( EOS) remote- sensing datasets available at GES- DISC. The applicability of various methods was investigated for merging total column ozone to implement these methods into Giovanni, the online interactive analysis tool developed by GES- DISC. Ozone data fusion of MODerate resolution Imaging Spectrometer ( MODIS) Terra and Aqua Level3 daily data sets was conducted, and the results were found to provide better coverage. Weighted averaging of Terra and Aqua data sets, with the consequent interpolation through the remaining gaps using Optimal Interpolation ( OI), also was conducted and found to produce better results. Ozone Monitoring Instrument ( OMI) total column ozone is reliable and provides better results than Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ( AIRS) and MODIS. However, the agreement among these instruments is reasonable. The correlation is high ( 0.88) between OMI and AIRS total column ozone, while the correlation between OMI and MODIS Terra/ Aqua fused total column ozone is 0.79. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv Ctr, RSIS, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Nirala, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv Ctr, RSIS, Code 610-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mnirala@pop600.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 15 BP 4553 EP 4573 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 337TA UT WOS:000258457200013 ER PT J AU Middleton, EM Corp, LA Campbell, PKE AF Middleton, E. M. Corp, L. A. Campbell, P. K. E. TI Comparison of measurements and FluorMOD simulations for solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and reflectance of a corn crop under nitrogen treatments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Recent Advances in Quantitative Remote Sensing CY SEP 25-29, 2006 CL Torrent, SPAIN SP Univ Valencia, Global Change Unit, City Council Torrent, European Space Agcy, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, European Commiss, Spanish Minist Educ & Sci, Univ Sci Council Generalitat Valencian ID RESOLUTION; MODEL AB Laboratory and field measurements previously acquired from foliage and canopies of corn (Zea mays L.) under controlled nitrogen (N) fertilization were used to parameterize and evaluate a new spectral vegetation Fluorescence Model (FluorMOD) developed to include the effects of steady-state solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) on canopy reflectance. These data included biophysical properties, fluorescence (F) and reflectance spectra for leaves; reflectance spectra of canopies and soil; solar irradiance; plot-level leaf area index (LAI); and canopy SIF emissions determined using the Fraunhofer line-depth (FLD) principle for the atmospheric telluric oxygen absorption features at 688nm (O(2)beta) and 760nm (O(2)alpha). FluorMOD simulations implemented in the default mode did not reproduce the observed magnitudes of leaf F, canopy SIF, or canopy reflectance. However, simulations for all of these parameters agreed with observations when the default FluorMOD information was replaced with measurements, although N treatment responses were underestimated. The observed shift in the red/far-red SIF ratio (from <1 to similar to 2) that occurred in scaling from leaves to canopies, partially attributed to the paucity of abaxial leaf information incorporated in the model, was not expressed in the simulations. Recommendations were provided to enhance the potential utility of FluorMOD in support of SIF field experiments and studies of agriculture and ecosystems. C1 [Middleton, E. M.; Campbell, P. K. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab Code 614 4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Corp, L. A.] SSAI, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Campbell, P. K. E.] UMBC, Catonsville, MD USA. RP Middleton, EM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab Code 614 4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Elizabeth.M.Middleton@nasa.gov RI Campbell, Petya/G-4931-2013; Campbell, Petya/L-7486-2013 OI Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 17-18 BP 5193 EP 5213 DI 10.1080/01431160802036524 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 344JS UT WOS:000258923500020 ER PT J AU Xiong, X Wu, A Cao, C AF Xiong, X. Wu, A. Cao, C. TI On-orbit calibration and inter-comparison of Terra and Aqua MODIS surface temperature spectral bands SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Recent Advances in Quantitative Remote Sensing CY SEP 25-29, 2006 CL Torrent, SPAIN SP Univ Valencia, Global Change Unit, City Council Torrent, European Space Agcy, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, European Commiss, Spanish Minist Educ & Sci, Univ Sci Council Generalitat Valencian ID RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; 12-MU-M BANDS; VALIDATION; 11-MU-M AB Two moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments have been operating on board the NASA EOS Terra and Aqua spacecraft for 7 and 4.5 years, respectively. The MODIS is a cross-track scanning radiometer that collects data in 36 spectral bands with wavelengths from visible (VIS) to long-wave infrared (LWIR). MODIS thermal emissive bands (TEB) on-orbit calibration is performed using an on-board blackbody (BB). Bands 31 and 32, with centre wavelengths at 11 and 12 mu m, are primarily used for surface temperature (ST) retrieval. This paper provides a brief description of MODIS TEB calibration methodology and presents bands 31 and 32 on-orbit performance in terms of their calibration stability and detector noise characterization. It also describes an approach to examine the ST spectral band calibration consistency between two MODIS instruments using similar spectral channels of an advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) instrument currently operated on board NOAA-16 and NOAA-17. Inter-comparison data sets are carefully selected from near-simultaneous and near-nadir observations made by each pair of MODIS and AVHRR instruments. Results show that ST spectral bands 31 and 32 in both the Terra and Aqua MODIS are performing better than their design requirements, with excellent calibration stability and satisfactory cross-sensor calibration consistency. The on-orbit noise equivalent temperature differences (NEdTs) of all detectors have been continuously below the design specifications of 0.05 K. The calibration coefficients are extremely stable with scan-by-scan variations of less than 0.10%. In addition, calibration differences between two MODIS instruments are less than 0.10 K for both bands 31 and 32. C1 [Xiong, X.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wu, A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Cao, C.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Xiong, X (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Code 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 17-18 BP 5347 EP 5359 DI 10.1080/01431160802036300 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 344JS UT WOS:000258923500030 ER PT J AU Herzfeld, UC McBride, PJ Zwally, HJ Dimarzio, J AF Herzfeld, Ute C. McBride, Patrick J. Zwally, H. Jay Dimarzio, John TI Elevation changes in Pine Island Glacier, Walgreen Coast, Antarctica, based on GLAS (2003) and ERS-1 (1995) altimeter data analyses and glaciological implications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID WEST ANTARCTICA; ICE-SHEET; LANDSAT IMAGERY; MODEL AB The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) aboard ICESat, launched in January 2003, has been designed to detect and monitor changes in the cryosphere. The first objective of this paper is to present high-resolution ice-surface elevation maps derived from GLAS data, using geostatistical analysis. In a regional study of Walgreen Coast and Northern Ellsworth Land, West Antarctica, differences in the representation of geographic and morphologic features in maps based on ERS-1 radar altimeter data and on GLAS data are investigated, with the result that in particular in topographically complex coastal areas and the margin of the ice sheet the improvement in precision and accuracy of the laser altimeter is significant. A second, applied objective is to map elevation changes in Pine Island Glacier, a glacier that plays a key role in the question of stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and has been changing rapidly in recent years. Results of elevation differencing of 2003-GLAS-data and 1995-ERS-1-radar-altimeter-data DEMs (1) show that thinning rates have been increasing and (2) are applied to attribute the observed changes in Pine Island Glacier to internal processes in the glacier, related to dynamic thinning. More generally, this application serves to demonstrate that GLAS data facilitate study of cryospheric change. C1 [Herzfeld, Ute C.; McBride, Patrick J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zwally, H. Jay] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ice Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dimarzio, John] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Herzfeld, UC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Herzfeld@tryfan.colorado.edu FU NASA [NNG04G062G] FX Thanks to R. Schutz, University of Texas, for communication on ICESat GLAS data accuracy, and to R. Thomas, EG&G, NASA Wallops Flight Facility, for discussion of the topographically induced artefacts in the GLAS data. Thanks to R. Parker, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, for a new subroutine for his plotting software colour, contour utilized in mapping. Work funded by NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program under grant NNG04G062G to UCH. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 19 BP 5533 EP 5553 DI 10.1080/01431160802020510 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 350PS UT WOS:000259366200006 ER PT J AU Schroeder, W Ruminski, M Csiszar, I Giglio, L Prins, E Schmidt, C Morisette, J AF Schroeder, W. Ruminski, M. Csiszar, I. Giglio, L. Prins, E. Schmidt, C. Morisette, J. TI Validation analyses of an operational fire monitoring product: The Hazard Mapping System SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID MODIS; ASTER; ALGORITHM; DYNAMICS AB Vegetation fires are becoming increasingly important especially in regions where the proximity to urban areas can result in large populations being directly impacted by such events. During emergency situations, accurate fire location data becomes crucial to assess the affected areas as well as to track smoke plumes and delineate evacuation plans. In this study, the performance of the NOAA/NESDIS Hazard Mapping System (HMS) is evaluated. The system combines automated and analyst-made fire detections to monitor fires across the conterminous United States. Using 30-m-spatial-resolution ASTER imagery as the main instantaneous validation data, commission and omission error estimates are reported for a subset of HMS automated and analyst-based fire pixels derived from the Terra MODIS and GOES data. C1 [Schroeder, W.; Csiszar, I.; Giglio, L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ruminski, M.] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Giglio, L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Prins, E.; Schmidt, C.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Morisette, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Schroeder, W (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, 2181 Le Frak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM schroeder@hermes.geog.umd.edu RI Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010; Schroeder, Wilfrid/F-6738-2010 NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 20 BP 6059 EP 6066 DI 10.1080/01431160802235845 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 350PT UT WOS:000259366300019 ER PT J AU Song, YT Zlotnicki, V AF Song, Y. T. Zlotnicki, V. TI Subpolar ocean bottom pressure oscillation and its links to the tropical ENSO SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; EL-NINO; GRAVITY-FIELD; ROSSBY WAVES; TELECONNECTIONS; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Recent analysis of ocean bottom pressure (OBP) data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites reveals strong El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-like oscillating phenomena in the subpolar gyre of the North Pacific. The oscillation is further enhanced by subtracting the OBP values in the subtropical gyre, indicating a mass imbalance between these two northern gyres in these time-scales. Such OBP oscillating features have not been reported before. Motivated by the satellite observations, a non-Boussinesq ocean model that conserves mass rather than volume was used to diagnose the long-term prospect of the oscillating features. Model simulations from the years 1948 to 2006 demonstrate that the subpolar OBP oscillation correlates closely with the tropical ENSO events. Further analysis of the wind stress curl (WSC) from National Center for Environmental Protection/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) products and sea surface height (SSH) data from altimeters suggests that the tropical ENSO can affect the OBP anomaly of the subpolar gyre through an atmospheric bridge by altering and deepening the Aleutian Low and/or through oceanic waves by enhancing the water mass anomaly in the semi-closed northern Pacific basin. C1 [Song, Y. T.; Zlotnicki, V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Song, YT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Tony.Song@JPL.NASA.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX The research described here was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Comments by an anonymous reviewer helped to improve the manuscript. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 21 BP 6091 EP 6107 DI 10.1080/01431160802175538 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 364HG UT WOS:000260326200002 ER PT J AU Liu, WT Tang, W Xie, X Navalgund, RR Xu, K AF Liu, W. T. Tang, W. Xie, X. Navalgund, R. R. Xu, K. TI Power density of ocean surface wind from international scatterometer tandem missions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SEA CO2 EXCHANGE; SPEED AB For 6 months between April and October 2003, two identical scatterometers flew in tandem. Their observations demonstrate the need for more than one scatterometer in the polar orbit to include sufficient temporal variability and reduce aliasing of ocean surface wind-stress measurements required for applications such as estimating electricity generation potential and ocean-atmosphere gas exchange. The energy deficiency over a 12-h period, evident in the data from one scatterometer, is eliminated with the additional scatterometer. The missions in tandem allow an improved understanding of the diurnal variability from coastal regions to the open ocean. The power density distributions were found to be very different at the different sampling times of the two satellites. Two scatterometers will be launched by India and China in the next few years and will fly in tandem with the scatterometers of the USA and Europe, which are already in operation. The potential improvement in the coverage of ocean wind stress by this constellation is analysed and discussed. The constellation is found to meet the 6-hourly revisit requirement of operational weather forecasting over most of the ocean. C1 [Liu, W. T.; Tang, W.; Xie, X.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Navalgund, R. R.] Ctr Space Applicat, Ahmadabad 38015, Gujarat, India. [Xu, K.] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Space Sci & Appl Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Liu, WT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Physical Oceanography FX This study was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). W. T. L., W. T. and X. X. were supported by the Physical Oceanography and Ocean Vector Wind Programs of NASA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 21 BP 6109 EP 6116 DI 10.1080/01431160802175439 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 364HG UT WOS:000260326200003 ER PT J AU Wang, H Fu, R Schemm, JK Tang, W Liu, WT AF Wang, H. Fu, R. Schemm, J. K. Tang, W. Liu, W. T. TI Predictability of South American low-level jet using QuikSCAT ocean surface wind SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SUMMER; PRECIPITATION; REANALYSES; ANDES AB The applicability of NASA QuikSCAT ocean surface wind was tested for predicting South American low-level jets (SALLJs) with a statistical model. Our previous study (Wang, H. and Fu, R., 2004, Influence of cross-Andes flow on the South American low-level jet. Journal of Climate, 17, pp. 1247-1262) has examined the dynamic process associated with austral winter SALLJs using the ECMWF Reanalyses (ERA) and identified the mechanism that controls the seasonal and synoptic variations of the SALLJ. It was found that the SALLJ is maintained by strong zonal pressure gradients, with a maximum near 850hPa caused by deflection of upstream zonal flow crossing the Andes and lee cyclogenesis. The robustness of this mechanism was further examined in this study using the NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis 1 (NCEP-R1) and NCEP-DOE Reanalysis 2 (NCEP-R2). The northerly LLJs to the east of the Andes are strongest in ERA, with wind speeds well above 15ms(-1). In NCEP-R1 and R2, typical wind speeds are about 12 and 10ms(-1), respectively. A statistical analysis of the three reanalysis datasets indicates that the SALLJ significantly correlates with the zonal wind of previous days over the South Pacific, particularly with the surface zonal wind. Based on this result, a statistical model introduced in Wang and Fu (2004) was employed in this study for forecasting the SALLJ using the QuikSCAT ocean surface wind as a predictor. The model was applied to June, July and August of 1999 to 2006 for up to 5 day forecasts of the SALLJ. Cross validations of the hindcasts indicate significant predictability of strong LLJ events with the QuikSCAT ocean surface wind data. C1 [Wang, H.; Fu, R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wang, H.; Schemm, J. K.] NOAA, NCEP NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Tang, W.; Liu, W. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wang, H.] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM hui.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008; Fu, Rong/B-4922-2011 FU NASA Ocean Vector Wind Science FX This work was supported by the NASA Ocean Vector Wind Science Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory through subcontracts to Georgia Institute of Technology. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive comments and suggestions. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 21 BP 6117 EP 6127 DI 10.1080/01431160802175512 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 364HG UT WOS:000260326200004 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Liu, AK Hsu, MK AF Zhao, Y. Liu, A. K. Hsu, M. -K. TI Internal wave refraction observed from sequential satellite images SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SEA-ICE MOTION; SAR; INTERFEROMETRY; CALIFORNIA; FEATURES; SSM/I; SHEET; DRIFT; BUOY AB Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors aboard polar-orbiting satellites have the abilities to acquire high spatial resolution images of the Earth's surface under all weather conditions, but their temporal sampling intervals are long. However, currently two SAR sensors aboard the European remote sensing satellite-2 (ERS-2) and the environment satellite (ENVISAT) have almost the same flight paths with ERS-2 following ENVISAT by approximately 28 minutes. Thus, high spatial resolution images from these two SAR can be jointly used to achieve a high temporal sampling interval for ocean feature monitoring and tracking. This approach has been used to track internal wave refraction along Dong-Sha Atoll in the South China Sea (SCS) on 16 April 2003. On that same day, the moderate resolution imaging spectro-radiometer (MODIS) aboard Terra passed though the same location 28 minutes after ERS-2 and collected data under almost no cloud condition. Therefore, Terra MODIS images provide another source for monitoring the wave refraction and validating the internal wave speed around Dong-Sha Atoll. C1 [Zhao, Y.] Caelum Res Corp, Rockville, MD USA. [Liu, A. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hsu, M. -K.] Technol & Sci Inst No Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), Caelum Res Corp, Rockville, MD USA. EM Yunhe.zhao@nasa.gov FU US Office of Naval Research; Taiwan's National Science Council FX This work is supported by the US Office of Naval Research and Taiwan's National Science Council. All ERS-2 SAR and ENVISAT ASAR data are copyrighted by ESA. The second author is now on temporary assignment to the US Office of Naval Research Global in Tokyo, Japan. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 21 BP 6381 EP 6390 DI 10.1080/01431160802175520 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 364HG UT WOS:000260326200023 ER PT J AU Hsu, MK Liu, AK Zhao, Y Hotta, K AF Hsu, M. -K. Liu, A. K. Zhao, Y. Hotta, K. TI Satellite remote sensing of spratly islands using SAR SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Spratly Islands, located in the southern part of the South China Sea (SCS), consist of more than 100 small islands, coral reefs and banks. Remote sensing is the only way to obtain a synoptic view of all of the islands in such a large area. It has been demonstrated that satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is a very powerful tool for monitoring meso-scale and small-scale ocean processes in a large area. In this study, satellite SAR images were used to study the ocean environment in the area of Spratly Islands. The aim was to understand the capability of satellite remote sensing to monitor ocean processes and provide information for future field studies. Two sets of high-resolution European Remote Sensing satellite (ERS)-2 SAR images over the entire Spratly Islands area were collected in April and December 2005. The ocean features were identified/extracted from the SAR images to overlay the bathymetric map for comparison. Some case studies of SAR mapping on Spratly Islands are described and issues regarding existing navigation charts are discussed. C1 [Hsu, M. -K.] Technol & Sci Inst No Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan. [Liu, A. K.; Zhao, Y.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ocean Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Hotta, K.] Nihon Univ, Dept Ocean Architecture & Engn, Chiba, Japan. RP Hsu, MK (reprint author), Technol & Sci Inst No Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan. EM hsu.ming.kuang@gmail.com FU US Office of Naval Research; Taiwan's National Science Council; ENVISAT ASAR [AO219, AO3146] FX This work was supported by the US Office of Naval Research and Taiwan's National Science Council. ENVISAT ASAR data are provided by ESA through AO219 and AO3146. ERS-2 SAR data were collected at the Taiwan Ground Station, and all ERS-2 and ENVISAT data are copyrighted by the ESA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 21 BP 6427 EP 6436 DI 10.1080/01431160802175405 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 364HG UT WOS:000260326200027 ER PT J AU Kearney, CS Dean, K Realmuto, VJ Watson, IM Dehn, J Prata, F AF Kearney, C. S. Dean, K. Realmuto, V. J. Watson, I. M. Dehn, J. Prata, F. TI Observations of SO(2) production and transport from Bezymianny volcano, Kamchatka using the MODerate resolution Infrared Spectroradiometer (MODIS) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Geological-Remote-Sensing-Group CY SEP, 2005 CL London, ENGLAND SP Geol Soc London, Remote Sensing & Photogrammetry Soc, Geol Remote Sensing Grp ID OZONE MAPPING SPECTROMETER; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; KILAUEA-VOLCANO; SATELLITE DATA; ASH CLOUDS; ERUPTIONS; EMISSIONS; HAWAII; AVHRR; MODEL AB Bezymianny volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, is one of the most active volcanoes in the North Pacific (NOPAC) region and erupts violently on average every 6 months. We report the SO(2) cloud mass, emission and transport rates for the eruption of Bezymianny on 13-14 January 2004, and discuss the issues associated with determining SO(2) production and transfer to the atmosphere from NOPAC volcanoes. During the 13-14 January 2004 eruption, Bezymianny was observed twice by the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) at 0025 and 0210 UTC on 14 January. Using a retrieval based on the 8.6 mu m SO(2) infrared absorption feature, MODIS yielded a total cloud mass of 34.6 +/- 5.19 kt of SO(2), an SO(2) emission rate of similar to(4.9 x 10(3)) +/- (9.12 x 10(2)) kgs(-1), and a transport rate of similar to 16.5ms(-1). We tested the sensitivity of the SO(2) algorithm to the following input parameters: cloud top height, atmospheric profile, spectral emissivity of the ground and maximum SO(2) threshold. The retrieval is sensitive to the atmospheric profile and is particularly dependent on the choice of background emissivity. Multiple background emissivity spectra, obtained over homogeneous backgrounds, reduce errors in the retrieval, when compared to single, less homogeneous emissivity regions. C1 [Kearney, C. S.; Dean, K.; Dehn, J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kearney, C. S.; Watson, I. M.] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Realmuto, V. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Watson, I. M.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Prata, F.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Trondheim, Norway. RP Kearney, CS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM C.Kearney@bristol.ac.uk RI Watson, Matt/E-5236-2011 OI Watson, Matt/0000-0001-9198-2203 NR 36 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 22 BP 6647 EP 6665 DI 10.1080/01431160802168392 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 365TW UT WOS:000260432500011 ER PT J AU Kwarteng, AY Dobson, MC Kellndorfer, J Williams, R AF Kwarteng, A. Y. Dobson, M. C. Kellndorfer, J. Williams, R. TI SAR-based land cover classification of Kuwait SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID EASTERN SAHARA; NEURAL-NETWORK; SHUTTLE-RADAR; VEGETATION; IMAGERY; FEATURES; DESERT; SOIL AB Orbital synthetic aperture radar (SAR) C-band data acquired by ERS-1/2 in vv-polarization and Radarsat in hh-polarization during the period from 1996 to 1999 were used to evaluate their combined information potential for classification of land cover in the arid environment of Kuwait. Individual SAR scenes were orthorectified using a digital elevation model (DEM) of Kuwait, radiometrically adjusted for incidence angle effects, and mosaics were generated for the whole country. The data were coregistered as multichannel composites and integrated with geographical information system (GIS) layers of roads, hydrology, soils and vegetation. An adaptive spatial filter was used to increase the number of effective independent looks prior to generation of feature vectors based on SAR backscatter power values. A total of 13 classes of the joint ERS-1/2 and Radarsat images were identified based on Bhattacharya distance and geospatial pattern. The C-band radar backscatter observed by ERS and Radarsat was found to be related to vegetation cover, surface roughness, percentage of coarse material in the surface layer and moisture conditions. These factors are not independent, but are known to be correlated. The complexity of these dependencies made unambiguous classification of surface material difficult when using C-band data alone. Nevertheless, class labels were assigned using a maximum likelihood supervised classification incorporating field measurements and ancillary data such as soil, and surface sediment maps. When used in a simple two-class classification (e.g. low vs. high vegetation cover fraction, or smooth vs. rough soils), the overall accuracy of the combined ERS and Radarsat data was between 70 and 80%. The generated dataset is amenable to several label definitions based on the requirements of the intended use. C1 [Kwarteng, A. Y.] Sultan Qaboos Univ, Remote Sensing & GIS Ctr, Al Khod Pc 123, Oman. [Dobson, M. C.] NASA Headquarters, Off Earth Sci Code YS, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Kellndorfer, J.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Williams, R.] Envisense Corp, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Kwarteng, AY (reprint author), Sultan Qaboos Univ, Remote Sensing & GIS Ctr, POB 33, Al Khod Pc 123, Oman. EM kwarteng@squ.edu.om OI Kwarteng, Andy/0000-0001-7929-458X FU Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS); Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) [VD002C]; Canadian Space Agency [686] FX This work was supported by the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS) and Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) through project VD002C. The Radarsat data were provided by the Canadian Space Agency as part of ADRO Project no. 686. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 23 BP 6739 EP 6778 AR PII 905105720 DI 10.1080/01431160802209097 PG 40 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 369ET UT WOS:000260677800002 ER PT J AU Chen, YM Liang, S Wang, J Kim, HY Martonchik, JV AF Chen, Y. -M. Liang, S. Wang, J. Kim, H. -Y. Martonchik, J. V. TI Validation of MISR land surface broadband albedo SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NARROW-BAND; CONVERSIONS; REFLECTANCE; NETWORK AB Land surface broadband albedo is a critical variable for many scientific applications. Due to the scarcity of spectral albedo measurements of the Earth's surface environments, it is useful to construct broadband albedo from spectral albedo data obtained by multi-angle satellite observations. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) onboard NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra satellite provides land surface albedo products from multi-angular observations; however, the products have not been comprehensively validated. We convert MISR spectral albedos to total shortwave albedos and validate them using ground measurements at different validation sites. For most surface types, a published narrowband to broadband conversion formula was used, but a new conversion formula for snow and ice covered sites is developed in this study where the spectral range of the instrument is different. Several comparisons are made: (1) between MISR directional-hemispherical reflectance (DHR) or albedo and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) DHR; and (2) between MISR spectral DHR and bi-hemispherical reflectance (BHR). The results show that: (1) both the value and the temporal trends of the MISR shortwave albedo and the ground measured shortwave albedo are in good agreement, with the exception of the snow and ice sites; (2) the MISR DHR conforms well to MODIS DHR; and (3) the values of MISR DHR and BHR are nearly identical. C1 [Chen, Y. -M.; Wang, J.] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Liang, S.; Kim, H. -Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Martonchik, J. V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Chen, YM (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM yongmei_ch@hotmail.com RI liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015 FU Chinese Ministry of Education; NASA [NNG04GL85G]; [2004DFA06300] FX The work is funded by 2004DFA06300 and the 985 Innovative Group of the Chinese Ministry of Education and the NASA grant NNG04GL85G. The authors thank Dr H. Fang for his assistance in handling the MISR data and the Ameriflux, SURFRAD, BSRN, GC-Net and FLUXNET for their efforts to make surface products and site information available to us. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 23 BP 6971 EP 6983 AR PII 903079418 DI 10.1080/01431160802199876 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 369ET UT WOS:000260677800014 ER PT J AU Brown, ME Lary, DJ Vrieling, A Stathakis, D Mussa, H AF Brown, M. E. Lary, D. J. Vrieling, A. Stathakis, D. Mussa, H. TI Neural networks as a tool for constructing continuous NDVI time series from AVHRR and MODIS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION INDEXES; SPOT-VEGETATION; LAND; CLASSIFICATION; SOIL; REFLECTANCE; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; DATASET; SENSORS AB The long term Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) record provides a critical historical perspective on vegetation dynamics necessary for global change research. Despite the proliferation of new sources of global, moderate resolution vegetation datasets, the remote sensing community is still struggling to create datasets derived from multiple sensors that allow the simultaneous use of spectral vegetation for time series analysis. To overcome the non-stationary aspect of NDVI, we use an artificial neural network (ANN) to map the NDVI indices from AVHRR to those from MODIS using atmospheric, surface type and sensor-specific inputs to account for the differences between the sensors. The NDVI dynamics and range of MODIS NDVI data at 1 is matched and extended through the AVHRR record. Four years of overlap between the two sensors is used to train a neural network to remove atmospheric and sensor specific effects on the AVHRR NDVI. In this paper, we present the resulting continuous dataset, its relationship to MODIS data, and a validation of the product. C1 [Brown, M. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lary, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, UMBC GEST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Vrieling, A.; Stathakis, D.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Mussa, H.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CBR 3QZ, England. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM molly.brown@nasa.gov RI Brown, Molly/E-2724-2010; Lary, David/A-6163-2010; Vrieling, Anton/B-2639-2012; Stathakis, Demetris/J-7084-2013; Brown, Molly/M-5146-2013; OI Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314; Vrieling, Anton/0000-0002-7979-1540; Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314; Stathakis, Demetris/0000-0003-2411-7249 NR 39 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 24 BP 7141 EP 7158 AR PII 905133572 DI 10.1080/01431160802238435 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 370OK UT WOS:000260771300006 ER PT J AU Hatamleh, O AF Hatamleh, Omar TI Surface hardness changes in laser peened Friction Stir Welded 2195 and 7075 Aluminum Alloys SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Friction Stir Welding; FSW; laser peening; shot peening; microhardness; 2195; 7075 AB The effects of peening techniques like laser and shot peening on hardness were investigated for friction stir welded 2195 and 7075 Aluminum Alloys (AA). The surface hardness variations from various peening techniques were investigated for both sides of the welds. The laser peening intensity used in this investigation resulted in hardness level 28% higher in the weld nugget region. The hardness levels due to laser peening increased proportionally with the number of peening layers in the 2195 aluminum alloy. In contrast, 7075 aluminum alloy exhibited little difference in hardness as the number of peening layers increased. C1 NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Struct Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Hatamleh, O (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Struct Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM omar.hatamleh-1@nasa.gov NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1749-785X J9 INT J SURF SCI ENG JI Int. J. Surf. Sci. Eng. PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1-2 BP 14 EP 28 DI 10.1504/IJSURFSE.2008.018965 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA V12XP UT WOS:000207632200002 ER PT S AU Lansbergren, GP Rahman, R Caro, J Biesemans, S Klimeck, G Hollenberg, LCL Rogge, S AF Lansbergren, G. P. Rahman, R. Caro, J. Biesemans, S. Klimeck, G. Hollenberg, L. C. L. Rogge, S. BE Goodnick, SM Ferry, DK TI Transport spectroscopy of a single atom in a FinFET SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCED NANODEVICES AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Advanced Nanodevices and Nanotechnology CY DEC 01-07, 2007-2008 CL Waikoloa, HI ID SILICON; STATE AB Current semiconductor devices have been scaled to such dimensions that we need to look at them atomistically to understand their operation for nanoelectronics. At the same time this also brings new opportunities such as electrical access to a single dopant. This paper focusses on the physics of transport through a single n-type dopant in a semiconductor and the gate control of the wavefunction of this atom. Understanding and controlling a dopant's wavefunction in a nanostructure is a key ingredient of Si quantum electronics. In our experimental system we are sensitive to only a single As donor incorporated in the channel of a Si triple-gate transistor and measure the level spectrum and charging energy by means of transport spectroscopy. These levels can be assigned to the dopant, a triangular well at the interface and hybridized combinations of those two. The assignment is based on atomistic modeling of the dopant close to the interface in a tight binding approach. C1 [Lansbergren, G. P.; Caro, J.; Klimeck, G.; Rogge, S.] Delft Univ Technol, Kava Inst Nanosci, Lorentzweg 1, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. [Rahman, R.] Purdue Univ, Network Computat Biotechnol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Biesemans, S.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Ctr Quantum Comp Technol, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Hollenberg, L. C. L.] Interuniv Microelect Ctr, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Klimeck, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lansbergren, GP (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Kava Inst Nanosci, Lorentzweg 1, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. RI Hollenberg, Lloyd/B-2296-2010; Lansbergen, Gabriel/A-7895-2011; Klimeck, Gerhard/A-1414-2012; Rogge, Sven/G-3709-2010; OI Klimeck, Gerhard/0000-0001-7128-773X; Rahman, Rajib/0000-0003-1649-823X NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 109 AR 012003 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/109/1/012003 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BII06 UT WOS:000259605600003 ER PT S AU Ma, SM Seo, J Yu, W Yang, QG Tabibi, B Temple, D Min, N June, S Kim, W AF Ma, Seong-Min Seo, JaeTae Yu, William Yang, Qiguang Tabibi, Bagher Temple, Doyle Min, Namkung June, SungSoo Kim, WanJoong BE Goodnick, SM Ferry, DK TI Ultrafast Time-Resolved DFWM of CdTe Quantum Dots in Toluene SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCED NANODEVICES AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Advanced Nanodevices and Nanotechnology CY DEC 01-07, 2007-2008 CL Waikoloa, HI AB Ultrafast third-order nonlinear dynamics in CdTe quantum dots at room temperature have been investigated using a degenerate four-wave mixing at similar to 775 run. The effective third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility and the intrinsic dephasing time in CdTe QDs were estimated to be similar to 4.39x10(-22) m(5)/V-2 and similar to 675 fs, respectively. C1 [Ma, Seong-Min; Seo, JaeTae; Yang, Qiguang; Tabibi, Bagher; Temple, Doyle] Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Yu, William] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Biochem, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Min, Namkung] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [June, SungSoo; Kim, WanJoong] Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci, Taejon 305600, South Korea. RP Ma, SM (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. EM jaetae.seo@hamptonu.edu FU Army Research Office [W911NF-07-1-0608]; National Science Foundation [HRD-0734635, HRD-0630372, ESI-0426328/002, EEC-0532472] FX This work at Hampton University was supported by Army Research Office (W911NF-07-1-0608) and National Science Foundation (HRD-0734635, HRD-0630372, ESI-0426328/002, and EEC-0532472). NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 109 AR 012025 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/109/1/012025 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BII06 UT WOS:000259605600025 ER PT J AU Moissl, C Bruckner, JC Venkateswaran, K AF Moissl, Christine Bruckner, James C. Venkateswaran, Kasthuri TI Archaeal diversity analysis of spacecraft assembly clean rooms SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE 16S rRNA; Archaea; clean room; molecular community analysis; spacecraft assembly facility ID MARS; ABUNDANCE; ENERGY; SOIL AB One of the main tasks of NASA's planetary protection program is to prevent the forward contamination of extraterrestrial environments with Earth life, and in turn preserve other planets and the integrity of future life detection missions. Despite information regarding bacterial diversity in NASA's clean rooms, little is known about the presence of Archaea. Archaeal community analysis of spacecraft-associated surfaces is important, as they are considered by some to represent terrestrial life most capable of surviving on Mars. The first insights into the archaeal diversity of clean rooms where spacecraft assembled are attempted. Nucleic acid sequences clustering with uncultivable Archaea within the Eury- and Crenarchaeota were retrieved from 8 of 26 samples collected from several spacecraft assembly clean rooms. Due to their potential capability to survive and proliferate in Martian conditions, screening for Archaea on spacecraft surfaces and instruments that are associated with future life detection missions may be necessary. C1 [Moissl, Christine; Bruckner, James C.; Venkateswaran, Kasthuri] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Biotechnol & Planetary Protect Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Venkateswaran, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Biotechnol & Planetary Protect Grp, M S 89 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kjvenkat@jpl.nasa.gov RI Moissl-Eichinger, Christine/A-6682-2015 OI Moissl-Eichinger, Christine/0000-0001-6755-6263 NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1038/ismej.2007.98 PG 5 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 254NA UT WOS:000252592100013 PM 18180750 ER PT B AU Dechev, D Mahapatra, R Stroustrup, B Wagner, D AF Dechev, Damian Mahapatra, Rabi Stroustrup, Bjame Wagner, David TI C plus plus dynamic cast in autonomous space systems SO ISORC 2008: 11TH IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON OBJECT/COMPONENT/SERVICE-ORIENTED REAL-TIME DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing CY MAY 05-07, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Proc, IFIP WG 10 2 Embedded Syst, IFIP WG 10 4 Dependable Comp & Fault Tolerance AB The dynamic cast operation allows flexibility in the design and use of data management facilities in object-oriented programs. Dynamic cast has an important role in the implementation of the Data Management Services (DMS) of the Mission Data System Project (MDS), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's experimental work for providing a state-based and goal-oriented unified architecture for testing and development of mission software. DIMS is responsible for the storage and transport of control and scientific data in a remote autonomous spacecraft. Like similar operators in other languages, the C++ dynamic cast operator does not provide the timing guarantees needed for hard real-time embedded systems. In a recent study, Gibbs and Stroustrup (G&S) devised a dynamic cast implementation strategy that guarantees fast constant-time performance. This paper presents the definition and application of a co-simulation framework to formally verify and evaluate the G&S fast dynamic casting scheme and its applicability in the Mission Data System DIMS application. We describe the systematic process of model-based simulation and analysis that has lead to performance improvement of the G&S algorithm's heuristics by about a factor of 2. C1 [Dechev, Damian; Mahapatra, Rabi; Stroustrup, Bjame] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wagner, David] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Dechev, D (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM dechev@tamu.edu; rabi@cs.tamu.edu; bs@cs.tamu.edu; david.a.wagner@jpl.nasa.gov OI Dechev, Damian/0000-0002-0569-3403 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3132-8 PY 2008 BP 499 EP + DI 10.1109/ISORC.2008.20 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHU36 UT WOS:000256430300069 ER PT B AU Touil, H Hussaini, MY Gotoh, T Rubinstein, R Woodruff, SL AF Touil, Hatem Hussaini, M. Yousuff Gotoh, Toshiyuki Rubinstein, Robert Woodruff, Stephen L. BE Kaneda, Y TI Intrinsic Langevin models for turbulence SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS AND NEW PERSPECTIVES IN TURBULENCE SE IUTAM Bookseries LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on Computational Physics and New Perspectives in Turbulence CY SEP 11-14, 2006-2009 CL Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, JAPAN SP Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech, 21st Cent COE Program, Frontiers Computat Sci, Daiko Fdn, Kao Fdn Arts & Sci, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Springer Sci & Business Media HO Nagoya Univ DE large eddy simulation; subgrid model; Langevin model ID ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE AB Large eddy simulation entails the projection of a large number of mode amplitudes onto a much smaller set of resolved modes. General considerations of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics [1] show that the interactions with the unresolved modes can be replaced by a damping and a forcing, that is, by a Langevin model. In the present work, we attempt to construct such Langevin models for turbulence directly from DNS data. Whereas LES modeling based on the Smagorinsky picture focuses exclusively on the construction of suitable damping, we will place equal emphasis on the random forcing. An important feature of the approach is that a 'universal' model is not sought; instead, following an important suggestion of Kraichnan [2], we emphasize that the analytical structure of the model depends crucially on what statistical quantities are to be predicted. C1 [Touil, Hatem; Hussaini, M. Yousuff] Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Gotoh, Toshiyuki] Nagoya Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn, Showa ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4668555, Japan. [Gotoh, Toshiyuki] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. [Rubinstein, Robert] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Computat Aerosci Branch, Hampton 23681, VA USA. [Woodruff, Stephen L.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Touil, H (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM touil@scs.fsu.edu; my@scs.fsu.edu; gotoh.toshiyuki@nitech.ac; r.rubinstein@larc.nasa.gov; woodruff@caps.fsu.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4020-6471-5 J9 IUTAM BOOKSER PY 2008 VL 4 BP 261 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6472-2_40 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BHJ85 UT WOS:000253667300040 ER PT B AU Yokoi, N Rubinstein, R Yoshizawa, A AF Yokoi, Nobumitsu Rubinstein, Robert Yoshizawa, Akira BE Kaneda, Y TI Eddy viscosity in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS AND NEW PERSPECTIVES IN TURBULENCE SE IUTAM Bookseries LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on Computational Physics and New Perspectives in Turbulence CY SEP 11-14, 2006-2009 CL Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, JAPAN SP Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech, 21st Cent COE Program, Frontiers Computat Sci, Daiko Fdn, Kao Fdn Arts & Sci, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Springer Sci & Business Media HO Nagoya Univ DE magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); plasmas; eddy viscosity; Alfven effects; turbulence model ID ROTATION; PLASMAS AB Eddy viscosity in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is investigated with the notion of synthesized timescale composed of the eddy-turnover and the Alfven times. For the purpose of determining the timescale weight factor, we fully utilize the fact that the decay rate of the turbulent MHD residual energy, the difference between the kinetic and magnetic fluctuation energies, is constituted by the eddy-distortion and the Alfven effects. Comparison of the spacecraft observations of solar-wind turbulence and the simulation of the turbulence model incorporating the residual-energy equation provides us with the estimate of the timescale weight factor. The spontaneous flow generation observed in the reversed magnetic shear (RS) mode in tokamak plasma is examined by using the numerical simulation of a turbulence model. Flow localization, which could not be reproduced with the usual eddy viscosity, is successfully reproduced with the synthesized viscosity. C1 [Yokoi, Nobumitsu] Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538505, Japan. [Rubinstein, Robert] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Yoshizawa, Akira] Univ Tokyo, Emeritus Professor, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. RP Yokoi, N (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538505, Japan. EM nobyokoi@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp; r.rubinstein@larc.nasa.gov; ay-tsch@mbg.nifty.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4020-6471-5 J9 IUTAM BOOKSER PY 2008 VL 4 BP 279 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6472-2_43 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BHJ85 UT WOS:000253667300043 ER PT J AU Schaefer, ED Bailey, VL Ercol, CJ Ling, SX Schulze, RC Vernon, SR AF Schaefer, Edward D. Bailey, Vincent L. Ercol, Carl J. Ling, Sharon X. Schulze, Ron C. Vernon, Steven R. TI Spacecraft Packaging SO JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Article AB A spacecraft designed for an interplanetary mission is like any highly integrated system and adheres to the basic principle that "form follows function." The configuration of an interplanetary spacecraft is largely driven by its instruments and their fields of view, pointing, mass, and power and thermal requirements. This article looks at three recently launched APL spacecraft-New Horizons, MESSENGER (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging), and STEREO (Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory)-in the context of their design constraints, how these constraints were met, what areas they had in common, and what areas were unique and why. C1 [Schaefer, Edward D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20703 USA. [Ercol, Carl J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Mech Syst Grp, Thermal Design & Anal Sect, Laurel, MD 20703 USA. [Schulze, Ron C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Fleet Syst Dept, Laurel, MD 20703 USA. [Vernon, Steven R.] NASA, Washington, DC USA. RP Schaefer, ED (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20703 USA. EM edward.schaefer@jhuapl.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PI LAUREL PA APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATTN: TECHNICAL DIGEST JOHN HOPKINS RD, BLDG 1W-131, LAUREL, MD 20723-6099 USA SN 0270-5214 J9 J HOPKINS APL TECH D JI Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 4 EP 16 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 556RO UT WOS:000274609100002 ER PT J AU Zhang, D Moore, KF Friedl, RR Leu, MT AF Zhang, Dan Moore, Katharine F. Friedl, Randall R. Leu, Ming-Taun TI Design and characterization of a horizontal thermal gradient cloud condensation nucleus spectrometer SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CCN; NaCl aerosols; supersaturation; Kohler theory AB We report the design and characterization of a continuous-flow horizontal thermal gradient cloud condensation nucleus spectrometer (CCNS). The calibration of supersaturation inside the CCNS chamber using monodisperse NaCl aerosols shows that it is important to experimentally determine the supersaturation profile of the instrument, rather than relying on theoretical calculations based on measurements of the temperature gradient. The latter method significantly overestimates the actual supersaturation, mainly because of the discrepancy between measured and actual temperature gradients and the non-ideality in droplet samplings. Laboratory experiments were also performed to validate the instrumental performance and to compare the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation results with theoretical predictions based on Kohler theory. In the current configuration, the operational range of the CCNS has been verified to be between 0.08% and 0.9% supersaturation, with potential for further range enhancement. Using a computer-controlled motorized sampling system, we have demonstrated that CCN activation experiments can be routinely performed with much higher time resolution, suggesting excellent potential of this CCNS instrument for airborne measurements. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Dan; Moore, Katharine F.; Friedl, Randall R.; Leu, Ming-Taun] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Leu, MT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Ming-Taun.Leu@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 39 IS 1 BP 30 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2007.10.004 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 264MJ UT WOS:000253291300004 ER PT J AU Maul, WA Kopasakis, G Santi, LM Sowers, TS Chicatelli, A AF Maul, William A. Kopasakis, George Santi, Louis M. Sowers, Thomas S. Chicatelli, Amy TI Sensor Selection and Optimization for Health Assessment of Aerospace Systems SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENTATION NETWORK DESIGN; LINEAR-PROCESSES; OBSERVABILITY CRITERIA; FAULT-DETECTION; PLACEMENT; UPGRADE; PLANTS AB Aerospace systems are developed similarly to other large-scale systems through a series of reviews, where designs are modified as system requirements are refined. For space-based systems few are built and placed into service-these research vehicles have limited historical experience to draw from and formidable reliability and safety requirements, due to the remote and severe environment of space. Aeronautical systems have similar reliability and safety requirements, and while these systems may have historical information to access, commercial and military systems require longevity under a range of operational conditions and applied loads. Historically, the design of aerospace systems, particularly the selection of sensors, is based on the requirements for control and performance rather than on health assessment needs. Furthermore, the safety and reliability requirements are met through sensor suite augmentation in an ad hoc, heuristic manner, rather than any systematic approach. A review of the current sensor selection practice within and outside of the aerospace community was conducted and a sensor selection architecture is proposed that will provide a justifiable, defendable sensor suite to address system health assessment requirements. C1 [Maul, William A.; Sowers, Thomas S.; Chicatelli, Amy] Analex Corp, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Kopasakis, George] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Santi, Louis M.] Jacobs ESTS Grp, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Maul, WA (reprint author), Analex Corp, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. FU Integrated System Health Management Project under the NASA Exploration Technology Development Program; Integrated Vehicle Health Management Project under the NASA Aviation Safety Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Integrated System Health Management Project under the NASA Exploration Technology Development Program and the Integrated Vehicle Health Management Project under the NASA Aviation Safety Program for their interest in and support of this effort. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROS COMP INF COM JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 16 EP 34 DI 10.2514/1.34677 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 496XK UT WOS:000270013500003 ER PT J AU Marquez, JJ Cummings, ML AF Marquez, J. J. Cummings, M. L. TI Design and Evaluation of Path Planning Decision Support for Planetary Surface Exploration SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID SITUATION AWARENESS; AUTOMATION; PERFORMANCE AB Human intent is an integral part of real-time path planning and re-planning, thus any decision aiding system must support human-automation interaction. The appropriate balance between humans and automation for this task has previously not been adequately studied. In order to better understand task allocation and collaboration between humans and automation for geospatial path problem solving, a prototype path planning aid was developed and tested. The focus was human planetary surface exploration, a high risk, time-critical domain, but the scenario is representative of any domain where humans path plan across uncertain terrain. Three visualizations, including elevation contour maps, a novel visualization called levels of equal costs, and a combination of the two were tested along with two levels of automation. When participants received the lower level of automation assistance, their path costs errors were less than 35% of the optimal, and they integrated manual sensitivity analysis strategies. When participants used the higher level of automation assistance, path costs errors were reduced to a few percentages, and they saved on average 1.5 minutes in the task. However, this increased performance came at the price of decreased situation awareness and automation bias. C1 [Marquez, J. J.; Cummings, M. L.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Marquez, JJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Human Syst Integrat Div, M-S 262-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Jessica.J.Marquez@nasa.gov FU NASA Harriett G. Jenkins Predoctoral Fellowship; Office of Naval Research FX We would like to acknowledge the NASA Harriett G. Jenkins Predoctoral Fellowship and the Office of Naval Research for sponsoring this research. We would also like to thank Ms. Heather Conner and Ms. Maithilee Kunda for their contributions to this research and all the volunteer subjects that participated in this experiment. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROSP COMPUT IN C JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 57 EP 71 DI 10.2514/1.26248 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 496XP UT WOS:000270014000001 ER PT J AU Kuhn, K AF Kuhn, Kenneth TI Analysis of Thunderstorm Effects on Aggregated Aircraft Trajectories SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID RANKS AB The utility of route guidance and trajectory prediction tools in air traffic management is directly related to how well such tools anticipate pilot and controller reactions to weather. This paper presents a new method for translating weather data into patterns in aggregated aircraft trajectories. Techniques are described that limit the human and computational effort required to analyze large sets of data and enable formulation and discovery of mathematical relationships among large numbers of weather- and flight plan-related variables. The method is used to examine the effects of thunderstorms on aggregate aircraft operations near Atlanta in the spring and summer of 2007. Measures of precipitation intensity and storm cell height were related to aircraft positions over a period of 40 days. A mathematical model of the relationship between precipitation intensity, storm cell height, flight level, and airspace occupancy was constructed using multivariate adaptive polynomial spline regression. Explanatory power was lost when aircraft altitude and storm cell height readings were combined into a measure of their difference. Precipitation intensity contributed surprisingly little discriminatory power to the built model. Aircraft sought to avoid airspace within 5 km of storm activity, rerouting to airspace 10 km to 20 km and farther from the storm. C1 [Kuhn, Kenneth] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kuhn, K (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett, CA 94035 USA. EM Kenneth.D.Kuhn@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROSP COMPUT IN C JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 108 EP 119 DI 10.2514/1.34830 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510FE UT WOS:000271072700002 ER PT J AU Whorton, MS AF Whorton, Mark S. TI Closed-Loop System Identification with Genetic Algorithms SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB High-performance control design for a flexible space structure is challenging as high-fidelity plant models are difficult to obtain a priori. Uncertainty in the control design models typically require a very robust, low-performance control design, which must be tuned on-orbit to achieve the required performance. Closed-loop system identification is often required to obtain a multivariable open-loop plant model based on closed-loop response data. To provide an accurate initial plant model to guarantee convergence for standard local optimization methods, this paper presents a global parameter optimization method using genetic algorithms. A minimal representation of the state space dynamics is used to mitigate the nonuniqueness and overparameterization of general state space realizations. This control-relevant system identification procedure stresses the joint nature of the system identification and control design problem by seeking to obtain a model that minimizes the difference between the predicted and actual closed-loop performance. C1 [Whorton, Mark S.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM mark.whorton@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROSP COMPUT IN C JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP 161 EP 173 DI 10.2514/1.31716 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510FI UT WOS:000271073100002 ER PT J AU Lekki, J Nguyen, QV Bizon, T Nguyen, B Kojima, J Hizlan, M AF Lekki, J. Nguyen, Q. -V. Bizon, T. Nguyen, B. Kojima, J. Hizlan, Murad TI Extremely Low Power Quantum Optical Communication Link for Miniature Planetary Sensor Stations SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article CT AIAA Infotech and Aerospace Conference and Exhibit 2007 CY MAY 07-10, 2007 CL Rohnert Pk, CA ID NANOLASERS AB In this paper a very low power optical communications system is addressed that could be developed specifically for creating networks involving a planetary lander and fixed or mobile sensor stations that could be as small as 1 cm(3). The communication system is a variant of photon-counting based communications. Instead of counting individual photons, the system only counts the arrival of time coincident sets of photons. Using sets of photons significantly decreases the bit error rate because they are highly identifiable in the presence of ambient light. An experiment demonstrating reliable communication over a distance of 70 m using less than a billionth of a watt of radiated power is presented. The experiment also compares this technique to traditional photon counting and successfully demonstrates that time coincident photon communications can achieve an equivalent bit error rate at a signal-to-noise ratio that is 5 to 7 dB lower than what is needed for classical photon counting communication. The components used in this system were chosen so that they could in the future be integrated into a cubic centimeter device. C1 [Lekki, J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Opt Instrumentat & NDE Branch, Brookpark, OH 44135 USA. [Nguyen, Q. -V.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Combust Branch, Brookpark, OH 44135 USA. [Bizon, T.; Nguyen, B.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Digital Commun Branch, Brookpark, OH 44135 USA. [Kojima, J.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, MS OAI, Combust Branch, Brookpark, OH 44142 USA. [Hizlan, Murad] Cleveland State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. RP Lekki, J (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Opt Instrumentat & NDE Branch, MS 77-1, Brookpark, OH 44135 USA. EM John.D.Lekki@nana.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROSP COMPUT IN C JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 10 BP 396 EP 408 DI 10.2514/1.35411 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510FP UT WOS:000271073800005 ER PT J AU Adamovsky, G Otugen, MV AF Adamovsky, G. Oetuegen, M. V. TI Morphology-Dependent Resonances and Their Applications to Sensing in Aerospace Environments SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID WHISPERING-GALLERY MODES; OPTICAL MICROSPHERE RESONATOR; MIE RESONANCES; SCATTERING; BEAM; FORMULATION; EXCITATION; MEDIA; FIBER; SHIFT AB This paper reviews recent developments in morphology-dependent-resonance based sensors for aerospace applications. The sensor concept is based on the detection of small shifts of optical resonances (also called the whispering gallery modes) of dielectric spheres caused by external effects. Recent developments in morphology-dependent-resonance-based micro-optical sensors for temperature, force, pressure, and concentration are discussed. In addition to the experimental configurations used in each type of prototype sensor, a brief overview is also given for analytical approaches to describe the sensor principle. C1 [Adamovsky, G.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Brookpark, OH 44135 USA. [Oetuegen, M. V.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. RP Adamovsky, G (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 77-1,21000 Brookpk Rd, Brookpark, OH 44135 USA. EM gadamovsky@grc.nasa.gov; otugen@eng.smu.edu FU NASA [NAG3-2679]; National Science Foundation [CTS-0502421, IIP-0539067, CBET-0619193] FX The work has been supported by the Integrated Vehicle Health Management, IVHM, Project under NASA Aviation Safety Program. One of the authors, M.V.O., also gratefully acknowledges the support from NASA Glenn Research Center (NASA Grant NAG3-2679) and the National Science Foundation (through grants CTS-0502421, IIP-0539067 and CBET-0619193). NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROSP COMPUT IN C JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 10 BP 409 EP 424 DI 10.2514/1.35775 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510FP UT WOS:000271073800006 ER PT J AU Abdol-Hamid, KS Elmiligui, A AF Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S. Elmiligui, Alaa TI Calculations of high-temperature jet flow using hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes formulations SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 23rd Applied Aerodynamics Conference CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP AIAA ID MODEL AB Two multiscale-type turbulence models are implemented in the PAB3D solver. The models are based on modifying the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The first scheme is a hybrid Reynolds-averaged-Navier-Stokes/large-eddy-simulation model using the two-equation k epsilon model with a Reynolds-averaged-Navier-Stokes/large-eddy-simulation transition function dependent on grid spacing and the computed turbulence length scale. The second scheme is a modified version of the partially averaged Navier-Stokes model in which the unresolved kinetic energy parameter f(k) is allowed to vary as a function of grid spacing and the turbulence length scale. This parameter is estimated based on a novel two-stage procedure to efficiently estimate the level of scale resolution possible for a given flow on a given grid for partially averaged Navier-Stokes. It has been found that the prescribed scale resolution can play a major role in obtaining accurate How solutions. The parameter f(k) varies between zero and one and is equal to one in the viscous sublayer and when the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes turbulent viscosity becomes smaller than the large-eddy-simulation viscosity. The formulation, usage methodology, and validation examples are presented to demonstrate the enhancement of PAB3D's time-accurate turbulence modeling capabilities. The accurate simulations of flow and turbulent quantities will provide a valuable tool for accurate jet noise predictions. Solutions from these models are compared with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes results and experimental data for high-temperature jet flows. The current results show promise for the capability of hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes and large eddy simulation and partially averaged Navier-Stokes in simulating such flow phenomena. C1 [Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Elmiligui, Alaa] Analyt Serv & Mat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Abdol-Hamid, KS (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 64 EP 70 DI 10.2514/1.18767 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 257TC UT WOS:000252820400008 ER PT J AU Rivers, SMB Owens, LR Wahis, RA AF Rivers, S. Melissa B. Owens, Lewis R. Wahis, Richard A. TI Investigations for supersonic transports at transonic and supersonic conditions SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID MODELS; FLOWS AB Several computational studies were conducted as part of NASA's High-Speed Research Program. Results of turbulence model comparisons from two studies on supersonic transport configurations performed during NASA's High-Speed Research program are given. The effects of grid topology and the representation of the actual wind-tunnel model geometry are also investigated. Results are presented for both transonic conditions at Mach 0.90 and supersonic conditions at Mach 2.48. A feature of these two studies was the availability of higher Reynolds number wind-tunnel data with which to compare the computational results. The transonic wind-tunnel data were obtained in the National Transonic Facility at NASA Langley Research Center, and the supersonic data were obtained in the Boeing Company Polysonic Wind Tunnel. The computational data were acquired using a state-of-the-art Navier-Stokes flow solver with a wide range of turbulence models implemented. The results show that the computed forces compare reasonably well with the experimental data, with the Baldwin-Lomax with Degani-Schiff modifications and the Baldwin-Barth models showing the best agreement for the transonic conditions and the Spalart-Allmaras model showing the best agreement for the supersonic conditions. The transonic results were more sensitive to the choice of turbulence model than were the supersonic results. C1 [Rivers, S. Melissa B.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat Aerodynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Owens, Lewis R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Flow Phys & Control Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Wahis, Richard A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Configurat Aerodynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Rivers, SMB (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat Aerodynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.2514/1.30972 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 257TC UT WOS:000252820400021 ER PT J AU Lan, CE Bianchi, S Brandon, JM AF Lan, C. Edward Bianchi, Silvia Brandon, Jay M. TI Effects of bearing friction of a free-to-roll rig on transonic lateral aerodynamics SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference CY AUG 21-24, 2006 CL Keystone, CO SP AIAA AB Tare test data of a free-to-roll test rig with wind off are analyzed for the bearing friction by a method of differential corrections. The resulting data set is extended to transonic wind-on test conditions in oscillation frequency, amplitude, and normal force by assuming the friction coefficient to be inversely proportional to the frequency. The extended set of data is employed to establish a numerical model through a fuzzy logic algorithm. Some results showing the effects of frequency, amplitude, and normal force on the friction torque are illustrated in the paper. The predicted friction torque is then removed from the balance readings of rolling moments in the free-to-roll testing. Results of data analysis for the F-18C and F-16C models indicate that bearing-friction torques have very significant effects on the measured or experimentally determined roll damping. Without friction correction, the measured roll damping would be too small and, in some cases, even incorrect in sign. The effect of friction torque on the dihedral effect tends to be minor. Exceptions to these results appear when the configuration exhibits unstable roll damping in transonic flow. C1 [Lan, C. Edward; Bianchi, Silvia] Univ Kansas, Dept Aerosp Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Brandon, Jay M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Flight Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Lan, CE (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Aerosp Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 298 EP 305 DI 10.2514/1.30387 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 257TC UT WOS:000252820400030 ER PT J AU Nielsen-Gammon, JW Powell, CL Mahoney, MJ Angevine, WM Senff, C White, A Berkowitz, C Doran, C Knupp, K AF Nielsen-Gammon, John W. Powell, Christina L. Mahoney, M. J. Angevine, Wayne M. Senff, Christoph White, Allen Berkowitz, Carl Doran, Christopher Knupp, Kevin TI Multisensor estimation of mixing heights over a coastal city SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE TEMPERATURE PROFILER; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND PROFILERS; AIRBORNE LIDAR; DEPTHS AB An airborne microwave temperature profiler (MTP) was deployed during the Texas 2000 Air Quality Study (TexAQS-2000) to make measurements of boundary layer thermal structure. An objective technique was developed and tested for estimating the mixed layer (ML) height from the MTP vertical temperature profiles. The technique identifies the ML height as a threshold increase of potential temperature from its minimum value within the boundary layer. To calibrate the technique and evaluate the usefulness of this approach, coincident estimates from radiosondes, radar wind profilers, an aerosol backscatter lidar, and in situ aircraft measurements were compared with each other and with the MTP. Relative biases among all instruments were generally less than 50 m, and the agreement between MTP ML height estimates and other estimates was at least as good as the agreement among the other estimates. The ML height estimates from the MTP and other instruments are utilized to determine the spatial and temporal evolution of ML height in the Houston, Texas, area on 1 September 2000. An elevated temperature inversion was present, so ML growth was inhibited until early afternoon. In the afternoon, large spatial variations in ML height developed across the Houston area. The highest ML heights, well over 2 km, were observed to the north of Houston, while downwind of Galveston Bay and within the late afternoon sea breeze ML heights were much lower. The spatial variations that were found away from the immediate influence of coastal circulations were unexpected, and multiple independent ML height estimates were essential for documenting this feature. C1 [Nielsen-Gammon, John W.; Powell, Christina L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Knupp, Kevin] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Berkowitz, Carl; Doran, Christopher] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Angevine, Wayne M.; Senff, Christoph; White, Allen] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Angevine, Wayne M.; Senff, Christoph; White, Allen] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mahoney, M. J.] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Nielsen-Gammon, JW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 3150 TAMUS, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM n-g@tamu.edu RI Nielsen-Gammon, John/G-9771-2012; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013 OI Nielsen-Gammon, John/0000-0001-5336-2409; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; NR 18 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 27 EP 43 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1503.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 266BO UT WOS:000253406500003 ER PT J AU Platnick, S Fontenla, JM AF Platnick, Steven Fontenla, Juan M. TI Model calculations of solar spectral irradiance in the 3.7-mu m band for earth remote sensing applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE HYDROGEN-ION; SEMIEMPIRICAL MODELS; MODERATE RESOLUTION; THERMAL CALIBRATION; AVHRR DATA; CLEAR-SKY; QUIET-SUN; CLOUD; MODIS; ALGORITHM AB Since the launch of the first Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument aboard the Television and Infrared Observational Satellite (TIROS-N), measurements in the 3.7-mu m atmospheric window have been exploited for use in cloud detection and screening, cloud thermodynamic phase and surface snow/ice discrimination, and quantitative cloud particle size retrievals. The utility of the band has led to the incorporation of similar channels on a number of existing satellite imagers and future operational imagers. Daytime observations in the band include both reflected solar and thermal emission energy. Since 3.7-mu m channels are calibrated to a radiance scale (via onboard blackbodies), knowledge of the top-of-atmosphere solar irradiance in the spectral region is required to infer reflectance. Despite the ubiquity of 3.7-mu m channels, absolute solar spectral irradiance data come from either a single measurement campaign (Thekaekara et al.) or synthetic spectra. In the current study, the historical 3.7-mu m band spectral irradiance datasets are compared with the recent semiempirical solar model of the quiet sun by Fontenla et al. The model has expected uncertainties of about 2% in the 3.7-mu m spectral region. The channel-averaged spectral irradiances using the observations reported by Thekaekara et al. are found to be 3.2%-4.1% greater than those derived from the Fontenla et al. model for Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and AVHRR instrument bandpasses; the Kurucz spectrum, as included in the Moderate Spectral Resolution Atmospheric Transmittance (MODTRAN4) distribution, gives channel-averaged irradiances 1.2%-1.5% smaller than the Fontenla model. For the MODIS instrument, these solar irradiance uncertainties result in cloud microphysical retrieval uncertainties that are comparable to other fundamental reflectance error sources. C1 [Platnick, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmospheres, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fontenla, Juan M.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Platnick, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmospheres, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM steven.platnick@nasa.gov RI Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014 OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567 NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 124 EP 134 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1571.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 266BO UT WOS:000253406500009 ER PT J AU Munchak, SJ Tokay, A AF Munchak, S. Joseph Tokay, Ali TI Retrieval of raindrop size distribution from simulated dual-frequency radar measurements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-SLOPE RELATION; WAVELENGTH RADAR; RAINFALL; DISDROMETER; MICROPHYSICS; UNCERTAINTIES; VARIABILITY; STRATIFORM; PARAMETERS; PROFILES AB Observations of raindrop size distributions (DSDs) have validated the use of three-parameter distribution functions in representing the observed spectra. However, dual-frequency radar measurements are limited to retrieving two independent parameters of the DSD, thus requiring a constraint on a three-parameter distribution. In this study, disdrometer observations from a variety of climate regions are employed to develop constraints on the gamma distribution that are optimized for dual-frequency radar rainfall retrievals. These observations are composited by reflectivity, and then gamma parameters are fit to the composites. The results show considerable variability in shape parameter between regions and within a region at different reflectivities. Most notable is that oceanic regions exhibit maxima in shape parameter at 13.6-GHz reflectivities between 40 and 50 dBZ, in contrast to continental regions. The shape parameter and slope parameter of all composite DSDs are poorly correlated. Thus, constraints of a constant shape parameter or shape parameter-slope parameter relationship are inadequate to represent the observed variability. However, the shape and slope parameters are highly correlated at a given reflectivity. Constraints of a fixed shape parameter and relationships between a shape parameter m and slope parameter Lambda, both of which are given as functions of 13.6-GHz reflectivity, are applied to retrieve rain rate, liquid water content, and mean mass diameter from the composites. The m-Lambda relationships perform best at high reflectivity (dBZ(13.6)> 35), whereas the fixed shape parameter generally results in lower error at medium and low reflectivities (dBZ(13.6)< 35). All calculations have been made under the assumption that the reflectivity measurements have been corrected for attenuation. C1 [Tokay, Ali] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tokay, Ali] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Munchak, S. Joseph] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Tokay, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM tokay@radar.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 45 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 223 EP 239 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1524.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 266BO UT WOS:000253406500014 ER PT J AU Merceret, FJ Ward, JG Mach, DM Bateman, MG Dye, JE AF Merceret, Francis J. Ward, Jennifer G. Mach, Douglas M. Bateman, Monte G. Dye, James E. TI On the magnitude of the electric field near thunderstorm-associated clouds SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLATFORMS AB Electric-field measurements made in and near clouds during two airborne field programs are presented. Aircraft equipped with multiple electric-field mills and cloud physics sensors were flown near active convection and into thunderstorm anvil and debris clouds. The magnitude of the electric field was measured as a function of position with respect to the cloud edge to provide an observational basis for modifications to the lightning launch commit criteria (LLCC) used by the U. S. space program. These LLCC are used to reduce the risk that an ascending launch vehicle will trigger a lightning strike that could cause the loss of the mission or vehicle. Even with fields of tens of kV m(-1) inside electrically active convective clouds, the fields external to these clouds decay to less than 3 kV m(-1) within 15 km of cloud edge. Fields that exceed 3 kV m(-1) were not found external to anvil and debris clouds. C1 [Merceret, Francis J.; Ward, Jennifer G.] NASA, KT C H, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Mach, Douglas M.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Bateman, Monte G.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL USA. [Dye, James E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Merceret, FJ (reprint author), NASA, KT C H, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM francis.j.merceret@nasa.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 240 EP 248 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1713.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 266BO UT WOS:000253406500015 ER PT J AU Al-Saadi, J Soja, A Pierce, RB Szykman, J Wiedinmyer, C Emmons, L Kondragunta, S Zhang, XY Kittaka, C Schaack, T Bowman, K AF Al-Saadi, Jassim Soja, Amber Pierce, R. Bradley Szykman, James Wiedinmyer, Christine Emmons, Louisa Kondragunta, Shobha Zhang, Xiaoyang Kittaka, Chieko Schaack, Todd Bowman, Kevin TI Intercomparison of near-real-time biomass burning emissions estimates constrained by satellite fire data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE biomass burning; emission; wildfire; atmospheric composition ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; SPECTROMETER AB We compare biomass burning emissions estimates from four different techniques that use satellite based fire products to determine area burned over regional to global domains. Three of the techniques use active fire detections from polar-orbiting MODIS sensors and one uses detections and instantaneous fire size estimates from geostationary GOES sensors. Each technique uses a different approach for estimating trace gas and particulate emissions from active fires. Here we evaluate monthly area burned and CO emission estimates for most of 2006 over the contiguous United States domain common to all four techniques. Two techniques provide global estimates and these are also compared. Overall we find consistency in temporal evolution and spatial patterns but differences in these monthly estimates can be as large as a factor of 10. One set of emission estimates is evaluated by comparing model CO predictions with satellite observations over regions where biomass burning is significant. These emissions are consistent with observations over the US but have a high bias in three out of four regions of large tropical burning. The large-scale evaluations of the magnitudes and characteristics of the differences presented here are a necessary first step toward an ultimate goal of reducing the large uncertainties in biomass burning emission estimates, thereby enhancing environmental monitoring and prediction capabilities. C1 [Al-Saadi, Jassim] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Soja, Amber] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. [Szykman, James] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wiedinmyer, Christine; Emmons, Louisa] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Kondragunta, Shobha; Zhang, Xiaoyang] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Kittaka, Chieko] SSAI, Hampton, VA USA. [Schaack, Todd] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bowman, Kevin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Al-Saadi, J (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM j.a.al-saadi@nasa.gov RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212 NR 37 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 021504 DI 10.1117/1.2948785 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200004 ER PT J AU Burris, J Richter, D AF Burris, John Richter, Dale TI Tunable infrared radiation for atmospheric profiling SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE optical parametric amplifier; nonlinear optics AB An optical parametric amplifier has been developed to generate tunable 1570 nm radiation from a 1064 nm pump at high efficiency. A micropulse Nd:YAG with two amplifiers generating an average power of 2 watts (10 kHz) is used to pump a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal injection seeded by two CW distributed feedback lasers: one at 1570.824 nm and the second at 1570.973 nm. A conversion efficiency of similar to 28% from the pump into the signal wavelength has been demonstrated. The 1-nanosecond signal has a measured time-averaged jitter of <0.3 pm. C1 [Burris, John] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Richter, Dale] JMAR Technol, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. RP Burris, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 694, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM john.f.burris@nasa.gov; drichter@jmar.com FU NASA's Laser Risk Reduction Program. FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the support provided by NASA's Laser Risk Reduction Program. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 023527 DI 10.1117/1.2960975 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200032 ER PT J AU Crisp, D Miller, CE DeCola, PL AF Crisp, David Miller, Charles E. DeCola, Philip L. TI NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory: measuring the column averaged carbon dioxide mole fraction from space SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; orbiting carbon observatory; NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder Program ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; REFLECTED SUNLIGHT; (CO2)-C-12-O-16; CM(-1) AB The NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) will make space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize regional scale CO2 sources and sinks and quantify their variability over the seasonal cycle. This mission will be launched in December 2008 and will fly in a 705 km altitude, 1: 26 PM sun-synchronous orbit that provides complete coverage of the sunlit hemisphere with a 16-day ground track repeat cycle. OCO carries a single instrument designed to make co-boresighted spectroscopic measurements of reflected sunlight in near-infrared CO2 and molecular oxygen (O-2) bands. These CO2 and O-2 measurements will be combined to provide spatially resolved estimates of the column averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction, X-CO2. The instrument collects 12 to 24 X-CO2 soundings/second over the sunlit portion of the orbit, yielding 200 to 400 soundings per degree of latitude, or 7 to 14 million soundings every 16 days. Existing studies indicate that at least 10% of these soundings will be sufficiently cloud free to yield X-CO2 estimates with accuracies of similar to 0.3 to 0.5% (1 to 2 ppm) on regional scales every month. C1 [Crisp, David; Miller, Charles E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [DeCola, Philip L.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Crisp, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM David.Crisp@jpl.nasa.gov; Charles.E.Miller@jpl.nasa.gov; pdecola@nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was performed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology, under contract to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 023508 DI 10.1117/1.2898457 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200014 ER PT J AU Franz, BA Kwiatkowska, EJ Meister, G McClain, CR AF Franz, Bryan A. Kwiatkowska, Ewa J. Meister, Gerhard McClain, Charles R. TI Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer on Terra: limitations for ocean color applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE ocean color; remote sensing; calibration; validation; MODIS; SeaWiFS ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; SEAWIFS; CALIBRATION; ALGORITHM AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is currently flying on both the Terra and Aqua satellite platforms. The Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center is producing operational ocean color products from the MODIS-Aqua sensor; however, documented uncertainties and instabilities in the prelaunch and on-orbit characterization have inhibited the production of similar products from MODIS-Terra. In particular, the radiometric response of the 412-nm band has degraded by more than 40% over the 7-year mission lifespan, with similar though less extreme changes in the longer wavelengths. While such variability may be fully correctable through the on-board calibration system, it suggests that the optical properties of the scan mirror have changed significantly since launch. Furthermore, the degradation trends are substantially different between the two mirror sides, which is likely a result of asymmetric damage done to the mirror during prelaunch testing. These effects contribute to uncertainty in our knowledge of instrument response versus incidence angle on the mirror and sensitivity with respect to polarization of the observed radiance. In this paper, we examine the impact of apparent MODIS-Terra instrument characterization errors on the derived ocean color products and show that residual errors in the current operational calibration give rise to significant cross-scan artifacts, mirror-side differences, and detector-to-detector striping in the retrieved water-leaving radiances. In addition, we describe OBPG efforts to reduce these artifacts through statistical and vicarious instrument characterization, and show the quality of the resulting water-leaving radiance retrievals relative to those derived from MODIS-Aqua. C1 [Franz, Bryan A.; Kwiatkowska, Ewa J.; Meister, Gerhard; McClain, Charles R.] NASA Ocean Biol Proc Grp, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Franz, Bryan A.; Kwiatkowska, Ewa J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. [Meister, Gerhard] Futuretech Corp, Greenbelt, MD USA. [McClain, Charles R.] NASA, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Franz, BA (reprint author), NASA Ocean Biol Proc Grp, Greenbelt, MD USA. RI Franz, Bryan/D-6284-2012; Meister, Gerhard/F-7159-2012 OI Franz, Bryan/0000-0003-0293-2082; NR 16 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 023525 DI 10.1117/1.2957964 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200030 ER PT J AU Toller, G Xiong, XX Chiang, V Kuyper, J Sun, JQ Tan, LQ Barnes, W AF Toller, Gary Xiong, Xiaoxiong Chiang, Vincent Kuyper, James Sun, Junqiang Tan, Liqin Barnes, William TI Status of earth observing system Terra and Aqua moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer level 1B algorithm SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE MODIS; Terra; Aqua; remote sensing; L1B algorithm ID MODIS AB The first MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was launched on the Terra spacecraft on December 18, 1999. The second MODIS was launched on the Aqua spacecraft on May 4, 2002. As an integral part of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS), these instruments provide daily observations of nearly the whole Earth with the goal of enhancing scientific characterization of land, ocean, atmosphere, climate change, and natural hazards. MODIS uses a scanning mirror, 490 detectors distributed among 36 spectral bands, and on-board calibrators (a solar diffuser, solar diffuser stability monitor, a blackbody, and a spectro-radiometric calibration assembly) to meet these objectives. The MODIS Level 1B (L1B) algorithms, written in C, input uncalibrated, geo-located observations, convert the instrument response into calibrated data, and generate science data sets. This calibration is performed on a pixel-by-pixel basis for each detector. The instrument characterization needed to run the L1B code is implemented using 96 Terra and 99 Aqua Look-up Tables. This paper describes the current L1B algorithm and discusses the changes made as a consequence of on-orbit analyses and operational considerations. C1 [Toller, Gary; Kuyper, James; Tan, Liqin] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Barnes, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chiang, Vincent; Sun, Junqiang] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. [Barnes, William] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Toller, G (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 7501 Forbes Blvd,Suite 150, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 023505 DI 10.1117/1.2839442 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200011 ER PT J AU Tratt, DM Neff, JM Valinia, A AF Tratt, David M. Neff, Jon M. Valinia, Azita TI Analysis of laser remote sensing technology needs in the Earth sciences: a decadal-scale outlook SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Lidar; laser radar; laser altimetry; Earth remote sensing; societal impacts ID ANTARCTIC ICE; SPACE; LIDAR; PREDICTION; WEATHER AB In late 2005 the NASA Earth Science Technology Office convened a working group to review decadal-term technology needs for Earth science active optical remote sensing objectives. The outcome from this effort is intended to guide future NASA investments in laser remote sensing technologies. This paper summarizes the working group findings and places them in context with the conclusions of the National Research Council assessment of future Earth science and applications requirements, completed in 2007. C1 [Tratt, David M.; Neff, Jon M.] Aerosp Corp Civil & Commercial Operat, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Valinia, Azita] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tratt, DM (reprint author), Aerosp Corp Civil & Commercial Operat, 200 S Los Robles Ave,Suite 150, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. EM david.tratt@aero.org; jon.neff@aero.org; azita.valinia@nasa.gov RI Tratt, David/A-7884-2009 OI Tratt, David/0000-0002-3942-6848 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 023546 DI 10.1117/1.3036940 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200050 ER PT J AU Xie, XB Xiong, XX AF Xie, Xiaobo Xiong, Xiaoxiong TI Characterization of earthshine impacts on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer reflective solar bands calibration SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Terra; Aqua; MODIS; sensor; calibration; solar diffuser; earthshine; uncertainty AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is one of the key instruments for NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) missions. Its high quality land, ocean, and atmosphere data products heavily rely on accurate on-orbit calibration and characterization. MODIS reflective solar bands (RSB) on-orbit calibration is reflectance based and is provided by an on-board Solar Diffuser (SD). The Bi-directional Reflectance Factor (BRF) of the SD was characterized pre-launch. The earthshine (ES) contamination to the SD signal was estimated to be approximately 0.5%. On-orbit observations and geometric optical modeling results show that this contamination strongly depends on the wavelength, calibration viewing geometry, and the Earth surface type. In this paper, the contribution from the earthshine on MODIS RSB calibration is illustrated and characterized systematically. A simple approach is proposed to reduce its impact on the RSB calibration. This approach has been applied to both Terra and Aqua MODIS RSB calibration and proved to be effective in reducing the earthshine contaminations. Consequently, it is recommended for future Level 1B calibration and production improvements. C1 [Xie, Xiaobo] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth & Sci Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Xie, XB (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM wavelet.xie@gmail.com; Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 023507 DI 10.1117/1.2898223 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200013 ER PT J AU Wang, JX Fisher, BL Wolff, DB AF Wang, Jianxin Fisher, Brad L. Wolff, David B. TI Estimating rain rates from tipping-bucket rain gauge measurements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEASURING MISSION TRMM; SMALL-SCALE RAINFALL; RADAR REFLECTIVITY; GROUND-VALIDATION; FIELD CAMPAIGN; ERROR; VARIABILITY; CALIBRATION; SIMULATION; PRODUCTS AB This paper describes the cubic spline-based operational system for the generation of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 1-min rain-rate product 2A-56 from tipping-bucket (TB) gauge measurements. A simulated TB gauge from a Joss-Waldvogel disdrometer is employed to evaluate the errors of the TB rain-rate estimation. These errors are very sensitive to the time scale of rain rates. One-minute rain rates suffer substantial errors, especially at low rain rates. When 1-min rain rates are averaged over 4-7-min intervals or longer, the errors dramatically reduce. Estimated lower rain rates are sensitive to the event definition whereas the higher rates are not. The median relative absolute errors are about 22% and 32% for 1-min rain rates higher and lower than 3 mm h(-1), respectively. These errors decrease to 5% and 14% when rain rates are used at the 7-min scale. The radar reflectivity-rain-rate distributions drawn from the large amount of 7-min rain rates and radar reflectivity data are mostly insensitive to the event definition. The time shift due to inaccurate clocks can also cause rain-rate estimation errors, which increase with the shifted time length. Finally, some recommendations are proposed for possible improvements of rainfall measurements and rain-rate estimations. C1 [Wang, Jianxin; Fisher, Brad L.; Wolff, David B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, Jianxin; Fisher, Brad L.; Wolff, David B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wang, JX (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM wang@radar.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Wolff, David/H-5502-2012 NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1 BP 43 EP 56 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHA895.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256CC UT WOS:000252704300004 ER PT J AU Banerjee, RK Kwon, O Vaidya, VS Back, LH AF Banerjee, Rupak K. Kwon, Ohwon Vaidya, Vinayak S. Back, Lloyd H. TI Coupled oxygen transport analysis in the avascular wall of a coronary artery stenosis during angioplasty SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA); stenosis; oxygen transport; arterial wall; oxygen consumption ID VIVO AB The coupled oxygen transport in the avascular wall of a coronary artery stenosis is studied numerically by solving the convection-diffusion equations. Two geometries replicating stenosis before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are used for the analysis. The results are compared to evaluate the effect of the degree of stenosis on oxygen transport. Important physiological aspects, such as oxygen consumption in the wall, oxygen carried by the hemoglobin, non-Newtonian viscosity of the blood, and supply of oxygen from the vasa vasorum are included. The results show that the PO2 in the medial region of the arterial wall is similar to 10 mmHg. The oxygen flux to the wall increases in the flow acceleration region, whereas it decreases at the flow reattachment zone. Near the location of flow separation, there is a small rise followed by a sharp fall in the oxygen flux. The drop in the oxygen flux to the wall at the point of flow reattachment for pre-PTCA stenosis is four times that for post-PTCA stenosis. The minimum PO2 in the avascular wall, PO2,(min), at this location decreases to similar to 6.0 and 4.2 mmHg for post- and pre-PTCA stenosis, respectively. The drop in PO2,(w) and PO2,(min) at the point of flow reattachment for pre-PTCA is similar to 2 times that for post-PTCA stenosis. Thus, the present study quantifies the oxygen transport to the arterial wall before and after cardiovascular intervention. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Banerjee, Rupak K.; Kwon, Ohwon; Vaidya, Vinayak S.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Banerjee, Rupak K.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biomed Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Back, Lloyd H.] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Banerjee, RK (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Ind & Nucl Engn, 688 Rhodes Hall,PO Box 210072, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Rupak.Banerjee@UC.Edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 2 BP 475 EP 479 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.09.011 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 263LY UT WOS:000253219800030 PM 18022178 ER PT J AU Schubert, SD Chang, Y Suarez, MJ Pegion, PJ AF Schubert, Siegfried D. Chang, Yehui Suarez, Max J. Pegion, Philip J. TI ENSO and wintertime extreme precipitation events over the contiguous united states SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL JET; TEMPERATURE FREQUENCIES; MOISTURE TRANSPORT; CALIFORNIA; RAINFALL; CLIMATE; PREDICTABILITY AB In this study the authors examine the impact of El NiNo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on precipitation events over the continental United States using 49 winters (1949/50-1997/98) of daily precipitation observations and NCEP-NCAR reanalyses. The results are compared with those from an ensemble of nine atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations forced with observed SST for the same time period. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of the daily precipitation fields together with compositing techniques are used to identify and characterize the weather systems that dominate the winter precipitation variability. The time series of the principal components (PCs) associated with the leading EOFs are analyzed using generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions to quantify the impact of ENSO on the intensity of extreme precipitation events. The six leading EOFs of the observations are associated with major winter storm systems and account for more than 50% of the daily precipitation variability along the West Coast and over much of the eastern part of the country. Two of the leading EOFs (designated GC for Gulf Coast and EC for East Coast) together represent cyclones that develop in the Gulf of Mexico and occasionally move and/or redevelop along the East Coast producing large amounts of precipitation over much of the southern and eastern United States. Three of the leading EOFs represent storms that hit different sections of the West Coast (designated SW for Southwest coast, WC for the central West Coast, and NW for northwest coast), while another represents storms that affect the Midwest (designated by MW). The winter maxima of several of the leading PCs are significantly impacted by ENSO such that extreme GC, EC, and SW storms that occur on average only once every 20 years (20-yr storms) would occur on average in half that time under sustained El Nino conditions. In contrast, under La Nina conditions, 20-yr GC and EC storms would occur on average about once in 30 years, while there is little impact of La Nina on the intensity of the SW storms. The leading EOFs from the model simulations and their connections to ENSO are for the most part quite realistic. The model, in particular, does very well in simulating the impact of ENSO on the intensity of EC and GC storms. The main model discrepancies are the lack of SW storms and an overall underestimate of the daily precipitation variance. C1 [Schubert, Siegfried D.; Chang, Yehui; Suarez, Max J.; Pegion, Philip J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sun Explorat Div, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chang, Yehui] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Pegion, Philip J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Schubert, SD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sun Explorat Div, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM siegfried.d.schubert@nasa.gov NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 21 IS 1 BP 22 EP 39 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1705.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 248XN UT WOS:000252190600002 ER PT J AU Li, F Austin, J Wilson, J AF Li, Feng Austin, John Wilson, John TI The strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation in a changing climate: Coupled chemistry-climate model simulations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE; STRATOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; TROPOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; DEPLETION; EXCHANGE AB The strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) in a changing climate is studied using multidecadal simulations covering the 1960-2100 period with a coupled chemistry-climate model, to examine the seasonality of the change of the BDC. The model simulates an intensification of the BDC in both the past (1960-2004) and future (2005-2100) climate, but the seasonal cycle is different. In the past climate simulation, nearly half of the tropical upward mass flux increase occurs in December-February, whereas in the future climate simulation the enhancement of the BDC is uniformly distributed in each of the four seasons. A downward control analysis implies that this different seasonality is caused mainly by the behavior of the Southern Hemisphere planetary wave forcing, which exhibits a very different long-term trend during solstice seasons in the past and future. The Southern Hemisphere summer planetary wave activity is investigated in detail, and its evolution is found to be closely related to ozone depletion and recovery. In the model results for the past, about 60% of the lower-stratospheric mass flux increase is caused by ozone depletion, but because of model ozone trend biases, the atmospheric effect was likely smaller than this. The remaining fraction of the mass flux increase is attributed primarily to greenhouse gas increase. The downward control analysis also reveals that orographic gravity waves contribute significantly to the increase of downward mass flux in the Northern Hemisphere winter lower stratosphere. C1 [Li, Feng] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Austin, John; Wilson, John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Li, F (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM fengli@welkin.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Li, Feng/H-2241-2012 NR 26 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 21 IS 1 BP 40 EP 57 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1663.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 248XN UT WOS:000252190600003 ER PT J AU Hogue, MD Calle, CI Weitzman, PS Curry, DR AF Hogue, Michael D. Calle, Carlos I. Weitzman, Peter S. Curry, David R. TI Calculating the trajectories of triboelectrically charged particles using Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROSTATICS LA English DT Article DE triboelectric; particles; Discrete Element Modeling; EDEM; screened electrostatic force; simulation AB Theoretical and experimental work has been performed pursuant to incorporating electrostatic forces into a commercial Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) software package. This DEM software is used to model the trajectories of large numbers of particles for industrial applications and processes. Electrostatic forces due to the triboelectrification of the particles will be included in the model in addition to existing kinematic forces enhancing the fidelity of the calculation. In this paper, we will present an overview of the theoretical calculations and experimental data and their comparison to the results of the DEM simulations. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hogue, Michael D.; Calle, Carlos I.] NASA, Electrostat & Surface Phys Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Weitzman, Peter S.; Curry, David R.] DEM Solut USA Inc, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. RP Hogue, MD (reprint author), NASA, Electrostat & Surface Phys Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, Mail Code KT-B-1, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM Michael.D.Hogue@nasa.gov; pweitzman@dem-solutions.com NR 8 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3886 J9 J ELECTROSTAT JI J. Electrost. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.elstat.2007.08.007 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 258ZU UT WOS:000252909700005 ER PT J AU Litt, JS AF Litt, Jonathan S. TI An optimal orthogonal decomposition method for Kalman filter-based turbofan engine thrust estimation SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID PERFORMANCE; ALGORITHM; SYSTEM AB A new linear point design technique is presented for the determination of tuning parameters that enable the optimal estimation of unmeasured engine outputs, such as thrust. The engine's performance is affected by its level of degradation, generally described in terms of unmeasurable health parameters related to each major engine component. Accurate thrust reconstruction depends on knowledge of these health parameters, but there are usually too few sensors to be able to estimate their values. In this new technique, a set of tuning parameters is determined that accounts for degradation by representing the overall effect of the larger set of health parameters as closely as possible in a least-squares sense. The technique takes advantage of the properties of the singular value decomposition of a matrix to generate a tuning parameter vector of low enough dimension that it can be estimated by a Kalman filter A concise design procedure to generate a tuning vector that specifically takes into account the variables of interest is presented. An example demonstrates the tuning parameters' ability to facilitate matching of both measured and unmeasured engine outputs, as well as state variables. Additional properties of the formulation are shown to lend themselves well to diagnostics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Litt, JS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, 2100 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2008 VL 130 IS 1 DI 10.1115/1.2747254 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 267BU UT WOS:000253484200015 ER PT J AU Price, SF Conway, H Waddington, ED Bindschadler, RA AF Price, Stephen F. Conway, Howard Waddington, Edwin D. Bindschadler, Robert A. TI Model investigations of inland migration of fast-flowing outlet glaciers and ice streams SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST ANTARCTICA; VELOCITY; BALANCE AB Recent observations of increased discharge through fast-flowing outlet glaciers and ice streams motivate questions concerning the inland migration of regions of fast flow, which could increase drawdown of the ice-sheet interior. To investigate one process that could lead to inland migration we conduct experiments with a two-dimensional, full-stress, transient ice-flow model. An initial steady state is perturbed by initiating a jump in sliding speed over a fraction of the model domain. As a result, longitudinal-stress gradients increase frictional melting upstream from the slow-to-fast sliding transition, and a positive feedback between longitudinal-stress gradients, basal meltwater production and basal sliding causes the sliding transition to migrate upstream over time. The distance and speed of migration depend on the magnitude of the perturbation and on the degree of non-linearity assumed in the link between basal stress and basal sliding: larger perturbations and/or higher degrees of non-linearity lead to farther and faster upstream migration. Migration of the sliding transition causes the ice sheet to thin over time and this change in geometry limits the effects of the positive feedback, ultimately serving to impede continued upstream migration. C1 [Bindschadler, Robert A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Oceans & Ice Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Price, Stephen F.; Conway, Howard; Waddington, Edwin D.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Price, SF (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Bristol Glaciol Ctr, Sch Geograph Sci, Univ Rd, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. EM S.F.Price@bristol.ac.uk RI Price, Stephen /E-1568-2013 OI Price, Stephen /0000-0001-6878-2553 NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 184 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.3189/002214308784409143 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 282CS UT WOS:000254545800005 ER PT J AU Hall, DK Williams, RS Luthcke, SB Digirolamo, NE AF Hall, Dorothy K. Williams, Richard S., Jr. Luthcke, Scott B. Digirolamo, Nicolo E. TI Greenland ice sheet surface temperature, melt and mass loss: 2000-06 SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; MIDTROPOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; WEST GREENLAND; CLEAR-SKY; BALANCE; SATELLITE; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; MODIS; ACCELERATION AB A daily time series of 'clear-sky' surface temperature has been compiled of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) using 1 km resolution moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) land-surface temperature (LST) maps from 2000 to 2006. We also used mass-concentration data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to study mass change in relationship to surface melt from 2003 to 2006. The mean LST of the GIS increased during the study period by similar to 0.27 degrees C a(-1). The increase was especially notable in the northern half of the ice sheet during the winter months. Melt-season length and timing were also studied in each of the six major drainage basins. Rapid (<15 days) and sustained mass loss below 2000 m elevation was triggered in 2004 and 2005 as recorded by GRACE when surface melt begins. Initiation of large-scale surface melt was followed rapidly by mass loss. This indicates that surface meltwater is flowing rapidly to the base of the ice sheet, causing acceleration of outlet glaciers, thus highlighting the metastability of parts of the GIS and the vulnerability of the ice sheet to air-temperature increases. If air temperatures continue to rise over Greenland, increased surface melt will play a large role in ice-sheet mass loss. C1 [Hall, Dorothy K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Williams, Richard S., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Luthcke, Scott B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Digirolamo, Nicolo E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Hall, DK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM dorothy.k.hall@nasa.gov RI Hall, Dorothy/D-5562-2012; Luthcke, Scott/D-6283-2012 NR 64 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 12 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 184 BP 81 EP 93 DI 10.3189/002214308784409170 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 282CS UT WOS:000254545800008 ER PT J AU Csatho, B Schenk, T Van Der Veen, CJ Krabill, WB AF Csatho, Bea Schenk, Toni Van Der Veen, C. J. Krabill, William B. TI Intermittent thinning of Jakobshavn Isbrae, West Greenland, since the Little Ice Age SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE MELT; SHEET; GLACIER; ACCELERATION; VELOCITIES; DYNAMICS; MARGIN; AREA AB Rapid thinning and velocity increase on major Greenland outlet glaciers during the last two decades may indicate that these glaciers became unstable as a consequence of the Jakobshavn effect (Hughes, 1986), with terminus retreat leading to increased discharge from the interior and consequent further thinning and retreat. To assess whether recent trends deviate from longer-term behavior, we measured glacier surface elevations and terminus positions for Jakobshavn Isbrae, West Greenland, using historical photographs acquired in 1944, 1953, 1959, 1964 and 1985. These results were combined with data from historical records, aerial photographs, ground surveys, airborne laser altimetry and field mapping of lateral moraines and trimlines, to reconstruct the history of changes since the Little Ice Age (LIA). We identified three periods of rapid thinning since the LIA: 1902-13, 1930-59 and 1999-present. During the first half of the 20th century, the calving front appears to have been grounded and it started to float during the late 1940s. The south and north tributaries exhibit different behavior. For example, the north tributary was thinning between 1959 and 1985 during a period when the calving front was stationary and the south tributary was in balance. The record of intermittent thinning, combined with changes in ice-marginal extent and position of the calving front, together with changes in velocity, imply that the behavior of the lower parts of this glacier represents a complex ice-dynamical response to local climate forcings and interactions with drainage from the interior. C1 [Csatho, Bea] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Schenk, Toni] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Van Der Veen, C. J.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Van Der Veen, C. J.] Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Krabill, William B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Cryospher Sci Branch, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Csatho, B (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, 855 Nat Sci Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM bcsatho@buffalo.edu NR 48 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 14 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 184 BP 131 EP 144 DI 10.3189/002214308784409035 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 282CS UT WOS:000254545800013 ER PT J AU Thomas, R Davis, C Frederick, E Krabill, W Li, YH Manizade, S Martin, C AF Thomas, Robert Davis, Curt Frederick, Earl Krabill, William Li, Yonghong Manizade, Serdar Martin, Chreston TI A comparison of Greenland ice-sheet volume changes derived from altimetry measurements SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE RADAR; MASS-BALANCE; ANTARCTICA; ACCURACY AB We compare rates of surface-elevation change on the Greenland ice sheet derived from European Remote-sensing Satellite-2 (ERS-2) radar-altimeter data with those obtained from laser-altimeter data collected over nearly the same time periods. Radar-altimeter data show more rapid thickening (9 +/- 1 cm a(-1) above 1500 m elevation in the north, and 3 +/- 1 cm a(-1) above 2000 m in the south) than the laser estimates, possibly caused by a lifting of the radar-reflection horizon associated with changes in the snowpack, such as those caused by progressively increased surface melting, as summer temperatures rise. Over all the ice sheet above 2000m, this results in an ERS-derived volume balance similar to 75 15 km(3) a(-1) more positive than that from laser data. This bias between laser and radar estimates of elevation change varies spatially and temporally, so cannot at present be corrected without independent surveys such as those presented here. At lower elevations, comparison of detailed repeat laser surveys over jakobshavn Isbrae with ERS results over the same time interval shows substantial ERS underestimation of ice-thinning rates. This results partly from missing data because of 'bad' radar waveforms over the very rough surface topography, and partly from the tendency for large radar footprints to sample preferentially local high points in the topography, thus missing regions of most rapid thinning along glacier depressions. C1 [Thomas, Robert; Frederick, Earl; Krabill, William; Manizade, Serdar; Martin, Chreston] NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Davis, Curt; Li, Yonghong] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Thomas, R (reprint author), NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Code 972,Bldg N-159, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. EM Robert.H.Thomas@nasa.gov NR 27 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 185 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.3189/002214308784886225 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 316KW UT WOS:000256949400001 ER PT J AU Zwally, HJ Gloersen, P AF Zwally, H. Jay Gloersen, Per TI Arctic sea ice surviving the summer melt: interannual variability and decreasing trend SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE RECORD; REDUCTION; THICKNESS; COVER AB Sea ice surviving the summer melt season to become multi-year ice in the Arctic Ocean is of interest because multi-year ice significantly affects the ice-thickness distribution and the dynamics and thermodynamics of the ice pack in subsequent seasons. However, the amount of ice surviving summer melting has not been well determined because the time of the minimum ice area varies from region to region. A concept of local temporal minimum (LTM) accounts for non-simultaneity of the melt-freeze transition by determining the minima ice concentrations (C-LTM) on local spatial scales. C-LTM are calculated for 25 km gridcells using 24 years (1979-2002) of satellite passive-microwave data. The total area of ice surviving the summer melt (A(LTM)) is given by spatial integration of CLTM. Over 24 years, the average A(LTM) is 2.6 x 10(6) km(2) (excluding similar to 0.7 x 10(5) km(2) above 84 degrees N). In contrast, the average area (3.8 x 10(6) km(2)) of all ice types (A(SM)), measured when the total (simultaneous) ice cover is a minimum in daily maps in mid-September, is an often-used estimate of ice surviving the summer melting that is similar to 45 % too large. Over 24 years, the A(LTM) decreased by 9.5 +/- 2.2 % (10 a)(-1) (0.27 +/- 0.06 x 10(6) km(2) (10a)(-1)), which is similar to the rate of decline of A(SM) and about three times the rate of the annual average. The time-of-occurrence of the LTM averaged over the perennial ice pack increased by 8 days from around 11 to 19 August, indicating a later ending of the melt season by about 3days(10a)(-1) as the summer pack declines. Estimates of multi-year ice in midwinter from passive microwave observations are similar to 17% smaller than A(LTM) suggesting that the microwave algorithm does not measure all the multi-year ice. C1 [Zwally, H. Jay; Gloersen, Per] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zwally, HJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jay.zwally@nasa.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 185 BP 279 EP 296 DI 10.3189/002214308784886108 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 316KW UT WOS:000256949400009 ER PT J AU Motyka, R Lawson, D Finnegan, D Kalli, G Molnia, B Arendt, A AF Motyka, Roman Lawson, Daniel Finnegan, David Kalli, George Molnia, Bruce Arendt, Anthony TI Hubbard Glacier update: another closure of Russell Fiord in the making? SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Motyka, Roman] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lawson, Daniel; Finnegan, David] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Kalli, George] USA, Corps Engineers, Anchorage, AK 99506 USA. [Molnia, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Arendt, Anthony] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Motyka, R (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jfrjm@uas.alaska.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 186 BP 562 EP 564 DI 10.3189/002214308785837066 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 346ZK UT WOS:000259107900019 ER PT J AU Adalgeirsdottir, G Smith, AM Murray, T King, MA Makinson, K Nicholls, KW Behar, AE AF Adalgeirsdottir, G. Smith, A. M. Murray, T. King, M. A. Makinson, K. Nicholls, K. W. Behar, A. E. TI Tidal influence on Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica: observations of surface flow and basal processes from closely spaced GPS and passive seismic stations SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUNDING LINES; GLACIER; SHELF; BENEATH; DYNAMICS AB High-resolution surface velocity measurements and passive seismic observations from Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica, 40 km upstream from the grounding line are presented. These measurements indicate a complex relationship between the ocean tides and currents, basal conditions and ice-stream flow. Both the mean basal seismicity and the velocity of the ice stream are modulated by the tides. Seismic activity increases twice during each semi-diurnal tidal cycle. The tidal analysis shows the largest velocity variation is at the fortnightly period, with smaller variations superimposed at diurnal and semi-diurnal frequencies. The general pattern of the observed velocity is two velocity peaks during each semi-diurnal tidal cycle, but sometimes three peaks are observed. This pattern of two or three peaks is more regular during spring tides, when the largest-amplitude velocity variations are observed, than during neap tides. This is the first time that velocity and level of seismicity are shown to correlate and respond to tidal forcing as far as 40 km upstream from the grounding line of a large ice stream. C1 [Adalgeirsdottir, G.; Murray, T.] Univ Wales Swansea, Dept Geog, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Smith, A. M.; Makinson, K.; Nicholls, K. W.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Div Phys Sci, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [King, M. A.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Behar, A. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Robot Vehicles Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Adalgeirsdottir, G (reprint author), Univ Wales Swansea, Dept Geog, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. EM gua@dmi.dk RI Geophysical Equipment Facility, NERC/G-5260-2010; Makinson, Keith/A-2495-2013; King, Matt/B-4622-2008; Adalgeirsdottir, Gudfinna/M-3073-2015 OI Makinson, Keith/0000-0002-5791-1767; King, Matt/0000-0001-5611-9498; Adalgeirsdottir, Gudfinna/0000-0002-3442-2733 FU UK National Environmental Research Council (NERC); Antarctic Funding Initiative (AFI) [GRYG005]; British Antarctic Survey (BAS); NASA; BAS; Leverhulme Trust Fellowship; M.A.K; NERC postdoctoral research fellowship FX This project was funded by the UK National Environmental Research Council (NERC) Antarctic Funding Initiative (AFI) (GRYG005), the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and NASA. Field support was provided by BAS. Equipment was Supplied by NERC Geophysical Equipment Facility (loans 510 and 7 7). T.M. was supported by a Leverhulme Trust Fellowship and M.A.K. by a NERC postdoctoral research fellowship. We thank S. Abrahmas, A. Cottle, G. Kirk, J. Ralph, A. Taylor and J. Withers for hell) with data acquisition. We acknowledge the use of the software packages Track (GAMIT) and T-Tide for GPS data processing and harmonic analysis, respectively, and G. Weedon for discussions about time-series analysis. Thorough comments from three anonymous revievlers improved the quality of this paper considerably. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 187 BP 715 EP 724 DI 10.3189/002214308786570872 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 374XF UT WOS:000261076300015 ER PT J AU Luthcke, SB Arendt, AA Rowlands, DD McCarthy, JJ Larsen, CF AF Luthcke, Scott B. Arendt, Anthony A. Rowlands, David D. McCarthy, John J. Larsen, Christopher F. TI Recent glacier mass changes in the Gulf of Alaska region from GRACE mascon solutions SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; GRAVITATIONAL-FIELD; GRAVITY; SURFACE; SYSTEM; GREENLAND; ANOMALIES; WASTAGE; MODEL; EARTH AB The mass changes of the Gulf of Alaska (GoA) glaciers are computed from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) inter-satellite range-rate data for the period April 2003-September 2007. Through the application of unique processing techniques and a surface mass concentration (mascon) parameterization, the mass variations in the GoA glacier regions have been estimated at high temporal (10 day) and spatial (2 x 2 arc-degrees) resolution. The mascon solutions are directly estimated from a reduction of the GRACE K-band inter-satellite range-rate data and, unlike previous GRACE solutions for the GoA glaciers, do not exhibit contamination by leakage from mass change occurring outside the region of interest. The mascon solutions reveal considerable temporal and spatial variation within the GoA glacier region, with the largest negative mass balances observed in the St Elias Mountains including the Yakutat and Glacier Bay regions. The most rapid losses occurred during the 2004 melt season due to record temperatures in Alaska during that year. The total mass balance of the GoA glacier region was -84 +/- 5 Gt a(-1) contributing 0.23 +/- 0.01 mm a(-1) to global sea-level rise from April 2003 through March 2007. Highlighting the large seasonal and interannual variability of the GoA glaciers, the rate determined over the period April 2003-March 2006 is -102 +/- 5 Gt a(-1), which includes the anomalously high temperatures of 2004 and does not include the large 2007 winter balance-year snowfall. The mascon solutions agree well with regional patterns of glacier mass loss determined from aircraft altimetry and in situ measurements. C1 [Luthcke, Scott B.; Rowlands, David D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Arendt, Anthony A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McCarthy, John J.] SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Larsen, Christopher F.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Luthcke, SB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Code 698, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Scott.B.Luthcke@nasa.gov RI Rowlands, David/D-2751-2012; Luthcke, Scott/D-6283-2012 NR 46 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 22 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 188 BP 767 EP 777 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 416WS UT WOS:000264036800001 ER PT J AU Arendt, AA Luthcke, SB Larsen, CF Abdalati, W Krabill, WB Beedle, MJ AF Arendt, Anthony A. Luthcke, Scott B. Larsen, Christopher F. Abdalati, Waleed Krabill, William B. Beedle, Matthew J. TI Validation of high-resolution GRACE mascon estimates of glacier mass changes in the St Elias Mountains, Alaska, USA, using aircraft laser altimetry SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; SEA-LEVEL RISE; FIRN DENSIFICATION; ELEVATION CHANGES; MCCALL GLACIER; VOLUME CHANGE; BALANCE; SYSTEM; ACCURACY; AMERICA AB We acquired center-line surface elevations from glaciers in the St Elias Mountains of Alaska/northwestern Canada using aircraft laser altimetry during 2000-05, and compared these with repeat measurements acquired in 2007. The resulting elevation changes were used to estimate the mass balance of 32 900 km(2) of glaciers in the St Elias Mountains during September 2003 to August 2007, yielding a value of -21.2 +/- 3.8 Gt a(-1), equivalent to an area-averaged mass balance of -0.64 +/- 0.12 m a(-1) water equivalent (w.e.). High-resolution (2 arc-degrees spatial and 10 day temporal) Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mass-balance estimates during this time period were scaled to glaciers of the St Elias Mountains, yielding a value of -20.6 +/- 3.0 Gt a(-1), or an area-averaged mass balance of -0.63 +/- 0.09 m a(-1) w.e. The difference in balance estimates (altimetry minus GRACE) was -0.6 +/- 4.8 Gt a(-1), well within the estimated errors. Differences likely resulted from uncertainties in subgrid sampling of the GRACE mass concentration (mascon) solutions, and from errors in assigning 4 an appropriate near-surface density in the altimetry estimates. The good correspondence between GRACE and aircraft altimetry data suggests that high-resolution GRACE mascon solutions can be used to accurately assess mass-balance trends of mountain glacier regions that are undergoing large changes. C1 [Arendt, Anthony A.; Larsen, Christopher F.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Luthcke, Scott B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Geodesy Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Abdalati, Waleed] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Krabill, William B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Beedle, Matthew J.] Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. RP Arendt, AA (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM Anthony.A.Arendt@gi.alaska.edu RI Luthcke, Scott/D-6283-2012 NR 45 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 188 BP 778 EP 787 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 416WS UT WOS:000264036800002 ER PT J AU Muskett, RR Lingle, CS Sauber, JM Post, AS Tangborn, WV Rabus, BT AF Muskett, Reginald R. Lingle, Craig S. Sauber, Jeanne M. Post, Austin S. Tangborn, Wendell V. Rabus, Bernard T. TI Surging, accelerating surface lowering and volume reduction of the Malaspina Glacier system, Alaska, USA, and Yukon, Canada, from 1972 to 2006 SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; RADAR TOPOGRAPHY MISSION; SRTM-C-BAND; SHUTTLE RADAR; WATER STORAGE; MASS-BALANCE; CLIMATE; ALTIMETRY; SURGES AB Near-concurrent surges and multi-decadal surface-elevation changes on the Malaspina Glacier system Alaska, USA, and Yukon, Canada, were investigated using digital elevation models and laser altimetry from airborne and space-borne sensors. Surface-elevation changes on Seward Lobe in two time periods support a hypothesis of moraine folding by a mechanism of sequential surges alternating from southeast to south-southwest. The near-concurrent surges of Agassiz, Lower Seward and Marvine glaciers support a hypothesis of englacial water storage being a critical factor of surging. Acceleration of area-average surface lowering on the piedmont glaciers occurred, from 1.5 +/- 0.1 m a(-1) between 1972 and 1999 to 2.3 +/- 0.3 m a(-1) between 1999 and 2002. On the western half of Upper Seward Glacier, above 1600 m, acceleration of surface lowering occurred from 2000 to 2003 relative to that from 1976 to 2000, indicating an effect from the surge of Lower Seward Glacier. From 2003 to 2006, the rate of surface lowering on Upper Seward Glacier has moderated back to the pre-2000 rate, indicating a recovery of surface elevation following the surge. From 1972 to 2002, the Malaspina Glacier system lost 156 +/- 19 km(3) (ice equivalent) on an area of 3661 km(2). C1 [Muskett, Reginald R.; Lingle, Craig S.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Muskett, Reginald R.] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Sauber, Jeanne M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tangborn, Wendell V.] HyMet Inc, Vashon, WA 98070 USA. [Rabus, Bernard T.] MacDonald Dettwiler, Richmond, BC V6V 2J3, Canada. RP Muskett, RR (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM reginald.muskett@gmail.com RI Sauber, Jeanne/D-7684-2012 NR 47 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 188 BP 788 EP 800 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 416WS UT WOS:000264036800003 ER PT J AU Huss, M Stockil, R Kappenberger, G Blatter, H AF Huss, Matthias Stoeckil, Reto Kappenberger, Giovanni Blatter, Heinz TI Temporal and spatial changes of Laika Glacier, Canadian Arctic, since 1959, inferred from satellite remote sensing and mass-balance modelling SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; DEVON ICE CAP; NUNAVUT; ISLAND; INDEX; ACCUMULATION; SENSITIVITY; REANALYSIS; MOUNTAIN; SVALBARD AB The retreat of Laika Glacier (4.4 km(2)), part of a small ice cap situated on Coburg Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, is analyzed using field data, satellite remote sensing and mass-balance modelling. We present a methodology for merging various data types and numerical models and investigate the temporal and spatial changes of a remote glacier during the past five decades. A glacier mass-balance and surface-evolution model is run for the period 1959-2006, forced with in situ weather observations and climate re-analysis data (ERA-40, NARR). The model is calibrated using the ice-volume change observed between 1959 and 1971, and measured seasonal mass balances. Calculated glacier surface elevation is validated against ICESat GLAS altimeter data and ASTER-derived elevation. Landsat-derived glacier outlines are used to validate calculated ice extent. The piedmont tongue of Laika Glacier has retreated considerably and is in a state of disintegration. The modelled glacier mass balance between 1959 and 2006 was 0.41 m w.e. a(-1), on average. Model results indicate a significant trend towards higher mass-balance gradients. A complete wastage of Laika Glacier by 2100 is predicted by model runs based on climate scenarios. C1 [Huss, Matthias] ETH, Hydraul Hydrol & Glaciol Lab, VAW, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Stoeckil, Reto] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Observ, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kappenberger, Giovanni] MeteoSwiss, Climate Serv, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland. [Kappenberger, Giovanni] MeteoSwiss, CH-6605 Lacarno Monti, Switzerland. [Blatter, Heinz] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Huss, M (reprint author), ETH, Hydraul Hydrol & Glaciol Lab, VAW, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM huss@vaw.baug.ethz.ch RI Huss, Matthias/A-3829-2010; Huss, Matthias/B-1057-2008 NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 188 BP 857 EP 866 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 416WS UT WOS:000264036800010 ER PT J AU Meador, MAB Vivod, SL McCorkle, L Quade, D Sullivan, RM Ghosn, LJ Clark, N Capadona, LA AF Meador, Mary Ann B. Vivod, Stephanie L. McCorkle, Linda Quade, Derek Sullivan, Roy M. Ghosn, Louis J. Clark, Nicholas Capadona, Lynn A. TI Reinforcing polymer cross-linked aerogels with carbon nanofibers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED SILICA AEROGELS; COMPOSITES AB We have previously reported cross-linking the mesoporous silica structure of aerogels with di-isocyanates, styrenes or epoxies reacted with amine decorated silica surfaces. These approaches have been shown to significantly increase the strength of aerogels with only a small effect on density or porosity. Herein, we examine the effect of including up to 5% ( w/w) carbon nanofibers in the silica backbone before cross-linking. The addition of 5% carbon nanofibers to the lowest density aerogels studied triples the compressive modulus and the tensile stress at break is increased five-fold with no density penalty. The carbon fiber also improves the strength of the initial hydrogels before cross-linking, which may have implications in manufacturing. C1 [Meador, Mary Ann B.; Vivod, Stephanie L.; Quade, Derek; Sullivan, Roy M.; Clark, Nicholas; Capadona, Lynn A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [McCorkle, Linda; Ghosn, Louis J.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. RP Meador, MAB (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21 000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM maryann.meador@nasa.gov OI Meador, Mary Ann/0000-0003-2513-7372 NR 19 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 13 U2 57 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 16 BP 1843 EP 1852 DI 10.1039/b800602d PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 285LO UT WOS:000254778500003 ER PT J AU Singh, M Shpargel, TP Asthana, R AF Singh, Mrityunjay Shpargel, Tarah P. Asthana, Rajiv TI Brazing of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) to stainless steel using Cu, Ag, and Ti-based brazes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERFACIAL REACTIONS; SURFACE-TENSION; METAL SYSTEMS; WETTABILITY; NITRIDE AB Copper and silver-base active metal brazes containing Ti (Cu-ABA, Ticusil, and Ticuni) were tested for oxidation resistance to 750-850 degrees C, and for their effectiveness in joining yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) to a corrosion-resistant ferritic stainless steel. The braze oxidation behavior was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Ticusil and Ticuni at 750 degrees C exhibited sluggish oxidation kinetics whereas Copper-ABA at 850 degrees C displayed the fastest kinetics and relatively large weight gain. The SEM and EDS examination of the steel/braze and YSZ/braze interfaces showed the dissolution of Y and Zr from YSZ in braze, diffusion of Ag in the YSZ, and formation of a thin Ti-rich interphase between YSZ and Ti-base brazes. These compositional changes and interface reconstruction yielded metallurgically sound joints. The Knoop microhardness profiles showed a rather abrupt discontinuity across the YSZ/braze interfaces and a more uniform distribution across the steel/braze interface. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, ASRC Aerosp Corp, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Univ Wisconsin Stout, Engn & Technol Dept, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. RP Singh, M (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM msingh@grc.nasa.gov NR 22 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s10853-007-1985-z PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 237KB UT WOS:000251371500004 ER PT J AU Park, JM Taylor, RP Evans, AT Brosten, TR Nellis, GF Klein, SA Feller, JR Salerno, L Gianchandani, YB AF Park, Jong M. Taylor, Ryan P. Evans, Allan T. Brosten, Tyler R. Nellis, Gregory F. Klein, Sanford A. Feller, Jeffrey R. Salerno, Louis Gianchandani, Yogesh B. TI A piezoelectric microvalve for cryogenic applications SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MEMS MICROVALVE; FLOW-CONTROL; SILICON-WAFER; SYSTEMS AB This paper reports on a normally open piezoelectrically actuated microvalve for high flow modulation at cryogenic temperatures. One application envisioned is to control the flow of a cryogen for distributed cooling with a high degree of temperature stability and a small thermal gradient. The valve consists of a micromachined die fabricated from a silicon-on-insulator wafer, a glass wafer, a commercially available piezoelectric stack actuator and Macor (TM) ceramic encapsulation that has overall dimensions of 1 x 1 x 1 cm(3). A perimeter augmentation scheme for the valve seat has been implemented to provide high flow modulation. In tests performed at room temperature the flow was modulated from 980 mL min(-1) with the valve fully open (0V), to 0 mL min(-1) with a 60 V actuation voltage, at an inlet gauge pressure of 55 kPa. This range is orders of magnitude higher flow than the modulation capability of similarly sized piezoelectric microvalves. At the cryogenic temperature of 80 K, the valve successfully modulated gas flow from 350 mL min(-1) down to 20 mL min(-1) with an inlet pressure of 104 kPa higher than the atmosphere. The operation of this valve has been validated at elevated temperatures as well, up to 380 K. The valve has a response time of less than 1 ms and has operational bandwidth up to 820 kHz. C1 [Park, Jong M.; Evans, Allan T.; Gianchandani, Yogesh B.] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Taylor, Ryan P.; Brosten, Tyler R.; Nellis, Gregory F.; Klein, Sanford A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Feller, Jeffrey R.; Salerno, Louis] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Park, JM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 1301 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM parkjong@umich.edu NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 AR 015023 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/18/1/015023 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 259UH UT WOS:000252965900025 ER PT J AU Bigioni, TP Cruden, BA AF Bigioni, Terry P. Cruden, Brett A. TI Atomic force and optical microscopy characterization of the deformation of individual carbon nanotubes and nanofibers SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; YOUNGS MODULUS; MANIPULATION; STRENGTH; ARRAYS; FABRICATION; MECHANICS; TIPS; TEM AB A popular technique for characterizing the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes is to apply a one-dimension axial compression and measure its response to the compressive force. At some critical compression, a dramatic decrease in the force is observed. This has previously been attributed to Euler buckling, allowing the elastic modulus to be calculated from the Euler buckling force. We have attached individual plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition ( PECVD) grown carbon nanofibers ( CNFs) and thermal chemical vapor deposition ( CVD) grown carbon nanotubes ( CNTs) to the apex of an atomic force microscope ( AFM) cantilever to examine this mechanical response. By combining the force measurements and simultaneous video microscopy, we are able to observe the mechanical deformation and correlate points in the force curve with phenomena such as slipping and bending. Analysis of the mechanical response must therefore be interpreted in terms of bending and/or slipping of a tube compressed by an off-normal force. Copyright (C) 2008 T. P. Bigioni. C1 [Bigioni, Terry P.; Cruden, Brett A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Univ Affiliated Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bigioni, Terry P.] Univ Toledo, Dept Chem, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Cruden, BA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Univ Affiliated Res Ctr, Moffett Field, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM brett.a.cruden@nasa.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2008 AR 352109 DI 10.1155/2008/352109 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 299TO UT WOS:000255778100001 ER PT J AU Putcha, L AF Putcha, Lakshmi TI Pharmacotherapeutics in space medicine SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 81st Annual Meeting of the Japanese-Pharmacological-Society CY MAR 17-19, 2008 CL Yokohama, JAPAN SP Japanese Pharmacol Soc C1 [Putcha, Lakshmi] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JAPANESE PHARMACOLOGICAL SOC PI KYOTO PA EDITORIAL OFF, KANTOHYA BLDG GOKOMACHI-EBISUGAWA NAKAGYO-KU, KYOTO, 604, JAPAN SN 1347-8613 J9 J PHARMACOL SCI JI J. Pharmacol. Sci. PY 2008 VL 106 SU 1 BP 42P EP 42P PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 278ED UT WOS:000254265900137 ER PT J AU Hochstein, JI Marchetta, JG Thornton, RJ AF Hochstein, J. I. Marchetta, J. G. Thornton, R. J. TI Microgravity geyser and flowfield prediction SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB Modeling and prediction of flowfields and geyser formation in microgravity cryogenic propellant tanks were investigated. A computational simulation was used to reproduce the test matrix of experimental results performed by other investigators, as well as to model the flows in a larger tank. An underprediction of geyser height by the modelled to a sensitivity study to determine if variations in surface tension coefficient, contact angle, or jet pipe turbulence significantly influence the simulations. It was determined that computational geyser height is not sensitive to slight variations in any of these items. An existing empirical correlation based on dimensionless parameters was reexamined in an effort to improve the accuracy of geyser prediction. This resulted in the proposal for a reformulation of two dimensionless parameters used in the correlation: the nondimensional geyser height and the Bond number. It was concluded that the new nondimensional geyser height shows little promise. Although further data will be required to make a definite judgment, the reformulation of the Bond number provided correlations that are more accurate and appear to be more general than the previously established correlation. C1 [Hochstein, J. I.; Marchetta, J. G.] Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Thornton, R. J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Hochstein, JI (reprint author), Univ Memphis, 312 Engn Sci Bldg, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 104 EP 110 DI 10.2514/1.26235 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 255AX UT WOS:000252630200011 ER PT J AU Apetre, NA Sankar, BV Ambur, DR AF Apetre, N. A. Sankar, B. V. Ambur, D. R. TI Analytical modeling of sandwich beams with functionally graded core SO JOURNAL OF SANDWICH STRUCTURES & MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE functionally graded cores; functionally graded materials; sandwich panels ID TRANSVERSELY FLEXIBLE CORE; HIGHER-ORDER THEORY; PLATES AB This study investigates several available sandwich beam theories for their suitability of application to one-dimensional sandwich plates with functionally graded core. Two equivalent single-layer theories based on assumed displacements, a higher-order theory, and the Fourier-Galerkin method are compared. The results are also compared with the finite element analysis. The core of the sandwich panel is functionally graded such that the density, and hence its stiffness, vary through the thickness. The variation of core Young's modulus is represented by a differentiable function in the thickness coordinate, but the Poisson's ratio is kept constant. A very good agreement is found among the Fourier-Galerkin method, the higher-order theory, and the finite element analysis. C1 [Apetre, N. A.; Sankar, B. V.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ambur, D. R.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Sankar, BV (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM sankar@ufl.edu OI Sankar, Bhavani/0000-0002-4556-1982 NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1099-6362 J9 J SANDW STRUCT MATER JI J. Sandw. Struct. Mater. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 10 IS 1 BP 53 EP 74 DI 10.1177/1099636207081111 PG 22 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 261EN UT WOS:000253062000002 ER PT J AU Desai, PN Lyons, DT AF Desai, Prasun N. Lyons, Daniel T. TI Entry, descent, and landing operations analysis for the genesis entry capsule SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB On 8 September 2004, the Genesis spacecraft returned to Earth after spending 29 months about the sun-Earth libration point (L-1) collecting solar wind particles. Four hours before Earth arrival, the sample return capsule containing the samples was released for entry and subsequent landing at the Utah Test and Training Range. This paper provides an overview of the entry, descent, and landing trajectory analysis that was performed during the mission operations phase leading up to final approach to Earth. The final orbit determination solution produced an inertial entry flight-path angle of -8.002 deg (which was the desired nominal value) with a 3-sigma error of +/-0.0274 deg (one-third of the requirement). The operations effort accurately delivered the entry capsule to the desired landing site. The final landing location was 8.3 km from the target, and was well within the allowable landing area. Overall, the Earth approach operation procedures worked well, and there were no issues (logistically or performance based) that arose. As a result, the process of targeting a capsule from deep space and accurately landing it on Earth was successfully demonstrated. C1 [Desai, Prasun N.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Syst Engn Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Lyons, Daniel T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Inner Planet Dynam Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Desai, PN (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Syst Engn Directorate, 1 N Dryden St,Mail Stop 489, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM prasun.n.desai@nasa.gov; daniel.t.lyons@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.2514/1.30024 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 260NO UT WOS:000253017200003 ER PT J AU Desai, PN Qualls, GD Schoenenberger, M AF Desai, Prasun N. Qualls, Garry D. Schoenenberger, Mark TI Reconstruction of the genesis entry SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB An overview of the reconstruction analyses performed for the Genesis capsule entry is described. The results indicate that the actual entry before the drogue deployment failure was very close to the preentry predictions. The capsule landed 8.3 km south of the desired target at the Utah Test and Training Range. Analysis on infrared video footage (obtained from the tracking stations) during the descent estimated the onset of the capsule tumble at Mach 0.9. Frequency analysis on the infrared video data indicates that the aerodynamics generated for the Genesis capsule reasonably predicted the drag and static stability. Observations of the heatshield support the preentry simulation estimates of small hypersonic angles of attack, because there is very little, if any, charring of the shoulder region or the aftbody. Through this investigation, an overall assertion can be made that all the data gathered from the Genesis entry is consistent with flight performance that was close to the nominal preentry prediction. Consequently, the design principles and methodologies used for the flight dynamics, aerodynamics, and aerothermodynamics analyses have been corroborated. C1 [Desai, Prasun N.; Qualls, Garry D.; Schoenenberger, Mark] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Syst Engn Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Desai, PN (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Syst Engn Directorate, 1 N Dryden St,Mail Stop 489, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM prasun.n.desai@nasa.gov; garry.d.qualls@nasa.gov; mark.schoenenber-1@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.2514/1.30042 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 260NO UT WOS:000253017200004 ER PT J AU Frauenholz, RB Bhat, RS Chesley, SR Mastrodemos, N Owen, WM Ryne, MS AF Frauenholz, Raymond B. Bhat, Ramachandra S. Chesley, Steven R. Mastrodemos, Nickolaos Owen, William M., Jr. Ryne, Mark S. TI Deep impact navigation system performance SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 16th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID EARTH-BASED CAMPAIGN; MISSION DESIGN; COMET-9P/TEMPEL-1; COMETS AB Deep Impact successfully met its primary mission objective on 4 July 2005 when the smart impactor guided itself into the path of Comet 9P/Tempel 1. The mother flyby spacecraft then observed and recorded the breathtaking collision and subsequent plume development. Ground-based navigators. targeted the prerelease trajectory using optical navigation image planning and data analysis, trajectory correction maneuver design and evaluation, and orbit determination using both radiometric and optical data. In-flight improvements to the Tempel 1 ephemeris were also a critical part of the overall navigation design and operations success. The achieved navigation accuracy established a new standard for comet encounters, and this difficult task taught several important lessons. This definitive work provides a mission overview, summarizes the navigation requirements, compares the achieved navigation performance with a baseline design that reflects in-flight updates, and identifies operational procedures that may benefit future confet-bound navigators. C1 [Frauenholz, Raymond B.; Bhat, Ramachandra S.; Chesley, Steven R.; Mastrodemos, Nickolaos; Owen, William M., Jr.; Ryne, Mark S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Deep Impact Navitat Team Chief, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Frauenholz, RB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Deep Impact Navitat Team Chief, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 39 EP 56 DI 10.2514/1.24310 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 260NO UT WOS:000253017200005 ER PT J AU Hirsch, D Williams, J Beeson, H AF Hirsch, David Williams, Jim Beeson, Harold TI Pressure effects on oxygen concentration flammability thresholds of polymeric materials for aerospace applications SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE test methods; flammability; aerospace materials; combustion; microgravity AB Spacecraft materials selection is based on an upward flammability test conducted in a quiescent environment at the highest expected oxygen concentration. However, NASNs advanced space exploration program is anticipating using various habitable environments. Because limited data are available to support current program requirements, a different test logic is suggested to address the expanded atmospheric environments through the determination of materials self-extinguishment limits. This paper provides additional pressure effects data on oxygen concentration and partial pressure self-extinguishment limits under quiescent conditions. For the range of total pressures tested, the oxygen concentration and oxygen partial pressure flammability thresholds show a near linear dependence on total pressure, and appear to increase with increasing oxygen concentration (and oxygen partial pressure) thresholds. For the Constellation Program, the flammability threshold information will allow NASA to identify materials with increased flammability risk from oxygen concentration and total pressure changes, minimize potential impacts, and allow for development of sound requirements for new spacecraft and extraterrestrial landers and habitats. C1 [Hirsch, David; Williams, Jim; Beeson, Harold] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, White Sands Test Facil, Labs Off, Las Cruces, NM 88004 USA. RP Hirsch, D (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, White Sands Test Facil, Labs Off, Las Cruces, NM 88004 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 BP 69 EP 72 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 301JL UT WOS:000255892100008 ER PT J AU Chandrasekhara, MS Martin, PB Tung, C AF Chandrasekhara, M. S. Martin, P. B. Tung, C. TI Compressible dynamic stall performance of a variable droop leading edge airfoil with a Gurney flap SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 42nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2004 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Results of a study using a passive approach to recover the loss of lift that occurred when a variable droop leading edge (VDLE) airfoil was used to successfully control compressible dynamic stall by attaching a small Gurney flap to its trailing edge are reported. Gurney flaps of different heights were tested. The airfoil performance was evaluated by measuring the unsteady pressures while it executed a sinusoidal pitch-up maneuver over a range of Mach numbers from 0.2 to 0.4, at different reduced frequencies, with both static and dynamic leading edge droops. Not only was the "lost" lift recovered completely with a 1% chord-height Gurney flap, the drag and moment coefficients were also dramatically reduced and a lift-to-drag ratio greater than 10 was achieved, making it an acceptable choice for this purpose. The improved performance is explained through the basic fluid mechanics of the problem by discussing the various pressure distributions and the surface vorticity fluxes derived from these. C1 [Chandrasekhara, M. S.] USN, NASA, Naval Postgrad Sch,Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Joint Inst Aerosp Sci, Monterey, CA USA. [Martin, P. B.; Tung, C.] USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, RDECOM, NASA,Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Chandrasekhara, MS (reprint author), USN, NASA, Naval Postgrad Sch,Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Joint Inst Aerosp Sci, Monterey, CA USA. EM Muguru.S.Chandrasekhara@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 18 EP 25 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 254CZ UT WOS:000252565300002 ER PT J AU Tolson, RH Willcockson, WH Desai, PN Thomas, P AF Tolson, Robert H. Willcockson, William H. Desai, Prasun N. Thomas, Paige TI Anomalistic Disturbance Torques During the Entry Phase of the Mars Exploration Rover Missions-a Telemetry and Mars-Surface Investigation SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 04-08, 2006 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Rocky Mt Sect ID DESCENT AB Shortly after landing on Mars, post-flight analysis of the "Spirit" entry data suggested that the vehicle experienced large, anomalistic oscillations in angle-of-attack starting at about Mach number M = 6. Similar analysis for "Opportunity" found even larger oscillations starting immediately after maximum dynamic pressure at M = 14. Where angles-of-attack of 1-2 degrees were expected from maximum dynamic pressure to drogue deployment, the reconstructions suggested 4 to 9 degrees. The next Mars lander, 2007 Phoenix project, was concerned enough to recommend further exploration of the anomalies. Detailed analysis of Opportunity data found significant anomalies in the hypersonic aerodynamic torques. The analysis showed that these torques were essentially fixed in the spinning vehicle. Nearly a year after landing, the Opportunity rover took Pictures of its aeroshell on the surface, which showed that portions of the aeroshell thermal blanket assembly still remained. This blanket assembly was supposed to burn off very early in the entry. An analysis of the aeroshell photographs led to an estimate of the aerodynamic torques that the remnants Could have produced. A comparison of two estimates of the aerodynamic torque perturbations (one extracted from telemetry data and the other from Mars Surface photographs) showed exceptional agreement. Trajectory simulations Using a simple data derived torque perturbation model provided rigid body motions similar to that observed during the Opportunity entry. Therefore, the case of the anomalistic attitude behavior for the Opportunity EDL is now considered closed and a suggestion is put forth that a similar event Occurred for the Spirit entry as well. C1 [Tolson, Robert H.] N Carolina State Univ, Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Willcockson, William H.] Lockheed Martin Space Explorat Syst, Denver, CO 80201 USA. [Desai, Prasun N.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Atmospher Flight & Entry Syst Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Thomas, Paige] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Tolson, RH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Natl Inst Aerosp, 100 Explorat Way, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM rhtolson@ncsu.edu; william.h.willcockson@lmco.com; prasun.n.desai@nasa.gov; pdthomas@nianet.org NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 99 EP 119 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 357YH UT WOS:000259882700005 ER PT J AU Li, W Xiao, A Lucht, BL Smart, MC Ratnakumar, BV AF Li, W. Xiao, A. Lucht, B. L. Smart, M. C. Ratnakumar, B. V. TI Surface analysis of electrodes from cells containing electrolytes with stabilizing additives exposed to high temperature SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; VINYL ETHYLENE CARBONATE; LI-ION; GRAPHITE ANODE; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; LIPF6-BASED ELECTROLYTES; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; PERFORMANCE; DICARBONATE; PARTICLES AB We have conducted a detailed investigation of the effect of thermal stabilizing additives, including dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), N-methyl pyrrolidone, vinylene carbonate (VC), and vinylethylene carbonate (VEC), on the reactions of the electrolyte with the surface of the electrodes in lithium-ion cells. Cells were constructed with mesocarbon microbead anodes, LiNi(0.8)Co(0.2)O(2) cathodes, and 1.0 M LiPF(6) in 1:1:1 ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate/dimethyl carbonate electrolyte with and without electrolyte additives. The cells were stored sequentially at 55, 60, and 65 degrees C for 10 days at each temperature. The cells were then dismantled, and the surfaces of the electrodes were analyzed via a combination of infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy. The surface of the electrodes extracted from cells containing the baseline electrolyte contained thick surface films composed of electrolyte decomposition products. The addition of 1% DMAc inhibits the reaction of the electrolyte with surface of the electrodes, especially on the anode. The addition of 1.5% VC results in the formation of poly(vinylene carbonate) on both electrodes and inhibits the reaction of electrolyte with the electrodes, especially the cathode. The addition of 1.5% VEC or 10% DMAc did not significantly impede the reaction of the electrolyte with the electrodes. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Li, W.; Xiao, A.; Lucht, B. L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Smart, M. C.; Ratnakumar, B. V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Li, W (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM blucht@chm.uri.edu NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 9 BP A648 EP A657 DI 10.1149/1.2949507 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 331UT UT WOS:000258038800006 ER PT J AU Smart, MC Lucht, BL Ratnakumar, BV AF Smart, M. C. Lucht, B. L. Ratnakumar, B. V. TI Electrochemical characteristics of MCMB and LiNi(x)Co(1-x)O(2) electrodes in electrolytes with stabilizing additives SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; LOW-TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE; LI-ION; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; THERMAL-STABILITY; LIPF6-BASED ELECTROLYTES; CARBON ELECTRODES; CELLS; IMPEDANCE; GRAPHITE AB As part of our continuing efforts to develop advanced electrolytes to improve the performance of lithium-ion cells, especially over wide temperature ranges, we have identified electrolyte additives that can be incorporated into multicomponent electrolyte formulations that result in performance enhancement. Specifically, when electrolyte additives, such as dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) and N-methyl pyrrolidinone, are added to ternary mixtures of carbonates, improved resilience to high-temperature exposure is achieved. A number of experimental lithium-ion cells, consisting of mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) carbon anodes and LiNi(0.8)Co(0.2)O(2) cathodes, have been fabricated to study the effect that these additives have upon the performance. In addition to investigating the use of Lewis base additives that are envisioned to complex any free PF(5), other solid electrolyte interface promoting additives were also studied, including vinylene carbonate (VC) and vinyl ethylene carbonate. Significant improvement in the high-temperature resilience of Li-ion cells containing these additives was observed, with the most dramatic benefit being displayed by the addition of DMAc. When the electrochemical properties of the individual electrodes were analyzed, the degradation of the anode kinetics was slowed most dramatically by the incorporation of DMAc and the greatest retention in the cathode kinetics was observed when VC was added. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Smart, M. C.; Ratnakumar, B. V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lucht, B. L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Smart, MC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM marshall.c.smart@jpl.nasa.gov NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 8 BP A557 EP A568 DI 10.1149/1.2928611 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 323CM UT WOS:000257421600002 ER PT J AU Tigelaar, DM Palker, AE Meador, MAB Bennett, WR AF Tigelaar, Dean M. Palker, Allyson E. Meador, Mary Ann B. Bennett, William R. TI Synthesis and compatibility of ionic liquid containing rod-coil polyimide gel electrolytes with lithium metal electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; AMMONIUMSALZE MIT ATHANOLAMIN; BATTERIES; CONDUCTION; SOLVENT; CELLS; SALT AB A highly cross-linked polyimide-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer has been synthesized that is capable of holding large volumes of liquid component, simultaneously maintaining good dimensional stability. An amine end capped oligomer was made that was imidized in solution, followed by reaction with a triisocyanate in the presence of desired additives at ambient temperature. Polymer films are able to hold over 4 times their weight in room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) or carbonate solvent. Electrolytes were studied that contained varying amounts of RTIL, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide (LiTFSi), and alumina nanoparticles. Electrochemical stability of these electrolytes with lithium metal electrodes was studied by galvanic cycling and impedance spectroscopy. Improved cycling stability and decreased interfacial resistance were observed when increasing amounts of RTIL and LiTFSi were added. The addition of small amounts of alumina further decreased interfacial resistance by nearly an order of magnitude. During the course of the study, cycling stability increased from < 3 to >1000 h at 60 degrees C and 0.25 mA/cm(2) current density. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Tigelaar, Dean M.; Palker, Allyson E.; Meador, Mary Ann B.; Bennett, William R.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Tigelaar, DM (reprint author), Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH USA. EM dean.m.tigelaar@grc.nasa.gov; maryann.meador@nasa.gov; william.r.bennett@grc.nasa.gov OI Meador, Mary Ann/0000-0003-2513-7372 FU NASA [NNC062A46A] FX D. M. T was funded by NASA cooperative agreement no. NNC062A46A. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 10 BP A768 EP A774 DI 10.1149/1.2967723 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 345DO UT WOS:000258976500013 ER PT J AU West, WC Smart, MC Brandon, EJ Whitcanack, LD Plett, GA AF West, William C. Smart, Marshall C. Brandon, Erik J. Whitcanack, Larry D. Plett, Gary A. TI Double-layer capacitor electrolytes using 1,3-dioxolane for low temperature operation SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SUPERCAPACITOR; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR AB Double-layer capacitor electrolytes employing 1,3-dioxolane as a cosolvent with acetonitrile have been evaluated in coin cells using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and dc charging and discharging tests. Addition of the lower-melting-point 1,3-dioxolane to the standard acetonitrile solvent was found to extend the low-temperature operational range of test cells beyond that of commercially available cells. By adjusting the concentration of the tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate salt used, the equivalent series resistance can be minimized to enable optimal power delivery at a given temperature. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [West, William C.; Smart, Marshall C.; Brandon, Erik J.; Whitcanack, Larry D.; Plett, Gary A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP West, WC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM erik.j.brandon@jpl.nasa.gov FU JPL Research and Technology Development fund; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, funded through the JPL Research and Technology Development fund, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 10 BP A716 EP A720 DI 10.1149/1.2961044 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 345DO UT WOS:000258976500003 ER PT J AU Asthana, R Singh, M AF Asthana, R. Singh, M. TI Joining of partially sintered alumina to alumina, titanium, Hastealloy and C-SiC composite using Ag-Cu brazes SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE joining; sintering; porosity; electron microscopy; hardness; infiltration; AL(2)O(3); Ag-Cu brazes ID CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES; INTERFACES; ALLOYS; INFILTRATION; WETTABILITY; PENETRATION; MOLYBDENUM; KINETICS; BEHAVIOR; JOINTS AB The joining behavior of polycrystalline alumina sintered at different temperatures (1473-1773 K) and times (0.5-4 h) to itself and to Ti, Hastealloy and a CVI C-SiC composite using two Ag-Cu active metal brazes (Cusil-ABA and Ticusil) containing Ti has been evaluated. Partial densification and the resulting high porosity content of Al2O3 substrates sintered at low temperatures led to braze infiltration of Al2O3 pores in 20 min contact but no penetration occurred in dense Al2O3 substrates sintered at high temperatures. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) examination of the joints showed that chemical reactions between Al2O3 and braze constituents formed a Ti-rich reaction layer at braze/Al2O3 interface regardless of the sintering conditions and degree of densification of the Al2O3. Some redistribution of the substrate and braze constituents across the joint interfaces was observed due to dissolution and interdiffusion. The Knoop microhardness of sintered alumina was consistent with the degree of Al2O3 densification achieved, and microhardness profiles across the joint regions displayed a minimum (similar to 70-160 KHN) in the braze region and a maximum (1900-2012 KHN) in the alumina region. The polished CVI C-SiC composites led to better quality Al2O3/C-SiC composite joints and greater segregation of Ti at the composite/braze interface than unpolished composite specimens. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Singh, M.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, ASRC Aerosp, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Asthana, R.; Singh, M.] Univ Wisconsin Stout, Dept Engn & Technol, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. RP Asthana, R (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, ASRC Aerosp, Ohio Aerosp Inst, MS 106-5 Ceram Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM asthanar@uwstout.edu NR 36 TC 46 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 617 EP 631 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2007.06.017 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 247UU UT WOS:000252108900014 ER PT J AU Amar, AJ Blackwell, BF Edwards, JR AF Amar, A. J. Blackwell, B. F. Edwards, J. R. TI One-dimensional ablation using a full Newton's method and finite control volume procedure SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME 9th Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference CY JUN 05-08, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP AIAA, ASME AB The development and verification of a one-dimensional constant density material thermal response code with ablation is presented. The implicit time integrator, control volume finite element spatial discretization, and Newton's method (with an analytical Jacobian) for the entire system of residual equations have been implemented and verified for variable material properties, Q* ablation, and thermochemical ablation problems. Timing studies were performed, and when accuracy is considered, the method developed in this study exhibits significant time savings over the property lagging approach. In addition, maximizing the Newton solver's convergence rate by including sensitivities to the surface recession rate reduces the overall computational time when compared to excluding recession rate sensitivities. C1 [Amar, A. J.] N Carolina State Univ, Aerosci & Compressible Fluid Mech Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Blackwell, B. F.] Blackwell Consulting, Corrales, NM 87048 USA. [Blackwell, B. F.; Edwards, J. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Amar, A. J.; Blackwell, B. F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Amar, AJ (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Appl Aerosci & CFD Branch, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 71 EP 82 DI 10.2514/1.29610 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 256VA UT WOS:000252756800007 ER PT J AU Jeong, SI Didion, J AF Jeong, Seong-Il Didion, Jeffrey TI Performance characteristics of electrohydrodynamic conduction pump in two-phase loops SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 38th Thermophysics Conference CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID HEAT PIPES AB A direct-current electric field applied to dielectric fluids causes an imbalance in the dissociation-recombination reaction generating free space charges. Coulomb forces, resulting from the applied electric field, redistributes the generated charges resulting in the heterocharge layers in the vicinity of the electrodes. Proper design of the electrodes generates net axial How motion pumping the fluid. The electrohydrodynamic conduction pump is a novel device that pumps dielectric fluids using heterocharge layers formed by imposition of electrostatic fields. This paper investigates the performance characteristics of an electrohydrodynamic conduction pump in two-phase (liquid-vapor) thermal control loops. The electrohydrodynamic two-phase loop consists of an electrohydrodynamic conduction pump, condenser, evaporator, transport lines, and reservoir (accumulator). This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental matrix examining the operational performance of electrohydrodynamic-based two-phase loops. The testing programs employed two electrohydrodynamic-based loops, two electrohydrodynamic conduction pumps, and deaerated and commercial grade HFC-134a. The pumps and fluids were alternated between the loops to provide a degree of generality to the results. We report the generated pressure head, mass How rate, and pump power consumption as a function of refrigerant, applied voltage, and sink temperature. The experimental program lasted over two years. The experiments' results identified the effects of noncondensable gases, working fluid temperature, loop geometric parameter, and electrode design parameters to improve electrohydrodynamic conduction pump performance. C1 [Jeong, Seong-Il] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Satellite Technol Res Ctr, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Didion, Jeffrey] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Jeong, SI (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Satellite Technol Res Ctr, 373-1 Guseong Dong, Taejon 305701, South Korea. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 90 EP 97 DI 10.2514/1.23680 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 256VA UT WOS:000252756800009 ER PT J AU Van Zante, D Chen, JP Hathaway, M Chriss, R AF Van Zante, Dale Chen, Jenping Hathaway, Michael Chriss, Randall TI The influence of compressor blade row interaction modeling on performance estimates from time-accurate, multistage, Navier-Stokes simulations SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo 2005 CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID ROTOR AB The time-accurate, multistage, Navier-Stokes, turbomachinery solver TURBO was used to calculate the aeroperformance of a 2 1/2 stage, highly loaded, high-speed, axial compressor The goals of the research project were to demonstrate completion times for multistage, time-accurate simulations that are consistent with inclusion in the design process and to assess the influence of differing approaches to modeling the effects of blade row interactions on aeroperformance estimates. Three different simulation setups were used to model blade row interactions: (1) single-passage per blade row with phase lag boundaries, (2) multiple passages per blade row, with phase lag boundaries, and (3) a periodic sector (1/2 annulus sector). The simulations used identical inlet and exit boundary conditions and identical meshes. To add more blade passages to the domain, the single-passage meshes were copied and rotated. This removed any issues of differing mesh topology or mesh density from the following results. The 1/2 annulus simulation utilizing periodic boundary conditions required an order of magnitude fewer iterations to converge when all three simulations were converged to the same level as assessed by monitoring changes in overall adiabatic efficiency. When using phase lag boundary conditions, the necessity to converge the time history information requires more iterations to obtain the same convergence level. In addition to convergence differences, the three simulations gave different overall performance estimates where the 1/2 annulus case was 1.0 point lower in adiabatic efficiency than the single-passage phase lag case. The interaction between blade rows in the same frame of reference sets up spatial variations of properties in the circumferential direction, which are stationary in that reference frame. The phase lag boundary condition formulation will not capture this effect because the blade rows are not moving relative to each other Thus, for simulations of more than two blade rows and strong interactions, a periodic simulation is necessary to estimate the correct aeroperformance. C1 [Van Zante, Dale; Chriss, Randall] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Chen, Jenping] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hathaway, Michael] ARL Vehicle Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Van Zante, D (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2008 VL 130 IS 1 AR 011009 DI 10.1115/1.2775486 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 269HR UT WOS:000253640600009 ER PT J AU Yokoi, N Rubinstein, R Yoshizawa, A Hamba, F AF Yokoi, Nobumitsu Rubinstein, Robert Yoshizawa, Akira Hamba, Fujihiro TI A turbulence model for magnetohydrodynamic plasmas SO JOURNAL OF TURBULENCE LA English DT Article DE magnetohydrodynamic turbulence; turbulence model; eddy viscosity; solar wind; tokamak plasma ID SOLAR-WIND FLUCTUATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ALFVEN WAVES; DYNAMO; SUPPRESSION; GENERATION; EVOLUTION; TRANSPORT; ROTATION AB The statistical theory of inhomogeneous turbulence is applied to develop a system of model equations for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. The statistical descriptors of MHD turbulence are taken to be the turbulent MHD energy, its dissipation rate, the turbulent cross helicity (velocity-magnetic field correlation), turbulent MHD residual energy (difference between the kinetic and magnetic energies), and turbulent residual helicity (difference between the kinetic and current helicities). Evolution equations for these statistical quantities are coupled to the mean-field dynamics. The model is applied to two MHD-plasma phenomena: turbulence evolution with prescribed mean velocity and magnetic fields in the solar wind, and mean flow generation in the presence of a mean magnetic field and cross helicity in tokamak plasmas. These applications support the validity of the turbulence model. In the presence of a mean magnetic field, turbulence dynamics should be subject to combined effects of nonlinearity and Alfven waves; consequences for the dissipation rate of MHD residual energy are discussed. C1 [Yokoi, Nobumitsu; Hamba, Fujihiro] Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538505, Japan. [Rubinstein, Robert] NASA Langley Res Ctr Hampton, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Yokoi, N (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Meguro Ku, 4-6-1 Komaba, Tokyo 1538505, Japan. EM nobyokoi@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-5248 J9 J TURBUL JI J. Turbul. PY 2008 VL 9 IS 37 BP 1 EP 25 AR PII 905303711 DI 10.1080/14685240802433057 PG 25 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 370XR UT WOS:000260796900001 ER PT J AU Kondrachuk, AV Sirenko, SP Boyle, R AF Kondrachuk, A. V. Sirenko, S. P. Boyle, R. TI Effect of difference of cupula and endolymph densities on the dynamics of semicircular canal SO JOURNAL OF VESTIBULAR RESEARCH-EQUILIBRIUM & ORIENTATION LA English DT Article DE Semicircular canal; cupula; endolymph; modeling ID HEAVY-WATER NYSTAGMUS; VESTIBULAR SYSTEM; SQUIRREL-MONKEY; PRESSURE; RESPONSES; LABYRINTH; ALCOHOL; NEURONS AB The effect of different densities of a cupula and endolymph on the dynamics of the semicircular canals is considered within the framework of a simplified one-dimensional mathematical model where the canal is approximated by a torus. If the densities are equal, the model is represented by Steinhausen's phenomenological equation. The difference of densities results in the complex dynamics of the cupulo-endolymphatic system, and leads to a dependence on the orientation of both the gravity vector relative to the canal plane and the axis of rotation, as well as on the distance between the axis of rotation and the center of the semicircular canal. Our analysis focused on two cases of canal stimulation: rotation with a constant velocity and a time-dependent ( harmonically oscillating) angular velocity. Two types of spatial orientation of the axis of rotation, the axis of canal symmetry, and the vector of gravity were considered: i) the gravity vector and axis of rotation lie in the canal plane, and ii) the axis of rotation and gravity vector are normal to the canal plane. The difference of the cupula and endolymph densities reveals new features of cupula dynamics, for instance - a shift of the cupula to a new position of equilibrium that depends on the gravity vector and the parameters of head rotation, and the onset of cupula oscillations with multiple frequencies that results in the distortion of cupula dynamics relative to harmonic stimulation. Factors that might influence the density difference effects and the conditions under which these effects occur are discussed. C1 [Kondrachuk, A. V.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Dept Theoret Phys, Inst Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. [Boyle, R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, BioVIS Technol Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kondrachuk, AV (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Dept Theoret Phys, Inst Phys, 46 Prospekt Nauki, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. EM kondr@kondr.kiev.ua FU NASA [03-OBPR-04] FX The work was partially supported by grant NASA 03-OBPR-04 (RB). NR 21 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4271 J9 J VESTIBUL RES-EQUIL JI J. Vestib. Res.-Equilib. Orientat. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2-3 BP 69 EP 88 PG 20 WC Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 414ZM UT WOS:000263904100001 PM 19126978 ER PT J AU Watson, AB Ahumada, AJ AF Watson, Andrew B. Ahumada, Albert J., Jr. TI Predicting visual acuity from wavefront aberrations SO JOURNAL OF VISION LA English DT Article DE Sloan letters; letter identification; pattern recognition; Zernike polynomials; autorefraction ID IMAGE QUALITY; EYES; IDENTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; POPULATION; METRICS; QUEST; MODEL AB It is now possible to routinely measure the aberrations of the human eye, but there is as yet no established metric that relates aberrations to visual acuity. A number of metrics have been proposed and evaluated, and some perform well on particular sets of evaluation data. But these metrics are not based on a plausible model of the letter acuity task and may not generalize to other sets of aberrations, other data sets, or to other acuity tasks. Here we provide a model of the acuity task that incorporates optical and neural filtering, neural noise, and an ideal decision rule. The model provides an excellent account of one large set of evaluation data. Several suboptimal rules perform almost as well. A simple metric derived from this model also provides a good account of the data set. C1 [Watson, Andrew B.; Ahumada, Albert J., Jr.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Watson, AB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 262-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM andrew.b.watson@nasa.gov NR 29 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 1534-7362 J9 J VISION JI J. Vision PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 AR 17 DI 10.1167/8.4.17 PG 19 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 302NV UT WOS:000255976000017 ER PT S AU Negoita, MG Sekanina, L Stoica, A AF Negoita, Mircea Gh. Sekanina, Lukas Stoica, Adrian BE Lovrek, I Howlett, RJ Jain, LC TI Adaptive and Evolvable Hardware and systems: The state of the art and the prospectus for future development SO KNOWLEDGE-BASED INTELLIGENT INFORMATION AND ENGINEERING SYSTEMS, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems CY SEP 03-05, 2008 CL Zagreb, CROATIA SP KES Int, Innovat Knowledge Based & Intelligent Engn Syst, Univ Zagreb, Fac Elect Engn & Comp, Republic Croatia, Minist Sci, Educ & Sports, Ericsson Nikola Tesla, Croatian Natl Tourist Board, Zagreb Tourist Board AB This paper is an overview on the Evolvable Hardware (EHW) - th exciting and rapidly expanding industrial application area of the Evolutionary Computing (EC), of the Genetic Algorithms especially. The content of the work has the following structure: the first part includes generalities on industrial applications of EC and the importance of EHW in this frame; the second part presents the outstanding technological support making possible the implementation of system adaptation in hardware. Different kind of programmable circuits arrays are introduced. The third part tackles the most known EC based methods for EHW implementation; the fourth part deals with some concrete elements of the EHW design, including the current limits in evolutionary design of digital circuits. The last part is focused on some concluding remarks with regard to future perspectives of the area. A list of references used in this work was inserted at the end. C1 [Negoita, Mircea Gh.] KES Int, 2nd Floor,145-157 St John St, London EC1V 4PY, England. [Sekanina, Lukas] Brno Univ Technol, Fac Informat Technol, Brno 61266, Czech Republic. [Stoica, Adrian] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Negoita, MG (reprint author), KES Int, 2nd Floor,145-157 St John St, London EC1V 4PY, England. EM mnegoita@hotmail.com; sekanina@fit.vutbr.cz; adrian.stoica@jpl.nasa.gov RI Sekanina, Lukas/E-8394-2014 FU EHW Group at NASA JPL FX The support of the EHW Group at NASA JPL was crucial for tackling research objectives surveyed in this work that was suggested by the KES International Advisory Board. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-85566-8 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2008 VL 5179 BP 310 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BIG88 UT WOS:000259398600039 ER PT S AU Sierhuis, M Shum, SB AF Sierhuis, Maarten Shum, Simon Buckingham BE Okada, A Shum, SM Sherborne, T TI Human-Agent Knowledge Cartography for e-Science: NASA Field Trials at the Mars Desert Research Station SO KNOWLEDGE CARTOGRAPHY: SOFTWARE TOOLS AND MAPPING TECHNIQUES SE Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter describes the sociotechnical embedding of a knowledge cartography approach (Conversational Modelling) within a prototype e-science work system. This was evaluated over two 2-week field trials, simulating collaborative Mars-Earth geological exploration. We believe this work is the first demonstration of a knowledge mapping tool embedded within a human/software multiagent work system, with humans and agents reading and writing structures amenable to agent understanding and autonomous agent execution, and human understanding, annotation and argumentation. Secondly, in terms of the applied problem, we have demonstrated how human and agent plans, data, multimedia documents, metadata, discussions, interpretations and arguments can be mapped in an integrated manner, and successfully deployed in field trials which simulated aspects of mission workload pressure. C1 [Sierhuis, Maarten] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Human Centered Comp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Shum, Simon Buckingham] Open Univ, Knowledge Media Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Sierhuis, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Human Centered Comp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Maarten.Sierhuis-1@nasa.gov; sbs@acm.org NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1610-3947 BN 978-1-84800-148-0 J9 ADV INFORM KNOWL PRO PY 2008 BP 287 EP 305 DI 10.1007/978-1-84800-149-7_14 D2 10.1007/978-1-84800-149-7 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJS88 UT WOS:000267119700015 ER PT B AU Malhotra, A Majchrzak, A AF Malhotra, Arvind Majchrzak, Ann BE Graen, GB Graen, JA TI FAR-FLUNG TEAMS AND THE KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN CORPORATION SO KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN CORPORATION: COMPLEX CREATIVE DESTRUCTION SE LMX Leadership Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VIRTUAL TEAMS; LEADERSHIP AB In the knowledge era economy, the special knowledge-generating resources required for innovation are no longer concentrated in one region, bill. are distributed around the globe. Furthermore, the pieces of the knowledge puzzle are no longer possessed by a single corporation, but rather by collectives known as value networks. The new challenges facing global companies are to identify, pool, and deploy their knowledge resources in these settings. Bringing together knowledge resources front their remote "sensing" outposts without. frequent travel requires a radically new approach-an approach through which knowledge resources can be deployed globally and locally simultaneously, overcoming the barriers of knowledge dispersion. To better understand this process, a study of 54 far-flung teams in 31 different. corporations scattered over 28 diverse industries was undertaken. Implications of this investigation are discussed. C1 [Malhotra, Arvind] Univ N Carolina, Kenan Flagler Business Sch, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Majchrzak, Ann] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Majchrzak, Ann] Jet Prop Labs, Pasadena, CA USA. [Malhotra, Arvind] Cisco, San Jose, CA USA. [Malhotra, Arvind] IBM Corp, Armonk, NY USA. RP Malhotra, A (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Kenan Flagler Business Sch, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-59311-941-6 J9 LMX LEADERSH SER PY 2008 BP 47 EP 61 PG 15 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BKA18 UT WOS:000267577200003 ER PT S AU Liebowitz, J Beckman, T AF Liebowitz, Jay Beckman, Tom BE BecerraFernandez, I Leidner, D TI MOVING TOWARD A KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT MATURITY MODEL (K3M) FOR DEVELOPING KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND IMPLEMENTATION PLANS SO KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: AN EVOLUTIONARY REVIEW SE Advances in Management Information Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Knowledge Management; Maturity Model; Learning; Business Strategy; Competencies; Knowledge Management Strategy AB Most of the current research addressing knowledge management ( KM) strategy and implementation has focused on ad hoc approaches. Unfortunately, without the necessary rigor behind these approaches, KM will become the "management fad of the day" and will fall into demise (similar to the 70% failure rate estimated in business process reengineering projects). To further advance the KM field and to give senior management a stronger sense of trust in the "tangible" advantages of KM in their organizations, a comprehensive KM maturity model (K3M) is needed. K3M, as discussed in this paper, provides a model for KM development and strategy formulation to ensure greater success of KM implementation efforts. K3M is unique as it is the first KM maturity model that is based on learning, competencies, and business strategy. C1 [Liebowitz, Jay] Johns Hopkins Univ, Carey Business Sch, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Liebowitz, Jay] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Liebowitz, Jay] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Liebowitz, Jay] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Liebowitz, Jay] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Liebowitz, J (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Carey Business Sch, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DRIVE, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 1554-6152 BN 978-0-7656-1637-1 J9 ADV MANAG INFORM SYS PY 2008 VL 12 BP 163 EP 179 PG 17 WC Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA BUB73 UT WOS:000288748900010 ER PT J AU Willis, PA Greer, F Lee, MC Smith, JA White, VE Grunthaner, FJ Sprague, JJ Rolland, JP AF Willis, Peter A. Greer, Frank Lee, Michael C. Smith, J. Anthony White, Victor E. Grunthaner, Frank J. Sprague, Jacob J. Rolland, Jason P. TI Monolithic photolithographically patterned Fluorocur (TM) PFPE membrane valves and pumps for in situ planetary exploration SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID MARS; FABRICATION; TEFLON AB Photolithographically defined monolithic membrane valves utilizing Fluorocur(TM) perfluoropolyether (PFPE) were fabricated and characterized to be essentially unaltered after one million actuations and exposure to the environmental stresses associated with in situ exploration of Mars. C1 [Willis, Peter A.; Greer, Frank; Lee, Michael C.; Smith, J. Anthony; White, Victor E.; Grunthaner, Frank J.] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Inst Elect & Sensors Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Sprague, Jacob J.; Rolland, Jason P.] Liquidia Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Willis, PA (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Inst Elect & Sensors Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM willis@jpl.nasa.gov RI Willis, Peter/I-6621-2012 NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1024 EP 1026 DI 10.1039/b804265a PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 320LT UT WOS:000257236900004 PM 18584073 ER PT J AU Rice, SD Holland, L Moles, A AF Rice, Stanley D. Holland, Larry Moles, Adam TI Seasonal increases in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons related to two-stroke engine use in a small Alaskan lake SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PAH; two-stroke engines; Alaska; hydrocarbon ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; POLYETHYLENE MEMBRANE DEVICES; MULTIPLE-USE LAKE; CRUDE-OIL; FISH; SEDIMENTS; EXHAUST; WATER; MTBE AB To determine if hydrocarbon levels in salmon-rearing lakes are affected by seasonal increases in the number of two-stroke powered watercraft, passive hydrocarbon sampling devices were deployed in Auke Lake in southeast Alaska for five successive summers (1999-2003). Estimates of the number of two-stroke powered water craft were made by daily census in 2003. Passive samplers mimic the bioconcentration of trace waterborne lipophilic contaminants by living organisms and are used worldwide for in situ monitoring of organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Monthly increases in PAHs coincided with monthly increases in the number of two-stroke powered watercraft (jet skis and powerboats) on the lake during the summer. This increase in PAHs varied in magnitude from year to year. PAHs were detected in the surface waters (1 m), particularly in high use areas, and were not detected at 9 m depth. These localized seasonal inputs appeared to come primarily from recreational watercraft rather than from runoff. Alaska's recreational boating season is very compressed and coincides with migrations of anadromous fish. Increased use of two-stroke engines may transfer enough hydrocarbons to the lake to affect fish populations. C1 [Rice, Stanley D.; Holland, Larry; Moles, Adam] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Moles, A (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM adam.moles@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 10 EP 17 PG 8 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 492NQ UT WOS:000269665800002 ER PT B AU Hong, Y Adler, RF Huffman, GJ AF Hong, Yang Adler, Robert F. Huffman, George J. BE Chen, Z Zhang, JM Li, ZK Wu, FQ Ho, K TI Prediction of the spatiotemporal distribution of landslides: Integrated landslide susceptibility zoning techniques and real-time satellite rainfall SO LANDSLIDES AND ENGINEERED SLOPES: FROM THE PAST TO THE FUTURE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Landslides and Engineered Slopes CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2008 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Inst Soil Mech & Geotech Engn, Chinese Natl Commiss Engn Geol, Chinese Soc Rock Mech & Engn, Hong Kong Inst Engineers, Geotech Div ID INTENSITY; RIVER AB Predicting global landslide occurrences is very difficult and expensive in terms of time and money Drawing upon recent advances of satellite remote sensing technology, an experimental landslide prediction model is developed to identify the timing for landslides induced by heavy rainfall, the primary trigger. This system includes three major modules: (1) zoning the global landslide hotspots from a high-resolution geospatial database; (2) a real-time multi-satellite precipitation estimation system at fine spatiotemporal scales; and (3) a simplified decision making procedure which integrates the landslide susceptibility zoning map and the rainfall information to locate the spatiotemporal likelihood of landslide occurrence. A trial version of the system is updated every 3-hat NASA Website. Validation is underway through comparison with various inventory databases and news reports of landslide disasters. Success of this prototype system bears promise as an early warning system for global landslide disaster preparedness and mitigation given the fact that landslides usually occur after a period of heavy rainfall. Additionally, it is possible that the warning lead-time can be extended by using rainfall forecasts (1-7 days) from operational numerical rainfall forecast. Ultimate goal of this work is to provide landslide decision support tools that rapidly disseminate landslide potential alerts for disaster mitigation activities on a global basis for end users. C1 [Hong, Yang; Adler, Robert F.; Huffman, George J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Huffman, George/F-4494-2014 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Huffman, George/0000-0003-3858-8308 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-41196-7 PY 2008 BP 1991 EP 1994 DI 10.1201/9780203885284-c277 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA BJI98 UT WOS:000266239200277 ER PT S AU Bertolami, O Paramos, J Turyshev, SG AF Bertolami, Orfeu Paramos, Jorge Turyshev, Slava G. BE Dittus, H Lammerzahl, C Turyshev, SG TI General theory of relativity: Will it survive the next decade? SO LASERS, CLOCKS AND DRAG-FREE CONTROL: EXPLORATION OF RELATIVISTIC GRAVITY IN SPACE SE Astrophysics and Space Science Library LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 359th WE-Heraeus Seminar on Lasers, Clocks, and Drag-Free - New Technologies for Testing Relativistic Gravity in Space CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 2005 CL Univ Bremen, Bremen, GERMANY SP Wilhelm & Else Heraeus Fdn HO Univ Bremen ID CHAPLYGIN-GAS MODEL; RAY ENERGY-SPECTRUM; INVERSE-SQUARE LAW; SOLAR GRAVITATIONAL DEFLECTION; POST-NEWTONIAN ORDER; EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE; QUANTUM-GRAVITY; DARK-MATTER; COSMIC-RAY; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT AB The nature of gravity is fundamental to the understanding of our own solar system, the galaxy, and the structure and evolution of the Universe. Einstein's general theory of relativity is the standard model that is used for almost 90 years to describe gravitational phenomena on various scales. We review the foundations of general relativity, discuss the recent progress in the tests of relativistic gravity, and present motivations for high-accuracy gravitational experiments in space. We also summarize the science objectives and technology needs for the laboratory experiments in space with laboratory being the entire solar system. We discuss the advances in our understanding of fundamental physics anticipated in the near future and evaluate discovery potential for the recently proposed gravitational experiments. C1 [Bertolami, Orfeu; Paramos, Jorge] Inst Superior Tecnico, Dept Fis, Av Rovisco Pais, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Turyshev, Slava G.] California Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bertolami, O (reprint author), Inst Superior Tecnico, Dept Fis, Av Rovisco Pais, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. RI Paramos, Jorge/J-3440-2013 OI Paramos, Jorge/0000-0001-9853-9431 NR 278 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0067-0057 BN 978-3-540-34376-9 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2008 VL 349 BP 27 EP + PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHA36 UT WOS:000251801600002 ER PT S AU Tinto, M AF Tinto, Massimo BE Dittus, H Lammerzahl, C Turyshev, SG TI Unequal-arm interferometry and ranging in space SO LASERS, CLOCKS AND DRAG-FREE CONTROL: EXPLORATION OF RELATIVISTIC GRAVITY IN SPACE SE Astrophysics and Space Science Library LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 359th WE-Heraeus Seminar on Lasers, Clocks, and Drag-Free - New Technologies for Testing Relativistic Gravity in Space CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 2005 CL Univ Bremen, Bremen, GERMANY SP Wilhelm & Else Heraeus Fdn HO Univ Bremen ID TIME-DELAY INTERFEROMETRY; LISA AB Spaceborne interferometric gravitational wave detectors, sensitive in the low-frequency (millihertz) band, will fly in the next decade. In these detectors the spacecraft-to-spacecraft light travel times will necessarily be unequal, time-varying, and (due to aberration) have different time delays on up- and downlinks. By using knowledge of the interspacecraft light travel times and their time evolution, it is possible to cancel in postprocessing the otherwise dominant laser phase noise and obtain a variety of interferometric data combinations sensitive to gravitational radiation. This technique, which has been named time-delay interferometry (TDI), can be implemented with constellations of three or more formation-flying spacecraft that coherently track each other. As an example application we consider the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission and show that TDI combinations can be synthesized by properly time shifting and linearly combining the phase measurements performed onboard the three spacecraft. Since TDI exactly suppresses the laser noises when the delays coincide with the light travel times, we then show that TDI can also be used for estimating the time delays needed for its implementation. This is done by performing a postprocessing nonlinear minimization procedure, which provides an effective, powerful, and simple way for making measurements of the interspacecraft light travel times. This processing technique, named time-delay interferometric ranging (TDIR), is highly accurate in estimating the time delays and allows TDI to be successfully implemented without the need of a dedicated ranging subsystem. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tinto, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0067-0057 BN 978-3-540-34376-9 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2008 VL 349 BP 243 EP 262 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHA36 UT WOS:000251801600012 ER PT S AU Maleki, L Kohel, JM Lundblad, NE Prestage, JD Thompson, RJ Yu, N AF Maleki, Lute Kohel, James M. Lundblad, Nathan E. Prestage, John D. Thompson, Robert J. Yu, Nan BE Dittus, H Lammerzahl, C Turyshev, SG TI Clocks and accelerometers for space tests of fundamental physics SO LASERS, CLOCKS AND DRAG-FREE CONTROL: EXPLORATION OF RELATIVISTIC GRAVITY IN SPACE SE Astrophysics and Space Science Library LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 359th WE-Heraeus Seminar on Lasers, Clocks, and Drag-Free - New Technologies for Testing Relativistic Gravity in Space CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 2005 CL Univ Bremen, Bremen, GERMANY SP Wilhelm & Else Heraeus Fdn HO Univ Bremen ID FREQUENCY STANDARD; ION-TRAP AB In this chapter we discuss a technology development program at JPL to address the diminished opportunities for experimental tests of fundamental physics in space. By developing instruments that can serve multiple functions, we hope to gain flight opportunities that would otherwise be unavailable, due to recent refocusing of the space science mission in support of manned flights. We discuss the development of a liter-sized clock based on trapped mercury ions that can serve one-way navigation functions, as well as provide high stability for sensitive tests of general relativity, and possible variation of fine structure constant. We also describe progress in the development of an atom interferometer-based gravity gradiometer. This instrument is aimed at providing detailed subsurface mapping of earth and planetary bodies. It can also be used, with minor modifications, to serve as an instrument to test the equivalence principle. Finally, we report on recent progress for the development of a dual-beam atom laser based on spinor condensates, for future advanced instrumentation supporting fundamental physics studies in space. C1 [Maleki, Lute; Kohel, James M.; Lundblad, Nathan E.; Prestage, John D.; Thompson, Robert J.; Yu, Nan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Quantum Sci & Technol Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Maleki, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Quantum Sci & Technol Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM lute.maleki@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lundblad, Nathan/A-9965-2009 OI Lundblad, Nathan/0000-0003-0430-8064 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0067-0057 BN 978-3-540-34376-9 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2008 VL 349 BP 285 EP 296 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHA36 UT WOS:000251801600014 ER PT S AU Turyshev, SG Shao, M Nordtvedt, KL AF Turyshev, Slava G. Shao, Michael Nordtvedt, Kenneth L., Jr. BE Dittus, H Lammerzahl, C Turyshev, SG TI Science, technology, and mission design for the Laser Astrometric Test of Relativity SO LASERS, CLOCKS AND DRAG-FREE CONTROL: EXPLORATION OF RELATIVISTIC GRAVITY IN SPACE SE Astrophysics and Space Science Library LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 359th WE-Heraeus Seminar on Lasers, Clocks, and Drag-Free - New Technologies for Testing Relativistic Gravity in Space CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 2005 CL Univ Bremen, Bremen, GERMANY SP Wilhelm & Else Heraeus Fdn HO Univ Bremen ID SOLAR GRAVITATIONAL DEFLECTION; POST-NEWTONIAN FORMALISM; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; TENSOR-SCALAR THEORIES; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE; MASSIVE BODIES; 2ND-ORDER CONTRIBUTIONS; GRAVITY; LIGHT AB The Laser Astrometric Test of Relativity (LATOR) is a Michelson-Morley type experiment designed to test the metric nature of gravitation - a fundamental postulate of the Einstein's general theory of relativity. The key element of LATOR is a geometric redundancy provided by the long-baseline optical interferometry and interplanetary laser ranging. By using a combination of independent time-series of gravitational deflection of light in the immediate proximity to the Sun, along with measurements of the Shapiro time delay on interplanetary scales (to a precision, respectively, better than 0.1 picoradians and 1 cm), LATOR will significantly improve our knowledge of relativistic gravity and cosmology. The primary mission objective is (1) to measure the key post-Newtonian Eddington parameter gamma with accuracy of a part in 10(9). 1/2 (1 - gamma) is a direct measure for presence of a new interaction in gravitational theory and, in its search, LATOR goes a factor 30,000 beyond the present best result, Cassini's 2003 test; other mission objectives include (2) first measurement of gravity's nonlinear effects on light to similar to 0.01% accuracy, including both the traditional Eddington beta parameter and also the spatial metric's second-order potential contribution (never measured before); (3) direct measurement of the solar quadrupole moment J(2) (currently unavailable) to accuracy of a part in 200 of its expected size of similar or equal to 10(-7); and (4) direct measurement of the "frame-dragging" effect on light due to the Sun's rotational gravitomagnetic field, to 0.1% accuracy. LATOR's primary measurement pushes to unprecedented accuracy the search for cosmologically relevant scalar-tensor theories of gravity by looking for a remnant scalar field in today's solar system. We discuss the science objectives of the mission, its technology, mission and optical designs, as well as expected performance of this experiment. LATOR will lead to very robust advances in the tests of fundamental physics: this mission could discover a violation or extension of general relativity and/or reveal the presence of an additional long-range interaction in the physical law. There are no analogs to LATOR; it is unique and is a natural culmination of solar system gravity experiments. C1 [Turyshev, Slava G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Nordtvedt, Kenneth L., Jr.] Northwest Anal, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Turyshev, SG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 118 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0067-0057 BN 978-3-540-34376-9 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2008 VL 349 BP 473 EP + PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHA36 UT WOS:000251801600022 ER PT S AU Menzies, T Elrawas, O Boehm, B Madachy, R Hihn, J Baker, D Lum, K AF Menzies, Tim Elrawas, Oussama Boehm, Barry Madachy, Raymond Hihn, Jairus Baker, Daniel Lum, Karen BE Wang, Q Pfahl, D Raffo, DM TI Accurate estimates without calibration? SO MAKING GLOBALLY DISTRIBUTED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT A SUCCESS STORY SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Software Process CY MAY 10-11, 2008 CL Leipzig, GERMANY SP Int Software Proc Asso c, Inst Software, Chinese Acad Sci, ISCAS Lab Internet Software Technol AB Most process models calibrate their internal settings using historical data. Collecting this data is expensive, tedious, and often an incomplete process. Is it possible to make accurate software process estimates without historical data? Suppose much of uncertainty in a model comes from a small subset of the model variables. If so, then after (a) ranking variables by their ability to constrain the output; and (b) applying a small number of the top-ranked variables; then it should be possible to (c) make stable predictions in the constrained space. To test that hypothesis, we combined a simulated annealer (to generate random solutions) with a variable ranker. The results where quite dramatic: in one of the studies in this paper, we found process options that reduced the median and variance of the effort estimates by a factor of 20. In ten case studies, we show that the estimates generated in this manner are usually similar to those produced by standard local calibration. Our conclusion is that while it is always preferable to tune models to local data, it is possible to learn process control options without that data. C1 [Menzies, Tim; Elrawas, Oussama; Baker, Daniel] West Virginia Univ, LCSEE, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Boehm, Barry; Madachy, Raymond] Univ Southern Calif, CS, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Hihn, Jairus; Lum, Karen] JPL, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Menzies, T (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, LCSEE, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM tim@menzies.us; oelrawas@mix.wvu.edu; boehm@sunset.usc.edu; madachy@usc.edu; jairus.hihn@jpl.nasa.gov; danielryanbaker@gmail.com; karen.t.lum@jpl.nasa.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-79587-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5007 BP 210 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHR58 UT WOS:000255741100019 ER PT S AU Novak, G Krejrty, M Li, H Chuss, DT Calisse, PG AF Novak, Giles Krejny, M. Li, H. Chuss, D. T. Calisse, P. G. BE Wada, K Combes, F TI Mapping large-scale magnetic fields in giant molecular clouds SO MAPPING THE GALAXY AND NEARBY GALAXIES SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mapping the Galaxy and Nearby Galaxies CY JUN 26-30, 2006 CL Ishigaki Isl, JAPAN SP Fdn Promot Astronomy, Natl Astron Observ Japan, NEC Corp, Mitsubishi Elect, Okinawa Prefecture, Inoue Fdn Sci, Japanese Soc Promot Sci, Japan Commun Equipment Corporat, Oshima Prototype Engn Corporat ID MASERS; STARS; SPARO; OH C1 [Novak, Giles; Krejny, M.; Li, H.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Chuss, D. T.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Calisse, P. G.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. RP Novak, G (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM g-novak@northwestern.edu RI Chuss, David/D-8281-2012 FU NSFs Office of Polar Programs FX This work was supported by a grant to Northwestern U. from the NSFs Office of Polar Programs. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1570-6591 BN 978-0-387-72767-7 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2008 BP 99 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-72768-4_14 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU34 UT WOS:000250578600014 ER PT S AU Knapen, JH Allard, EL Mazzuca, LM Sarzi, M Peletier, RF AF Knapen, Johan H. Allard, E. L. Mazzuca, L. M. Sarzi, M. Peletier, R. F. BE Wada, K Combes, F TI Star formation in the central regions of galaxies SO MAPPING THE GALAXY AND NEARBY GALAXIES SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mapping the Galaxy and Nearby Galaxies CY JUN 26-30, 2006 CL Ishigaki Isl, JAPAN SP Fdn Promot Astronomy, Natl Astron Observ Japan, NEC Corp, Mitsubishi Elect, Okinawa Prefecture, Inoue Fdn Sci, Japanese Soc Promot Sci, Japan Commun Equipment Corporat, Oshima Prototype Engn Corporat ID SAURON PROJECT; NUCLEAR RING; DISK GALAXIES; MINOR MERGER; EMISSION; M100; EVOLUTION; STARBURST; HISTORY AB Massive star formation in the central regions of spiral galaxies plays an important role in the dynamical and secular evolution of their hosts. Here, we summarise a number of recent investigations of the star formation history and the physical conditions of the gas in circumnuclear regions, to illustrate not only the detailed results one can achieve, but also the potential of using state-of-the-art spectroscopic and analysis techniques in researching the central regions of galaxies in general. We review how the star formation history of nuclear rings confirms that they are long-lived and stable configurations. Gas flows in from the disk, through the bar, and into the ring, where successive episodes of massive star formation occur. Analysing the ring in NGC 7742 in particular, we determine the physical conditions of the line emitting gas using a combination of ionisation and stellar population modelling, concluding that the origin of the nuclear ring in this non-barred galaxy lies in a recent minor merger with a small gas-rich galaxy. C1 [Knapen, Johan H.; Allard, E. L.; Sarzi, M.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Mazzuca, L. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Peletier, R. F.] Univ Groningen, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. RP Knapen, JH (reprint author), Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. EM j.knapen@herts.ac.uk FU Leverhulme Research Fellowship; Royal Society FX We thank our co-workers on the papers as reviewed here. JHK thanks the Leverhulme Foundation for the award of a Leverhulme Research Fellowship, and the Royal Society for the award of a conference grant which allowed him to attend the meeting in Ishigaki. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1570-6591 BN 978-0-387-72767-7 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2008 BP 125 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-72768-4_18 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU34 UT WOS:000250578600018 ER PT B AU Jensen, A Williams, M Jemison, L Raum-Suryan, K AF Jensen, Aleria Williams, Michael Jemison, Lauri Raum-Suryan, Kim BE Williams, M Ammann, E TI Somebody Untangle Me! Taking a Closer Look at Marine Mammal Entanglement in Marine Debris SO MARINE DEBRIS IN ALASKA: COORDINATING OUR EFFORTS SE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Marine Debris in Alaska Workshop CY FEB 14-15, 2008 CL Anchorage, AK ID NORTHERN FUR SEALS; NEW-ZEALAND; LIONS C1 [Jensen, Aleria] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 978-1-56612-135-4 J9 UASGCP REP PY 2008 VL 2009 IS 01 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BJK17 UT WOS:000266629800014 ER PT J AU Martinson, EC Helle, JH Scarnecchia, DL Stokes, HH AF Martinson, Ellen C. Helle, John H. Scarnecchia, Dennis L. Stokes, Houston H. TI Density-dependent growth of Alaska sockeye salmon in relation to climate-oceanic regimes, population abundance, and body size, 1925 to 1998 SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Sockeye salmon; Marine growth; Density dependent; Ocean regimes; Climate change; Body size; Age ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; LONG-TERM TRENDS; ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; ICELANDIC STOCKS; SURVIVAL RATES; O-NERKA; YIELD; OSCILLATION AB To better understand how density-dependent growth of ocean-dwelling Pacific salmon varied with climate and population dynamics, we examined the marine growth of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in relation to an index of sockeye salmon abundances among climate regimes, population abundances, and body sizes tinder varied life-history stages, from 1925 to 1998, using ordinary least squares and multivariate adaptive regression spline threshold models. The annual marine growth and body size during the juvenile, immature, and maturing life stages were estimated from growth pattern increments on the scales of adult age 2.2 sockeye salmon that returned to spawn at Karluk River and Lake on Kodiak Island, Alaska. Intra-specific density-dependent growth was inferred from inverse relationships between growth and sockeye salmon abundance based on commercial harvest. Density-dependent growth occurred in all marine life stages, during the cool regime, at lower abundance levels, and at smaller body sizes at the start of the juvenile life stage. The finding that density dependence occurred during the cool regime and at low population abundances suggests that a shift to a cool regime or extreme warm regime at higher population abundances could further reduce the marine growth of salmon and increase competition for resources. C1 [Martinson, Ellen C.; Helle, John H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Scarnecchia, Dennis L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Stokes, Houston H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Econ, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Martinson, EC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ellen.martinson@noaa.gov NR 69 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 370 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.3354/meps07665 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 377CP UT WOS:000261229600001 ER PT J AU Degerholm, J Gundersen, K Bergman, B Soderback, E AF Degerholm, Jenny Gundersen, Kjell Bergman, Birgitta Soderback, Erik TI Seasonal significance of N-2 fixation in coastal and offshore waters of the northwestern Baltic Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Baltic Sea; Aphanizomenon; nodularia; N-2 fixation; himmerfjarden ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS; DIAZOTROPHIC CYANOBACTERIA; PLANKTONIC CYANOBACTERIA; GAS VESICLES; PHYTOPLANKTON; PHOSPHORUS; RELEASE; TRICHODESMIUM AB Annual rates of N-2 fixation were measured over 3 yr (1998-2000) at an open water station (BY31) and 2 coastal stations (H4 and X1) in the Baltic Sea. This is the first report on depth-integrated rates of N-2 fixation from more than one complete growth season in the Baltic Sea. Annual estimates of N-2 fixation ranged from 56 000 to 125 000 t N in the Baltic Proper, and 18 000 to 162 000 t N at the inshore stations (Himmerfjarden). Rates of N-2 fixation were measured in situ at 4 depths between 0 and 25 m using the N-15 tracer technique for size fractionated organisms larger and smaller than 20 pm. Maximum rates of N2 fixation were found in surface waters (0 to 4 m depth), and a major part of this activity (80% in coastal and 89% in offshore waters) took place during daylight hours. Integrated rates of N-2 fixation in cells >20 mu m followed the average abundance of filamentous cyanobacteria (primarily Aphanizomenon sp.) in the water column. Molar C:N mass ratios in particles >20 mu m, i.e. filamentous cyanobacteria, suggest that this size fraction was N-sufficient during summer, whereas the molar C:P mass ratios indicated P-limitation during this period. A reduction in sewage discharge to the Himmerfjarden bay area during the study period appears not to have been compensated for by increased rates of N-2 fixation. The patchy distribution of cyanobacteria and the high seasonal variability in N-2 fixation rates emphasize the need for adequate spatial and temporal sampling strategies in studies of N-2 fixation in coastal and open waters of the Baltic Sea. C1 [Degerholm, Jenny; Gundersen, Kjell; Bergman, Birgitta; Soderback, Erik] Stockholm Univ, Dept Bot, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Degerholm, J (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, Dept Marine Sci, 1020 Balch Blvd, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM jenny.degerholm@sh.se NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 360 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.3354/meps07379 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 317WH UT WOS:000257050600007 ER PT J AU Matkin, CO Saulifis, EL Ellis, GM Olesiuk, P Rice, SD AF Matkin, C. O. Saulifis, E. L. Ellis, G. M. Olesiuk, P. Rice, S. D. TI Ongoing population-level impacts on killer whales Orcinus orca following the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE killer whales; 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill; EVOS; southern Alaska; fishery interactions; residents; transients ID SOUTHERN ALASKA; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR AB Killer whales were photographed in oil after the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill, but preliminary damage assessments did not definitively link mortalities to the spill and could not evaluate recovery. In this study, photo-identification methods were used to monitor 2 killer whale populations 5 yr prior to and for 16 yr after the spill. One resident pod, the AB Pod, and one transient population, the AT1 Group, suffered losses of 33 and 41%, respectively, in the year following the spill. Sixteen years after 1989, AB Pod had not recovered to pre-spill numbers. Moreover, its rate of increase was significantly less than that of other resident pods that did not decline at the time of the spill. The AT1 Group, which lost 9 members following the spill, continued to decline and is now listed as depleted under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. Although there may be other contributing factors, the loss of AT1 individuals, including reproductive-age females, accelerated the population's trajectory toward extinction. The synchronous losses of unprecedented numbers of killer whales from 2 ecologically and genetically separate groups and the absence of other obvious perturbations strengthens the link between the mortalities and lack of recovery, and the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill. C1 [Matkin, C. O.; Saulifis, E. L.] N Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Matkin, C. O.] Alaska Sea Life Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Ellis, G. M.; Olesiuk, P.] Pacific Biol Stn, Dept Fisheries & Ocean, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Rice, S. D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Matkin, CO (reprint author), N Gulf Ocean Soc, 3430 Main St,Suite B1, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM cmatkin@acsalaska.net NR 56 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 8 U2 153 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 356 BP 269 EP 281 DI 10.3354/meps07273 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 288CN UT WOS:000254963900023 ER PT J AU Mountain, D Green, J Sibunka, J Johnson, D AF Mountain, D. Green, J. Sibunka, J. Johnson, D. TI Growth and mortality of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua and haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus eggs and larvae on Georges Bank, 1995 to 1999 SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic cod; Gadus morhua; haddock; Melanogrammus aeglefinus; larvae; growth; mortality ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; TRENDS; GULF; FISH; ABUNDANCE; MAINE; WATER; DISTRIBUTIONS; ZOOPLANKTON AB The egg and larval stages of the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua and haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus populations on Georges Bank, northeastern USA, were sampled monthly from February through July in 1995 and January through June in 1996 to 1999 as part of the US GLOBEC Georges Bank program. The eggs were staged by means of microscopic examination. Larvae were aged by otolith increment analysis. Seasonally averaged rates of egg mortality were estimated for both species and ranged from 9.9 to 20.4 % d(-1) for cod and 7.8 to 13.4 % d(-1) for haddock. From the results of a simple drift model, the interannual variability in egg mortality rate is believed to be due largely to wind-driven transport off the southern side of the bank. The estimated number of hatched eggs is strongly correlated with the subsequent recruitment for both the Atlantic cod and haddock stocks. Mortality during the early larval period was estimated for 10 d cohorts within each year, based on the decrease in abundance from egg hatching to the first sampling of the cohort on a survey, when the larvae were on average about 15 d old. For both species, these rates were slowly varying between cohorts within a season, but showed large variation between years. For the 1995 to 1996 period, the annual average mortality rate was about 6.3% d(-1) for cod and 10. 1 % d(-1) for haddock, whereas in 1998 to 1999 the values were 3.9 % d(-1) for cod and 5.4 % d(-1) for haddock. The lower mortality rates in 1998 to 1999 are believed to be due to higher prey abundance for the larvae in those years. From the larval stage to stock recruitment, haddock appeared to have a survival rate (recruits per larvae) 3 times higher than that for Atlantic cod. C1 [Mountain, D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Green, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Sibunka, J.; Johnson, D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Mountain, D (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dmountain@capecod.net NR 54 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 353 BP 225 EP 242 DI 10.3354/meps07176 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 261VF UT WOS:000253107400020 ER PT J AU Sigler, MF Lunsford, CR Straley, JM Liddle, JB AF Sigler, Michael F. Lunsford, Chris R. Straley, Janice M. Liddle, Joseph B. TI Sperm whale depredation of sablefish longline gear in the northeast Pacific Ocean SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sperm whale; Physeter macrocephalus; depredation; sablefish; longline fishery ID PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; ORCINUS-ORCA; SOUTH GEORGIA; KILLER WHALES; FISHERY; SEA AB Interactions between marine mammals and fisheries include competition for prey (catch), marine mammal entanglement in fishing gear, and catch removal off fishing gear (depredation). We estimated the magnitude of sperm whale depredation on a major North Pacific longline fishery (sablefish) using data collected during annual longline surveys. Sperm whale depredation occurs while the longline gear is off-bottom during retrieval. Sperm whales were observed on 16% of longline survey sampling days, mostly (95% of sightings) over the continental slope. Sightings were most common in the central and eastern Gulf of Alaska (98% of sightings), occasional in the western Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands, and absent in the Bering Sea. Longline survey catches were commonly preyed upon when sperm whales were present (65% of sightings), as evidenced by damaged fish. Neither sperm whale presence (P= 0.71) nor depredation rate (P = 0.78) increased significantly from 1998 to 2004. Longline survey catch rates were about 2% less at locations where depredation was observed, but the effect was not significant (P = 0.34). Estimated sperm whale depredation was < 1% of the annual sablefish longline fishery catch off Alaska during 1998 to 2004. C1 [Sigler, Michael F.; Lunsford, Chris R.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Straley, Janice M.; Liddle, Joseph B.] Univ Alaska SE, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. RP Sigler, MF (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mike.sigler@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 16 EP 27 DI 10.1111/j.1748.7692.2007.00149.x PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 262AN UT WOS:000253121500002 ER PT S AU Corcoran, MF AF Corcoran, M. F. BE Benaglias, P TI ETA CARINAE AND OTHER LUMINOUS BLUE VARIABLES SO MASSIVE STARS: FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS AND CIRCUMSTELLAR INTERACTIONS SE REVISTA MEXICANA DE ASTRONOMIA Y ASTROFISICA, SERIE DE CONFERENCIAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Massive Stars - Fundamental Parameters and Circumstellar Interactions CY DEC 11-14, 2006 CL Carilo, ARGENTINA SP Fac Cienc Astron Geofis Plata, Agenc Nacl Promac Cientif Tecnol, Consejo Nacl Invest Cientif Tecn, Fund Avance Cienc Astron, Inst Astronomia, Univ Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astronom Plata, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys DE binaries: general; stars: early-type; stars: evolution; stars: individual (Eta Carinae); stars: mass loss; x-rays: stars ID COMPANION AB Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs) are believed to be evolved, extremely massive stars close to the Eddington Limit and hence prone to bouts of large-scale, unstable mass loss. I discuss current understanding of the evolutionary state of these objects, the role duplicity may play and known physical characteristics of these stars using the X-ray luminous LBVs Eta Carinae and HD 5980 as test cases. C1 [Corcoran, M. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Corcoran, MF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO INSTITUTO ASTRONOMIA PI MEXICO CITY PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-264, MEXICO CITY 04510, MEXICO SN 1405-2059 BN 978-970-32-5296-1 J9 REV MEX AST ASTR PY 2008 VL 33 BP 123 EP 128 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIK97 UT WOS:000260449300042 ER PT S AU Amzajerdian, F AF Amzajerdian, Farzin BE Aksnes, A Amzajerdian, F TI Role of Lidar Technology in Future NASA Space Missions SO MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR LASER REMOTE SENSING AND OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials and Devices for Laser Remote Sensing and Optical Communication held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-27, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB The past success of lidar instruments in space combined with potentials of laser remote sensing techniques in improving measurements traditionally performed by other instrument technologies and in enabling new measurements have expanded the role of lidar technology in future NASA missions. Compared with passive optical and active radar/microwave instruments, lidar systems produce substantially more accurate and precise data without reliance on natural light sources and with much greater spatial resolution. NASA pursues lidar technology not only as science instruments, providing atmospherics and surface topography data of Earth and other solar system bodies, but also as viable guidance and navigation sensors for space vehicles. This paper summarizes the current NASA lidar missions and describes the lidar systems being considered for deployment in space in the near future. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Amzajerdian, F (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-046-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1076 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BIO96 UT WOS:000261430300001 ER PT S AU Shaw, GB Yu, AW Novo-Gradac, AMD AF Shaw, George B. Yu, Anthony W. Novo-Gradac, Anne-Marie D. BE Aksnes, A Amzajerdian, F TI Development Effort of the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter Laser Transmitter SO MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR LASER REMOTE SENSING AND OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials and Devices for Laser Remote Sensing and Optical Communication held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-27, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID ND-YAG; MISSION AB The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) is one of six instruments on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) with the objectives to determine the global topography of the lunar surface at high resolution, measure landing site slopes and search for polar ices in shadowed regions. ne LOLA laser transmitter is a passively Q-switched crossed-Porro resonator. The flight laser beryllium bench houses two oscillators (a primary oscillator and a cold spare). The two oscillators are designed to operate sequentially during the mission. The secondary laser will be turned on if the primary laser can no longer provide adequate scientific data products. All components used in the laser have space flight heritage. In this paper we will summarize the development effort of the LOLA laser including the material choice, design criteria and contamination control as applied to the flight laser build. C1 [Shaw, George B.; Yu, Anthony W.; Novo-Gradac, Anne-Marie D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electroopt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Shaw, GB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electroopt Branch, Mail Code 554, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-046-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1076 BP 27 EP 33 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BIO96 UT WOS:000261430300004 ER PT S AU Gunapala, S Bandara, S Hill, C Ting, D Liu, J Mumolo, J Keo, S Blazejewski, E AF Gunapala, Sarath Bandara, Sumith Hill, Cory Ting, David Liu, John Mumolo, Jason Keo, Sam Blazejewski, Edward BE Aksnes, A Amzajerdian, F TI Quantum Well and Quantum Dot Based Detector Arrays for Infrared Imaging SO MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR LASER REMOTE SENSING AND OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials and Devices for Laser Remote Sensing and Optical Communication held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-27, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID FOCAL-PLANE ARRAY AB Mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) 320x256 pixel quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) dualband focal plane arrays (FPAs) have been demonstrated with excellent imagery. Currently, we are developing a 1024x1024 pixel simultaneous pixel co-registered dualband QWIP FPA. In addition, epitaxially grown self-assembled InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) are exploited for the development of large-format FPAs. The Dot-in-a-Well (DWELL) structures were experimentally shown to absorb both 45 degrees and normal incident light, therefore a reflection grating structure was used to enhance the quantum efficiency. The devices exhibit peak responsivity out to 8.1 microns, with peak detectivity reaching similar to 1 x 10(10) Jones at 77 K. The devices were fabricated into the first LWIR 640x512 pixel QDIP FPA, which has produced excellent infrared imagery with the NETD of 40 mK at 60K operating temperature. C1 [Gunapala, Sarath; Bandara, Sumith; Hill, Cory; Ting, David; Liu, John; Mumolo, Jason; Keo, Sam; Blazejewski, Edward] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gunapala, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-046-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1076 BP 133 EP 145 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BIO96 UT WOS:000261430300015 ER PT S AU Abedin, MN Refaat, TF Sulima, OV Amzajerdian, F AF Abedin, M. Nurul Refaat, Tamer F. Sulima, Oleg V. Amzajerdian, Farzin BE Aksnes, A Amzajerdian, F TI Infrared Detector Activities at NASA Langley Research Center SO MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR LASER REMOTE SENSING AND OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials and Devices for Laser Remote Sensing and Optical Communication held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-27, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID ALGAASSB/INGAASSB PHOTOTRANSISTORS; MU-M; RANGE; GAIN AB Infrared detector development and characterization at NASA Langley Research Center will be reviewed. These detectors were intended for ground, airborne, and space home remote sensing applications. Discussion will be focused on recently developed single-element infrared detector and future development of near-infrared focal plane arrays (FPA). The FPA will be applied to next generation space-based instruments. These activities are based on phototransistor and avalanche photodiode technologies, which offer high internal gain and relatively low noise-equivalent-power. These novel devices will improve the sensitivity of active remote sensing instruments while eliminating the need for a high power laser transmitter. C1 [Abedin, M. Nurul] NASA LaRC, RSFSB, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Abedin, MN (reprint author), NASA LaRC, RSFSB, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-046-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1076 BP 147 EP 153 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BIO96 UT WOS:000261430300016 ER PT J AU Abdul-Aziz, A AF Abdul-Aziz, Ali TI Integrating NDT with Computational Methods Such as Finite Element SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION; THERMOGRAPHY C1 NASA, Opt Instrumentat & NDE Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Abdul-Aziz, A (reprint author), NASA, Opt Instrumentat & NDE Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 6-1,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM ali.abdul-aziz-1@nasa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 373NH UT WOS:000260978200002 ER PT J AU Abdul-Aziz, A AF Abdul-Aziz, Ali TI Finite Element Analysis and Nondestructive Testing: An Introduction to the Technical Focus Issue SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NASA, Opt Instrumentat & NDE Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Abdul-Aziz, A (reprint author), NASA, Opt Instrumentat & NDE Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 6-1,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM ali.abdul-aziz-1@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 51 EP 52 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 373NH UT WOS:000260978200005 ER PT J AU Notarberardino, B Young, P Walker, B Abdul-Aziz, A Seidler, G AF Notarberardino, B. Young, P. Walker, B. Abdul-Aziz, A. Seidler, G. TI Image Based Simulation of Large Strain Deformation of Open Celled Foams SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE foam; large strains; elastoplastic; densification regime; image based meshing; finite element ID LINEAR ELASTIC PROPERTIES AB Open celled foams are used in many industrial applications and are commonly found in natural biological structures. Analytical models and experimental tests have been carried out by a number of materials scientists to gain an understanding of the influence the parent material properties and the architecture of the foam have on the resultant foam effective properties. Generally, computational modeling offers the prospect of providing a deeper understanding than experimental tests. Computational modeling tends to provide realistic results with a clear sense of comprehending the systematic mechanisms governing the foam behavior. However, difficulties are encountered when meshing the complex topologies of actual foams. With the advancement in computed tomography scanning and 3D image processing, these barriers have been overcome to generate high fidelity 3D models of complex foam microstructures. In the present study, an image based meshing approach is used to obtain geometrically and topologically accurate finite element meshes of open celled foams based on 3D imaging data. The finite element models were used in an explicit general purpose code to characterize the quasistatic and dynamic stress/strain behavior of foams under various compression velocities for both linear elastic and elastoplastic parent material properties from small strain to strains well into the densification regime. Both end-plate contacts and general foam-to-foam contact of the cell walls with sliding effects were considered. C1 [Notarberardino, B.; Young, P.] Univ Exeter, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Walker, B.] Arup Campus, Solihull B90 8AE, W Midlands, England. [Abdul-Aziz, A.] Cleveland State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Seidler, G.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Notarberardino, B (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Harrison Bldg,N Pk Rd, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. EM bn206@exeter.ac.uk; philippe.g.young@exeter.ac.uk; brain.walker@arup.com; ali.abdul-aziz-1@grc.nasa.gov; seidler@phys.washington.edu RI Seidler, Gerald/I-6974-2012 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 373NH UT WOS:000260978200007 ER PT J AU Kojima, J Nguyen, QV AF Kojima, Jun Nguyen, Quang-Viet TI Single-shot rotational Raman thermometry for turbulent flames using a low-resolution bandwidth technique SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE combustion diagnostics; laser diagnostics; Raman spectroscopy; thermometry; multiscalar measurements; fuel-air mixing ID RAYLEIGH-LIF MEASUREMENTS; TURBINE MODEL COMBUSTOR; SIMULTANEOUS TEMPERATURE; LASER-LIGHT; NARROW-BAND; SCATTERING; PRESSURE; SPECTROSCOPY; NM AB An alternative optical thermometry technique that utilizes the low-resolution (order 10(1) cm(-1)) pure-rotational spontaneous Raman scattering of air is developed to aid single-shot multiscalar measurements in turbulent combustion studies. Temperature measurements are realized by correlating the measured envelope bandwidth of the pure-rotational manifold of the N-2/O-2 spectrum with a theoretical prediction of a species-weighted bandwidth. By coupling this thermometry technique with conventional vibrational Raman scattering for species determination, we demonstrate quantitative spatially resolved, single-shot measurements of the temperature and fuel/oxidizer concentrations in a high-pressure turbulent CH4-air flame. Our technique provides not only an effective means of validating other temperature measurement methods, but also serves as a secondary thermometry technique in cases where the anti-Stokes vibrational N-2 Raman signals are too low for a conventional vibrational temperature analysis. C1 [Kojima, Jun] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44136 USA. [Nguyen, Quang-Viet] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Kojima, J (reprint author), Ohio Aerosp Inst, 22800 Cedar Point Rd, Cleveland, OH 44136 USA. EM Jun.Kojima@grc.nasa.gov; Quang-Viet.Nguyen@nasa.gov NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 1 AR 015406 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/19/1/015406 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 265UT UT WOS:000253387500023 ER PT S AU Salem, J Zhu, DM AF Salem, Jonathan Zhu, Dongming BE LaraCurzio, E TI A Collection of Papers Presented at the 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites January 21-26, 2007 Daytona Beach, Florida Introduction SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc C1 [Salem, Jonathan; Zhu, Dongming] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Salem, J (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19633-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP XIII EP XIV PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BSN06 UT WOS:000284980500001 ER PT S AU Ojard, G Calomino, A Morscher, G Gowayed, Y Santhosh, U Ahmad, J Miller, R John, R AF Ojard, G. Calomino, A. Morscher, G. Gowayed, Y. Santhosh, U. Ahmad, J. Miller, R. John, R. BE LaraCurzio, E TI POST CREEP/DWELL FATIGUE TESTING OF MI SIC/SIC COMPOSITES SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB As increased Interest is seen in high performance ceramic matrix composites, residual capability of the material after exposure to the environment needs to be measured Residual tensile testing was earned out on a series of previously tested creep and dwell fatigue samples obtained from several lots of melt infiltrated SiC/SiC composite panels Most of the time-dependent testing was done at 1204 degrees C but tests were also done at other temperatures of interest at a wide range of stresses and durations It was found that the average strain to failure for the samples was 0 5% for the as received tensile tests, during failure of creep tests or as a summation of creep strain and strain of residual tensile tests C1 [Ojard, G.; Miller, R.] Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT USA. [Ojard, G.; Miller, R.] Pratt & Whitney, Hartford, CT USA. [Calomino, A.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Morscher, G.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH USA. [Ahmad, J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL USA. [Gowayed, Y.; Ahmad, J.] Res Appl Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Ojard, G (reprint author), Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT USA. FU Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory [F33615-01 -C-5234, F33615-03-D-2354-DO4] FX The Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory under contract F33615-01 -C-5234 and contract F33615-03-D-2354-DO4 sponsored portions o f this work NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19633-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 135 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BSN06 UT WOS:000284980500014 ER PT S AU Halbig, MC Singh, M Shpargel, T Kiser, JD AF Halbig, Michael C. Singh, Mrityunjay Shpargel, Tarah Kiser, James D. BE LaraCurzio, E TI DIFFUSION BONDING OF SILICON CARBIDE FOR MEMS LDI APPLICATIONS SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID THERMAL-EXPANSION ANISOTROPY; CERAMICS; SILICIDES; JOINTS; TI5SI3 AB A robust joining approach is critically needed for a Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems-Lean Direct Injector (MEMS LDI) application which requires leak free joints with high temperature mechanical capability Diffusion bonding is well suited for the MEMS LDI application Diffusion bonds were fabricated using titanium interlayers between silicon carbide substrates during hot pressing The interlayers consisted of either alloyed titanium foil or physically vapor deposited (PVD) titanium coatings Microscopy shows that well adhered, crack free diffusion bonds are formed under optimal conditions Under less than optimal conditions, microcracks are present in the bond layer due to the formation of intermetallic phases Electron microprobe analysis was used to identify the reaction formed phases in the diffusion bond Various compatibility issues among the phases in the interlayer and substrate are discussed Also the effects of temperature pressure time silicon carbide substrate type and type of titanium interlayer and thickness on the microstructure and composition of Joints are discussed C1 [Halbig, Michael C.] USA, Res Lab, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Halbig, MC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19633-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 491 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BSN06 UT WOS:000284980500049 ER PT B AU Schuecker, C Pettermann, HE AF Schuecker, Clara Pettermann, Heinz E. BE Camanho, PP Davila, CG Pinho, ST Remmers, JJC TI Combining Elastic Brittle Damage with Plasticity to Model the Non-linear Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Laminates SO MECHANICAL RESPONSE OF COMPOSITES SE Computational Methods in Applied Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites CY SEP 12-14, 2007 CL Univ Porto, Oporto, PORTUGAL SP ECCOMAS HO Univ Porto ID TRANSVERSE COMPRESSION; PART I; COMPOSITE; STRESS; SHEAR; MATRIX; MECHANISMS; CRITERION; CRACKING; TENSION AB The present work is concerned with modeling the non-linear behavior of continuous fiber reinforced laminates with a special emphasis on loading conditions that lead to high ply shear stresses. Typically, the modeling of non-linear laminate behavior focuses on damage mechanics approaches and assumes that the non-linearity is caused by brittle matrix cracking. Based on the correlation of experimental data and modeling results, this assumption seems to hold true for load cases in which layers experience mainly tensile stresses. Under shear dominated loads, however, it has been found that the agreement between tests and model predictions is less satisfactory. Additionally, considerable permanent strains develop under such loading conditions that cannot be explained by brittle mechanisms alone. Here, a model is presented that combines damage mechanics with a plasticity law to capture both degradation of stiffness due to cracking and residual strains accumulated under shear loads. It is assumed that damage starts to develop close to the first ply failure load and any non-linear behavior prior to the onset of damage is attributed to plastic shear strains. Predictions of the model are compared to experimental data and are shown to give improved correlation to experiments under shear dominated loading. By taking residual stresses into account, the model is also able to explain discrepancies in the shear behavior derived from two different test methods. Furthermore, the combined damage/plasticity model captures the accumulation of residual strains, the non-linear behavior observed in uniaxial transverse compression tests, and the influence of transverse normal stress on the non-linear shear behavior reported in the literature. C1 [Schuecker, Clara] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Postdoctoral Program, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Pettermann, Heinz E.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Lightweight Design & Structural Biomech, Network Mat & Engn, AAR, Vienna, Austria. RP Schuecker, C (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Postdoctoral Program, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM schuecker@ilsb.tuwien.ac.at; pettermann@ilsb.tuwien.ac.at FU Austrian Aeronautics Research (AAR)/Network for Materials and Engineering by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Economics and Labor; NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Langley Research Center FX The funding of the Austrian Aeronautics Research (AAR)/Network for Materials and Engineering by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Economics and Labor is gratefully acknowledged. Part of the research was supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Langley Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities. The authors would also like to thank Gerald Pinter of PCCL Polymer Competence Center Leoben, Austria, for providing experimental data. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-4020-8583-3 J9 COMPUT METH APPL SCI PY 2008 VL 10 BP 99 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BIL47 UT WOS:000260496900005 ER PT S AU Kaul, AB Manohara, HM AF Kaul, A. B. Manohara, H. M. GP IEEE TI Low power, wide dynamic range carbon nanotube vacuum gauges SO MEMS 2008: 21ST IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE PROCEEDINGS: IEEE MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2008) CY JAN 13-17, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc ID HIGH-FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS; SILICON AB We present carbon nanotube vacuum gauges that operate at low power (nW-mu W) and exhibit a wide-dynamic range (760 Torr - 10(-6) Torr). Pressure sensitivity was found to increase rapidly as the bias power was increased. In addition, by etching part of the thermal SiO(2) beneath the tubes and minimizing heat conduction through the substrate, pressure sensitivity was extended toward lower pressures. Results are compared to a conventional thin film meander resistor, which was fabricated and whose pressure response was also measured for comparative purposes. C1 [Kaul, A. B.; Manohara, H. M.] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kaul, AB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4244-1792-6 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2008 BP 156 EP 159 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHH75 UT WOS:000253356900039 ER PT S AU Rao, SR Wallace, JK Samuele, R Chakrabarti, S Cook, T Hicks, B Jung, P Lane, B Levine, BM Mendillo, C Schmidtlin, E Shao, M Stewart, JB AF Rao, Shanti R. Wallace, J. Kent Samuele, Rocco Chakrabarti, Supriya Cook, Timothy Hicks, Brian Jung, Paul Lane, Benjamin Levine, B. Martin Mendillo, Chris Schmidtlin, Edouard Shao, Mike Stewart, Jason B. BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, JA TI Path length control in a nulling coronagraph with a MEMS deformable mirror and a calibration interferometer - art. no. 68880B SO MEMS ADAPTIVE OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics II CY JAN 22-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Boston Univ, Photonics Ctr, Ctr Adapt Opt DE nulling coronagraph; extrasolar planet; calibration interferometer; MEMS adaptive optics; deformable mirror ID PLANET DETECTION; SEARCH AB We report progress on a nulling coronagraph intended for direct imaging of extrasolar planets. White light is suppressed in an interferometer, and phase errors are measured by a second interferometer. A 1020-pixel MEMS deformable mirror in the first interferometer adjusts the path length across the pupil. A feedback control system reduces deflections of the deformable mirror to order of 1 nm rms. C1 [Rao, Shanti R.; Wallace, J. Kent; Levine, B. Martin; Shao, Mike] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Rao, SR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7063-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6888 BP B8880 EP B8880 DI 10.1117/12.763652 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHS47 UT WOS:000255942700008 ER PT J AU Zolensky, M Nakamura-Messenger, K Fletcher, L See, T AF Zolensky, Michael Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko Fletcher, Lisa See, Thomas TI Curation, spacecraft recovery, and preliminary examination for the Stardust mission: A perspective from the curatorial facility SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; COMET 81P/WILD-2; AEROGEL COLLECTORS; SILICA AEROGEL; THIN-SECTIONS; SAMPLES; EXTRACTION AB We describe briefly some of the challenges to the Stardust mission, curation, and sample preliminary analysis from the perspective of the Curation Office at the Johnson Space Center. Our goal is to inform persons planning future sample returns so that they may learn from both our successes and challenges (and avoid some of our mistakes). The Curation Office played a role in the mission from its inception, most critically assisting in the design and implementation of the spacecraft contamination control plan, and in planning and documenting the recovery of the spacecraft re-entry capsule in Utah. A unique class 100 cleanroom was built to maintain the returned comet and interstellar samples in clean comfort, and to permit dissection and allocation of samples for analysis. C1 [Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko; See, Thomas] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Engn & Sci Contract Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Zolensky, M (reprint author), KT NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM michael.e.zolensky@nasa.gov NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 5 EP 21 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400001 ER PT J AU Burchell, MJ Fairey, SAJ Wozniakiewicz, P Brownlee, DE Hoerz, F Kearsley, AT See, TH Tsou, P Westphal, A Green, SF Trigo-Rodriguez, JM Dominguez, G AF Burchell, M. J. Fairey, S. A. J. Wozniakiewicz, P. Brownlee, D. E. Hoerz, F. Kearsley, A. T. See, T. H. Tsou, P. Westphal, A. Green, S. F. Trigo-Rodriguez, J. M. Dominguez, G. TI Characteristics of cometary dust tracks in Stardust aerogel and laboratory calibrations SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT; INTERPLANETARY DUST; ALUMINUM FOILS; 81P/WILD-2; SPACECRAFT; RESIDUES; FEATURES; CAPTURE; COMA AB The cometary tray of the NASA Stardust spacecraft's aerogel collector was examined to study the dust captured during the 2004 flyby of comet 81P/Wild 2. An optical scan of the entire collector surface revealed 256 impact features in the aerogel (width >100 mu m). Twenty aerogel blocks (out of a total of 132) were removed from the collector tray for a higher resolution optical scan and 186 tracks were observed (track length >50 mu m and width >8 mu m). The impact features were classified into three types based on their morphology. Laboratory calibrations were conducted that reproduced all three types. This work suggests that the cometary dust consisted of some cohesive, relatively strong particles as well as particles with a more friable or low cohesion matrix containing smaller strong grains. The calibrations also permitted a particle size distribution to be estimated for the cometary dust. We estimate that approximately 1200 particles bigger than 1 mu m struck the aerogel. The cumulative size distribution of the captured particles was obtained and compared with observations made by active dust detectors during the encounter. At large sizes (>20 mu m) all measures of the dust are compatible, but at micrometer scales and smaller discrepancies exist between the various measurement systems that may reflect structure in the dust flux (streams, clusters etc.) along with some possible instrument effects. C1 [Burchell, M. J.; Fairey, S. A. J.] Univ Kent, Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. [Wozniakiewicz, P.; Kearsley, A. T.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Brownlee, D. E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hoerz, F.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [See, T. H.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ESCG, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Tsou, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Westphal, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Green, S. F.] Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Trigo-Rodriguez, J. M.] Fac Ciencies, CSIC, Inst Space Sci, Bellaterra 08913, Spain. [Dominguez, G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Trigo-Rodriguez, J. M.] Inst Estudies Espacials Catalunya IEEC, Barcelona 08034, Spain. RP Burchell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Kent, Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. EM M.J.Burchell@kent.ac.uk RI Green, Simon/C-7408-2009; OI Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943 NR 27 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 9 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 40 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400002 ER PT J AU Kearsley, AT Borg, J Graham, GA Burchell, MJ Cole, MJ Leroux, H Bridges, JC Horz, F Wozniakiewicz, PJ Bland, PA Bradley, JP Dai, ZR Teslich, N See, T Hoppe, P Heck, PR Huth, J Stadermann, FJ Floss, C Marhas, K Stephan, T Leitner, J AF Kearsley, A. T. Borg, J. Graham, G. A. Burchell, M. J. Cole, M. J. Leroux, H. Bridges, J. C. Hoerz, F. Wozniakiewicz, P. J. Bland, P. A. Bradley, J. P. Dai, Z. R. Teslich, N. See, T. Hoppe, P. Heck, P. R. Huth, J. Stadermann, F. J. Floss, C. Marhas, K. Stephan, T. Leitner, J. TI Dust from comet Wild 2: Interpreting particle size, shape, structure, and composition from impact features on the Stardust aluminum foils SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-SYSTEM; HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT; INTERPLANETARY DUST; 81P/WILD-2; CRATERS; PROJECTILES; TARGETS; SAMPLES; MORPHOLOGY; GRAINS AB Aluminum foils of the Stardust cometary dust collector are peppered with impact features of a wide range of sizes and shapes. By comparison to laboratory shots of known particle dimensions and density, using the same velocity and incidence geometry as the Stardust Wild 2 encounter, we can derive size and mass of the cometary dust grains. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of foil samples (both flown on the mission and impacted in the laboratory) we have recognized a range of impact feature shapes from which we interpret particle density and internal structure. We have documented composition of crater residues, including stoichiometric material in 3 of 7 larger craters, by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Wild 2 dust grains include coarse (>10 mu m) mafic silicate grains, some dominated by a single mineral species of density around 3-4 g cm(-3) (such as olivine). Other grains were porous, low-density aggregates from a few nanometers to 100 mu m, with an overall density that may be lower than I g cm-3, containing mixtures of silicates and sulfides and possibly both alkali-rich and mafic glass. The mineral assemblage is very similar to the most common species reported from aerogel tracks. In one large aggregate crater, the combined diverse residue composition is similar to CI chondrites. The foils are a unique collecting substrate, revealing that the most abundant Wild 2 dust grains were of sub-micrometer size and of complex internal structure. Impact residues in Stardust foil craters will be a valuable resource for future analyses of cometary dust. C1 [Kearsley, A. T.; Wozniakiewicz, P. J.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Impacts & Astromat Res Ctr, London SW7 5BD, England. [Borg, J.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, UMR8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Graham, G. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Burchell, M. J.; Cole, M. J.] Univ Kent, Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. [Leroux, H.] Univ Lille, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Bridges, J. C.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Hoerz, F.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Wozniakiewicz, P. J.; Bland, P. A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, Impacts & Astromat Res Ctr, London SW7 2AZ, England. [See, T.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Engn & Sci Contract Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Hoppe, P.; Heck, P. R.; Huth, J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Particle Chem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Stadermann, F. J.; Floss, C.; Marhas, K.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Stephan, T.; Leitner, J.] Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RP Kearsley, AT (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Impacts & Astromat Res Ctr, London SW7 5BD, England. EM antk@nhm.ac.uk RI Appourchaux, Thierry/F-4692-2010; Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Heck, Philipp/C-6092-2012; Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; OI Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943 NR 40 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 73 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400003 ER PT J AU Marcus, MA Fakra, S Westphal, AJ Snead, CJ Keller, LP Kearsley, A Burchell, MJ AF Marcus, Matthew A. Fakra, Sirine Westphal, Andrew J. Snead, Christopher J. Keller, Lindsay P. Kearsley, Anton Burchell, Mark J. TI Smelting of Fe-bearing glass during hypervelocity capture in aerogel SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; COLLECTORS; STARDUST; GRAINS; ORIGIN; IMPACT; XANES AB Hypervelocity capture of material in aeroget can expose particles to high transient temperatures. We tested some of the possible effects of capture by using a light-gas gun to shoot particles of basalt glass into aerogel at 6.1 km s(-1). Using synchrotron-based micro-X-ray absorption spectroscopy ( mu XAS), we find that the starting material, in which the Fe was trivalent, is chemically reduced to divalent. In addition, some fragments were chemically reduced so that they contained Fe-0 in a form spectroscopically consistent with a mixture of two forms of iron carbide (cohenite and haxonite). The carbon presumably originated from organic impurities in the aerogel. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) imaging shows the presence of Fe-rich crystalline nanoparticles. A similar species has been found in actual Stardust material, suggesting that "smelting" effects occurred during capture and should be taken into account when interpreting data on Stardust samples. C1 [Marcus, Matthew A.; Fakra, Sirine] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Westphal, Andrew J.; Snead, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keller, Lindsay P.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Burchell, Mark J.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. [Kearsley, Anton] Nat Hist Museum, London SWY75BD, England. RP Marcus, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mamarcus@lbl.gov OI Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 96 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400005 ER PT J AU Leroux, H Rietmeijer, FJM Velbel, MA Brearley, AJ Jacob, D Langenhorst, F Bridges, JC Zega, TJ Stroud, RM Cordier, P Harvey, RP Lee, M Gounelle, M Zolensky, ME AF Leroux, Hugues Rietmeijer, Frans J. M. Velbel, Michael A. Brearley, Adrian J. Jacob, Damien Langenhorst, Falko Bridges, John C. Zega, Thomas J. Stroud, Rhonda M. Cordier, Patrick Harvey, Ralph P. Lee, Martin Gounelle, Matthieu Zolensky, Mike E. TI A TEM study of thermally modified comet 81P/Wild 2 dust particles by interactions with the aerogel matrix during the Stardust capture process SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; SILICA AEROGEL; HYPERVELOCITY PARTICLES; COMPRESSED AEROGELS; IMPACT FEATURES; INTERPLANETARY; SHOCK; IDENTIFICATION; CONDENSATION; EVOLUTION AB We report the results of high-resolution, analytical and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), including intensive element mapping, of severely thermally modified dust from comet 81P/Wild 2 caught in the silica aerogel capture cells of the Stardust mission. Thermal interactions during capture caused widespread melting of cometary silicates, Fe-Ni-S phases, and the aerogel. The characteristic assemblage of thermally modified material consists of a vesicular, silica-rich glass matrix with abundant Fe-Ni-S droplets, the latter of which exhibit a distinct core-mantle structure with a metallic Fe,Ni core and a iron-sulfide rim. Within the glassy matrix, the elemental distribution is highly heterogeneous. Localized amorphous "dust-rich" patches contain Mg, Al, and Ca in higher abundances and suggest incomplete mixing of silicate progenitors with molten aerogel. In some cases, the element distribution within these patches seems to depict the outlines of ghost mineral assemblages, allowing the reconstruction of the original mineralogy. A few crystalline silicates survived with alteration limited to the grain rims. The Fe- and CI-normalized bulk composition derived from several sections show CI-chondrite relative abundances for Mg, Al, S, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni. The data indicate a 5 to 15% admixture of fine-grained chondritic comet dust with the silica glass matrix. These strongly thermally modified samples could have originated from a fine-grained primitive material, loosely bound Wild 2 dust aggregates, which were heated and melted more efficiently than the relatively coarse-grained material of the crystalline particles found elsewhere in many of the same Stardust aerogel tracks (Zolensky et al. 2006). C1 [Leroux, Hugues; Jacob, Damien; Cordier, Patrick] Univ Sci & Tech Lille Flandres Artois, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, UMR 8008, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Rietmeijer, Frans J. M.; Brearley, Adrian J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Velbel, Michael A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Langenhorst, Falko] Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-07749 Jena, Germany. [Bridges, John C.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Zega, Thomas J.; Stroud, Rhonda M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Harvey, Ralph P.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Lee, Martin] Univ Glasgow, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Gounelle, Matthieu] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Lab Etude Matiere Extraterrestre, USM 0205 LEME, F-75005 Paris, France. [Zolensky, Mike E.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Leroux, H (reprint author), Univ Sci & Tech Lille Flandres Artois, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, UMR 8008, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. EM Hugues.Leroux@univ-lille.fr RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Cordier, Patrick/D-2357-2012; Lee, Martin/D-9169-2011 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Cordier, Patrick/0000-0002-1883-2994; Lee, Martin/0000-0002-6004-3622 NR 47 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 120 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400006 ER PT J AU Leroux, H Stroud, RM Dai, ZR Graham, GA Troadec, D Bradley, JP Teslich, N Borg, J Kearsley, AT Hoerz, F AF Leroux, Hugues Stroud, Rhonda M. Dai, Zu Rong Graham, Giles A. Troadec, David Bradley, John P. Teslich, Nick Borg, Janet Kearsley, Anton T. Hoerz, Friedrich TI Transmission electron microscopy of cometary residues from micron-sized craters in the Stardust Al foils SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; SPECTRAL IMAGES; IMPACT FEATURES; ALUMINUM FOILS; 81P/WILD-2; TARGETS; AEROGEL; SAMPLES; DUST AB We report transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations of micro-craters that originated from hypervelocity impacts of comet 81P/Wild 2 dust particles on the aluminium foil of the Stardust collector. The craters were selected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and then prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) milling techniques in order to provide electron transparent cross-sections for TEM studies. The crater residues contain both amorphous and crystalline materials in varying proportions and compositions. The amorphous component is interpreted as resulting from shock melting during the impact and the crystalline phases as relict minerals. The latter show evidence for shock metamorphism. Based on the residue morphology and the compositional variation, the impacting particles are inferred to have been dominated by mixtures of submicron olivine, pyroxene and Fe sulfide grains, in agreement with prior results of relatively coarse-grained mineral assemblages in the aerogel collector. C1 [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, UMR CNRS 8008, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Stroud, Rhonda M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dai, Zu Rong; Graham, Giles A.; Bradley, John P.; Teslich, Nick] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Troadec, David] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, UMR CNRS 8520, Inst Elect Microelect & Nanotechnol, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Borg, Janet] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Borg, Janet] CNRS, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Kearsley, Anton T.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Impacts & Astromat Res Ctr, London SW7 5BD, England. [Hoerz, Friedrich] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, KR Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Leroux, H (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol Lille, UMR CNRS 8008, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. EM Hughes.Leroux@univ-lille1.fr RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Appourchaux, Thierry/F-4692-2010; Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 160 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400009 ER PT J AU Leitner, J Stephan, T Kearsley, AT Hoerz, F Flynn, GJ Sandford, SA AF Leitner, Jan Stephan, Thomas Kearsley, Anton T. Hoerz, Friedrich Flynn, George J. Sandford, Scott A. TI TOF-SIMS analysis of crater residues from Wild 2 cometary particles on Stardust aluminum foil SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; 81P/WILD-2; SPACECRAFT; MORPHOLOGY; METEORITES; IMPACTS AB Impact residues of cometary particles on aluminum foils from the Stardust mission were investigated with TOF-SIMS for their elemental and organic composition. The residual matter from comet 81P/Wild 2 shows a wide compositional range, from nearly monomineralic grains to polymict aggregates. Despite the comparably small analyzed sample volume, the average element composition of the investigated residues is similar to bulk CI chondritic values. Analysis of organic components in impact residues is complicated, due to fragmentation and alteration of the compounds during the impact process and by the presence of contaminants on the aluminum foils. Nevertheless, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are unambiguously associated with the impact residues were observed, and thus are most likely of cometary origin. C1 [Leitner, Jan; Stephan, Thomas] Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Kearsley, Anton T.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Impact & Astromat Res Ctr, London SW7 5BD, England. [Hoerz, Friedrich] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Flynn, George J.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Res Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Leitner, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Particle Chem Dept, POB 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. EM leitner@mpch-mainz.mpg.de RI Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015 OI Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 161 EP 185 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400010 ER PT J AU Stephan, T Rost, D Vicenzi, EP Bullock, ES Macpherson, GJ Westphal, AJ Snead, CJ Flynn, GJ Sandford, SA Zolensky, ME AF Stephan, Thomas Rost, Detlef Vicenzi, Edward P. Bullock, Emma S. Macpherson, Glenn J. Westphal, Andrew J. Snead, Christopher J. Flynn, George J. Sandford, Scott A. Zolensky, Michael E. TI TOF-SIMS analysis of cometary matter in Stardust aerogel tracks SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 81P/WILD-2; ABUNDANCES; SAMPLES; DUST AB Cometary matter in aerogel samples from the Stardust mission was investigated with TOF-SIMS for its elemental and organic composition. While single grains >1 mu m are highly variable in their chemical composition, nanometer-scale material found in the wall of one track has within a factor of 1.22 bulk CI chondritic element ratios relative to Fe for Na, Mg, Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, and Co. Compared to Cl, a depletion in Ca by a factor of four and an enrichment in Ni by a factor of two was observed. These results seem to confirm recent reports of a CI-like bulk composition of Wild 2. The analysis of organic compounds in aerogel samples is complicated by the presence of contaminants in the capture medium. However, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that could possibly be attributed to the comet were observed. C1 [Stephan, Thomas] Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Rost, Detlef; Vicenzi, Edward P.; Bullock, Emma S.; Macpherson, Glenn J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Westphal, Andrew J.; Snead, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Flynn, George J.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Stephan, T (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM tstephan@uchicago.edu NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 233 EP 246 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400013 ER PT J AU Zolensky, M Nakamura-Messenger, K Rietmeijer, F Leroux, H Mikouchi, T Ohsumi, K Simon, S Grossman, L Stephan, T Weisberg, M Velbel, M Zega, T Stroud, R Tomeoka, K Ohnishi, I Tomioka, N Nakamura, T Matrajt, G Joswiak, D Brownlee, D Langenhorst, F Krot, A Kearsley, A Ishii, H Graham, G Da, ZR Ch, M Bradley, J Hagiya, K Gounelle, M Keller, L Bridges, J AF Zolensky, Michael Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko Rietmeijer, Frans Leroux, Hugues Mikouchi, Takashi Ohsumi, Kazumasa Simon, Steven Grossman, Lawrence Stephan, Thomas Weisberg, Michael Velbel, Michael Zega, Thomas Stroud, Rhonda Tomeoka, Kazushige Ohnishi, Ichiro Tomioka, Naotaka Nakamura, Tomoki Matrajt, Graciela Joswiak, David Brownlee, Donald Langenhorst, Falko Krot, Alexander Kearsley, Anton Ishii, Hope Graham, Giles Da, Zu Rong Ch, Miaofang Bradley, John Hagiya, Kenji Gounelle, Matthieu Keller, Lindsay Bridges, John TI Comparing Wild 2 particles to chondrites and IDPs SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE; ORGUEIL METEORITE; COMET 81P/WILD-2; AEROGEL; MATRIX; OLIVINE; EXTRACTION; COMPONENTS; MINERALOGY AB We compare the observed composition ranges of olivine, pyroxene, and Fe-Ni sulfides in Wild 2 grains with those from chondritic interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and chondrite classes to explore whether these data suggest affinities to known hydrous materials in particular. Wild 2 olivine has an extremely wide composition range, from Fa(0-96), with a pronounced frequency peak at Fa(1). The composition range displayed by the low-calcium pyroxene is also very extensive, from Fs(48) to Fs(0), with a significant frequency peak centered at Fs(5). These ranges are as broad or broader than those reported for any other extraterrestrial material. Wild 2 Fe-Ni sulfides mainly have compositions close to that of FeS, with less than 2 atom% Ni; to date, only two pentlandite grains have been found among the Wild grains, suggesting that this mineral is not abundant. The complete lack of compositions between FeS and pentlandite (with intermediate solid solution compositions) suggests (but does not require) that FeS and pentlandite condensed as crystalline species, i.e., did not form as amorphous phases, which later became annealed. While we have not yet observed any direct evidence of water-bearing minerals, the presence of Ni-bearing sulfides, and magnesium-dominated olivine and low-Ca pyroxene does not rule out their presence at low abundance. We do conclude that new investigations of major- and minor-element compositions of chondrite matrix and IDPs are required. C1 [Zolensky, Michael; Keller, Lindsay] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ESCG, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Rietmeijer, Frans] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Lab Struct & Propreites Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Mikouchi, Takashi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Ohsumi, Kazumasa] Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Grossman, Lawrence] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Simon, Steven; Grossman, Lawrence; Stephan, Thomas] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Weisberg, Michael] CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. [Velbel, Michael] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Zega, Thomas; Stroud, Rhonda] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tomeoka, Kazushige; Ohnishi, Ichiro; Tomioka, Naotaka] Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Nakamura, Tomoki] Kyushu Univ Hakozaki, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Matrajt, Graciela; Joswiak, David; Brownlee, Donald] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Langenhorst, Falko] Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-07749 Jena, Germany. [Krot, Alexander] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kearsley, Anton] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Ishii, Hope; Graham, Giles; Da, Zu Rong; Ch, Miaofang; Bradley, John] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hagiya, Kenji] Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Life Sci, Ako, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. [Gounelle, Matthieu] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Etude Mat Extraterrestre, USM 0205 LEME, F-75005 Paris, France. [Bridges, John] Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Zolensky, M (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM michael.e.zolensky@nasa.gov RI Tomioka, Naotaka/B-1888-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Tomioka, Naotaka/0000-0001-5725-9513; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 58 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 261 EP 272 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400015 ER PT J AU Stephan, T Flynn, GJ Sandford, SA Zolensky, ME AF Stephan, Thomas Flynn, George J. Sandford, Scott A. Zolensky, Michael E. TI TOF-SIMS analysis of cometary particles extracted from Stardust aerogel SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 81P/WILD-2; SAMPLES; DUST AB Sections of seven cometary fragments extracted from the aerogel collector flown on the Stardust mission to comet 81P/Wild 2 were investigated with TOF-SIMS. These grains showed a rather heterogeneous chemical and mineralogical composition on a submicrometer scale. However, their average chemical composition is close to bulk CI chondritic values, which is consistent with analyses of numerous Stardust samples using various techniques. As a result, the TOF-SIMS analyses support the conclusion that Wild 2 has a Cl-like bulk composition. The cometary particles resemble anhydrous chondritic porous interplanetary dust particles, which have previously been suggested to originate from comets. For one of the fragments, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that could possibly be attributed to the comet were observed. C1 [Stephan, Thomas] Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Flynn, George J.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Stephan, T (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM tstephan@uchicago.edu NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 285 EP 298 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400017 ER PT J AU Stadermann, FJ Hoppe, P Floss, C Heck, PR Horz, F Huth, J Kearsley, AT Leitner, J Marhas, KK Mckeegan, KD Stephan, T AF Stadermann, Frank J. Hoppe, Peter Floss, Christine Heck, Philipp R. Hoerz, Friedrich Huth, Joachim Kearsley, Anton T. Leitner, Jan Marhas, Kuljeet K. Mckeegan, Kevin D. Stephan, Thomas TI Stardust in Stardust - The C, N, and O isotopic compositions of Wild 2 cometary matter in Al foil impacts SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY DUST; ALUMINUM FOILS; PRIMITIVE METEORITES; SPINEL GRAINS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; OXIDE GRAINS; 81P/WILD-2; SAMPLES; SPACECRAFT; SILICATE AB In January 2006, the Stardust mission successfully returned dust samples from the tail of comet 81P/Wild 2 in two principal collection media, low-density silica aerogel and Al foil. While hypervelocity impacts at the Stardust encounter velocity of 6.1 km/s into Al foils are generally highly disruptive for natural, silicate-dominated impactors, previous studies have shown that many craters retain sufficient residue to allow a determination of the elemental and isotopic compositions of the original projectile. We have used two NanoSIMS ion microprobes to perform C, N, and O isotope imaging measurements on four large (59-295 mu m in diameter) and on 47 small (0.32-1.9 mu m in diameter) Al-foil impact craters as part of the Stardust preliminary examination (PE). Most analyzed residues in and around these craters are isotopically normal (solar) in their C, N, and O isotopic compositions. However, the debris in one large crater shows an average (15)N enrichment of similar to 450 parts per thousand, which is similar to the bulk composition of some isotopically primitive interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and to components of some primitive meteorites. A 250 nm grain in another large crater has an 170 enrichment with similar to 2.65 times the solar (17)O/(16)O ratio. Such an O isotopic composition is typical for circumstellar oxide or silicate grains from red giant or asymptotic giant branch stars. The discovery of this circumstellar grain clearly establishes that there is authentic stardust in the cometary samples returned by the Stardust mission. However, the low apparent abundance of circumstellar grains in Wild 2 samples and the preponderance of isotopically normal material indicates that the cometary matter is a diverse assemblage of presolar and solar system materials. C1 [Stadermann, Frank J.; Floss, Christine; Marhas, Kuljeet K.] Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Stadermann, Frank J.; Floss, Christine; Marhas, Kuljeet K.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Hoerz, Friedrich] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Kearsley, Anton T.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Leitner, Jan; Stephan, Thomas] Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Mckeegan, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hoppe, Peter; Heck, Philipp R.; Huth, Joachim] Max Planck Inst Chem, Particle Chem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. RP Stadermann, FJ (reprint author), Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM fjs@wuphys.wustl.edu RI McKeegan, Kevin/A-4107-2008; Heck, Philipp/C-6092-2012; Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011 OI McKeegan, Kevin/0000-0002-1827-729X; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; NR 49 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 299 EP 313 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400018 ER PT J AU Matpajt, G Ito, M Wirick, S Messenger, S Brownlee, DE Joswiak, D Flynn, G Sandford, S Snead, C Westphal, A AF Matpajt, G. Ito, M. Wirick, S. Messenger, S. Brownlee, D. E. Joswiak, D. Flynn, G. Sandford, S. Snead, C. Westphal, A. TI Carbon investigation of two Stardust particles: A TEM, NanoSIMS, and XANES study SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; COMET 81P/WILD-2; ORGANIC-MATTER; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; NITROGEN; SAMPLES; METEORITES; CHONDRITES; AEROGEL; NUCLEUS AB In this work we present the results of a systematic search for cometary organics in 14 Stardust particles (particles from comet 81P/Wild 2, captured by NASA's Stardust mission) by TEM and multidisciplinary studies (XANES and NanoSIMS) of Febo and Ada, two of the organic-bearing particles identified. The combination of the three analytical techniques has established the presence of organic, cometary C in both particles. Using energy-filtered and high-resolution imaging it was shown that the C is amorphous and rare, given that it is found in grains <= 200 nm in size that are not abundant throughout the particles. The XANES maps and spectra of the carbonaceous areas identified with the TEM have shown that the carbonaceous material is organic due to the presence of carbonyl (C = O) functional groups and the overlapping of C and N on the same grains. In addition, several different C-XANES spectra were obtained from the same particle, suggesting that there is diversity in the types of carbonaccous phases present in these particles, as well as a heterogeneous distribution of the carbonaceous phases within these particles. The C-XANES spectra obtained are different from C-XANES spectra of carbonaceous chondrites and IDPs. In the particle Febo we found five spots showing a pronounced enrichment in the isotope N-15 (delta N-15 from 420 to 639 +/- 20 to 70 parts per thousand, 1 sigma) that were clearly associated with the C-rich regions. The carbonaccous material has approximately solar C and D/H isotopic compositions, and the bulk O isotopic composition was found to be delta O-17 = -18 +/- 13 parts per thousand and (delta O-18 = -37 +/- 12 parts per thousand (1 sigma). In the particle Ada we found a C-rich phase with enrichments in the isotope N-15 (delta N-15 550 +/- 70 parts per thousand, 1 sigma) and the isotope D (delta D = 610 +/- 254 parts per thousand, 1 sigma). The C isotopic composition at this phase is solar (delta C-13 = -4 +/- 29 parts per thousand 1 sigma). The bulk O isotopic composition of Ada was found to be delta O-17 = 9 +/- 14.6 parts per thousand and delta O-18 = -7.3 +/- 8.1 parts per thousand (2 sigma). C1 [Matpajt, G.; Brownlee, D. E.; Joswiak, D.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ito, M.; Messenger, S.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Wirick, S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Flynn, G.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Sandford, S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Snead, C.; Westphal, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Matpajt, G (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM matrajt@astro.washington.edu NR 34 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 315 EP 334 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400019 ER PT J AU Gallien, JP Khodja, H Herzog, GF Taylor, S Koepsell, E Daghlian, CP Flynn, GJ Sitnitsky, I Lanzirotti, A Sutton, SR Keller, LP AF Gallien, J. -P. Khodja, H. Herzog, G. F. Taylor, S. Koepsell, E. Daghlian, C. P. Flynn, G. J. Sitnitsky, I. Lanzirotti, A. Sutton, S. R. Keller, L. P. TI Characterization of carbon- and nitrogen-rich particle fragments captured from comet 81P/Wild 2 SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MICROPROBE; STARDUST; DUST; SAMPLES; METEORITES; MINERALS; ORIGIN; LIFE AB We studied three Stardust fragments with infrared spectroscopy to characterize organic matter; with synchrotron-induced X-ray fluorescence to determine Fe contents and certain elemental ratios to iron; with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to image sample morphology and to detect semiquantitatively Mg, Al, Si, Ca, and Fe; and with nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) to measure C, N, O, and Si. A fourth fragment was analyzed by SEM only. Fragment C2054,0,35,21 from track 35 (hereafter C21) is extremely rich in C and contains appreciable concentrations of Mg, Al, and Ca, but little Fe. Fragments C2054,0,35,23 (C23), C2044,0,41 (C41), and C2054,0,35,51,0 (C51), from tracks 35, 41, and 35, respectively, consist largely but not exclusively of aerogel. C23 contains Mg and finely dispersed S, but little Al, Ca or Fe. Pooled Cl-normalized elemental ratios for C21, C23, and C41 are as follows: Ti/Fe, 5.0; Cr/Fe, 0.84; Mn/Fe, 0.97; Ni/Fe, 2.4; and Zn/Fe, 31. The enrichments in Ti and Zn may be related to the presence of aerogel. Minimum weight percentages of C and N estimated without correcting for the presence of aerogel are 30 and 0.7 for C21; 2.8 and 0.2 for C23; 1.2 and 0.14 for C41. After corrections for the presence of aerogel containing 1.4 wt% C and 0.02 wt% N, the corresponding results are 37 and 0.85 for C21; and 10 and I for C23; and similar to 1 and similar to 1, for C41 (The results for C41 have large uncertainties). These weight percentages are larger than or comparable to values for carbonaceous meteorites. C/N atomic ratios without/without aerogel corrections are 51151 for C21, 17/11 for C23, and 10/similar to 1 for C41. Within the uncertainties these values are within the range for carbonaceous meteorites. C1 [Herzog, G. F.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Gallien, J. -P.; Khodja, H.] CEA Saclay, Lab Pierre Sue, CEA CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Taylor, S.] CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Koepsell, E.; Daghlian, C. P.] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Flynn, G. J.; Sitnitsky, I.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Lanzirotti, A.; Sutton, S. R.] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Sutton, S. R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Keller, L. P.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Herzog, GF (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, 610 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM gherzog@rci.rutgers.edu RI Khodja, Hicham/A-1869-2016 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 335 EP 351 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400020 ER PT J AU Cody, GD Ade, H Alexander, CMO Araki, T Butterworth, A Fleckenstein, H Flynn, G Gilles, MK Jacobsen, C Kilcoyne, ALD Messenger, K Sandford, SA Tyliszczak, T Westphal, AJ Wirick, S Yabuta, H AF Cody, George D. Ade, Harald Alexander, Conel M. O'D. Araki, Tohru Butterworth, Anna Fleckenstein, Holger Flynn, George Gilles, Mary K. Jacobsen, Chris Kilcoyne, A. L. D. Messenger, Keiko Sandford, Scott A. Tyliszczak, Tolek Westphal, Andrew J. Wirick, Susan Yabuta, Hikaru TI Quantitative organic and light-element analysis of comet 81P/Wild 2 particles using C-, N-, and O-mu-XANES SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; INTERPLANETARY DUST; STARDUST; TRANSMISSION; MOLECULES; MATTER; SPECTROMICROSCOPY; MICROSCOPE; SPECTRA AB Synchrotron-based soft X-ray micro-analysis was performed on particles extracted from the Stardust aerogel collector in order to obtain detailed organic functional group information on any organic solids captured as part of the Principal Examination suite of analyses for samples from comet 81P/Wild 2. It is observed that cometary organic carbon captured in aerogel is present in a number of different manifestations and often intimately associated with silicates. Carbon X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra reveal considerable chemical complexity in all of the organic particles studied so far. Universally, the comet 81P/Wild 2 organic particles contain low concentrations of aromatic and/or olefinic carbon relative to aliphatic and heteroatom-containing functional groups, e.g., amide, carboxyl, and alcohol/ethers. N-XANES confirms the presence and assignments of these functional groups. In general, the XANES data record considerable chemical complexity across the range of organic samples currently analyzed. The atomic ratios, N/C and O/C, derived from XANES data reveal a wide range in heteroatom content; in all cases these elemental ratios are higher than that of primitive meteoritic organic matter. The wide range in chemistry, both in elemental abundances and specific organic functional groups, suggests that the comet 81P/Wild 2 organic solids may have multiple origins. C1 [Cody, George D.; Yabuta, Hikaru] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Ade, Harald; Araki, Tohru] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Alexander, Conel M. O'D.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Butterworth, Anna; Westphal, Andrew J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fleckenstein, Holger; Wirick, Susan] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, New York, NY USA. [Flynn, George] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Kilcoyne, A. L. D.; Tyliszczak, Tolek] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Messenger, Keiko] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Engn Sci Contract Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Cody, GD (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM g.cody@gl.ciw.edu RI Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013; Ade, Harald/E-7471-2011; Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015; Yabuta, Hikaru/M-9041-2014; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 OI Alexander, Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427; Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353; Yabuta, Hikaru/0000-0002-4625-5362; NR 29 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 353 EP 365 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400021 ER PT J AU Rotundi, A Baratta, GA Borg, J Brucato, JR Busemann, H Colangeli, L D'Hendecourt, L Djouadi, Z Ferrini, G Franchi, IA Fries, M Grossemy, F Keller, LP Mennella, V Nakamura, K Nittler, LR Palumbo, ME Sandford, SA Steele, A Wopenka, B AF Rotundi, A. Baratta, G. A. Borg, J. Brucato, J. R. Busemann, H. Colangeli, L. D'Hendecourt, L. Djouadi, Z. Ferrini, G. Franchi, I. A. Fries, M. Grossemy, F. Keller, L. P. Mennella, V. Nakamura, K. Nittler, L. R. Palumbo, M. E. Sandford, S. A. Steele, A. Wopenka, B. TI Combined micro-Raman, micro-infrared, and field emission scanning electron microscope analyses of comet 81P/Wild 2 particles collected by Stardust SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; MACROMOLECULAR ORGANIC-MATTER; H BOND FORMATION; H2O ICE BANDS; ION IRRADIATION; COSMIC DUST; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; CARBON MATERIALS AB We report combined micro-infrared, micro-Raman, and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analyses of particles collected by the Stardust spacecraft during its flyby of comet 81P/Wild 2 on 2 January 2004 and successfully returned back to Earth on 15 January 2006. We present mid-infrared (IR) spectra of six of these particles. The CH2/CH3 ratios inferred from the infrared data are greater than those seen in organics in the diffuse interstellar medium, possibly indicating the presence of longer or less branched aliphatic chains. The micro-Raman data offer insights into the state of the order of the carbonaceous component present in the particles. Raman parameters for most of the particles span a similar range to that observed in interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and the most primitive meteorites. Both the IR and Raman data imply the presence of a very labile carbonaceous component. Hydrated silicates may be present in two particles of Track 35, one of which may also contain carbonates, but further investigations with other techniques need to be performed to confirm these findings. In some cases, the analyses are difficult to interpret because of the presence of compressed aerogel mixed with the grains. C1 [Rotundi, A.] Univ Studi Napoli Parthenope, Dip Sci Applicate, I-80133 Naples, Italy. [Baratta, G. A.; Palumbo, M. E.] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Borg, J.; D'Hendecourt, L.; Djouadi, Z.; Grossemy, F.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, UMR8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Brucato, J. R.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Busemann, H.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Busemann, H.; Franchi, I. A.] Open Univ, PSSRI, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Colangeli, L.; Mennella, V.] Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Ferrini, G.] Novaetech SRL, I-80124 Naples, Italy. [Fries, M.; Steele, A.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Keller, L. P.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Nakamura, K.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ESCG Jacobs Engn, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Sandford, S. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Wopenka, B.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Wopenka, B.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Rotundi, A (reprint author), Univ Studi Napoli Parthenope, Dip Sci Applicate, I-80133 Naples, Italy. EM rotundi@uniparthenope.it RI Appourchaux, Thierry/F-4692-2010; OI Busemann, Henner/0000-0002-0867-6908; Brucato, John Robert/0000-0002-4738-5521; Rotundi, Alessandra/0000-0001-5467-157X NR 123 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 367 EP 397 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400022 ER PT J AU Glavin, DP Dworkin, JP Sandford, SA AF Glavin, Daniel P. Dworkin, Jason P. Sandford, Scott A. TI Detection of cometary amines in samples returned by Stardust SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERSTELLAR ICE ANALOGS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MURCHISON METEORITE; SOLAR-SYSTEM; EARLY EARTH; HALE-BOPP; ACIDS; DELIVERY; HALLEY AB The abundances of amino acids and amines, as well as their enantiomeric compositions, were measured in samples of Stardust comet-exposed aerogel and foil using liquid chromatography with UV fluorescence detection and time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-FD/ToF-MS). A suite of amino acids and amines including glycine, L-alanine, beta-alanine (BALA), gamma-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA), epsilon-amino-n-caproic acid (EACA), ethanolamine (MEA), methylamine (MA), and ethylamine (EA) were identified in acid-hydrolyzed, hot-water extracts of these Stardust materials above background levels. With the exception of MA and EA, all other primary amines detected in comet-exposed aerogel fragments C2054,4 and C2086,1 were also present in the flight aerogel witness tile that was not exposed to the comet, indicating that most amines are terrestrial in origin. The enhanced relative abundances of MA and E-A in comet-exposed aerogel compared to controls, coupled with MA to EA ratios (C2054,4: 1.0 +/- 0.2; C2086,1: 1.8 +/- 0.2) that are distinct from preflight aerogels (E243-13C and E243-13F: 7 +/- 3). suggest that these volatile amines were captured from comet Wild 2. MA and EA were present predominantly in an acid-hydrolyzable bound form in the aerogel, rather than as free primary amines, which is consistent with laboratory analyses of cometary ice analog materials. It is possible that Wild 2 MA and EA were formed on energetically processed icy grains containing ammonia and approximately equal abundances of methane and ethane. The presence of cometary amines in Stardust material supports the hypothesis that comets were an important source of prebiotic organic carbon and nitrogen on the early Earth. C1 [Glavin, Daniel P.; Dworkin, Jason P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Glavin, DP (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM daniel.p.glavin@nasa.gov RI Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012; Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012 OI Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765; Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997 NR 55 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 24 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 399 EP 413 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400023 ER PT J AU Westphal, AJ Bastien, RK Borg, J Bridges, J Brownlee, DE Burchell, MJ Cheng, AF Clark, BC Djouadi, Z Floss, C Franchi, I Gainsforth, Z Graham, G Green, SF Heck, PR Horanyi, M Hoppe, P Horz, FP Huth, J Kearsley, A Leroux, H Marhas, K Nakamura-Messenger, K Sandford, SA See, TH Stadermann, FJ Teslich, NE Tsitrin, S Warren, JL Wozniakiewicz, PJ Zolensky, ME AF Westphal, Andrew J. Bastien, Ronald K. Borg, Janet Bridges, John Brownlee, Donald E. Burchell, Mark J. Cheng, Andrew F. Clark, Benton C. Djouadi, Zahia Floss, Christine Franchi, Ian Gainsforth, Zack Graham, Giles Green, Simon F. Heck, Philipp R. Horanyi, Mihaly Hoppe, Peter Horz, Friedrich P. Huth, Joachim Kearsley, Anton Leroux, Hugues Marhas, Kuljeet Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko Sandford, Scott A. See, Thomas H. Stadermann, Frank J. Teslich, Nick E. Tsitrin, Samuel Warren, Jack L. Wozniakiewicz, Penelope J. Zolensky, Michael E. TI Discovery of non-random spatial distribution of impacts in the Stardust cometary collector SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYPERVELOCITY IMPACTS; P/WILD 2; 81P/WILD-2; DUST; SPACECRAFT; PARTICLES; FEATURES; NUCLEUS; SAMPLES; PLASMA AB We report the discovery that impacts in the Stardust cometary collector are not distributed randomly in the collecting media, but appear to be clustered on scales smaller than similar to 10 cm. We also report the discovery of at least two populations of oblique tracks. We evaluate several hypotheses that could explain the observations. No hypothesis is consistent with all the observations, but the preponderance of evidence points toward at least one impact on the central Whipple shield of the spacecraft as the origin of both clustering and low-angle oblique tracks. High-angle oblique tracks unambiguously originate from a non-cometary impact on the spacecraft bus just forward of the collector. C1 [Westphal, Andrew J.; Gainsforth, Zack; Sandford, Scott A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bastien, Ronald K.; Horz, Friedrich P.; Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko; Warren, Jack L.; Zolensky, Michael E.] KT NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Borg, Janet; Djouadi, Zahia] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, UMR8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Bridges, John; Franchi, Ian; Green, Simon F.] Open Univ, PSSRI, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Brownlee, Donald E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burchell, Mark J.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. [Cheng, Andrew F.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Clark, Benton C.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO USA. [Floss, Christine; Marhas, Kuljeet; Stadermann, Frank J.] Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Floss, Christine; Marhas, Kuljeet; Stadermann, Frank J.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Graham, Giles; Teslich, Nick E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Heck, Philipp R.; Hoppe, Peter; Huth, Joachim] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Horanyi, Mihaly] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kearsley, Anton; Wozniakiewicz, Penelope J.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, IARC, London SW7 5BD, England. [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide UMR 8008, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Wozniakiewicz, Penelope J.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, IARC, London SW11 3RA, England. RP Westphal, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM westphal@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Green, Simon/C-7408-2009; Appourchaux, Thierry/F-4692-2010; Heck, Philipp/C-6092-2012; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; OI Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Horanyi, Mihaly/0000-0002-5920-9226; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 415 EP 429 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400024 ER PT S AU Getty, SA Bis, RA Snyder, S Gehrels, E Ramirez, K King, TT Roman, PA Mahaffy, PR AF Getty, Stephanie A. Bis, Rachael A. Snyder, Stacy Gehrels, Emily Ramirez, Kristina King, Todd T. Roman, Patrick A. Mahaffy, Paul R. BE George, T Cheng, Z TI Effect of nitrogen gas on the lifetime at carbon nanotube field emitters for electron-impact ionization mass spectrometry - art. no. 695907 SO MICRO (MEMS) AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACE, DEFENSE, AND SECURITY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Space, Defense, and Security CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE carbon nanotube; field emission; lifetesting; electron-impact ionization ID EMISSION PROPERTIES; ARRAYS; MICROSCOPY AB The lifetime of a patterned carbon nanotube film is evaluated for use as the cold cathode field emission ionization source of a miniaturized mass spectrometer. Emitted current is measured as a function of time for varying partial pressures of nitrogen gas to explore the robustness and lifetime of carbon nanotube cathodes near the expected operational voltages (70-100 eV) for efficient ionization in mass spectrometry. As expected, cathode lifetime scales inversely with partial pressure of nitrogen. Results are presented within the context of previous carbon nanotube investigations, and implications for planetary science mass spectrometry applications are discussed. C1 [Getty, Stephanie A.; Bis, Rachael A.; Gehrels, Emily; Ramirez, Kristina; King, Todd T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mat Engn Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Getty, SA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mat Engn Branch, Mailstop 541-0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Getty, Stephanie/D-7037-2012 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7150-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6959 BP 95907 EP 95907 DI 10.1117/12.776914 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHY70 UT WOS:000257465900008 ER PT S AU King, TT Getty, SA Roman, PA Herrero, FA Jones, HH Kahle, DM Lynch, B Suarez, G Brinckerhoff, WB Mahaffy, PR AF King, Todd. T. Getty, Stephanie A. Roman, Patrick A. Herrero, Federico A. Jones, Hollis H. Kahle, Duncan M. Lynch, Bernard Suarez, George Brinckerhoff, William B. Mahaffy, Paul R. BE George, T Cheng, Z TI Simulation of a miniature, low-power time-of-flight mass spectrometer for in situ analysis of planetary atmospheres - art. no. 69590E SO MICRO (MEMS) AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACE, DEFENSE, AND SECURITY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Space, Defense, and Security CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE miniature time-of-flight mass spectrometer; simulation; planetary science; astrobiology AB We are implementing nano- and micro-technologies to develop a miniaturized electron impact ionization mass spectrometer for planetary science. Microfabrication technology is used to fabricate the ion and electron optics, and a carbon nanotube (CNT) cathode is used to generate the ionizing electron beam. Future NASA planetary science missions demand miniaturized, low power mass spectrometers that exhibit high resolution and sensitivity to search for evidence of past and present habitability on the surface and in the atmosphere of priority targets such as Mars, Titan, Enceladus, Venus, Europa, and short-period comets. Toward this objective, we are developing a miniature, high resolution reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Mini TOF-MS) that features a low-power CNT field emission electron impact ionization source and microfabricated ion optics and reflectron mass analyzer in a parallel-plate geometry that is scalable. Charged particle electrodynamic modeling (SIMION 8.0.4) is employed to guide the iterative design of electron and ion optic components and to characterize the overall performance of the Mini TOF-MS device via simulation. Miniature (< 1000 cm(3)) TOF-MS designs (ion source, mass analyzer, detector only) demonstrate simulated mass resolutions > 600 at sensitivity levels on the order of 10(-3) cps/molecule N-2/cc while consuming 1.3 W of power and are comparable to current spaceflight mass spectrometers. Higher performance designs have also been simulated and indicate mass resolutions similar to 1000, though at the expense of sensitivity and instrument volume. C1 [King, Todd. T.; Getty, Stephanie A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mat Engn Branch 541, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP King, TT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mat Engn Branch 541, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Getty, Stephanie/D-7037-2012; Brinckerhoff, William/F-3453-2012 OI Brinckerhoff, William/0000-0001-5121-2634 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7150-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6959 BP E9590 EP E9590 DI 10.1117/12.780113 PG 15 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHY70 UT WOS:000257465900012 ER PT S AU Roman, PA Brinckerhoff, WB Getty, SA Herrero, FA Hu, R Jones, HH Kahle, D King, TT Mahaffy, P AF Roman, P. A. Brinckerhoff, W. B. Getty, S. A. Herrero, F. A. Hu, R. Jones, H. H. Kahle, D. King, T. T. Mahaffy, P. BE George, T Cheng, Z TI A miniature MEMS and NEMS enabled time-of-flight mass spectrometer for investigations in planetary science - art. no. 69590G SO MICRO (MEMS) AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACE, DEFENSE, AND SECURITY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Space, Defense, and Security CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE mass spectrometry; TOF; EI; MEMS; NEMS; carbon nanotube; electron gun; micro valve; micro leak ID MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; HUYGENS PROBE; ATMOSPHERE; INSTRUMENT; ION AB Solar system exploration and the anticipated discovery of biomarker molecules is driving the development of a new miniature time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer (MS). Space flight science investigations become more feasible through instrument miniaturization, which reduces size, mass, and power consumption. However, miniaturization of space flight mass spectrometers is increasingly difficult using current component technology. Micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) and nano electro mechanical systems (NEMS) technologies offer the potential of reducing size by orders of magnitude, providing significant system requirement benefits as well. Historically, TOF mass spectrometry has been limited to large separation distances as ion mass analysis depends upon the ion flight path. Increased TOF MS system miniaturization may be realized employing newly available high speed computing electronics, coupled with MEMS and NEMS components. Recent efforts at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in the development of a miniaturized TOF mass spectrometer with integral MEMS and NEMS components are presented. A systems overview, design and prototype, MEMS silicon Ion lenses, a carbon nanotube electron gun, ionization methods, as well as performance data and relevant applications are discussed. C1 [Roman, P. A.; Herrero, F. A.; Hu, R.; Jones, H. H.; Kahle, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Detector Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Roman, PA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Detector Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Getty, Stephanie/D-7037-2012; Mahaffy, Paul/E-4609-2012; Brinckerhoff, William/F-3453-2012 OI Brinckerhoff, William/0000-0001-5121-2634 NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7150-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6959 BP G9590 EP G9590 DI 10.1117/12.777670 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHY70 UT WOS:000257465900014 ER PT S AU Keymeulen, D Peay, C Foor, D Trung, T Bakhshi, A Withington, P Yee, K Terrile, R AF Keymeulen, Didier Peay, Chris Foor, David Trung, Tran Bakhshi, Alireza Withington, Phil Yee, Karl Terrile, Rich BE George, T Cheng, Z TI FPGA platform for MEMS Disc Resonance Gyroscope (DRG) control - art. no. 69590P SO MICRO (MEMS) AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACE, DEFENSE, AND SECURITY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Space, Defense, and Security CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE MEMS gyro; digital control; FPGA AB Inertial navigation systems based upon optical gyroscopes tend to be expensive, large, power consumptive, and are not long lived. Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) based gyros do not have these shortcomings; however, until recently, the performance of MEMS based gyros had been below navigation grade. Boeing and JPL have been cooperating since 1997 to develop high performance MEMS gyroscopes for miniature, low power space Inertial Reference Unit applications. The efforts resulted in demonstration of a Post Resonator Gyroscope (PRG). This experience led to the more compact Disc Resonator Gyroscope (DRG) for further reduced size and power with potentially increased performance. Currently, the mass, volume and power of the DRG are dominated by the size of the electronics. This paper will detail the FPGA based digital electronics architecture and its implementation for the DRG which will allow reduction of size and power and will increase performance through a reduction in electronics noise. Using the digital control based on FPGA, we can program and modify in real-time the control loop to adapt to the specificity of each particular gyro and the change of the mechanical characteristic of the gyro during its life time. C1 [Keymeulen, Didier; Peay, Chris; Foor, David; Withington, Phil; Yee, Karl; Terrile, Rich] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Keymeulen, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 303-300,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7150-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6959 BP P9590 EP P9590 DI 10.1117/12.777674 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHY70 UT WOS:000257465900019 ER PT S AU Jhabvala, MD Franz, D King, T Kletetschka, G Kutyrev, AS Li, MJ Meyer, SE Moseley, SH Schwinger, S Silverberg, R AF Jhabvala, M. D. Franz, D. King, T. Kletetschka, G. Kutyrev, A. S. Li, M. J. Meyer, S. E. Moseley, S. H. Schwinger, S. Silverberg, R. BE George, T Cheng, Z TI Development and operation of the microshutter array system SO MICRO (MEMS) AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACE, DEFENSE, AND SECURITY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Space, Defense, and Security CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE microshutters; microshutter arrays; micromirrors; MEMS; DMD; James Webb Space Telescope AB The microshutter array (MSA) is a key component in the James Webb Space Telescope Near Infrared Spectrometer (NIRSpec) instrument. The James Webb Space Telescope is the next generation of a space-borne astronomy platform that is scheduled to be launched in 2013. However, in order to effectively operate the array and meet the severe operational requirements associated with a space flight mission has placed enormous constraints on the microshutter array subsystem. This paper will present an overview and description of the entire microshutter subsystem including the microshutter array, the hybridized array assembly, the integrated CMOS electronics, mechanical mounting module and the test methodology and performance of the fully assembled microshutter subsystem. The NIRSpec is a European Space Agency (ESA) instrument requiring four fully assembled microshutter arrays, or quads, which are independently addressed to allow for the imaging of selected celestial objects onto the two 4 mega pixel IR detectors. Each microshutter array must have no more than similar to 8 shutters which are failed in the open mode (depending on how many are failed closed) out of the 62,415 (365x171) total number of shutters per array. The driving science requirement is to be able to select up to 100 objects at a time to be spectrally imaged at the focal plane. The spectrum is dispersed in the direction of the 171 shutters so if there is an unwanted open shutter in that row the light from an object passing through that failed open shutter will corrupt the spectrum from the intended object. C1 [Jhabvala, M. D.; Franz, D.; King, T.; Li, M. J.; Meyer, S. E.; Moseley, S. H.; Schwinger, S.; Silverberg, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Jhabvala, MD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Kletetschka, Gunther/C-9996-2011 OI Kletetschka, Gunther/0000-0002-0645-9037 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7150-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6959 AR 69590C DI 10.1117/12.775768 PG 17 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHY70 UT WOS:000257465900010 ER PT S AU Kaul, AB Manohara, HM AF Kaul, Anupama B. Manohara, Harish M. BE George, T Cheng, Z TI Carbon nanotube vacuum gauges utilizing long, dissipative tubes SO MICRO (MEMS) AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACE, DEFENSE, AND SECURITY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Space, Defense, and Security CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE nanoelectronics; nano-sensors; pressure sensors; thermal conductivity gauges; suspended tubes; vacuum gauges; vacuum microelectronics ID HIGH-FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS; OHMIC CONTACTS; PRESSURE SENSORS; TRANSPORT; SILICON AB A carbon nanotube-based thermal conductivity vacuum gauge is described which utilizes 5-10 mu m long diffusively contacted SWNTs for vacuum sensing. By etching the thermal SiO2 beneath the tubes and minimizing heat conduction through the substrate, pressure sensitivity was extended toward higher vacuums. The pressure response of unannealed and annealed devices was compared to that of released devices. The released devices showed sensitivity to pressure as low as 1 x 10(-6) Torr. The sensitivity increased more dramatically with power for the released device compared to that of the unreleased device. Low temperature electronic transport measurements of the tubes were suggestive of a thermally activated hopping mechanism where the activation energy for hopping was calculated to be similar to 39 meV. C1 [Kaul, Anupama B.; Manohara, Harish M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kaul, AB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM anu.kaul@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7150-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6959 AR 69590F DI 10.1117/12.779570 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHY70 UT WOS:000257465900013 ER PT S AU Kaul, AB Epp, L Wong, EW Kowalczyk, R AF Kaul, Anupama B. Epp, Larry Wong, Eric W. Kowalczyk, Robert BE George, T Cheng, Z TI Carbon nanotube switches for communication and memory applications SO MICRO (MEMS) AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACE, DEFENSE, AND SECURITY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Space, Defense, and Security CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE nanotube switches; electrostatic actuation; nanoelectronics; RF MEMS; NEMS; nonvolatile memory AB The development of carbon nanotube-based nanoelectromechanical (NEM) switches is described in this work for their potential application in communication and memory systems. Our first NEM structure consists of single walled nanotubes (SWNTs) suspended over shallow trenches in a SiO2 layer, with a Nb pull electrode beneath. DC measurements of these devices show well-defined ON and OFF states as the tube is actuated electrostatically at a few volts. For high frequency applications, electromagnetic modeling of these devices was performed using FEMLAB to calculate the quasi-static capacitance. An equivalent circuit of our switch was developed from which the swept frequency response was simulated up to 100 GHz in the ON and OFF states. A second NEM switch structure, where the tubes are perpendicular to the substrate is also discussed, which is primarily being developed for nonvolatile memory applications. Here, the growth of multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs) from deep nanopores is described using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and plasma-enhanced (PE) CVD with Fe and Ni catalyst, respectively, in preparation for the formation of a vertical switch architecture. C1 [Kaul, Anupama B.; Epp, Larry; Kowalczyk, Robert] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kaul, AB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM anu.kaul@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7150-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6959 AR 695909 DI 10.1117/12.782130 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHY70 UT WOS:000257465900009 ER PT S AU Manohara, HM Bronikowski, MJ Toda, R Urgiles, E Lin, RH Yee, KY Kaul, AB Hong, J AF Manohara, Harish M. Bronikowski, Michael J. Toda, Risaku Urgiles, Eduardo Lin, Robert H. Yee, Karl Y. Kaul, Anupama B. Hong, John BE George, T Cheng, Z TI Application specific electrode-integrated nanotube cathodes (ASINCs) for miniature analytical instruments for space exploration SO MICRO (MEMS) AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACE, DEFENSE, AND SECURITY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Space, Defense, and Security CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE field emission; carbon nanotube; CNTs; X-rays ID FIELD-EMISSION CATHODES; CARBON NANOTUBES; ARRAYS; EMITTERS AB JPL has developed high performance cold cathodes using arrays of carbon nanotube bundles that routinely produce > 15 A/cm(2) at applied fields of 5 to 8 V/mu m without any beam focusing. They have exhibited robust operation in poor vacuums of 10(-6) to 10(-4) Torr- a typically achievable range inside hermetically sealed microcavities. A new double-SOI process to monolithically integrate gate and additional beam tailoring electrodes has been developed. These electrodes are designed according to application requirements making carbon nanotube field emission sources application specific (Application Specific electrode-Integrated Nanotube Cathodes or ASINCs). ASINCs, vacuum packaged using COTS parts and a reflow bonding process, when tested after 6-month shelf fife have shown little emission degradation. Lifetime of ASINCs is found to be affected by two effects- a gradual decay of emission due to anode sputtering, and dislodging of CNT bundles at high fields (> 10 V/mu m). Using ASINCs Miniature Xray tubes and mass ionizers have been developed for future XRD/XRF and miniature mass spectrometer instruments for lander missions to Venus, Mars, Titan, and other planetary bodies. C1 [Manohara, Harish M.; Bronikowski, Michael J.; Toda, Risaku; Urgiles, Eduardo; Lin, Robert H.; Yee, Karl Y.; Kaul, Anupama B.; Hong, John] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Manohara, HM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7150-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6959 AR 695906 DI 10.1117/12.777322 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHY70 UT WOS:000257465900007 ER PT S AU Kintner, PM Coster, AJ Fuller-Rowell, T Mannucci, AJ Mendillo, M Heelis, R AF Kintner, Paul M., Jr. Coster, Anthea J. Fuller-Rowell, Tim Mannucci, Anthony J. Mendillo, Michael Heelis, Roderick BE Kintner, PM Coster, AJ FullerRowell, T Mannucci, AJ Mendillo, M Heelis, R TI Midlatitude Ionospheric Dynamics and Disturbances: Introduction SO MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AND DISTURBANCES SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Kintner, Paul M., Jr.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Coster, Anthea J.] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Fuller-Rowell, Tim] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fuller-Rowell, Tim] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Mannucci, Anthony J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Mendillo, Michael] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Heelis, Roderick] Univ Texas Dallas, Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. RP Kintner, PM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RI Mendillo, Michael /H-4397-2014; OI Mannucci, Anthony/0000-0003-2391-8490 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-446-7 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 181 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1029/181GM02 D2 10.1029/GM181 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BJY19 UT WOS:000267401600001 ER PT S AU Tsurutani, BT Echer, E Guarneri, FL Verkhoglyadova, OP AF Tsurutani, Bruce T. Echer, Ezequiel Guarneri, Fernando L. Verkhoglyadova, Olga P. BE Kintner, PM Coster, AJ FullerRowell, T Mannucci, AJ Mendillo, M Heelis, R TI Interplanetary Causes of Middle Latitude Ionospheric Disturbances SO MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AND DISTURBANCES SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; STORM SUDDEN COMMENCEMENTS; RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; POLAR MAGNETIC SUBSTORMS; SOLAR-WIND STREAMS; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; MAGNETOSPHERIC CONVECTION; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; INTERACTION REGIONS AB The solar and interplanetary causes of major middle latitude ionospheric disturbances are reviewed. Solar flare photons can cause abrupt (within similar to 5 min), 30% increases in ionospheric total electron content, a feature that can last for tens of minutes to hours, depending on the altitude of concern. Fast interplanetary coronal mass ejection sheath fields and magnetic clouds can cause intense magnetic storms if the field in either region is intensely southward for several hours or more. If the field conditions in both regions are southward, "double storms" will occur. Multiple interplanetary fast forward shocks "pump up" the sheath magnetic field, leading to conditions that can lead to superstorms. Magnetic storm aurora] precipitation and Joule heating cause pressure waves that propagate from subauroral latitudes to middle and equatorial latitudes. Shocks can create middle latitude dayside auroras as well as trigger nightside subauroral supersubstorms. Solar wind ram pressure increases after fast shocks can lead to the formation of new radiation belts under proper conditions. Prompt penetration electric fields can cause a dayside ionospheric superfountain, leading to plasma transport from the equatorial region to middle latitudes. The large amplitude Alfven waves present in solar wind highspeed streams cause sporadic magnetic reconnection, plasma injections, and electromagnetic chorus wave generation. Energetic electrons interacting with chorus (and PC5) waves are accelerated to hundreds of keV up to MeV energies. C1 [Tsurutani, Bruce T.; Verkhoglyadova, Olga P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Echer, Ezequiel] Brazilian Natl Inst Space Res INPE, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Guarneri, Fernando L.] Univ Paraiba Valley UNIVAP, BR-12244000 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Verkhoglyadova, Olga P.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Tsurutani, BT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bruce.tsurutani@jpl.nasa.gov NR 132 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-446-7 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 181 BP 99 EP 119 DI 10.1029/181GM11 D2 10.1029/GM181 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BJY19 UT WOS:000267401600010 ER PT S AU Verkhoglyadova, OP Tsurutani, BT Mannucci, AJ Saito, A Araki, T Anderson, D Abdu, M Sobral, JHA AF Verkhoglyadova, Olga P. Tsurutani, Bruce T. Mannucci, Anthony J. Saito, Akinori Araki, Tohru Anderson, David Abdu, M. Sobral, J. H. A. BE Kintner, PM Coster, AJ FullerRowell, T Mannucci, AJ Mendillo, M Heelis, R TI Simulation of PPEF Effects in Dayside Low-Latitude Ionosphere for the October 30, 2003, Superstorm SO MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AND DISTURBANCES SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GEOMAGNETIC SUDDEN COMMENCEMENT; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; STORMS; MODEL; DST; ORIGIN; SYSTEM AB One of the important signatures during strong magnetic storms is prompt penetrating electric fields (PPEFs) into the ionosphere, which causes the dayside ionospheric superfountain (DIS). Interplanetary-Ionosphere coupling for the October 30, 2003, superstorm is analyzed by using ACE and ground-based measurements. The relationships between the interplanetary magnetic field B-z component, ionospheric vertical velocities above Jicamarca, and horizontal magnetic field components measured at Huancayo are presented. DIS is associated with uplift, displacement, and enhancement of the equatorial ionospheric anomalies. We apply an extended SAMI-2 ionospheric model to simulate DIS effects above Jicamarca for this superstorm. An agreement between our results and observed f(0)F(2) during the main phase of the storm is reported. It is shown that the PPEF approach and corresponding modeling results capture the main physics of the dayside low-latitude ionospheric response during the first couple hours of the magnetic superstorm. C1 [Verkhoglyadova, Olga P.; Tsurutani, Bruce T.; Mannucci, Anthony J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Abdu, M.; Sobral, J. H. A.] INPE, BR-1220197D Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Anderson, David] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Saito, Akinori; Araki, Tohru] Kyoto Univ, Dept Geophys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Verkhoglyadova, Olga P.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Verkhoglyadova, OP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Olga.Verkhoglyadova@jpl.nasa.gov OI Mannucci, Anthony/0000-0003-2391-8490 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-446-7 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 181 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1029/181GM16 D2 10.1029/GM181 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BJY19 UT WOS:000267401600015 ER PT S AU Pfaff, RF Liebrecht, C Berthelier, JJ Malingre, M Parrot, M Lebreton, JP AF Pfaff, Robert F., Jr. Liebrecht, Carmen Berthelier, Jean-Jacques Malingre, Michel Parrot, Michel Lebreton, Jean-Pierre BE Kintner, PM Coster, AJ FullerRowell, T Mannucci, AJ Mendillo, M Heelis, R TI DEMETER Satellite Observations of Plasma Irregularities in the Topside Ionosphere at Low, Middle, and Sub-Auroral Latitudes and Their Dependence on Magnetic Storms SO MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AND DISTURBANCES SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PROCESSING ONBOARD DEMETER; MIDLATITUDE SPREAD-F; SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES; FIELD EXPERIMENT; ART.; SUBSTORM; COHERENT; AIRGLOW; RADAR; WAVES AB Observations of plasma density structure and electric field irregularities gathered with probes on the Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) satellite are presented to characterize the topside ionosphere at low, middle, and sub-auroral latitudes. Data from successive DEMETER orbits during magnetic storms illustrate how low, mid-, and sub-auroral latitude plasma density, plasma density structures, and electric field irregularities correlate and evolve with changes in Dst. The observations reveal: (1) electric field irregularities associated with density depletions at mid latitudes are similar to those that characterize equatorial spread Fat low latitudes; (2) large, well-defined density depletions that extend to mid-latitude display zonal widths and interdepletion spacings that are similar to spread F density depletion widths and spacings observed at the equator; (3) in some cases, ULF/ELF magnetic field irregularities are observed in association with the electric field irregularities particularly on the walls of the plasma density structures and may be related to finely structured spatial currents and/or Alfven waves; (4) precisely during the main phase of severe geomagnetic storms, increased ambient plasma densities and broad regions of irregularities are observed near 710 km, initially at storm commencement near the magnetic equator and then extending to mid- and sub-auroral latitudes within the similar to 8-h period corresponding to the negative Dst excursions; and (5) intense, broadband electric and magnetic field irregularities are often observed at sub-auroral latitudes and are typically associated with the trough region and its poleward plasma density gradient. The observations provide a general framework showing how low, mid-, and sub-auroral latitude plasma density structuring and associated electric field irregularities respond to geomagnetic storms. C1 [Pfaff, Robert F., Jr.; Liebrecht, Carmen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Parrot, Michel] CNRS, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. [Lebreton, Jean-Pierre] European Space Agcy, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Berthelier, Jean-Jacques; Malingre, Michel] CETP, F-94100 St Maur, France. RP Pfaff, RF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 612-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Robert.F.Pfaff@nasa.gov NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-446-7 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 181 BP 297 EP 310 DI 10.1029/181GM27 D2 10.1029/GM181 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BJY19 UT WOS:000267401600026 ER PT S AU Benford, DJ Staguhn, JG Allen, CA Sharp, EH AF Benford, Dominic J. Staguhn, Johannes G. Allen, Christine A. Sharp, Elmer H. BE Duncan, WD Holland, WS Withington, S Zmuidzinas, J TI A Compact, Modular Superconducting Bolometer Array Package SO MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTONOMY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors and Instrumentation for Astonomy IV CY JUN 26-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE superconducting bolometer array; transition edge sensor; SQUID multiplexer ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; INFRARED ASTRONOMY; SQUID MULTIPLEXER; TES BOLOMETERS; READOUT; SYSTEM AB We have designed a detector package to house a superconducting bolometer array, SQUID multiplexers, bias and integration circuitry, optical filtering, electrical connectors, and thermal/mechanical interfaces. This package has been used successfully in the GISMO 2mm camera, a 128-pixel camera operating at a base temperature of 270mK. Operation at lower temperatures is allowed by providing direct heat sinking to the SQUIDs and bias resistors, which generate the bulk of the dissipation in the package. Standard electrical connectors provide reliable contact while enabling quick installation and removal of the package. Careful design has gone into the compensation for differing thermal expansions, the need for heat sinking of the bolometer array, and the placement of magnetic shielding in critical areas. In this presentation, we detail the design and performance of this detector package and describe its scalability to 1280-pixel arrays in the near future. C1 [Benford, Dominic J.; Staguhn, Johannes G.; Allen, Christine A.; Sharp, Elmer H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Benford, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Dominic.Benford@nasa.gov RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7230-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7020 AR 702026 DI 10.1117/12.789826 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIR58 UT WOS:000262259800057 ER PT S AU Bradford, CM Kenyon, M Holmes, W Bock, J Koch, T AF Bradford, C. M. Kenyon, Matt Holmes, Warren Bock, James Koch, Timothy CA BLISS Study Team BE Duncan, WD Holland, WS Withington, S Zmuidzinas, J TI Sensitive far-IR survey spectroscopy: BLISS for SPICA SO MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTONOMY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors and Instrumentation for Astonomy IV CY JUN 26-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE SPICA; spectroscopy; far-IR; BLISS; bolometers ID BACKGROUND EXPERIMENT SEARCH; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; ULTRAVIOLET; REDSHIFT; HISTORY; MODEL AB We present a concept for BLISS, a sensitive far-IR-submillimeter spectrograph for SPICA. SPICA is a JAXA-led mission featuring a, 3.5-meter telescope actively cooled to below 5K, envisioned for launch in 2017. The low-background platform is especially compelling for moderate-resolution survey spectroscopy, for which BLISS is designed. The BLISS / SPICA combination will offer line sensitivities below 10(-20) W m(-2) in modest integrations, enabling rapid survey spectroscopy of galaxies out to redshift 5. The far-IR fine-structure and molecular transitions which BLISS / SPICA will measure are immune to dust extinction, and will unambiguously reveal these galaxies' redshifts, stellar and AGN contents, gas properties, and heavy-element abundances. Taken together, such spectra. will reveal the history of galaxies from 1 GY after the Big Bang to the present day. BLISS is comprised of five sub-bands, each with two R similar to 700 grating spectrometer modules. The modules are configured with polarizing and dichroic splitters to provide complete instantaneous spectral coverage in two sky positions. To approach background-limited performance, BLISS detectors must have sensitivities at or below 5 x 10(-20) W Hz(-1/2), and the format is 10 arrays of several hundred pixels each. It is anticipated that these requirements can be met on SPICA's timescale with leg-isolated superconducting (TES) bolometers cooled with a, 50 mK magnetic refrigerator. C1 [Bradford, C. M.; Kenyon, Matt; Holmes, Warren; Bock, James; Koch, Timothy] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Bradford, CM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM bradford@jpl.nasa.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7230-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7020 AR 70201O DI 10.1117/12.790156 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIR58 UT WOS:000262259800042 ER PT S AU Hinderks, JR Fixsen, DJ Kogut, AJ Mirel, P Shirron, PJ AF Hinderks, James R. Fixsen, Dale J. Kogut, Alan J. Mirel, Paul Shirron, Peter J. BE Duncan, WD Holland, WS Withington, S Zmuidzinas, J TI A Compact ADR Controller for Spaceflight Applications SO MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTONOMY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors and Instrumentation for Astonomy IV CY JUN 26-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE Magnetic cooling; cryogenics; instrumentation; ADR ID ADIABATIC DEMAGNETIZATION REFRIGERATORS AB Adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators (ADRs) can provide very low temperatures (< 100mK). making them an attractive option for cooling millimeter and submillimeter detectors. One drawback to their use has been the bulky electronic equipment that was often needed to operate them. In this paper, we present a compact, ADR, controller that is designed for applications such as scientific ballooning and spaceflight where weight and reliability are primary concerns. The complete controller is contained on a 160mm by 100mm circuit card. A prototype has been tested with a single-stage ADR, system. A minimum temperature of 180mK was achieved and stable control was demonstrated with an RMS temperature noise of 4.4 uK and a 1/f knee of order 1 mHz. The dominant source of noise is digitization noise in the thermometer readout. Three cards on a backplane are currently being set up to control a three-stage ADR that is designed for continuous operation at 100mK. Additionally, a lower noise control card is under development. C1 [Hinderks, James R.; Fixsen, Dale J.; Kogut, Alan J.; Mirel, Paul; Shirron, Peter J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Hinderks, JR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM james.r.hinderks@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7230-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7020 AR 70202J DI 10.1117/12.789997 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIR58 UT WOS:000262259800066 ER PT S AU Karasik, BS Pereverzev, SV Olaya, D Wei, J Gershenson, ME Sergeev, AV AF Karasik, Boris S. Pereverzev, Sergey V. Olaya, David Wei, Jian Gershenson, Michael E. Sergeev, Andrei V. BE Duncan, WD Holland, WS Withington, S Zmuidzinas, J TI Electrical NEP in hot-electron titanium superconducting bolometers SO MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTONOMY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors and Instrumentation for Astonomy IV CY JUN 26-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE hot-electron detector; transition-edge sensor; terahertz astronomy; superconducting bolometer ID DIRECT DETECTOR; NOISE; SAFIR; ASTRONOMY; SPICA AB We are presenting the current progress on the titanium (Ti) hot-electron transition-edge devices. The ultimate goal of this work is to develop a submillimeter Hot-Electron Direct Detector (HEDD) with the noise equivalent power NEP = 10(-18)- 10(-20) W/H(Z)(1/2) for the moderate resolution spectroscopy and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) studies on future space telescope (e.g., SPICA, SAFIR, SPECS, CMBPol) with cryogenically cooled (similar to 4-5 K) mirrors. Recently(i), we have achieved the extremely low thermal conductance (similar to 20 fW/K at 300 mK and similar to 0.1 fW/K at 40 mK) due to the electron-phonon decoupling in Ti nanodevices with niobium (Nb) Andreev contacts. This thermal conductance translates into the "phonon-noise" NEP approximate to 3x10(-21) W/HZ(1/2) at 40 mK and NEP approximate to 3x10(-19) W/Hz(1/2) at 300 mK. These record data indicate the great potential of the hot-electron detector for meeting many application needs. Beside the extrernely low phonon-noise NEP, the nanobolometers have a very low electron heat capacitance that makes them promising as detectors of single THz photons(ii). As the next step towards the practical demonstration of the HEDD, we fabricated and tested somewhat larger than in Ref. 1 devices (similar to 6 pm x 0.35 mu m x 40 nm) whose critical temperature is well reproduced in the range 300-350 mK. The output electrical noise measured in these devices with a low-noise dc SQUID is dominated by the thermal energy fluctuations (ETF) aka "phonon noise". This indicates the high electrothermal loop gain that effectively suppresses the contributions of the Johnson noise and the amplifier (SQUID) noise. The electrical NEP = 6.7x 10-(18) W/Hz(1/2) derived from these measurements is in good agreement with the predictions based on the thermal conductance data. The very low NEP and the high speed (similar to mu s) are a unique combination not found in other detectors. C1 [Karasik, Boris S.; Pereverzev, Sergey V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Karasik, BS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM boris.s.karasik@jpl.nasa.gov RI Wei, Jian/B-2137-2014 OI Wei, Jian/0000-0002-8831-6418 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7230-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7020 AR 70200E DI 10.1117/12.788584 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIR58 UT WOS:000262259800012 ER PT S AU Nguyen, HT Kovac, J Ade, P Aikin, R Benton, S Bock, J Brevik, J Carlstrom, J Dowell, D Duband, L Golwala, S Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Irwin, K Jones, W Kaufman, J Keating, B Kuo, CL Lange, A Matsumura, T Netterfield, B Pryke, C Ruhlk, J Sheehy, C Sudiwala, R AF Nguyen, Hien Trong Kovac, John Ade, Peter Aikin, Randol Benton, Steve Bock, Jamie Brevik, Justus Carlstrom, John Dowell, Darren Duband, Lionel Golwala, Sunil Halpern, Mark Hasselfield, Matthew Irwin, Kent Jones, William Kaufman, Jonathan Keating, Brian Kuo, Chao-Lin Lange, Andrew Matsumura, Tomotake Netterfield, Barth Pryke, Clem Ruhlk, John Sheehy, Chris Sudiwala, Rashmi BE Duncan, WD Holland, WS Withington, S Zmuidzinas, J TI BICEP2/SPUD: Searching for inflation with degree scale polarimetry from the South Pole SO MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTONOMY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors and Instrumentation for Astonomy IV CY JUN 26-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE CMB; polarization; bolometer; TES; south pole AB BICEP2/SPUD is the new powerful upgrade of the existing BICEP1 experiment, a bolometric receiver to study the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation, which has been in operation at the South Pole since January 2006. BICEP2 will provide an improvement up to 10 times mapping speed at 150 GHz compared to BICEP1, using the same BICEP telescope mount. SPUD, a series of compact, mechanically-cooled receivers deployed on the DAS1 mount at the Pole, will provide similar mapping speed in to BICEP2 in three bands, 100, 150, and 220 GHz. The new system Will use large TES focal plane arrays to provide unprecedented sensitivity and excellent control of foreground contamination. C1 [Nguyen, Hien Trong; Bock, Jamie; Dowell, Darren; Jones, William] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Nguyen, HT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM hien.t.nguyen@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7230-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7020 AR 70201F DI 10.1117/12.787997 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIR58 UT WOS:000262259800037 ER PT S AU Sharp, EH Benford, DJ Fixsen, DJ Maher, SF Marx, CT Staguhn, JG Wollack, EJ AF Sharp, Elmer H. Benford, Dominic J. Fixsen, Dale J. Maher, Stephen F. Marx, Catherine T. Staguhn, Johannes G. Wollack, Edward J. BE Duncan, WD Holland, WS Withington, S Zmuidzinas, J TI Design and performance of a high-throughput cryogenic detector system SO MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTONOMY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors and Instrumentation for Astonomy IV CY JUN 26-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE GISMO; Optical Design; High-throughput; Detector System; IRAM AB The Goddard IRAM Superconducting Millimeter Observer (GISMO) is a new superconducting bolometer array camera for the IRAM 30 Meter Telescope on Pico Veleta, Spain. GISMO uses a 3He/4He cooler mounted to a liquid He/LN2 cryostat to cool the bolometer array and SQUID electronics to an operating temperature of 260mK. The bolometer array is based on the backshort-under-grid architecture and features 128 2mm square absorbing pixels. A 101 mm diameter anti-reflection coated silicon lens is used to define the beam. A single cold pupil stop prevents warm radiation from reaching the array, but no other stops are used. In the beam, filters and a cold baffling and stray light suppression system were used to define the bandpass and prevent out-of-band radiation to a very high level, including out-of-band radiation leaking through the metal-mesh filters from extreme angles. We present a detailed description of this optical design and its performance. A comprehensive report of the electronics and cryogenic integration are also included. C1 [Sharp, Elmer H.; Benford, Dominic J.; Fixsen, Dale J.; Maher, Stephen F.; Marx, Catherine T.; Staguhn, Johannes G.; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sharp, EH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Elmer.H.Sharp@nasa.gov RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7230-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7020 AR 70202L DI 10.1117/12.790058 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIR58 UT WOS:000262259800067 ER PT S AU Sisson, DL Farhoomand, J Beeman, JW Hoang, D AF Sisson, David L. Farhoomand, Jam Beeman, Jeffrey W. Hoang, Dzung BE Duncan, WD Holland, WS Withington, S Zmuidzinas, J TI Testing of the SB349, a 32x32 CTIA readout multiplexer for far IR focal-plane arrays SO MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTONOMY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors and Instrumentation for Astonomy IV CY JUN 26-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE ROIC; Readout; Multiplexer; Cryo-CMOS; CTIA; Far infrared; Submillimeter; Photoconductor; FPA ID DETECTORS; DESIGN; SIRTF AB The SB349 is a 32x32 readout multiplexer specifically designed for far IR photodetectors and is capable of operating at cryogenic temperatures at least as low as 1.8K. This readout is a capacitive-transimpedance amplifier multiplexed to eight outputs and is buttable on two sides to form a 64x64 mosaic array. It features eight selectable gain settings, auto zero for better input uniformity, sample-and-hold circuitry, and provisions to block the readout glow. A special, 2-micron cryo-CMOS process was adopted to prevent freeze out and ensure low noise and proper operation at deep cryogenic temperatures. An overview of the design and the results of the tests performed on this device are reported in this paper. C1 [Sisson, David L.; Farhoomand, Jam; Hoang, Dzung] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94306 USA. RP Sisson, DL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 244-10, Moffett Field, CA 94306 USA. EM dsisson@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7230-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7020 AR 70202P DI 10.1117/12.789582 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIR58 UT WOS:000262259800071 ER PT S AU Staguhn, JG Benford, DJ Allen, CA Maher, SF Sharp, EH Ames, TJ Arendt, RG Chuss, DT Dwek, E Fixsen, DJ Miller, TM Moseley, SH Navarro, S Sievers, A Wollack, EJ AF Staguhn, Johannes G. Benford, Dominic J. Allen, Christine A. Maher, Stephen F. Sharp, Elmer H. Ames, Troy J. Arendt, Richard G. Chuss, David T. Dwek, Eli Fixsen, Dale J. Miller, Tim M. Moseley, S. Harvey Navarro, Santiago Sievers, Albrecht Wollack, Edward J. BE Duncan, WD Holland, WS Withington, S Zmuidzinas, J TI Instrument Performance of GISMO, a 2 Millimeter TES Bolometer Camera used at the IRAM 30 m Telescope SO MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTONOMY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors and Instrumentation for Astonomy IV CY JUN 26-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE superconducting bolometers; bolometer cameras; high redshift universe ID ASTRONOMY; ARRAYS AB We have developed key technologies to enable highly versatile, kilopixel bolometer arrays for infrared through millimeter wavelengths. Our latest array architecture is based on our Backshort Under Grid (BUG) design, which is specifically targeted at producing kilopixel-size arrays for future ground-based, suborbital and space-based X-ray and far-infrared through millimeter cameras and spectrometers. In November of 2007, we demonstrated a monolithic 8x16 BUG bolometer array with 2 mm-pitch detectors for astronomical observations using our 2 mm wavelength camera GISMO (the Goddard IRAM Superconducting 2 Millimeter Observer) at the IRAM 30 m telescope in Spain. The 2 mm spectral range provides a unique terrestrial window enabling ground-based observations of the earliest active dusty galaxies in the universe and thereby allowing a better constraint on the star formation rate in these objects. We present preliminary results from our observing run with the first fielded BUG bolometer array and discuss the performance of the instrument. C1 [Staguhn, Johannes G.; Benford, Dominic J.; Allen, Christine A.; Maher, Stephen F.; Sharp, Elmer H.; Ames, Troy J.; Arendt, Richard G.; Chuss, David T.; Dwek, Eli; Fixsen, Dale J.; Miller, Tim M.; Moseley, S. Harvey; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Staguhn, JG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Johannes.G.Staguhn@nasa.gov RI Dwek, Eli/C-3995-2012; Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012; Chuss, David/D-8281-2012; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Arendt, Richard/0000-0001-8403-8548 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7230-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7020 AR 702004 DI 10.1117/12.789764 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIR58 UT WOS:000262259800004 ER PT B AU Duffy, DG AF Duffy, Dean G. BA Duffy, DG BF Duffy, DG TI Mixed Boundary Value Problems Overview SO MIXED BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Science Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; RESISTANCE; CAPACITOR; SERIES; FILM; DISK C1 [Duffy, Dean G.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Duffy, Dean G.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Duffy, Dean G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Duffy, DG (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-58488-579-5 J9 CH CRC APPL MATH NON PY 2008 VL 15 BP 1 EP 40 D2 10.1201/9781420010947 PG 40 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BJZ03 UT WOS:000267477800001 ER PT S AU Holzmann, GJ Joshi, R Groce, A AF Holzmann, Gerard J. Joshi, Rajeev Groce, Alex BE Havelund, K Majumdar, R Palsberg, J TI Tackling large verification problems with the swarm tool SO MODEL CHECKING SOFTWARE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International SPIN Workshop CY AUG 10-12, 2008 CL univ Calif, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA HO univ Calif, Los Angeles AB The range of verification problems that can be solved with logic model checking tools has increased significantly in the last few decades. This increase in capability is based on algorithmic advances, but in no small measure it is also made possible by increases in processing speed and main memory sizes on standard desktop systems. For the time being, though, the increase in CPU speeds has mostly ended as chip-makers are redirecting their efforts to the development of multi-core systems. In the coming years we can expect systems with very large memory sizes, and increasing numbers of CPU cores, but with each core running at a relatively low speed. We will discuss the implications of this important trend, and describe how we can leverage these developments with new tools. C1 [Holzmann, Gerard J.; Joshi, Rajeev; Groce, Alex] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Lab Reliable Software LaRS, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Holzmann, GJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Lab Reliable Software LaRS, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-85113-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5156 BP 134 EP 143 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIE15 UT WOS:000258874500011 ER PT S AU Gawronski, W AF Gawronski, Wodek BA Gawronski, W BF Gawronski, W TI Modeling and Control of Antennas and Telescopes Introduction SO MODELING AND CONTROL OF ANTENNAS AND TELESCOPES SE Mechanical Engineering Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Gawronski, W (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM wodek.k.gawronski@jpl.nasa.gov; wodek.k.gawronski@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0941-5122 BN 978-0-387-78792-3 J9 MECH ENG SER PY 2008 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78793-0_1 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78793-0 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJU58 UT WOS:000267210200001 ER PT S AU Banks, K Larson, M Aymergen, C Zhang, B AF Banks, Kimberly Larson, Melora Aymergen, Cagatay (Murat) Zhang, Burt BE Angeli, GZ Cullum, MJ TI James Webb Space Telescope Mid-Infrared Instrument Cooler systems engineering SO MODELLING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering and Project Management for Astronomy III CY JUN 26-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE DE JWST; MIRI; Dewar; Cooler; Lessons Learned AB On the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) is unique among the four science instruments in that it operates around 7K as opposed to 40K like the other three near infrared instruments. Remote cooling of the MIRI is achieved through the use of a Joule-Thomson (J-T) Cooler, which is precooled by a multistage Pulse Tube Cooler. The MIRI Cooler systems engineering is elaborate because the Cooler spans a multitude of regions in the observatory that are thermally and mechanically unique with interfaces that encompass a number of different organizations. This paper will discuss how a significant change to the MIRI Cooling System from a solid hydrogen Dewar to a Cooler was achieved after the instrument Preliminary Design Review (PDR), and it will examine any system compromises or impacts that resulted from this change so late in the instrument design. A general overview of the Dewar and the Cooler systems management, the roles of the systems teams in the different organizations, how the requirements are managed in such an elaborate environment, and the distinct design and Integration and Test (I&T) challenges will also be provided. C1 [Banks, Kimberly] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Banks, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 552,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7227-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7017 BP U71 EP U80 DI 10.1117/12.791925 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIL03 UT WOS:000260454400008 ER PT S AU Bikkannavar, S AF Bikkannavar, Siddarayappa BE Angeli, GZ Cullum, MJ TI Autonomous High Dynamic Range Phase Unwrapping SO MODELLING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering and Project Management for Astronomy III CY JUN 26-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE DE WFSC; Phase Retrieval; Phase Unwrapping; High Dynamic Range AB Image based wavefront sensing methods such as Adaptive Modified Gerchberg-Saxton Phase Retrieval(1) (MGS) require a matrix of a-priori phase knowledge to avoid high dynamic range "phase wrapping" during estimation. Previous unwrapping methods have met with limited success or have required some degree of expert intervention. We have succeeded in developing a method and algorithm for automatically unwrapping the phase estimate to generate "prior phase knowledge". By utilizing first-round wavefront sensing results and image processing techniques, the algorithm is able to create sufficient a-priori phase information to feed back to the phase retrieval software. The autonomous phase unwrapping algorithm utilizes edge detection, morphological processing, and spatial filtering, and is able to perform well on a variety of phase wrapping anomalies for both monolithic and segmented optical systems. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bikkannavar, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7227-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7017 BP U573 EP U583 DI 10.1117/12.790465 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIL03 UT WOS:000260454400056 ER PT S AU Howard, JM Ha, KQ Shiri, R Smith, JS Mosier, G Muheim, D AF Howard, Joseph M. Ha, Kong Q. Shiri, Ron Smith, J. Scott Mosier, Gary Muheim, Danniella BE Angeli, GZ Cullum, MJ TI Optical Modeling Activities for NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST): V. Operational Alignment Updates SO MODELLING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering and Project Management for Astronomy III CY JUN 26-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE DE Optical Modeling; Integrated Modeling; Telescopes; Phase Retrieval; Jitter; Thermal Stability AB This paper is part five of a series on the ongoing optical modeling activities for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The first two papers discussed modeling JWST on-orbit performance using wavefront sensitivities to predict line of sight motion induced blur, and stability during thermal transients. The third paper investigates the aberrations resulting from alignment and figure compensation of the controllable degrees of freedom (primary and secondary mirrors), which may be encountered during ground alignment and on-orbit commissioning of the observatory, and the fourth introduced the software toolkits used to perform much of the optical analysis for JWST. The work here models observatory operations by simulating line-of-sight image motion and alignment drifts over a two-week period. Alignment updates are then simulated using wavefront sensing and control processes to calculate and perform the corrections. A single model environment in Matlab is used for evaluating the predicted performance of the observatory during these operations. C1 [Howard, Joseph M.; Ha, Kong Q.; Shiri, Ron; Smith, J. Scott; Mosier, Gary; Muheim, Danniella] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Howard, JM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7227-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7017 BP U273 EP U282 DI 10.1117/12.790237 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIL03 UT WOS:000260454400027 ER PT S AU Liu, FC Cutri, R Greanias, G Duval, V Eisenhardt, P Elwell, J Heinrichsen, I Howard, J Irace, W Mainzer, A Razzaghi, A Royer, D Wright, EL AF Liu, Fengchuan Cutri, Roc Greanias, George Duval, Valerie Eisenhardt, Peter Elwell, John Heinrichsen, Ingolf Howard, Joan Irace, William Mainzer, Amanda Razzaghi, Andrea Royer, Donald Wright, Edward L. BE Angeli, GZ Cullum, MJ TI Development of the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) Mission SO MODELLING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering and Project Management for Astronomy III CY JUN 26-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE DE Infrared; cryogenic; ultraluminous galaxies; asteroids AB WISE is a NASA MIDEX mission to survey the entire sky in four bands from 3 to 25 microns with sensitivity about 500 times greater than the IRAS survey. WISE will find the most luminous galaxies in the universe, find the closest stars to the Sun, and detect most of the main belt asteroids larger than 3 km. WISE launch is scheduled in November, 2009 on a Delta 7320-10 to a 525 km Sun-synchronous polar orbit. This paper gives an overview of WISE including development status and management approach. WISE flight system design is single string with selected redundancy and graceful degradation. Wherever possible, design heritage from prior missions is pursued and properly reviewed to reduce development time and cost. Further risk reduction is achieved since the WISE spacecraft has no deployable mechanisms and no propulsion. Nonetheless, a complex space mission with a sophisticated cryogenic IR telescope such as WISE demands a partnership of multiple organizations in government research, academia, and industry. With a cost cap and relatively short development schedule, it is essential for all WISE partners to work seamlessly together. This is accomplished by a single management team representing all key partners and disciplines in science, systems engineering, mission assurance, project and contract management. WISE uses a variety of management tools including frequent team interaction, schedule, milestone,and critical path analysis, risk analysis, reliability analysis, earned value analysis, configuration management, and management of schedule and budget reserves. After a successful mission critical design review in June, 2007, WISE has completed building most of the flight hardware, and started integration and test within payload and spacecraft. C1 [Liu, Fengchuan; Greanias, George; Duval, Valerie; Eisenhardt, Peter; Heinrichsen, Ingolf; Irace, William; Mainzer, Amanda; Royer, Donald] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Liu, FC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7227-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7017 BP U150 EP U161 DI 10.1117/12.790087 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIL03 UT WOS:000260454400016 ER PT S AU Lundquist, R Aymergen, C Van Campen, J Abell, J Smith, M Driggers, P AF Lundquist, Ray Aymergen, Cagatay Van Campen, Julie Abell, James Smith, Miles Driggers, Phillip BE Angeli, GZ Cullum, MJ TI System Definition of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) SO MODELLING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering and Project Management for Astronomy III CY JUN 26-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE DE JWST; ISIM; systems; NIRCam; NIRSpec; MIRI; FGS; Goddard; requirements; telescope AB The Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) provides the critical functions and the environment for the four science instruments on JWST. This complex system development across many international organizations presents unique challenges and unique solutions. Here we describe how the requirement flow has been coordinated through the documentation system, how the tools and processes are used to minimize impact to the development of the affected interfaces, how the system design has matured, how the design review process operates, and how the system implementation is managed through reporting to ensure a truly world class scientific instrument compliment is created as the final product. C1 [Lundquist, Ray; Smith, Miles] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lundquist, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7227-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7017 BP U466 EP U477 DI 10.1117/12.790205 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIL03 UT WOS:000260454400045 ER PT S AU Nissly, C Seo, BJ Troy, M Angeli, G Angione, J Crossfield, I Ellerbroek, B Gilles, L Sigrist, N AF Nissly, Carl Seo, Byoung-Joon Troy, Mitchell Angeli, George Angione, John Crossfield, Ian Ellerbroek, Brent Gilles, Luc Sigrist, Norbert BE Angeli, GZ Cullum, MJ TI High-resolution optical modeling of the Thirty Meter Telescope for systematic performance trades SO MODELLING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering and Project Management for Astronomy III CY JUN 26-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE DE Optical Modeling; MACOS; Point Source Sensitivity; NFIRAOS; Thirty Meter Telescope AB We consider high-resolution optical modeling of the Thirty Meter Telescope for the purpose of error midget and instrumentation trades utilizing the Modeling and Analysis for Controlled Optical Systems tool. Using this ray-trace and diffraction model we have simulated the TMT optical errors related to multiple effects including segment alignment and phasing, segment surface figures, temperature, and gravity. We have then modeled the effects of each TMT optical error in terms of the Point Source Sensitivity (a multiplicative image plane metric) for a seeing limited case and an adaptive optics corrected case (for the NFIRAOS). This modeling provides the information necessary to rapidly conduct design grades with respect to the planned telescope instrumentation and to optimize the telescope error budget. C1 [Nissly, Carl; Seo, Byoung-Joon; Troy, Mitchell; Angione, John; Sigrist, Norbert] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nissly, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7227-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7017 BP U240 EP U251 DI 10.1117/12.788596 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIL03 UT WOS:000260454400024 ER PT S AU Seo, BJ Nissly, C Angels, G Ellerbroek, B Nelson, J Sigrist, N Troy, M AF Seo, Byoung-Joon Nissly, Carl Angels, George Ellerbroek, Brent Nelson, Jerry Sigrist, Norbert Troy, Mitchell BE Angeli, GZ Cullum, MJ TI Analysis of Normalized Point Source Sensitivity as a performance metric for the Thirty Meter Telescope SO MODELLING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering and Project Management for Astronomy III CY JUN 26-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE DE Point Source Sensitivity; Optical Modeling; Image Plane Metric; MACOS; Thirty Meter Telescope AB We investigate a new metric, Normalized Point Source Sensitivity (PSSN), for characterizing the seeing limited performance of the Thirty Meter Telescope. As the PSSN metric is directly related to the photometric error of background limited observations, it truly represents the efficiency loss in telescope observing time. The PSSN metric properly accounts for the optical consequences of wavefront spatial frequency distributions due to different error sources, which stakes it superior to traditional metrics such as the 80% encircled energy diameter. We analytically, show that multiplication of individual PSSN valises due to individual errors is a good approximation for the total PSSN when various errors are considered simultaneously. We also numerically confirm this feature for Zernike aberrations, as well as for the numerous error sources considered in the TMT error budget rising a ray optics simulator, Modeling and Analysis for Controlled Optical Systems. We also discuss other pertinent features of the PSSN including its relations to Zernike aberration and RMS wavefront error. C1 [Seo, Byoung-Joon; Nissly, Carl; Sigrist, Norbert; Troy, Mitchell] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Seo, BJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7227-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7017 BP U228 EP U239 DI 10.1117/12.790453 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIL03 UT WOS:000260454400023 ER PT J AU Smith, TB Mila, B Grether, GF Slabbekoorn, H Sepil, I Buermann, W Saatchi, S Pollinger, JP AF Smith, Thomas B. Mila, Borja Grether, Gregory F. Slabbekoorn, Hans Sepil, Irem Buermann, Wolfgang Saatchi, Sassan Pollinger, John P. TI Evolutionary consequences of human disturbance in a rainforest bird species from Central Africa SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Summit on Evolutionary Change in Human-Altered Environments CY FEB 08-10, 2007 CL Inst Environm, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA HO Inst Environm, Univ Calif Los Angeles DE AFLP; genetic structure; human disturbance; plumage divergence; rainforest diversification; song divergence; speciation ID ZONOTRICHIA-CAPENSIS; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; NATURAL-SELECTION; GENETIC-VARIATION; COLOR PATTERNS; MODIS DATA; BODY-SIZE; LEAF-AREA; SONG AB Relatively little attention has been directed towards understanding the impacts of human disturbance on evolutionary processes that produce and maintain biodiversity. Here, we examine the influence of anthropogenic habitat changes on traits typically associated with natural and sexual selection in the little greenbul (Andropadus virens), an African rainforest bird species. Using satellite remote-sensing and field survey data, we classified habitats into nonhuman-altered mature and human-altered secondary forest. Mature rainforest consisted of pristine rainforest, with little or no human influence, and secondary forest was characterized by plantations of coffee and cacao and high human impacts. Andropadus virens abundance was higher in secondary forest, and populations inhabiting mature rainforest were significantly larger in wing and tarsus length and bill size; characters often correlated with fitness. To assess the extent to which characters important in sexual section and mate choice might be influenced by habitat change, we also examined differences in plumage colour and song. Plumage colour and the variance in plumage luminance were found to differ between forest types, and song duration was found to be significantly longer in mature forest. The possible adaptive significance of these differences in traits is discussed. Despite relatively high levels of gene flow across habitats, amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed that a small proportion of high-F(ST) loci differentiated mature from secondary forest populations. These loci were significant outliers against neutral expectations in a simulation analysis, suggesting a role for divergent selection in differentiation across habitats. A distance-based redundancy analysis further showed that forest type as defined by remote-sensing variables was significantly associated with genetic dissimilarities between habitats, even when controlling for distance. The observed shifts in morphology, plumage and song were consistent with divergent selection on heritable variation, but a role for plasticity cannot be ruled out. Results suggest that anthropogenic habitat changes may have evolutionary consequences, with implications for conservation and restoration. C1 [Smith, Thomas B.; Mila, Borja; Grether, Gregory F.; Sepil, Irem; Buermann, Wolfgang; Saatchi, Sassan; Pollinger, John P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm, Ctr Trop Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Smith, Thomas B.; Mila, Borja; Grether, Gregory F.; Pollinger, John P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Slabbekoorn, Hans] Leiden Univ, IMP, NL-2300 A Leiden, Netherlands. [Saatchi, Sassan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Smith, TB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm, Ctr Trop Res, 619 Charles Young Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM tbsmith@ucla.edu RI Grether, Gregory/F-6286-2011; OI Mila, Borja/0000-0002-6446-0079 NR 72 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 58 EP 71 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03478.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 242QM UT WOS:000251740500006 PM 17868295 ER PT S AU Vertrees, RA Goodwin, T Jordan, JM Zwischenberger, JB AF Vertrees, Roger A. Goodwin, Thomas Jordan, Jeffrey M. Zwischenberger, Joseph B. BE Zander, DS Popper, HH Jagirdar, J Haque, AK Cagle, PT Barrios, R TI Tissue Culture Models SO MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY OF LUNG DISEASES SE Molecular Pathology Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID 3-DIMENSIONAL GROWTH-PATTERNS; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; IN-VITRO; DRUG-RESISTANCE; SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY; ALKYLATING-AGENTS; ORGAN-CULTURE; CANCER GROWTH; NCI SERIES C1 [Vertrees, Roger A.; Zwischenberger, Joseph B.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Surg, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Jordan, Jeffrey M.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX USA. [Goodwin, Thomas] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Dept Biomed Res, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Goodwin, Thomas] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Operat Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Vertrees, RA (reprint author), Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Surg, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. NR 110 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1935-987X BN 978-0-387-72429-4 J9 MOL PATHOL LIB PY 2008 VL 1 BP 150 EP 165 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-72430-0_15 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-72430-0 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pathology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pathology GA BKG48 UT WOS:000268026600015 ER PT J AU Massa, D Evans, NR AF Massa, D. Evans, N. R. TI The angular separation of the components of the Cepheid AW Per SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries : spectroscopic; binaries : visual; stars : individual : AW Per; Cepheids ID CLASSICAL CEPHEIDS; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MILKY-WAY; B-STARS; TEMPERATURES; EXTINCTION; PHOTOMETRY; RECALIBRATION; SUPERGIANTS AB The 6.4 d classical Cepheid AW Per is a spectroscopic binary with a period of 40 yr. Analysing the centroids of Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (HST/STIS) spectra obtained in 2001 November, we have determined the angular separation of the binary system. Although we currently have spatially resolved data for a single epoch in the orbit, the success of our approach opens the possibility of determining the inclination, sin i, for the system if the measurements are repeated at additional epochs. Since the system is potentially a double lined spectroscopic binary, the combination of spectroscopic orbits for both components and the visual orbit would give the distance to the system and the masses of its components, thereby providing a direct measurement of a Cepheid mass. C1 [Massa, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Evans, N. R.] Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Massa, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM massa@derckmassa.net; evans@head-cfa.harvard.edu NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 383 IS 1 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12520.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 243QZ UT WOS:000251813700022 ER PT J AU McGowan, KE Coe, MJ Schurch, MPE McBride, VA Galache, JL Edge, WRT Corbet, RHD Laycock, S Buckley, DAH AF McGowan, K. E. Coe, M. J. Schurch, M. P. E. McBride, V. A. Galache, J. L. Edge, W. R. T. Corbet, R. H. D. Laycock, S. Buckley, D. A. H. TI The Chandra Small Magellanic Cloud Wing Survey - the search for X-ray binaries SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : emission-line, Be; Magellanic Clouds; X-rays : binaries ID H I; PULSARS; POPULATION; LUMINOSITY; TRANSIENT; CATALOG; GALAXY; FIELD AB We have detected 523 sources in a survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) Wing with Chandra. By cross-correlating the X-ray data with optical and near-infrared catalogues, we have found 300 matches. Using a technique that combines X-ray colours and X-ray to optical flux ratios, we have been able to assign preliminary classifications to 265 of the objects. Our identifications include four pulsars, one high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) candidate, 34 stars and 185 active galactic nuclei (AGN). In addition, we have classified 32 sources as 'hard' AGN which are likely absorbed by local gas and dust, and nine 'soft' AGN whose nature is still unclear. Considering the abundance of HMXBs discovered so far in the Bar of the SMC the number that we have detected in the Wing is low. C1 [McGowan, K. E.; Coe, M. J.; Schurch, M. P. E.; McBride, V. A.; Edge, W. R. T.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Galache, J. L.; Laycock, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Corbet, R. H. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Buckley, D. A. H.] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. [Buckley, D. A. H.] So African Large Telescope Fdn, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. RP McGowan, KE (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM kem@astro.soton.ac.uk NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 383 IS 1 BP 330 EP 338 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12559.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 243QZ UT WOS:000251813700037 ER PT J AU Zhu, YQ Gelaro, R AF Zhu, Yanqiu Gelaro, Ronald TI Observation sensitivity calculations using the adjoint of the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis system SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL ASPECTS; COVARIANCES; AIRS AB The adjoint of a data assimilation system provides an efficient way of estimating sensitivities of analysis or forecast measures with respect to observations. The NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) has developed an exact adjoint of the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis scheme developed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The development approach is unique in that the adjoint is derived from a line-by-line tangent linear version of the GSI Availability of the tangent linear scheme provides an explicit means of assessing not only the fidelity of the adjoint, but also the effects of nonlinear processes in the GSI itself. In this paper, the development of the tangent linear and adjoint versions of the GSI are discussed and observation sensitivity results for a near-operational version of the system are shown. Results indicate that the GSI adjoint provides accurate assessments of the sensitivities with respect to observations of wind, temperature, satellite radiances, and, to a lesser extent, moisture. Sensitivities with respect to ozone observations are quite linear for the ozone fields themselves, but highly nonlinear for other variables. The sensitivity information provided by the adjoint is used to estimate the contribution, or impact, of various observing systems on locally defined response functions based on the analyzed increments of temperature and zonal wind. It is shown, for example, that satellite radiances have the largest impact of all observing systems on the temperature increments over the eastern North Pacific, while conventional observations from rawinsondes and aircraft dominate the impact oil the zonal wind increments over the continental United States. The observation impact calculations also provide an additional means of validating the observation sensitivities produced by the GSI adjoint. C1 [Zhu, Yanqiu; Gelaro, Ronald] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gelaro, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ron.gelaro@nasa.gov NR 22 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 136 IS 1 BP 335 EP 351 DI 10.1175/MWR3525.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256OT UT WOS:000252740200019 ER PT S AU Kovacevic, E Berndt, J Mutschke, H Stefanovic, I Winter, J Boufendi, L Pendleton, YJ AF Kovacevic, E. Berndt, J. Mutschke, Harald Stefanovic, I. Winter, J. Boufendi, Laifa Pendleton, Yvonne J. BE Mendonca, JT Resendes, DP Shukla, PK TI The perspectives of laboratory dusty plasmas for the applications in astrophysics SO MULTIFACETS OF DUSTY PLASMA SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Physics of Dusty Plasmas CY MAY 18-23, 2008 CL Ponta Delgada, PORTUGAL SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Fund Cienc Tecnol, Inst Plasmas Fusao Nucl, Inst Super Tecn, Univ Azores, Tourism Off Reg Govt Azores, Municipal Ponta Delgada DE laboratory research; dust particles; interstellar medium; planetary dust; dusty plasma ID INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; ANALOG; ULTRAVIOLET; GRAINS AB It is very well known fact that dust and dusty plasmas are ubiquitous in the space: from interstellar media, to cometary dust, planetary rings and so on. The phenomena concerning the dust in space, seems to have an immense number of facets. The help for the identification of some of the phenomena, or tracing the new ones, has coming during last few decades more and more front the physics of dust,,, plasmas. We present an overview on the development in the application of laboratory dusty plasmas seizing front the production of interstellar analogs, investigations connected with the field of the interplanetary dust and planet-formation, charging phenomena and their future possibilities of the dusty plasma applications in this field. C1 [Kovacevic, E.; Berndt, J.; Boufendi, Laifa] Univ Orleans, GREMI, Polytech Orleans, 14 Rue Issoudun,BP 6744, F-45067 Orleans, France. [Mutschke, Harald] Univ Observ Schillergaesschen, Astrophys Inst, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Mutschke, Harald] Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Stefanovic, I.; Winter, J.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt 2, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. [Pendleton, Yvonne J.] NASA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kovacevic, E (reprint author), Univ Orleans, GREMI, Polytech Orleans, 14 Rue Issoudun,BP 6744, F-45067 Orleans, France. RI Stefanovic, Ilija/F-5444-2010 OI Stefanovic, Ilija/0000-0002-1652-1287 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0569-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1041 BP 117 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BIH02 UT WOS:000259440600026 ER PT B AU Grady, CA AF Grady, C. A. BE Hubrig, S PetrGotzens, M Tokovinin, A TI The nearest pre-main sequence multiple stars SO MULTIPLE STARS ACROSS THE H-R DIAGRAM SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO Workshop on Multiple Stars Across the H-R Diagram CY JUL 12-15, 2005 CL Garching, GERMANY SP ESO ID HERBIG-AE STAR; X-RAY-EMISSION; T-TAURI STARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; AE/BE STARS; STELLAR COMPANIONS; BETA-PICTORIS; DUST DISK; HD 141569; HR 4796A AB Protoplanetary disks are where planets form; and where the pre-biotic materials which produce life-bearing worlds are assembled or produced. We need to understand them, how they interact with their central stars, and their evolution both to reconstruct the Solar System's history, and to account for the observed diversity of exo-planetary systems. Our knowledge of these systems, in terms of their disks, gas content, dust mineralogy, and accretion is most complete for the nearby PMS A stars, the Herbig Ae stars. Previously, many of the nearby Herbig Ae stars were thought to be single stars: a new generation of high angular resolution and high contrast imagery has revealed a number of binary, and multiple star systems, with a wide range of signatures of dynamical interaction with the primary star. Our current understanding of these systems is reviewed. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Eureka Sci & Explorat Universe Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Grady, CA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Eureka Sci & Explorat Universe Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-74744-4 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2008 BP 245 EP 257 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74745-1_32 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHA31 UT WOS:000251799300032 ER PT S AU Ott, MN Switzer, R Chuska, R LaRocca, F Thomes, WJ Macmurphy, S AF Ott, Melanie N. Switzer, Robert Chuska, Richard LaRocca, Frank Thomes, William Joe Macmurphy, Shawn BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Development, qualification and integration of the optical fiber array assemblies for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments II CY AUG 11-12, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE space flight; fiber optic; lunar; altimeter; array; connector; LIDAR; cable; radiation AB The NASA Goddard Fiber Optics Team in the Electrical Engineering Division of the Applied Engineering and Technology Directorate designed, developed and integrated the space flight optical fiber array hardware for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). The two new assemblies that were designed and manufactured at GSFC for the LRO exist in configurations that are unique in the world for the application of ranging and LIDAR. Described here is an account of the journey and the lessons learned from design to integration for the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter and the Laser Ranging Application on the LRO. C1 [Ott, Melanie N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ott, MN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Melanie.n.ott@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7315-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7095 AR 70950P DI 10.1117/12.797216 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJB00 UT WOS:000264283700016 ER PT S AU Prasad, NS Kinard, WH AF Prasad, Narasimha S. Kinard, William H. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI MISSE 6-Testing Materials in Space SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments II CY AUG 11-12, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE MISSE 6; Space Qualification; Laser components; International Space Station; STS-123 AB The objective of the Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) is to study the performance of novel materials when subjected to the synergistic effects of the harsh space environment for several months. In this paper, a few materials and components from NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) that have been flown on MISSE 6 mission will be discussed. These include laser and optical elements for photonic devices. The pre-characterized MISSE 6 materials were packed inside a ruggedized Passive Experiment Container (PEC) that resembles a suitcase. The PEC was tested for survivability due to launch conditions. Subsequently, the MISSE 6 PEC was transported by the STS-123 mission to International Space Station (ISS) on March 11, 2008. The astronauts successfully attached the PEC to external handrails and opened the PEC for long term exposure to the space environment. The plan is to retrieve the MISSE 6 PEC by STS-128 mission in 2009. C1 [Prasad, Narasimha S.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Prasad, NS (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, 5 N Dryden St,MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM narasimha.s.prasad@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7315-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7095 AR 70950D DI 10.1117/12.796811 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJB00 UT WOS:000264283700007 ER PT S AU Liewer, PC Alexander, D Ayon, J Kosovichev, A Mewaldt, RA Socker, DG Vourlidas, A AF Liewer, P. C. Alexander, D. Ayon, J. Kosovichev, A. Mewaldt, R. A. Socker, D. G. Vourlidas, A. BE Allen, MS TI Solar Polar Imager: Observing Solar Activity from a New Perspective SO NASA SPACE SCIENCE VISION MISSIONS SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UPPER CONVECTION ZONE; WIND; HELIOSEISMOLOGY; OSCILLATIONS; ORIGIN C1 [Liewer, P. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Astrophys & Space Sci Sect, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Socker, D. G.; Vourlidas, A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kosovichev, A.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Alexander, D.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX USA. RP Liewer, PC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Astrophys & Space Sci Sect, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-934-2 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2008 VL 224 BP 1 EP 40 PG 40 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU77 UT WOS:000267213900002 ER PT S AU Levine, JS Wright, HS AF Levine, Joel S. Wright, Henry S. BE Allen, MS TI Titan Explorer: The Next Step in the Exploration of a Mysterious World SO NASA SPACE SCIENCE VISION MISSIONS SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PALEOATMOSPHERE C1 [Levine, Joel S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Wright, Henry S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Syst Engn Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Levine, Joel S.] NASA Headquarters, Sci Mission Directorate, Mars Explorat Program, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Levine, JS (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-934-2 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2008 VL 224 BP 41 EP 80 PG 40 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU77 UT WOS:000267213900003 ER PT S AU Ingersoll, AP Spilker, TR AF Ingersoll, Andrew P. Spilker, Thomas R. BE Allen, MS TI A Neptune Orbiter with Probes Mission with Aerocapture Orbit Insertion SO NASA SPACE SCIENCE VISION MISSIONS SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE; VOYAGER MEASUREMENTS; HELIUM ABUNDANCE; SCIENCE; TRITON; CLOUDS; TITAN C1 [Ingersoll, Andrew P.; Spilker, Thomas R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Ingersoll, AP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-934-2 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2008 VL 224 BP 81 EP 113 PG 33 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU77 UT WOS:000267213900004 ER PT S AU Bienstock, B Atkinson, D Atreya, S Baines, K Wright, M Masciarelli, J AF Bienstock, Bernard Atkinson, David Atreya, Sushil Baines, Kevin Wright, Michael Masciarelli, James BE Allen, MS TI Neptune Orbiter, Probe, and Triton Lander Mission SO NASA SPACE SCIENCE VISION MISSIONS SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID JUPITER; ORIGIN C1 [Bienstock, Bernard] Boeing Co, El Segundo, CA USA. [Atkinson, David] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Bienstock, Bernard; Baines, Kevin] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Atreya, Sushil] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wright, Michael] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Masciarelli, James] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bienstock, B (reprint author), NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-934-2 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2008 VL 224 BP 115 EP 154 PG 40 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU77 UT WOS:000267213900005 ER PT S AU Carpenter, KG Schrijver, CJ Karovska, M AF Carpenter, Kenneth G. Schrijver, Carolus J. Karovska, Margarita BE Allen, MS TI The Stellar Imager SO NASA SPACE SCIENCE VISION MISSIONS SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Carpenter, Kenneth G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schrijver, Carolus J.] Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Karovska, Margarita] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Carpenter, KG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Carpenter, Kenneth/D-4740-2012 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-934-2 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2008 VL 224 BP 191 EP 227 PG 37 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU77 UT WOS:000267213900007 ER PT S AU Lester, D Blain, A Stacey, G Benford, D Leisawitz, D Mather, J Moseley, H Walyus, K Bradford, M Dragovan, M Langer, B Lawrence, C Nash, A Yorke, H Rieke, G Young, E Mundy, L AF Lester, Dan Blain, Andrew Stacey, Gordon Benford, Dominic Leisawitz, David Mather, John Moseley, Harvey Walyus, Keith Bradford, Matt Dragovan, Mark Langer, Bill Lawrence, Charles Nash, Al Yorke, Hal Rieke, George Young, Erick Mundy, Lee CA Consortium, S BE Allen, MS TI The Single Aperture Far Infrared Observatory SO NASA SPACE SCIENCE VISION MISSIONS SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lester, Dan] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Blain, Andrew] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Stacey, Gordon] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Benford, Dominic; Leisawitz, David; Mather, John; Moseley, Harvey; Walyus, Keith] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bradford, Matt; Dragovan, Mark; Langer, Bill; Lawrence, Charles; Nash, Al; Yorke, Hal] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Rieke, George; Young, Erick] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Mundy, Lee] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lester, D (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-934-2 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2008 VL 224 BP 263 EP 300 PG 38 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU77 UT WOS:000267213900009 ER PT S AU Harwit, M Leisawitz, D Rinehart, S Benford, D Budinoff, J Chalmers, R Cottingham, C Danchi, W DiPirro, MJ Farley, R Hyde, TT Jones, AL Kuchner, MJ Liu, A Lyon, R Mather, JC Marx, CT Martino, AJ Moseley, SH Ollendorf, S Quinn, DA Silverberg, RF Whitehouse, P Wilson, M Pearson, JC Lawrence, C Serabyn, E Shao, M Smythe, R Yorke, HW Mundy, LG Lorenzini, E Bombardelli, C Allen, RJ Calzetti, D Blain, A Doggett, W Labeyrie, A Nakagawa, T Neufeld, DA Satyapal, S Stacey, G Wright, EL Elias, NM Fischer, D Leitch, J Noecker, MC Espero, T Friedman, EJ Woodruff, RA Lillie, CF AF Harwit, Martin Leisawitz, David Rinehart, Stephen Benford, Dominic Budinoff, Jason Chalmers, Robert Cottingham, Christine Danchi, William DiPirro, Michael J. Farley, Rodger Hyde, T. Tupper Jones, Andrew L. Kuchner, Marc J. Liu, Alice Lyon, Richard Mather, John C. Marx, Catherine T. Martino, Anthony J. Moseley, S. Harvey Ollendorf, Stanford Quinn, David A. Silverberg, Robert F. Whitehouse, Paul Wilson, Mark Pearson, John C. Lawrence, Charles Serabyn, Eugene Shao, Michael Smythe, Robert Yorke, Harold W. Mundy, Lee G. Lorenzini, Enrico Bombardelli, Claudio Allen, Ronald J. Calzetti, Daniela Blain, Andrew Doggett, William Labeyrie, Antoine Nakagawa, Takao Neufeld, David A. Satyapal, Shobita Stacey, Gordon Wright, Edward L. Elias, Nicholas M., II Fischer, David Leitch, James Noecker, M. Charles Espero, Tracey Friedman, Edward J. Woodruff, Robert A. Lillie, Charles F. CA SPECS Consortium BE Allen, MS TI A Kilometer-Baseline Far-Infrared/Submillimeter Interferometer in Space SO NASA SPACE SCIENCE VISION MISSIONS SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; 1ST STARS; EMISSION C1 [Harwit, Martin; Stacey, Gordon] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Leisawitz, David; Rinehart, Stephen; Benford, Dominic; Budinoff, Jason; Chalmers, Robert; Cottingham, Christine; Danchi, William; DiPirro, Michael J.; Farley, Rodger; Hyde, T. Tupper; Jones, Andrew L.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Liu, Alice; Lyon, Richard; Mather, John C.; Marx, Catherine T.; Martino, Anthony J.; Moseley, S. Harvey; Ollendorf, Stanford; Quinn, David A.; Silverberg, Robert F.; Whitehouse, Paul; Wilson, Mark] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pearson, John C.; Lawrence, Charles; Serabyn, Eugene; Shao, Michael; Smythe, Robert; Yorke, Harold W.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Mundy, Lee G.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lorenzini, Enrico; Bombardelli, Claudio] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Allen, Ronald J.; Calzetti, Daniela] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Blain, Andrew] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Doggett, William] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Labeyrie, Antoine] Observ Heaute Provence, St Michel, France. [Nakagawa, Takao] Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 229, Japan. [Neufeld, David A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Satyapal, Shobita] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Wright, Edward L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Elias, Nicholas M., II; Fischer, David; Leitch, James; Noecker, M. Charles] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Espero, Tracey; Friedman, Edward J.] Boeing Co, Boulder, CO USA. [Woodruff, Robert A.] Lockheed Martin, Boulder, CO USA. [Lillie, Charles F.] Northrop Grumman, Redondo Beach, CA USA. RP Harwit, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-934-2 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2008 VL 224 BP 301 EP 326 PG 26 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU77 UT WOS:000267213900010 ER PT S AU Brissenden, RJ Elvis, MS Reid, PB Schwartz, DA Figueroa-Feliciano, E Zhang, WW Bautz, MW AF Brissenden, Roger J. Elvis, Martin S. Reid, Paul B. Schwartz, Daniel A. Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali Zhang, William W. Bautz, Mark W. BE Allen, MS TI Generation-X Vision Mission SO NASA SPACE SCIENCE VISION MISSIONS SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; SPIRAL GALAXY LUMINOSITIES; STAR-FORMATION RATE; STELLAR OBJECTS; RAY-PROPERTIES; ORION-NEBULA; BLACK-HOLES; MASS; PERFORMANCE; POPULATION C1 [Brissenden, Roger J.; Elvis, Martin S.; Reid, Paul B.; Schwartz, Daniel A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali; Zhang, William W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bautz, Mark W.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Brissenden, RJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-934-2 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2008 VL 224 BP 327 EP 367 PG 41 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU77 UT WOS:000267213900011 ER PT S AU Boggs, S Wunderer, C Zoglauer, A Dermer, C Kurfess, J Novikova, EI Phlips, B Wulf, E Bloser, P McConnell, M Ryan, J Aprile, E Gehrels, N Sturner, S Hoover, A Kippen, M Klimenk, A Tournear, D Hartmann, D Leising, M Baring, M Kocevski, D Oberlack, U Polsen, M Zych, A Harris, M Weidenspointner, G Milne, P Beacom, J Bildsten, L Hernanz, M Smith, D Starrfield, S AF Boggs, Steven Wunderer, Cornelia Zoglauer, Andreas Dermer, Charles Kurfess, James Novikova, Elena I. Phlips, Bernard Wulf, Eric Bloser, Peter McConnell, Mark Ryan, James Aprile, Elena Gehrels, Neil Sturner, Steven Hoover, Andrew Kippen, Marc Klimenk, Alexei Tournear, Derek Hartmann, Dieter Leising, Mark Baring, Matthew Kocevski, Dan Oberlack, Uwe Polsen, Mark Zych, Allen Harris, Michael Weidenspointner, Georg Milne, Peter Beacom, John Bildsten, Lars Hernanz, Margarita Smith, David Starrfield, Sumner CA ACT Consortium BE Allen, MS TI The Advanced Compton Telescope Mission SO NASA SPACE SCIENCE VISION MISSIONS SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MICRO-WELL DETECTORS; GAMMA-RAY TELESCOPE; X-RAY; SPECTROSCOPY; ASTROPHYSICS; PERFORMANCE; LXEGRIT; ABOARD C1 [Boggs, Steven; Wunderer, Cornelia; Zoglauer, Andreas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dermer, Charles; Kurfess, James; Novikova, Elena I.; Phlips, Bernard; Wulf, Eric] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bloser, Peter; McConnell, Mark; Ryan, James] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Aprile, Elena] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Gehrels, Neil; Sturner, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hoover, Andrew; Kippen, Marc; Klimenk, Alexei; Tournear, Derek] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, CA USA. [Hartmann, Dieter; Leising, Mark] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. [Baring, Matthew; Kocevski, Dan; Oberlack, Uwe] Rice Univ, Houston, TX USA. [Polsen, Mark; Zych, Allen] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Harris, Michael; Weidenspointner, Georg] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, Toulouse, France. [Milne, Peter] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Beacom, John] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bildsten, Lars] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hernanz, Margarita] IEEC CSIC, Bellaterra, Spain. [Smith, David] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Starrfield, Sumner] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Boggs, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012; Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015 OI Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-934-2 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2008 VL 224 BP 369 EP 404 PG 36 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU77 UT WOS:000267213900012 ER PT S AU Prusha, SL AF Prusha, Stephen L. BE Allen, MS TI Vision Mission Technology SO NASA SPACE SCIENCE VISION MISSIONS SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Strateg Planning & Mission Formulat Off, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Prusha, SL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Strateg Planning & Mission Formulat Off, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-934-2 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2008 VL 224 BP 405 EP 418 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU77 UT WOS:000267213900013 ER PT B AU McGlynn, TA AF McGlynn, Thomas A. BE Graham, MJ Fitzpatrick, MJ McGlynn, TA TI Chapter 4: Stand-alone applications - Using Aladin in the virtual observatory SO NATIONAL VIRTUAL OBSERVATORY: TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR ASTRONOMICAL RESEARCH SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Virtual Observatory Summer School CY 2006 CL Aspen, CO SP US Natl Virtual Observ, NSF, NASA C1 NASA, GSFC, High Energy Astrophys Sci Arch Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP McGlynn, TA (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, High Energy Astrophys Sci Arch Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-327-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 382 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BHJ47 UT WOS:000253565100005 ER PT B AU McGlynn, TA AF McGlynn, Thomas A. BE Graham, MJ Fitzpatrick, MJ McGlynn, TA TI Chapter 5: Stand-alone applications - Using virtual observatory services in SkyView SO NATIONAL VIRTUAL OBSERVATORY: TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR ASTRONOMICAL RESEARCH SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Virtual Observatory Summer School CY 2006 CL Aspen, CO SP US Natl Virtual Observ, NSF, NASA C1 NASA, GSFC, High Energy Astrophys Sci Arch Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP McGlynn, TA (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, High Energy Astrophys Sci Arch Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-327-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 382 BP 43 EP 49 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BHJ47 UT WOS:000253565100006 ER PT B AU McGlynn, TA AF McGlynn, Thomas A. BE Graham, MJ Fitzpatrick, MJ McGlynn, TA TI Chapter 6: Web-based tools - Using the virtual observatory DataScope tool SO NATIONAL VIRTUAL OBSERVATORY: TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR ASTRONOMICAL RESEARCH SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Virtual Observatory Summer School CY 2006 CL Aspen, CO SP US Natl Virtual Observ, NSF, NASA C1 NASA, GSFC, High Energy Astrophys Sci Arch Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP McGlynn, TA (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, High Energy Astrophys Sci Arch Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-327-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 382 BP 51 EP 57 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BHJ47 UT WOS:000253565100007 ER PT B AU McGlynn, TA AF McGlynn, Thomas A. BE Graham, MJ Fitzpatrick, MJ McGlynn, TA TI How to build a virtual observatory SkyNode SO NATIONAL VIRTUAL OBSERVATORY: TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR ASTRONOMICAL RESEARCH SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Virtual Observatory Summer School CY 2006 CL Aspen, CO SP US Natl Virtual Observ, NSF, NASA C1 NASA, GSFC, High Energy Astrophys Sci Arch Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP McGlynn, TA (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, High Energy Astrophys Sci Arch Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-327-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 382 BP 569 EP 583 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BHJ47 UT WOS:000253565100054 ER PT B AU McGlynn, TA Nieto-Santisteban, M AF McGlynn, Thomas A. Nieto-Santisteban, Maria BE Graham, MJ Fitzpatrick, MJ McGlynn, TA TI Introduction to SQL SO NATIONAL VIRTUAL OBSERVATORY: TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR ASTRONOMICAL RESEARCH SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Virtual Observatory Summer School CY 2006 CL Aspen, CO SP US Natl Virtual Observ, NSF, NASA C1 [McGlynn, Thomas A.] NASA, GSFC, High Energy Astronomia Geofis & Ciencias Atmosfer, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP McGlynn, TA (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, High Energy Astronomia Geofis & Ciencias Atmosfer, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-327-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 382 BP 643 EP 653 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BHJ47 UT WOS:000253565100059 ER PT B AU Frebel, A Prieto, CA Roederer, IU Shetrone, MD Rhee, J Sneden, C Beers, TC Cowan, JJ AF Frebel, A. Prieto, C. Allende Roederer, I. U. Shetrone, M. D. Rhee, J. Sneden, C. Beers, T. C. Cowan, J. J. BE Frebel, A Maund, JR Shen, J Siegel, MH TI The Hobby-Eberly Telescope Chemical Abundances of Stars in the Halo (CASH) Project I. Observations of the first year SO NEW HORIZONS IN ASTRONOMY: FRANK N. BASH SYMPOSIUM 2007 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Frank N Bash Symposium on New Horizons Astronomy CY OCT 14-16, 2007 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX SP McDonald Observ Board Visitors HO Univ Texas AB We present preliminary results obtained from the first year of observations of a new, long-term project of the University of Texas, the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Chemical Abundances of Stars in the Halo (CASH) Project. C1 [Frebel, A.; Shetrone, M. D.] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, 1 Univ Stn,C1402, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Frebel, A.; Prieto, C. Allende; Roederer, I. U.; Shetrone, M. D.; Sneden, C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Rhee, J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rhee, J.] AURA Inc, Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Natl Opt Astron Observ, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gene, I-10124 Turin, Italy. Monash Univ, Ctr Stellar & Planetary Astrophys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Beers, T. C.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Study Cosm Evolut, Join Inst Nucl Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cowan, J. J.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Roederer, IU (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM anna@astro.as.utexas.edu; iur@astro.as.utexas.edu; chris@verdi.as.utexas.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-656-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 393 BP 203 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BID35 UT WOS:000258531300018 ER PT B AU Johnson, TV Castillo-Rogez, JC Matson, DL AF Johnson, Torrence V. Castillo-Rogez, Julie C. Matson, Dennis L. BE Guandalini, R Palmerini, S Busso, M TI Thermal and dynamical histories of Saturn's satellites: Evidence for the presence of short lived radioactive isotopes SO NINTH TORINO WORKSHOP ON EVOLUTION AND NUCLEOSYNTHESIS IN AGB STARS AND THE SECOND PERUGIA WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Torino Workshop on Evolution and Nucleosynthesis in AGB Stars/2nd Perugia Workshop on Nuclear Astrophysics CY OCT 21-27, 2007 CL Perugia, ITALY SP Univ Perugia, INFN, INAF, Univ Granada DE (25)Al; Iapetus; satellites; chronology; Saturn; Cassini ID ICY SATELLITES; ENCELADUS; ROTATION; IAPETUS AB Recent observations of Saturn's satellite system from the Cassini/Huygens mission present serious challenges to understanding the current dynamical states and thermal histories of these icy bodies using conventional thermal models that use long lived radioactive isotopes (LLRI) as the primary heat sources. In particular, the most distant of the regular satellites, Iapetus, is in synchronous rotation about Saturn, implying relatively high levels of dissipation of tidal energy. However, it retains a highly non-equilibrium, oblate spheroid, shape, implying a thick cold, mechanically rigid outer layer or lithosphere. Thermal history models of Iapetus that successfully explain these apparently contradictory characteristics require significant heating early in the satellite's history from short lived radioactive isotopes (SRLI), particularly At, implying a formation time for Iapetus of between 2.5 and 5 Myr after the formation of Calcium(26) Aluminum Inclusions (CAIs) [1]. The characteristics of the other icy satellites in the system are consistent with this formation time, and the current thermal geyser activity on the more silicate-rich satellite Enceladus may be related to such an early heating event. A consequence of these early formation time models is that the early crust of Iapetus is too thin and weak to retain large impact basin topography until about 100 Myr after formation, and despinning to synchronous rotation might have occurred from 200-900 Myr after formation. This chronology is consistent with the formation of the large impact basins observed on Iapetus' surface by the 'late heavy bombardment' or 'lunar cataclysm' event recorded in the dating of samples from the Moon at 3900 Ma. C1 [Johnson, Torrence V.; Castillo-Rogez, Julie C.; Matson, Dennis L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Johnson, TV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 978-0-7354-0520-2 PY 2008 BP 262 EP 268 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHP48 UT WOS:000255181400034 ER PT B AU Van Winckel, H Deroo, P Gielen, C Reyniers, M van Aarle, E Vidal, E AF Van Winckel, Hans Deroo, Pieter Gielen, Clio Reyniers, Maarten van Aarle, Els Vidal, Edgardo BE Guandalini, R Palmerini, S Busso, M TI Circumbinary discs around post-AGB binary stars: A common phenomenon SO NINTH TORINO WORKSHOP ON EVOLUTION AND NUCLEOSYNTHESIS IN AGB STARS AND THE SECOND PERUGIA WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Torino Workshop on Evolution and Nucleosynthesis in AGB Stars/2nd Perugia Workshop on Nuclear Astrophysics CY OCT 21-27, 2007 CL Perugia, ITALY SP Univ Perugia, INFN, INAF, Univ Granada DE stars : AGB, post-AGB; stars : evolution; stars : binaries; stars : circurnstellar matter ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; RV-TAURI STARS; DUSTY DISC; IRAS-08544-4431; DEPLETION; EVOLUTION; HERCULIS AB In this contribution we report on the results of our studies on the diverse impact of the circumstellar material on the evolution of binary post-AGB stars. Binary post-AGB stars are common and thanks to our radial velocity monitoring program we could identify the binary observables (period, eccentricity, mass function) of a significant fraction of the whole Galactic sample. We argue that the circumstellar material around all the studied objects is dominated by a circumbinary disc. Using the newly available interferometric capabilities at ESO, we were able to resolve the discs and study their structure in detail. We argue that the discs are stable and in hydrostatic equilibrium. The impact of the disc on the evolution of the system can hardly be overestimated and the formation and evolution of the disc has a fundamental impact on the evolution of the system. We touch upon the poorly understood connection between the binary post-AGB stars and the other groups of evolved binaries. C1 [Van Winckel, Hans; Deroo, Pieter; Gielen, Clio; Reyniers, Maarten; van Aarle, Els] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Deroo, Pieter] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Reyniers, Maarten] KMI, Dept Waarnemingen, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Vidal, Edgardo] Univ Ghent, Sterrenkundig Observatorium, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Van Winckel, H (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RI Van Winckel, Hans/I-7863-2013 OI Van Winckel, Hans/0000-0001-5158-9327 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 978-0-7354-0520-2 PY 2008 BP 349 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHP48 UT WOS:000255181400044 ER PT S AU Anastasi, RF AF Anastasi, Robert F. BE Shull, PJ Wu, HF Diaz, AA Vogel, DW TI Investigation of fiber waviness in a thick glass composite beam using THz NDE SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS, AEROSPACE ENGINEERING, CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE, AND HOMELAND SECURITY 2008 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security 2008 CY MAR 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Mech Engn, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE terahertz; nondestructive evaluation; laminated composite; waviness ID TERAHERTZ; TIME; TECHNOLOGY; EQUATIONS AB Fiber waviness in laminated composite material is introduced during manufacture because of uneven curing, resin shrinkage, or ply buckling caused by bending the composite lay-up into its final shape prior to curing. The resulting waviness has a detrimental effect on mechanical properties, therefore this condition is important to detect and characterize. Ultrasonic characterization methods are difficult to interpret because elastic wave propagation is highly dependent on ply orientation and material stresses. By comparison, the pulsed terahertz response of the composite is shown to provide clear indications of the fiber waviness. Pulsed Terahertz NDE is an electromagnetic inspection method that operates in the frequency range between 300 GHz and 3 THz. Its propagation is influenced by refractive index variations and interfaces. This work applies pulsed Terahertz NDE to the inspection of a thick composite beam with fiber waviness. The sample is a laminated glass composite material approximately 15mm thick with a 90-degree bend. Terahertz response from the planar section, away from the bend, is indicative of a homogeneous material with no major reflections from internal plies, while the multiple reflections at the bend area correspond to the fiber waviness. Results of these measurements are presented for the planar and bend areas. C1 USA, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Vehicle Technol Directorate, NASA Langley Res Ctr,AMSRD ARL VT MD,Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Anastasi, RF (reprint author), USA, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Vehicle Technol Directorate, NASA Langley Res Ctr,AMSRD ARL VT MD,Res Lab, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7120-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6934 AR 69340K DI 10.1117/12.776765 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BHW62 UT WOS:000257064400018 ER PT J AU Howell, PA Winfree, WP Cramer, KE AF Howell, Patricia A. Winfree, William P. Cramer, K. Elliott TI On-orbit passive thermography SO NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE thermography; shuttle; impact damage; RCC; composites ID DEPTH AB On July 12, 2006, British-born astronaut Piers Sellers became the first person to conduct thermal nondestructive evaluation experiments in space, demonstrating the feasibility of a new tool for detecting damage to the reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) structures of the Shuttle. This new tool was an extravehicular activity (EVA, or spacewalk) compatible infrared camera developed by NASA engineers. Data was collected both on the wing leading edge of the orbiter and on pre-damaged samples mounted in the Shuttle's cargo bay. A total of 10 infrared movies were collected during the EVA totaling over 250MB of data. Images were downloaded from the orbiting Shuttle to Johnson Space Center for analysis and processing. Results are shown to be comparable to ground-based thermal inspections performed in the laboratory with the same type of camera and simulated solar heating. The EVA camera system detected flat-bottom holes as small as 2.54cm in diameter with 50% material loss from the back (hidden) surface in RCC during this first test of the EVA IR Camera. Data for the time history of the specimen temperature and the capability of the inspection system for imaging impact damage are presented. C1 [Howell, Patricia A.; Winfree, William P.; Cramer, K. Elliott] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Howell, PA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM p.a.howell@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-9759 J9 NONDESTRUCT TEST EVA JI Nondestruct. Test. Eval. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 195 EP 210 DI 10.1080/10589750701855171 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 340CF UT WOS:000258623000003 ER PT J AU Rabier, F Gauthier, P Cardinali, C Langland, R Tsyrulnikov, M Lorenc, A Steinle, P Gelaro, R Koizumi, K AF Rabier, F. Gauthier, P. Cardinali, C. Langland, R. Tsyrulnikov, M. Lorenc, A. Steinle, P. Gelaro, R. Koizumi, K. TI An update on THORPEX-related research in data assimilation and observing strategies SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM KALMAN-FILTER; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; BACKGROUND-ERROR COVARIANCES; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; OBSERVATION IMPACT; SATELLITE DATA; SYSTEM; ATLANTIC AB The international programme 'THORPEX: a World Weather Research Programme' provides a framework in which to tackle the challenge of improving the forecast skill of high-impact weather through international collaboration between academic institutions, operational forecast centres, and users of forecast products. The objectives of the THORPEX Data Assimilation and Observation Strategy Working Group (DAOS-WG) are two-fold. The primary goal is to assess the impact of observations and various targeting methods to provide guidance for observation campaigns and for the configuration of the Global Observing System. The secondary goal is to setup an optimal framework for data assimilation, including aspects such as targeted observations, satellite data, background error covariances and quality control. The Atlantic THORPEX Regional campaign, ATReC, in 2003, has been very successful technically and has provided valuable datasets to test targeting issues. Various data impact experiments have been performed, showing a small but very slightly positive impact of targeted observations. Projects of the DAOS-WG include working on the AMMA field experiment, in the context of IPY and to prepare the future THORPEX-PARC field campaign in the Pacific by comparing sensitivity of the forecasts to observations between several groups. C1 [Rabier, F.] CNRM GAME, Meteo, France. [Rabier, F.] CNRS, F-75700 Paris, France. [Gauthier, P.] Univ Quebec Montreal, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Cardinali, C.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Langland, R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Tsyrulnikov, M.] Hydrometeorol Res Ctr Russia, Moscow, Russia. [Gelaro, R.] NASA, Global Modelling & Assimilat Off, Washington, DC USA. RP Rabier, F (reprint author), CNRM GAME, Meteo, France. EM Florence.Rabier@meteo.fr OI Gauthier, Pierre/0000-0001-9000-9313; Tsyrulnikov, Michael/0000-0002-7357-334X NR 55 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2008 VL 15 IS 1 BP 81 EP 94 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 269TH UT WOS:000253672700008 ER PT S AU Kurland, J AF Kurland, Jon BE Allee, BJ TI Meeting the Environmental Challenge in the North Aleutian Basin SO NORTH ALEUTIAN BASIN ENERGY-FISHERIES, WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS SE ALASKA SEA GRANT REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT North Aleutian Basin Energy Fisheries Workshop CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Anchorage, AK C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. RP Kurland, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA SN 0271-7069 BN 978-1-56612-137-8 J9 ALASKA SEA PY 2008 VL 09-03 BP 50 EP 52 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BJG20 UT WOS:000265596600008 ER PT J AU Moisan, TA AF Moisan, Tiffany A. TI Note: A unique linkage in carbon energy transfer: A heterotrophic Protoperidinium grazing on a Phaeocystis colony in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica SO NOVA HEDWIGIA LA English DT Article DE Phaeocystis; heterotrophy; pallium feeding; Protoperidinium C1 NASA, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Sci, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Moisan, TA (reprint author), NASA, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Sci, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. EM tmoisan@osb.wff.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0029-5035 J9 NOVA HEDWIGIA JI Nova Hedwigia PY 2008 SU 133 BP 113 EP 114 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 276TO UT WOS:000254166200012 ER PT B AU Cochran, DJ Buchner, SP Sanders, AB Label, KA Carts, MA Poivey, CF Oldham, TR Ladbury, RL O'Bryan, MV Mackey, S AF Cochran, Donna J. Buchner, Stephen P. Sanders, Anthony B. LaBel, Kenneth A. Carts, Martin A. Poivey, Christian F. Oldham, Timothy R. Ladbury, Raymond L. O'Bryan, Martha V. Mackey, Susan GP IEEE TI Compendium of Recent Total Ionizing Dose Results for Candidate Spacecraft Electronics for NASA SO NSRE: 2008 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop 2008 CY JUL 14-18, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE DE Total Ionizing Dose AB Radiation Effects testing on a variety of candidate spacecraft electronics to total ionizing dose is studied. Devices tested include digital, analog, mixed signal, and hybrid devices. C1 [Cochran, Donna J.; Carts, Martin A.; O'Bryan, Martha V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, MEI Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cochran, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, MEI Technol Inc, Code 561-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM donna.j.cochran@nasa.gov; Stephen.p.buchner@nasa.gov; Anthony.B.Sanders@nasa.gov; Kenneth.A.Label@nasa.gov; martin.a.carts@nasa.gov; christian.poivey@esa.int; raymnond.L.Ladbury@nasa.gov; Martha.v.obryan@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2545-7 PY 2008 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1109/REDW.2008.9 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BIM83 UT WOS:000260931600002 ER PT B AU O'Bryan, MV Label, KA Buchner, SP Ladbury, RL Poivey, CF Oldham, TR Campola, MJ Carts, MA Berg, MD Sanders, AB Mackey, SR AF O'Bryan, Martha V. LaBel, Kenneth A. Buchner, Stephen P. Ladbury, Ray L. Poivey, Christian F. Oldham, Timothy R. Campola, Michael J. Carts, Martin A. Berg, Melanie D. Sanders, Anthony B. Mackey, Susan R. GP IEEE TI Compendium of Recent Single Event Effects Results for Candidate Spacecraft Electronics for NASA SO NSRE: 2008 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop 2008 CY JUL 14-18, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE DE Single event effects; spacecraft electronics; digital; linear bipolar; hybrid devices ID PULSED-LASER AB We present the results of single event effects testing and analysis investigating the effects of radiation on electronics. This paper is a summary of test results. C1 [O'Bryan, Martha V.; Poivey, Christian F.; Campola, Michael J.; Carts, Martin A.; Berg, Melanie D.; Mackey, Susan R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, MEI Technol Inc, Code 561-4,Bldg 22,Rm 062A, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [LaBel, Kenneth A.; Ladbury, Ray L.; Sanders, Anthony B.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Buchner, Stephen P.; Oldham, Timothy R.] NASA, GSFC, Perot Syst Govt Serv Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP O'Bryan, MV (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, MEI Technol Inc, Code 561-4,Bldg 22,Rm 062A, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM martha.v.obryan@nasa.gov; kenneth.a.label@nasa.gov; stephen.p.buchner@nasa.gov; raymond.l.ladbury@nasa.gov; Christian.Poivey@esa.int; timothy.r.oldham@nasa.gov; Michael.J.Campola@nasa.gov; Martin.A.Carts@nasa.gov; Melanie.D.Berg@nasa.gov; Anthony.B.Sanders@nasa.gov FU NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP); NASA Flight Projects; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO [08-4343I] FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP), NASA Flight Projects, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO# 08-4343I. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2545-7 PY 2008 BP 11 EP + DI 10.1109/REDW.2008.10 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BIM83 UT WOS:000260931600003 ER PT B AU Allen, GR AF Allen, Gregory R. GP IEEE TI Compendium of Test Results of Single Event Effects Conducted by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory SO NSRE: 2008 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop 2008 CY JUL 14-18, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE DE Single Event Effects; compendium; analog switches; ADC; DAC; oscillators; SDRAM; FPGA; drivers; microprocessors; voltage comparator; voltage regulator ID UPSET; MICROPROCESSOR AB This paper reports heavy ion and proton induced single event effects results for a variety of microelectronic devices targeted for possible use in NASA spacecrafts. The compendium covers a sampling of devices tested over the past eight years. C1 Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Allen, GR (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 303-220, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM gregory.r.allen@jpl.nasa.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2545-7 PY 2008 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1109/REDW.2008.11 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BIM83 UT WOS:000260931600004 ER PT B AU Oldham, TR Suhail, M Friendlich, MR Carts, MA Ladbury, RL Kim, HS Berg, MD Poivey, C Buchner, SP Sanders, AB Seidleck, CM LaBel, KA AF Oldham, T. R. Suhail, M. Friendlich, M. R. Carts, M. A. Ladbury, R. L. Kim, H. S. Berg, M. D. Poivey, C. Buchner, S. P. Sanders, A. B. Seidleck, C. M. LaBel, K. A. GP IEEE TI TID and SEE Response of Advanced 4G NAND Flash Memories SO NSRE: 2008 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop 2008 CY JUL 14-18, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE ID FIGURE; MERIT AB We present total dose and SEE responses for 4G NAND flash memories by three different manufacturers. The SEE response is scaled to predict the response to atmospheric neutrons at aircraft altitudes and at sea level using the Figure of Merit. C1 [Oldham, T. R.; Buchner, S. P.] NASA, GSFC, Perot Syst Govt Serv Inc, Code 561-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Suhail, M.] Freescale Semicond, Austin, TX 78735 USA. [Friendlich, M. R.; Carts, M. A.; Kim, H. S.; Berg, M. D.; Seidleck, C. M.] MEI Technol Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. [Ladbury, R. L.; Sanders, A. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Poivey, C.] European Space Agcy, Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Oldham, TR (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, Perot Syst Govt Serv Inc, Code 561-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM timothy.r.oldham@nasa.gov FU NASA; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO [08-43431] FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO 08-43431. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2545-7 PY 2008 BP 31 EP + DI 10.1109/REDW.2008.12 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BIM83 UT WOS:000260931600005 ER PT B AU Ladbury, R Berg, MD LaBel, KA Friendlich, M Phan, A Kim, H AF Ladbury, R. Berg, M. D. LaBel, K. A. Friendlich, M. Phan, A. Kim, H. GP IEEE TI Radiation Performance of 1 Gbit DDR2 SDRAMs Fabricated with 80-90 nm CMOS SO NSRE: 2008 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop 2008 CY JUL 14-18, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE DE text AB We present radiation performance of 1 Gbit DDR2 SDRAMs from three different vendors, including susceptibilities to TID damage and to destructive and nondestructive SEE. C1 [Ladbury, R.; LaBel, K. A.] NASA, GSFC, Code 561-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Berg, M. D.; Friendlich, M.; Phan, A.; Kim, H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, MEI Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ladbury, R (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, Code 561-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM raymond.1.ladbury@nasa.gov; melanie.d.berg@nasa.gov; kenneth.a.label@nasa.gov; mark.r.friendlich@nasa.gov; anthony.m.phan@nasa.gov; hak.s.kim@nasa.gov FU NASA; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO [08-4343I] FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP), NASA Flight Projects, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO# 08-4343I. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2545-7 PY 2008 BP 42 EP + DI 10.1109/REDW.2008.14 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BIM83 UT WOS:000260931600007 ER PT B AU Scheick, L Guertin, S Nguyen, D AF Scheick, Leif Guertin, Steve Nguyen, Due GP IEEE TI Investigation of the Mechanism of Stuck Bits in High Capacity SDRAMs SO NSRE: 2008 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop 2008 CY JUL 14-18, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE AB The phenomenon of stuck bits in SDRAMs is studied. Previous work demonstrated this effect is linear with fluence, and is due to reduction in retention time of stuck cells. Particular emphasis is placed on variations in cell structure that affect sensitivity. The exact mechanism of a stuck bit is predicted. C1 [Scheick, Leif; Guertin, Steve; Nguyen, Due] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Scheick, L (reprint author), CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2545-7 PY 2008 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1109/REDW.2008.15 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BIM83 UT WOS:000260931600008 ER PT B AU Miyahira, TF Irom, F AF Miyahira, Tetsuo F. Irom, Farokh GP IEEE TI Results of Single-Event Latchup Measurements Conducted by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory SO NSRE: 2008 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop 2008 CY JUL 14-18, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE ID INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; TEMPERATURE AB This paper reports recent single-event latchup results for a variety of microelectronic devices including an digital, analog, and CMOS. The data was collected to evaluate these devices for possible use in NASA spacecraft. C1 [Miyahira, Tetsuo F.; Irom, Farokh] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Miyahira, TF (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM tetsuo.f.miyahira@jpl.nasa.gov; farokh.irom@jpl.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2545-7 PY 2008 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1109/REDW.2008.16 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BIM83 UT WOS:000260931600009 ER PT B AU Irom, F Miyahira, TF AF Irom, Farokh Miyahira, Tetsuo F. GP IEEE TI Results of Single-Event Transient Measurements Conducted by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory SO NSRE: 2008 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop 2008 CY JUL 14-18, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE ID CIRCUITS AB This paper reports recent single-event transient results for a variety of microelectronic devices that include differential line receivers, drivers and transceiver. The data was collected to evaluate these devices for possible use in NASA spacecraft. C1 [Irom, Farokh; Miyahira, Tetsuo F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Irom, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM farokh.irom@jpl.nasa.gov; tetsuo.f.miyahira@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2545-7 PY 2008 BP 58 EP 63 DI 10.1109/REDW.2008.17 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BIM83 UT WOS:000260931600010 ER PT B AU Swift, GM Allen, GR Tseng, CW Carmichael, C Miller, G George, JS AF Swift, Gary M. Allen, Gregory R. Tseng, Chen Wei Carmichael, Carl Miller, Greg George, Jeffrey S. GP IEEE TI Static Upset Characteristics of the 90nm Virtex-4QV FPGAs SO NSRE: 2008 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop 2008 CY JUL 14-18, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE AB Radiation Test Consortium (XRTC) single-event measurements for three of the latest generation of radiation-tolerant reconfigurable FPGAs from Xilinx (90nm, copper-interconnected, thin-epitaxial CMOS) are presented. Results include proton and heavy-ion upset susceptibilities for unclocked memory elements, high-temperature latchup immunity and a low SEFI rate (e.g., similar to one/device-century in geosynchronous orbit). C1 [Swift, Gary M.; Tseng, Chen Wei; Carmichael, Carl; Miller, Greg] Xilinx Inc, San Jose, CA 95124 USA. [Swift, Gary M.] NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Allen, Gregory R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [George, Jeffrey S.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA USA. RP Swift, GM (reprint author), Xilinx Inc, San Jose, CA 95124 USA. EM gary.swift@xilinx.com; gregory.r.allen@jpl.nasa.gov; chenweit@xilinx.com; carlc@xilinx.com; greg.miller@xilinx.com; jeffrey.s.george@aero.org NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2545-7 PY 2008 BP 98 EP + DI 10.1109/REDW.2008.25 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BIM83 UT WOS:000260931600018 ER PT B AU Sanders, AB Kim, HS Phan, A AF Sanders, A. B. Kim, H. S. Phan, A. GP IEEE TI TID and SEE Response of Optek Hall Effect Sensors SO NSRE: 2008 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop 2008 CY JUL 14-18, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE AB We present TID and SEE testing on the Optek Hall Effect Sensors for use in deep space missions, where we investigate the sensors susceptibility to radiation effects as they operate by magnetism. C1 [Sanders, A. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 561-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kim, H. S.; Phan, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, MEI Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sanders, AB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 561-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM anthony.b.sanders@nasa.gov; hak.s.kim@nasa.gov; anthony.m.phan@nasa.gov FU Sample Analysis at Mars Instrument at NASA/GSFC; Mars Science Laboratory Project at NASA/JPL FX This work was supported in part by the Sample Analysis at Mars Instrument at NASA/GSFC and Mars Science Laboratory Project at NASA/JPL. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2545-7 PY 2008 BP 148 EP + DI 10.1109/REDW.2008.33 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BIM83 UT WOS:000260931600026 ER PT J AU Seo, ES Ahn, HS Allison, P Bagliesi, MG Barbier, L Barrau, A Bazer-Bachi, R Beatty, JJ Bigongiari, G Boyle, P Brandt, TT Buenerd, M Childers, JT Conklin, NB Coutu, S Derome, L DuVernois, MA Ganel, O Han, JH Jeon, JA Kim, KC Lee, MH Lutz, L Malinin, A Mangin-Brinet, M Marrocchesi, PS Maestro, P Menchaca-Rocha, A Minnick, S Mogneti, SI Nam, SW Nutter, S Park, IH Park, NH Putze, A Sallaz-Damaz, Y Sina, R Swordy, S Wakely, S Walpole, P Wu, J Yang, J Yoon, YS Zei, R Zinn, SY AF Seo, E. S. Ahn, H. S. Allison, P. Bagliesi, M. G. Barbier, L. Barrau, A. Bazer-Bachi, R. Beatty, J. J. Bigongiari, G. Boyle, P. Brandt, T. T. Buenerd, M. Childers, J. T. Conklin, N. B. Coutu, S. Derome, L. DuVernois, M. A. Ganel, O. Han, J. H. Jeon, J. A. Kim, K. C. Lee, M. H. Lutz, L. Malinin, A. Mangin-Brinet, M. Marrocchesi, P. S. Maestro, P. Menchaca-Rocha, A. Minnick, S. Mogneti, S. I. Nam, S. W. Nutter, S. Park, I. H. Park, N. H. Putze, A. Sallaz-Damaz, Y. Sina, R. Swordy, S. Wakely, S. Walpole, P. Wu, J. Yang, J. Yoon, Y. S. Zei, R. Zinn, S. Y. TI Approaching the knee with direct measurements SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions CY AUG 15-22, 2006 CL Weihai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Shandong Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, IUPAP, Cosm Ray Commiss, IUPAP, Emuls Chamber Comm ID SILICON CHARGE DETECTOR; COSMIC-RAY ENERGETICS; SHOCK ACCELERATION; SPECTROMETER; FLIGHT AB The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) experiment was designed and constructed to push spectral measurements of individual cosmic-ray nuclei from H to Fe to energies approaching the "knee" in a series of balloon flights. A cumulative exposure of 70 days was achieved during two circumpolar flights in Antarctica in 2005 and 2006. Direct measurements at the top of the atmosphere allow event-by-event determination of the incident cosmic-ray particle charge and energy. The objective is to investigate whether and how the knee structure is related to the mechanisms of particle acceleration, propagation, and confinement. The recovered payload is being refurbished for its third flight, which is scheduled for launch in December 2007. The combination of sophisticated particle detectors and long duration balloon flight capabilities now promise high quality measurements over an energy range that was not previously accessible. C1 [Seo, E. S.; Ahn, H. S.; Ganel, O.; Han, J. H.; Kim, K. C.; Lee, M. H.; Lutz, L.; Malinin, A.; Sina, R.; Walpole, P.; Wu, J.; Zinn, S. Y.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Tech, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Seo, E. S.; Yoon, Y. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Allison, P.; Beatty, J. J.; Brandt, T. T.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bagliesi, M. G.; Bigongiari, G.; Marrocchesi, P. S.; Maestro, P.; Zei, R.] Univ Siena, Dept Phys, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Bagliesi, M. G.; Bigongiari, G.; Marrocchesi, P. S.; Maestro, P.; Zei, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Barbier, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Barrau, A.; Buenerd, M.; Derome, L.; Mangin-Brinet, M.; Putze, A.] Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France. [Bazer-Bachi, R.] CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, UPR 8002, UFR PCA, Toulouse, France. [Boyle, P.; Swordy, S.; Wakely, S.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Boyle, P.; Swordy, S.; Wakely, S.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Childers, J. T.; DuVernois, M. A.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Conklin, N. B.; Coutu, S.; Mogneti, S. I.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Jeon, J. A.; Park, I. H.; Park, N. H.; Yang, J.] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120570, South Korea. [Menchaca-Rocha, A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Minnick, S.] Kent State Univ Tuscarawas, Dept Phys, New Philadelphia, OH 44663 USA. [Nutter, S.] No Kentucky Univ, Dept Phys & Geol, Highland Hts, KY 41099 USA. RP Seo, ES (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Tech, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI maestro, paolo/E-3280-2010; Marrocchesi, Pier Simone/N-9068-2015; Yoon, Young Soo/O-8580-2014; Beatty, James/D-9310-2011; OI maestro, paolo/0000-0002-4193-1288; Marrocchesi, Pier Simone/0000-0003-1966-140X; Yoon, Young Soo/0000-0001-7023-699X; Beatty, James/0000-0003-0481-4952; Bigongiari, Gabriele/0000-0003-3691-0826; Seo, Eun-Suk/0000-0001-8682-805X NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 175 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.10.025 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 259YC UT WOS:000252975800027 ER PT J AU Ebisuzaki, T Uehara, Y Ohmori, H Kawai, K Kawasaki, Y Sato, M Takizawa, Y Bertaina, ME Kajino, F Sawabe, T Inoue, K Sasaki, A Sakata, M Yamamoto, Y Nagano, M Inoue, N Shibata, T Sakaki, N Uchihori, Y Takahashi, Y Shimizu, H Arai, Y Kurihara, Y Fujimoto, H Yoshida, S Mizumoto, Y Inoue, S Asano, K Sugiyama, T Watanabe, J Ikeda, H Suzuki, M Imamura, T Yano, H Murakami, T Yonetoku, D Itow, Y Taguchi, M Nagata, M Nagataki, S Abe, S Tajima, T Adams, JH Mitchell, S Christl, MJ Watts, J English, A Takahashi, Y Pitalo, K Hadaway, J Geary, J Readon, P Crawford, H Pennypacker, C Arisaka, K Cline, D Gorodetsky, P Salin, P Patzark, T Maurissen, A Valentin, M AF Ebisuzaki, T. Uehara, Y. Ohmori, H. Kawai, K. Kawasaki, Y. Sato, M. Takizawa, Y. Bertaina, M. E. Kajino, F. Sawabe, T. Inoue, K. Sasaki, A. Sakata, M. Yamamoto, Y. Nagano, M. Inoue, N. Shibata, T. Sakaki, N. Uchihori, Y. Takahashi, Y. Shimizu, H. Arai, Y. Kurihara, Y. Fujimoto, H. Yoshida, S. Mizumoto, Y. Inoue, S. Asano, K. Sugiyama, T. Watanabe, J. Ikeda, H. Suzuki, M. Imamura, T. Yano, H. Murakami, T. Yonetoku, D. Itow, Y. Taguchi, M. Nagata, M. Nagataki, S. Abe, S. Tajima, T. Adams, J. H. Mitchell, S. Christl, M. J. Watts, J., Jr. English, A. Takahashi, Y. Pitalo, K. Hadaway, J. Geary, J. Readon, P. Crawford, H. Pennypacker, C. Arisaka, K. Cline, D. Gorodetsky, P. Salin, P. Patzark, T. Maurissen, A. Valentin, M. TI The JEM-EUSO project: Observing extremely high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos from the international space station SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions CY AUG 15-22, 2006 CL Weihai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Shandong Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, IUPAP, Cosm Ray Commiss, IUPAP, Emuls Chamber Comm AB The motivations, characteristics and potential performance of the JEM-EUSO project are briefly discussed. C1 [Sawabe, T.; Inoue, K.; Sasaki, A.; Sakata, M.; Yamamoto, Y.; Nagano, M.] Konan Univ, Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo 6588501, Japan. [Nagano, M.] Fukui Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Chem, Fukui 9108505, Japan. [Inoue, N.] Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Saitama, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Shibata, T.; Sakaki, N.] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. [Uchihori, Y.] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba 2638555, Japan. [Takahashi, Y.] Tohoku Univ, Dept Geophys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Shimizu, H.; Arai, Y.; Kurihara, Y.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Yoshida, S.] Chiba Univ, Particle Phys Lab, Chiba 2638522, Japan. [Mizumoto, Y.; Inoue, S.; Asano, K.; Sugiyama, T.; Watanabe, J.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Ikeda, H.; Suzuki, M.; Imamura, T.; Yano, H.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Murakami, T.; Yonetoku, D.] Kanazawa Univ, Dept Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. [Itow, Y.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Taguchi, M.] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo 1738515, Japan. [Nagata, M.; Abe, S.] Kobe Univ, Dept Comp & Syst Engn, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Nagataki, S.] Kyoto Univ, Fundamental Phys Res Inst, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Tajima, T.] Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Quantum Opt Inst, Kizu, Kyoto 6190215, Japan. [Adams, J. H.; Mitchell, S.; Christl, M. J.; Watts, J., Jr.; English, A.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Takahashi, Y.; Pitalo, K.; Hadaway, J.; Geary, J.; Readon, P.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phis, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Crawford, H.; Pennypacker, C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arisaka, K.; Cline, D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Gorodetsky, P.; Salin, P.; Patzark, T.] Coll France, CNRS, IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France. [Maurissen, A.; Valentin, M.] Observ Cantonal Neuchatel, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Ebisuzaki, T.; Uehara, Y.; Ohmori, H.; Kawai, K.; Kawasaki, Y.; Sato, M.; Takizawa, Y.; Bertaina, M. E.; Takahashi, Y.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RP Bertaina, ME (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, I-10125 Turin, Italy. EM bertaina@to.infn.it OI Bertaina, Mario Edoardo/0000-0003-1069-1397 NR 4 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 175 BP 237 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.11.005 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 259YC UT WOS:000252975800043 ER PT B AU Li, G Webb, GM le Roux, JA Zank, GP Wiedenbeck, ME AF Li, G. Webb, G. M. le Roux, J. A. Zank, G. P. Wiedenbeck, M. E. BE Pogorelov, NV Audit, E Zank, GP TI Time-dependent solar modulation of GCRs using a Monte Carlo simulation SO NUMERICAL MODELING OF SPACE PLASMA FLOWS: ASTRONUM-2007 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Numerical Modeling of Space Plasma Flows CY JUN 10-15, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Univ French Commissariat Atom Energy, Lab Invest Fundamental Laws, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, COSMO-GRID Project, Solana Sci Inc ID COSMIC-RAY MODULATION; INTERPLANETARY SPACE AB In characterizing solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays, an often used parameter is the so called modulation parameter 0, whose value varies by a factor of more than 3 from solar maximum to solar minimum, reflecting the effects of different levels of solar activity on the modulation. This approach however, is based on the assumption that the current of GCRs is small and can be taken to be zero at all times, leading to a steady state solution of the transport equation. Recently, using data from CRIS/ACE and ground neutron monitor, Wiedenbeck et al. showed that for the declining phase of the solar cycle 23, the neutron monitor counting rate has been at a level of 4 percent higher than during the period when 0 had comparable values during the rising phase of solar cycle 23. In this work, we examine this differences of neutron monitor counting rates (or alternatively, the difference of 0 themselves) between the rising phase and declining phase of the solar cycle. We show that the modulation of low energy GCRs is more sensitive to the phase of the solar cycle than high energy GCRs. We present here, for the first time, using the framework of stochastic differential equation, to solve the time dependent transport equation and investigate the effect of a time dependent modulation. C1 [Li, G.; Webb, G. M.; le Roux, J. A.; Zank, G. P.] Univ Calif Riverside, IGPP, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Li, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, SSL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wiedenbeck, M. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Li, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, IGPP, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM ganli@ssl.berkeley.edu; zank@ucr.edu FU NASA [NNG04GF83G, NNG05GH38G] FX The authors would like to acknowledge partial support from NASA grants NNG04GF83G and NNG05GH38G. GL also acknowledges interactions with M. Zhang during the conference. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-333-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 385 BP 31 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHQ86 UT WOS:000255550100005 ER PT J AU Battistoni, G Broggi, F Brugger, M Campanella, M Carboni, M Cerutti, F Colleoni, P D'Ambrosio, C Empl, A Fasso, A Ferrari, A Ferrari, A Gadioli, E Lantz, M Lee, K Lukasik, G Mairani, A Margiotta, A Mauri, M Morone, MC Mostacci, A Muraro, S Parodi, K Patera, V Pelliccioni, M Pinsky, L Ranft, J Roesler, S Rollet, S Sala, PR Sarchiapone, L Stoli, M Smirnov, G Sommerer, F Theis, C Trovati, S Villari, R Vinke, H Vlachoudis, V Wilson, T Zapp, N AF Battistoni, G. Broggi, F. Brugger, M. Campanella, M. Carboni, M. Cerutti, F. Colleoni, P. D'Ambrosio, C. Empl, A. Fasso, A. Ferrari, Al Ferrari, An Gadioli, E. Lantz, M. Lee, K. Lukasik, G. Mairani, A. Margiotta, A. Mauri, M. Morone, M. C. Mostacci, A. Muraro, S. Parodi, K. Patera, V. Pelliccioni, M. Pinsky, L. Ranft, J. Roesler, S. Rollet, S. Sala, P. R. Sarchiapone, L. Stoli, M. Smirnov, G. Sommerer, F. Theis, C. Trovati, S. Villari, R. Vinke, H. Vlachoudis, V. Wilson, T. Zapp, N. TI The FLUKA code and its use in hadron therapy SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA C-COLLOQUIA ON PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION RADIOTHERAPY; PROTON THERAPY; BEAMS; MODEL; VERIFICATION; OPTIMIZATION; DYNAMICS AB FLUKA is a multipurpose Monte Carto code describing transport and interaction with matter of a, large variety of particles over a wide energy range ill complex geometries. FLUKA is successfully applied ill several fields, including, but not only particle physics, cosmic-ray physics, dosimetry, radioprotection, hadron therapy. space radiation, accelerator design and neutronics. Here we briefly review recent model developments and provide examples of applications to hadron therapy, including calculation of physical and biological dose for comparison with analytical treatment planning engines as well as beta(+)-activation for therapy monitoring by means of positron emission tomography. C1 [Battistoni, G.; Broggi, F.; Campanella, M.; Colleoni, P.; Gadioli, E.; Muraro, S.; Sala, P. R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Brugger, M.; Cerutti, F.; Ferrari, Al; Lukasik, G.; Mauri, M.; Roesler, S.; Sarchiapone, L.; Smirnov, G.; Sommerer, F.; Theis, C.; Trovati, S.; Vinke, H.; Vlachoudis, V.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Campanella, M.; Carboni, M.] GARR Consortium, Rome, Italy. [Carboni, M.; D'Ambrosio, C.; Mostacci, A.; Patera, V.; Pelliccioni, M.; Villari, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, RM, Italy. [Colleoni, P.; Gadioli, E.] Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. [D'Ambrosio, C.] Univ Roma 1, Rome, Italy. [Empl, A.; Pinsky, L.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Fasso, A.] SLAC, Stanford, CA USA. [Ferrari, An] CNAO, Pavia, Italy. [Lantz, M.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lee, K.; Wilson, T.; Zapp, N.] NASA, Houston, TX USA. [Mairani, A.] DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany. [Mairani, A.; Parodi, K.] HIT, Heidelberg, Germany. [Margiotta, A.; Stoli, M.] Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Margiotta, A.; Stoli, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Morone, M. C.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. [Morone, M. C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 2, Rome, Italy. [Mostacci, A.; Patera, V.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. [Ranft, J.] Univ Siegen, Siegen, Germany. [Villari, R.] ENEA, Frascati, RM, Italy. RP Battistoni, G (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RI sala, paola/E-2868-2013; Morone, Maria Cristina/P-4407-2016; Battistoni, Giuseppe/B-5264-2012; OI sala, paola/0000-0001-9859-5564; Morone, Maria Cristina/0000-0002-0200-0632; Battistoni, Giuseppe/0000-0003-3484-1724; , Sofia/0000-0002-4389-3641; Carboni, Massimo/0000-0003-4296-3799 FU INFN-CSN5 FX The work discussed here has been carried out in different collaborations with CERN, the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), the Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT), the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI), the Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD) and the University of Pavia. This work was partially supported by INFN-CSN5 (FLUKA2 experiment). NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1124-1896 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO C JI Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. C-Colloq. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1393/ncc/i2008-10281-9 PG 7 GA 369UJ UT WOS:000260719100008 ER PT S AU Case, GL Cherry, ML Ling, JC Wheaton, WA AF Case, Gary L. Cherry, Michael L. Ling, James C. Wheaton, William A. BE Chakrabarti, SK Majumdar, AS TI Low Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from Galactic Black Holes SO OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE FOR BLACK HOLES IN THE UNIVERSE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Kolkata Conference on Observational Evidence for Black Holes in the Universe/Satellite Meeting on Black Holes, Neutron Stars and Gamma-Ray Bursts CY FEB 10-17, 2008 CL Kolkata, INDIA SP S N Bose Natl Ctr Basic Sci, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Int Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Indian Space Res Organizat DE Gamma-rays; Galactic Black Holes; Cygnus X-1; GROJ0422+32; GRO J1719-24; GX 339-4; GRO J1655-40; GRS 1915+105 ID EARTH-OCCULTATION CATALOG; CYGNUS X-1; SPECTRAL VARIABILITY; SOFT STATE; X-RAYS; BATSE; TRANSITIONS; RADIATION; CANDIDATES; BURST AB X-ray observations of Galactic black holes (GBHs) such as Cygnus X-I have greatly advanced the understanding of these objects. However, the vast majority of the observations have been restricted to energies below similar to 200 keV. The Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) allowed for the first time simultaneous observations at energies from 25 keV up to > 1 GeV. In particular, the BATSE experiment aboard CGRO was able to monitor low-energy gamma-ray emission from Cygnus X-1, as well as other GBHs, nearly continuously over a nine year period. Using the Enhanced BATSE Occultation Package (EBOP), light curves and spectra in the energy range 25 - 2000 keV have been obtained for six GBHs. Based on the spectra when the GBHs were in a high gamma-ray flux state, it is suggested that at least two different classes of GBHs exist. The first is characterized by a Comptonization spectrum below similar to 200 keV followed by a soft power law excess as exhibited by Cygnus X-1, GRO J0422+32, GRO J1719-24, and GX 339-4. The second class is characterized by simple power law spectrum in the full 25 - 2000 keV range, with no evidence for a Comptonization component, as exhibited by GRO J1655-40 and GRS 1915+105. Gamma-ray observations can serve as an important diagnostic in studying the physical processes around GBHs. More sensitive observations in the future at energies > 250 keV will help answer questions regarding issues such as the nonthermal electron distribution, state transitions, and the connection to jets. C1 [Case, Gary L.; Cherry, Michael L.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Ling, James C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wheaton, William A.] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Case, GL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. FU NASA [NAG5-10253]; NASA/Louisiana Board of Regents [NNX07AT62A/LEQSF(2007-10)] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution of Robert Radocinski in the development of the EBOP software. LSU students C. Britt, C. Fannin, J. Hostetter, J. Rodi, and C. Welch, and Caltech students V. Aguilar and D. Wells, participated in analyzing the BATSE data. This work was supported in part by NASA award NAG5-10253 and NASA/Louisiana Board of Regents grant NNX07AT62A/LEQSF(2007-10) Phase3-02. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0582-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1053 BP 145 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIL59 UT WOS:000260564000024 ER PT S AU Laurent, P Titarchuk, L Shaposhnikov, N AF Laurent, Philippe Titarchuk, Lev Shaposhnikov, Nikolai BE Chakrabarti, SK Majumdar, AS TI On the Nonrelativistic Origin of Redskewed Iron Lines in CV, Neutron Stars and Black Holes SO OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE FOR BLACK HOLES IN THE UNIVERSE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Kolkata Conference on Observational Evidence for Black Holes in the Universe/Satellite Meeting on Black Holes, Neutron Stars and Gamma-Ray Bursts CY FEB 10-17, 2008 CL Kolkata, INDIA SP S N Bose Natl Ctr Basic Sci, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Int Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Indian Space Res Organizat DE line: profiles; stars: white dwarfs, neutron; X-ray :binaries; X-rays: individual (GK Per), individual (Serpens X-1), individual (GX 339-4); radiation mechanisms; physical data and processes ID DISK; ACCRETION; SPECTRA; PROBE AB We present an XMM-Newton EPIC/PN data analysis of the Ka line detected in cataclysmic variable (CV) GK Per. We show that the iron K-alpha emission line of GK Per has a noticeable redskewed profile. We compare the GK Per asymmetric line with the redskewed lines observed by XMM-Newton in neutron star (NS) source Serpens X-1 and black hole (BH) source BH GX 339-4. The observations of the Ka emission with redskewed features in CV GK Per indicate that this effect may be not only a BH particular signature related to General Relativity (GR). Also, recently an alternative model for broad red-shifted iron line formation in an outflowing wind, a common phenomenon for CVs, NSs and BHs, has been suggested. In this paper we demonstrate that the asymmetric shapes of the lines detected from these CV, NS and BH sources are well described by this wind (outflow) model. C1 [Laurent, Philippe] CEA, DSM, Irfu, SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Laurent, Philippe] APC, F-75205 Paris, France. [Titarchuk, Lev] George Mason Univ, CEOSR, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Shaposhnikov, Nikolai] NASA, GSFC, USRA, CRESST,Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Laurent, P (reprint author), CEA, DSM, Irfu, SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM plaurent@cea.fr; lev.titarchuk@nrl.navy.mil RI laurent, philippe/E-6211-2013 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0582-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1053 BP 333 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIL59 UT WOS:000260564000049 ER PT S AU Johns, A Seaton, B Gal-Edd, J Jones, R Fatig, C Wasiak, F AF Johns, Alan Seaton, Bonita Gal-Edd, Jonathan Jones, Ronald Fatig, Curtis Wasiak, Francis BE Brissenden, RJ Silva, DR TI James Webb Space Telescope-L2 Communications for Science Data Processing - art. no. 70161D SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and Systems II CY JUN 24-26, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE L2; DSN; Deep Space Network; JWST; CCSDS; Ka-band AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the first NASA mission at the second Lagrange point (L2) to identify the need for data rates higher than 10 megabits per second (Mbps). The JWST will produce approximately 235 gigabits (Gb) of science data every day. In order to get this data downlinked to the Deep Space Network (DSN) at a sufficiently adequate date rate, a Ka-band 26 gigahertz (GHz) frequency (as opposed to an X-band frequency) will be utilized. To support the JSWT's utilizations of Ka-band, the DSN is upgrading its infrastructure. The range of frequencies in the Ka-band is becoming the new standard for high data rate science missions at L2. Given the Ka-band frequency range, the issues of alternative antenna deployment, off-nominal scenarios, NASA implementation of the Ka-band at 26 GHz, and navigation requirements will be discussed in this paper. The JWST is also using the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) standard process for reliable file transfer using CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP). For the JWST mission, the use of the CFDP protocol enables level zero processing at the DSN site. This paper will address NASA implementation of ground stations in support of Ka-band 26 GHz and lessons learned from implementing a file based protocol (CFDP). C1 [Johns, Alan; Seaton, Bonita; Gal-Edd, Jonathan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Johns, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7226-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7016 BP D161 EP D161 DI 10.1117/12.777377 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BIJ00 UT WOS:000259924600043 ER PT S AU Johns, A Seaton, B Gal-Edd, J Jones, R Fatig, C Wasiak, F AF Johns, Alan Seaton, Bonita Gal-Edd, Jonathan Jones, Ronald Fatig, Curtis Wasiak, Francis BE Brissenden, RJ Silva, DR TI James Webb Space Telescope - Applying Lessons Learned to I&T - art. no. 70160E SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and Systems II CY JUN 24-26, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE JWST; Integration; Testing AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is part of a new generation of spacecraft acquiring large data volumes from remote regions in space. To support a mission such as the JWST, it is imperative that lessons learned from the development of previous missions such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the Earth Observing System mission set be applied throughout the development and operational lifecycles. One example of a key lesson that should be applied is that core components, such as the command and telemetry system and the project database, should be developed early, used throughout development and testing, and evolved into the operational system. The purpose of applying lessons learned is to reap benefits in programmatic or technical parameters such as risk reduction, end product quality, cost efficiency, and schedule optimization. In the cited example, the early development and use of the operational command and telemetry system as well as the establishment of the intended operational database will allow these components to be used by the developers of various spacecraft components such that development, testing, and operations will all use the same core components. This will reduce risk through the elimination of transitions between development and operational components and improve end product quality by extending the verification of those components through continual use. This paper will discuss key lessons learned that have been or are being applied to the JWST Ground Segment integration and test program. C1 [Johns, Alan; Seaton, Bonita; Gal-Edd, Jonathan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Johns, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7226-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7016 BP E160 EP E160 DI 10.1117/12.777370 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BIJ00 UT WOS:000259924600012 ER PT S AU Fabinsky, B Heinrichsen, I Mainzer, A Eisenhardt, P AF Fabinsky, Beth Heinrichsen, Ingolf Mainzer, Amy Eisenhardt, Peter BE Brissenden, RJ Silva, DR TI The WISE In-orbit Calibration - art. no. 70161N SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and Systems II CY JUN 24-26, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe AB The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer mission will be executed by an earth-orbiting spacecraft carrying an infrared telescope cooled by a solid hydrogen cryostat. The purpose of the mission is to conduct an all-sky survey at infrared wavelengths of 3.3, 4.7, 12 and 23 microns. The 7-month period of on-orbit operations includes one month of in-orbit checkout (IOC) and 6 months of all-sky survey scans from a dawn/dusk sun-synchronous orbit. The 30-day IOC is divided into two parts by the ejection of the telescope aperture cover some two weeks after launch. The first half of the IOC phase is primarily allocated to bus characterization; the latter half will be dedicated to cover-off instrument calibrations. In this discussion, we provide a description of the instrument calibrations to be conducted during IOC and how these plans will be carried out efficiently during the limited checkout period. The on-orbit instrument checkout is an extension of the overall WISE calibration plan. The duration of onboard calibration activities is limited by the lifetime of the cryogen and the need to begin the survey quickly. Key activities were selected because they must be done and can only be done in flight. C1 [Fabinsky, Beth; Heinrichsen, Ingolf; Mainzer, Amy; Eisenhardt, Peter] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Fabinsky, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7226-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7016 BP N161 EP N161 DI 10.1117/12.790128 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BIJ00 UT WOS:000259924600052 ER PT S AU Sarrel, MA Hunt, JC AF Sarrel, Marc A. Hunt, Joseph C., Jr. BE Brissenden, RJ Silva, DR TI Evaluating Requirements on the Spitzer Mission Operations System Based on Flight Operations Experience - art. no. 70161P SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and Systems II CY JUN 24-26, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE Spitzer; Mission Operations; Mission Constraints; Requirements; Operational Efficiency AB The Spitzer Space Telescope launched in August 2003, and has been in its nominal operations phase since December 2003. This paper will review some of the pre-launch, high-level project requirements in light of our operations experience. We discuss how we addressed some of those requirements pre-launch, what post-launch development we've done based on our experience, and some recommendations for future missions. Some of the requirements we examine in this paper arc related to observational efficiency, completeness of data return, on-board storage of science data, and response time for targets of opportunity and data accountability. We also discuss the bearing that mission constraints have had on our solutions. These constraints include Spitzer's heliocentric orbit and resulting declining telecom performance, CPU utilization, relatively high data rate for a deep space mission, and use of both on-board RF power amplifiers, among others. C1 [Sarrel, Marc A.; Hunt, Joseph C., Jr.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sarrel, MA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7226-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7016 BP P161 EP P161 DI 10.1117/12.788058 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BIJ00 UT WOS:000259924600054 ER PT J AU Haine, TWN Zhang, H Waugh, DW Holzer, M AF Haine, T. W. N. Zhang, H. Waugh, D. W. Holzer, M. TI On transit-time distributions in unsteady circulation models SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE transit-time distribution; tracers; circulation models ID AGE; TRANSPORT; OCEAN AB In a diffusive geophysical flow, there is not a single timescale or unique pathway for passive scalar transport from the reservoir's surface into the interior because of irreversible diffusive mixing processes. Instead, there is a range of pathways and hence a transit-time distribution (TTD) since last surface contact. We explore the issues that arise when considering TTDs for unsteady flows and discuss approaches to finding the TTD in numerical general circulation models. In particular, three complementary approaches are possible: First, the forward tracer equation can be used to simulate boundary impulse responses (BIRs). This approach is computationally efficient for the case where information on the TTD is needed at many field points or many field times. Second, the adjoint tracer equation can be used to find the TTD. This method is efficient when the TTD is required at a few field points and field times, but requires an adjoint tracer model. Third, BIR integrations can be used as statistical surrogates of TTDs, exploiting the fact that BIRs and TTDs have identical statistics due to a property of the underlying Green's function. If an estimate of the ensemble-mean TTD is required, to within an error on the order of the typical fluctuation amplitude, a single realization of the BIR serves as well as a single realization of the TTD. BIR and TTD ensembles give estimates of the ensemble-mean moments of the TTD to the same level of accuracy. Computing ensembles of BIRs instead of ensembles of TTDs is efficient for cases with few surface sources and few field times. Illustrations are presented for barotropic double-gyre circulations. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Haine, T. W. N.; Zhang, H.; Waugh, D. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Holzer, M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Holzer, M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Holzer, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Holzer, M.] Langara Coll, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Haine, TWN (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM Thomas.Haine@jhu.edu; hong.zhang@caltech.edu; waugh@jhu.edu; hm2220@columbia.edu RI Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016 OI Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798 NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2008 VL 21 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2007.11.004 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 275OS UT WOS:000254082100004 ER PT J AU Song, YT Fu, LL Zlotnicki, V Ji, C Hjorleifsdottir, V Shum, CK Yi, YC AF Song, Y. Tony Fu, L. -L. Zlotnicki, Victor Ji, Chen Hjorleifsdottir, Vala Shum, C. K. Yi, Yuchan TI The role of horizontal impulses of the faulting continental slope in generating the 26 December 2004 tsunami SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article ID WAVE GENERATION; EARTHQUAKE; BOTTOM; MOTION; ALASKA; MODEL AB For a long time, people have believed that the vertical displacement of seafloor due to undersea earthquakes is the primary cause of tsunami genesis. However, seismically-inverted seafloor deformation of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake shows that the total vertical displacement is not enough to have generated the powerful Indian Ocean tsunami. Based on the seismically-inverted data and a three-dimensional ocean general circulation model (OGCM), we show that the momentum force, transferred by the horizontal impulses of the faulting continental slope in that earthquake, has accounted for two thirds of the satellite-observed tsunami height and generated kinetic energy 5 times larger than the potential energy due to the vertical displacement. The asymmetric tsunami pattern, recorded by tide-gauges showing leading-elevation waves toward Sri Lanka and leading-depression waves toward Thailand, is best explained by the horizontally-forced mechanism. The same mechanism has also explained the March 2005 Nias earthquake and tsunami data, suggesting that the horizontal motions of faulting have played more important roles in tsunami genesis than previously thought. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Song, Y. Tony; Fu, L. -L.; Zlotnicki, Victor] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ji, Chen] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hjorleifsdottir, Vala] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Shum, C. K.; Yi, Yuchan] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Song, YT (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Tony.Song@jpl.nasa.gov OI hjorleifsdottir, vala/0000-0003-3275-108X NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 362 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2007.10.007 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 265BG UT WOS:000253333500003 ER PT J AU Bentamy, A Croize-Fillon, D Perigaud, C AF Bentamy, A. Croize-Fillon, D. Perigaud, C. TI Characterization of ASCAT measurements based on buoy and QuikSCAT wind vector observations SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ASSIMILATION; OCEAN AB The new scatterometer Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) onboard MetOp-A satellite provides surface wind speed and direction over global ocean with a spatial resolution of 25 km square over two swaths of 550 km widths. The accuracy of ASCAT wind retrievals is determined through various comparisons with moored buoys. The comparisons indicate that the remotely sensed wind speeds and directions agree well with buoy data. The root-mean-squared differences of the wind speed and direction are less than 1.72 m/s and 18 degrees, respectively. At global scale, ASCAT winds are compared with surface winds derived from QuikSCAT scatterometer. The results confirm the buoy analyses, especially for wind speed ranging between 3 m/s and 20 m/s. For higher wind conditions. ASCAT is biased low. The ASCAT underestimation with respect to QuikSCAT winds is wind speed dependent. The comparisons based on the collocated scatterometer data collected after 17 of October 2007 indicate that there are significant improvements compared to previous periods. C1 [Perigaud, C.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM abderrahim.bentamy@ifremer.fr FU TOSCA CNES FX This study is supported by TOSCA CNES program. The authors are grateful to ECMWF EUMETSAT, CERSAT. GODIVA. JPL. Meteo-France. NDBC, O&SI SAF PMEL, and UK MetOffice, for providing the buoy, numerical, and satellite data used in this Study. I thank Bonekanip and Stoffelen for their helpful comments on this scatterometer analysis. NR 16 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2008 VL 4 IS 4 BP 265 EP 274 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 407RD UT WOS:000263381100003 ER PT S AU Mochizuki, M Asada, A Ura, T Fujita, M Sato, M Matsumoto, Y Colombo, OL Tanaka, T Zheng, H Nagahashi, K AF Mochizuki, Masashi Asada, Akira Ura, Tamaki Fujita, Masayuki Sato, Mariko Matsumoto, Yoshihiro Colombo, Oscar L. Tanaka, Teruki Zheng, Hong Nagahashi, Kenji GP IEEE TI Fundamental developments of new generation seafloor geodetic observation system based on AUV technology SO OCEANS 2008 - MTS/IEEE KOBE TECHNO-OCEAN, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference OCEANS 2008 and MTS/IEEE Kobe Techno-Ocean '08 CY APR 08-11, 2008 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, MTS Japan Sect, IEEE OES Japan Sect, Techno Ocean Network, Kobe Convent & Visitors Assoc, Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, AESTO, NEC Corp, Off Naval Res Global, Alec Elect Co Ltd, Hakodate Dock Co Ltd, Imabari Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Namura Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Oshima Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Sanoyas Hishino Meisho Corp, Sasebo Heavy Industries Co Ltd, Shin Kurushima Dockyard Co Ltd, Toyohashi Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Tsuneishi Holdings Corp AB Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo (US) has started a project to develop the fundamental technologies for constructing new-generation seafloor geodetic observation system. The current observational method using research vessel cannot help being subjected to annual cruise schedule of research vessels. It has been difficult for us to change the cruise schedule as appropriate according to weather and sea condition, GPS satellite distribution and so on. The new system, which we are developing, based on AUV technology will give us opportunities for observation with choosing favorable conditions of sea and GPS satellite distribution, much more frequent observations and flexible planning of observation in response to sudden geodetic events. Trial models of the sea surface and seafloor units were finished. We conducted several performance evaluation experiments in the sea and dam site, in order to bring the observation system to completion. C1 [Mochizuki, Masashi; Asada, Akira; Ura, Tamaki] Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Meguro Ku, 4-6-1 Komaba, Tokyo 1538505, Japan. [Fujita, Masayuki; Sato, Mariko; Matsumoto, Yoshihiro] Dept Japan Coast Guard, Hydro Oceanog, Tokyo 1040045, Japan. [Colombo, Oscar L.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tanaka, Teruki; Zheng, Hong] SEA Corp, Chiba 7068651, Japan. [Nagahashi, Kenji] Mitsui Engn & Shipbldg Co Ltd, Okayama 7068651, Japan. RP Mochizuki, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Meguro Ku, 4-6-1 Komaba, Tokyo 1538505, Japan. FU KAKENHI of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [17101006] FX This work has been supported by KAKENHI (17101006) of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2125-1 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 224 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Telecommunications GA BIA62 UT WOS:000257943100038 ER PT S AU Tyce, R Critz, K Book, JW Tender, L AF Tyce, Robert Critz, Kenneth Book, Jeffrey W. Tender, Leonard GP MTS IEEE TI Low Power Control Systems for Microbial Fuel Cell Batteries SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB The URI Ocean Engineering Department has been working with the US Naval Research Laboratory to develop and test microbial fuel cell battery systems for low power seafloor applications of extended duration. These low power fuel cells utilize graphite electrodes in anoxic sediment coupled to bottle brush graphite electrodes in the water column to make up a battery system. These battery systems typically produce power on the order of 10-50 milli-watts per square meter of electrode area, or as much as ten times more if sediment electrode pore water can be exchanged by means of a pump. As part of this program, testing of these microbial fuel cell batteries has been conducted in the Potomac River Washington D.C., Narragansett Bay Rhode Island, Tuckerton New Jersey, and Monterey Bay California. For these tests it has been necessary to develop long term, low power control and monitoring systems to manage the batteries operation and to record their performance without consuming a significant portion of the meager power produced. This paper details the development and testing of these low power monitoring systems and their results. For this project we have developed several related systems. All of the systems utilize Oopic microcontrollers as the core low power computer. The Oopic consumes about 20mA at 5 volts when on and none when off. Its programs are stored on EEPROM, and they start from the beginning each time the Oopic is powered up. Notes from the previous time awake can be stored in the EEPROM below the program. The microcontrollers are turned on by an electronic alarm from an 12C real time alarm clock chip with its own multi year lithium battery. The microcontrollers command the shut off of power as part of their program. The real time clock maintains crystal controlled date and time without using any system power. The clock can be programmed to wake up the system at a specific date and time, or at any of numerous intervals, Once awake, the Oopic can check the date, monitor/control the system status and even operate a low power pump. Long term measurements over many months can be logged on a micro SD card by means of a serial file management storage chip which uses only 3 ma at 3.3 volts when not writing, and a momentary 40mA to write. When the system is asleep none of the subsystems consumes any power. Programmed to awake once an hour for 20 seconds to monitor the system and record the results on the SD card, the average power consumption can be kept to less than 2 milliwatts. The control system can be woken up, report data, accept commands, or be reprogrammed; all through an RS232 serial cable. The system utilizes an RS232 chip that manufactures +/- 10V RS232 signals from +5V with only a few milliamps of additional power consumption. This chip is capable of communicating over a 100m long cable at 9600 baud. In one instance in Tuckerton New Jersey near a dock, it was possible to continuously cable the control system ashore where a Netburner network based microcontroller was connected. The Netburner was programmed to provide an FTP and Telnet site, allowing remote monitoring and control from across the country over the internet. C1 [Tyce, Robert; Critz, Kenneth] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Book, Jeffrey W.; Tender, Leonard] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Tyce, R (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. FU US Naval Research Laboratory under a grant to the University of Rhode Island; Office of Naval Research as part of the research program [0602435N] FX The work presented here was supported by the US Naval Research Laboratory under a grant to the University of Rhode Island. This grant and the work of J.W. Book and L. Tender were supported by the Office of Naval Research as part of the research program Unattended Sea-bed Power for In-water Operations under Program Element 0602435N. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 1262 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501019 ER PT B AU Sun, XH Yu, B Ng, G Meyyappan, M AF Sun, Xuhui Yu, Bin Ng, Garrick Meyyappan, M. BE Wang, ZM TI One-Dimensional Phase-Change Nanomaterials for Information Storage Applications SO ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES SE Lecture Notes in Nanoscale Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CATALYZED SI NANOWIRES; OPTICAL-DATA STORAGE; X-RAY PHOTOEMISSION; THIN-FILMS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; ELECTRICAL-TRANSPORT; GERMANIUM TELLURIDE; SWITCHING PHENOMENA; NONVOLATILE MEMORY; SILICON NANOWIRES AB The electrically operated phase-change random access memory (PRAM) features faster write/read, improved endurance, and much simpler fabrication as compared with the traditional transistor-based nonvolatile semiconductor memories. Low-dimensional phase-change materials in nanoscale dimensions offer advantages over their bulk or thin-film counterparts in several aspects such as reduced programmable volume and reduced thermal energies in phase transition. These features contribute to low-power operation, excellent scalability, and fast write/erase time. In this chapter, we present a general bottom-up synthesis approach and systematic material analysis study of one-dimensional chalcogenide-based phase-change materials including germanium telluride (GeTe), and indium selenide (In2Se3) nanowires that are targeted for nonvolatile resistive switching data storage. The phase-change nanowires have been synthesized via thermal evaporation method under vapor liquid -solid (VLS) mechanism. The morphology, composition, and crystal structure of the synthesized nanowires were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The as-synthesized nanowires are structurally uniform with single crystalline structures. The one-dimensional phase-change chalcogenide nanowires exhibit significantly reduced melting points, low activation energy, and excellent morphology, making them promising nanomaterials for data storage devices with very low energy consumption and excellent scalability. C1 [Sun, Xuhui; Yu, Bin; Ng, Garrick; Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Sun, XH (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-74132-1; 978-0-387-74131-4 J9 LECT NOTES NANOSCALE PY 2008 VL 3 BP 273 EP 290 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-74132-1_11 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-74132-1 PG 18 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BLO87 UT WOS:000270699900011 ER PT S AU Barry, RK Danchi, WC Traub, W Kuchner, M Wisniewski, JP Akeson, R Colavita, M Greenhouse, MA Koresko, C Mennesson, B Serabyn, E Sokoloski, JL AF Barry, R. K. Danchi, W. C. Traub, W. Kuchner, M. Wisniewski, J. P. Akeson, R. Colavita, M. Greenhouse, M. A. Koresko, C. Mennesson, B. Serabyn, E. Sokoloski, J. L. BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI First Science with the Keck Interferometer Nuller: High Spatial Resolution N-Band Observations of the Recurrent Nova RS Ophiuchi SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Nulling interferometry; Keck Interferometer; recurrent novae; RS Ophiuchi; high angular resolution astronomy; dust formation; binary stars ID CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; OUTBURST; SYSTEMS AB We report observations of the nova RS Ophiuchi using the Keck Interferometer Nuller (KIN) taken approximately 3.8 days following the most recent outburst that occurred oil 2006 February 12. The KIN operates in N-band from 8 to 12.5 mu m in a nulling node. In this mode the stellar light, is suppressed by a destructive fringe, effectively enhancing the contrast of the circumstellar material located near the star. In a second. constructive-fringe mode. the instrument detects primarily the light, from the central, bright source. These are the outer and inner spatial regimes. respectively. We will describe the capabilities of the KIN, including. these unique modes, and outline how they were key in our discovery, that dust, was created between nova event's. We also show how these first, results from the. KIN are consistent with Spitzer data.. The KIN data show evidence of enhanced neutral atomic hydrogen emission and atomic metals including silicon located in the inner spatial regime (< 4 AU from the WD) relative to die, outer regime. There are also nebular emission lines and evidence of hot silicate dust in the outer spatial region, centered at approximately similar to 17 AU front the WD, that are not found in the inner regime. The KIN and Spitzer data suggest that these emissions were excited in I, lie outer spatial regime before the blast wave reached these re-ions. We describe the present results in terms of a new model for dust creation in recurrent novae that includes an increase in density in the plane of the orbit of the two stars created by a. spiral shock wave caused by the motion of the stars through the cool wind of the red giant star. These data show the power and potential of the milling technique which has been developed for the detection of Earth-like planets around nearby stars for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Mission and Darwin missions. C1 [Barry, R. K.; Danchi, W. C.; Kuchner, M.; Wisniewski, J. P.; Greenhouse, M. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Barry, RK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Kuchner, Marc/E-2288-2012 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70130Q DI 10.1117/12.787085 PN 1-3 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400023 ER PT S AU Bloemhof, EE Lam, JC Feria, VA Chang, Z AF Bloemhof, E. E. Lam, J. C. Feria, V. A. Chang, Z. BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Extracting the zero-gravity surface figure of a mirror SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE metrology; testing; astronomical optics AB Space-based astronomical instruments such as SIM, the Space Interferometry Mission [1, 2] require high-quality mirrors whose zero-gravity Surface figure is specified to nanometer accuracy. Testing, however, necessarily proceeds in 1g, normal earth gravity. Extracting the zero-gravity surface has traditionally been done by combining measurements with the mirror in a number of different orientations, so that the effects of gravity cancel. Here we examine some refinements to that technique, showing that for precise results it is necessary that mount forces as well as gravity forces cancel over the different orientations. These ideas are illustrated with lab experience obtained with a 343 mm diameter spherical mirror (PT-M1), which is a prototype SIM compressor mirror. C1 [Bloemhof, E. E.; Lam, J. C.; Feria, V. A.; Chang, Z.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bloemhof, EE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70133L DI 10.1117/12.790532 PN 1-3 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400110 ER PT S AU Booth, AJ Martin, SR Loya, F AF Booth, Andrew J. Martin, Stefan R. Loya, Frank BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Exoplanet Exploration Program, Planet Detection Test-bed: Latest results of planet light detection in the presence of starlight SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Interferometry; nulling; infrared; exoplanets AB The Planet Detection Test-bed is a lab based simulation of the optics and control systems for an interferometer based Terrestrial Exoplanet characterization mission. The test-bed supports starlight nulling at 10um infrared wavelengths, with fringe tracking at Ann wavelengths and angle and shear tracking at visible wavelengths. It further allows injection of simulated planet light in the presence of the nulled star light, to allow testing of planet detection methods. We will describe the detailed construction and operation of the test-bed from an optical and control system perspective. We will also report the latest results for narrow band nulls, and the detection of broad band planet light in the presence of nulled starlight. C1 [Booth, Andrew J.; Martin, Stefan R.; Loya, Frank] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Booth, AJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Andrew.J.Booth@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 701320 DI 10.1117/12.786685 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400060 ER PT S AU Breckinridge, J Bryant, N Lorre, J AF Breckinridge, James Bryant, Nevin Lorre, John BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Innovative pupil topographies for sparse aperture telescopes and SNR SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE telescopes; sparse apertures; image quality; signal-to-noise ratio; image processing AB Since the first application of the telescope to astronomy in 1610, most new astronomical discoveries require larger and larger radiation collecting areas. Today, the twin 10-meter Keck telescopes are operational and several 30-meter-aperture class telescopes arc being planned. Optical interferometers and sparse aperture ground telescopes for astronomy have been proposed and built. Fienup showed the dependence between exposure time and the dilution factor of the aperture needed to maintain image quality.(1) Carpenter suggests a sparse aperture telescope system for the purpose of imaging across the surfaces of stars.(2) This paper demonstrates that the ability to reconstruct images from white-light extended sources with different contrast levels also depends oil the specific pupil topography that is applied to the telescope system. Signal-to-noise ratios for recorded images are calculated for scene contrast, pupil shape, detector full-well, detected photons, and exposure times. C1 [Breckinridge, James; Bryant, Nevin; Lorre, John] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Breckinridge, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70133E DI 10.1117/12.787011 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400105 ER PT S AU Catanzarite, J Law, N Shao, M AF Catanzarite, Joseph Law, Nicholas Shao, Michael BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Astrometric detection of exo-Earths in the presence of stellar noise SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE astrometry; planet detection; radial velocity; starspots; sunspots ID CA-II H; SUNSPOT GROUPS; PLANET-SEARCH; STARS; EMISSION; DECAY; KECK AB Astrometry from space is capable of making extremely precise measurements of the positions of stars, at angular precision of well below 1 micro-arcsecond (uas) at each visit. Hundreds of visits over a period of five years could achieve a relative astrometric precision for the mission of below 0.05 uas; this is well below the astrometric signature of 0.3 uas for a Sun-Earth system at a distance of 10 pc. The Sun's photometric fluctuations on time scales from days to years are dominated by the rotation and evolution of stellar surface features (sunspots and faculae). This flux variability is a source of astrophysical noise in astrometric as well as radial velocity (RV) measurements of the star. In this paper we describe a dynamic starspot model that produces flux variability which is consistent with the measured photometric power spectra of the Sun and several other stars. We use that model to predict the jitter in astrometric and RV measurements due to starspots. We also employ empirical stellar activity models to estimate the astrometric jitter of a much larger sample of stars. The conclusion of these simulations is that astrometric detection of planets in the habitable zones of solar-type stars is not severely impacted by the noise due to starspots/faculae, down to well below one Earth mass. C1 [Catanzarite, Joseph; Shao, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Catanzarite, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70132K DI 10.1117/12.787904 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400078 ER PT S AU Colavita, MM Serabyn, E Booth, AJ Crawford, SL Garcia-Gathright, JI Ligon, ER Mennesson, BL Paine, CG Wizinowich, PL Ragland, S Appleby, EC Berkey, BC Cooper, A Dahl, W Gathright, JT Hrynevych, MA Medeiros, DW Morrison, D Panteleeva, T Smith, B Summers, KR Tsubota, K Tyau, C Wetherell, E Woillez, JM Akeson, RL Millan-Gabet, R Felizardo, C Koresko, CD Herstein, JS AF Colavita, M. M. Serabyn, E. Booth, A. J. Crawford, S. L. Garcia-Gathright, J. I. Ligon, E. R. Mennesson, B. L. Paine, C. G. Wizinowich, P. L. Ragland, S. Appleby, E. C. Berkey, B. C. Cooper, A. Dahl, W. Gathright, J. T. Hrynevych, M. A. Medeiros, D. W. Morrison, D. Panteleeva, T. Smith, B. Summers, K. R. Tsubota, K. Tyau, C. Wetherell, E. Woillez, J. M. Akeson, R. L. Millan-Gabet, R. Felizardo, C. Koresko, C. D. Herstein, J. S. BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Keck Interferometer Nuller Update SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Interferometry; Nulling; Keck ID SCIENCE AB The Keck Interferometer combines the two 10 m Keck telescopes as a long baseline interferometer, funded by NASA, as a joint development among the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the W. M. Keck Observatory, and the Michelson Science Center. Since 2004, it has offered an H- and K-band fringe visibility mode through the Keck TAC process. Recently this mode has been upgraded with the addition of a grism for higher spectral resolution. The 10 um nulling mode, for which first nulling data were collected in 2005, completed the bulk of its engineering development in 2007. At the end of 2007, three teams were chosen in response to a nuller key science call to perform a survey of nearby stars for exozodiacal dust. This key science observation program began in Feb. 2008. Under NSF funding, Keck Observatory is leading development of ASTRA, a project to add dual-star capability for high sensitivity observations and dual-star astrometry. We review recent activity at the Keck Interferometer, with an emphasis on the nuller development. C1 [Colavita, M. M.; Serabyn, E.; Booth, A. J.; Crawford, S. L.; Garcia-Gathright, J. I.; Ligon, E. R.; Mennesson, B. L.; Paine, C. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Colavita, MM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mark.colavita@jpl.nasa.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70130A DI 10.1117/12.789476 PN 1-3 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400010 ER PT S AU Danchi, WC Barry, RK Lawson, PR Traub, WA Unwin, S AF Danchi, W. C. Barry, R. K. Lawson, P. R. Traub, W. A. Unwin, S. BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI The Fourier Kelvin Stellar Interferometer (FKSI): A review, progress report, and update SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Protoplanetary Disks; Debris Disks; Exozodis; Exoplanets; Nulling Interferometry; Infrared Techniques; Passive Cooling; Infrared Detectors; Cryomechanisms; Infrared Optics; Cold Optics ID SOLAR-TYPE STARS; EXTRASOLAR PLANET; GIANT PLANETS; NEARBY STARS; DUSTY DEBRIS; DISCOVERY; EVOLUTION; SPECTRUM; SYSTEM; ATMOSPHERE AB The Fourier-Kelvin Stellar Interferometer (FKSI) mission is a two-telescope infrared space interferometer with a 12.5 meter baseline oil a boom, operating in the spectral range 3 to 8 (or 10) microns, and passively cooled to about 60 K. The main goals for the mission are the measurement and characterization of the exozodiacal emission around nearby stars, debris disks, and the atmospheres of known exoplanets, and the search for Super Earths around nearby stars. We discuss progress on this mission in the context of the upcoming Decadal Survey, in particular how FKSI is ideally suited to be an Exoplanet Probe mission in terms of crucial observations which Should be done before a flagship mission call be undertaken, as well as technical readiness, cost, and risk. C1 [Danchi, W. C.; Barry, R. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Danchi, WC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM william.c.danchi@nasa.gov; william.c.danchi@nasa.gov NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70132Q DI 10.1117/12.790649 PN 1-3 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400084 ER PT S AU Dekens, FG Bloemhof, EE Dubovitsky, S Eldred, D Goullioud, R Jeganathan, M Nicaise, F Zhao, F AF Dekens, Frank G. Bloemhof, Eric E. Dubovitsky, Serge Eldred, Daniel Goullioud, Renaud Jeganathan, Muthu Nicaise, Fabien Zhao, Feng BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI SIM-Lite: Status of the Engineering Progress towards flight. SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE SIM; Space Interferometry Mission; Interferometry; picometer AB We present an overview of the ongoing progress towards flight readiness of the SIM project. We Summarize file engineering milestones that have been completed in the last two years, namely: the Brass-Board Internal and External Metrology Beam Launchers, the Brass-Board Metrology Source, and the Instrument Communication Hardware/Software Architecture Demonstration. We also show other progress such as: the life, test of the bass-screw and PZT actuators, building the Metrology Fiducials and the Single, Strut. Test Article. We status the ongoing work oil the Brass-Board Fast Steering Mirror and the Brass-Board Astrometric Beam Combiner. We end with a proposed path towards finishing the Brass-Board suite. C1 [Dekens, Frank G.; Bloemhof, Eric E.; Dubovitsky, Serge; Eldred, Daniel; Goullioud, Renaud; Jeganathan, Muthu; Nicaise, Fabien; Zhao, Feng] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Dekens, FG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM fdekens@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70134U DI 10.1117/12.789828 PN 1-3 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400153 ER PT S AU Demers, RT An, X Azizi, A Brack, G Lay, O Ryan, D Shen, J Sun, G Tang, H Zhai, CX AF Demers, Richard T. An, Xin Azizi, Alireza Brack, Gary Lay, Oliver Ryan, Daniel Shen, Janice Sun, George Tang, Hong Zhai, Chengxing BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Spectral Calibration at the Picometer level on SCDU (Spectral Calibration Development Unit) SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE AB SCDU (Spectral Calibration Development Unit) is a vacuum test bed that was built and operated for the SIM-Planetquest Mission and has successfully demonstrated the calibration of spectral instrument error to an accuracy of better than 20 picometers. This performance is consistent with the 1 micro-arc second goal of SIM. The calibration procedure demonstrated in the test bed is traceable to the SIM flight instrument. This article is a review of all aspects of the design and operation of the hardware as well as the methodology for spectral calibration. Spectral calibration to better than 20 picometers and implications for flight are discussed. C1 [Demers, Richard T.; An, Xin; Azizi, Alireza; Brack, Gary; Lay, Oliver; Ryan, Daniel; Shen, Janice; Sun, George; Tang, Hong; Zhai, Chengxing] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Demers, RT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 171-113, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM richard.t.demers@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70132H DI 10.1117/12.790653 PN 1-3 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400076 ER PT S AU Goullioud, R Catanzarite, JH Dekens, FG Shao, M Marr, JC AF Goullioud, R. Catanzarite, J. H. Dekens, F. G. Shao, M. Marr, J. C., IV BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Overview of the SIM PlanetQuest Light mission concept. SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Interferometry; astrometry; exoplanets; SIM AB The Space Interferometry Mission PlanetQuest Light (or SIM-Lite) is a new concept for a space borne astrometric instrument. to be located in a solar Earth-trailing orbit. SIM-Lite utilizes technology developed over the past ten years for the SIM mission. The instrument consists of two Michelson stellar interferometers and a precision telescope. The first interferometer chops between the target star and a set of Reference stars. The second interferometer monitors the attitude of the instrument in the direction of the target star. The telescope monitors the attitude of the instrument in the other two directions. SIM-Lite will be capable of one micro-arc-second narrow angle astrometry on magnitude 6 or brighter stars, relative to magnitude 9 Reference stars in a two degree field. During the 5 year mission, SIM-Lite would search 65 nearby stars for planets of masses down to one Earth mass, in the Habitable Zone, which have orbit periods of less than 3 years. SIM-Lite will also perform global astrometry on a variety of astrophysics objects, reaching 4.5 micro-arc-seconds absolute position and parallax measurements. As a pointed instrument, SIM-Lite will be capable of achieving 8 micro-arc-second astrometric accuracy on 19th visual magnitude objects and 15 micro-arc-second astrometric accuracy oil 20th visual magnitude objects after 100 hours of integration. This paper will describe the instrument, how it will do its astrometric measurements and the expected performance based on the current technology. C1 [Goullioud, R.; Catanzarite, J. H.; Dekens, F. G.; Shao, M.; Marr, J. C., IV] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Goullioud, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Renaud.Goullioud@jpl.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70134T DI 10.1117/12.789988 PN 1-3 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400152 ER PT S AU Hahn, I Sandhu, J Weilert, M Smythe, R Nicaise, F Kang, B Dekens, F Goullioud, R AF Hahn, Inseob Sandhu, J. Weilert, M. Smythe, R. Nicaise, F. Kang, B. Dekens, F. Goullioud, R. BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI An introduction to the Guide-2 telescope testbed for the SIM Planet Quest Light mission SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE SIM; angle metrology AB The Space Interferometry Mission Light (SIM-Lite) is a new mission concept to perform a micro-arcsecond narrow-angle astrometry to search approximately 50 nearby stars for Earth-like planets, and to perform a global astrometry with all accuracy of six micro-arcsecond position and parallax measurements. The SIM-Lite consists of two Michelson interferometers and one telescope. The main six-meter baseline science interferometer observes a target star and a set of reference stars. The four-meter baseline interferometer (guide-1) monitors the attitude of the instrument in the direction of a target star. A Guide-2 telescope (G2T) tracks a bright star to monitor the attitude of the instrument in the other two orthogonal directions. To demonstrate the concept of the G2T, we have developed a testbed using brassboard optics built for the SIM project. The G2T testbed consists of a 35 cm siderostat, a beam compressor, and a fast steering mirror (FSM) in closed loop with a CCD based pointing sensor. A heterodyne laser angle metrology system is used to monitor angular positions of the FSM with required accuracy of 20 micro-arcsecond during SIM-Lite narrow-angle observation time. We present the concept of the testbed architecture and preliminary test results of the angular metrology (aMet) system. C1 [Hahn, Inseob; Sandhu, J.; Weilert, M.; Smythe, R.; Nicaise, F.; Kang, B.; Dekens, F.; Goullioud, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hahn, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Inseob.Hahn@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70134W DI 10.1117/12.789358 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400155 ER PT S AU Jeganathan, M Kuan, G Rud, M Lin, S Sutherland, K Moore, J An, X AF Jeganathan, Muthu Kuan, Gary Rud, Mike Lin, Sean Sutherland, Kristen Moore, James An, Xin BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Brassboard Astrometric Beam Combiner (ABC) Development for the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Astrometric Beam Combiner; Space Interferometry Mission; PlanetQuest; ABC; SIM AB The Astrometric Beam Combiner (ABC) is a critical element of the, Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) that performs three key functions: coherently combine starlight from two siderostats; individually detect starlight for angle tracking; and disperse and detect the interferometric fringes. In addition, the ABC contains: a stimulus, cornercubes and shutters for in-orbit calibration; several tip/tilt mirror mechanisms for in-orbit, alignment; and internal metrology beam launcher for pathlength monitoring. The detailed design of the brassboard ABC (which has the form, fit and function of the flight unit) is completely, procurement of long-lead items is underway, and assembly and testing is expected to be completed in Spring 2009. In this paper, we present the key requirements for the. ABC, details of the completed optical and mechanical design as well as plans for assembly and alignment. C1 [Jeganathan, Muthu; Kuan, Gary; Rud, Mike; Lin, Sean; Sutherland, Kristen; Moore, James; An, Xin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Jeganathan, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM muthu.jeganathan@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70134X DI 10.1117/12.789520 PN 1-3 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400156 ER PT S AU Kuan, GM AF Kuan, Gary M. BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Metrology Optical Power Budgeting in SIM Using Statistical Analysis Techniques SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Space Interferometry Mission; SIM; stellar interferometry; optical metrology; metrology; optical power budget; statistical analysis ID ERROR; TRUSS AB The Space Interferometry, Mission (SIM) is a space-based stellar interferometry instrument, consisting of up to three interferometers. which will be capable of micro-arc second resolution. Alignment, knowledge of the three interferometer baselines requires a three-dimensional, 14-leg truss with each leg being monitored by an external metrology gauge. In addition, each of the three interferometers requires in internal metrology gauge to monitor the optical path length differences between the two sides. Both external and internal metrology gauges are interferometry. based, operating at, a wavelength of 1319 nanometers. Each gauge has fiber inputs delivering measurement and local oscillator (LO) power, split, into probe-LO and reference-LO beam pairs. These beams experience power loss due to a variety of mechanisms including but not, restricted to, design efficiency. material attenuation, element misalignment, diffraction, and coupling efficiency. Since the attenuation due to these sources may degrade over time, an accounting of the range of expected attenuation is needed so an optical power margin can be book kept. A method of statistical optical power analysis and budgeting, based on a for deep space RF telecommunication, is described in this paper and provides a numerical confidence level for having sufficient optical power relative to mission metrology performance requirements. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kuan, GM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Gary.M.Kuan@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70134V DI 10.1117/12.790459 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400154 ER PT S AU Lawson, PR Lay, OP Martin, SR Peters, RD Gappinger, RO Ksendzov, A Scharf, DP Booth, AJ Beichman, CA Serabyn, E Johnston, KJ Danchi, WC AF Lawson, P. R. Lay, O. P. Martin, S. R. Peters, R. D. Gappinger, R. O. Ksendzov, A. Scharf, D. P. Booth, A. J. Beichman, C. A. Serabyn, E. Johnston, K. J. Danchi, W. C. BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Terrestrial Planet Finder Interferometer 2007-2008 Progress and Plans SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Interferometry; astronomy; extrasolar planets; nulling; formation flying ID LASER-LIGHT; DEEP; COMBINER; NULLER AB This paper provides an overview of technology development for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Interferometer (TPF-I). TPF-I is a mid-infrared space interferometer being designed with the capability of detecting Earth-like planets in the habitable zones around nearby stars. The overall technology roadmap is presented and progress with each of the testbeds is summarized. C1 [Lawson, P. R.; Lay, O. P.; Martin, S. R.; Peters, R. D.; Gappinger, R. O.; Ksendzov, A.; Scharf, D. P.; Booth, A. J.; Serabyn, E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lawson, PR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 301-451,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Peter.R.Lawson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70132N DI 10.1117/12.786822 PN 1-3 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400081 ER PT S AU Lyon, RG Rinehart, SA Leisawitz, DT Memarsadeghi, N AF Lyon, Richard G. Rinehart, Stephen A. Leisawitz, David T. Memarsadeghi, Nargess BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Wide-Field Imaging Interferometry Testbed (WIIT): Image Construction Algorithms SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Imaging interferometry; wide-field interferometry; Michelson interferometry; double-Fourier; image construction; deconvolution; maximum entropy AB The Wide-Field Imaging Interferometry Testbed (WIIT) is a wide-field spectral imaging Michelson interferometer designed and developed at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. WIIT is now operational and is being used to demonstrate imaging and spectroscopy over fields-of-view larger than the typically narrow primary beam footprint of a conventional Michelson interferometer. At the heart of this technique is the "double-Fourier" approach whereby the apertures and a delay line are both moved to collect interferograms over a 2D wide field detector grid simultaneously; one interferogram per detector pixel. This aggregate set of interferograms, as a function of baseline and delay line, is algorithmically processed to construct a hyperspectral image cube. Herein is developed and discussed the algorithm that constructs the image cube. We show our preliminary results using observed laboratory WIIT data and discuss our ongoing work for image deconvolution. C1 [Lyon, Richard G.; Rinehart, Stephen A.; Leisawitz, David T.; Memarsadeghi, Nargess] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lyon, RG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70131M DI 10.1117/12.789833 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400048 ER PT S AU Marr, JC Shao, M Goullioud, R AF Marr, James C. Shao, Michael Goullioud, Renaud BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI SIM-Lite: Progress Report SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Interferometer; Interferometry; astrometry; SIM; SIM-Lite; exoplanet; planet-finding AB SIM, a micro-arcsecond astrometry space mission, has been impacted by significant changes in NASA priorities over the last two years, resulting in the mission being indefinitely delayed. The project team has responded by investigating alternative mission concepts based upon completed SIM technology. Several alternative mission concepts have been identified, ranging from a planets-only concept, to versions of SIM, called SIM-Lite, that still address the full breadth of science envisioned by two previous National Academy Astrophysics Decadal Surveys but with lower precision and reduced throughput. These mission concepts are significantly more affordable and may fit into a nearer-term future scenario than the full SIM PlanetQuest(17) Would. This paper describes the current state of the project, including its design and technology, and the alternative mission concepts for the use of these designs and technology. C1 [Marr, James C.; Shao, Michael; Goullioud, Renaud] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Marr, JC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr MS 301-486, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM james.c.marr-iv@jpl.nasa.gov; Michael.shao@jpl.nasa.gov; renaud.goullioud@jpl.nasa.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70132M DI 10.1117/12.790273 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400080 ER PT S AU Martin, S Serabyn, E Liewer, K Loya, F Mennesson, B Hanot, C Mawet, D AF Martin, Stefan Serabyn, Eugene Liewer, Kurt Loya, Frank Mennesson, Bertrand Hanot, Charles Mawet, Dimitri BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI The development and applications of a ground-based fiber nulling coronagraph SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Nulling interferometry; nulling coronagraphy; exo-planets AB A rotating nulling coronagraph has been built for use oil ground-based telescopes. The system is based oil the concept of sub-aperturing die pupil of the telescope with two elliptical apertures and combining the resulting two input beams oil a single-mode fiber. By a relative pi phase shift of the beams, the starlight can be nulled and a relatively faint companion star can be detected. Rotation of the aperture mask oil the telescope pupil results in a signal similar to that expected from a space-borne telescope system such as the proposed TPF/Darwin interferometer. The design of the nulling coronagraph and the ancillary systems that are needed. such as the fringe tracker, are described and the potential for observations on telescopes such as the Palomar 200 '' is discussed. Results Of a nulling experiment using a single mode fiber as a beam combiner for broadband light between 1.50 mu m and 1.80 mu m are shown. C1 [Martin, Stefan; Serabyn, Eugene; Liewer, Kurt; Loya, Frank; Mawet, Dimitri] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Martin, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70131Y DI 10.1117/12.789484 PN 1-3 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400058 ER PT S AU Matsuo, T Shibai, H Kawada, M Hattori, M Ohta, SI Matsuo, H AF Matsuo, Taro Shibai, H. Kawada, M. Hattori, M. Ohta, S. I. Matsuo, H. BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Novel Spectral Imaging Method for Fizeau Interferometer SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Fizeau interferometer; Michelson interferometer; double Fourier interferometry ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM INTERFEROMETER; IOTA INTERFEROMETER; DOUBLE STARS; DIAMETER AB There are two different types of beam combination: Fizeau interferometer and Michelson interferometer. Pupil plane beam combination is referred as Fizeau interferometer. On the other hand, image plane beam combination is referred as Michelson interferometer. In general, working principles of Michelson interferometers are based on double Fourier interferometry. It is possible to acquire two-dimensional spatial and one-dimensional spectral information of the sky by applying a Fourier transform spectrometer algorithm and the Van Cittert-Zernike theorem. This imaging scheme is referred to as the double Fourier interferometry. On the other hand, it is so far thought to be difficult to perforin the imaging with a Fizeau interferometer. because Fizeau interferometers basically don't have a delay line that is equipped with Michelson interferometers. Here, Matsuo et al.(1) presented a new spectral imaging method for Fizeau interferometers, based on double Fourier interferometry. They noticed that a delay axis in Michelson interferometers is equal to the axis of a fringe pattern on an image plane in Fizeau interferometers. Therefore, this new approach can acquire three-dimensional information of the sky using a linear array detector placed on the image plane. In this paper, we compare the new spectral imaging method for Fizeau interferometer with the conventional one used for Michelson interferometer and discuss spectral resolutions and field of views of these imaging methods. C1 [Matsuo, Taro] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Matsuo, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70132F DI 10.1117/12.788321 PN 1-3 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400074 ER PT S AU Milman, MH Murphy, D AF Milman, Mark H. Murphy, Dave BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI High-precision Narrow Angle Astrometry with a Space-borne Interferometer SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE astrometry; interferometry AB This paper develops all observing and processing scheme for narrow angle astrometry using it single baseline interferometer without the aid of "grid" stars to characterize the interferometer baseline vector in inertial space. The basic concept derives from the recognition that, over a narrow field the set, of fundamental unknown instrument parameters that arise because the interferometer baseline vector has large uncertainties (since there are no grid star measurements) is indistinguishable from a particular set, of unobservable errors in the determination of star positions with the field. Reference stars within the narrow field are used to circumvent these unobservable modes. Feasibility of the approach is demonstrated through analysis and example simulations. C1 [Milman, Mark H.; Murphy, Dave] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Milman, MH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 701354 DI 10.1117/12.790149 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400163 ER PT S AU Pan, XP Shao, M AF Pan, Xiaopei Shao, Michael BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Analysis of Planet Effect of Reference Star On Searching for Earth-like Planets SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Earth-like planets; space interferometer; reference stars AB It is a challenging task to find exoplanets because of the huge contrast between star and planets in mass and in brightness. It is more challenging to determine the masses of exoplanets because it requires extremely high astrometric accuracy. In particular detection of Earth-like planets needs sub-microarcsecond (pas) precision which is possible only by narrow-angle astrometry via the SIM PlanetQuest mission. The narrow-angle observation mode of SIM PlanetQuest requires several distant reference stars, which are close enough in the sky around the target, typically within one degree. This paper provides statistical estimates of available reference stars for all candidate stars in searching for Earth-like planets. It is inevitable that some of reference stars will have binary components and planets. This paper describes the analysis techniques and various error estimates for binary jitters and planet effects of reference stars. Because of the limited number and duration of observations of SIM PlanetQuest, the Monte Carlo simulations indicate that certain long period planets around reference stars may not be detected. Earth-like planets around target stars, however, call be detected unambiguously. Finally, we demonstrate the Current best estimates of instrument error, photon noise. reference stars planet disturbance, stellar jitters, etc., and conclude that the orbits of Earth-like planets with sub-pas astrometric signatures call be determined accurately by SIM PlanetQuest for nearby candidate stars. C1 [Pan, Xiaopei; Shao, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pan, XP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM xiaopei.pan@jpl.nasa.gov; Michael.Shao@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 701353 DI 10.1117/12.787167 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400162 ER PT S AU Peters, RD Lay, OP Hirai, A Jeganathan, M AF Peters, Robert D. Lay, Oliver P. Hirai, Akiko Jeganathan, Muthu BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Progress in deep broadband interferometric nulling with the Adaptive Nuller SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Nulling interferometry; planet detection; deformable mirror; dispersion compensator; nulling; amplitude and phase correction; adaptive nuller AB Deep, stable starlight suppression is needed for the direct interferometric detection of Earth-like planets and requires careful control of the intensity and phase of the beams that are being combined. We have developed a novel compensator for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Interferometer based on a deformable mirror to correct the intensity and phase at each wavelength across the bandwidth of 8 to 12 microns wavelength. This paper will discuss the results of using the adaptive nuller to achieve deep broadband nulling in the mid-IR. C1 [Peters, Robert D.; Lay, Oliver P.; Hirai, Akiko; Jeganathan, Muthu] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Peters, RD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Robert.D.Peters@jpl.nasa.tgov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70131V DI 10.1117/12.786845 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400055 ER PT S AU Rinehart, S Leisawitz, D Frey, B Lyon, R Maher, S Memarsadeghi, N AF Rinehart, S. Leisawitz, D. Frey, B. Lyon, R. Maher, S. Memarsadeghi, N. BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI The Wide-Field Imaging Interferometry Testbed (WIIT): Recent Progress and Results SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Interferometry; Michelson interferometer; Wide-Field Imaging; Synthesis Imaging; Testbed ID DESIGN; PLANS AB Research with the Wide-Field Imaging Interferometry Testbed (WIIT) is ongoing, and in the past year we have achieved several important milestones. We have moved WIIT into the Advanced Interferometry and Metrology (AIM) Laboratory at Goddard, and have characterized the testbed in this well-controlled environment. The system is now completely automated and we are in the process of acquiring large data sets for analysis. In this paper, we discuss these new developments and outline Our future research directions. The WIIT testbed, combined with new data analysis techniques and algorithms. provides a demonstration of the technique of wide-field interferometric imaging, a powerful tool for future space-borne interferometers. Algorithm development is discussed in a separate paper within this conference. C1 [Rinehart, S.; Leisawitz, D.; Frey, B.; Lyon, R.; Memarsadeghi, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rinehart, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Stephen.A.Rinehart@nasa.gov RI Lyon, Richard/D-5022-2012 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70132S DI 10.1117/12.787402 PN 1-3 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400086 ER PT S AU Shao, M Bairstow, S Levine, BM Vasisht, G Lane, BF Vasudevan, G Woodruff, R Samuele, R Wynn, J Clampin, M Lyon, R Guyon, O AF Shao, M. Bairstow, Sarah Levine, B. Martin Vasisht, Gautam Lane, Benjamin F. Vasudevan, Gopal Woodruff, Robert Samuele, Rocco Wynn, Jeffrey Clampin, Mark Lyon, Richard Guyon, Olivier BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI DAVINCI, A Diluter Aperture Visible Nulling Coronagraphic Instrument SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE ID SPECKLE AB DAVINCI is a dilute aperture nulling coronagraph that has the potential of directly detecting an Earth in the habitable zone around similar to 100 nearby stars. The novel feature of this mission concept is to replace a filled aperture 5-6 meter telescope with 4 by 1.1 meter telescopes in a phased array, dramatically reducing the cost by potentially by a factor of 5-10. C1 [Shao, M.; Bairstow, Sarah; Levine, B. Martin; Vasisht, Gautam] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Shao, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Clampin, mark/D-2738-2012; Lyon, Richard/D-5022-2012 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70132T DI 10.1117/12.789767 PN 1-3 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400087 ER PT S AU Shen, TJ Zhai, CX An, X Tang, H Sun, G Demers, RT AF Shen, TsaePyng Janice Zhai, ChengXing An, Xin Tang, Hong Sun, George Demers, Richard T. BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Achievements of Picometer Performance from Interferometer Spectral Calibration Development Unit (SCDU) SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE AB This paper will present the analysis results taken from a well-designed interferometer SCDU. The objective is to deliver picometer performance to meet the allocated astrometric error budget from SIM PlanetQuest mission. It will describe the validation of optical designs and analysis procedures to achieve high accuracy of the tip-tilt and shear alignments. Then it will enumerate environmental factors essential to the SCDU performances. Finally it will report color-independent 3 picometer Narrow Angle (NA) performance and all-in-one 17 picometer NA performance. The all-in-one pico-performance will require spectral calibration modeling to remove delay differential induced by color. C1 [Shen, TsaePyng Janice; Zhai, ChengXing; An, Xin; Tang, Hong; Sun, George; Demers, Richard T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Shen, TJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM janice.shen@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 701350 DI 10.1117/12.790586 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400159 ER PT S AU Tang, H AF Tang, Hong BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI SIM PlanetQuest Spectral Calibration Development Unit beam combiner SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Beam combiner; dispersion; stellar interferometer; coatings ID CHANNELED SPECTRUM AB The beam combiner of ail astronomical long-baseline interferometer combines the two beams of starlight to form white-light fringes. We describe beam combiner in the SIM PlanetQuest Spectral Calibration Development Unit (SCDU). In addition to forming white light fringes, the beam combiner provides other functions such as separating the light for guiding, fringe tracking, and science measurement. It is designed to function over the optical bandpass 450-950 nm. Coating design is critical to beam combiner as residual dispersion and mismatches affect the ability to accurately measure the position of stars of varying spectral types. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tang, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70134Y DI 10.1117/12.790533 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400157 ER PT S AU Unwin, SC Shao, M Edberg, SJ AF Unwin, Stephen C. Shao, Michael Edberg, Stephen J. BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Precision astrometry with a space-based interferometer SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Space Interferometry Mission; SIM Lite; Astrometry; Planet Detection; Stellar Astrophysics; Quasars ID MISSION; STARS; PLANETS; ORBITS; MODELS; MASSES; GALAXY AB A flexibly-scheduled astrometric interferometer can be used to address a wide range of problems in astrophysics. We use NASA's Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) Lite with rnicroarcsecond accuracy astrometry on targets as faint as V=19 to illustrate the opportunities. SIM Lite can be scheduled to efficiently detect Earth-mass planets around nearby stars, including multiple planet systems, seriously test models of the astrophysics of stars, probe dark matter in our galaxy, and to track changes in the parsec-scale structure of distant active galactic nuclei. A space-based optical interferometer enables rnicroarcsecond precision astrometry of stars, for a wide range of interesting problems in Galactic and stellar astronomy, including planet detection and characterization. The Space Interferometry Mission Lite will be the first space-based Michelson optical interferometer for precision astrometry. In this paper, we briefly summarize the many science applications of this flexibly-scheduled instrument. Details of the design and operation of SIM Lite are covered in other papers in this conference. One of the most important science areas for SIM Lite is the detection and characterization of planets orbiting other stars via the well-known astrometric wobble. With a precision of smaller than one microarcsecond in a single observation, SIM Lite has the capability to detect Earth-like planets around at least 60 nearby stars. This ability to sensitively Survey our local stellar neighborhood is a unique opportunity. SIM Lite will be able to characterize multiple-planet systems, which are now known to exist, studying their dynamical properties including long-term stability. Detailed follow-Lip of the most interesting (perhaps Sun-like) systems is an exciting prospect. Astrometry is complementary to other techniques Such as radial velocity, which has already yielded many new planets, because it enables measurement of planetary masses rather than mass lower limits. It will detect small planets around young stars (up to 100 Myr old) to help understand the formation and evolution of planetary systems; these are hard to Study other than by astrometry. Thus astrometry pen-nits the study of the nature and evolution of planetary systems in their full diversity, including age, by including young (0.5-100 Myr) solar-type stars. Because it is a pointed instrument, SIM Lite maintains its full astrometric accuracy on targets as faint as V=19, which opens up a range of rare (and therefore distant) stellar types to be observed. Stellar masses and luminosities can be measured to accuracies better than 1%, which is currently hard to do, especially for rare types. Its reach extends to probing dark matter in our Galaxy, and tracking changes in the nuclei of distant active galaxies. SIM Lite will make astrometric measurements by observing a grid of reference stars covering the sky, and make inertial observations of distant quasars; in this frame SIM Lite will deliver positions and parallaxes to better than 4 microarcsecond. SIM Lite uses technologies developed during more than a decade of testbed work and will see application in many future astrophysics missions, so this mission paves the way to the future technically as well as scientifically. The mission is currently in NASA Phase B, and is being considered for full-scale development. C1 [Unwin, Stephen C.; Shao, Michael; Edberg, Stephen J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Unwin, SC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 301-486,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM stephen.unwin@jpl.nasa.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70132L DI 10.1117/12.790018 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400079 ER PT S AU Wang, X AF Wang, Xu BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI The mask designs for Space Interferometer Mission (SIM) SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Diffraction; metrology; interferometry AB The Space Interferometer Mission (SIM) consists of three interferometers (science, guide1, and guide2) and two optical paths (metrology and starlight). The system requirements for each interferometer/optical path combination are different and sometimes work against each other. A diffraction model is developed to design and optimize various masks to simultaneously meet the system requirements of three interferometers. In this paper, the details of this diffraction model will be described first. Later, the mask design for each interferometer will be presented to demonstrate the system performance compliance. In the end, a tolerance sensitivity study on the geometrical dimension, shape, and the alignment of these masks will be discussed. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM xu.wang@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 701352 DI 10.1117/12.787256 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400161 ER PT S AU Zhai, C Yu, J Shao, M Goullioud, R An, X Demers, R Milman, M Shen, T Tang, H AF Zhai, C. Yu, J. Shao, M. Goullioud, R. An, X. Demers, R. Milman, M. Shen, T. Tang, H. BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Picometer accuracy white light fringe modeling for SIM PlanetQuest Spectral Calibration Development Unit SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Interferometry; calibration; estimation; wave front aberration ID CHANNELED SPECTRUM AB The SIM PlanetQuest Mission will perform astrometry to one microsecond accuracy using optical interferometers requiring optical path delay difference (OPD) measurements accurate to tens of picometers. Success relies on very precise calibration. Spectral Calibration Development, Unit (SCDU) has been built, to demonstrate the capability of calibrating spectral dependency of the white light, fringe OPD to accuracy better than 20pm. In this article, we present the spectral calibration modeling work fer SCDU to achieve the SIM PlanetQuest Engineering Milestone 4. SCDU data analysis shows that the wave front aberrations cause the instrument phase dispersions to vary by tens of nanometers over the bandwidth of a CCD pixel making the previous model inadequate. We include the effect, of the wave front aberrations in the white light fringe model and develop a procedure for calibrating the corresponding model parameters using long stroke fringe data based on Discrete Fourier Transform. We make the calibration procedure flight traceable by dividing the whole calibration into the instrument calibration and the source spectral calibration. End-to-end simulations are used to quantify both the systematic and random errors in spectral calibration. The efficacy of the calibration scheme is demonstrated using the SCDU experimental data. C1 [Zhai, C.; Yu, J.; Shao, M.; Goullioud, R.; An, X.; Demers, R.; Milman, M.; Shen, T.; Tang, H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Zhai, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM chengxing.zhai@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70134Z DI 10.1117/12.790294 PN 1-3 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400158 ER PT S AU Chainyk, M Hoff, C Larour, E Moore, G Schiermeier, J AF Chainyk, Mike Hoff, Claus Larour, Eric Moore, Greg Schiermeier, John BE Kahan, MA TI A Thermo/Opto/Mechanical Testbed Validation Using Cielo SO OPTICAL BELIEVE IT OR NOT: KEY LESSONS LEARNED SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Believe It of Not - Key Lessons Learned CY AUG 11-12, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Multidisciplinary analysis; systems analysis; finite clement analysis; test and analysis correlation AB Due to their scale, operating environment, and required levels of operating precision, the design of the next generation of space-based observatories will necessarily place an ever-greater reliance on numerical simulation. Since it will be impossible to fully ground-test such systems prior to flight, system-level confidence must come, in large part, from correlated subsystem tests, system-level simulation, and an overall design understanding based on quantification of margins of uncertainty, sensitivity analyses, parameter variation studies, and design optimization. Further challenges will necessarily arise due to the actively-controlled nature of such systems, requiring fundamentally-integrated thermal, structural, optical, and controls models. In this paper we will discuss Cielo, JPL's multidisciplinary, high-capability compute platform for systems analysis, and describe some of the challenges in demonstrating these capabilities for the first time on a complex model, the Space Interferometry Mission's Thermal-Structural-Optical (SIM-TOM3) testbed. The successes and lessons learned from these activities have the potential to greatly influence subsequent test programs, leading to greater design understanding, improved mission confidence, and significant cost and schedule reductions. C1 [Chainyk, Mike; Hoff, Claus; Larour, Eric; Moore, Greg; Schiermeier, John] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chainyk, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mike.chainyk@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7291-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7071 AR 70710F DI 10.1117/12.799647 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIY50 UT WOS:000263707200008 ER PT J AU Lekki, J AF Lekki, John TI Quantum entanglement enables low-power optical communication to orbital ranges SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE optical communications; quantum optics; space optics; photonics ID PHOTON PAIRS; AIR AB The signal intensity as a function of range is considered for optical communication systems that utilize time-coincident pairs (or larger sets) of photons for information encoding. Two systems are examined: one that generates pairs of photons that have an entangled quantum state, and another where the pairs of photons are generated from a pair of pulsed photon sources. The signal intensity as a function of range is analyzed as a qualitative first-order approximation for these two techniques. For the first time, to this author's knowledge, it is shown that pairs of photons that share a quantum state, and hence have highly correlated momenta, can produce communication systems that have a high degree of noise immunity and are useful for ranges significantly beyond the collimated range of the transmitter, which up until now has been considered the maximum range. As an example, it is shown that a transmitter with a 1-m aperture and a pair of pulsed photon sources will be effective for about 200 km, while a transmitter with the same aperture and a quantum-entangled photon source will have an effective range greater than 60,000 km. (C) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Brookpark, OH 44135 USA. RP Lekki, J (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 77-1,21000 Brookpk Rd, Brookpark, OH 44135 USA. EM John.D.Lekki@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 AR 015003 DI 10.1117/1.2835043 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 270JR UT WOS:000253717600024 ER PT J AU Wright, MW Roberts, J Farr, W Wilson, K AF Wright, Malcolm W. Roberts, Jennifer Farr, William Wilson, Keith TI Improved optical communications performance combining adaptive optics and pulse position modulation SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE laser communications; adaptive optics; pulse position modulation ID BIT-ERROR-RATE; LASER COMMUNICATIONS; DETECTOR AB A free-space optical communication channel suffers degraded performance due to blurring and scintillation of the received signal caused by atmospheric turbulence. Adaptive optics (AO) improves the communication performance of such a channel by concentrating the received power on the detector. The degree of improvement with AO correction depends on the modulation format, and on the modulation order when pulse position modulation is utilized. Gains of up to 6 dB with AO have been experimentally validated in a laboratory test bed under simulated atmospheric conditions involving turbulence and background light. The fade statistics of the turbulent atmospheric channel have also been analyzed with and without AO correction. (C) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 [Wright, Malcolm W.; Roberts, Jennifer; Farr, William; Wilson, Keith] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Wright, MW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 AR 016003 DI 10.1117/1.2829764 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 270JR UT WOS:000253717600031 ER PT S AU Chao, TH Lu, TT Davis, SR Rommel, SD Farca, G Luey, B Martin, A Anderson, MH AF Chao, Tien-Hsin Lu, Thomas T. Davis, Scott R. Rommel, Scott D. Farca, George Luey, Ben Martin, Alan Anderson, Michael H. BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Compact liquid crystal waveguide based Fourier transform spectrometer for in-situ and remote gas and chemical sensing - art. no. 69770P SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XIX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XIX CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE solid-state Fourier transform spectrometer; liquid crystal waveguide; miniature spectrometer; near-IR spectrometer; liquid crystal clad waveguide; electro-optic FTIR AB Vescent Photonics Inc. and Jet Propulsion Lab are jointly developing an innovative ultra-compact (volume < 10 cm(3)), ultra-low power (< 10(-3) Watt-hours per measurement and zero power consumption when not measuring), completely non-mechanical electro-optic Fourier transform spectrometers (EO-FTS) that will be suitable for a variety of remote-platform, in-situ measurements. These devices are made possible by a novel electro-evanescent waveguide architecture, enabling "chip-scale" EO-FTS sensors. The potential performance of these EO-FTS sensors include: i) a spectral range throughout 0.4-5 mu m (25000 - 2000 cm(-1)), ii) high-resolution (Delta lambda <= 0. 1 nm), iii) high-speed (< 1 ms) measurements, and iv) rugged integrated optical construction. This performance potential enables the detection and quantification of a large number of different atmospheric gases simultaneously in the same air mass and the rugged construction will enable deployment on previously inaccessible platforms. The sensor construction is also amenable for analyzing aqueous samples on remote floating or submerged platforms. To date a proof-of-principle prototype EO-FTS sensor has been demonstrated in the near-IR (range of 1450-1700 nm) with a 5 run resolution. This performance is in good agreement with theoretical models, which are being used to design and build the next generation of EO-FTS devices. C1 [Chao, Tien-Hsin; Lu, Thomas T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chao, TH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7168-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6977 BP P9770 EP P9770 DI 10.1117/12.785888 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIA88 UT WOS:000257982800020 ER PT S AU Chao, TH Lu, T AF Chao, Tien-Hsin Lu, Thomas BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Grayscale optical correlator for CAD/CAC applications SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XIX CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Grayscale Optical correlator; neural network mine data CAD/CAC ID NEURAL-NETWORK TRACKING; PRECISION AB This paper describes JPL's recent work on high-perforniance automatic target recognition (ATR) processor consisting of a Grayscale Optical Correlator (GOC) and neural network for various Computer Aided Detection and Computer Aided Classification (CAD/CAC) applications. A simulation study for sonar mine and mine-like target detection and classification is presented. Applications to periscope video ATR is also presented. C1 [Chao, Tien-Hsin; Lu, Thomas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Chao, TH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7168-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6977 AR 697704 DI 10.1117/12.785873 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIA88 UT WOS:000257982800003 ER PT S AU Rakoczy, JM Herren, KA AF Rakoczy, John M. Herren, Kenneth A. BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Space vehicle pose estimation via optical correlation and nonlinear estimation SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XIX CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE pose estimation; optical correlation; neural networks; rendezvous & docking; binary phase-only filters ID MODULATORS AB A technique for 6-degee-of-freedom (6DOF) pose estimation of space vehicles is being developed. This technique draws upon recent developments in implementing optical correlation measurements in a nonlinear estimator, which relates the optical correlation measurements to the pose states (orientation and position). For the optical correlator, the use of both conjugate filters and binary, phase-only filters in the design of synthetic discriminant function (SDF) filters is explored. A static neural network is trained a priori and used as the nonlinear estimator. New commercial animation and image rendering software is exploited to design the SDF filters and to generate a large filter set with which to train the neural network. The technique is applied to pose estimation for rendezvous and docking of free-flying spacecraft and to terrestrial surface mobility systems for NASA's Vision for Space Exploration. Quantitative pose estimation performance will be reported. Advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of this technique are discussed. C1 [Rakoczy, John M.; Herren, Kenneth A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Rakoczy, JM (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7168-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6977 AR 69770E DI 10.1117/12.775200 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIA88 UT WOS:000257982800011 ER PT S AU Talukder, A Panangadan, A AF Talukder, Ashit Panangadan, Anand BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Predictive control and resource management of a distributed coastal monitoring sensor network SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XIX CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE adaptive control; minimum energy control; sensor networks; resource management; spatio-temporal modeling; predictive control; wireless communication AB A novel model predictive control (MPC) technique is used as a general framework for resource management in sensor networks. The MPC formulation adapts the sensor network system parameters that impact the energy consumption rate (such as sensor sampling rates) to variations in the criticality of the phenomenon being monitored. This approach is illustrated using two examples. The first is based on a sensor network where the data is temporal in nature. The second is based on an coastal environment monitoring network where the data is spatiotemporal in nature and event criticality shows variation in both space and time. Simulation results from both these applications are presented that demonstrate the functioning of the proposed predictive controller in sensor network control. C1 [Talukder, Ashit] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Panangadan, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Ashit.Talukder@jpl.nasa.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7168-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6977 AR 69770Q DI 10.1117/12.785897 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIA88 UT WOS:000257982800021 ER PT S AU Abdeldayern, H Frazier, DO Witherow, WK Banks, CE Penn, BG Paley, MS AF Abdeldayern, Hossin Frazier, Donald O. Witherow, William K. Banks, Curtis E. Penn, Benjamin G. Paley, Mark S. BE Dolev, S Haist, T Oltean, M TI Recent Advances in Photonic Devices for Optical Super Computing SO OPTICAL SUPERCOMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Optical SuperComputing CY AUG 26, 2008 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Opt Soc Amer ID PI-CONJUGATED OLIGOMERS; PHOTOREFRACTIVE POLYMER; LOGIC GATES; PHASE-CONJUGATION; FAR-FIELD; LIGHT; INTERCONNECTS; BANDGAP; PROCESSORS; GENERATION C1 [Abdeldayern, Hossin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 305, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Frazier, Donald O.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Witherow, William K.; Banks, Curtis E.; Penn, Benjamin G.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, ISHM & Sensors Branch, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Paley, Mark S.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, AZ TECH, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Abdeldayern, H (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 305, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI banks, craig/0000-0002-0756-9764 NR 89 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-85672-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5172 BP 9 EP + PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BIM19 UT WOS:000260672900002 ER PT S AU Connelly, JA Bos, BJ Davila, PS Eichhorn, WL Frey, BJ Hagopian, JG Hylan, JE Marsh, JM McGuffey, DB McMann, J Nowak, MD Ohl, RG Redman, KW Sabatke, D Sampler, HP Stock, J Sullivan, J Wenzeld, GW Wright, GA Young, P AF Connelly, Joseph A. Bos, Brent J. Davila, Pamela S. Eichhorn, William L. Frey, Bradley J. Hagopian, John G. Hylan, Jason E. Marsh, James M. McGuffey, Douglas B. McMann, Joseph Nowak, Maria D. Ohl, Raymond G. Redman, Kevin W. Sabatke, Derek Sampler, Henry P. Stock, Joseph Sullivan, Joseph Wenzeld, Gregory W. Wright, Geraldine A. Young, Philip BE Sasian, JM Youngworth, RN TI Optical Metrology and Alignment of the James Webb Space Telescope Integrated Science Instrument Module SO OPTICAL SYSTEM ALIGNMENT AND TOLERANCING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optical System Alignment and Tolerancing CY AUG 10-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE JWST; ISIM; OSIM; GSFC; cryogenic; photogrammetry; laser tracker; metrology AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is an infrared space telescope scheduled for launch in 2013. JWST has a 6.5 meter diameter deployable and segmented primary mirror, a deployable secondary mirror, and a deployable sun-shade. The optical train of JWST consists of the Optical Telescope Element (OTE), and the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM), which contains four science instruments. When the four science instruments are integrated to ISIM at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, the structure becomes the ISIM Element. The ISIM Element is assembled at ambient cleanroom conditions using theodolite, photogrammetry, and laser tracker metrology, but it operates at cryogenic temperature, and temperature-induced mechanical and alignment changes are measured using photogrammetry. The OTE simulator (OSIM) is a high-fidelity, cryogenic, telescope simulator that features a similar to 1.5 meter diameter powered mirror. OSIM is used to test the optical performance of the science instruments in the ISIM Element, including focus, pupil shear, and wavefront error. OSIM is aligned to the flight coordinate system in six degrees of freedom via OSIM-internal cryogenic mechanisms and feedback from alignment sensors. We highlight optical metrology methods, introduce the ISIM and the Science Instruments, describe the ambient alignment and test plan, the cryogenic test plan, and verification of optical performance of the ISIM Element in cryo-vacuum environment. C1 [Connelly, Joseph A.; Bos, Brent J.; Davila, Pamela S.; Eichhorn, William L.; Frey, Bradley J.; Hagopian, John G.; Hylan, Jason E.; Marsh, James M.; McGuffey, Douglas B.; Nowak, Maria D.; Ohl, Raymond G.; Sampler, Henry P.; Wright, Geraldine A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Connelly, JA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Joseph.A.Connelly@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7288-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7068 AR 70680F DI 10.1117/12.798778 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BJC69 UT WOS:000264753300011 ER PT S AU Nowak, M Cleveland, P Crane, A Davila, P Herrera, A Hylan, J Liehr, A Marsh, J Ohl, R Redman, K Sampler, H Stock, J Wenzel, G Woodruff, R Young, P AF Nowak, Maria Cleveland, Paul Crane, Allen Davila, Pam Herrera, Acey Hylan, Jason Liehr, Andrew Marsh, James Ohl, Raymond Redman, Kevin Sampler, Henry Stock, Joseph Wenzel, Greg Woodruff, Robert Young, Philip BE Sasian, JM Youngworth, RN TI Verification of the James Webb Space Telescope Integrated Science Instrument Module Cryogenic Structural Alignment Requirements via Photogrammetry SO OPTICAL SYSTEM ALIGNMENT AND TOLERANCING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optical System Alignment and Tolerancing CY AUG 10-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE JWST; ISIM; photogrammetry; cryogenic; precision; GSFC; metrology; uncertainty AB The alignment philosophy of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) is such that the cryogenic changes in the alignment of the science instruments (SIs) and telescope-related interfaces are captured in an alignment error budget. The SIs are aligned to the structure's coordinate system under ambient, clean room conditions using laser tracker and theodolite metrology. The ISIM structure is thermally cycled and temperature-induced mechanical and structural changes are concurrently measured to ensure they are within the predicted boundaries. We report on the ISIM photogrammetry system and its role in the cryogenic verification of the ISIM structure. We describe the cryogenic metrology error budget and the analysis and testing that was performed on the ISIM mockup, a full scale aluminum model of the ISIM structure, to ensure that the system design allows the metrology goals to be met, including measurement repeatability and distortion introduced from the camera canister windows. C1 [Nowak, Maria; Davila, Pam; Herrera, Acey; Hylan, Jason; Marsh, James; Ohl, Raymond; Sampler, Henry] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Nowak, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM maria.d.nowak@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7288-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7068 AR 70680Q DI 10.1117/12.798791 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BJC69 UT WOS:000264753300020 ER PT S AU Blakkolb, B Katz, I Mikellides, L AF Blakkolb, Brian Katz, Ira Mikellides, Ioannis BE Straka, SA TI Modeling of volatile contamination transport for surface operations of the Mars Science Laboratory SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION: EFFECTS, MEASUREMENTS, AND CONTROL 2008 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination - Effects, Measurements, and Control 2008 CY AUG 13-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Gas-phase contamination modeling for space systems typically looks at the free molecular flow regime, Knudsen number >> 1, wherein transport is characterized by collisionless motion of contaminant molecules and deposition proportional to grey- or black-body view factors. Such an approach, however, was not applicable to the contamination transport environment [to be] encountered by the NASA Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) during surface operations on the Red Planet. For MSL, we required an understanding of contaminant transport under the Mars-ambient conditions of an approximately 8 Torr CO(2) atmosphere in order to provide traceability between hardware outgassing limits and the allowable vapor-phase contaminant concentrations in the vicinity of atmospheric sampling sensors and deposition to prospective solid sample sites on the Martian surface. In setting outgassing requirements for the MSL surface system, an engineering upper-bound estimate-rather than a precise result based on an all-inclusive simulation of the dynamic flow field-of the local contamination density was needed. Here we describe a 3-D, low-speed computational fluid dynamics approach, including molecular diffusion, to determine mixing ratios of contaminants at the atmospheric sample inlets and solid sample inlet deposition rates. Turbulence enhances the effective diffusion, leading to the dilution of the volatile contaminants, which reduces contamination concentration at a distance far from the source in comparison to inviscid or laminar flow fields: Therefore, the approach employed here results in a conservative upper bound compared to one in which turbulence is explicitly addressed. Because contaminant transport in this environment (Peclet number in the range of 50-1000) is advection dominated, spatial contamination concentration is a strongly-peaked function of the wind direction. Results of sample calculations for expected Mar wind speeds (u(infinity) = 1-20 m/s) and several wind directions are presented. C1 [Blakkolb, Brian; Katz, Ira; Mikellides, Ioannis] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Blakkolb, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7289-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7069 AR 70690G DI 10.1117/12.796092 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BIZ92 UT WOS:000264057400014 ER PT S AU Wooldridge, E Arenberg, J AF Wooldridge, Eve Arenberg, Jonathan BE Straka, SA TI Contamination effects and requirements derivation for the James Webb Space Telescope SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION: EFFECTS, MEASUREMENTS, AND CONTROL 2008 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination - Effects, Measurements, and Control 2008 CY AUG 13-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will carry on exploration of the early universe with a 6-m exposed primary mirror and cryogenically cooled instruments. The mirror and its instruments will perform extremely deep exposures at near infra-red wavelengths (0.6-30 microns), and will operate for 5-10 years. The contamination effects of foremost concern on JWST are those of scatter due to particulate contamination on the primary mirror, loss of transmission from particulate, molecular and ice contamination, and loss of detector operation due to ice forming during cool-down of the observatory. The effects on JWST science of these contamination sources will be described together with how requirements for cleanliness levels were subsequently established. C1 [Wooldridge, Eve] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wooldridge, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7289-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7069 AR 70690J DI 10.1117/12.801664 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BIZ92 UT WOS:000264057400017 ER PT S AU Ott, MN LaRocca, F Thomes, WJ Switzer, R Chuska, R Macmurphy, S AF Ott, Melanie N. LaRocca, Frank Thomes, William Joe Switzer, Robert Chuska, Richard Macmurphy, Shawn BE Dickey, FM Beyer, RA TI Applications of optical fiber assemblies in harsh environments: The journey past, present, and future SO OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR ARMING, SAFING, FUZING, AND FIRING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Technologies for Arming Safing, Fuzing, and Firing IV CY AUG 13-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE space flight; optical fiber; lunar; connector; mars; ISS; communication; Mercury; laser AB Over the past ten years, NASA has studied the effects of harsh environments on optical fiber assemblies for communication systems, lidar systems, and science missions. The culmination of this has resulted in recent technologies that are unique and tailored to meeting difficult requirements under challenging performance constraints. This presentation will focus on the past mission applications of optical fiber assemblies, including: qualification information, lessons learned, and new technological advances that will enable the road ahead. C1 [Ott, Melanie N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ott, MN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Melanie.n.ott@nasa.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7290-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7070 AR 707009 DI 10.1117/12.797021 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BIZ50 UT WOS:000263959200007 ER PT S AU Thomes, WJ LaRocca, FV Switzer, RC Ott, MN Chuska, RF Macmurphy, SL AF Thomes, William J., Jr. LaRocca, Frank V. Switzer, Robert C. Ott, Melanie N. Chuska, Rick F. Macmurphy, Shawn L. BE Dickey, FM Beyer, RA TI Vibration performance comparison study on current fiber optic connector technologies SO OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR ARMING, SAFING, FUZING, AND FIRING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Technologies for Arming Safing, Fuzing, and Firing IV CY AUG 13-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Space flight; fiber optics; fiber; vibration; fiber connector; fiber termination AB Fiber optic cables are increasingly being used in harsh environments where they are subjected to vibration. Understanding the degradation in performance under these conditions is essential for integration of the fibers into the given application. System constraints often require fiber optic connectors so that subsystems can be removed or assembled as needed. In the present work, various types of fiber optic connectors were monitored in-situ during vibration testing to examine the transient change in optical transmission and the steady-state variation following the event. The fiber endfaces and connectors were inspected at selected intervals throughout the testing. C1 [Thomes, William J., Jr.; LaRocca, Frank V.; Switzer, Robert C.; Chuska, Rick F.; Macmurphy, Shawn L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, MEI Technol, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Thomes, WJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, MEI Technol, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7290-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7070 AR 70700A DI 10.1117/12.796644 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BIZ50 UT WOS:000263959200008 ER PT S AU Thomes, WJ Chuska, RF Ott, MN LaRocca, FV Switzer, RC Macmurphy, SL AF Thomes, Williarn J., Jr. Chuska, Richard F. Ott, Melanie N. LaRocca, Frank V. Switzer, Robert C. Macmurphy, Shawn L. BE Dickey, FM Beyer, RA TI Fiber optic cable thermal preparation to ensure stable operation SO OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR ARMING, SAFING, FUZING, AND FIRING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Technologies for Arming Safing, Fuzing, and Firing IV CY AUG 13-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Space flight; fiber optics; fiber; thermal stability; precondition; NASA; thermal effects AB Fiber optic cables are widely used in modern systems that must provide stable operation during exposure to changing environmental conditions. For example, a fiber optic cable on a satellite may have to reliably function over a temperature range of -50 degrees C up to 125 degrees C. While the system requirements for a particular application will dictate the exact method by which the fibers should be prepared, this work will examine multiple ruggedized fibers prepared in different fashions and subjected to thermal qualification testing. The data show that if properly conditioned the fiber cables can provide stable operation, but if done incorrectly, they will have large fluctuations in transmission. C1 [Thomes, Williarn J., Jr.; Chuska, Richard F.; LaRocca, Frank V.; Switzer, Robert C.; Macmurphy, Shawn L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, MEI Technol, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Thomes, WJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, MEI Technol, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7290-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7070 AR 70700B DI 10.1117/12.796977 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BIZ50 UT WOS:000263959200009 ER PT J AU Talbot, HM Summons, RE Jahnke, LL Cockell, CS Rohmer, M Farrimond, P AF Talbot, Helen M. Summons, Roger E. Jahnke, Linda L. Cockell, Charles S. Rohmer, Michel Farrimond, Paul TI Cyanobacterial bacteriohopanepolyol signatures from cultures and natural environmental settings SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ANAEROBIC METHANE OXIDATION; BACTERIUM ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; PROKARYOTIC TRITERPENOIDS; HOPANE SERIES; METHYLOBACTERIUM-ORGANOPHILUM; METHANOTROPHIC BACTERIA; MOLECULAR FOSSILS; LIPID BIOMARKERS AB Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous, ecologically important and phylogenetically diverse components of the phytoplankton of marine and freshwater environments, as well as some extreme settings such as hot springs, and highly saline and ice covered lakes. They have also been shown to be amongst the most prolific sources of bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs; pentacyclic triterpenoids produced by taxa within the bacterial domain and especially in the proteobacteria) and are considered to be the most environmentally significant source of C-2 methylated hopanoids. The compounds therefore have the potential for wide application in studies of the contemporary marine carbon cycle as well as providing a means of tracking cyanobacteria back through geological history where organic matter is well preserved. Here, we have used liquid chromatography ion-trap mass spectrometry to investigate the intact BHP distributions in cultured cyanobacteria (pure cultures and enrichment cultures) and in a variety of environmental settings. We present data on the detection and characterisation of BHP structures in 26 cultured cyanobacteria (ranging from marine and freshwater species to isolates from hydrothermal systems), 10 of which have not been tested for hopanoid production. Of the 58 strains of cyanobacteria studied to date, 49 have been shown to produce BHPs and 21 of them produce C-2 methylated BHPs. We show that, paradoxically, hopanoid production appears to be absent from the most prolific marine picocyanobacteria, although two important marine nitrogen fixing species, Trichodesmium and Crocosphaera, do produce BHPs. The diversity of BHP distributions in a range of environmental samples, including lake sediments, bacterial mats from lakes and hydrothermal springs, and samples from hot and cold deserts, including endoliths, hypoliths and small stromatolitic structures is also described. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Talbot, Helen M.; Farrimond, Paul] Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Summons, Roger E.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Space Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Jahnke, Linda L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Cockell, Charles S.] Open Univ, CEPSAR, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Rohmer, Michel] Univ Strasbourg 1, CNRS, Inst Chim, F-67070 Strasbourg, France. [Farrimond, Paul] Integrated Geochem Interpretat, Bideford EX39 5HE, Devon, England. RP Talbot, HM (reprint author), Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Drummond Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. EM h.m.talbot@ncl.ac.uk NR 127 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2 BP 232 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.08.006 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 280PI UT WOS:000254438300007 ER PT S AU Jensen, AG Markwick-Kemper, F Snow, TP AF Jensen, Adam G. Markwick-Kemper, F. Snow, Theodore P. BE MacPherson, GJ Mittlefehldt, DW Jones, JH Simon, SB TI Oxygen in the interstellar medium SO OXYGEN IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Oxygen in Earliest Solar System Materials and Processes CY SEP 19-22, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Mineral Soc Amer, Geochem Soc, Lunar & Planetary Inst ID GIANT BRANCH STARS; COMET HALE-BOPP; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LINE-OF-SIGHT; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; CRYSTALLINE SILICATES; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; DUST GRAINS; TRANSLUCENT CLOUDS; INFRARED-EMISSION AB The oxygen that is observed in the Solar System today is a remnant of the interstellar oxygen that was in the dense molecular cloud that collapsed to form the Solar System. While the chemical evolution of the Galaxy has progressed since then, processes in the interstellar medium (ISM) that involve oxygen are relevant to the origins of oxygen in the Solar System. Oxygen in the ISM can be found as neutral or ionized atomic gas and as a constituent of molecular gas, volatile ices, and refractory minerals in dust, with the dominant state depending on the specific environment. The gas-phase abundance of atomic oxygen is well-known in the diffuse ISM that fills most of the Galaxy's volume, but the state of oxygen in denser environments is poorly understood. The ISM abundances of isotopes of oxygen other than 160 cannot be easily determined due to observational constraints. Oxygen in interstellar dust is primarily found in the form of silicates that are created in evolved stars and then ejected into the ISM before being incorporated into the formation of new solar systems. Some of the important unknowns concerning oxygen in the ISM include the "cosmic" (i.e., total) abundance of oxygen, the abundance of oxygen in dust, and the details of dust grain processing in the ISM. C1 [Jensen, Adam G.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Jensen, AG (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Adain.G.Jensen@nasa.gov; F.Markwick-Kemper@manchester.ac.uk; tsnow@casa.colorado.edu RI Kemper, Francisca/D-8688-2011 OI Kemper, Francisca/0000-0003-2743-8240 NR 111 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 978-0-939950-80-5 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2008 VL 68 BP 55 EP 72 DI 10.2138/rmg.2008.68.5 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BHI10 UT WOS:000253388400005 ER PT S AU Sandford, SA Messenger, S DiSanti, M Keller, L Altwegg, K AF Sandford, Scott A. Messenger, Scott DiSanti, Michael Keller, Lindsay Altwegg, Kathrin BE MacPherson, GJ Mittlefehldt, DW Jones, JH Simon, SB TI Oxygen in comets and interplanetary dust particles SO OXYGEN IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review CT Workshop on Oxygen in Earliest Solar System Materials and Processes CY SEP 19-22, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Mineral Soc Amer, Geochem Soc, Lunar & Planetary Inst ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; O1 HALE-BOPP; MOLECULAR-CLOUD MATERIAL; IRON-NICKEL SULFIDES; SIDE-GROUP ADDITION; GAS-GRAIN PROCESSES; COSMIC ICE ANALOGS; EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; ORGANIC-MOLECULES AB Comets are thought to have accreted in the cold, outer portions of the protosolar nebula when our Solar System was forming, and they clearly contain a higher proportion of volatiles than materials formed closer in to the Sun. Storage of most comets in the cold, outer regions of the Solar System since their formation has probably helped minimize any subsequent parent body processing of their contents. As a result, cometary materials may represent samples that best preserve the original components from which our Solar System was made. Comparison of cometary and asteroidal materials (which formed much closer to the Sun) can also provide insights into large-scale heterogeneity and transport of materials in the early solar nebula. Comets are also of considerable interest since they may have delivered volatiles, like H(2)O, to the early cooling Earth, thereby playing a key role in making the Earth habitable. Comets should also have delivered organic materials to the surface of the early Earth and these, depending on their nature, may have played a role in the origin of life. Thus, the study of the composition of comets has the potential to provide important insights into the formation and evolution of our Solar System (and by extension, other planetary systems), and the creation of an inhabited Earth. The study of the chemistry, mineralogy, and isotopic distributions of oxygen in cometary materials can provide unique information that addresses these issues. Our current knowledge of the nature of oxygen in comets is based on several different lines of evidence, including remote telescopic and spacecraft observations of comets, direct laboratory analyses of extraterrestrial samples, and in situ measurements of a small number of individual comets. Information derived from these different approaches suggests that the chemical, mineralogical, and isotopic state of oxygen in these primitive bodies is extremely variable, i.e., Comets appear to be made up of a wide range of very different components that are considerably out of equilibrium with each other. This is consistent with the idea that cometary materials should have largely escaped extensive parent body processing. The study of samples recently returned from Comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust spacecraft has immensely improved our understanding of cometary materials. Of particular interest is the observation that these samples contain intimate mixtures of both volatile and refractory oxygen-hearing materials. This suggests that while comets formed in the outer reaches of the protosolar disk, they were constructed of materials that had originally formed and evolved in a wide variety of locations that spanned essentially the entire radial extent of the protosolar nebula. C1 [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Sandford, SA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ssandford@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 196 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 978-0-939950-80-5 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2008 VL 68 BP 247 EP 272 DI 10.2138/rmg.2008.68.11 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BHI10 UT WOS:000253388400011 ER PT S AU Mittlefehldt, DW Clayton, RN Drake, MJ Righter, K AF Mittlefehldt, David W. Clayton, Robert N. Drake, Michael J. Righter, Kevin BE MacPherson, GJ Mittlefehldt, DW Jones, JH Simon, SB TI Oxygen isotopic composition and chemical correlations in meteorites and the terrestrial planets SO OXYGEN IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Oxygen in Earliest Solar System Materials and Processes CY SEP 19-22, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Mineral Soc Amer, Geochem Soc, Lunar & Planetary Inst ID EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; GRAINED CHONDRULE RIMS; MOBILE TRACE-ELEMENTS; GROUP-IAB IRONS; ORDINARY CHONDRITES; PARENT BODY; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; ACAPULCO METEORITE; ALLENDE METEORITE; GIANT IMPACT AB Recent models attempting to explain non-mass-dependent oxygen isotopic anomalies in meteorites and planets posit that they may have originated within the gas phase of the solar nebula, which suggests the potential for correlations of non-mass-dependent oxygen isotopic anomalies with other chemical fractionations generated during cooling and condensation of the nebula. We have examined three specific issues: possible correlations of Delta O-17 with (i) oxidation state; (ii) bulk chondrite chemistry; and (iii) bulk planetary properties. Isolated grains and chondrules from several carbonaceous chondrite groups exhibit good to weak positive correlations between Delta O-17 and olivine fayalite content, and whole rock ureilite samples show a positive correlation of Delta O-17 with olivine fayalite content. These are consistent with oxidation of Fe metal by O-17-, O-18-enriched oxygen in the precursor materials that formed these objects. In contrast, oxygen isotopic and major element compositions of ferromagnesian phases in ordinary chondrite chondrules, and in bulk chondrites do not show a correlation. Thus, there is no compelling evidence that oxidation of nebular materials was tightly linked to gas species carrying anomalous O. Using average chondrite group compositions, we demonstrate that significant negative correlations of refractory lithophile element/Mg and refractory siderophile element/Ni with Delta O-17 exist. Refractory inclusions (CAIs and AOAs) are modally rare in many chondrite types that exhibit substantial range in Delta O-17. Thus, the refractory component in these chondrites must occur in a crypto-component, e.g. material dissolved in chondrule melts during chondrule formation. Significant positive correlations of moderately volatile elements/Mg with Delta O-17 are not simply explained by incomplete mixing of O-16-enriched refractory grains, but are broadly consistent with nebula-based mechanisms of non-mass-dependent oxygen isotope fractionation. The estimated compositions of the primitive mantles of the Earth, Mars and 4 Vesta have some compositional, redox and isotopic properties that vary with heliocentric distance. However, Delta O-17 does not vary monotonically in this sequence, indicating a decoupling of planetary O isotopic composition from other compositional characteristics. C1 [Mittlefehldt, David W.] KR NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Mittlefehldt, DW (reprint author), KR NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM david.w.mittlefehldt@nasa.gov; david.w.mittlefehldt@nasa.gov NR 128 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 22 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 978-0-939950-80-5 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2008 VL 68 BP 399 EP 428 DI 10.2138/rmg.2008.68.14 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BHI10 UT WOS:000253388400014 ER PT S AU Zolensky, ME Krot, AN Benedix, G AF Zolensky, Michael E. Krot, Alexander N. Benedix, Gretchen BE MacPherson, GJ Mittlefehldt, DW Jones, JH Simon, SB TI Record of low-temperature alteration in asteroids SO OXYGEN IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Oxygen in Earliest Solar System Materials and Processes CY SEP 19-22, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Mineral Soc Amer, Geochem Soc, Lunar & Planetary Inst ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; OXYGEN-ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; ALUMINUM-RICH INCLUSIONS; ALLENDE DARK INCLUSIONS; UNEQUILIBRATED ORDINARY CHONDRITES; CR CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; EARLY AQUEOUS ACTIVITY; TAGISH LAKE METEORITE; PARENT-BODY; CI CHONDRITES AB Most chondritic materials experienced diverse styles of secondary alteration resulting in formation of hydrous and anhydrous oxygen-bearing minerals-silicates, oxides, and carbonates (phyllosilicates, magnetite, calcite, dolomite, breunnerite, ferrous olivine, hedenbergite, wollastonite, grossular, monticellite, forsterite, andradite, nepheline, sodalite) (Brearley 2003, 2005 and references therein). Petrographic, mineralogic, oxygen and short-lived isotope systematics (Al-26-Mg-26, Mn-53-Cr-53, I-129-Xe-129) suggest that alteration occurred in the presence of aqueous solutions under variable physico-chemical conditions (temperature, water:rock ratio, pH f(O2), and fluid compositions) in an asteroidal setting; it started within 1-2 m.y. after formation of the CV CAIs, was multistage, and lasted up to 15 m.y. (Krot et al. 2006 and references therein). Here we review bulk O-isotopic compositions of chondritic materials, O-isotopic compositions of secondary minerals produced during asteroidal alteration, and possible effects of fluid-assisted thermal metamorphism on O-isotopic exchange in primary, high-temperature minerals (melilite and anorthite) in the CV and CO CAIs. The implications of these data for understanding temperatures of alteration, water:rock ratios, and oxygen isotopic composition of water, that probably accreted into chondrite parent bodies in the form of ice, are discussed. The inferred or measured O-isotopic composition of the meteoritic water is close to the terrestrial fractionation line (Delta O-17 = +/-2 parts per thousand); it is very different from the inferred O-isotopic compositions of the Sun [Delta O-17 similar to -25 parts per thousand] (Clayton 2002; Yurimoto and Kuranioto 2004; Hashizurne and Chaussidon 2005; Lyons and Young 2005), suggesting significant evolution of O-isotopic composition of the gaseous reservoir in the inner protoplanetary disk over its short (similar to 3-5 m.y.) life time. C1 [Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Zolensky, ME (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM michael.e.zolensky@nasa.gov OI Benedix, Gretchen/0000-0003-0990-8878 NR 166 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 14 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 978-0-939950-80-5 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2008 VL 68 BP 429 EP 462 DI 10.2138/rmg.2008.68.15 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BHI10 UT WOS:000253388400015 ER PT S AU Mittlefehldt, DW AF Mittlefehldt, David W. BE MacPherson, GJ Mittlefehldt, DW Jones, JH Simon, SB TI Appendix: Meteorites - A brief tutorial SO OXYGEN IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Oxygen in Earliest Solar System Materials and Processes CY SEP 19-22, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Mineral Soc Amer, Geochem Soc, Lunar & Planetary Inst ID R-CHONDRITE GROUP; IIICD IRON-METEORITES; COMPOSITIONAL CLASSIFICATION; CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; ENSTATITE CHONDRITES; PALLASITE METEORITES; IIIAB IRONS; PARENT BODY AB There are four broad categories of meteorites-chondrites, achondrites, irons and stony irons. These are subdivided into meteorite groups, the basic unit of meteorite classification. Although no formal guideline is in place for the minimum number of meteorites needed to define a group, common practice is that there should be five or more members in a group. A defined meteorite group is thought to be derived from a single asteroid. However, some groups are genetically related and are derived from a common parent asteroid. Chondrites are primitive stony meteorites; rocks whose compositions are little changed since their formation in the solar nebula. There are fourteen defined groups of chondrites, and they make up the vast majority of meteorites falling to Earth in the current epoch. Achondrites are stony meteorites of two broad types. Some are primitive materials like chondrites, but most are the products of igneous differentiation. There are ten defined groups of achondrites, of which seven are differentiated types. Irons are also the products of asteroidal differentiation, having crystallized from metallic melts separated from chondritic precursors. There are thirteen defined groups of iron meteorites. Stony-irons are also differentiated materials, and both the rocky and metallic phases were formed by igneous processes on asteroids. There are two defined groups of stony-iron meteorites. In addition to those that fit into groups, there are many meteorites that are unique, or for which there are less than five examples. These ungrouped meteorites make up a substantial fraction of meteorites recovered to date. C1 KR NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Mittlefehldt, DW (reprint author), KR NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM david.w.mittlefehldt@nasa.gov; david.w.mittlefehldt@nasa.gov NR 87 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 978-0-939950-80-5 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2008 VL 68 BP 571 EP 590 DI 10.2138/rmg.2008.68.app PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BHI10 UT WOS:000253388400021 ER PT B AU Brodwin, M Eisenhardt, PR Gonzalez, AH Stanford, SA Stern, D Moustakas, LA Brown, MJI Chary, RR Galametz, A AF Brodwin, Mark Eisenhardt, Peter R. Gonzalez, Anthony H. Stanford, S. Adam Stern, Daniel Moustakas, Leonidas A. Brown, Michael J. I. Chary, Ranga-Ram Galametz, Audrey BE Kodama, T Yamada, T Aoki, K TI A Large Population of High Redshift Galaxy Clusters in the IRAC Shallow Cluster Survey SO PANORAMIC VIEWS OF GALAXY FORMATION AND EVOLUTION, PROCEEDINGS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Panoramic Views of Galaxy Formation and Evolution CY DEC 11-16, 2007 CL Hayama, JAPAN SP Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subari Telescope, Fdn Promot Astron Japan, Univ Tokyo ID STELLAR MASS DENSITY; STAR-FORMATION; EVOLUTION; RESOLUTION; UNIVERSE; HISTORY; OBJECTS AB We have identified 335 galaxy cluster and group candidates spanning 0 < z < 2, using a 4.5 mu m selected sample of galaxies in a 7.25 deg(2) region in the Spitzer/IRAC Shallow Survey. Using full redshift probability distributions for all galaxies, clusters were identified as 3-dimensional overdensities using a wavelet algorithm. To date 12 clusters at z > 1, and over 60 at z < 0.5 have been spectroscopically confirmed. The mean I-[3.6] color for cluster galaxies up to z similar to 1 is well matched by a z(f) = 3 passively evolving model. At z > 1, a wider range of formation histories is needed, but higher formation redshifts (i.e. z(f) >= 4 - 5) are favored for most clusters. The cluster autocorrelation function, measured for the first time out to z = 1.5, is found not to have evolved over the last 10 Gyr, in agreement with the prediction from ACDM. The average mass of the IRAC Shallow Cluster Survey sample, inferred from its clustering, is similar to 10(14)M(circle dot). C1 [Brodwin, Mark] Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Stern, Daniel; Moustakas, Leonidas A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gonzalez, Anthony H.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Stanford, S. Adam] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brown, Michael J. I.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Chary, Ranga-Ram] CALTECH, SSC Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Galametz, Audrey] Observe Astronm Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. RP Brodwin, M (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. FU NOAO; AURA, Inc; NSF FX Wed like to thank the organizers for organizing an excellent conference and for awesome sushi at the banquet. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. This paper made use of data from the NDWFS, which was supported by NOAO, AURA, Inc., and the NSF. We thank A. Dey, B. Jannuzi and the entire NDWFS survey team. NOAO is operated by AURA, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-668-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 399 BP 322 EP 326 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIU97 UT WOS:000262978800082 ER PT S AU Podesta, JJ Bhattacharjee, A Chandran, BDG Goldstein, ML Roberts, DA AF Podesta, J. J. Bhattacharjee, A. Chandran, B. D. G. Goldstein, M. L. Roberts, D. A. BE Li, G Lin, RP Luhmann, J Hu, Q Verkhoglyadova, O Zank, GP TI Scale dependent alignment between velocity and magnetic field fluctuations in the solar wind and comparisons to Boldyrev's phenomenological theory SO PARTICLE ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 07-13, 2008 CL Kauai, HI SP Univ Calif, Syst Wide Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab DE solar wind; plasma turbulence; magnetohydrodynamics ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; MHD TURBULENCE; ANISOTROPY; SPECTRUM AB A theory of incompressible MHD turbulence recently developed by Boldyrev predicts the existence of a scale dependent angle of alignment between velocity and magnetic field fluctuations that is proportional to the lengthscale of the fluctuations to the power 1/4. In this study, plasma and magnetic field data from the Wind spacecraft are used to investigate the angle between velocity and magnetic field fluctuations in the solar wind as a function of the timescale of the fluctuations and to look for the power law scaling predicted by Boldyrev. Because errors in the velocity vector can create large errors in the angle measurements, particularly at small scales, the angle measurements are suspected to be unreliable except at the largest inertial range scales. For the data at large scales the observed power law exponents range from 0.25 to 0.34, which are somewhat larger than Boldyrev's prediction of 0.25. The results suggest that the angle may scale like a power law in the solar wind, at least at the largest inertial range scales, but the observed power law exponents appear to differ from Boldyrev's theory. C1 [Podesta, J. J.; Bhattacharjee, A.; Chandran, B. D. G.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Goldstein, M. L.; Roberts, D. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Podesta, JJ (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Goldstein, Melvyn/B-1724-2008 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0566-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1039 BP 81 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG96 UT WOS:000259432300011 ER PT S AU Cohen, CMS Mason, GM Mewaldt, RA Cummings, AC Labrador, AW Leske, RA Stone, EC Wiedenbeck, ME von Rosenvinge, TT AF Cohen, C. M. S. Mason, G. M. Mewaldt, R. A. Cummings, A. C. Labrador, A. W. Leske, R. A. Stone, E. C. Wiedenbeck, M. E. von Rosenvinge, T. T. BE Li, G Lin, RP Luhmann, J Hu, Q Verkhoglyadova, O Zank, GP TI Examination of the last large solar energetic particle events of solar cycle 23 SO PARTICLE ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 07-13, 2008 CL Kauai, HI SP Univ Calif, Syst Wide Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab DE solar energetic particles; composition; particle acceleration ID ISOTOPE SPECTROMETER; ACCELERATION; ACE AB The last two large solar energetic particle (SEP) events of solar cycle 23 were observed in December 2006 by several spacecraft including ACE and STEREO. Active region number 10930 rotated over the eastern limb of the Sun already generating intense x-ray flares. As it crossed the disk, it produced 4 X-class flares and at least 3 halo coronal mass ejections. The two dominant SEP events occurred when the region was at similar to E70 and similar to W25. We have combined particle observations from the Solar Isotope Spectrometer (SIS) and the Ultra-Low Energy Isotope Spectrometer (ULEIS) on ACE and the Low Energy Telescope (LET) on STEREO for each event. Energy spectra for many heavy ion species integrated over the duration of each SEP event show distinct differences between the two events. We find the second event (on December 13) has a much harder spectrum above 10 MeV/nucleon and a 12-60 MeV/nucleon composition substantially enriched in elements with Z>14 as compared to the first event (on December 6). While the December 6 event is similar in Fe/O to other events with comparable fluence in solar cycle 23, the December 13 event has the highest Fe/O ratio of all events with Si fluence > 100 (cm(2) sr MeV/n)(-1). In composition, this second event is most similar to the event of November 6, 1997. C1 [Cohen, C. M. S.; Mewaldt, R. A.; Cummings, A. C.; Labrador, A. W.; Leske, R. A.; Stone, E. C.] CALTECH, Mail Code 220-47, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mason, G. M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wiedenbeck, M. E.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [von Rosenvinge, T. T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cohen, CMS (reprint author), CALTECH, Mail Code 220-47, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. FU NASA [NAG5-12929, NNX06AC21G]; NSF [ATM-0454428] FX This work was supported by NASA under grants NAG5-12929 and NNX06AC21G, and by NSF under grant ATM-0454428. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0566-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1039 BP 118 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG96 UT WOS:000259432300016 ER PT S AU Leske, RA Mewaldt, RA Mason, GM Cohen, CMS Cummings, AC Davis, AJ Labrador, AW Miyasaka, H Stone, EC Wiedenbeck, ME von Rosenvinge, TT AF Leske, R. A. Mewaldt, R. A. Mason, G. M. Cohen, C. M. S. Cummings, A. C. Davis, A. J. Labrador, A. W. Miyasaka, H. Stone, E. C. Wiedenbeck, M. E. von Rosenvinge, T. T. BE Li, G Lin, RP Luhmann, J Hu, Q Verkhoglyadova, O Zank, GP TI STEREO and ACE observations of CIR particles SO PARTICLE ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 07-13, 2008 CL Kauai, HI SP Univ Calif, Syst Wide Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab DE interplanetary physics; corotating streams; energetic particles; STEREO; ACE ID SOLAR-WIND; AU AB In the present solar minimum, corotating interaction regions (CIRs) produce frequent particle enhancements at 1 AU as observed at STEREO and ACE. As the two STEREO spacecraft move apart, differences in CIR time profiles observed at each spacecraft are becoming large. The timing differences are often roughly similar to the corotation time lag between the two spacecraft, however many of the features seen at Ahead and Behind require more than just a time shift. Perhaps transient disturbances in the solar wind affect connection to or transport from the shock, or temporal changes occur in the CIR shock itself. Additional timing differences of >1 day result from the different heliographic latitudes of the two STEREO spacecraft. C1 [Leske, R. A.; Mewaldt, R. A.; Cohen, C. M. S.; Cummings, A. C.; Davis, A. J.; Labrador, A. W.; Miyasaka, H.; Stone, E. C.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mason, G. M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wiedenbeck, M. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [von Rosenvinge, T. T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Leske, RA (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. FU NASA [NAS5-03131, NAG5-12929]; STEREO/PLASTIC [NAS5-00132] FX This work was supported by NASA grants NAS5-03131 and NAG5-12929. We thank STEREO/PLASTIC (NASA contract NAS5-00132) and MAG investigators for making their data publicly available, and the Wilcox Solar Observatory for the HCS data NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0566-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1039 BP 131 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG96 UT WOS:000259432300018 ER PT S AU Smith, EJ Zhou, XY AF Smith, Edward J. Zhou, Xiaoyan BE Li, G Lin, RP Luhmann, J Hu, Q Verkhoglyadova, O Zank, GP TI Particle acceleration at corotating shocks: Ulysses magnetic field and particle observations SO PARTICLE ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 07-13, 2008 CL Kauai, HI SP Univ Calif, Syst Wide Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab DE particle acceleration; corotating shock ID INTERPLANETARY TRAVELING SHOCKS; HYDROMAGNETIC WAVE EXCITATION; ION-ACCELERATION AB Particle acceleration at co-rotating forward shocks is investigated using Ulysses magnetic field and energetic ion measurements obtained near 5 AU in 2003-2004. The specific objective is the relation between the energetic accelerated particles and upstream magnetic field fluctuations predicted by shock drift acceleration theory that requires the particles to repeatedly scatter from fluctuations upstream and downstream of the shock. Six sample shocks and accelerated particles are analyzed using the intensifies of approximate to 100 keV ions and magnetic field fluctuations upstream and the shock properties. The principal result is a correlation between the ion intensities and the mean square field variations as predicted. However, the field variations exhibit f(-5/3) frequency spectra characteristic of the solar wind. Upstream waves generated by the particles predicted to be present nearer the shock are not unambiguously identified but are not ruled out by this preliminary analysis. C1 [Smith, Edward J.; Zhou, Xiaoyan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Smith, EJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0566-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1039 BP 137 EP 142 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG96 UT WOS:000259432300019 ER PT S AU Wiedenbeck, ME Leske, RA Cohen, CMS Cummings, AC Mewaldt, RA Stone, EC von Rosenvinge, TT AF Wiedenbeck, M. E. Leske, R. A. Cohen, C. M. S. Cummings, A. C. Mewaldt, R. A. Stone, E. C. von Rosenvinge, T. T. BE Li, G Lin, RP Luhmann, J Hu, Q Verkhoglyadova, O Zank, GP TI Elemental and isotopic fractionation in He-3-rich solar energetic particle events SO PARTICLE ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 07-13, 2008 CL Kauai, HI SP Univ Calif, Syst Wide Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab DE solar energetic particles; solar flares; composition; isotopes ID MAGNETIC NEUTRAL SHEETS; PRE-ACCELERATION; ABUNDANCES; HEAVY; IONS; FLARES; WIND AB Using data from the Solar Isotope Spectrometer (SIS) on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) mission, heavy ion composition measurements have been made in 26 He-3-rich solar energetic particle (SEP) events that occurred between 1998 and 2004. Relative abundances of 13 elements from C through Ni have been investigated, as have the isotopic compositions of the elements Ne and Mg. We find a general tendency for the abundances to follow trends similar to those found in gradual SEP events, in which fractionation can be represented in the form of a power-law in Q/M. However several deviations from this pattern are noted that may provide useful diagnostics of the acceleration process occurring in solar flares. C1 [Leske, R. A.; Cohen, C. M. S.; Cummings, A. C.; Mewaldt, R. A.; Stone, E. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [von Rosenvinge, T. T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wiedenbeck, M. E.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Cohen, CMS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU NASA at the California Institute of Technology [NAGS-12929]; flie Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Goddard Space Flight Center FX This research was supported by NASA at the California Institute of Technology (grant NAGS-12929), flie Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the Goddard Space Flight Center NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0566-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1039 BP 149 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG96 UT WOS:000259432300021 ER PT S AU Gopalswamy, N AF Gopalswamy, Nat BE Li, G Lin, RP Luhmann, J Hu, Q Verkhoglyadova, O Zank, GP TI Type II radio emission and solar energetic particle events SO PARTICLE ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 07-13, 2008 CL Kauai, HI SP Univ Calif, Syst Wide Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab DE coronal mass ejections; flares; type II radio bursts; type III radio bursts; shocks; solar energetic particles ID NEAR-SUN; BURSTS AB Type II radio bursts, solar energetic particle (SEP) events, and interplanetary (IP) shocks all have a common cause, viz., fast and wide (speed >= 900 km/s and width >= 60 degrees)) coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Deviations from this general picture are observed as (i) lack of type II bursts during many fast and wide CMEs and IP shocks, (ii) slow CMEs associated with type II bursts and SEP events, and (iii) lack of SEP events during many type II bursts. I examine the reasons for these deviations. I also show that ground level enhancement (GLE) events are consistent with shock acceleration because a type II burst is present in every event well before the release of GLE particles and SEPs at the Sun. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 695, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; OI Gopalswamy, Nat/0000-0001-5894-9954 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0566-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1039 BP 196 EP 202 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG96 UT WOS:000259432300028 ER PT S AU Parks, G Lee, E Lin, N Teste, A Wilber, M Dandouras, I Reme, H Goldstein, M AF Parks, G. Lee, E. Lin, N. Teste, A. Wilber, M. Dandouras, I. Reme, H. Goldstein, M. BE Li, G Lin, RP Luhmann, J Hu, Q Verkhoglyadova, O Zank, GP TI Current density and wave polarization observed in density holes upstream of earths bow shock SO PARTICLE ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 07-13, 2008 CL Kauai, HI SP Univ Calif, Syst Wide Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab DE density holes; foreshock cavities; hot flow anomalies ID SOLAR-WIND; SATELLITES; CAVITIES AB Previous articles [1,2] have shown density holes are regions of density depletions below the solar wind level with scale length of an ion gyroradius. Density holes have steepened edges seen in both particles and fields. Here we present first observations of currents and wave polarizations associated with density holes. We show an example of current density determined from four point Cluster observations that has a value similar to 150 nA m(-2). The waves are elliptically polarized and rotating in the sense of ions (left hand) in the plasma frame. The significance of these observations are still being studied. The waves appear to grow and steepen as the density holes are convected with the solar wind toward the Earth. The transient nature of density holes suggests that the temporal features could represent the different stages of nonlinear evolutionary processes that produce a shock-like structure. C1 [Parks, G.; Lee, E.; Lin, N.; Teste, A.; Wilber, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dandouras, I.; Reme, H.] CESR, Toulouse, France. [Goldstein, M.] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Parks, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Dandouras, Iannis/0000-0002-7121-1118 FU NASA [NNG04GF23G] FX The research at the University of California, Berkeley is performed under the auspices of a NASA grant No. NNG04GF23G. Cluster is a joint project of the European Space Agency and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0566-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1039 BP 264 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG96 UT WOS:000259432300038 ER PT S AU Burlaga, LF Ness, NF Acuna, MH AF Burlaga, L. F. Ness, N. F. Acuna, M. H. BE Li, G Lin, RP Luhmann, J Hu, Q Verkhoglyadova, O Zank, GP TI Magnetic fields in the termination shock, heliosheath and solar wind SO PARTICLE ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 07-13, 2008 CL Kauai, HI SP Univ Calif, Syst Wide Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab DE interplanetary magnetic fields; shock waves; solar wind plasma; cosmic rays ID VOYAGER-1 AB At least 5 crossings of the termination shock (TS) were observed in the magnetic field observations by Voyager 2 (V2), consistent with ripples propagating on the TS. Two merged interactions associated with an end to the recovery of cosmic ray intensity were observed in the solar wind during 2007. An increase in the magnetic field strength B was also observed similar to 25 days prior to the TS crossings in association with a decrease in the solar wind speed and an increase in the intensity of >0.5 MeV particles. The internal TS structure changed on 3 successive crossings, consistent with a local shock reformation process on a scale of a few hours. One TS crossing was a supercritical perpendicular shock, B-2/B-1 = 1.7 +/- 0.1, a ramp of thickness similar to 1 c/omega(pi), and oscillations in the ramp. A Gaussian distribution of 48 sec averages of B was observed during a 19 day interval behind the TS. This might be a consequence of the Central Limit Theorem, related to the extreme nonlinearity and variability of the B(t) on a scale of several hours. C1 [Burlaga, L. F.; Acuna, M. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ness, N. F.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Burlaga, LF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. FU NASA [NNX07AW09G] FX T. McClanahan and S. Kramer provided outstanding support in the processing of the data. Daniel Berdischevsky computed the zero level corrections for the instrument for the data in this paper and helped to solve the problems created by the erroneous decoding of a spacecraft systems command sent to V2 in 2006 that resulted in an unfavorable reorientation of the outboard sensor triad and damage to the instrument. N. F. Ness was partially supported by NASA Grant NNX07AW09G to CUA. We thank E. Stone and Co-Investigators of the CRS experiment for their data presented in Figure 1, and we thank J. D. Richardson for the speed observations from the PLS experiment plotted in Figures 1 and 2. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0566-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1039 BP 329 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG96 UT WOS:000259432300047 ER PT S AU Gurnett, DA Kurth, WS Burlaga, LF Acuna, MH Ness, NF Richardson, JD Omidi, N AF Gurnett, D. A. Kurth, W. S. Burlaga, L. F. Acuna, M. H. Ness, N. F. Richardson, J. D. Omidi, N. BE Li, G Lin, RP Luhmann, J Hu, Q Verkhoglyadova, O Zank, GP TI Electrostatic waves observed at and near the solar wind termination shock by Voyager 2 SO PARTICLE ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 07-13, 2008 CL Kauai, HI SP Univ Calif, Syst Wide Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab DE electrostatic waves; termination shock; Voyager 2 ID PLASMA; OSCILLATIONS; SIMULATIONS; MISSION; NEPTUNE AB Upstream electron plasma oscillations and broadband bursts of electrostatic waves have been observed in the vicinity of the solar wind termination shock by the Voyager 2 plasma wave instrument. The upstream electron plasma oscillations were first detected on August 1, 2007, at a radial distance of 83.4 astronomical units (AU). These oscillations continued sporadically for about a month until, starting on August 31, three well-defined bursts of broadband electrostatic waves, similar to those observed at planetary bow shocks, were observed at a heliocentric radial distance of about 83.7 AU. Two of these broadband bursts corresponded to shock crossings identified in the magnetometer and plasma data, and one did not. During the crossings labeled TS-3 and TS-4 by the magnetometer and plasma teams, the broadband electrostatic bursts corresponded almost exactly with steep ramps in the magnetic field strength. By scaling the frequencies by the upstream electron plasma frequency and the spectral densities by the upstream plasma energy density, we have shown that the normalized spectrum is very similar to those observed at the bow shocks of outer planets. Plasma simulations based on the observed upstream parameters suggest that the broadband waves are driven by a beam-plasma instability caused by the reflection of solar wind ions in the magnetic field ramp. C1 [Gurnett, D. A.; Kurth, W. S.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Burlaga, L. F.; Acuna, M. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ness, N. F.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Richardson, J. D.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Omidi, N.] Solana Sci Inc, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. RP Gurnett, DA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. OI Kurth, William/0000-0002-5471-6202 FU NASA [1279980, NNX07AW09G]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); Jet Propulsion Laboratory [959203] FX The research at the University of Iowa was supported by NASA via contract 1279980 from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The research at Catholic University was supported by NASA Grant NNX07AW09G, and the research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was supported by NASA via contract 959203 from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0566-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1039 BP 335 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG96 UT WOS:000259432300048 ER PT S AU Cummings, AC Stone, EC McDonald, FB Heikkila, BC Lal, N Webber, WR AF Cummings, A. C. Stone, E. C. McDonald, F. B. Heikkila, B. C. Lal, N. Webber, W. R. BE Li, G Lin, RP Luhmann, J Hu, Q Verkhoglyadova, O Zank, GP TI Anomalous cosmic rays in the heliosheath SO PARTICLE ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 07-13, 2008 CL Kauai, HI SP Univ Calif, Syst Wide Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab DE anomalous cosmic rays; solar wind termination shocks; Voyager; shock acceleration ID BLUNT TERMINATION SHOCK; SOLAR-WIND TERMINATION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; VOYAGER-1 AB We report on Voyager 1 and 2 observations of anomalous cosmic rays in the outer heliosphere. The energy spectrum of anomalous cosmic ray helium as each spacecraft crossed the solar wind termination shock into the heliosheath remained modulated. Assuming the intensity gradient between the two spacecraft is purely radial, we find that radial gradients in the heliosheath of He with 11.6-22.3 MeV/nuc and with similar to 61-73 MeV/nuc are 4.9 +/- 1.2 %/AU and 0.0 +/- 0.5 %/AU, respectively. Strong temporal variations of the 11.6-22.3 MeV/nuc He intensity at both spacecraft were observed in 2005 just after Voyager I crossed the termination shock and while Voyager 2 was upstream. After 2006.0, the intensity variations are more moderate and likely due to a combination of spatial and temporal variations. As of early 2008, the anomalous cosmic ray He energy spectrum has unfolded to what may be a source spectrum. The spectrum at Voyager 2 remains modulated. We examine three recent models of the origin of anomalous cosmic rays in light of these observations. C1 [Cummings, A. C.; Stone, E. C.] CALTECH, Mail Code 220-47, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [McDonald, F. B.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Heikkila, B. C.; Lal, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Webber, W. R.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Cummings, AC (reprint author), CALTECH, Mail Code 220-47, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. FU NASA [NAS7-03001] FX This work was supported by NASA under contract NAS7-03001. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0566-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1039 BP 343 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG96 UT WOS:000259432300049 ER PT J AU Biris, AR Lupu, D Dervishi, E Li, Z Saini, V Saini, D Trigwell, S Mazumder, MK Sharma, R Biris, AS AF Biris, A. R. Lupu, D. Dervishi, E. Li, Z. Saini, V. Saini, D. Trigwell, S. Mazumder, M. K. Sharma, R. Biris, A. S. TI Hydrogen storage in carbon-based nanostructured materials SO PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon nanostructural materials; CCVD; hydrogen ID WORK FUNCTION; NANOTUBES; NANOFIBERS; ADSORPTION; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH AB Carbon nanostructures represent a revolution in science and hold the potential for a large range of applications because of their interesting electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. Multiwall carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers of herringbone formation were grown by chemical vapor deposition on different catalysts from a number of hydrocarbon sources. After the total or particle removal of the catalyst system, the carbon nanostructures were analyzed for hydrogen uptake. Six samples of nanofibers grown on a Pd-based catalyst system (with a surface area of 425-455 m(2)/g) were controlled oxidized in air, such that they had different ratios of Pd/C varying from 0.05 to 0.9 mole ratio. The hydrogen uptake experiments were performed volumetrically in a Sievert-type installation and showed that the quantity of desorbed hydrogen (for pressure intervals ranging from 1 to 100bars) by the carbon nanostructures free of any metal catalyst particles was between 0.04 and 0.33% by weight. For the samples of nanofibers that contained Pd in various Pd/C ratios, palladium revealed catalytic properties and supplied atomic hydrogen at the Pd/C interface by dissociating the H-2 molecules. The results show a direct correlation between the Pd/C ratio and the quantity of hydrogen absorbed by these samples. A saturation value of about 1.5wt.% was reached for a high ratio of about 1:1 of Pd/C. The multiwall carbon nanotubes grown on a Fe:Co:CaCO3 catalytic system and purified by acid cleaning and air oxidation showed a hydrogen uptake value of 0.1 to 0.2wt.%. C1 [Dervishi, E.; Li, Z.; Saini, V.; Mazumder, M. K.; Sharma, R.; Biris, A. S.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Appl Sci, Nanotechnol Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Biris, A. R.; Lupu, D.] Natl Inst Isotop & Mol Res & Dev Technol, Cluj Napoca, Romania. [Saini, V.] St Louis Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Hlth Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Trigwell, S.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Electrostat & Phys Surface Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. RP Biris, AS (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Appl Sci, Nanotechnol Ctr, 2801 S Univ Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM asbiris@ualr.edu RI Biris, Alexandru/A-8507-2010; Lupu, Dan/C-3346-2009; Dervishi, Enkeleda/B-2239-2010; Biris, Alexandru /C-4517-2011 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-6351 J9 PARTICUL SCI TECHNOL JI Part. Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1080/02726350802084051 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 331FL UT WOS:000257998000001 ER PT J AU Saini, D Trigwell, S Srirama, PK Sims, RA Sharma, R Biris, AS Mazumder, MK AF Saini, D. Trigwell, S. Srirama, P. K. Sims, R. A. Sharma, R. Biris, A. S. Mazumder, M. K. TI Portable free-fall electrostatic separator for beneficiation of charged particulate materials SO PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE charge separation; electrostatic charging; particulate materials AB A portable free-fall electrostatic separator capable of analyzing gram quantities of charged powders is presented. Unlike a Faraday pail, in which only the net average charge-to-mass (Q/M) ratio of the particles sampled by the instrument is measured, an electrostatic separator is capable of separately measuring the charge-to-mass ratios of positively and negatively charged sampled powders. Thus, with an electrostatic separator it is possible to measure the mass fractions of powders that are charged with different polarities and the respective charge-to-mass ratios, along with the mass fraction of particles that are uncharged or charged below a threshold level. We describe a method of measuring the total charge of the collected particles in real time by incorporating an electrometer to integrate the current flowing through the collecting electrode to the high voltage power supply. In this manner, both the total charge and total mass of powder deposited on the two electrodes are measured in near real time, providing information on charge-to-mass ratio of the aerosol cloud sampled. Such real time measurements are often needed to analyze the electrostatic charging properties of small quantities of dispersed powder, particularly in such applications where the charge characteristics are of high importance. C1 [Saini, D.] St Louis Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Hlth Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. [Trigwell, S.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Electrostat & Surface Phys Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Srirama, P. K.; Sims, R. A.; Sharma, R.; Biris, A. S.; Mazumder, M. K.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Appl Sci, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. RP Saini, D (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Hlth Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. EM sainid@slu.edu; asbiris@ualr.edu RI Biris, Alexandru/A-8507-2010 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-6351 J9 PARTICUL SCI TECHNOL JI Part. Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 349 EP 360 DI 10.1080/02726350802084200 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 331FL UT WOS:000257998000005 ER PT J AU Saini, V Biris, AS Dervishi, E Li, ZR Biris, AR Lupu, D Little, RB Trigwell, S Rahman, Z Saini, D AF Saini, Viney Biris, Alexandru S. Dervishi, Enkeleda Li, Zhongrui Biris, Alexandru R. Lupu, Dan Little, Reginald B. Trigwell, Steve Rahman, Zia Saini, Divey TI Carbon Nanotubes Grown by RF Heating and Their Morphological and Structural Properties SO PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; chemical vapor deposition; gas analysis; magnetic catalysts; radio frequency; solid-gas interface ID HYDROGEN GENERATION; CATALYST; DECOMPOSITION; COMPOSITES; POLYMER; SENSOR AB Multiwall and single-wall carbon nanotubes were synthesized on Fe-Co/CaCO3 and a Fe-Co/MgO catalyst system, respectively, by using two different catalytic chemical vapor deposition methods, external furnace (EF) heating and radio frequency (RF) excitation. The carbon nanotubes synthesized with radio frequency excitation have a smaller outer diameter, fewer layers (smaller outer/inner diameter ratio), and better crystalline properties than the nanotubes grown with external furnace heating. The radio frequency process was found to be responsible for a faster growth rate of the carbon nanotubes over longer periods of time due to a higher localized heating. These findings can be explained by the skin currents induced in the metallic catalytic clusters, which keep the catalysts active for longer periods of time and diminish the amount of noncrystalline carbon formed in the synthesis process. C1 [Saini, Viney; Biris, Alexandru S.; Dervishi, Enkeleda; Li, Zhongrui] Univ Arkansas, Dept Appl Sci, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Saini, Viney; Biris, Alexandru S.; Dervishi, Enkeleda; Li, Zhongrui] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Nanotechnol Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Biris, Alexandru R.; Lupu, Dan] Natl Inst Res & Dev Isotop & Mol Technol, Cluj Napoca, Romania. [Little, Reginald B.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Trigwell, Steve] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Electrostat & Surface Phys Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Rahman, Zia] Univ Cent Florida, Adv Mat Proc & Anal Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Saini, Divey] St Louis Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Saini, V (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Appl Sci, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM vxsaini@ualr.edu; asbiris@ualr.edu RI Biris, Alexandru/A-8507-2010; Lupu, Dan/C-3346-2009; Dervishi, Enkeleda/B-2239-2010; Biris, Alexandru /C-4517-2011 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-6351 EI 1548-0046 J9 PARTICUL SCI TECHNOL JI Part. Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 6 BP 521 EP 528 AR PII 905852430 DI 10.1080/02726350802498681 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 376HG UT WOS:000261174100001 ER PT J AU Mostow, J Aist, G Huang, C Junker, B Kennedy, R Lan, H Latimer, D O'Connor, R Tassone, R Wierman, A AF Mostow, Jack Aist, Gregory Huang, Cathy Junker, Brian Kennedy, Rebecca Lan, Hua Latimer, DeWitt O'Connor, Rollanda Tassone, Regina Wierman, Adam BE Holland, VM Fisher, FP TI 4-Month Evaluation of a Learner-Controlled Reading Tutor That Listens SO PATH OF SPEECH TECHNOLOGIES IN COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING: FROM RESEARCH TOWARD PRACTICE SE Routledge Studies in Computer Assisted Learning Language LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mostow, Jack] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Mostow, Jack] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mostow, Jack] Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Mostow, Jack] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Aist, Gregory] Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp & Informat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Aist, Gregory] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Aist, Gregory] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Aist, Gregory] MIT, Media Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Mostow, J (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-93776-1 J9 ROUT STUD COMP ASSIS PY 2008 VL 4 BP 201 EP 219 PG 19 WC Education & Educational Research; Language & Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA BNT04 UT WOS:000275447600014 ER PT J AU Aist, G Mostow, J AF Aist, Gregory Mostow, Jack BE Holland, VM Fisher, FP TI Balancing Learner and Tutor Control by Taking Turns Faster and Better Mixed-Initiative Task Choice in a Reading Tutor That Listens SO PATH OF SPEECH TECHNOLOGIES IN COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING: FROM RESEARCH TOWARD PRACTICE SE Routledge Studies in Computer Assisted Learning Language LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Aist, Gregory] Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp & Informat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Aist, Gregory] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Aist, Gregory] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Aist, Gregory] MIT, Media Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mostow, Jack] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Mostow, Jack] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mostow, Jack] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Aist, G (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp & Informat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-93776-1 J9 ROUT STUD COMP ASSIS PY 2008 VL 4 BP 220 EP 240 PG 21 WC Education & Educational Research; Language & Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA BNT04 UT WOS:000275447600015 ER PT B AU Mazzuca, LM Swaters, RA Veilleux, S Knapen, JH AF Mazzuca, L. M. Swaters, R. A. Veilleux, S. Knapen, J. H. BE Knapen, JH Mahoney, TJ Vazdekis, A TI A consistent picture of gas kinematics within nuclear rings SO PATHWAYS THROUGH AN ECLECTIC UNIVERSE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Pathways Through an Eclectic Universe CY APR 23-27, 2007 CL Santiago del Teide, SPAIN ID SPIRAL GALAXY NGC-3351; DISK AB We present two-dimensional H alpha velocity fields for ten well-defined nuclear rings observed with the DensePak fiber-optic array on the KPNO WIYN telescope. In this paper, we present detailed results for two of those rings, in NGC 1530 and NGC 4314. We conclude that in general regions of enhanced H alpha, thus massive star formation, in the nuclear rings correspond to regions with (1) high luminosities, of order 10(40)-10(42) erg s(-1), (2) low residual velocities, after subtracting disk rotation, of order 10 km s(-1), and (3) low velocity dispersions in the range 20-50 km s(-1). In the rings, star formation takes place in regions where the shear is small and the gas is cool enough to allow molecular condensation. The lack of strong non-circular motions, coupled with a direct relationship between the position angles and ellipticities of the rings and those of their host galaxies, indicates that the rings are in the same plane as the disk and are circular. C1 [Mazzuca, L. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 441, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Swaters, R. A.; Veilleux, S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Astron, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Knapen, J. H.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. RP Mazzuca, LM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 441, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM lisa.m.mazzuca@nasa.gov; jhk@iac.es NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-650-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 390 BP 139 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIA28 UT WOS:000257885300023 ER PT B AU Trujillo, I Conselice, CJ AF Trujillo, Ignacio Conselice, Christopher J. BE Knapen, JH Mahoney, TJ Vazdekis, A TI Strong size evolution of the most massive galaxies since z similar to 2 SO PATHWAYS THROUGH AN ECLECTIC UNIVERSE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Pathways Through an Eclectic Universe CY APR 23-27, 2007 CL Santiago del Teide, SPAIN AB We explore the size evolution of 831 very massive galaxies (M-star >= 10(11) h(70)(-2) M-circle dot) since z similar to 2 using the combined capabilities of the large near infrared Palomar/DEEP-2 survey, and the superb resolution of the HST ACS camera. We split our sample according to their light concentration using the Sersic index n. At a given stellar mass, both low (n < 2.5) and highly (n > 2.5) concentrated objects were much smaller in the past than their local massive counterparts. The evolution is particularly strong for the highly concentrated (spheroid-like) objects. At z similar to 1.5, massive spheroid-like objects were a factor of 4(+/-0.4) smaller (i.e., almost two orders of magnitude denser) than those we see today. These small sized, high mass galaxies do not exist in the nearby Universe, suggesting that this population merged with other galaxies over several billion years to form the largest galaxies we see today. C1 [Trujillo, Ignacio] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Vta Lactea s/n, Tenerife 38200, Spain. [Trujillo, Ignacio; Conselice, Christopher J.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON ONM5S 3H4, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Trujillo, I (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Canarias, Vta Lactea s/n, Tenerife 38200, Spain. RI Conselice, Christopher/B-4348-2013 FU NSF [AST-0307859]; NASA STScI [HST- AR-09920.01.A]; NASA [HST-GO-10134.13-A] FX Authors are grateful to M. Barden and D. McIntosh for providing us with the GEMS data points to allow us a comparison of our results with their less massive galaxies. We acknowledge useful discussionswith O. Almaini and A. Aragon Salamanca. We also thank the useful suggestions from an anonymous referee. The Palomar and DEEP-2 surveys would not have been completed without the active help of the staff at the Palomar and Keck observatories. The Palomar Survey was supported by NSF grant AST-0307859 and NASA STScI grant HST- AR-09920.01.A. Support for the ACS imaging of the EGS in GO program 10134 was provided by NASA through NASA grant HST-GO-10134.13-A from the Space Telescope Science Institute. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-650-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 390 BP 416 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIA28 UT WOS:000257885300095 ER PT J AU Brooks, K Stone, L AF Brooks, K. Stone, L. TI Accuracy of stereomotion speed perception in RDS and DRDS stimuli SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brooks, K.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Psychol, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Stone, L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Human Syst Integrat Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM kevin.brooks@psy.mq.edu.au NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 2008 VL 37 BP 71 EP 71 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA 406BL UT WOS:000263269900254 ER PT B AU Biswas, R Aftosmis, M Kiris, C Shen, BW AF Biswas, Rupak Aftosmis, Michael Kiris, Cetin Shen, Bo-Wen BE Bader, DA TI Petascale Computing: Impact on Future NASA Missions SO PETASCALE COMPUTING: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Biswas, Rupak; Aftosmis, Michael; Kiris, Cetin] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Shen, Bo-Wen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Biswas, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-58488-909-0 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2008 BP 29 EP + PG 20 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BKA06 UT WOS:000267566400002 ER PT B AU Diaconescu, RE Zima, HP AF Diaconescu, Roxana E. Zima, Hans P. BE Bader, DA TI Locality Awareness in a High-Productivity Programming Language SO PETASCALE COMPUTING: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Diaconescu, Roxana E.] Yahoo Inc, Burbank, CA USA. [Zima, Hans P.] Univ Vienna, Inst Computat Sci, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Zima, Hans P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Diaconescu, RE (reprint author), Yahoo Inc, Burbank, CA USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-58488-909-0 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2008 BP 463 EP 485 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BKA06 UT WOS:000267566400022 ER PT J AU Gutman, G Byrnes, R Masek, J Covington, S Justice, C Franks, S Headley, R AF Gutman, G. Byrnes, R. Masek, J. Covington, S. Justice, C. Franks, S. Headley, R. TI Towards monitoring land-cover and land-use changes at a global scale: The Global Land Survey 2005 SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID FOREST C1 [Byrnes, R.; Headley, R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Gutman, G.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Masek, J.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Justice, C.; Franks, S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gutman, G (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012 NR 15 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 74 IS 1 BP 6 EP 10 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 247KM UT WOS:000252077700001 ER PT S AU Ryan, D Azizi, A An, X Tang, H Demers, R AF Ryan, Daniel Azizi, Alireza An, Xin Tang, Hong Demers, Richard BE Yin, S Guo, R TI Broadband white light laser combiner system SO PHOTONIC FIBER AND CRYSTAL DEVICES: ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND INNOVATIONS IN DEVICE APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices - Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications II CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Spectral calibration; photonic crystal fiber; broadband white light AB The SIM-Planetquest (Space Interferometry Mission), currently under development at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, consists of two 6-meter baseline interferometers on a flexible truss. SIM's science goals require 1 mu as accuracy in its astrometric measurements([1]). To achieve this level of accuracy for detecting planets SIM built the Spectrum Calibration Development Unit (SCDU) testbed. The testbed requires a white light point source with broadband spectrum. Before each long test the spectrum on the camera must be calibrated. To achieve this task a laser light visible to camera was coupled to the white light source. The light system needed pointing stability of better than 4 micro-radians and a minimum optical power level at the fringe tracking camera. Due to stability requirement of the experiment, the setup, including the point source is in a vacuum chamber. To get a broadband spectrum point source inside the vacuum chamber white light from a multimode fiber was combined with laser light in free space to a photonics crystal fiber (PCF). The output is a single mode, broadband, and Gaussian beam. This paper explains the details of such a design and shows some of the results. C1 [Ryan, Daniel; Azizi, Alireza; An, Xin; Tang, Hong; Demers, Richard] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ryan, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7276-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7056 AR 705623 DI 10.1117/12.804262 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BIQ23 UT WOS:000261876000056 ER PT S AU Tripathi, N Bell, LD Grandusky, JR Jindal, V Shahedipour-Sandvik, F AF Tripathi, N. Bell, L. D. Grandusky, J. R. Jindal, V. Shahedipour-Sandvik, F. BE Palacios, T Jena, D TI Growth and characterization of a novel hyperspectral detector using the III-nitrides SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 5, NO 6 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-7) CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Aixtron AG, Rohm & Hass Elect Mat LLC, Akzo Nobel High Pur Metalorgan, Cree Inc, IQE, Nitronex, RFMD, Seoul Semicond Co Ltd, Sony Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Kopin Corp, Mitsubishi Chem Corp, Nichia Corp, Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp, Veeco Instruments, Air Prod & Chem, Osram Opto Semicond GmbH, SAFC Hitech AB We report on the growth and characterization of a novel; III-nitrides based, tunable hyperspectral photodetector. The proposed device structure consists of AlxGa1-xN multilayer heterostructure with At composition of 0 < x < 1 grown on, a GaN/sapphire template. The AlxGa1-xN heterostructure forms a stepped triangular profile potential barrier whereby the height of the potential barrier can be tuned by varying the applied voltage. Height of the potential barrier determines the threshold energy of the photoemission current over the potential barrier and hence determines the detection wavelength of the device, Device structures with different AlGaN layer thicknesses are evaluated to understand the dependence of the dark, current and the quantum efficiency of the device on the thickness' 1 of the, barrier structure. Internal photoemission (IPE) measurements have been carried out to measure the potential barrier faced by the photoexcited carriers. A reduction in potential barrier by 0.65 eV is observed over an applied voltage of 1.3 V, confirming the tunability of detection wavelength. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used to study and improve the device performance. IPE, I-V and AFM results are presented I g with a discussion an the principle of device operation, along detection wavelength tunability range and device structure optimization parameters. (c) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 [Tripathi, N.; Grandusky, J. R.; Jindal, V.; Shahedipour-Sandvik, F.] SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Bell, L. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Shahedipour-Sandvik, F (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM sshahedipour@uamail.albany.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP 2228 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200778597 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHV31 UT WOS:000256695700231 ER PT J AU Khakoo, MA Malone, CP Johnson, PV Lewis, BR Laher, R Wang, S Swaminathan, V Nuyujukian, D Kanik, I AF Khakoo, M. A. Malone, C. P. Johnson, P. V. Lewis, B. R. Laher, R. Wang, S. Swaminathan, V. Nuyujukian, D. Kanik, I. TI Electron-impact excitation of X (1)Sigma(+)(g)(v ''=0) to the a '' (1)Sigma(+)(g), b (1)Pi(u), c(3) (1)Pi(u), o(3) (1)Pi(u), b ' (1)Sigma(+)(u), c(4)' (1)Sigma(+)(u), G (3)Pi(u), and F (3)Pi(u) states of molecular nitrogen SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING CROSS-SECTIONS; INTERMEDIATE ENERGY REGION; FRANCK-CONDON FACTORS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; INCIDENT ENERGIES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; N-2; N2; SPECTRUM AB Measurements of differential cross sections (DCSs) for electron-impact excitation of the a('') (1)Sigma(+)(g), b (1)Pi(u), c(3) (1)Pi(u), o(3) (1)Pi(u), b' (1)Sigma(+)(u), c(4)' (1)Sigma(+)(u), G (3)Pi(u), and F (3)Pi(u) states in N(2) from the X (1)Sigma(+)(g)(v ''=0) ground level are presented. The DCSs were obtained from energy-loss spectra in the region of 12 to 13.82 eV measured at incident energies of 17.5, 20, 30, 50, and 100 eV and for scattering angles ranging from 2 degrees to 130 degrees. The analysis of the spectra follows a different algorithm from that employed in a previous study of N(2) for the valence states [Khakoo Phys. Rev. A 71, 062703 (2005)], since the (1)Pi(u) and (1)Sigma(+)(u) states form strongly interacting Rydberg-valence series. The results are compared with existing data. C1 [Khakoo, M. A.; Wang, S.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Phys, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. [Malone, C. P.; Johnson, P. V.; Kanik, I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lewis, B. R.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Laher, R.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Swaminathan, V.; Nuyujukian, D.] Troy High Sch, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. RP Khakoo, MA (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Phys, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. RI Malone, Charles/A-6294-2010; Wang, Shiyang/C-1729-2012; Johnson, Paul/D-4001-2009 OI Malone, Charles/0000-0001-8418-1539; Johnson, Paul/0000-0002-0186-8456 NR 65 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 AR 012704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.012704 PG 20 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 258IQ UT WOS:000252862000092 ER PT J AU Abbott, B Abbott, R Adhikari, R Agresti, J Ajith, P Allen, B Amin, R Anderson, SB Anderson, WG Arain, M Araya, M Armandula, H Ashley, M Aston, S Aufmuth, P Aulbert, C Babak, S Ballmer, S Bantilan, H Barish, BC Barker, C Barker, D Barr, B Barriga, P Barton, MA Bayer, K Belczynski, K Betzwieser, J Beyersdorf, PT Bhawal, B Bilenko, IA Billingsley, G Biswas, R Black, E Blackburn, K Blackburn, L Blair, D Bland, B Bogenstahl, J Bogue, L Bork, R Boschi, V Bose, S Brady, PR Braginsky, VB Brau, JE Brinkmann, M Brooks, A Brown, DA Bullington, A Bunkowski, A Buonanno, A Burmeister, O Busby, D Byer, RL Cadonati, L Cagnoli, G Camp, JB Cannizzo, J Cannon, K Cantley, CA Cao, J Cardenas, L Casey, MM Castaldi, G Cepeda, C Chalkley, E Charlton, P Chatterji, S Chelkowski, S Chen, Y Chiadini, F Chin, D Chin, E Chow, J Christensen, N Clark, J Cochrane, P Cokelaer, T Colacino, CN Coldwell, R Conte, R Cook, D Corbitt, T Coward, D Coyne, D Creighton, JDE Creighton, TD Croce, RP Crooks, DRM Cruise, AM Cumming, A Dalrymple, J D'Ambrosio, E Danzmann, K Davies, G Debra, D Degallaix, J Degree, M Demma, T Dergachev, V Desai, S DeSalvo, R Dhurandhar, S Diaz, M Dickson, J Di Credico, A Diederichs, G Dietz, A Doomes, EE Drever, RWP Dumas, JC Dupuis, RJ Dwyer, JG Ehrens, P Espinoza, E Etzel, T Evans, M Evans, T Fairhurst, S Fan, Y Fazi, D Fejer, MM Finn, LS Fiumara, V Fotopoulos, N Franzen, A Franzen, KY Freise, A Frey, R Fricke, T Fritschel, P Frolov, VV Fyffe, M Galdi, V Garofoli, J Gholami, I Giaime, JA Giampanis, S Giardina, KD Goda, K Goetz, E Goggin, LM Gonzalez, G Gossler, S Grant, A Gras, S Gray, C Gray, M Greenhalgh, J Gretarsson, AM Grosso, R Grote, H Grunewald, S Guenther, M Gustafson, R Hage, B Hammer, D Hanna, C Hanson, J Harms, J Harry, G Harstad, E Hayler, T Heefner, J Heng, IS Heptonstall, A Heurs, M Hewitson, M Hild, S Hirose, E Hoak, D Hosken, D Hough, J Howell, E Hoyland, D Huttner, SH Ingram, D Innerhofer, E Ito, M Itoh, Y Ivanov, A Jackrel, D Johnson, B Johnson, WW Jones, DI Jones, G Jones, R Ju, L Kalmus, P Kalogera, V Kasprzyk, D Katsavounidis, E Kawabe, K Kawamura, S Kawazoe, F Kells, W Keppel, DG Khalili, FY Kim, C King, P Kissel, JS Klimenko, S Kokeyama, K Kondrashov, V Kopparapu, RK Kozak, D Krishnan, B Kwee, P Lam, PK Landry, M Lantz, B Lazzarini, A Lee, B Lei, M Leiner, J Leonhardt, V Leonor, I Libbrecht, K Lindquist, P Lockerbie, NA Longo, M Lormand, M Lubinski, M Luck, H Machenschalk, B MacInnis, M Mageswaran, M Mailand, K Malec, M Mandic, V Marano, S Marka, S Markowitz, J Maros, E Martin, I Marx, JN Mason, K Matone, L Matta, V Mavalvala, N McCarthy, R McClelland, DE McGuire, SC McHugh, M McKenzie, K McNabb, JWC McWilliams, S Meier, T Melissinos, A Mendell, G Mercer, RA Meshkov, S Messenger, CJ Meyers, D Mikhailov, E Mitra, S Mitrofanov, VP Mitselmakher, G Mittleman, R Miyakawa, O Mohanty, S Moreno, G Mossavi, K MowLowry, C Moylan, A Mudge, D Mueller, G Mukherjee, S Muller-Ebhardt, H Munch, J Murray, P Myers, E Myers, J Nash, T Newton, G Nishizawa, A Numata, K O'Reilly, B O'Shaughnessy, R Ottaway, DJ Overmier, H Owen, BJ Pan, Y Papa, MA Parameshwaraiah, V Patel, P Pedraza, M Penn, S Pierro, V Pinto, IM Pitkin, M Pletsch, H Plissi, MV Postiglione, F Prix, R Quetschke, V Raab, F Rabeling, D Radkins, H Rahkola, R Rainer, N Rakhmanov, M Ramsunder, M Rawlins, K Ray-Majumder, S Re, V Rehbein, H Reid, S Reitze, DH Ribichini, L Riesen, R Riles, K Rivera, B Robertson, NA Robinson, C Robinson, EL Roddy, S Rodriguez, A Rogan, AM Rollins, J Romano, JD Romie, J Route, R Rowan, S Rudiger, A Ruet, L Russell, P Ryan, K Sakata, S Samidi, M de la Jordana, LS Sandberg, V Sannibale, V Saraf, S Sarin, P Sathyaprakash, BS Sato, S Saulson, PR Savage, R Savov, P Schediwy, S Schilling, R Schnabel, R Schofield, R Schutz, BF Schwinberg, P Scott, SM Searle, AC Sears, B Seifert, F Sellers, D Sengupta, AS Shawhan, P Shoemaker, DH Sibley, A Siemens, X Sigg, D Sinha, S Sintes, AM Slagmolen, BJJ Slutsky, J Smith, JR Smith, MR Somiya, K Strain, KA Strom, DM Stuver, A Summerscales, TZ Sun, KX Sung, M Sutton, PJ Takahashi, H Tanner, DB Tarallo, M Taylor, R Taylor, R Thacker, J Thorne, KA Thorne, KS Thuring, A Tokmakov, KV Torres, C Torrie, C Traylor, G Trias, M Tyler, W Ugolini, D Ungarelli, C Urbanek, K Vahlbruch, H Vallisneri, M Van Den Broeck, C Varvella, M Vass, S Vecchio, A Veitch, J Veitch, P Villar, A Vorvick, C Vyachanin, SP Waldman, SJ Wallace, L Ward, H Ward, R Watts, K Webber, D Weidner, A Weinert, M Weinstein, A Weiss, R Wen, S Wette, K Whelan, JT Whitbeck, DM Whitcomb, SE Whiting, BF Wilkinson, C Willems, PA Williams, L Willke, B Wilmut, I Winkler, W Wipf, CC Wise, S Wiseman, AG Woan, G Woods, D Wooley, R Worden, J Wu, W Yakushin, I Yamamoto, H Yan, Z Yoshida, S Yunes, N Zanolin, M Zhang, J Zhang, L Zhao, C Zotov, N Zucker, M zur Muhlen, H Zweizig, J AF Abbott, B. Abbott, R. Adhikari, R. Agresti, J. Ajith, P. Allen, B. Amin, R. Anderson, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Arain, M. Araya, M. Armandula, H. Ashley, M. Aston, S. Aufmuth, P. Aulbert, C. Babak, S. Ballmer, S. Bantilan, H. Barish, B. C. Barker, C. Barker, D. Barr, B. Barriga, P. Barton, M. A. Bayer, K. Belczynski, K. Betzwieser, J. Beyersdorf, P. T. Bhawal, B. Bilenko, I. A. Billingsley, G. Biswas, R. Black, E. Blackburn, K. Blackburn, L. Blair, D. Bland, B. Bogenstahl, J. Bogue, L. Bork, R. Boschi, V. Bose, S. Brady, P. R. Braginsky, V. B. Brau, J. E. Brinkmann, M. Brooks, A. Brown, D. A. Bullington, A. Bunkowski, A. Buonanno, A. Burmeister, O. Busby, D. Byer, R. L. Cadonati, L. Cagnoli, G. Camp, J. B. Cannizzo, J. Cannon, K. Cantley, C. A. Cao, J. Cardenas, L. Casey, M. M. Castaldi, G. Cepeda, C. Chalkley, E. Charlton, P. Chatterji, S. Chelkowski, S. Chen, Y. Chiadini, F. Chin, D. Chin, E. Chow, J. Christensen, N. Clark, J. Cochrane, P. Cokelaer, T. Colacino, C. N. Coldwell, R. Conte, R. Cook, D. Corbitt, T. Coward, D. Coyne, D. Creighton, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Croce, R. P. Crooks, D. R. M. Cruise, A. M. Cumming, A. Dalrymple, J. D'Ambrosio, E. Danzmann, K. Davies, G. DeBra, D. Degallaix, J. Degree, M. Demma, T. Dergachev, V. Desai, S. DeSalvo, R. Dhurandhar, S. Diaz, M. Dickson, J. Di Credico, A. Diederichs, G. Dietz, A. Doomes, E. E. Drever, R. W. P. Dumas, J. -C. Dupuis, R. J. Dwyer, J. G. Ehrens, P. Espinoza, E. Etzel, T. Evans, M. Evans, T. Fairhurst, S. Fan, Y. Fazi, D. Fejer, M. M. Finn, L. S. Fiumara, V. Fotopoulos, N. Franzen, A. Franzen, K. Y. Freise, A. Frey, R. Fricke, T. Fritschel, P. Frolov, V. V. Fyffe, M. Galdi, V. Garofoli, J. Gholami, I. Giaime, J. A. Giampanis, S. Giardina, K. D. Goda, K. Goetz, E. Goggin, L. M. Gonzalez, G. Gossler, S. Grant, A. Gras, S. Gray, C. Gray, M. Greenhalgh, J. Gretarsson, A. M. Grosso, R. Grote, H. Grunewald, S. Guenther, M. Gustafson, R. Hage, B. Hammer, D. Hanna, C. Hanson, J. Harms, J. Harry, G. Harstad, E. Hayler, T. Heefner, J. Heng, I. S. Heptonstall, A. Heurs, M. Hewitson, M. Hild, S. Hirose, E. Hoak, D. Hosken, D. Hough, J. Howell, E. Hoyland, D. Huttner, S. H. Ingram, D. Innerhofer, E. Ito, M. Itoh, Y. Ivanov, A. Jackrel, D. Johnson, B. Johnson, W. W. Jones, D. I. Jones, G. Jones, R. Ju, L. Kalmus, P. Kalogera, V. Kasprzyk, D. Katsavounidis, E. Kawabe, K. Kawamura, S. Kawazoe, F. Kells, W. Keppel, D. G. Khalili, F. Ya. Kim, C. King, P. Kissel, J. S. Klimenko, S. Kokeyama, K. Kondrashov, V. Kopparapu, R. K. Kozak, D. Krishnan, B. Kwee, P. Lam, P. K. Landry, M. Lantz, B. Lazzarini, A. Lee, B. Lei, M. Leiner, J. Leonhardt, V. Leonor, I. Libbrecht, K. Lindquist, P. Lockerbie, N. A. Longo, M. Lormand, M. Lubinski, M. Lueck, H. Machenschalk, B. MacInnis, M. Mageswaran, M. Mailand, K. Malec, M. Mandic, V. Marano, S. Marka, S. Markowitz, J. Maros, E. Martin, I. Marx, J. N. Mason, K. Matone, L. Matta, V. Mavalvala, N. McCarthy, R. McClelland, D. E. McGuire, S. C. McHugh, M. McKenzie, K. McNabb, J. W. C. McWilliams, S. Meier, T. Melissinos, A. Mendell, G. Mercer, R. A. Meshkov, S. Messenger, C. J. Meyers, D. Mikhailov, E. Mitra, S. Mitrofanov, V. P. Mitselmakher, G. Mittleman, R. Miyakawa, O. Mohanty, S. Moreno, G. Mossavi, K. MowLowry, C. Moylan, A. Mudge, D. Mueller, G. Mukherjee, S. Mueller-Ebhardt, H. Munch, J. Murray, P. Myers, E. Myers, J. Nash, T. Newton, G. Nishizawa, A. Numata, K. O'Reilly, B. O'Shaughnessy, R. Ottaway, D. J. Overmier, H. Owen, B. J. Pan, Y. Papa, M. A. Parameshwaraiah, V. Patel, P. Pedraza, M. Penn, S. Pierro, V. Pinto, I. M. Pitkin, M. Pletsch, H. Plissi, M. V. Postiglione, F. Prix, R. Quetschke, V. Raab, F. Rabeling, D. Radkins, H. Rahkola, R. Rainer, N. Rakhmanov, M. Ramsunder, M. Rawlins, K. Ray-Majumder, S. Re, V. Rehbein, H. Reid, S. Reitze, D. H. Ribichini, L. Riesen, R. Riles, K. Rivera, B. Robertson, N. A. Robinson, C. Robinson, E. L. Roddy, S. Rodriguez, A. Rogan, A. M. Rollins, J. Romano, J. D. Romie, J. Route, R. Rowan, S. Ruediger, A. Ruet, L. Russell, P. Ryan, K. Sakata, S. Samidi, M. Sancho de la Jordana, L. Sandberg, V. Sannibale, V. Saraf, S. Sarin, P. Sathyaprakash, B. S. Sato, S. Saulson, P. R. Savage, R. Savov, P. Schediwy, S. Schilling, R. Schnabel, R. Schofield, R. Schutz, B. F. Schwinberg, P. Scott, S. M. Searle, A. C. Sears, B. Seifert, F. Sellers, D. Sengupta, A. S. Shawhan, P. Shoemaker, D. H. Sibley, A. Siemens, X. Sigg, D. Sinha, S. Sintes, A. M. Slagmolen, B. J. J. Slutsky, J. Smith, J. R. Smith, M. R. Somiya, K. Strain, K. A. Strom, D. M. Stuver, A. Summerscales, T. Z. Sun, K. -X. Sung, M. Sutton, P. J. Takahashi, H. Tanner, D. B. Tarallo, M. Taylor, R. Taylor, R. Thacker, J. Thorne, K. A. Thorne, K. S. Thuering, A. Tokmakov, K. V. Torres, C. Torrie, C. Traylor, G. Trias, M. Tyler, W. Ugolini, D. Ungarelli, C. Urbanek, K. Vahlbruch, H. Vallisneri, M. Van Den Broeck, C. Varvella, M. Vass, S. Vecchio, A. Veitch, J. Veitch, P. Villar, A. Vorvick, C. Vyachanin, S. P. Waldman, S. J. Wallace, L. Ward, H. Ward, R. Watts, K. Webber, D. Weidner, A. Weinert, M. Weinstein, A. Weiss, R. Wen, S. Wette, K. Whelan, J. T. Whitbeck, D. M. Whitcomb, S. E. Whiting, B. F. Wilkinson, C. Willems, P. A. Williams, L. Willke, B. Wilmut, I. Winkler, W. Wipf, C. C. Wise, S. Wiseman, A. G. Woan, G. Woods, D. Wooley, R. Worden, J. Wu, W. Yakushin, I. Yamamoto, H. Yan, Z. Yoshida, S. Yunes, N. Zanolin, M. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhao, C. Zotov, N. Zucker, M. zur Muehlen, H. Zweizig, J. TI All-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in LIGO S4 data SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ISOLATED NEUTRON-STARS; HOUGH TRANSFORM; DETECTORS; EMISSION; SIGNALS AB We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1000 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -1 x 10(-8) Hz s(-1) to zero. Data from the fourth LIGO science run (S4) have been used in this search. Three different semicoherent methods of transforming and summing strain power from short Fourier transforms (SFTs) of the calibrated data have been used. The first, known as StackSlide, averages normalized power from each SFT. A "weighted Hough" scheme is also developed and used, which also allows for a multi-interferometer search. The third method, known as PowerFlux, is a variant of the StackSlide method in which the power is weighted before summing. In both the weighted Hough and PowerFlux methods, the weights are chosen according to the noise and detector antenna-pattern to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio. The respective advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report upper limits; we interpret these as limits on this radiation from isolated rotating neutron stars. The best population-based upper limit with 95% confidence on the gravitational-wave strain amplitude, found for simulated sources distributed isotropically across the sky and with isotropically distributed spin axes, is 4.28 x 10(-24) (near 140 Hz). Strict upper limits are also obtained for small patches on the sky for best-case and worst-case inclinations of the spin axes. C1 [Aulbert, C.; Babak, S.; Chen, Y.; Gholami, I.; Grunewald, S.; Krishnan, B.; Machenschalk, B.; Papa, M. A.; Prix, R.; Schutz, B. F.; Sintes, A. M.; Somiya, K.; Takahashi, H.; Whelan, J. T.] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-14476 Golm, Germany. [Ajith, P.; Allen, B.; Brinkmann, M.; Bunkowski, A.; Burmeister, O.; Cochrane, P.; Danzmann, K.; Grote, H.; Harms, J.; Heurs, M.; Hewitson, M.; Lueck, H.; Mossavi, K.; Mueller-Ebhardt, H.; Pletsch, H.; Rainer, N.; Rehbein, H.; Ribichini, L.; Ruediger, A.; Schilling, R.; Schnabel, R.; Seifert, F.; Smith, J. R.; Somiya, K.; Weidner, A.; Weinert, M.; Willke, B.; Winkler, W.] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Summerscales, T. Z.] Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. [Ashley, M.; Chow, J.; Dickson, J.; Gossler, S.; Gray, M.; Lam, P. K.; McClelland, D. E.; McKenzie, K.; MowLowry, C.; Moylan, A.; Rabeling, D.; Scott, S. M.; Searle, A. C.; Slagmolen, B. J. J.; Wette, K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Drever, R. W. P.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Brown, D. A.; Savov, P.; Siemens, X.; Thorne, K. S.; Vallisneri, M.] Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cokelaer, T.; Davies, G.; Dietz, A.; Fairhurst, S.; Jones, G.; Robinson, C.; Romano, J. D.; Sathyaprakash, B. S.; Schutz, B. F.; Sengupta, A. S.; Van Den Broeck, C.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales. [Bantilan, H.; Christensen, N.] Carleton Coll, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. [Charlton, P.] Charles Sturt Univ, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia. [Dwyer, J. G.; Kalmus, P.; Marka, S.; Matone, L.; Rollins, J.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Gretarsson, A. M.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. [Penn, S.] Hobart & William Smith Coll, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Dhurandhar, S.; Mitra, S.] Interuniv Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. [Aufmuth, P.; Danzmann, K.; Diederichs, G.; Franzen, A.; Hage, B.; Hild, S.; Kwee, P.; Lueck, H.; Malec, M.; Meier, T.; Thuering, A.; Vahlbruch, H.; Willke, B.; zur Muehlen, H.] Leibnitz Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Abbott, B.; Abbott, R.; Adhikari, R.; Agresti, J.; Anderson, S. B.; Araya, M.; Armandula, H.; Ballmer, S.; Barish, B. C.; Bhawal, B.; Billingsley, G.; Black, E.; Blackburn, K.; Bork, R.; Boschi, V.; Brown, D. A.; Busby, D.; Cardenas, L.; Cepeda, C.; Chatterji, S.; Coyne, D.; Creighton, T. D.; D'Ambrosio, E.; DeSalvo, R.; Dupuis, R. J.; Ehrens, P.; Espinoza, E.; Etzel, T.; Evans, M.; Fairhurst, S.; Fazi, D.; Goggin, L. M.; Heefner, J.; Ivanov, A.; Kells, W.; Keppel, D. G.; King, P.; Kondrashov, V.; Kozak, D.; Lazzarini, A.; Lei, M.; Libbrecht, K.; Mageswaran, M.; Mailand, K.; Mandic, V.; Maros, E.; Marx, J. N.; Meshkov, S.; Meyers, D.; Miyakawa, O.; Nash, T.; Patel, P.; Pedraza, M.; Robertson, N. A.; Russell, P.; Samidi, M.; Sannibale, V.; Sears, B.; Siemens, X.; Smith, M. R.; Sutton, P. J.; Tarallo, M.; Taylor, R.; Tyler, W.; Varvella, M.; Vass, S.; Villar, A.; Waldman, S. J.; Wallace, L.; Ward, R.; Webber, D.; Weinstein, A.; Whitcomb, S. E.; Willems, P. A.; Yamamoto, H.; Zhang, L.; Zweizig, J.] CALTECH, LIGO, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Barker, C.; Barker, D.; Bland, B.; Cook, D.; Garofoli, J.; Gray, C.; Guenther, M.; Ingram, D.; Johnson, B.; Kawabe, K.; Landry, M.; Lindquist, P.; Lubinski, M.; McCarthy, R.; Mendell, G.; Moreno, G.; Myers, E.; Myers, J.; Parameshwaraiah, V.; Raab, F.; Radkins, H.; Rivera, B.; Ryan, K.; Sandberg, V.; Savage, R.; Schwinberg, P.; Sigg, D.; Vorvick, C.; Wilkinson, C.; Worden, J.] LIGO Hanford Observ, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bogue, L.; Evans, T.; Frolov, V. V.; Fyffe, M.; Giaime, J. A.; Giardina, K. D.; Hanson, J.; Hoak, D.; Lormand, M.; O'Reilly, B.; Overmier, H.; Riesen, R.; Roddy, S.; Romie, J.; Sellers, D.; Sibley, A.; Thacker, J.; Traylor, G.; Watts, K.; Wooley, R.; Yakushin, I.] LIGO Livingston Observ, Livingston, LA 70754 USA. [Bayer, K.; Betzwieser, J.; Blackburn, L.; Cadonati, L.; Cao, J.; Corbitt, T.; Fritschel, P.; Goda, K.; Harry, G.; Innerhofer, E.; Katsavounidis, E.; MacInnis, M.; Markowitz, J.; Mason, K.; Mavalvala, N.; Mikhailov, E.; Mittleman, R.; Ottaway, D. J.; Rawlins, K.; Ruet, L.; Sarin, P.; Shoemaker, D. H.; Weiss, R.; Wipf, C. C.; Zanolin, M.; Zucker, M.] MIT, LIGO, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Amin, R.; Giaime, J. A.; Gonzalez, G.; Hanna, C.; Johnson, W. W.; Kissel, J. S.; Kopparapu, R. K.; Rodriguez, A.; Slutsky, J.; Sung, M.; Wen, S.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Zotov, N.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [McHugh, M.] Loyola Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Bilenko, I. A.; Braginsky, V. B.; Khalili, F. Ya.; Mitrofanov, V. P.; Vyachanin, S. P.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Camp, J. B.; Cannizzo, J.; McWilliams, S.; Numata, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kawamura, S.; Kawazoe, F.; Kokeyama, K.; Leonhardt, V.; Nishizawa, A.; Sakata, S.; Sato, S.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Belczynski, K.; Kalogera, V.; Kim, C.; O'Shaughnessy, R.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Saraf, S.] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Greenhalgh, J.; Hayler, T.; Wilmut, I.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Beyersdorf, P. T.] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Yoshida, S.] SE Louisiana Univ, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. [Doomes, E. E.; McGuire, S. C.] So Univ & A&M Coll, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. [Bullington, A.; Byer, R. L.; DeBra, D.; Degree, M.; Fejer, M. M.; Jackrel, D.; Lantz, B.; Route, R.; Sinha, S.; Sun, K. -X.; Urbanek, K.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Dalrymple, J.; Di Credico, A.; Hirose, E.; Saulson, P. R.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Desai, S.; Finn, L. S.; McNabb, J. W. C.; Owen, B. J.; Rakhmanov, M.; Ramsunder, M.; Stuver, A.; Thorne, K. A.; Whitbeck, D. M.; Yunes, N.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Diaz, M.; Grosso, R.; Mohanty, S.; Mukherjee, S.; Torres, C.] Univ Texas Brownsville & Texas Southmost Coll, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Ugolini, D.] Trinity Univ, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. [Sancho de la Jordana, L.; Sintes, A. M.; Trias, M.] Univ Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. [Brooks, A.; Hosken, D.; Mudge, D.; Munch, J.; Veitch, P.] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Aston, S.; Colacino, C. N.; Cruise, A. M.; Freise, A.; Hoyland, D.; Kasprzyk, D.; Re, V.; Robinson, E. L.; Ungarelli, C.; Vecchio, A.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Arain, M.; Coldwell, R.; Franzen, K. Y.; Klimenko, S.; Mercer, R. A.; Mitselmakher, G.; Mueller, G.; Quetschke, V.; Reitze, D. H.; Tanner, D. B.; Whiting, B. F.; Williams, L.; Wise, S.; Wu, W.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Barr, B.; Barton, M. A.; Bogenstahl, J.; Cagnoli, G.; Cantley, C. A.; Casey, M. M.; Chalkley, E.; Clark, J.; Crooks, D. R. M.; Cumming, A.; Grant, A.; Heng, I. S.; Heptonstall, A.; Hough, J.; Huttner, S. H.; Jones, R.; Martin, I.; Messenger, C. J.; Murray, P.; Newton, G.; Pitkin, M.; Plissi, M. V.; Reid, S.; Robertson, N. A.; Rowan, S.; Strain, K. A.; Taylor, R.; Tokmakov, K. V.; Torrie, C.; Veitch, J.; Ward, H.; Woan, G.] Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Buonanno, A.; Pan, Y.; Shawhan, P.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chin, D.; Dergachev, V.; Goetz, E.; Gustafson, R.; Riles, K.; Zhang, J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Brau, J. E.; Frey, R.; Harstad, E.; Ito, M.; Leonor, I.; Rahkola, R.; Schofield, R.; Strom, D. M.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Fricke, T.; Giampanis, S.; Melissinos, A.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Chiadini, F.; Conte, R.; Fiumara, V.; Longo, M.; Marano, S.; Matta, V.; Postiglione, F.] Univ Salerno, I-84084 Salerno, Italy. [Castaldi, G.; Croce, R. P.; Pierro, V.; Pinto, I. M.] Univ Sannio Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy. [Demma, T.; Galdi, V.; Jones, D. I.] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Chin, E.; Lockerbie, N. A.] Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Barriga, P.; Blair, D.; Coward, D.; Degallaix, J.; Dumas, J. -C.; Fan, Y.; Gras, S.; Howell, E.; Ju, L.; Lee, B.; Schediwy, S.; Yan, Z.; Zhao, C.] Univ Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Anderson, W. G.; Biswas, R.; Brady, P. R.; Cannon, K.; Creighton, J. D. E.; Fotopoulos, N.; Hammer, D.; Itoh, Y.; Ray-Majumder, S.; Wiseman, A. G.; Woods, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Bose, S.; Leiner, J.; Papa, M. A.; Rogan, A. M.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Abbott, B (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-14476 Golm, Germany. RI Ward, Robert/I-8032-2014; Khalili, Farit/D-8113-2012; Chiadini, Francesco/E-1812-2015; Vecchio, Alberto/F-8310-2015; Mow-Lowry, Conor/F-8843-2015; Ottaway, David/J-5908-2015; Postiglione, Fabio/O-4744-2015; Tarallo, Marco/B-2096-2012; Sigg, Daniel/I-4308-2015; Pinto, Innocenzo/L-3520-2016; Harms, Jan/J-4359-2012; Chow, Jong/A-3183-2008; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Howell, Eric/H-5072-2014; Casey, Morag/C-9703-2010; Agresti, Juri/G-8168-2012; Zhao, Chunnong/C-2403-2013; Ju, Li/C-2623-2013; Re, Virginia /F-6403-2013; Barker, David/A-5671-2013; Lueck, Harald/F-7100-2011; Kawabe, Keita/G-9840-2011; Kawazoe, Fumiko/F-7700-2011; Freise, Andreas/F-8892-2011; Galdi, Vincenzo/B-1670-2008; Lam, Ping Koy/A-5276-2008; Finn, Lee Samuel/A-3452-2009; Vyatchanin, Sergey/J-2238-2012; Strain, Kenneth/D-5236-2011; Schutz, Bernard/B-1504-2010; Allen, Bruce/K-2327-2012; Chen, Yanbei/A-2604-2013; Bilenko, Igor/D-5172-2012; Raab, Frederick/E-2222-2011; Mitrofanov, Valery/D-8501-2012; Martin, Iain/A-2445-2010; Hild, Stefan/A-3864-2010; McClelland, David/E-6765-2010; Pitkin, Matthew/I-3802-2013; Rowan, Sheila/E-3032-2010 OI MARANO, Stefano/0000-0002-5307-0980; Whiting, Bernard F/0000-0002-8501-8669; Stuver, Amber/0000-0003-0324-5735; Nishizawa, Atsushi/0000-0003-3562-0990; Zweizig, John/0000-0002-1521-3397; O'Shaughnessy, Richard/0000-0001-5832-8517; Freise, Andreas/0000-0001-6586-9901; MATTA, VINCENZO/0000-0002-2046-4027; Ward, Robert/0000-0001-5503-5241; Whelan, John/0000-0001-5710-6576; LONGO, Maurizio/0000-0001-8325-4003; Fairhurst, Stephen/0000-0001-8480-1961; Boschi, Valerio/0000-0001-8665-2293; Pinto, Innocenzo M./0000-0002-2679-4457; Pierro, Vincenzo/0000-0002-6020-5521; Chiadini, Francesco/0000-0002-9339-8622; Vecchio, Alberto/0000-0002-6254-1617; Postiglione, Fabio/0000-0003-0628-3796; Tarallo, Marco/0000-0001-5169-4987; Sigg, Daniel/0000-0003-4606-6526; Chow, Jong/0000-0002-2414-5402; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Howell, Eric/0000-0001-7891-2817; Agresti, Juri/0000-0001-6119-2470; Zhao, Chunnong/0000-0001-5825-2401; Lueck, Harald/0000-0001-9350-4846; Galdi, Vincenzo/0000-0002-4796-3600; Lam, Ping Koy/0000-0002-4421-601X; Finn, Lee Samuel/0000-0002-3937-0688; Strain, Kenneth/0000-0002-2066-5355; Allen, Bruce/0000-0003-4285-6256; McClelland, David/0000-0001-6210-5842; Pitkin, Matthew/0000-0003-4548-526X; NR 40 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 2 AR 022001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.77.022001 PG 38 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 258JK UT WOS:000252864000005 ER PT J AU Pan, Y Buonanno, A Baker, JG Centrella, J Kelly, BJ McWilliams, ST Pretorius, F van Meter, JR AF Pan, Yi Buonanno, Alessandra Baker, John G. Centrella, Joan Kelly, Bernard J. McWilliams, Sean T. Pretorius, Frans van Meter, James R. TI Data-analysis driven comparison of analytic and numerical coalescing binary waveforms: Nonspinning case SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID POST-NEWTONIAN DYNAMICS; BLACK-HOLE MERGER; COMPACT BINARIES; GRAVITATIONAL-RADIATION; LASER-INTERFEROMETER; EQUATIONS AB We compare waveforms obtained by numerically evolving nonspinning binary black holes to post-Newtonian (PN) template families currently used in the search for gravitational waves by ground-based detectors. We find that the time-domain 3.5PN template family, which includes the inspiral phase, has fitting factors (FFs) >= 0.96 for binary systems with total mass M=10-20M. The time-domain 3.5PN effective-one-body template family, which includes the inspiral, merger, and ring-down phases, gives satisfactory signal-matching performance with FFs >= 0.96 for binary systems with total mass M=10-120M. If we introduce a cutoff frequency properly adjusted to the final black-hole ring-down frequency, we find that the frequency-domain stationary-phase-approximated template family at 3.5PN order has FFs >= 0.96 for binary systems with total mass M=10-20M. However, to obtain high matching performances for larger binary masses, we need to either extend this family to unphysical regions of the parameter space or introduce a 4PN order coefficient in the frequency-domain gravitational wave (GW) phase. Finally, we find that the phenomenological Buonanno-Chen-Vallisneri family has FFs >= 0.97 with total mass M=10-120M. The main analyses use the noise-spectral density of LIGO, but several tests are extended to VIRGO and advanced LIGO noise-spectral densities. C1 [Pan, Yi; Buonanno, Alessandra; McWilliams, Sean T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Baker, John G.; Centrella, Joan; Kelly, Bernard J.; van Meter, James R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Gravitat Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pretorius, Frans] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [van Meter, James R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Pan, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI van meter, james/E-7893-2011; Kelly, Bernard/G-7371-2011 NR 69 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 2 AR 024014 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.77.024014 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 258JK UT WOS:000252864000064 ER PT J AU Metzger, PT AF Metzger, Philip T. TI H theorem for contact forces in granular materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB A maximum entropy theorem is developed and tested for granular contact forces. Although it is idealized, describing two-dimensional packings of round, rigid, frictionless, cohesionless disks with coordination number Z=4, it appears to describe a central part of the physics present in the more general cases. The theorem does not make the strong claims of Edwards' hypothesis, nor does it rely upon Edwards' hypothesis at any point. Instead, it begins solely from the physical assumption that closed loops of grains are unable to impose strong force correlations around the loop. This statement is shown to be a generalization of Boltzmann's assumption of molecular chaos (his stosszahlansatz), allowing for the extra symmetries of granular stress propagation compared to the more limited symmetries of momentum propagation in a thermodynamic system. The theorem that follows from this is similar to Boltzmann's H theorem and is presented as an alternative to Edwards' hypothesis for explaining some granular phenomena. It identifies a very interesting feature of granular packings: if the generalized stosszahlansatz is correct, then the bulk of homogeneous granular packings must satisfy a maximum entropy condition simply by virtue of being stable, without any exploration of phase space required. This leads to an independent derivation of the contact force statistics, and these predictions have been compared to numerical simulation data in the isotropic case. The good agreement implies that the generalized stosszahlansatz is indeed accurate at least for the isotropic state of the idealized case studied here, and that it is the reductionist explanation for contact force statistics in this case. C1 NASA, John F Kennedy Space Ctr, Granular Mech & Surface Syst Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Metzger, PT (reprint author), NASA, John F Kennedy Space Ctr, Granular Mech & Surface Syst Lab, KT D3, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM philip.t.metzger@nasa.gov RI Metzger, Philip/R-3136-2016 OI Metzger, Philip/0000-0002-6871-5358 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 AR 011307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.77.011307 PN 1 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 258IK UT WOS:000252861400044 PM 18351850 ER PT J AU Landi, S Londrillo, P Velli, M Bettarini, L AF Landi, Simone Londrillo, Pasquale Velli, Marco Bettarini, Lapo TI Three-dimensional simulations of compressible tearing instability SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION CHALLENGE; FINITE-RESISTIVITY INSTABILITIES; SHEET PINCH; SECONDARY INSTABILITY; COALESCENCE INSTABILITY; HALL-MHD; SCHEMES; ISLANDS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; PRESSURE AB Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the tearing instability in the framework of compressible and resistive magnetohydrodynamics are presented. Simulations have been performed with a novel Eulerian conservative high order code, including an explicit resistivity, which uses implicit high order numerical schemes having higher spectral resolution than classical schemes. The linear and non linear evolution of the tearing instability has been followed for force-free and pressure-balanced initial equilibrium configurations. Pressure equilibrium configurations are subject to a secondary instability which drives the system toward a quasi two dimensional structure oriented perpendicularly to the initial configuration. The development of secondary instabilities is suppressed by a guide field allowing the coalescence instability to fully develop in the system. Force-free initial configurations follow an intermediate path with respect the previous cases: Strong coalescence of magnetic islands, due to the non linear evolution of the tearing instability, is observed before the system enters in a phase dominated by 3D modes. The histories of the differing initial current-sheet equilibria have counterparts in the energy spectra that, for all three cases, are observed to be strongly anisotropic. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Landi, Simone; Bettarini, Lapo] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Londrillo, Pasquale] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Velli, Marco] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Landi, S (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, Largo E Fermi 2, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RI Landi, Simone/G-7282-2015 OI Landi, Simone/0000-0002-1322-8712 NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2008 VL 15 IS 1 AR 012302 DI 10.1063/1.2825006 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 257TN UT WOS:000252821500017 ER PT J AU Sittler, EC Andre, N Blanc, M Burger, M Johnson, RE Coates, A Rymer, A Reisenfeld, D Thomsen, MF Persoon, A Dougherty, M Smith, HT Baragiola, RA Hartle, RE Chornay, D Shappirio, MD Simpson, D McComas, DJ Young, DT AF Sittler, E. C. Andre, N. Blanc, M. Burger, M. Johnson, R. E. Coates, A. Rymer, A. Reisenfeld, D. Thomsen, M. F. Persoon, A. Dougherty, M. Smith, H. T. Baragiola, R. A. Hartle, R. E. Chornay, D. Shappirio, M. D. Simpson, D. McComas, D. J. Young, D. T. TI Ion and neutral sources and sinks within Saturn's inner magnetosphere: Cassini results SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Assembly of the European-Geosciences-Union CY APR 02-07, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Geosci Union DE saturn; magnetosphere; plasmasphere; plasma; magnetic fields; ion-neutral sources ID POLARIZATION ELECTRIC-FIELD; ENCELADUS; PLASMA; ATMOSPHERE; DIFFUSION; PLUME; RING; OH AB Using ion-electron fluid parameters derived from Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) observations within Saturn's inner magnetosphere as presented in Sittler et al. [2006a. Cassini observations of Saturn's inner plasmasphere: Saturn orbit insertion results. Planet. Space Sci., 54, 1197-1210], one can estimate the ion total flux tube content, NIONL2, for protons, H+, and water group ions, W+, as a function of radial distance or dipole L shell. In Sittler et al. [2005. Preliminary results on Saturn's inner plasmasphere as observed by Cassini: comparison with Voyager. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32(14), L14S04), it was shown that protons and water group ions dominated the plasmasphere composition. Using the ion-electron fluid parameters as boundary condition for each L shell traversed by the Cassini spacecraft, we self-consistently solve for the ambipolar electric field and the ion distribution along each of those field lines. Temperature anisotropies from Voyager plasma observations are used with (T-perpendicular to/T-II)(w+)similar to 5 and (T-perpendicular to/T-II)(H+)similar to 2. The radio and plasma wave science (RPWS) electron density observations from previous publications are used to indirectly confirm usage of the above temperature anisotropies for water group ions and protons. In the case of electrons we assume they are isotropic due to their short scattering time scales. When the above is done, our calculation show NIONL2 for H+ and W+ peaking near Dione's L shell with values similar to that found from Voyager plasma observations. We are able to show that water molecules are the dominant source of ions within Saturn's inner magnetosphere. We estimate the ion production rate S-ION similar to 10(27) ions/s as function of dipole L using NH+, Nw+ and the time scale for ion loss due to radial transport tau(D) and ion-electron recombination tau(REC). The ion production shows localized peaks near the L shells of Tethys, Dione and Rhea, but not Enceladus. We then estimate the neutral production rate, S-w, from our ion production rate, S-ION, and the time scale for loss of neutrals by ionization, tau(ION), and charge exchange, tau(CH). The estimated source rate for water molecules shows a pronounced peak near Enceladus' L shell L similar to 4, with a value S-w similar to 2 x 10(28) mol/s. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sittler, E. C.; Burger, M.; Hartle, R. E.; Chornay, D.; Shappirio, M. D.; Simpson, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Andre, N.] ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Blanc, M.] Ctr Etudes Spatial Rayounnements, Toulouse, France. [Johnson, R. E.; Smith, H. T.; Baragiola, R. A.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Rymer, A.] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Labs, Baltimore, MD USA. [Reisenfeld, D.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Thomsen, M. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Persoon, A.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Dougherty, M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Blackett Lab, London, England. [McComas, D. J.; Young, D. T.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Sittler, EC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Edward.C.Sittler@nasa.gov RI Coates, Andrew/C-2396-2008; Reisenfeld, Daniel/F-7614-2015; Smith, Howard/H-4662-2016 OI Coates, Andrew/0000-0002-6185-3125; Smith, Howard/0000-0003-3537-3360 NR 36 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 3 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2007.06.006 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 261UN UT WOS:000253105600002 ER PT J AU Borucki, WJ Whitten, RC AF Borucki, W. J. Whitten, R. C. TI Influence of high abundances of aerosols on the electrical conductivity of the Titan atmosphere SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Assembly of the European-Geosciences-Union CY APR 02-07, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Geosci Union ID PHYSICAL MODEL; CLOUDS; HAZE; PREDICTIONS AB Observations of optical depth and scattering by instrumentation onboard the Huygens probe have been used by Tomasko et al. [Tomasko et al., 2005. Rain, winds and haze during Huygens probe's descent to Titan's surface. Nature 438 (8), 765-778] to deduce that the size and abundance of Titan aerosols could be nearly independent of altitude. Here we show that by assuming a constant mass flux with altitude and using the measured optical depth as a constraint, we obtain more realistic size and abundance distributions. In particular, the calculated abundance decreases from 3.5 x 10(7) m(-3) at 100 km to 8 x 10(6) m(-3) near the surface while the particle radius varies from 0.25 mu m at 150 km to 1.1 mu m at the surface. These distributions are consistent with the reported measurements for these quantities. Our results are then employed to compute electron and ion densities and conductivities for various solar UV photoelectron emission thresholds. Our model shows that to get agreement with the published (preliminary) conductivity measurements, photoemission cannot be an important source of electrons and ions. To get agreement with the electron and ion conductivity observations, both an additional population of aerosol embryos above 50 km and a trace amount of an electrophillic molecular species below 50 km are needed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Borucki, W. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Whitten, R. C.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Borucki, WJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM william.J.borucki@nasa.gov NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2007.03.013 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 261UN UT WOS:000253105600003 ER PT J AU Paganelli, F Janssen, MA Lopes, RM Stofan, E Wall, SD Loren, RD Lunine, JI Kirk, RL Roth, L Elachi, C AF Paganelli, F. Janssen, M. A. Lopes, R. M. Stofan, E. Wall, S. D. Lorenz, R. D. Lunine, J. I. Kirk, R. L. Roth, L. Elachi, C. CA Cassini Radar Team TI Titan's surface from the Cassini RADAR radiometry data during SAR mode SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Assembly of the European-Geosciences-Union CY APR 02-07, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Geosci Union DE Titan; SAR; high-resolution radiometry; surface features; physical properties AB We present initial results on the calibration and interpretation of the high-resolution radiometry data acquired during the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode (SAR-radiometry) of the Cassini Radar Mapper during its first five flybys of Saturn's moon Titan. We construct maps of the brightness temperature at the 2-cm wavelength coincident with SAR swath imaging. A preliminary radiometry calibration shows that brightness temperature in these maps varies from 64 to 89 K. Surface features and physical properties derived from the SAR-radiometry maps and SAR imaging are strongly correlated; in general, we find that surface features with high radar reflectivity are associated with radiometrically cold regions, while surface features with low radar reflectivity correlate with radiometrically warm regions. We examined scatterplots of the normalized radar cross-section sigma(0) versus brightness temperature, outlining signatures that characterize various terrains and surface features. The results indicate that volume scattering is important in many areas of Titan's surface, particularly Xanadu, while other areas exhibit complex brightness temperature variations consistent with variable slopes or surface material and compositional properties. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Paganelli, F.; Janssen, M. A.; Lopes, R. M.; Wall, S. D.; Roth, L.; Elachi, C.] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Stofan, E.] Proxemy Res, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. [Lorenz, R. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Space, Appl Phys Lab, Explorat Grp, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Lunine, J. I.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lunine, J. I.] INAF, IFSI, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Paganelli, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM flora.paganelli@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 100 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2007.03.015 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 261UN UT WOS:000253105600006 ER PT J AU Leyrat, C Spilker, LJ Altobelli, N Pilorz, S Ferrari, C AF Leyrat, Cedric Spilker, Linda J. Altobelli, Nicolas Pilorz, Stuart Ferrari, Cecile TI Infrared observations of Saturn's rings by Cassini CIRS: Phase angle and local time dependence SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Assembly of the European-Geosciences-Union CY APR 02-07, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Geosci Union DE Saturn; rings; Cassini CIRS; data reduction techniques ID THERMAL EMISSION; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; WAKES; MODEL AB Since the Saturn orbit insertion (SOI) of the Cassini spacecraft, in July 2004, the Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) has obtained a large number of thermal infrared spectra of Saturn's rings. Over the two and a half years of observations to date, ring temperatures were retrieved for a large range of unique geometries, inaccessible from Earth. Understanding their dependencies with phase angle and local time is a clue to understanding the thermal properties and dynamics of Saturn's ring particles. Azimuthal scans of rings, which have been obtained by CIRS at constant radial distance from the planet, have been planned to measure ring temperature variations with local hour angle. Over 47 azimuthal scans for Saturn's main rings (A, B, C and Cassini Division) have been retrieved to date, on both lit and unlit sides, at different phase angles and spacecraft elevations. The first measurements of the transient thermal episode of eclipse cooling in the planetary shadow have also been obtained for all three rings. In this paper, we present an overview of all azimuthal scans obtained by the Cassini/CIRS instrument so far and the dependencies of the temperature and the filling factor with the phase angle and the local hour angle. The ring temperature varies with longitude as the input heating flux coming from Saturn and the Sun changes. The decrease in temperature with the increasing phase angle on both the lit and the unlit sides and for most of the local time also suggests the presence of slowly rotating particles. The crossing of the planet's shadow generates drastic azimuthal variations in temperature, up to 20 K in the C ring. The strong anisotropy of emission observed outside the shadow between low and high phase angles decreases when ring particles cross the shadow, suggesting that particles are almost isothermal in the shadow. This suggests a thermal inertia associated with a rotating rate of particles low enough to have a thermal contrast on their surface. The temperature in the B ring is less sensitive to the phase angle effect on the lit side, suggesting that particles are close enough to form a flat layer at a scale larger than the particle's radius. On the unlit side, particles in the B ring are less sensitive to the lack of solar input than in the C ring or in the A ring. Azimuthal variations of the filling factor in the A ring are also detected with changing ring local time. This effect might be created by the presence of gravitational instabilities (wakes). (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Leyrat, Cedric; Spilker, Linda J.; Altobelli, Nicolas; Pilorz, Stuart] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Ferrari, Cecile] Univ Paris 07, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, UMR,AIM, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Leyrat, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. EM cedric.leyrat@jpl.nasa.gov RI Ferrari, Cecile/P-9735-2016 OI Ferrari, Cecile/0000-0001-5962-7439 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 117 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2007.04.020 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 261UN UT WOS:000253105600008 ER PT J AU Altobelli, N Spilker, LJ Leyrat, C Pilorz, S AF Altobelli, Nicolas Spilker, Linda J. Leyrat, Cedric Pilorz, Stuart TI Thermal observations of Saturn's main rings by Cassini CIRS: Phase, emission and solar elevation dependence SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Assembly of the European-Geosciences-Union CY APR 02-07, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Geosci Union DE Saturn's rings; infrared; Cassini; Cassini composite infrared spectrometer; data reduction techniques; thermal ring measurements ID SYSTEM AB Two and a half years after Saturn orbit insertion (SOI) the Cassini composite infrared spectrometer (CIRS) has acquired an extensive set of thermal measurements (including physical temperature and filling factor) of Saturn's main rings for a number of different viewing geometries, most of which are not available from Earth. Thermal mapping of both the lit and unlit faces of the rings is being performed within a multidimensional observation space that includes solar phase angle, spacecraft elevation and solar elevation. Comprehensive thermal snapping is a key requirement for detailed modeling of ring thermal properties. To first order, the largest temperature changes on the lit face of the rings are driven by variations in phase angle while differences in temperature with changing spacecraft elevation are a secondary effect. Ring temperatures decrease with increasing phase angle suggesting a population of slowly rotating ring particles [Spilker, L.J., Pilorz, S.H., Wallis, B.D., Pearl, J.C., Cuzzi, J.N., Brooks, S.M., Altobelli. N.. Edgington, S.G., Showalter, M., Michael Flasar, F., Ferrari, C., Leyrat, C. 2006. Cassini thermal observations of Saturn's main rings: implications for particle rotation and vertical mixing. Planet. Space Sci. 54, 1167-1176, doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2006.05.033]. Both lit A and B rings show that temperature decreases with decreasing rings solar elevation while temperature changes in the C ring and Cassini Division are more muted. Variations in the geometrical filling factor, beta, are primarily driven by changes in spacecraft elevation. For the optically thinnest region of the C ring, [3 variations are found to be nearly exclusively determined by spacecraft elevation. Both a multilayer and a monolayer model provide an excellent fit to the data in this region. to both cases, a ring infrared emissivity >0.9 is required. together with a random and homogeneous distribution of the particles. The interparticle shadowing function required for the monolayer model is very well constrained by our data and matches experimental measurements performed by Froidevaux [1981a. Saturn's rings: infrared brightness variation with solar elevation. Icarus 46, 4-17]. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Altobelli, Nicolas; Spilker, Linda J.; Leyrat, Cedric; Pilorz, Stuart] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Altobelli, N (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 230-205, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM nicolas.altobelli@sciops.esa.int NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 134 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2007.05.029 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 261UN UT WOS:000253105600009 ER PT J AU Nielsen, KLC Hill, DJT Watson, KA Connell, JW Ikeda, S Kudo, H Whittaker, AK AF Nielsen, Kresten L. C. Hill, David J-T. Watson, Kent A. Connell, John W. Ikeda, Shigetoshi Kudo, Hisaaki Whittaker, Andrew K. TI The radiation degradation of a nanotube-polyimide nanocomposite SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE SWNT; carbon nanotubes; polyimide; LaRC CP-2; tensile; UV-Vis spectroscopy ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTROSTATIC CHARGE MITIGATION; IONIZING-RADIATION; POLYMER COMPOSITES; GAMMA-RADIATION; FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; DISPERSION; PROTON AB The radiation degradation of a nanotube-polyimide nanocomposite was studied. Radiation chemistry was observed that was not present in the unmodified polymer or in the imbedded single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) themselves. The tensile properties were found to be improved by the addition of SWNTs in the unirradiated materials, and no deterioration in these properties with irradiation was observed. The SWNTs were found to have a detrimental effect on the optical properties however. The transparency of the composite was degraded significantly faster by electron-beam radiation than the neat polymer was. This may make the SWNT/polyimide composites unsuitable for some space applications. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measurements determined that the SWNTs interfere with the radical chemistry in the irradiated materials. This could be due to energy dissipation by the SWNT network, preventing the formation of radical species, or alternatively, preferential reaction or termination of radicals by the nanotubes. FT-Raman spectroscopy was found to be a very useful tool for examining SWNTs embedded at low concentrations. It revealed no signs of SWNT degradation up to 10 MGy. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nielsen, Kresten L. C.; Hill, David J-T.; Whittaker, Andrew K.] Univ Queensland, Australian Inst Bioengn & Nanotechnol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Nielsen, Kresten L. C.; Hill, David J-T.; Whittaker, Andrew K.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Magnet Resonance, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Watson, Kent A.] NIA, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Connell, John W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Ikeda, Shigetoshi; Kudo, Hisaaki] Univ Tokyo, Nucl Professional Sch, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191188, Japan. RP Whittaker, AK (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Australian Inst Bioengn & Nanotechnol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM andrew.whittaker@cmr.uq.edu.au RI Nielsen, Kres/M-8962-2015; Whittaker, Andrew/E-6172-2011 OI Nielsen, Kres/0000-0001-6375-684X; Whittaker, Andrew/0000-0002-1948-8355 NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 93 IS 1 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.10.010 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 264RB UT WOS:000253305500021 ER PT S AU Mukai, K Orio, M Della Valle, M AF Mukai, Koji Orio, Marina Della Valle, Massimo BE Bandyopadhyay, RM Wachter, S Gelino, D Gelino, CR TI Novae as a class of transient X-ray sources SO POPULATION EXPLOSION: THE NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF X-RAY BINARIES IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nature and Evolution of X-Ray Binaries in Diverse Environments CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2007 CL St Pete Beach, FL SP Natl Sci Fdn, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Univ Florida, Off Res, Univ Florida, Dept Astronomy ID GALACTIC-CENTER; RS-OPHIUCHI; GALAXY; POPULATION; M31 AB Several X-ray transients with peak luminosities in the 10(34)-10(35) ergss(-1) range have been discovered with Chandra and XMM-Newton. It has been claimed that the measured luminosities are too high for these transients to be accreting white dwarf binaries. While it is true that accretion onto white dwarfs does not generate such high luminosities, nuclear fusion does. We show that many, if not all, classical novae are transient 2-10 keV X-ray sources with a peak luminosity in excess of 10(34) ergss(-1). We then estimate the number of classical novae that can be detected in XMM-Newton monitoring of the Galactic Center region, and conclude that classical novae can be a viable subpopulation of faint Galactic Center transients. C1 [Mukai, Koji] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mukai, Koji] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Orio, Marina] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Orio, Marina] INAF, Osservatorio Astronom Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Orio, Marina; Della Valle, Massimo] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Della Valle, Massimo] INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Della Valle, Massimo] Int Ctr Relativist Astrophys, I-65122 Pescara, Italy. RP Mukai, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0530-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1010 BP 143 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHU64 UT WOS:000256528600028 ER PT S AU Bradshaw, CF Titarchuk, L Kuznetsov, S AF Bradshaw, Charles F. Titarchuk, Lev Kuznetsov, Sergey BE Bandyopadhyay, RM Wachter, S Gelino, D Gelino, CR TI Correlations between X-ray spectra and kHz QPOS in Sco X-1 SO POPULATION EXPLOSION: THE NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF X-RAY BINARIES IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nature and Evolution of X-Ray Binaries in Diverse Environments CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2007 CL St Pete Beach, FL SP Natl Sci Fdn, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Univ Florida, Off Res, Univ Florida, Dept Astronomy AB Recent analysis of the RXTE X-ray spectra of Sco X-1 discovered that Sco X-1 can be adequately modeled by a simple two-component model of Compton up-scattering with a soft photon electron temperature of about 0.4 keV, plus an Iron K-line. The results show a strong correlation between spectral power law index and kHz laPOs. Sco X-1 is the prototypical Z-source low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) system radiating near the Eddington limit. This radiation produces a high radiation pressure in its Compton cloud. We infer that the radiation pressure produces a geometrical configuration of the cloud that is quasi-spherical. We conclude that the high Thomson optical depth of the Compton cloud, in the range of 5-6 from the best-fit model parameters, is consistent with the neutron star's surface being obscured by material, which would likely suppress a spin frequency of Sco X-1 due to photon scattering off cloud electrons. We also demonstrate the evolution of its power spectrum when Sco X-1 transitions from the horizontal branch to the normal branch. C1 [Bradshaw, Charles F.] MITRE Corp, McLean, VA 22102 USA. [Bradshaw, Charles F.; Titarchuk, Lev] George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] US Naval, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kuznetsov, Sergey] Univ Calif Riverside, ISPP, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Kuznetsov, Sergey] Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow R-117997, Russia. RP Bradshaw, CF (reprint author), MITRE Corp, McLean, VA 22102 USA. EM cbradshaw@mitre.org; ltitarchuk@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; sergeyk@ucr.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0530-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1010 BP 180 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHU64 UT WOS:000256528600038 ER PT S AU Farrell, SA Barret, D Skinner, G AF Farrell, Sean A. Barret, Didier Skinner, Gerald BE Bandyopadhyay, RM Wachter, S Gelino, D Gelino, CR TI A Swift BAT look at super-orbital X-ray binaries SO POPULATION EXPLOSION: THE NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF X-RAY BINARIES IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nature and Evolution of X-Ray Binaries in Diverse Environments CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2007 CL St Pete Beach, FL SP Natl Sci Fdn, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Univ Florida, Off Res, Univ Florida, Dept Astronomy ID WARPED ACCRETION DISCS; 4U 1820-30; VARIABILITY; 4U-1636-53; PERIODS; RXTE AB We present the results of a study with the Swift Burst Alert Telescope in the 14 - 195 keV range of the long-term variability of 5 low mass X-ray binaries with reported or suspected super-orbital periods - 4U 1636-536, 4U 1820-303, 4U 1916-053, Cyg X-2 and Sco X-1. No significant periodic modulation was detected around the previously reported values in the 4U 1916-053, Cyg X-2 or Sco X-1 light curves. The similar to 170 d period of 4U 1820-303 was detected up to 24 keV, consistent with the proposed triple system model. The similar to 46 d period in 4U 1636-536 was detected up to 100 keV, clearly inconsistent with variable photoelectric absorption via a warped precessing disc. We speculate that the appearance of this modulation after 4U 1636-536 entered the low/hard state indicates that this variability could be linked to jet precession such as observed in SS 433. C1 [Farrell, Sean A.; Barret, Didier] CNRS, Ctr Etude Spatiale Rayonnements, UPS, 9 Ave Colonel Roche, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Skinner, Gerald] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Skinner, Gerald] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CREST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Farrell, SA (reprint author), CNRS, Ctr Etude Spatiale Rayonnements, UPS, 9 Ave Colonel Roche, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0530-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1010 BP 189 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHU64 UT WOS:000256528600041 ER PT S AU Hornschemeier, AE Heckman, T Ptak, A Grimes, J Strickland, D Salim, S Rich, RM Mallery, R AF Hornschemeier, Ann E. Heckman, Timothy Ptak, Andrew Grimes, John Strickland, David Salim, Samir Rich, R. Michael Mallery, Ryan BE Bandyopadhyay, RM Wachter, S Gelino, D Gelino, CR TI X-ray emission from ultraviolet luminous galaxies SO POPULATION EXPLOSION: THE NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF X-RAY BINARIES IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nature and Evolution of X-Ray Binaries in Diverse Environments CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2007 CL St Pete Beach, FL SP Natl Sci Fdn, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Univ Florida, Off Res, Univ Florida, Dept Astronomy ID LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; FORMATION RATE INDICATOR; FIELD-NORTH SURVEY; FORMATION RATES; COMA-CLUSTER; DEEP SURVEY; POPULATIONS; REDSHIFT; REGION AB In this proceedings, we connect studies of accreting binary populations in nearby galaxies to the study of galaxies in the more distant reaches of the Universe. We focus on a population of GALEX-selected Ultraviolet-Luminous Galaxies (UVLGs) that appear to include an interesting subset that are analogs to the distant (3 < z < 4) Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs). The 2-10 keV X-ray emission of LBGs appear to be broadly similar to that of galaxies in the local Universe, possibly indicating similarity in the production of accreting binaries over large evolutionary timescales in the Universe. Given the very large distances to the LBGs, we have elected to use the UVLGs as possible local-Universe LBG analogs. This technique is showing promise: we have detected luminous X-ray emission from one UVLG that permits basic X-ray spectroscopic analysis, and have direct X-ray constraints on a total of 6 UVLGs including one well-defined upper limit. Although the numbers are small now, we know that this population of X-ray emitting galaxies is just the beginning of ultimately what will be another 'population explosion' (the theme for this conference). Star-forming galaxies (as opposed to AGN) will ultimately be the most numerous class of X-ray emitting extragalactic sources in surveys by future large collecting area, high angular resolution X-ray observatories such as Generation-X. We close with some implications for the design of next-generation observatories that arise from studying this population. C1 [Hornschemeier, Ann E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Xray Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Heckman, Timothy; Ptak, Andrew; Grimes, John; Strickland, David] Johns Hopkins Univ, Henry A Rowland Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Salim, Samir] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Rich, R. Michael; Mallery, Ryan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Hornschemeier, AE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Xray Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Salim, Samir/0000-0003-2342-7501 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0530-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1010 BP 291 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHU64 UT WOS:000256528600063 ER PT S AU Sivakoff, GR Jordan, A Juett, AM Sarazin, CL Irwin, JA AF Sivakoff, Gregory R. Jordan, Andres Juett, Adrienne M. Sarazin, Craig L. Irwin, Jimmy A. BE Bandyopadhyay, RM Wachter, S Gelino, D Gelino, CR TI Variable low-mass X-ray binaries in early-type galaxies SO POPULATION EXPLOSION: THE NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF X-RAY BINARIES IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nature and Evolution of X-Ray Binaries in Diverse Environments CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2007 CL St Pete Beach, FL SP Natl Sci Fdn, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Univ Florida, Off Res, Univ Florida, Dept Astronomy ID GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; 4TH EDITION; BLACK-HOLE; NGC-4697; SPECTRUM; DISTANCE; CATALOG AB As the Chandra X-ray Observatory mission matures, increasing numbers of nearby galaxies axe being observed multiple times, sampling the variability of extragalactic X-ray binaries on timescales extending from seconds to years. We present results on luminous low-mass X-ray binaries from several early-type galaxies. We show that instantaneous LMXB luminosity functions of early-type galaxies do not significantly change between observations; a relatively low fraction of sources are strongly variable on less than or similar to 5yr timescales. We discuss the implications that a relatively small number of transient LMXBs are being discovered in early-type galaxies. C1 [Sivakoff, Gregory R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jordan, Andres] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Juett, Adrienne M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sarazin, Craig L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Irwin, Jimmy A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Sivakoff, GR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Sivakoff, Gregory/G-9602-2011 OI Sivakoff, Gregory/0000-0001-6682-916X FU NASA through Chandra Award [GO4-5093X, AR4-5008X, GO5-6086X, GO6-7091X, GO7-8078X, GO7-8105X]; ARCS fellowship through HST Award [HST-GO-10003.01-A, HST-GO-10582.02-A, HST-GO-10597.03-A, HST-GO-10835.01-A] FX I would like to thank the HST-ACS Virgo Cluster Survey Team and the Centaurus A Very Large Project Team. Support for this work was provided by NASA through Chandra Award Numbers GO4-5093X, AR4-5008X, and GO5-6086X, GO6-7091X, GO7-8078X, and GO7-8105X, through HST Award Numbers HST-GO-10003.01-A, HST-GO-10582.02-A, HST-GO-10597.03-A, and HST-GO-10835.01-A by an ARCS fellowship, and by the F. H. Levinson Fund. I would like to thank the conference organizers for their hard work in making this stimulating conference a success. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0530-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1010 BP 308 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHU64 UT WOS:000256528600066 ER PT B AU Gull, TR AF Gull, Theodore R. BE Richichi, A Delplancke, F Paresce, F Chelli, A TI The Ejecta of Eta Carinae: What we have learned from space telescope Imaging spectrograph and the ultraviolet echelle spectrograph SO POWER OF OPTICAL/IR INTERFEROMETRY: RECENT SCIENTIFIC RESULTS AND 2ND GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO Workshop 2005 CY APR 04-08, 2005 CL Garching, GERMANY ID HOMUNCULUS-NEBULA; EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; VARIABILITY; ABSORPTION; SPECTRUM; SHAPE; WIND AB Between 1997.0 and 2004.3, a series of observations were accomplished with the Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (HST/STIS) and from 2002.9 to 2005.3 with the Very Large Telescope/Ultraviolet Echelle Spectrograph (VLT/UVES). Coordinated observations were also done with RXTE, CHANDRA, FUSE and several ground-based telescopes. Much new information has been obtained about this Luminous Blue Variable (LBV) which appears to be a binary star system with at least one component being in very late stages of CNO-burning. These observations are summarized with intent on suggesting future observations with the VLT and VLT(I) especially during the upcoming apastron (2006.25) and periastron (2009.0). C1 [Gull, Theodore R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ExoPlanets & Stellar Astrophys, Explorat Universe Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gull, TR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ExoPlanets & Stellar Astrophys, Explorat Universe Div, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Gull, Theodore/D-2753-2012 OI Gull, Theodore/0000-0002-6851-5380 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-74253-1 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2008 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74256-2_16 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGZ08 UT WOS:000251420400016 ER PT B AU Wallace, DJ Rajagopal, J Barry, R Richardson, LJ Lopez, B Chesneau, O Danchi, WC AF Wallace, D. J. Rajagopal, J. Barry, R. Richardson, L. J. Lopez, B. Chesneau, O. Danchi, W. C. BE Richichi, A Delplancke, F Paresce, F Chelli, A TI Mid-infrared spectrally-dispersed visibilities of massive stars observed with the MIDI instrument on the VLTI SO POWER OF OPTICAL/IR INTERFEROMETRY: RECENT SCIENTIFIC RESULTS AND 2ND GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO Workshop 2005 CY APR 04-08, 2005 CL Garching, GERMANY ID WOLF-RAYET STARS; DUST FORMATION; AG CARINAE; NEBULA AB The mechanism driving dust production in massive stars remains somewhat mysterious. However, recent aperture-masking and interferometric observations of late-type WC Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars strongly support the theory that dust formation in these objects is a result of colliding winds in binaries. Consistent with this theory, there is also evidence that suggests the prototypical Luminous Blue Variable (LBV) star, Eta Carinae, is a binary. To explore and quantify this possible explanation, we have conducted a high resolution interferometric survey of late-type massive stars utilizing the VLTI, Keck, and IOTA interferometers. We present here the motivation for this study as well as the first results from the MIDI instrument on the VLTI. (Details of the Keck Interferometer and IOTA interferometer observations are discussed in this workshop by Rajagopal et al.). Our VLTI study is aimed primarily at resolving and characterizing the dust around the WC9 star WR 85a and the LBV WR 122, both dust-producing but at different phases of massive star evolution. The spectrally-dispersed visibilities obtained with the MIDI observations will provide the first steps towards answering many outstanding issues in our understanding of this critical phase of massive star evolution. C1 [Wallace, D. J.; Rajagopal, J.; Barry, R.; Richardson, L. J.; Danchi, W. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lopez, B.; Chesneau, O.] Observ Cote DAzur Bruno, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Wallace, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Debra.Wallace@gsfc.nasa.gov; Jayadev.Rajagopal@gsfc.nasa.gov; Richard.Barry@gsfc.nasa.gov; Bruno.Lopez@obs-nice.fr; olivierChesneau@obs-nice.fr; William.C.Danchi@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-74253-1 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2008 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74256-2_22 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGZ08 UT WOS:000251420400022 ER PT B AU Schieder, R Wirtz, D Sonnabend, G Eckart, A AF Schieder, R. Wirtz, D. Sonnabend, G. Eckart, A. BE Richichi, A Delplancke, F Paresce, F Chelli, A TI The potential of IR-heterodyne spectroscopy SO POWER OF OPTICAL/IR INTERFEROMETRY: RECENT SCIENTIFIC RESULTS AND 2ND GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO Workshop 2005 CY APR 04-08, 2005 CL Garching, GERMANY ID TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; VY-CANIS-MAJORIS; 10 MU-M; MIDINFRARED INTERFEROMETRY; SPECTRAL-LINES; SPECTROMETER; IRC+10216; EMISSION; RECEIVER; SILANE AB Infrared Heterodyne spectroscopy is a very attractive method for combining high frequency with high spatial resolution. At frequency resolutions R > 10(5) the sensitivity of heterodyne observations becomes comparable or even superior to direct detection methods. This is particularly of interest for detailed investigations of the cold interstellar gas for example. Important species like CH4, C2H2, or H-2 can be observed which are not detectable in the radio-wave regime. With tuneable Quantum Cascade lasers we have demonstrated that mid-IR heterodyne spectroscopy can be a very powerful method for astronomy. For antenna arrays heterodyne detection has particular advantages, since the losses for the distribution of the received signal into the many baselines in a multi-telescope arrangement are avoided. In addition, other losses like those in optical delay-lines do also not occur. C1 [Schieder, R.; Eckart, A.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys, Cologne, Germany. [Wirtz, D.] Philips Res Labs, Hamburg, Germany. [Sonnabend, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MA USA. RP Schieder, R (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Phys, Cologne, Germany. EM schieder@ph1.uni-koeln.de; daniel.wirtz@phillips.com; samstag@phl.uni-koeln.de; eckart@ph1.uni-koeln.de FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB494] FX We are grateful for the support during our observations at the McMath-Pierce solar observatory on Kitt Peak. This work was funded through the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through special grant SFB494. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-74253-1 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2008 BP 465 EP 471 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74256-2_53 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGZ08 UT WOS:000251420400053 ER PT B AU Rajagopal, J Wallace, D Barry, R Richardson, LJ Traub, W Danchi, WC AF Rajagopal, J. Wallace, D. Barry, R. Richardson, L. J. Traub, W. Danchi, W. C. BE Richichi, A Delplancke, F Paresce, F Chelli, A TI Near-infrared Keck Interferometer and IOTA closure phase observations of Wolf-Rayet stars SO POWER OF OPTICAL/IR INTERFEROMETRY: RECENT SCIENTIFIC RESULTS AND 2ND GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO Workshop 2005 CY APR 04-08, 2005 CL Garching, GERMANY ID PINWHEEL NEBULA; DUST AB We present first results from observations of a small sample of IR-bright Wolf-Rayet stars with the Keck Interferometer in the near-infrared, and with the IONIC beam three-telescope beam combiner at the Infrared and Optical Telescope Array (IOTA) observatory. The former results were obtained as part of shared-risk observations in commissioning the Keck Interferometer and form a subset of a high-resolution study of dust around Wolf-Rayet stars using multiple interferometers in progress in our group. The latter results are the first closure phase observations of these stars in the near-infrared in a separated telescope interferometer. Earlier aperture-masking observations with the Keck-I telescope provide strong evidence that dust-formation in late-type WC stars are a result of wind-wind collision in short-period binaries. Our program with the Keck interferometer seeks to further examine this paradigm at much higher resolution. We have spatially resolved the binary in the prototypical dusty WC type star WR 140. WR 137, another episodic dust-producing star, has been partially resolved for the first time, providing the first direct clue to its possible binary nature. We also include WN stars in our sample to investigate circumstellar dust in this other main sub-type of WRs. We have been unable to resolve any of these, indicating a lack of extended dust. Complementary observations using the MIDI instrument on the VLTI in the mid-infrared are presented in another contribution to this workshop. C1 [Rajagopal, J.; Wallace, D.; Barry, R.; Richardson, L. J.; Danchi, W. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Traub, W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rajagopal, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jayadev@iril.gsfc.nasa.gov; wtraub@cfa.harvard.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-74253-1 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2008 BP 511 EP 514 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74256-2_71 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGZ08 UT WOS:000251420400071 ER PT B AU Barry, RK Danchi, WC Rajagopal, J Richardson, LJ Kuchner, M Wallace, D Chambers, VJ Martino, A Traub, W Ford, H Allen, RJ Seager, S AF Barry, R. K. Danchi, W. C. Rajagopal, J. Richardson, L. J. Kuchner, M. Wallace, D. Chambers, V. J. Martino, A. Traub, W. Ford, H. Allen, R. J. Seager, S. BE Richichi, A Delplancke, F Paresce, F Chelli, A TI The NAME Fourier Kelvi NAME Stellar Interferometer TB A progress report and preliminary results from our laboratory testbed SO POWER OF OPTICAL/IR INTERFEROMETRY: RECENT SCIENTIFIC RESULTS AND 2ND GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO Workshop 2005 CY APR 04-08, 2005 CL Garching, GERMANY AB The Fourier-Kelvin Stellar Interferometer (FKSI) is a passively cooled, space-borne interferometer that has been developed for high angular resolution astrophysics in the near-to-mid IR wavelength range (3-8 microns). The scientific emphasis of the mission is on the direct detection of extrasolar giant planets, characterization of their atmospheres, and observation of secular changes in their atmospheric spectra. FKSI will also facilitate the search for brown dwarfs and Jupiter and sub-Jupiter mass planets and the study of the evolution of protostellar systems from the collapse of the precursor molecular cloud core through the formation of the disk surrounding the protostar, the formation of planets in the disk, and subsequent dispersal of the disk material. FKSI could also play a powerful role in the investigation of the structure of active galactic nuclei and extra-galactic star formation. While FKSI is a high angular resolution system complementary to JWST, it is also an important scientific and technological pathfinder for the TPF Interferometer and Darwin missions as well as NASA Vision missions SPIRIT, SPECS, and SAFIR. C1 [Barry, R. K.; Danchi, W. C.; Rajagopal, J.; Richardson, L. J.; Kuchner, M.; Wallace, D.; Chambers, V. J.; Martino, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Traub, W.; Ford, H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Allen, R. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Seager, S.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Barry, RK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM richard.k.barry@nasa.gov RI Kuchner, Marc/E-2288-2012 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-74253-1 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2008 BP 547 EP 549 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74256-2_85 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGZ08 UT WOS:000251420400085 ER PT B AU Richardson, LJ Seager, S Deming, D Harrington, J Barry, RK Rajagopal, J Danchi, WC AF Richardson, L. J. Seager, S. Deming, D. Harrington, J. Barry, R. K. Rajagopal, J. Danchi, W. C. BE Richichi, A Delplancke, F Paresce, F Chelli, A TI Infrared light curves and the detectability of close-in extrasolar giant planets SO POWER OF OPTICAL/IR INTERFEROMETRY: RECENT SCIENTIFIC RESULTS AND 2ND GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO Workshop 2005 CY APR 04-08, 2005 CL Garching, GERMANY C1 [Richardson, L. J.; Barry, R. K.; Rajagopal, J.; Danchi, W. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Seager, S.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Deming, D.] NASA, GSFC, Planetary Syst Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Harrington, J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Richardson, LJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Lee.J.Richardson.1@gsfc.nasa.gov; seager@dtm.ciw.edu; ddeming@pop600.gsfc.nasa.gov; jh@oobleck.astro.cornell.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-74253-1 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2008 BP 561 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74256-2_89 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGZ08 UT WOS:000251420400089 ER PT B AU Berger, JP Haguenauer, P Kern, P Lebouquin, JB Jocou, L Perraut, K Malbet, F Delboulbe, A Benisty, M Labeye, P Schanen, I Monnier, J Millan-Gabet, R Pedretti, E Traub, W Schoeller, M Glindemann, A AF Berger, J. -P. Haguenauer, P. Kern, P. Lebouquin, J. -B. Jocou, L. Perraut, K. Malbet, F. Delboulbe, A. Benisty, M. Labeye, P. Schanen, I. Monnier, J. Millan-Gabet, R. Pedretti, E. Traub, W. Schoeller, M. Glindemann, A. BE Richichi, A Delplancke, F Paresce, F Chelli, A TI VITRUV precursors: IONIC2T/IONIC3T SO POWER OF OPTICAL/IR INTERFEROMETRY: RECENT SCIENTIFIC RESULTS AND 2ND GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO Workshop 2005 CY APR 04-08, 2005 CL Garching, GERMANY ID INTEGRATED-OPTICS; ASTRONOMICAL INTERFEROMETRY; BEAM COMBINER; VLTI; BAND C1 [Berger, J. -P.; Kern, P.; Lebouquin, J. -B.; Jocou, L.; Perraut, K.; Malbet, F.; Delboulbe, A.; Benisty, M.] LAOG, Rue Piscine, F-38400 St Martin Dheres, France. [Haguenauer, P.] JPL, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Labeye, P.] CEA, LETI, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. [Schanen, I.] IMEP, F-38016 Grenoble 1, France. [Monnier, J.; Pedretti, E.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, CA 48109 USA. [Millan-Gabet, R.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Traub, W.] Harvard Smithsonian CtA, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schoeller, M.; Glindemann, A.] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Berger, JP (reprint author), LAOG, Rue Piscine, F-38400 St Martin Dheres, France. EM berger@obs.ujf-grenob1e.fr NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-74253-1 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2008 BP 589 EP 591 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74256-2_101 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGZ08 UT WOS:000251420400101 ER PT S AU Jin, HQ Chapman, B Huang, L AF Jin, Haoqiang Chapman, Barbara Huang, Lei BE Chapman, B Zheng, W Gao, GR Sato, M Ayguade, E Wang, D TI Performance evaluation of a multi-zone application in different OpenMP approaches SO PRACTICAL PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR THE MULTI-CORE ERA, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on OpenMP (IWOMP) CY JUN 03-07, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA AB We describe a performance study of a multi-zone application benchmark implemented in several OpenMP approaches that exploit multi-level parallelism and deal with unbalanced workload. The multi-zone application was derived from the well-known NAS Parallel Benchmarks (NPB) suite that involves flow solvers on collections of loosely coupled discretization meshes. Parallel versions of this application have been developed using the Subteam concept and Workqueuing model as extensions to the current OpenMP. We examine the performance impact of these extensions to OpenMP on a large shared memory machine and compare with hybrid and nested OpenMP programming models. C1 [Jin, Haoqiang] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NAS Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Chapman, Barbara; Huang, Lei] Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. RP Jin, HQ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NAS Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM hjin@nas.nasa.gov; chapman@cs.uh.edu; leihuang@cs.uh.edu FU NAS FX The authors would like to acknowledge fruitful discussions with Johnny Chang, Robert Hood, Piyush Mehrotra, and support from the staff at NAS division for many experiments conducted on the NAS supercomputers. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-69302-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 4935 BP 25 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHW73 UT WOS:000257088300003 ER PT B AU Paulson, DB Pesnell, WD Deming, LD Snow, M Metcalfe, TS Woods, T Hesman, B AF Paulson, Diane B. Pesnell, W. Dean Deming, L. Drake Snow, Martin Metcalfe, Travis S. Woods, Tom Hesman, Brigette BE Santos, NC Pasquini, L Correia, ACM Romaniello, M TI Chromospheric lines as diagnostics of stellar oscillations SO PRECISION SPECTROSCOPY IN ASTROPHYSICS SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Spectroscopy in Astrophysics CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Aveiro, PORTUGAL SP ESO, Univ Lisbon, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Univ Aveiro ID INTERNAL GRAVITY-WAVES; SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; TRACE C1 [Paulson, Diane B.; Pesnell, W. Dean; Deming, L. Drake; Hesman, Brigette] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Snow, Martin; Woods, Tom] LASP, Boulder, CO USA. [Metcalfe, Travis S.] HAO NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. RP Paulson, DB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Pesnell, William/D-1062-2012; OI Pesnell, William/0000-0002-8306-2500; SNOW, MARTIN/0000-0001-9106-1332 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-75484-8 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2008 BP 311 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-75485-5_79 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHH85 UT WOS:000253366800079 ER PT B AU Hasan, H Daou, D Smith, D Dussault, M AF Hasan, Hashima Daou, Doris Smith, Denise Dussault, Mary BE Gibbs, MG Barnes, J Manning, JG Partridge, B TI Interacting with NASA Astronomy in the International Year of Astronomy 2009 SO PREPARING FOR THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY: A HANDS-ON SYMPOSIUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Related Workshops on International Year of Astronomy held in Conjunction with 212th Meeting of the American-Astronomical-Society CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Astron Soc AB Recognizing the potential of exciting the public and youngsters with the discoveries made by its space science missions and basic research, NASA has developed a vibrant Education and Public Outreach (EPO) program. In preparation for the International Year of Astronomy (IYA) 2009. NASA is lever-aging off its EPO efforts to prepare a menu of activities, aligned with the U.S. IYA themes, for greater public involvement. This talk will outline the NASA IYA website currently under development, a calendar of events, and a, sample of the kind of activities the public can be involved with. C1 [Hasan, Hashima; Daou, Doris] NASA Headquarters, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Smith, Denise] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Dussault, Mary] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hasan, H (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-672-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 400 BP 197 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIT66 UT WOS:000262627500026 ER PT B AU Eyermann, SE Hornschemeier, A Krishnamurthi, A Feaga, L AF Eyermann, S. E. Hornschemeier, A. Krishnamurthi, A. Feaga, L. BE Gibbs, MG Barnes, J Manning, JG Partridge, B TI Big Explosions and Strong Gravity: NASA/Girl Scout Project Searching for Nationwide Partners SO PREPARING FOR THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY: A HANDS-ON SYMPOSIUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Related Workshops on International Year of Astronomy held in Conjunction with 212th Meeting of the American-Astronomical-Society CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Astron Soc AB We are looking for national partners for our Big Explosions and Strong Gravity (BESG) Girl Scout collaboration. This is an activity designed to put real astronomers in the classroom; and was originally set into motion using money from the Chandra X.-ray Observatory EPO program. The girls who participate in this event; range from 11 to 17 years old. Although all the activities are gender-neutral, we have chosen girls due to their underrepresentation in science. We target, this age range due to the general decline in interest in math an(I science that occurs at or after children reach this critical age (meaning that we reach them early enough to have a positive effect). C1 [Eyermann, S. E.] SP Syst Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hornschemeier, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Astrophys Sci, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Krishnamurthi, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Astrophys Sci, CRESST, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Feaga, L.] Univ Maryland, Code 661, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Eyermann, SE (reprint author), SP Syst Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-672-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 400 BP 204 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIT66 UT WOS:000262627500027 ER PT B AU Gould, A Koch, D DeVore, E Harman, P AF Gould, Alan Koch, David DeVore, Edna Harman, Pamela BE Gibbs, MG Barnes, J Manning, JG Partridge, B TI New Ideas in Orreries and Planetary System Simulations SO PREPARING FOR THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY: A HANDS-ON SYMPOSIUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Related Workshops on International Year of Astronomy held in Conjunction with 212th Meeting of the American-Astronomical-Society CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Astron Soc AB The NASA Kepler EPO team has created models and simulations of planetary systems (orreries) to use in demonstrating the transit technique of finding exoplanets. The first successful orrery, consisting of a. three-planet orrery with an electric lamp (model star) at the center, and a Vernier light sensor system connected to a laptop computer with real-time graphing software, was first on display at; the Kepler booth at the 2006 AAS conference. That system was extended to a four-planet model (one planet; with a moon as well) and has been on display at marry astronomy and teacher education conferences in the past few years. Construction of duplicate models costs about $60 for LEGO (TM) parts, plus $100 or so for light sensor hardware and software. The LEGO (TM) orrery effort stemmed from successful work in creating a large museum-grade orrery that was used in the Planet-Finding portion of the "Alien Earths" exhibit; a collaboration of Space Science Institute. NSF, NASA Kepler mission EPO and other NASA EPO groups. Replication of that model would cost in the neighborhood of $25;000. In recent months; Kepler EPO has worked on design of a more rudimentary, inexpensive orrery made of cardboard; paper plates, wine corks, and rubber bands. Work is also underway on a new plastic-geared orrery for use in classrooms with a Full Option Science System (FOSS) Planetary Science Unit for middle school. This presentation relays results and status of these new developments in planetary model systems. C1 [Gould, Alan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Hall Sci 5200,Centennial Dr Grizzly Peak, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Koch, David] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [DeVore, Edna; Harman, Pamela] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Gould, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Hall Sci 5200,Centennial Dr Grizzly Peak, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-672-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 400 BP 230 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIT66 UT WOS:000262627500033 ER PT B AU Lochner, JC Mattson, BJ AF Lochner, James C. Mattson, Barbara J. BE Gibbs, MG Barnes, J Manning, JG Partridge, B TI Cosmic Times: Astronomy History and Science for the Classroom SO PREPARING FOR THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY: A HANDS-ON SYMPOSIUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Related Workshops on International Year of Astronomy held in Conjunction with 212th Meeting of the American-Astronomical-Society CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Astron Soc AB Cosmic Times is a series of curriculum support materials for grades 7-12 which teach the nature of science by exploring the history of our understanding of the universe during the past 100 years. Starting with the confirmation of Einstein's theory of gravity in 1919 to the current conundrum posed by the discovery of dark energy, Cosmic Times examines the discoveries, the theories, and the people involved in this changing understanding of the universe. Cosmic Times takes the form of six posters, each resembling the front page of a newspaper from a particular time in this history, with articles describing the discoveries. Each poster is accompanied by 4-5 classroom lessons which enable students to examine the science concepts behind the discoveries, develop techniques to improve science literacy, and investigate the nature of science using historical examples. Cosmic Times connects directly with the International Year of Astronomy theme of Astronomy in the Classroom, as well as the general theme of the impact of astronomy history. C1 [Lochner, James C.] CRESST USRA & NASA GSFC, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mattson, Barbara J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ADNET, Div Astrophys Sci, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lochner, JC (reprint author), CRESST USRA & NASA GSFC, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-672-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 400 BP 288 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIT66 UT WOS:000262627500045 ER PT B AU Cavaglia, M Hendry, M Ingram, D Milde, S Reitze, D Riles, K Schutz, B Stuver, AL Summerscales, T Thacker, J Torres, CV Ugolini, D Vallisneri, M Zermeno, A AF Cavaglia, M. Hendry, M. Ingram, D. Milde, S. Reitze, D. Riles, K. Schutz, B. Stuver, A. L. Summerscales, T. Thacker, J. Torres, C. V. Ugolini, D. Vallisneri, M. Zermeno, A. BE Gibbs, MG Barnes, J Manning, JG Partridge, B TI Gravitational-wave Astronomy: Opening a New Window on the Universe for Students, Educators and the Public SO PREPARING FOR THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY: A HANDS-ON SYMPOSIUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Related Workshops on International Year of Astronomy held in Conjunction with 212th Meeting of the American-Astronomical-Society CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Astron Soc AB The nascent field of gravitational-wave astronomy offers many opportunities for effective and inspirational astronomy outreach. Gravitational waves, the "ripples in space-time" predicted by Einstein's theory of General Relativity, are produced by some of the most energetic and dramatic phenomena in the cosmos; including black holes; neutron stars and supernovae. The detection of gravitational waves will help to address a. number of fundamental questions in physics, front the evolution of stars and galaxies to the origin of dark energy and the nature of space-time itself. Moreover, the cutting-edge technology developed to search for gravitational waves is pushing back the frontiers of many fields, from lasers and materials science to high performance computing, and thus provides a powerful showcase for the attractions and challenges of a career in science and engineering. For several years a worldwide network of ground-based laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors has been fully operational, including the two LIGO detectors in the United States. These detectors are already among the most sensitive scientific instruments on the planet and inn the next few years their sensitivity will achieve further significant improvement. Those developments promise to open art exciting new window on the universe; heralding the arrival of gravitational-wave astronomy as a. revolutionary, new observational field. In this paper we describe the extensive program of public outreach activities already undertaken by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, and a number of special events which we are planning for IYA2009. C1 [Cavaglia, M.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. [Hendry, M.] Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Ingram, D.] Hanford Observ Richland, LIGO, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Milde, S.] Milde Mrk Sci Commun, Hannover, Germany. [Reitze, D.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Riles, K.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Schutz, B.] Albert Einsten Inst, D-14476 Golm, Germany. [Stuver, A. L.; Thacker, J.; Torres, C. V.] LIGO Livingston Observ, Livingston, NJ 70754 USA. [Summerscales, T.] Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. [Torres, C. V.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Ugolini, D.] Trinity Univ, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. [Vallisneri, M.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Zermeno, A.] Univ Texas Brownsville, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. RP Cavaglia, M (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Schutz, Bernard/B-1504-2010 FU National Science Foundation and operates under cooperative [PHY-0107417]; National Science Foundation through LIGO Research Support (LSC) FX LIGO was constructed by the California Institute of Technology and Massachusetts Institute of Technology with funding from the National Science Foundation and operates under cooperative agreement PHY-0107417. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation through LIGO Research Support (LSC). This paper has LIGO Document Number LIGO-P080059-00-Z. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-672-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 400 BP 328 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIT66 UT WOS:000262627500054 ER PT B AU Krishnamurthi, A Eyermann, SE Mitchell, SE AF Krishnamurthi, Anita Eyermann, Sarah E. Mitchell, Sara E. BE Gibbs, MG Barnes, J Manning, JG Partridge, B TI Afterschool Universe: Bringing Astronomy Down to Earth SO PREPARING FOR THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY: A HANDS-ON SYMPOSIUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Related Workshops on International Year of Astronomy held in Conjunction with 212th Meeting of the American-Astronomical-Society CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Astron Soc AB We discuss "Afterschool Universe," an astronomy after-school program for middle-schoolers. The program explores basic astronomy concepts through engaging activities and takes participants on a journey through the universe beyond the solar system. By offering astronomy content in out-of-school-time where schedules are less constrained, we can engage students at this critical age in science they find naturally interesting. This is a. timely effort for the International Year of Astronomy as it can be used to introduce new audiences to astronomy during a period when we are attempting to raise the profile and level of interest in the universe around us. C1 [Krishnamurthi, Anita; Eyermann, Sarah E.; Mitchell, Sara E.] Univ Maryland, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Krishnamurthi, Anita; Eyermann, Sarah E.; Mitchell, Sara E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Krishnamurthi, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. FU NASA's; Chandra Educational and Public Outreach Small Grants program FX This program has been developed by the astrophysics science division at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The development has been supported primarily by NASA's Beyond Einstein program with additional support provided by the Chandra Educational and Public Outreach Small Grants program NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-672-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 400 BP 415 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIT66 UT WOS:000262627500071 ER PT B AU Cook, KB Watson, MD AF Cook, Koy B. Watson, Michael D. GP IEEE TI Development of a nanoscale directionally sensitive optical radiation sensor for guidance and control of nanorobotic space exploration systems - the VCELL SO PROCEEDINGS IEEE SOUTHEASTCON 2008, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE SoutheastCon 2008 CY APR 03-06, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP IEEE AB This paper will report on efforts to develop an enabling nanotechnology compatible directionally sensitive optical radiation sensor (WELL) prototype. The proposed sensor is a novel silicon optical sensor that is directionally sensitive to incident light without the usual necessity of requiring mechanical assemblies for directing impinging radiation. The WELL can be integrated into the front end of a single nanochip guidance system for future space exploration systems requiring extremely small size (mass constrained and power constrained) such as small robots, picosatellites and sensor networks, etc. The WELL will enable a low cost miniature optical sensor for future MSFC Mission Area applications. Among these are a Sun pointer for MARS satellites, landers and rovers and various other scientific spacecraft such as small communications satellites, remote sensing satellites, sun sensors for rovers for daylight directional navigation. C1 [Cook, Koy B.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Watson, Michael D.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Adv Sensors & Health Management Syst Branch, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Cook, KB (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Normal, AL 35762 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1883-1 PY 2008 BP 415 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHW78 UT WOS:000257094700087 ER PT S AU Smith, MH Havelund, K AF Smith, Margaret H. Havelund, Klaus TI Requirements Capture with RCAT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of International Requirements Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference CY SEP 08-12, 2008 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB NASA spends millions designing and building spacecraft for its missions. The dependence on software is growing as spacecraft become more complex. With the increasing dependence on software comes the risk that bugs can lead to the loss of a mission. At NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory new tools are being developed to address this problem. Logic model checking [9] and runtime verification [5] can increase the confidence in a design or an implementation. A barrier to the application of such property-based checks is the difficulty in mastering the requirements notations that are currently available. For these techniques to be easily usable, a simple but expressive requirement specification method is essential. This paper describes a requirements capture notation and supporting tool that graphically captures formal requirements and converts them into automata that can be used in model checking and for runtime verification. C1 [Smith, Margaret H.; Havelund, Klaus] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Smith, MH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM margaret@jpl.nasa.gov; klaus.havelund@jpl.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1097-0592 BN 978-0-7695-3309-4 J9 INT REQUIR ENG CONF PY 2008 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.1109/RE.2008.50 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIR83 UT WOS:000262361600022 ER PT S AU Feather, MS Hicks, KA Mackey, RM Uckun, S AF Feather, Martin S. Hicks, Kenneth A. Mackey, Ryan M. Uckun, Serdar TI Guiding Technology Deployment Decisions using a Quantitative Requirements Analysis Technique SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING CONFERENCE SE International Requirements Engineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference CY SEP 08-12, 2008 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB Successful and convincing operation of a prototype, deployed in a real setting, is a key step in advancement of many a new technology from research laboratory to real-world use. Often, however, such a deployment must be interjected into a pre-existing context Of ongoing activities, established designs and standard practices. That context can pose a number of obstacles, which if unaddressed can preclude success. Careful selection of what demonstration opportunities to pursue, and determination of how best to pursue them, are therefore crucial. A study was conducted to select and plan for deployment of prototypes of integrated system health management (ISHM) software on NASA spacecraft. The study itsetf utilized our seasoned technology maturation assessment process, based on a quantitative requirements analysis technique. However, this process is typically applied to scrutinize a single technology application at once. In this case there were a number of candidate deployment opportunities. Since it would have been tedious and time-consuming to consider each of them one-by-one, we adapted our assessment process to accommodate their simultaneous consideration. We relate our experience in doing this - the shortcuts we took, the similarities we exploited, and the workarounds we adopted to complete this study in a timely yet effective manner. C1 [Feather, Martin S.; Hicks, Kenneth A.; Mackey, Ryan M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Uckun, Serdar] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Feather, MS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Martin.S.Feather@jpl.nasa.gov; kenneth.A.Hicks@jpl.nasa.gov; Ryan.M.Mackey@jpl.nasa.gov; uckun@mail.arc.nasa.gov FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; OSMA; NASA ESMD FX The research described in this paper was carried out at NASA Ames Research Center and at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. In addition to the authors of this paper, the following individuals contributions were key to the success of the study reported herein: from NASA Ames, Scott Christa, Ann Patterson-Hine, Dougal Maclise, Robert Mah, Dwight Sanderfer and Mark Schwabacher; from JPL, Arthur Murphy. We also thank Steve Cornford (JPL), who invented the methodology that underpins the TIMA process and gave us valuable guidance in this study. Steve Cornford and Martin Feathers work at JPL to develop the methodology and the custom software that supports it was funded initially by NASA Code Q (now OSMA) and subsequently by NASA ESMD. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2332-6441 BN 978-0-7695-3309-4 J9 INT REQUIR ENG CONF PY 2008 BP 271 EP + DI 10.1109/RE.2008.37 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIR83 UT WOS:000262361600035 ER PT B AU Hsu, F AF Hsu, Feng BE Comley, RA Amavasai, BP Cheng, X OGrady, M Huyck, C Siddique, NH TI The Space Shuttle Probabilistic Risk Assessment Framework SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 7TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYBERNETIC INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Cybernetic Intelligent Systems CY SEP 09-10, 2008 CL Middlesex Univ, London, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc UK, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc Republic Ireland Chapter, Middlesex Univ, Sch Comp Sci HO Middlesex Univ DE Probabilistic Risk Assessment; System Safety & Mission Assurance AB This paper introduces a unique modeling framework for developing PRA of large and complex-engineered systems. such as used in the current Space Shuttle PRA tit NASA. With an overview of the specific methodology and techniques employed in the Space Shuttle PRA modeling process. the paper further describes a structured multi-phase and multi-level modeling approach (SMM). which is utilized to treat the overwhelming complexities of logic structure as well (is the logistics of model development, integration and quantification processes. It is demonstrated that flit, SMM modeling technique can be used as a simple and efficient alternative approach for PRA modeling of extremely large and complex engineered systems. It should be noted that the examples shown tire illustrative of the model features, but not necessarily of any detailed accident sequence produced by v the Space Shuttle PRA (SPRA) study. C1 NASA, JSC SAIC, Johnson Space Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Hsu, F (reprint author), NASA, JSC SAIC, Johnson Space Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM Feng.Hsu@NASA.GOV NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2914-1 PY 2008 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BJF89 UT WOS:000265482700001 ER PT S AU MacDougall, F Jow, R Ennis, J Yen, SPS Yang, XHC Ho, J AF MacDougall, Fred Jow, Richard Ennis, Joel Yen, S. P. S. Yang, X. H. Chip Ho, Janet BE Kirkici, H TI Pulsed Power Capacitors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATORS AND HIGH VOLTAGE CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Power Modulator Symposium/2008 High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has sponsored a capacitor development program for film-dielectric capacitors. The program has evaluated dielectric materials for high energy density capacitors from industrial and academic research programs. High-performance capacitors have been developed that meet the needs of today's military applications. The performance of recently developed capacitors will be discussed. C1 [MacDougall, Fred; Ennis, Joel; Yang, X. H. Chip] Gen Atom Elect Syst Inc, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. [Jow, Richard; Ho, Janet] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Yen, S. P. S.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP MacDougall, F (reprint author), Gen Atom Elect Syst Inc, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory [W911QX-04-D-0003] FX Portions of the research reported in this document/presentation were performed in connection with contract W911QX-04-D-0003 with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. The views and conclusions contained in this document/presentation are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as presenting the official policies or position, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government unless so designated by other authorized documents. Citation of manufacturers' or trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use thereof. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2380-808X BN 978-1-4244-1534-2 J9 IEEE INT POWER MODUL PY 2008 BP 167 EP + DI 10.1109/IPMC.2008.4743606 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BJC84 UT WOS:000264853400046 ER PT B AU Kizhner, S Patel, UD Kasa, RL Hestnes, P Brown, T Vootukuru, M AF Kizhner, Semion Patel, Umeshkumar D. Kasa, Robert L. Hestnes, Phyllis Brown, Tammy Vootukuru, Meg BE Keymeulen, D Arslan, T Seuss, M Stoica, A Erdogan, AT Merodio, D TI On convergence of development costs and cost models for complex spaceflight instrument electronics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 NASA/ESA CONFERENCE ON ADAPTIVE HARDWARE AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems CY JUN 22-25, 2008 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP NASA Jet Propuls Lab, European Space Agcy, Univ Edinburgh, European Res & Technol Ctr AB Development costs of a few recent spaceflight instrument electrical and electronics subsystems have diverged from respective heritage cost model predictions. The cost models used are Grass Roots, Price-H [1] and Parametric Model [3]. These cost models originated in the military and industry around 1970 and were successfully adopted and patched by NASA on a mission-by-mission basis for years [2]. However, the complexity of new instruments recently changed rapidly by orders of magnitude. This is most obvious in the complexity of representative spaceflight instrument electronics' data system. It is now required to perform intermediate processing of digitized data apart from conventional processing of science phenomenon signals from multiple detectors. This involves onboard instrument formatting of computational operands from row data (for example, images), multi-million operations per second on large volumes of data in reconfigurable hardware (in addition to processing on a general purpose embedded or stand-alone instrument flight computer), as well as making decisions for onboard system adaptation and resource reconfiguration. The conflict between the actual development cost of newer complex instruments and its electronics components' heritage cost model predictions seems to be irreconcilable. This conflict and an approach to its resolution are addressed in this paper by determining tire complexity parameters, complexity index, and their use in enhanced cost model. It is expected to facilitate farther enhancements to existing cost models, resulting in smaller difference (convergence) between the electronics' developmental and model predicted costs. C1 [Kizhner, Semion; Patel, Umeshkumar D.; Kasa, Robert L.; Hestnes, Phyllis; Brown, Tammy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Vootukuru, Meg] Syneren Technol Corp, Arlington, VA USA. RP Kizhner, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM Semion.Kizhner-1@nasa.gov; meg@syneren.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3166-3 PY 2008 BP 43 EP + DI 10.1109/AHS.2008.18 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIC69 UT WOS:000258428500006 ER PT B AU Keymeulen, D Stoica, A Zebulum, R Katkoori, S Fernando, P Sankaran, H Mojarradi, M Daud, T AF Keymeulen, Didier Stoica, Adrian Zebulum, Ricardo Katkoori, Srinivas Fernando, Pradeep Sankaran, Hariharan Mojarradi, Mohammad Daud, Taher BE Keymeulen, D Arslan, T Seuss, M Stoica, A Erdogan, AT Merodio, D TI Self-Reconfigurable Analog Array integrated circuit architecture for space applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 NASA/ESA CONFERENCE ON ADAPTIVE HARDWARE AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems CY JUN 22-25, 2008 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP NASA Jet Propuls Lab, European Space Agcy, Univ Edinburgh, European Res & Technol Ctr ID EVOLVABLE HARDWARE AB Development of analog electronics solutions for space avionics is expensive and time-consuming. Lack of flexible analog devices, counterparts to digital Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), prevents analog designers from the benefits of rapid prototyping. This forces them to expensive and lengthy custom design, fabrication, and qualfication of application specific integrated circuits (ASIC). The limitations come from two directions: first, commercial Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA) have very limited variability in the building block components offered on-chip (practically only one type of operational amplifiers/comparator per chip); and second, these are only qualified for best case scenarios for military grade (-55 degrees C to +125 degrees C). However, the analog circuitry required for sensing and control impose a larger component variability. Moreover, in order to avoid large overheads in mass, energy and wiring, there is a growing trend towards avoiding thermal and radiation protection by developing extreme environment electronics, i.e. electronics that maintain correct operation while directly exposed to temperature extremes e.g., on Moon (-180 degrees C to +125 degrees C). This paper describes a recent FPAA design, the Self-Reconfigurable Analog Array (SPAA) that was developed at JPL. It overcomes both limitations: a larger variety of analog building block components in the cells of the array and the possibility to operate over a wide range by compensating deviations due to temperature using a built in general purpose genetic algorithm (GA) engine as an JP core. C1 [Keymeulen, Didier; Stoica, Adrian; Zebulum, Ricardo; Mojarradi, Mohammad; Daud, Taher] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Katkoori, Srinivas; Fernando, Pradeep; Sankaran, Hariharan] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Keymeulen, D (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM didier.keymeulen@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX The work described in this chapter was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and was sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). We are grateful for encouragement and support from Project Manager Dr. Michael Watson from NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA Program Managers Dr. Mita Desai and Dr. Chris Moore and JPL Program Manager Elizabeth Kolawa NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3166-3 PY 2008 BP 83 EP + DI 10.1109/AHS.2008.68 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIC69 UT WOS:000258428500012 ER PT B AU Sreeramareddy, A Josiah, JG Akoglu, A Stoica, A AF Sreeramareddy, Adarsha Josiah, Jeff G. Akoglu, Ali Stoica, Adrian BE Keymeulen, D Arslan, T Seuss, M Stoica, A Erdogan, AT Merodio, D TI SCARS: Scalable self-configurable architecture for reusable space systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 NASA/ESA CONFERENCE ON ADAPTIVE HARDWARE AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems CY JUN 22-25, 2008 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP NASA Jet Propuls Lab, European Space Agcy, Univ Edinburgh, European Res & Technol Ctr DE reconfigurable hardware; partial reconfiguration; field programmable gate arrays; adaptive systems AB Creating an environment of "no doubt" for mission success is essential to most critical embedded applications. With reconfigurable devices such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), designers are provided with a seductive tool to use as a basis for sophisticated but highly reliable platforms. We propose a two-level self-healing methodology for increasing the probability of success in critical missions. Our proposed system first undertakes healing at node-level. Failing to rectify system at node-level, network-level healing is undertaken. We have designed a system based on Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGAs and Cirronet DM2200 wireless mesh nodes to demonstrate autonomous wireless healing capability among networked node devices. C1 [Sreeramareddy, Adarsha; Josiah, Jeff G.; Akoglu, Ali] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Stoica, Adrian] Jet Prop Lab, CALTECH, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Sreeramareddy, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM adarshs@email.arizona.edu; jgiosiah@ece.arizona.edu; akoglu@ece.arizona.edu; astoica@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA JPL through SURP [1315980] FX This work was supported in part by NASA JPL through SURP under Agreement NO: 1315980 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3166-3 PY 2008 BP 204 EP + DI 10.1109/AFIS.2008.77 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIC69 UT WOS:000258428500028 ER PT B AU Wolpert, D Kulkarni, N AF Wolpert, David Kulkarni, Nilesh BE Keymeulen, D Arslan, T Seuss, M Stoica, A Erdogan, AT Merodio, D TI Managing multiple interacting adaptive systems via game theory SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 NASA/ESA CONFERENCE ON ADAPTIVE HARDWARE AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems CY JUN 22-25, 2008 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP NASA Jet Propuls Lab, European Space Agcy, Univ Edinburgh, European Res & Technol Ctr ID EQUILIBRIA AB We consider the problem of a "manager" who controls some variables y that affect a set of interacting, goal-oriented agents. We model such agents as players in a noncooperative game, with y being parameters of that game. So the manager's problem is how to change the game so that the resultant equilibrium behavior of the players optimizes a utility function of the manager. This can be viewed as an extension of the problem of mechanism design, to allow bounded rational players, to exploit knowledge concerning players not directly affected by y, and to allow arbitrary types of y. We introduce a solution to this problem and illustrate it with computer experiments. C1 [Wolpert, David] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kulkarni, Nilesh] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Perot Syst INC, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Wolpert, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM david.h.wolpert@nasa.gov; nilesh.v.kulkarni@nasa.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3166-3 PY 2008 BP 459 EP + DI 10.1109/AHS.2008.58 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIC69 UT WOS:000258428500060 ER PT J AU Lanyi, GE Border, JS Shin, DK AF Lanyi, Gabor E. Border, James S. Shin, Dong K. GP ION TI Radiometric Spacecraft Tracking for Deep Space Navigation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 NATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION - NTM 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 National Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 28-30, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP Inst Navigat AB Interplanetary spacecraft navigation relies on three types of terrestrial tracking observables. 1) Ranging measures the distance between the observing site and the probe. 2) The line-of-sight velocity of the probe is inferred from Doppler-shift by measuring the frequency shift of the received signal with respect to the unshifted frequency. 3) Differential angular coordinates of the probe with respect to natural radio sources are nominally obtained via a differential delay technique of Delta DOR (Delta Differential One-way Ranging). The accuracy of spacecraft coordinate determination depends on the measurement uncertainties associated with each of these three techniques. We evaluate the corresponding sources of error and present a detailed error budget C1 [Lanyi, Gabor E.; Border, James S.; Shin, Dong K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Lanyi, GE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2008 BP 86 EP 90 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BPS62 UT WOS:000279793700001 ER PT B AU Bagri, DS AF Bagri, D. S. GP ION TI Tracking with the Proposed Array-based Deep Space Network SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 NATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION - NTM 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 National Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 28-30, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP Inst Navigat AB This paper describes a possible approach to make range, doppler and angular position (tracking) measurements for a spacecraft with the proposed array-based deep space network (DSN). Considering how each item from the single dish range, doppler and angular position error budgets is affected by arraying, we expect that tracking performance for the array-based system should be similar to that achieved using single large antennas. An array-based system allows for the possibility of using same beam interferometry, which potentially can provide very high accuracy relative spacecraft angular position information. We will discuss considerations for a proposed array-based DSN that would enable same beam interferometry routinely. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bagri, DS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2008 BP 91 EP 100 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BPS62 UT WOS:000279793700002 ER PT J AU Cohen, IR AF Cohen, Ian R. GP ION TI Relative Navigation Using Reflected GPS Signals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 NATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION - NTM 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 National Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 28-30, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP Inst Navigat AB Relative autonomous navigation is currently a hot research area. The enabling technologies for autonomous navigation are the relative navigation sensors. Reflected GPS signals may be used to provide a relative navigation measurement between spacecraft, allowing the user to have a passive relative navigation sensor with little additional mass and no extra power. This paper examines the design and implementation of an autonomous relative navigation filter using reflected GPS measurements implemented in an Extended Kalman filter. The dynamic model implemented in the Kalman filter is the well-known Hill's equations for relative spacecraft dynamics. The filter is then examined with a specific scenario tailored to a Shuttle rendezvous with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The scenarios tested were an uncontrolled collision, and a controlled docking to the Hubble Space Telescope. This algorithm is intended to fly on the Hubble Servicing Mission 4, Relative Navigation Sensor (RNS) experiment. The paper discusses the implementation and the actual algorithm scheduled to fly on-board the space shuttle in August 2008. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Component Syst & Hardware Branch, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Cohen, IR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Component Syst & Hardware Branch, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2008 BP 224 EP 230 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BPS62 UT WOS:000279793700016 ER PT B AU Heckler, GW Kurichh, R Boegner, J AF Heckler, Gregory W. Kurichh, Rishi Boegner, J., Jr. GP ION TI Path Emulator for RF Systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 NATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION - NTM 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 National Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 28-30, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP Inst Navigat AB NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has created the Path Emulator for Radio Frequency Systems (PERFS) for hardware-in-the-loop testing of RF communication systems. PERFS simulates the effects of relative range, velocity, and acceleration between spacecrafts' communications systems. PERFS takes in a radio frequency (RF) signal and down mixes it to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal. The IF signal is sampled by an analog-to-digital converter (A/D) and fed into a circular IF sample buffer. Samples are read from the buffer by a digital-to-analog converter (D/A), filtered, attenuated, and mixed back to the original RF frequency. Writing to and reading from the circular buffer is driven by two individual direct digital synthesizers (DDS). A DDS generates a low jitter clock that can be precisely adjusted in frequency and phase. Relative range, range rate, and range acceleration are simulated by controlling the delay, frequency offset, and frequency rate of the D/A DDS relative to the fixed frequency of the A/D DDS. Path loss is simulated by digital step attenuation (DSA) in the output RF section. PERFS is designed to simulate relative ranges between 250 m and 3500 km with a resolution of 5 cm. A range velocity requirement of +/-730 m/s is supported with a resolution of 1 mm/s. Testing of PERFS is performed by synchronously recording a source signal at both the input and output of PERFS. Various analyses allow the performance of PERFS to be quantified, and compared to the requirements laid out above. C1 [Heckler, Gregory W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Component & Hardware Syst Branch Code 596, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Heckler, GW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Component & Hardware Syst Branch Code 596, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2008 BP 231 EP 239 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BPS62 UT WOS:000279793700017 ER PT B AU Hughes, JS Crichton, DJ Mattmann, CA AF Hughes, J. Steven Crichton, Daniel J. Mattmann, Cluis A. BE Zhang, K Ajhajj, R TI Ontology-Based Information Model Development for Science Information Reuse and Integration SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION REUSE AND INTEGRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration CY AUG 10-12, 2009 CL Las Vegas, NE SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE Digital Library; Ontology; Information Model; Interoperability; Science Data; Science Metadata AB Scientific digital libraries serve complex and evolving research communities. Justifications for the development of scientific digital libraries include the desire to preserve science data and the promises of information interconnectedness, correlative science, and system interoperability. Shared ontologies are fundamental to fulfilling these promises. We present a tool framework, a set of principles, and a real world case study where shared ontologies are used to develop and manage science information models and subsequently guide the implementation of scientific digital libraries. The tool framework, based on an ontology modeling tool, has been used to formalize legacy information models as well as design new models. Within this framework, the information model remains relevant within changing domains and thereby promotes the interoperability, interconnectedness, and correlation desired by scientists. C1 [Hughes, J. Steven; Crichton, Daniel J.; Mattmann, Cluis A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hughes, JS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jshughes@jpl.nasa.gov; crichton@jpl.nasa.gov; mattmann@jpl.nasa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4115-0 PY 2008 BP 79 EP 84 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNF36 UT WOS:000274330000015 ER PT B AU Hannan, MR AF Hannan, Michael R. GP IEEE TI On the observed robustness of disturbance-observers; A technical explanation and simulation validation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16-18, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Univ New Orleans, Coll Engn, Informat & Syst Technol Res Ctr, IEEE New Orleans Sect DE disturbance-observer; disturbance-accommodation; adaptive-observer; disturbance-inputs; disturbance-models ID LINEAR REGULATOR; CONSTANT DISTURBANCES; ACCOMMODATION AB This paper examines the ability of a real-time "disturbance-observer" to adapt-to and closely estimate the time-behavior of a disturbance-input w(t) (and of it's state-vector z(t)) even when the actual w(t) time-behavior deviates from the observer's "internal-copy" of the nominal/predicted w(t)-behavior. By means of technical explanations and confirming simulation studies of numerical examples, the disturbance-observer's adaptive ability is explained in terms-of the underlying spline-model used to derive the disturbance state-model and the intrinsic dynamic characteristics of a state-observer. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Hannan, MR (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, MS EV41, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1806-0 PY 2008 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHO68 UT WOS:000254884300005 ER PT B AU Calle, CI McFall, JL Buhler, CR Snyder, SJ Arens, EE Chen, A Ritz, ML Clements, JS Fortier, CR Trigwell, S AF Calle, C. I. McFall, J. L. Buhler, C. R. Snyder, S. J. Arens, E. E. Chen, A. Ritz, M. L. Clements, J. S. Fortier, C. R. Trigwell, S. BE Sun, KP Li, XW Yu, GF TI PARTICLE ACCELERATION WITH ELECTROSTATIC AND DIELECTROPHORETIC FORCES WITH APPLICATIONS TO DUST REMOVAL DURING LUNAR MISSIONS SO Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Electrostatics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Applied Electrostatistics CY NOV 03-07, 2008 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Commiss Electrostat, Chinese Phys Soc, Shanghai Maritime Univ, Shanghai Phys Soc, Int Assembly Electrostat AB Small dust particles that are electrostatically charged can be accelerated from rest by electrostatic and dielectrophoretic forces [Pohl 1979]. This phenomenon can be used to remove dust particles from surfaces and a method to perform this task was proposed in the 1960s by NASA [Tatom 1967]. Subsequent work performed by Masuda and collaborators at the University of Tokyo showed that the technique was feasible [Masuda 1970]. During the last few years, NASA's Electrostatics and Surface Physics Laboratory, in collaboration with several universities, has developed the technology for space applications, in particular, for the lunar environment [Calle 2004, 2008; Mazumder 2006]. In this paper, we report on our efforts to develop the Dust Shield, a dust removal technology to remove dust from surfaces and to prevent its accumulation on those surfaces at high vacuum conditions. Based on Tatom's idea, the Dust Shield uses electrode patterns designed to generate a electrostatic and dielectrophoretic forces on charged dust particles from under 10 micrometers to several hundred micrometers in diameter. We also include the results of computer simulations of the devices interacting with charge particles of various dimensions.. C1 [Calle, C. I.; Arens, E. E.; Fortier, C. R.] NASA, Electrostat & Surface Phys Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Calle, CI (reprint author), NASA, Electrostat & Surface Phys Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM carlos.i.calle@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS LTD PI HONG KONG PA UNIT 1205, 12 FLOOR, SINO PLAZA, 255 GLOUCESTER ROAD, HONG KONG 00000, CAUSEWAY BAY, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-988-99684-5-8 PY 2008 BP 59 EP 59 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BIS81 UT WOS:000262473800015 ER PT B AU Garrigues, S Allard, D AF Garrigues, Sebastien Allard, Denis BE Zhang, JX Goodchild, MF TI Geostatistical spatio-temporal modeling of landscape spatial heterogeneity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SPATIAL ACCURACY ASSESSMENT IN NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, VOL I: SPATIAL UNCERTAINTY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences CY JUN 25-27, 2008 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Wuhan Univ, Shanghai Jiaotong Univ, Chinese Soc Geodesy, Photogrammetry & Cartog, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geograph Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing Normal Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Chinese Acad Surveying & Mapping DE stochastic model; multi-Gaussian model; mosaic model; first- and second-order variogram; image spatial structure; landscape; NDVI; high spatial remote sensing imagery AB This study provides a new approach to characterize the spatial structures within high spatial resolution (similar to 20m) remote sensing imagery as the weighted linear combination of two stochastic models: a Poisson line mosaic model and a multi-Gaussian model. We first apply this approach to describe the nature of the processes structuring distinct types of landscape. We show that the mosaic model is an indicator of strong NDVI discontinuities within the image, mainly generated by anthropogenic processes such as the mosaic pattern of agricultural site. The multi-Gaussian model shows evidence of diffuse and continuous variation of NDVI over natural vegetation and forest sites, generally engendered by ecological and environmental processes. We implement a method based on the simultaneous use of the first- and second-order variograms to distinguish between the multi-Gaussian and the mosaic model, and to retrieve the fraction of the image variance explained by each model. The second part of this paper consists in applying the previous stochastic models to a series of remote sensing images taken at a single site for modeling the temporal variations in surface spatial heterogeneity observed over an agricultural site. We build a model describing the temporal course of the image second-order variogram as a function of crop seasonality. Once calibrated from a temporal sampling of few high spatial resolution scenes, this model proves to be powerful to predict the second-order variogram at a date at which the high spatial resolution scene is not available, and thus to retrieve the spatial heterogeneity within an area of similar to 1km through the seasonal cycle with a mean relative accuracy of 20%. C1 [Garrigues, Sebastien] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, LLC, INNOVIM, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Garrigues, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, LLC, INNOVIM, Greenbelt, MD USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD ACAD UNION-WORLD ACAD PRESS PI LIVERPOOL PA 113, ACADEMIC HOUSE, MILL LANE, WAVERTREE TECHNOLOGY PARK, LIVERPOOL, L13 4 AH, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84626-170-1 PY 2008 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Applied; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Remote Sensing GA BHZ10 UT WOS:000257573300005 ER PT B AU Sun, G Jansen, R Duffy, K AF Sun, Guangyoung Jansen, Ralph Duffy, Kirsten GP ASME TI On the dynamic characterization for flywheel touchdown bearing system design SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 1, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 04-07, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP ASME, Design & Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB NASA Glenn Research Center has been developing efficient flywheel batteries for a variety of space power applications, which provide the advantages of higher energy density, longer life span, and lower maintenance over electrochemical batteries as a next-generation energy storage device. As a component of enhancing the reliability of a flywheel module, the touchdown bearing system plays a crucial role in case of the malfunction or failure of magnetic bearings. In this paper, a design for touchdown support system has been proposed, a mathematical model for characterizing the dynamic behavior for the touchdown bearing system developed and then the numerical analysis using key design parameters followed. Transient simulations for the flywheel 1G delevitation onto the touchdown bearings suggest a design guide for the touchdown system, which maximizes the minimum air gap at the magnetic bearings and minimizes the dynamic loading as well as allows a safe flywheel rotor landing. C1 [Sun, Guangyoung] NASA, GRC, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), NASA, GRC, 21000 Brookpark Rd MS 301-5, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4802-9 PY 2008 BP 1703 EP 1709 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BHM90 UT WOS:000254391802029 ER PT B AU MacLean, JR Huynh, A Quiocho, LJ AF MacLean, John R. Huynh, An Quiocho, Leslie J. GP ASME TI Investigation of boundary conditions for flexible multibody spacecraft dynamics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 5, PTS A-C, LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 04-07, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP ASME, Design & Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID SYSTEMS AB In support of both the Space Shuttle and International Space Station programs, a set of generic multibody dynamics algorithms integrated within the Trick Simulation Environment have addressed a variety of on-orbit manipulator simulation requirements for engineering analysis, procedures development and crew familiarization/training at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC). Enhancements to these dynamics algorithms are now being driven by a new set of Constellation program requirements for flexible multibody spacecraft simulation. One particular issue that has been discussed within the NASA community is the assumption of cantilever-type flexible body boundary conditions. This assumption has been commonly utilized within manipulator multibody dynamics formulations as it simplifies the computation of relative motion for articulated flexible topologies. Moreover its use for modeling of space-based manipulators such as the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS) and Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) has been extensively validated against flight data. For more general flexible spacecraft applications, however the assumption of cantilever-type boundary conditions may not be sufficient. This paper describes the boundary condition assumptions that were used in the original formulation, demonstrates that these equations can be augmented to accommodate systems in which the assumption of cantilever boundary conditions no longer applies, and verifies the approach through comparison with an independent model previously validated against experimental hardware test data from a spacecraft flexible dynamics emulator. C1 [Quiocho, Leslie J.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Automat Robot & Simulat Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Quiocho, LJ (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Automat Robot & Simulat Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4806-7 PY 2008 BP 17 EP 25 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BHN67 UT WOS:000254517100003 ER PT B AU Lorenzo, CF Hartley, TT AF Lorenzo, Carl F. Hartley, Tom T. GP ASME TI Initialization of fractional differential equations: Background and theory SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 5, PTS A-C, LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 04-07, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP ASME, Design & Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE fractional differential equations; fractional operators; initialization; Laplace transforrns ID SYSTEMS AB It has been known that the initialization of fractional operators requires time-varying functions, a complicating factor. This paper simplifies the process of initialization of fractional differential equations by deriving Laplace transforms for the initialized fractional integral and derivative that generalize those for the integer-order operators. This paper provides background on past work in the area and determines the Laplace transforms for initialized fractional integrals of any order and fractional derivatives of order less than one. A companion paper in this conference extends the theory to higher order derivative operators and provides application insight. C1 [Lorenzo, Carl F.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Lorenzo, CF (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4806-7 PY 2008 BP 1325 EP 1333 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BHN67 UT WOS:000254517101057 ER PT B AU Lorenzo, CF Hartley, TT AF Lorenzo, Carl F. Hartley, Tom T. GP ASME TI Initialization of fractional differential equations: Theory and application SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 5, PTS A-C, LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 04-07, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP ASME, Design & Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE fractional differential equations; fractional operators; initialization; Laplace transforms AB It has been known that the initialization of fractional operators requires time-varying functions, a complicating factor. This paper simplifies the process of initialization of fractional differential equations by deriving Laplace transforms for the initialized fractional integral and derivative that generalize those for the integer-order operators. A companion paper in this conference determines the Laplace transforms for initialized fractional integrals of any order and fractional derivatives of order less than one. This paper extends the theory for the Laplace transform of the derivative to higher order and provides applications. C1 [Lorenzo, Carl F.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Lorenzo, CF (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4806-7 PY 2008 BP 1341 EP 1347 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BHN67 UT WOS:000254517101059 ER PT B AU Collins, CL AF Collins, Curtis L. GP ASME TI Stiffness modeling and force distribution for the All-Terrain Hex-Limbed Extra-Terrestrial Explorer (ATHLETE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 8, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 04-07, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID ROBOT AB The All-Terrain Hex-Limbed Extra-Terrestrial Explorer (ATHLETE) is a six limbed vehicle designed for both mobility and manipulation. Each limb has six active degrees-of-freedom, plus a powered wheel. Along the axis if each wheel is a mechanical interface that allows the integration of tools that can make use of the wheel actuator Thus each limb can act as a leg for walking, an active suspension for a driven wheel, or a manipulator with an actuated tool. Fundamental to the operation of the system is the ability to control limb pose, overall body pose, as well as regulate limb forces. Joint torques are estimated from the difference between the incremental and absolute encoder readings on each joint. Forces are then computed from joint torques and force regulation is performed by modifying the limb positions. Force regulation allows the vehicle to lift larger payloads and traverse terrain while actively complying to terrain features. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Collins, CL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Curtis.L.Collins@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4809-8 PY 2008 BP 781 EP 789 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BHN70 UT WOS:000254558400084 ER PT B AU Prassinos, PG Lyver, JW AF Prassinos, Peter G. Lyver, John W. GP ASME TI Overview of the safety analyses and risk assessments of nuclear space missions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 14: SAFETY ENGINEERING, RISK ANALYSIS, AND RELIABILITY METHODS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB Space missions are conducted to gain an understanding of the universe and our solar system; to study the surface of planets other than earth; and to explore our extraterrestrial environment. Many of these missions travel to the far reaches of the solar system or explore regions that require a continuous source of electrical power that is more than what is available from the conversion of solar energy. For these space missions, electrical power is supplied by a radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) that uses the heat generated by the decay radioactive material. The approval to launch and fly space vehicles using nuclear material is governed by Presidential Directive and requires authorization by the Executive Office of the President. As part of the launch approval process for these missions, a comprehensive safety analysis is conducted. This safety analysis employs a full-scope probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) to help identify improvement in launch and flight systems and quantify the risk associated with potential accidents and abort conditions during the mission. In general, the PRA follows a typical scenario-based assessment similar to PRAs that have been conducted for terrestrial hazardous facilities and operations. However, there are some significant differences when conducting a PRA of a space mission. This paper will provide a general over-view of the PRA process as applied to nuclear space missions including; defining the analysis objective, system familiarization, accident sequence analysis, accident analysis, atmospheric transport, consequence analysis, and risk integration and uncertainty analysis. C1 [Prassinos, Peter G.; Lyver, John W.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Prassinos, PG (reprint author), NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4308-6 PY 2008 BP 132 EP 136 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BHO70 UT WOS:000254886300018 ER PT B AU Struk, PM Dietrich, DL Miller, FJ T'ien, JS AF Struk, P. M. Dietrich, D. L. Miller, F. J. T'ien, J. S. GP ASME TI Transient numerical modeling of catalytic channels SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 6: ENERGY SYSTEMS: ANALYSIS, THERMODYNAMICS AND SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID MONOLITH REACTOR; MASS-TRANSFER; MICRO-COMBUSTORS; HEAT-TRANSFER; SYNTHESIS GAS; METHANE; OXIDATION; PLATINUM; CHEMISTRY; MIXTURES AB This paper presents a transient model of catalytic combustion suitable for isolated channels and monolith reactors. The model is a "lumped"' two-phase (gas and solid) model where the gas phase is quasi-steady relative to the transient solid. Axial diffusion is neglected in the gas phase; lateral diffusion, however, is accounted for using transfer coefficients. The solid phase includes axial heat conduction and external heat loss due to convection and radiation. The combustion process utilizes detailed gas and surface reaction models. The gas-phase model becomes a system of stiff ordinary differential equations while the solid phase reduces, after discretization, into a system of stiff ordinary differential-algebraic equations. The time evolution of the system came from alternating integrations of the quasi-steady gas and transient solid. This work outlines the numerical model and presents some sensitivity studies on important parameters including internal transfer coefficients, catalytic surface site density, and external heat-loss (if applicable). The model is compared to two experiments using CO fuel: (1) steady-state conversion through an isothermal platinum (Pt) tube and (2) transient propagation of a catalytic reaction inside a small Pt tube. The model requires internal mass-transfer resistance to match the experiments at lower residence times. Under mass-transport limited conditions, the model reasonably predicted exit conversion using global mass-transfer coefficients. Near light-off, the model results did not match the experiment precisely even after adjustment of mass-transfer coefficients. Agreement improved for the first case after adjusting the surface kinetics such that the net rate of CO adsorption increased compared to O-2. The CO / O-2 surface mechanism came from a sub-set of reactions in a popular CH4 / O-2 mechanism. For the second case, predictions improved for lean conditions with increased external heat loss or adjustment of the kinetics as in the first case. Finally, the results show that different initial surface-species distribution leads to different steady-states under certain conditions. These results demonstrate the utility of a lumped two-phase model of a transient catalytic combustor with detailed chemistry. C1 [Struk, P. M.; Dietrich, D. L.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Struk, PM (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4300-0 PY 2008 BP 123 EP 134 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BHN34 UT WOS:000254474800014 ER PT B AU DellaCorte, C Radil, KC Bruckner, RJ Howard, SA AF DellaCorte, Christopher Radil, Kevin C. Bruckner, Robert J. Howard, S. Adam GP ASME TI Design, fabrication and performance of open source generation I and II compliant hydrodynamic gas foil bearings SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/STLE INTERNATIONAL JOINT TRIBOLOGY CONFERENCE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME/STLE International Joint Tribology Conference CY OCT 22-24, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, STLE AB Foil gas bearings are self-acting hydrodynamic bearings made from sheet metal foils and are used in selected lightly loaded, highspeed turbo-machines such as compressors and small micro-turbines. The general lack of familiarity of the foil bearing design and manufacturing process has hindered their widespread dissemination. Using information from publicly available literature, this paper demonstrates design, fabrication and performance testing of first and second generation bump style foil bearings and serves as an effective starting point for new Oil-Free turbomachinery development activities. C1 [DellaCorte, Christopher; Bruckner, Robert J.; Howard, S. Adam] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP DellaCorte, C (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4810-4 PY 2008 BP 219 EP 221 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM70 UT WOS:000254339300059 ER PT B AU Dimofte, F Ene, NM Handschuh, RF Keith, TG AF Dimofte, Florin Ene, Nicoleta M. Handschuh, Robert F. Keith, Theo G., Jr. GP ASME TI New rig to test journal oil lubricated wave bearings SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/STLE INTERNATIONAL JOINT TRIBOLOGY CONFERENCE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME/STLE International Joint Tribology Conference CY OCT 22-24, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, STLE AB A new rig to test journal fluid film bearings was designed, manufacture and installed at NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. This rig can apply total radial loads to 133,000 N (30,000 lbs) and can rotate the shaft to speeds to 13,000 RPM. The test bearing has a diameter of 68 mm and is 38 mm long. Two such bearings are used to support the total load. The shaft is also supported by two fluid film bearings. The rig is well instrumented for measuring oil flow, oil inlet and outlet temperatures, bearing sleeve temperatures along its circumference and the oil temperatures in oil supply pockets. The shaft position is monitored by proximity probes. Vibration levels at four locations are also displayed and recorded. Preliminary tests of wave bearings at 8,000 RPM and loads to 20,000 N (4,500 lbs) show a good correlation between the test and prediction data. C1 [Dimofte, Florin] Univ Toledo, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Dimofte, F (reprint author), Univ Toledo, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4810-4 PY 2008 BP 293 EP 295 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM70 UT WOS:000254339300078 ER PT B AU Tong, MT Naylor, BA AF Tong, Michael T. Naylor, Bret A. GP ASME TI AN OBJECT-ORIENTED COMPUTER CODE FOR AIRCRAFT ENGINE WEIGHT ESTIMATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME DE NASA; aircraft engine; weight; object-oriented AB Reliable engine-weight estimation at the conceptual design stage is critical to the development of new aircraft engines. It helps to identify the best engine concept amongst several candidates. At NASA Glenn (GRC), the Weight Analysis of Turbine Engines (WATE) computer code, originally developed by Boeing Aircraft, has been used to estimate the engine weight of various conceptual engine designs. The code, written in FORTRAN, was originally developed for NASA in 1979. Since then, substantial improvements have been made to the code to improve the weight calculations for most of the engine components. Most recently, to improve the maintainability and extensibility of WATE, the FORTRAN code has been converted into an object-oriented version. The conversion was done within the NASA's NPSS (Numerical Propulsion System Simulation) framework. This enables WATE to interact seamlessly with the thermodynamic cycle model which provides component flow data such as airflows, temperatures, and pressures, etc. that are required for sizing the components and weight calculations. The tighter integration between the NPSS and WATE would greatly enhance system-level analysis and optimization capabilities. It also would facilitate the enhancement of the WATE code for next-generation aircraft and space propulsion systems. In this paper, the architecture of the object-oriented WATE code (or WATE++) is described. Both the FORTRAN and object-oriented versions of the code are employed to compute the dimensions and weight of a 300-passenger aircraft engine (GE90 class). Both versions of the code produce essentially identical results as should be the case. C1 [Tong, Michael T.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Tong, MT (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4311-6 PY 2008 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Transportation GA BIV67 UT WOS:000263200700001 ER PT B AU Bruckner, RJ Puleo, BJ AF Bruckner, Robert J. Puleo, Bernadette J. GP ASME TI COMPLIANT FOIL JOURNAL BEARING PERFORMANCE AT ALTERNATE PRESSURES AND TEMPERATURES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME AB An experimental test program has been conducted to determine the highly loaded performance of current generation gas foil bearings at alternate pressures and temperature. Typically foil bearing performance has been reported at temperatures relevant to turbomachinery applications but only at an ambient pressure of one atmosphere. This dearth of data at alternate pressures has motivated the current test program. Two facilities were used in the test program, the ambient pressure rig and the high pressure rig. The test program utilized a 35 mm diameter by 27 mm long foil journal bearing having an uncoated Inconel X-750 top foil running against a shaft with a PS304 coated journal. Load capacity tests were conducted at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 krpm at temperatures from 25 degrees C to 500 degrees C and at pressures from 0.1 to 2.5 atmospheres. Results show an increase in load capacity with increased ambient pressure and a reduction in load capacity with increased ambient temperature. Below one-half atmosphere of ambient pressure a dramatic loss of load capacity is experienced. Additional lightly loaded foil bearing performance in nitrogen at 25 degrees C and up to 48 atmospheres of ambient pressure has also been reported. In the lightly loaded region of operation the power loss increases for increasing pressure at a fixed load. Knowledge of foil bearing performance at operating conditions found within potential machine applications will reduce program development risk of future foil bearing supported turbomachines. C1 [Bruckner, Robert J.; Puleo, Bernadette J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Brookpark, OH 44135 USA. RP Bruckner, RJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Brookpark, OH 44135 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4311-6 PY 2008 BP 587 EP 594 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Transportation GA BIV67 UT WOS:000263200700065 ER PT B AU Howard, SA AF Howard, Samuel A. GP ASME TI MISALIGNMENT IN GAS FOIL JOURNAL BEARINGS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME AB As gas foil journal bearings become more prevalent in production machines, such as small gas turbine propulsion systems and microturbines, system level performance issues must be identified and quantified in order to provide for successful design practices. Several examples of system level design parameters that are not fully understood in foil bearing systems are thermal management schemes, alignment requirements, balance requirements, thrust load balancing, and others. In order to address some of these deficiencies and begin to develop guidelines, this paper presents a preliminary experimental investigation of the misalignment tolerance of gas foil journal bearing systems. Using a notional gas foil bearing supported rotor and a laser-based shaft alignment system, increasing levels of misalignment are imparted to the bearing supports while monitoring temperature at the bearing edges. The amount of misalignment that induces bearing failure is identified and compared to other conventional bearing types such as cylindrical roller bearings and angular contact ball bearings. Additionally, the dynamic response of the rotor indicates that the gas foil bearing force coefficients may be affected by misalignment. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Brookpark, OH 44135 USA. RP Howard, SA (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Brookpark, OH 44135 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4311-6 PY 2008 BP 741 EP 749 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Transportation GA BIV67 UT WOS:000263200700081 ER PT B AU Simon, DL Bird, J Davison, C Volponi, A Iverson, RE AF Simon, Donald L. Bird, Jeff Davison, Craig Volponi, Al Iverson, R. Eugene GP ASME TI BENCHMARKING GAS PATH DIAGNOSTIC METHODS: A PUBLIC APPROACH SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME ID TURBINE PERFORMANCE DIAGNOSTICS AB Recent technology reviews have identified the need for objective assessments of engine health management (EHM) technology. The need is two-fold: technology developers require relevant data and problems to design and validate new algorithms and techniques while engine system integrators and operators need practical tools to direct development and then evaluate the effectiveness of proposed solutions. This paper presents a publicly available gas path diagnostic benchmark problem that has been developed by the Propulsion and Power Systems Panel of The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) to help address these needs. The problem is coded in Matlab (TM) and coupled with a non-linear turbofan engine simulation to produce "snap-shot" measurements, with relevant noise levels, as if collected from a fleet of engines over their lifetime of use. Each engine within the fleet will experience unique operating and deterioration profiles, and may encounter randomly occurring relevant gas path faults including sensor, actuator and component faults. The challenge to the EHM community is to develop gas path diagnostic algorithms to reliably perform fault detection and isolation. An example solution to the benchmark problem is provided along with associated evaluation metrics. A plan is presented to disseminate this benchmark problem to the engine health management technical community and invite technology solutions. C1 [Simon, Donald L.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Simon, DL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4312-3 PY 2008 BP 325 EP 336 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Transportation GA BIV68 UT WOS:000263201300033 ER PT B AU Heidmann, JD AF Heidmann, James D. GP ASME TI A NUMERICAL STUDY OF ANTI-VORTEX FILM COOLING DESIGNS AT HIGH BLOWING RATIO SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME ID DENSITY RATIO; HOLES; FLOW; ROW; JET AB A concept for mitigating the adverse effects of jet vorticity and liftoff at high blowing ratios for turbine film cooling flows has been developed and studied at NASA Glenn Research Center. This "antivortex" film cooling concept proposes the addition of two branched holes from each primary hole in order to produce a vorticity counter to the detrimental kidney vortices from the main jet. These vortices typically entrain hot freestream gas and are associated with jet separation from the turbine blade surface. The anti-vortex design is unique in that it requires only easily machinable round holes, unlike shaped film cooling holes and other advanced concepts. The anti-vortex film cooling hole concept has been modeled computationally for a single row of 30 degree angled holes on a flat surface using the 3D Navier-Stokes solver Glenn-HT. A modification of the anti-vortex concept whereby the branched holes exit adjacent to the main hole has been studied computationally for blowing ratios of 1.0 and 2.0 and at density ratios of 1.0 and 2.0. This modified concept was selected because it has shown the most promise in recent experimental studies. The computational results show that the modified design improves the film cooling effectiveness relative to the round hole baseline and previous anti-vortex cases, in confirmation of the experimental studies. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Heidmann, JD (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4314-7 PY 2008 BP 789 EP 799 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BIT71 UT WOS:000262638400071 ER PT B AU Rigby, DL Heidmann, JD AF Rigby, David L. Heidmann, James D. GP ASME TI IMPROVED FILM COOLING EFFECTIVENESS BY PLACING A VORTEX GENERATOR DOWNSTREAM OF EACH HOLE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME ID DENSITY RATIO; CROSS-FLOW; ROW; JET AB Calculations are presented demonstrating the effect of placing a delta vortex generator downstream of a film cooling hole. The effects of blowing ratio, density ratio, and spanwise pitch are included in the study. Flow over a flat plate with film cooling holes oriented at a 30 degree angle was investigated. The Reynolds numbers based on the freestream velocity and the hole diameter was 11,300. The simulation was performed using the Glenn-HT code, a full three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver using the Wilcox k-omega turbulence model. A Structured multi-block grid Was used with approximately one million cells, and average y1- values on the order of unity. Local and span averaged effectiveness are presented. Analysis and visualization of the flow arc presented as well as a discussion on the mechanisms which contribute to the dramatic improvement in effectiveness. The results demonstrate that (lie delta vortex generator was able to annihilate the up-wash vortex pair produced by the film hole and produce a down-wash pair downstream. C1 [Rigby, David L.] NASA, ASRC Aerosp Inc, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Rigby, DL (reprint author), NASA, ASRC Aerosp Inc, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM david.l.rigby@nasa.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4314-7 PY 2008 BP 1161 EP 1174 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BIT71 UT WOS:000262638401022 ER PT B AU Boyle, RJ Stripf, M AF Boyle, R. J. Stripf, M. GP ASME TI Simplified Approach to Predicting Rough Surface Transition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME ID TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYER; HEAT-TRANSFER; PERFORMANCE; FLOWS; VANE AB Turbine vane heat transfer predictions are given for smooth and rough vanes where the experimental data show transition moving forward on the vane as the surface roughness physical height increases. Consistent with smooth vane heat transfer, the transition moves forward for a fixed roughness height as the Reynolds number increases. Comparisons are presented with published experimental data. Some of the data are for a regular roughness geometry with a range of roughness heights, Reynolds numbers, and inlet, turbulence intensities. The approach taken in this analysis is to treat the roughness in a statistical sense, consistent with what would be obtained from blades measured after exposure to actual engine environments. An approach is given to determine the equivalent sand grain roughness from the statistics of the regular geometry. This approach is guided by the experimental data. A roughness transition criterion is developed, and comparisons are made with experimental data over the entire range of experimental test conditions. Additional comparisons are made with experimental heat transfer data, where the roughness geometrics are both regular as well as statistical. Using the developed analysis, heat transfer calculations are presented for the second stage vane of a high pressure turbine at hypothetical engine conditions. C1 [Boyle, R. J.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Boyle, RJ (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. EM Robert.J.Boyle@nasa.gov; matthias.stripf@its.uni-karlsruhe.de NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4314-7 PY 2008 BP 1345 EP 1357 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BIT71 UT WOS:000262638401039 ER PT B AU Hah, C Bergner, J Schiffer, HP AF Hah, Chunill Bergner, Joerg Schiffer, Heinz-Peter GP ASME TI TIP CLEARANCE VORTEX OSCILLATION, VORTEX SHEDDING AND ROTATING INSTABILITIES IN AN AXIAL TRANSONIC COMPRESSOR ROTOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 6, PT A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME AB Unsteady flow characteristics in a modern transonic axial compressor operating near stall are studied in detail. Measured data from high-response pressure probes show that the tip clearance vortex oscillates substantially near stall. Instantaneous flow structure varies substantially among different blade passages even with uniform inlet flow. Fast Fourier transformation of measured wall pressure shows a dominant frequency component that is between 30% and 40% of the rotor speed. To identify and analyze this phenomenon, computational studies based on a single passage and full annulus were carried out. The flow field in a transonic compressor near stall is heavily influenced by the unsteady motion of tip clearance vortices. Therefore, a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) was carried out to capture transient characteristics of the tip clearance vortex more realistically. The wall pressure spectrum from the current full annulus analysis also shows a dominant frequency when the rotor operates near stall. The calculated peak frequency is about 30% of the rotor frequency. The dominant frequency, which is non-synchronous with the rotor blade, is due to rotating flow instabilities. Flow interactions across blade passages due to synchronized tip clearance vortex oscillation seem to be the main cause. C1 [Hah, Chunill] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Hah, C (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 5-11, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4316-1 PY 2008 BP 57 EP 65 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BIT77 UT WOS:000262646900006 ER PT B AU Brown, CA Schifer, NA AF Brown, Clifford A. Schifer, Nicholas A. GP ASME TI LOW FREQUENCY NOISE CONTAMINATION IN FAN MODEL TESTING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 6, PT A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME AB Aircraft engine noise research and development depends on the ability to study and predict the noise created by each engine component in isolation. The presence of a downstream pylon for a model fan test, however, may result in noise contamination through pylon interactions with the free stream and model exhaust airflows. Additionally, there is the problem of separating the fan and jet noise components generated by the model fan. A methodology was therefore developed to improve the data quality for the 9x15 Low Speed Wind Tunnel (LSWT) at the NASA Glenn Research Center that identifies three noise sources: fan noise, jet noise, and rig noise. The jet noise and rig noise were then measured by mounting a scale model of the 9x15 LSWT model fan installation in a jet rig to simulate everything except the rotating machinery and in duct components of fan noise. The data showed that the spectra measured in the LSWT has a strong rig noise component at frequencies as high as 3 kHz depending on the fan and airflow fan exit velocity. The jet noise was determined to be significantly lower than the rig noise (i.e. noise generated by flow interaction with the downstream support pylon). A mathematical model for the rig noise was then developed using a multi-dimensional least squares fit to the rig noise data. This allows the rig noise to be subtracted or removed, depending on the amplitude of the rig noise relative to the fan noise, at any given frequency, observer angle, or nozzle pressure ratio. The impact of isolating the fan noise with this method on spectra, overall power level (OAPWL), and Effective Perceived Noise Level (EPNL) is studied. C1 [Brown, Clifford A.; Schifer, Nicholas A.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Acoust Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Brown, CA (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Acoust Branch, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4316-1 PY 2008 BP 849 EP 862 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BIT77 UT WOS:000262646900074 ER PT B AU Mulligan, JB AF Mulligan, Jeffrey B. BE Spencer, SN TI Measurement of eye velocity using active illumination SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EYE TRACKING RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS SYMPOSIUM (ETRA 2008) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Eye Tracking Research and Applications Symposium CY MAR 26-28, 2008 CL Savannah, GA SP ACM SIGGRAPH, ACM SIGCHI DE saccadic velocity; saccades; active illumination AB With speeds measured in hundreds of degrees per second, measurement of saccadic velocities can be a challenging problem, usually solved by the application of high-frame-rats cameras or high-bandwidth analog systems. This paper describes a novel approach utilizing a standard NTSC video camera coupled with an array of near-infrared light-emitting diodes that are flashed at various times within a single frame. The principle has been demonstrated with a prototype apparatus consisting of 4 16-cell linear arrays ("light sticks"). The cells of each light stick are energized sequentially during each video field, while a camera captures their images reflected in the cornea. When the eye is still, the four line segments are aligned with the vertical and horizontal directions, but when the eye is in motion they appear tilted. Opposite light sticks are cycled in opposite directions, producing opposite tilts. Thus, the measurement of velocity is transformed to a measurement of the angle between two line segments. Preliminary results from a prototype system show a noise level of approximately 20 deg/sec. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Mulligan, JB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM jeffrey.b.mulligan@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-982-1 PY 2008 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1145/1344471.1344479 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BJG49 UT WOS:000265663000004 ER PT B AU Wissink, A Shende, S AF Wissink, Andrew Shende, Sameer TI Performance Evaluation of the Multi-Language Helios Rotorcraft Simulation Software SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB This paper describes application of the TAU (Tuning and Analysis Utilities) performance system (R) within Helios, a code being developed for high-fidelity modeling of rotorcraft aero and structural dynamics. TAU provides information about both single processor and parallel scaling performance. Helios consists of multiple modules written in different languages-FORTRAN90, C, and C++-that are integrated through a high-level, Python-based infrastructure. This loosely-connected implementation has the advantage that each module can be developed separately from one another, but as with any parallel code, a single poor-performing module can hinder the performance and scalability of the suite as a whole. Although Helios is still in the early stages of development, integration with TAU provides a way to investigate performance when the design can be most influenced The paper discusses the different levels of instrumentation, from run-time at the Python level for a high-level description, to automatic compile-time instrumentation for a more detailed breakdown. In both cases, the instrumentation is automatic, requiring no manual insertion of timers on the part of the developer. We report how these tools were used to diagnose single processor performance and parallel scaling issues. C1 [Wissink, Andrew] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Shende, Sameer] ParaTools Inc, Eugene, OR 97405 USA. RP Wissink, A (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM awissink@mail.arc.nasa.gov; sameer@paratools.com FU DoD HPCMP to the HI-ARMS Institute and to PET activities through Mississippi State University under the terms of Agreement [GS04T01BFC0060] FX This publication was made possible through support provided by the DoD HPCMP to the HI-ARMS Institute and to PET activities through Mississippi State University under the terms of Agreement No. #GS04T01BFC0060. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 442 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.44 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200072 ER PT B AU Shu, YS Kyung, MJ Lee, WM Song, BS Pain, B AF Shu, Yun-Shiang Kyung, Moon-Jung Lee, Wei-Ming Song, Bang-Sup Pain, Bedabrata GP IEEE TI A 10 similar to 15b 60MS/s Floating-Point ADC with Digital Gain and Offset Calibration SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2008 CUSTOM INTEGRATED CIRCUITS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference CY SEP 21-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conf, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc, IEEE Elect Devices Soc ID CONVERTER AB A variable-gain amplifier (VGA) with pseudo-random noise (PN) signal-dependent dithering and chopping is proposed. It allows the ADC gain and offset errors to be calibrated digitally in background. A 10 similar to 15b 60Ms/s floating-point ADC (FADC) with variable gains from I to 32 enhance the INL from 24 to 0.9LSB at 15b level. Its non-linearity resulting from the VGA gain and offset errors is eliminated after calibration. A chip in 0.18 mu m CMOS occupies 3.5x2.5mm(2) and consumes 300mW at 1.8V. C1 [Shu, Yun-Shiang; Kyung, Moon-Jung; Lee, Wei-Ming; Song, Bang-Sup] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Pain, Bedabrata] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Shu, YS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2018-6 J9 IEEE CUST INTEGR CIR PY 2008 BP 157 EP + DI 10.1109/CICC.2008.4672047 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIT75 UT WOS:000262643900034 ER PT B AU Chao, D Zhang, N Yang, WJ AF Chao, David Zhang, Nengli Yang, Wen-Jei GP ASME TI Growth of micro bubbles on micro-configured metal-graphite composite surfaces and boiling enhancement SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MICRO/NANOSCALE HEAT TRANSFER INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2008, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer International Conference CY JAN 06-09, 2008 CL Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tainan, TAIWAN SP ASME, Nanotechnol Inst, ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Natl Cheng Kung Univ DE enhanced boiling heat transfer; micro-configured composite surfaces; micro/nano scale boiling behavior; micro and macro bubble growth ID HEAT-TRANSFER; VAPOR BUBBLE; LIQUID; DETACHMENT; MODEL AB A series of studies in nucleate boiling phenomena on metal-graphite composite surfaces has been investigated by Prof. Wen-Jei Yang and their associates. It has been discovered that the unique micro-configured construction of the composite surfaces plays a crucial role in the enhancement of boiling heat transfer. The present paper focuses on the formation and growth processes of micro bubbles and the micro/nano scale boiling behavior to reveal the mechanism of boiling heat transfer enhancement on the unique surfaces. The growth processes of the micro and macro bubbles are analyzed and formulated followed by an analysis of bubble departure. Based on these analyses, the enhancement mechanism of the pool boiling heat transfer on the composite surfaces is clearly revealed. The micro-configured composite surfaces provide more even distribution of a great number of stable boiling active sites through the graphite fibers. Consequently, the heat conduction through the layers is increased, which provides the power of phase change at the interfaces on bubble bottoms. Experimental results convincingly demonstrate the enhancement effects of the unique structure of metal-graphite composite surfaces on boiling heat transfer. C1 [Chao, David; Zhang, Nengli] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Zhang, N (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM nzhang@grc.nasa.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4292-8 PY 2008 BP 1047 EP 1053 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHQ35 UT WOS:000255392000144 ER PT S AU Christensen-Dalsgaard, J Arentoft, T Brown, TM Gilliland, RL Kjeldsen, H Borucki, WJ Koch, D AF Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. Arentoft, T. Brown, T. M. Gilliland, R. L. Kjeldsen, H. Borucki, W. J. Koch, D. BE Gizon, L Roth, M TI The Kepler Asteroseismic Investigation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND HELAS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: HELIOSEISMOLOGY, ASTEROSEISMOLOGY AND MHD CONNECTIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Helioseismology, Asteroseismology and MHD Connections (HELAS II) CY AUG 20-24, 2007-2008 CL Gottingen, GERMANY ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS AB The NASA Kepler mission for studies of extra-solar planets, with expected launch early in 2009, will provide a large set of excellent data for asteroseismology. Here we provide a brief presentation of the mission and discuss some aspects of the expected results of the asteroseismic investigations and the organization of the effort in the Kepler Asteroseismic Science Consortium (KASC). C1 [Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Arentoft, T.; Kjeldsen, H.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Arentoft, T.; Kjeldsen, H.] Aarhus Univ, Danish Astero Seismol Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Brown, T. M.] Las Cumbers Observ Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Gilliland, R. L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Borucki, W. J.; Koch, D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Christensen-Dalsgaard, J (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM jcd@phys.au.dk FU Danish Natural Science Research Council; European Helio- and Asteroseismology Network (HELAS); European Commission's Sixth Framework Programme FX This work was supported by the Danish Natural Science Research Council and by the European Helio- and Asteroseismology Network (HELAS), a major international collaboration funded by the European Commission's Sixth Framework Programme. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 118 AR 012039 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/713/2/L164/ PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BKI11 UT WOS:000268177900039 ER PT B AU Huang, HC Fang, WC AF Huang, Hsiang-Cheh Fang, Wai-Chi TI Intelligent multimedia data hiding techniques and applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SECURITY AND ASSURANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Information Security and Assurance CY APR 24-26, 2008 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE Comp Soc, SERSC, ETRI, KISA, ESIB, IEEE ID WATERMARKING AB In this paper, we present the intelligent multimedia data hiding techniques and their possible applications. An introduction on intelligent multimedia data hiding is described which covers backgrounds, recent advances, methodologies, and implementations. The histogram-based reversible data hiding technique is then presented with simulation results and also illustrated by using actual implementations. C1 [Huang, Hsiang-Cheh] Natl Univ Kaohsiung, Dept Elect Engn, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Fang, Wai-Chi] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Fang, Wai-Chi] NASA, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Huang, HC (reprint author), Natl Univ Kaohsiung, Dept Elect Engn, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. EM huang.hc@gmail.com; dr.wfany@gmail.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3126-7 PY 2008 BP 477 EP + DI 10.1109/ISA.2008.83 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHT06 UT WOS:000256051100091 ER PT S AU Topousis, D Murphy, K Holm, J AF Topousis, Daria Murphy, Keri Holm, Jeanne BE Ardil, C TI Bridging the Communication Gap at NASA - A Case Study in Communities of Practice SO PROCEEDINGS OF WORLD ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 28 SE Proceedings of World Academy of Science Engineering and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the World-Academy-of-Science, Engineering and Technology CY APR 25-27, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP WASET DE Collaboration; communities of practice; knowledge management; virtual teams AB Following the loss of NASA's Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003, it was determined that problems in the agency's organization created an environment that led to the accident. One component of the proposed solution resulted in the formation of the NASA Engineering Network (NEN), a suite of information retrieval and knowledge-sharing tools. This paper describes the implementation of communities of practice, which are formed along engineering disciplines. Communities of practice enable engineers to leverage their knowledge and best practices to collaborate and take information learning back to their jobs and embed it into the procedures of the agency. This case study offers insight into using traditional engineering disciplines for virtual collaboration, including lessons learned during the creation and establishment of NASA's communities. C1 [Topousis, Daria; Murphy, Keri] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA Engn Network, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Topousis, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA Engn Network, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD ACAD SCI, ENG & TECH-WASET PI CANAKKALE PA PO BOX 125, CANAKKALE, 17100, TURKEY SN 1307-6884 J9 PROC WRLD ACAD SCI E PY 2008 VL 28 BP 83 EP 86 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BIL80 UT WOS:000260628900015 ER PT J AU Hejazi, ZM Scardelletti, MC Van Keuls, FW Omar, AA Al-Zayed, A AF Hejazi, Z. M. Scardelletti, M. C. Van Keuls, F. W. Omar, A. A. Al-Zayed, A. TI EM FULL-WAVE ANALYSIS AND TESTING OF NOVEL QUASI-ELLIPTIC MICROSTRIP FILTERS FOR ULTRA NARROWBAND FILTER DESIGN SO PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH-PIER LA English DT Article ID OPEN-LOOP RESONATORS; TRANSMISSION ZEROS; COMPACT; MOBILE AB A new class of microstrip filter structures are designed, optimized, simulated and measured for ultra-narrowband performance essential to the wireless industry applications. More accurate model of the coupling coefficient is outlined and tested for narrowband filter design. Two sample filters are fabricated and measured to verify the simulations and prove the concept. The idea behind the new designs is based on minimizing the parasitic couplings within the resonators and the inter-resonator coupling of adjacent resonators. A reduction of the overall coupling coefficient is achieved even with less resonator separation which is a major issue for compactness of such filters. The best new designs showed a simulated fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 0.05% and 0.02% with separations of S = 0.63 mm and S = 0.45 mm, respectively. The measured filters tend to have even narrower FBW than the simulated, though its insertion loss deteriorates, possibly due to mismatch at the interface with external circuitry and poor shielding effect of the test platform. The investigated 2-pole filters are accommodated on a compact area of a nearly 0.6 cm(2). An improvement of tens of times of order in narrowband performance is achieved compared to reported similar configuration filters and materials. A sharp selectivity and quasi-elliptic response are also demonstrated with good agreement in both simulations and measurements. In all filters, however, the study shows that the narrower the FBW, the larger the insertion loss (IL) and the worse the return loss (RL). This is confirmed by measurements. C1 [Hejazi, Z. M.; Omar, A. A.] Yarmouk Univ, Dept Commun Engn, Hijjawi Fac Engn Technol, Irbid, Jordan. [Van Keuls, F. W.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Al-Zayed, A.] Kuwait Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Kuwait, Kuwait. RP Hejazi, ZM (reprint author), Yarmouk Univ, Dept Commun Engn, Hijjawi Fac Engn Technol, Irbid, Jordan. OI Omar, Amjad/0000-0001-7953-3552 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU E M W PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA PO BOX 425517, KENDALL SQUARE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1559-8985 J9 PROG ELECTROMAGN RES JI Prog. Electromagn. Res. PY 2008 VL 85 BP 261 EP 288 DI 10.2528/PIER08082605 PG 28 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA 436BL UT WOS:000265387500014 ER PT S AU Tilmes, C Fleig, AJ AF Tilmes, Curt Fleig, Albert J. BE Freire, J Koop, D Moreau, L TI Provenance Tracking in an Earth Science Data Processing System SO PROVENANCE AND ANNOTATION OF DATA AND PROCESSES SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Provenance and Annotation Workshop CY JUN 17-18, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Microsoft Corp, Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Springer, Univ Utah AB NASA and other organizations involved with climate research have captured huge archives of earth observations. The sensors, spacecraft, and science algorithms for transforming and analyzing the data and the processing frameworks are evolving over time. Science Data Processing Systems (SDPSes) should capture, archive, and distribute provenance information of all externally received data and algorithms, as well as describing all internal processes used for data transformation. This will make the data, sets produced by the systems easier to understand, enable independent scientific reproducability, and ultimately, increase the credibility of the scientific research that makes use of those data sets. C1 [Tilmes, Curt] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. PITA Analyt Sci, 8705 Burning Tree Rd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Tilmes, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Curt.Tilmes@nasa.gov; Albert.J.Fleig@nasa.gov RI Tilmes, Curt/D-5637-2012 NR 6 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-89964-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5272 BP 221 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIU90 UT WOS:000262977000021 ER PT J AU Unwin, SC Shao, M Tanner, AM Allen, RJ Beichman, CA Boboltz, D Catanzarite, JH Chaboyer, BC Ciardi, DR Edberg, SJ Fey, AL Fischer, DA Gelino, CR Gould, AP Grillmair, C Henry, TJ Johnston, KV Johnston, KJ Jones, DL Kulkarni, SR Law, NM Majewski, SR Makarov, VV Marcy, GW Meier, DL Olling, RP Pan, X Patterson, RJ Pitesky, JE Quirrenbach, A Shaklan, SB Shaya, EJ Strigari, LE Tomsick, JA Wehrle, AE Worthey, G AF Unwin, Stephen C. Shao, Michael Tanner, Angelle M. Allen, Ronald J. Beichman, Charles A. Boboltz, David Catanzarite, Joseph H. Chaboyer, Brian C. Ciardi, David R. Edberg, Stephen J. Fey, Alan L. Fischer, Debra A. Gelino, Christopher R. Gould, Andrew P. Grillmair, Carl Henry, Todd J. Johnston, Kathryn V. Johnston, Kenneth J. Jones, Dayton L. Kulkarni, Shrinivas R. Law, Nicholas M. Majewski, Steven R. Makarov, Valeri V. Marcy, Geoffrey W. Meier, David L. Olling, Rob P. Pan, Xiaopei Patterson, Richard J. Pitesky, Jo Eliza Quirrenbach, Andreas Shaklan, Stuart B. Shaya, Edward J. Strigari, Louis E. Tomsick, John A. Wehrle, Ann E. Worthey, Guy TI Taking the measure of the universe: Precision astrometry with SIM PlanetQuest SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Review ID DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY; SPACE-INTERFEROMETRY-MISSION; EXPLORING HALO SUBSTRUCTURE; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; ABSOLUTE PROPER MOTION; SKY SURVEY VIEW; X-RAY-EMISSION; ANTICENTER STELLAR STRUCTURE; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER NGC-5466; MASS-LUMINOSITY-RELATION AB Precision astrometry at microarcsecond accuracy has applications for a wide range of astrophysical problems. This paper is a study of the science questions that can be addressed using an instrument with flexible scheduling that delivers parallaxes at about 4 mu as on targets as faint as V = 20, and differential accuracy of 0.6 mu as on bright targets. The science topics are drawn primarily from the team key projects, selected in 2000, for the Space Interferometry Mission PlanetQuest (SIM PlanetQuest). We use the capabilities of this mission to illustrate the importance of the next level of astrometric precision in modern astrophysics. SIM PlanetQuest is currently in the detailed design phase, having completed in 2005 all of the enabling technologies needed for the flight instrument. It will be the first space-based long-baseline Michelson interferometer designed for precision astrometry. SIM PlanetQuest will contribute strongly to many astronomical fields, including stellar and galactic astrophysics, planetary systems around nearby stars, and the study of quasar and AGN nuclei. Using differential astrometry SIM PlanetQuest will search for planets with masses as small as Earth orbiting in the "habitable zone" around the nearest stars, and could discover many dozen if Earth-like planets are common. It will characterize the multiple-planet systems that are now known to exist, and it will be able to search for terrestrial planets around all of the candidate target stars in the Terrestrial Planet Finder and Darwin mission lists. It will be capable of detecting planets around young stars, thereby providing insights into how planetary systems are born and how they evolve with time. Precision astrometry allows the measurement of accurate dynamical masses for stars in binary systems. SIM PlanetQuest will observe significant numbers of very high- and low-mass stars, providing stellar masses to 1%, the accuracy needed to challenge physical models. Using precision proper-motion measurements, SIM PlanetQuest will probe the Galactic mass distribution, and, through studies of tidal tails, the formation and evolution of the Galactic halo. SIM PlanetQuest will contribute to cosmology through improved accuracy of the Hubble constant. With repeated astrometric measurements of the nuclei of active galaxies, SIM PlanetQuest will probe the dynamics of accretion disks around supermassive black holes, and the relativistic jets that emerge from them. C1 [Unwin, Stephen C.; Shao, Michael; Tanner, Angelle M.; Catanzarite, Joseph H.; Edberg, Stephen J.; Jones, Dayton L.; Makarov, Valeri V.; Meier, David L.; Pan, Xiaopei; Pitesky, Jo Eliza; Shaklan, Stuart B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Allen, Ronald J.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Beichman, Charles A.; Ciardi, David R.; Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.; Law, Nicholas M.] CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Boboltz, David; Fey, Alan L.; Johnston, Kenneth J.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Chaboyer, Brian C.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Fischer, Debra A.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Gelino, Christopher R.; Grillmair, Carl] Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA. [Gould, Andrew P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Henry, Todd J.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Johnston, Kathryn V.] Wesleyan Univ, Van Vleck Observ, Middletown, CT 06457 USA. [Johnston, Kathryn V.] Columbia Univ, Pupin Phys Labs, New York, NY USA. [Majewski, Steven R.; Patterson, Richard J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Marcy, Geoffrey W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Olling, Rob P.; Shaya, Edward J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Quirrenbach, Andreas] Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl 12, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Strigari, Louis E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA USA. [Tomsick, John A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Tomsick, John A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wehrle, Ann E.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Worthey, Guy] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Unwin, SC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM stephen.unwin@jpl.nasa.gov RI Patterson, Richard/F-5690-2013; OI Patterson, Richard/0000-0003-1494-8399; Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887; Strigari, Louis/0000-0001-5672-6079; Chaboyer, Brian/0000-0003-3096-4161; Ciardi, David/0000-0002-5741-3047; Fischer, Debra/0000-0003-2221-0861 NR 314 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 120 IS 863 BP 38 EP 88 DI 10.1086/525059 PG 51 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 256VO UT WOS:000252758200005 ER PT S AU Bailey, SG Wilt, DM McNatt, JS Fritzenmeler, L Hubbard, SM Bailey, CG Raffaelle, RP AF Bailey, Sheila G. Wilt, David M. McNatt, Jeremiah S. Fritzenmeler, Les Hubbard, Seth M. Bailey, Christopher G. Raffaelle, Ryne P. GP IEEE TI THIN FILM POLY III-V SPACE SOLAR CELLS SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn ID PHOTOVOLTAICS; GAAS AB Results on the development of polycrystalline III-V based devices grown by OMVPE on thin metallic foil substrates are presented. It has previously been demonstrated that device quality polycrystalline Ge suitable for OMVPE growth can be produced on metallic foils using a recrystallization process. This work reports on the development of textured metal foil substrates with low misfit grain boundary orientations designed to improve the semiconducting device parameters of the "epitaxially" deposited Ge films, the use of innovative device structures, and grain boundary passivation approaches for the polycrystalline GaAs films that are all designed to address performance issues associated with these types of solar cells. The Ge which serves as the III-V growth template could be activated and serve as the bottom junction of a conventional triple junction III-V cell design using this approach. The crystallographic, morphological, and electro-optical properties associated with these substrates and related epitaxial films will be presented. In addition, the thermal and radiation behavior, that is critical for the potential use of these devices in space, was investigated. The potential for these devices for future space development and exploration will be discussed. C1 [Bailey, Sheila G.; Wilt, David M.; McNatt, Jeremiah S.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Fritzenmeler, Les] Wakonda Technol, Fairport, NY USA. [Hubbard, Seth M.; Bailey, Christopher G.; Raffaelle, Ryne P.] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY USA. RP Bailey, SG (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 105 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000024 ER PT S AU Hubbard, SM Bailey, CG Cress, CD Polly, S Clark, J Forbes, DV Raffaelle, RP Bailey, SG Wilt, DM AF Hubbard, Seth M. Bailey, Christopher G. Cress, Cory D. Polly, Stephen Clark, Jeremy Forbes, David V. Raffaelle, Ryne P. Bailey, Sheila G. Wilt, David M. GP IEEE TI SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT ENHANCEMENT OF GaAs SOLAR CELLS USING STRAIN COMPENSATED InAs QUANTUM DOTS SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn ID INTERMEDIATE BAND AB Tensile strain compensation (SC) layers were introduced into GaAs p-i-n solar cells grown with a five-stack of InAs quantum dots (QDs) within the i-region. The effects of strain within stacked layers of InAs quantum dots (QDs) were investigated using high resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD). Analysis of the HRXRD data shows that the average lattice strain is minimized for the optimal SC thickness. One sun air mass zero illuminated current-voltage curves show that SC results in improved conversion efficiency and reduced dark current when compared to uncompensated devices. The strain compensated 5-layer QD solar cell shows a 0.9 mA/cm(2) increase in short circuit current compared to a baseline GaAs cell. Quantum efficiency measurements show this additional current results from photo-generated carriers within the quantum confined material. C1 [Hubbard, Seth M.; Bailey, Christopher G.; Cress, Cory D.; Polly, Stephen; Clark, Jeremy; Forbes, David V.; Raffaelle, Ryne P.] Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Lab, 85 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Bailey, Sheila G.; Wilt, David M.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Photovolta & Space Environm Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Hubbard, SM (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Lab, 85 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM seth.hubbard@rit.edu RI Cress, Cory/A-8673-2009; Polly, Stephen/C-1776-2015 OI Polly, Stephen/0000-0002-7563-6738 FU U.S. Government; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG36-08GO18012]; NASA [NNX07AE14G]; CFD Research Corp under NASA [NNC07CA20C] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Government and by the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG36-08GO18012). Additional support was provided by NASA under contract No. NNX07AE14G and by CFD Research Corp. under NASA contract No. NNC07CA20C. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 1001 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000221 ER PT S AU Imaizumi, M Harris, RD Walters, RJ Lorentzen, JR Messenger, SR Tischler, JG Ohshima, T Sato, S Sharps, PR Fatemi, NS AF Imaizumi, M. Harris, R. D. Walters, R. J. Lorentzen, J. R. Messenger, S. R. Tischler, J. G. Ohshima, T. Sato, S. Sharps, P. R. Fatemi, N. S. GP IEEE TI IRRADIATION AND MEASUREMENT OF SOLAR CELLS AT LOW INTENSITY, LOW TEMPERATURE (LILT) CONDITIONS SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn AB This paper presents measurement and analysis of triple junction InGaP/GaAs/Ge solar cells after irradiation and measurement under low temperature and low intensity (LILT) conditions. The goal of these experiments was to quantify any annealing effects that might emerge after irradiation at low temperature and subsequent measurement after room temperature anneal. This was accomplished by using the facility at JAEA, which enables simultaneous irradiation and measurement at temperature without breaking vacuum. Low intensity illumination was attained by placing screens between the simulator and the low temperature chamber. Proton irradiation at 10 MeV and electron irradiation at 1 MeV were performed. Low temperature irradiations were followed by a room temperature annealing. Room temperature irradiations were also performed for comparison. The results show that cells irradiated at LILT recovers on order of 20% of the radiation-induced degradation in short circuit current after room temperature annealing. C1 [Imaizumi, M.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Harris, R. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Walters, R. J.; Lorentzen, J. R.; Messenger, S. R.; Tischler, J. G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tischler, J. G.; Ohshima, T.] Japanese Atomic Energy Agcy, Takasaki, Gumma 3701292, Japan. [Sato, S.; Sharps, P. R.; Fatemi, N. S.] Emcore Photovoltaics, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Imaizumi, M (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 1182 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000259 ER PT S AU Ferguson, DC Rhee, MS AF Ferguson, Dale C. Rhee, Michael S. GP IEEE TI Controlling Charging and Arcing on a Solar Powered Auroral Orbiting Spacecraft SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn AB The Global Precipitation Measurement satellite (GPM) will be launched into a high inclination (65 degree) orbit to monitor rainfall on a Global scale. Satellites in high inclination orbits have been shown to charge to high negative potentials, with the possibility of arcing on the solar arrays, when three conditions are met: a drop in plasma density below similar to 10,000 cm(-3), an injection of energetic electrons of energy more that 7-10 keV, and passage through darkness. Since all of these conditions are expected to obtain for some of the GPM orbits, charging calculations were done using first the Space Environment and Effects (SEE) Program Interactive Spacecraft Charging Handbook, and secondly the NASA Air-force Spacecraft Charging Analyzer Program (NASCAP-2k). The object of the calculations was to determine if charging was likely for the GPM configuration and materials, and specifically to see if choosing a particular type of thermal white paint would help minimize charging. A detailed NASCAP-2k geometrical model of the GPM spacecraft was built, with such a large number of nodes that it challenged the capability of NASCAP-2k to do the calculations. The results of the calculations were that for worst-case aurora] charging conditions, charging to levels on the order of -120 to -230 volts could occur on GPM during night-time, with differential voltages on the solar arrays that might lead to solar array arcing. In sunlit conditions, charging did not exceed -20 V under any conditions. The night-time results were sensitive to the spacecraft surface materials chosen. For non-conducting white paints, the charging was severe, and could continue unabated throughout the passage of GPM through the auroral zone. Somewhat conductive (dissipative) white paints minimized the night-time charging to levels of - 120 V or less, and thus were recommended for GPM thermal control. It is shown that the choice of thermal control paints is important to prevent arcing on high inclination orbiting spacecraft solar arrays as well as for GEO satellites, even for solar array designs chosen to minimize arcing. C1 [Ferguson, Dale C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Rhee, Michael S.] NASA, C Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Ferguson, DC (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 1187 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000260 ER PT S AU Cress, CD Bailey, CG Hubbard, SM Wilt, DM Bailey, SG Raffaelle, RP AF Cress, Cory D. Bailey, Christopher G. Hubbard, Seth M. Wilt, David M. Bailey, Sheila G. Raffaelle, Ryne P. GP IEEE TI RADIATION EFFECTS ON STRAIN COMPENSATED QUANTUM DOT SOLAR CELLS SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn AB The effects of alpha-particle irradiation on the current-voltage characteristics and spectral responsivity of GaAs-based p-type / intrinsic / n-type solar cell devices containing 5-layers of InAs quantum dots (QD) grown with strain-compensation layers were investigated. The devices were subjected to similar to 4.2 MeV alpha-particle irradiation and the variation in the air mass zero short circuit current, open circuit voltage, fill factor, efficiency, and spectral responsivity were monitored as function of fluence and displacement damage dose. The measured spectral responsivity values of the quantum dot solar cell at wavelengths above and below the GaAs bandgap were used to investigate the rate of degradation in the InAs QDs in comparison to that of bulk GaAs. A computational model was developed to study the effects of strain on the energy threshold for atomic displacement (knock-out energy) of indium and arsenic within an InAs QD. Using the many-body Tersoff potentials, the energy of the primary knock-on atom occupying various sites within the lattice was calculated as a function of strain. The observed increases in minimum knock-out energy and interstitial-site energy with strain suggest a potential mechanism for the increased radiation tolerance observed in Stranski-Krastanow grown QDs. C1 [Cress, Cory D.; Bailey, Christopher G.; Hubbard, Seth M.] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Wilt, David M.; Bailey, Sheila G.; Raffaelle, Ryne P.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Photovolta & Space Environm Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Cress, CD (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM rprsps@rit.edu RI Cress, Cory/A-8673-2009 FU DOD [FA95500610319]; AFOSR [FA95500610319]; NASA under a GSRP [NNX07AR57H] FX The authors would like to thank Dr.John Andersen for insightful discussions regarding the Tersoff potential energy model and Stephen J.Polly for his assistance in preparing the manuscript and presentation.; This work was supported by the DOD and the AFOSR under the contract No.FA95500610319. Additionally, C.D.C would like to acknowledge funding by NASA under a GSRP fellowship award No.NNX07AR57H NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 1390 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000307 ER PT S AU Stella, PM Mardesich, N Edmondson, K Fetzer, C Boca, A AF Stella, Paul M. Mardesich, Nick Edmondson, Kenneth Fetzer, Chris Boca, Andreea GP IEEE TI MARS OPTIMIZED SOLAR CELL TECHNOLOGY (MOST) SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn AB Solar cells used for all Mars surface applications have been commercially available space qualified AM0 devices optimized for Earth orbiting geosynchronous applications. Due to fine dust circulating in the Martian atmosphere, which reduces the short wavelength light component, these cells are not optimized for Mars surface operation. As a result, these cells operate at less than optimal efficiency. As part of an effort to address Mars applicable technology, sponsored by JPL and funded by NASA, a multi-year program (MOST) was initiated in 2004, to optimize commercial AM0 cells to the Mars surface spectrum. This paper discusses the overall program and performance results for the modified cells. In addition, the performance of the MER solar arrays will be updated to reflect their nearly four (4) year operation. This includes data for the daily peak current and integrated power, the impact of dust deposited on the panels, and the panel temperatures. C1 [Stella, Paul M.; Mardesich, Nick] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Edmondson, Kenneth; Fetzer, Chris; Boca, Andreea] Spectrolab Inc, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. RP Stella, PM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 1456 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000321 ER PT S AU Vayner, B Ferguson, D Galofaro, J AF Vayner, Boris Ferguson, Dale Galofaro, Joel GP IEEE TI Damaging Effects of Arcing on Solar Array Surfaces SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn AB Several different brands of solar cells and conventionally designed solar array samples were tested under simulated Low Earth Orbit and Geosynchronous Orbit conditions. The threshold parameters were determined for the inception of primary discharges and sustained arcs. These tests allow choosing a solar array design that provides the best suppression for differential charging-induced arcing. C1 [Vayner, Boris] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. [Ferguson, Dale] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Galofaro, Joel] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Vayner, B (reprint author), Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 1462 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000322 ER PT S AU Ley, V Stella, PM Mardesich, N AF Ley, Vance Stella, Paul M. Mardesich, Nick GP IEEE TI Optimization of Triple-Junction Solar Cells for Martian Polar Conditions SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn AB Triple junction solar cells have been designed and fabricated for optimal performance under the Martian 60 degrees latitude solar spectrum. Missions to Mar's polar latitudes will require cells optimized for the region's extreme conditions, including low solar intensity and temperature. Under a contract with JPL, Emcore's space-qualified satellite cell has been modified for optimal performance under the Martian solar spectrum. The top-cell thickness and grid design were re-engineered for the MER60 spectrum, yielding efficiencies as high as 27.4%. This represents a 2.2% absolute improvement over cells optimized for AM0 when tested under the MER60 spectrum C1 [Ley, Vance] Emcore Photovolta, 10420 Res Rd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Stella, Paul M.; Mardesich, Nick] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ley, V (reprint author), Emcore Photovolta, 10420 Res Rd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM Vance_Ley@emcore.com FU JPL [1268192] FX This work was supported by JPL Subcontract Number 1268192. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 1481 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000327 ER PT S AU Piszczor, MF Benson, SW Scheiman, DA Snyder, DB Fincannon, HJ Oleson, SR Landis, GA AF Piszczor, Michael F. Benson, Scott W. Scheiman, David A. Snyder, David B. Fincannon, Homer J. Oleson, Steven R. Landis, Geoffrey A. GP IEEE TI ADVANCED SOLAR CELL AND ARRAY TECHNOLOGY FOR NASA DEEP SPACE MISSIONS SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn AB A recent study by the NASA Glenn Research Center assessed the feasibility of using photovoltaics (PV) to power spacecraft for outer planetary, deep space missions. While the majority of spacecraft have relied on photovoltaics; for primary power, the drastic reduction in solar intensity as the spacecraft moves farther from the sun has either limited the power available (severely curtailing scientific operations) or necessitated the use of nuclear systems. A desire by NASA and the scientific community to explore various bodies in the outer solar system and conduct "long-term" operations using smaller, "lower-cost" spacecraft has renewed interest in exploring the feasibility of using photovoltaics for missions to Jupiter, Saturn and beyond. With recent advances in solar cell performance and continuing development in lightweight, high power solar array technology, the study determined that photovoltaics is indeed a viable option for many of these missions. C1 [Piszczor, Michael F.; Benson, Scott W.; Snyder, David B.; Fincannon, Homer J.; Oleson, Steven R.; Landis, Geoffrey A.] NASA, John Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Scheiman, David A.] ASRC Aerosp Corp, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Piszczor, MF (reprint author), NASA, John Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 2058 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000452 ER PT S AU Landis, GA AF Landis, Geoffrey A. GP IEEE TI SOLAR POWER FOR NEAR-SUN, HIGH-TEMPERATURE MISSIONS SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn AB Existing solar cells lose performance at the high temperatures encountered in Mercury orbit and inward toward the sun. For future missions designed to probe environments close to the sun, it is desirable to develop array technologies for high temperature and high light intensity. Approaches to solar array design for near-sun missions include modifying the terms governing temperature of the cell and the efficiency at elevated temperature, or use of techniques to reduce the incident solar energy to limit operating temperature. An additional problem is found in missions that involve a range of intensities, such as the Solar Probe + mission, which ranges from a starting distance of 1 AU from the sun to a minimum distance of 9.5 solar radii, or 0.044 AU. During the mission, the solar intensity ranges from one to about 500 times AM0. This requires a power system to operate over nearly three orders of magnitude of incident intensity. C1 NASA, John Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Landis, GA (reprint author), NASA, John Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 2063 EP 2067 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000453 ER PT S AU Jenkins, PP Walters, RJ Greer, LC Krasowski, MJ Flatico, JM Bruninga, CDRR Myre, CDRD Lorentzen, JR Crist, K Edmondson, K Boca, A AF Jenkins, Phillip P. Walters, Robert J. Greer, Lawrence C. Krasowski, Michael J. Flatico, Joseph M. Bruninga, C. D. R. Robert Myre, C. D. R. David Lorentzen, Justin R. Crist, Kevin Edmondson, Kenneth Boca, Andreea GP IEEE TI IN-FLIGHT PERFORMANCE OF III-V MULTI-JUNCTION SOLAR CELLS FROM THE FORWARD TECHNOLOGY SOLAR CELL EXPERIMENT SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn AB The Materials on the International Space Station Experiments (MISSE) present a unique opportunity in space science by offering a low-cost platform to expose materials directly to the space environment on the International Space Station (ISS). MISSE experiments consist of a "suitcase" like package known as the "Passive Experiment Carrier" (PEC) that can be carded by astronauts and mounted externally to the ISS. The 5(th) MISSE payload (MISSE-5) contained both passive and active experiments. The Forward Technology Solar Cell Experiment (FTSCE) on MISSE-5 measured current-voltage (I-V) characteristics on 36 solar cells of various types. Over 1500 I-V curves were recorded on each cell during a 13-month period. This paper analyses the results for all the III-V multi-junction cells flown, including state-of-the-art space qualified cells and next generation metamorphic cells. C1 [Jenkins, Phillip P.; Walters, Robert J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Greer, Lawrence C.; Krasowski, Michael J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Flatico, Joseph M.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. [Bruninga, C. D. R. Robert; Myre, C. D. R. David] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Lorentzen, Justin R.] SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. [Crist, Kevin] EMCORE Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Edmondson, Kenneth; Boca, Andreea] Spectrolab Inc, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. RP Jenkins, PP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 2072 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000455 ER PT S AU Wilt, DM Pal, AT Ringel, SA Fitzgerald, EA Jenkins, PP Walters, R AF Wilt, David M. Pal, AnnaMaria T. Ringel, Steven A. Fitzgerald, Eugene A. Jenkins, Phillip P. Walters, Robert GP IEEE TI FINAL RESULTS FROM THE MISSE5 GaAs ON Si SOLAR CELL EXPERIMENT SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn AB GaAs on Si (GaAs/Si) solar cells with AM0 efficiencies in excess of 17% have been demonstrated using Si substrates coated with a step-graded buffer of SixGe1-x alloys graded to 100% Ge. A year of LEO testing of this technology aboard Materials International Space Station Experiment number 5 (MISSE5) was recently competed. Electrical performance data, sun angle and thermal conditions measured on-orbit, were telemetered to ground stations daily. Ground based measurements following flight were performed on both 1 cm(2) and 4 cm(2) GaAs/GaAs and GaAs/Si devices. The smaller area GaAs/Si cells showed low degradation rates for Isc, while all other cell parameters were comparable to control cells. However, the larger area GaAs/Si devices, while demonstrating similarly low Voc and FF degradation, demonstrated a larger than expected decrease in Isc. Comparison of pre and post flight QE data suggests the decrease in Isc for the large area cell may result from reduced cell active area rather than a degradation in material properties. Ground based thermal cycle testing did not replicate these results, thus differences in mounting techniques and materials may have contributed to the degradation observed on orbit for the large area device in this initial on-orbit test. Crack free GaAs/Si based devices have been demonstrated and offer a mitigation strategy for microcrack degradation. C1 [Wilt, David M.; Pal, AnnaMaria T.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Ringel, Steven A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH USA. [Fitzgerald, Eugene A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA USA. [Jenkins, Phillip P.; Walters, Robert] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Wilt, DM (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 2078 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000456 ER PT J AU Sud, YC Walker, GK Zhou, YP Lau, WKM AF Sud, Y. C. Walker, G. K. Zhou, Y. P. Lau, W. K. -M. TI Influence of local and remote sea surface temperatures on precipitation as inferred from changes in boundary-layer moisture convergence and moist thermodynamics over global oceans SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE GCM; SST; precipitation; physical dynamic responses ID RELAXED ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; TROPICAL CLIMATE; DEEP CONVECTION; SCHEME MCRAS; WATER-VAPOR; PART II AB A comprehensive method of estimating the influences of local versus remote sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on precipitation is developed. The method was applied to two ten-year simulations made with a general circulation model (GCM) and forced with prescribed SSTs. The simulation period spanned from 1 January 1982 to 31 December 1991. The first simulation (called Cs) was forced with naturally varying SSTs taken from the analysis of observations and the second simulation (called Cc) was forced with monthly mean climatology of SSTs used in Cs. Monthly data of evaporation, precipitation, mean vertical velocity and atmospheric moisture convergence were binned by 1 degrees C SST intervals and plotted as bin means and within-bin standard deviations. The plots showed that (i) binning captured the averaged trend of SST influences on the monthly fields, but with large standard deviations; (ii) all bin-averaged SST dependences were remarkably similar in the two simulations as well as in the single El Nino Southern Oscillation year of 1987; (iii) evaporation increased monotonically with SST up to about 27 degrees C after which it plateaued; and (iv) precipitation correlated much more with the vertical velocity than with the local SST. Monthly precipitation fields were doubly binned with respect to SSTs and boundary-layer moisture convergence (BLqC); data binned in this way were used to compute the partial derivatives of precipitation with respect to SST and BLqC. Together with the total rate of change of BLqC with local SSTs, the rate of change of precipitation with local SST was computed. The remaining precipitation differences were lumped together as all other remote effects. Simulation Cc was used to infer the natural variability of the precipitation required for the statistical significance of the local SST and/or remotely caused changes in precipitation. This analysis categorized all precipitation anomalies into four types: (i) where the local SST influences were significant, (ii) where the remote SSTs influences were significant, (iii) where both influences were significant, and (iv) where the natural variability was larger than both influences. Most of the precipitation responses to SSTs were as expected, while their seasonal behaviour revealed that local SSTs contribute to a number of features of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) including the double ITCZ in March-April-May. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Sud, Y. C.; Walker, G. K.; Zhou, Y. P.; Lau, W. K. -M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sud, YC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM sud@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Lau, William /E-1510-2012 OI Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691 FU NASA Earth Science Enterprise's Multidisciplinary Research in Climate, Chemistry, and Global Modeling FX We thank both anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and recommendations to better clarify the concepts and ideas of our analysis and how prescribed SST simulations relate to observations. The authors also wish to thank Professors P. Read and R. Seager for several useful comments on the original manuscript. NASA HQ funding managers Dr. Don Anderson and Dr. Tsengdar Lee supported our research and provided computer resources. Participation of YCS, WK-ML, and GKW is the result of that support. YPZ is supported by NASA Earth Science Enterprise's Multidisciplinary Research in Climate, Chemistry, and Global Modeling. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 134 IS 630 BP 147 EP 163 DI 10.1002/qj.193 PN A PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349PF UT WOS:000259292300010 ER PT S AU Green, JL AF Green, James L. BE Song, P Foster, J Mendillo, M Bilitza, D TI The struggle to get RPI on the IMAGE mission SO RADIO SOUNDING AND PLASMA PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Radio Plasma Imager Science Team Meeting/Radio Sounding and Plasma Physics Symposium/11th International Digisonde Forum CY APR 27-MAY 03, 2007 CL Lowell, MA SP DRS Codem Syst, Ball Aerospace Corp, Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Amer Inst Phys DE radio sounding; plasma waves; magnetosphere ID MAGNETOSPHERE AB The Radio Plasma Imager (RPI) on the IMAGE mission was a revolutionary instrument that remotely sensed regions of increasing plasma density through transmission then reception of a series of radio frequency pulses. This paper discusses the path that a dedicated team of researcher's took to be able to get this instrument on the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) mission. C1 NASA Headquarters, Planetary Sci Div, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Green, JL (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Planetary Sci Div, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0493-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 974 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BHI96 UT WOS:000253470500001 ER PT S AU Benson, RF AF Benson, Robert F. BE Song, P Foster, J Mendillo, M Bilitza, D TI Plasma physics using space-borne radio sounding SO RADIO SOUNDING AND PLASMA PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Radio Plasma Imager Science Team Meeting/Radio Sounding and Plasma Physics Symposium/11th International Digisonde Forum CY APR 27-MAY 03, 2007 CL Lowell, MA SP DRS Codem Syst, Ball Aerospace Corp, Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Amer Inst Phys DE ionosphere; magnetosphere; radio sounding; plasma resonance; plasma waves; if heating; fai; ion motions ID PROTON CYCLOTRON ECHOES; UPPER HYBRID RESONANCE; ELECTRON-DENSITY IRREGULARITIES; DURATION GYROHARMONIC RESONANCES; IONOSPHERIC TOPSIDE SOUNDERS; FREE ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; RELAXATION SOUNDER; OBLIQUE ECHOES; IO TORUS; CYLINDRICAL OSCILLATIONS AB Signal returns known as plasma resonances are prime examples of phenomena observed by space-borne sounders that cannot be properly interpreted using the magnetoionic theory. These resonances are well organized when their frequencies are normalized by the ambient electron cyclotron frequency f(ce) and displayed as a function of f(pe)/f(ce) where f(pe) is the ambient plasma frequency. Their explanations have involved warm-plasma propagation of sounder-generated electrostatic waves, sounder-generated plasma instability and non-linear effects, and eigenmodes of cylindrical em plasma oscillations. The latter represents a new plasma wave mode predicted by theory and confirmed by space-bome radio sounders (with magnetic-field-aligned electron-density irregularities (FAI) providing the medium for the cylindrical plasma oscillations). The observations of some of the resonances can be used as indicators of the electron distribution function which, in the magnetosphere, is often better described by a Kappa distribution than by a Maxwellian. There are additional phenomena that have been explained in terms of sounder-induced ion motions. Thus there are a variety of prominent sounder-stimulated plasma phenomena in space that require relaxations of one or more of the assumptions: cold, homogeneous, neutral, and immobile ions. In addition, there is evidence that space-bome radio sounders can stimulate, or enhance, FAI when encountering the conditions f(pe)/f(ce) approximate to n where n is an integer. This paper emphasizes the interpretation of plasma phenomena stimulated by the sounders on Alouette 1 & 2, and ISIS 1 & 2 in the topside ionosphere and on IMAGE in the magnetosphere. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Geospace Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Benson, RF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Geospace Phys Lab, Code 673, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 123 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0493-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 974 BP 20 EP 33 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BHI96 UT WOS:000253470500003 ER PT S AU Fung, SF AF Fung, Shing F. BE Song, P Foster, J Mendillo, M Bilitza, D TI Radio Plasma Imager and measurement of magnetospheric field-aligned electron density SO RADIO SOUNDING AND PLASMA PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Radio Plasma Imager Science Team Meeting/Radio Sounding and Plasma Physics Symposium/11th International Digisonde Forum CY APR 27-MAY 03, 2007 CL Lowell, MA SP DRS Codem Syst, Ball Aerospace Corp, Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Amer Inst Phys DE radio sounding; density models; kilometric continuum radiation; magnetosphere; plasmasphere; plasmapause; plasma waves; radiation belt; slot region; storm; wave-particle interaction ID KILOMETRIC CONTINUUM; MYRIAMETRIC RADIATION; TOPSIDE SOUNDERS; TERRESTRIAL; MISSION; MODEL; RPI; FEASIBILITY; RESONANCES; PROFILES AB The Radio Plasma Imager (RPI) aboard the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) satellite is a pioneering instrument that has made fundamental space plasma and wave observations. This paper reviews the RPI measurement techniques and measurement parameters. In particular, it focuses on RPI's capability in deducing the magnetic field-aligned electron density (FAED) profiles, which turn out to have significant contributions to (1) constructing magnetospheric density models, (2) understanding plasmaspheric refilling process, (3) understanding the source regions and generation mechanism of the kilometric continuum radiation, and (4) determining the location of electron scattering by whistler waves, a process responsible for the formation of the radiation-belt slot region. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Heliospher Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Fung, SF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Heliospher Phys Lab, Code 672, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Fung, Shing/F-5647-2012 NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0493-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 974 BP 97 EP 110 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BHI96 UT WOS:000253470500012 ER PT S AU Smith, ZB Gallagher, DL AF Smith, Z. B. Gallagher, D. L. BE Song, P Foster, J Mendillo, M Bilitza, D TI IMAGE RPI reawakens plasmaspheric refilling research SO RADIO SOUNDING AND PLASMA PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Radio Plasma Imager Science Team Meeting/Radio Sounding and Plasma Physics Symposium/11th International Digisonde Forum CY APR 27-MAY 03, 2007 CL Lowell, MA SP DRS Codem Syst, Ball Aerospace Corp, Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Amer Inst Phys DE plasmasphere; refilling; IMAGE; RPI; modeling ID ION TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY; PLASMA; MODEL; IONOSPHERE AB Plasmaspheric refilling has received increased attention in recent years following the introduction of the introduction of innovate sensors. "Global" observations and single flux-tube density observations made by sensors onboard the IMAGE satellite provide data crucial to the deconfliction of previous model's refilling results. This review will serve to highlight the observational and modeling progress since the late 1950s as well as to place in context the progress to be made using the data from IMAGE, specifically the Radio Plasma Imager. C1 [Smith, Z. B.] Willbrook Solut, 2905 Westcorp Blvd,Suite 211, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Gallagher, D. L.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Smith, ZB (reprint author), Willbrook Solut, 2905 Westcorp Blvd,Suite 211, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0493-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 974 BP 118 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BHI96 UT WOS:000253470500014 ER PT B AU Morscher, GN AF Morscher, G. N. BE Advani, SG Gillespie, JW TI Architecture Effects on Matrix Cracking for Low-Porosity 2D and 3D SiC/SiC Composites SO RECENT ADVANCES IN TEXTILE COMPOSITES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Textile Composites (TexComp9) CY OCT 13-15, 2008 CL Univ Delaware, Newark, DE HO Univ Delaware ID WOVEN AB The development in SiC/SiC composites over the past few years has resulted in significant advances in high temperature performance so that now these materials are being considered for several gas turbine and reusable hypersonic applications. In this study, it will be demonstrated how important fiber architectural features can be used to maximize the critical design parameter of "matrix cracking stress" for low-porosity 2D and 3D textile-based SiC/SiC composites. Emphasis is placed on the high-performance Sylramic-iBN fiber-reinforced slurry-cast melt-infiltrated composite system. C1 NASA, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Morscher, GN (reprint author), NASA, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 106-5,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Gregory.N.Morscher@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-81-7 PY 2008 BP 306 EP 314 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BIN32 UT WOS:000261029200037 ER PT S AU Standish, EM AF Standish, E. M. BE Macias, A Lammerzahl, C Camacho, A TI Planetary and Lunar Ephemerides: testing alternate gravitational theories SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN GRAVITATION AND COSMOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Mexican Meeting on Mathematical and Experimental Physics CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Colegio Nacl, Mexico City, MEXICO SP Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, CONACyT, CINVESTAV IPN HO Colegio Nacl DE ephemerides; Pioneer Anomaly; accuracy; gravity ID ASTEROID MASSES AB The planetary and lunar ephemerides have been improved over the past century by many orders of magnitude. It is expected that they will improve again into the fairly near future. The improvements come from more accurate observational data, from increased modelling of the gravitational equations of motion, and from the ability to numerically integrate the equations of motion. Present-day ephemerides have the accuracy to be able to test a number of proposed possible modifications to the presently accepted laws of gravitation. In the future, with further improved accuracies, the ephemerides will be able to test even more subtle modifications. Experiments show that the Voyager range residuals at Uranus and Neptune, reported by Anderson et al. (1995) [1], are fully consistent with other observational data and with present-day ephemerides. The modification to the laws of gravitation which is usually quoted to explain the Pioneer Anomaly, that of a constant acceleration of 8.74 x 10(-10) m/sec(2) directed toward the sun, added to each planet's acceleration, has been shown to be completely inconsistent with the planetary ephemerides. A suggested alternative form, where the acceleration is proportional to the planet's radial velocity, is marginally acceptable, but only when applied to just the planets past Saturn. A further form, where the acceleration is proportional to the planet's radial velocity squared, is acceptable to the planets from Saturn and outward. In none of the cases that were tested, can the force modification be applied to Jupiter: the changes in the solution parameters used to adjust the ephemerides become totally unacceptable. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Standish, EM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 301-150, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 8 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0496-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 977 BP 254 EP 263 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BHJ49 UT WOS:000253567700020 ER PT S AU Titarchuk, L Shaposhnikov, N AF Titarchuk, Lev Shaposhnikov, Nikolai BE Bianco, CL Xue, SS TI On the nature of the variability power decay towards soft spectral states in X-ray binaries. Case study in Cyg X-1 SO RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Italian-Sino Workshop on Relativistic Astrophysics CY JUL 20-28, 2007 CL Pescara, ITALY SP ICRANet DE accretion; accretion disks; stars : individual (Cyg X-1); radiation mechanisms; physical data and processes ID BLACK-HOLE BINARIES; FREQUENCY CORRELATION; CYGNUS-X-1; INDEX; MASS; X-1; NOISE AB A characteristic feature of the Fourier Power Density Spectrum (PDS) observed from black hole X-ray binaries in low/hard and intermediate spectral states is a broad band-limited noise, characterized by a constant below some frequency (a "break" frequency) and a power law above this frequency. It has been shown that the variability of this type can be produced by the inward diffusion of the local driving perturbations in a bounded configuration (accretion disk or corona). In the framework of this model, the perturbation diffusion time to is related to the phenomenological break frequency, while the PDS power-law slope above the "break" is determined by the viscosity distribution over the configuration. The perturbation diffusion scenario explains the decay of the power of X-ray variability observed in a number of compact sources (containing black hole and neutron star) during an evolution of theses sources from low/hard to high/soft states. We compare the model predictions with the subset of data from Cyg X-1 collected by the Rossi X-ray Time Explorer (RXTE). Our extensive analysis of the Cyg X-1 PDSs demonstrates that the observed integrated power P-x decreases approximately as a square root of the characteristic frequency of the driving oscillations v(dr). The RXTE observations of Cyg X-1 allow us to infer P-dr and to as a function of v(dr) Using the inferred dependences of the integrated power of the driving oscillations P-dr and to on v(dr) we demonstrate that the power predicted by the model also decays as P-x,P-diff proportional to v(dr)(-0.5) that is similar to the observed P-x behavior. We also apply the basic parameters of observed PDSs, power-law index and low frequency quasiperiodic oscillations, to infer Reynolds (Re) number from the observations using the method developed in our previous paper. Our analysis shows that Re-number increases from values about 10 in low/hard state to that about 70 during the high/soft state. C1 [Titarchuk, Lev] George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observ & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] Univ Ferrara, Dept Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Titarchuk, Lev] ICRANET, I-65122 Pescara, Italy. [Shaposhnikov, Nikolai] NASA Univ Sp Res Assoc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observ & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ltitarchuk@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; nikolai@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0483-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 966 BP 127 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHH42 UT WOS:000253292800022 ER PT S AU Ramesham, R Maki, JN Cucullu, GC AF Ramesham, Rajeshuni Maki, Justin N. Cucullu, Gordon C. BE Hartzell, AL Ramesham, R TI Qualification testing of Engineering Camera and Platinum Resistance Thermometer (PRT) sensors for Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) project under extreme temperatures to assess reliability and to enhance mission assurance SO RELIABILITY, PACKAGING, TESTING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Packaging, Testing and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS VII CY JAN 21-22, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Boston Univ, Photon Ctr DE engineering camera; platinum resistance thermometer; hardware qualification; extreme temperatures; package qualification; package reliability; thermal cycling AB Package Qualification and Verification (PQV) of advanced electronic packaging and interconnect technologies and various other types of qualification hardware for, the Mars Exploration Rover/Mars Science Laboratory flight projects has been performed to enhance the mission assurance. The qualification of hardware (Engineering Camera and Platinum Resistance Thermometer, PRT) under extreme cold temperatures has been performed with reference to various project requirements. The flight-like packages, sensors, and subassemblies have been selected for the study to survive three times (3x) the total number of expected temperature cycles resulting from all environmental and operational exposures occurring over the life of the flight hardware including all relevant manufacturing, ground operations and mission phases. Qualification has been performed by subjecting above flight-like qual hardware to the environmental temperature extremes and assessing T any structural failures or degradation in electrical performance due to either overstress or thermal cycle fatigue. Experiments of flight like hardware qualification test results have been described in this paper. C1 [Ramesham, Rajeshuni; Maki, Justin N.; Cucullu, Gordon C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ramesham, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 125-204D,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM rajeshuni.ramesham@jpl.nasa.gov; rajeshuni.ramesham@jpl.nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7059-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6884 AR 68840E DI 10.1117/12.765274 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHS41 UT WOS:000255942000012 ER PT S AU Pagano, TS AF Pagano, Thomas S. BE Krishnamurti, TN Goswami, BN Yatagai, A TI Improved products for assimilation and model validation from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on Aqua SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, OCEANS, AND INTERACTIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Atmosphere, Oceans and Interactions II CY NOV 19-20, 2008 CL Noumea, NEW CALEDONIA SP Govt Nouvelle-Caledonie, Inst Rech pour Dev (IRD), Secretariat Pacific Commun (SPC), Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Univ California, Scripps Inst Oceanography, Secretariat Permanent Pour Pacifique, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol (NICT), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA) DE Atmosphere; Sounding; AIRS; Aqua; Weather; Climate; Temperature; Water Vapor AB The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the EOS Aqua Spacecraft was launched on May 4, 2002. AIRS acquires hyperspectral infrared radiances in the 3.7-15.4 um spectral region with spectral resolution of better than 1200. Key channels from the AIRS Level 1B calibrated radiance product are currently assimilated into operational weather forecasts at NCEP and other international agencies. Additional Level 2 products for assimilation include the AIRS cloud cleared radiances and the geophysical retrieved temperature and water vapor profiles. The AIRS products are also used to validate climate model vertical and horizontal biases and transport of water vapor and key trace gases including Carbon Dioxide and Ozone. The wide variety of products available from the AIRS make it well suited to study processes affecting the interaction of these products. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pagano, TS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Thomas.S.Pagano@jpl.nasa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7390-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7148 AR 714802 DI 10.1117/12.804906 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBN99 UT WOS:000307646600002 ER PT S AU Murray, J Helms, D Miner, C AF Murray, John Helms, David Miner, Cecilia BE Feltz, FW Murray, JJ TI Sensor Performance Considerations for Aviation Weather Observations for the NOAA Consolidated Observations Requirements List (CORL CT-AWX) SO Remote Sensing Applications for Aviation Weather Hazard Detection and Decision Support SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing Applications for Aviation Weather Hazard Detection and Decision Support CY AUG 13-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Observations; aviation weather; nowcasting; forecasting; requirements AB Airspace system demand is expected to increase as much as 300 percent by the year 2025 and the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) is being developed to accommodate the super-density operations that this will entail. Concomitantly, significant improvements in observations and forecasting are being undertaken to support NextGen which will require greatly improved and more uniformly applied data for aviation weather hazards and constraints which typically comprise storm-scale and microscale observables. Various phenomena are associated with these hazards and constraints such as convective weather, in-flight icing, turbulence, and volcanic ash as well as more mundane aviation parameters such as cloud tops and bases and fuel-freeze temperatures at various flight levels. Emerging problems for aviation in space weather and the environmental impacts of aviation are also occurring at these scales. Until recently, the threshold and objective observational requirements for these observables had not been comprehensively documented in a single, authoritative source. Scientists at NASA and NOAA have recently completed this task and have established baseline observational requirements for the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) and expanded and updated the NOAA Consolidated Observations Requirements List (CORL) for Aviation (CT-AWX) to better inform National Weather Service investments for current and future observing systems. This paper describes the process and results of this effort. These comprehensive aviation observation requirements will now be used to conduct gap analyses for the aviation component of the Integrated Earth Observing System and to inform the investment strategies of the FAA, NASA, and NOAA that are needed to develop the observational architecture to support NextGen and other users of storm and microscale observations. C1 [Murray, John] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Murray, J (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7308-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7088 AR 708802 DI 10.1117/12.795233 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Transportation Science & Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Transportation GA BIS78 UT WOS:000262473000002 ER PT S AU Reehorst, A Brinker, D Politovich, M Serke, D Ryerson, C Pazmany, A Solheim, F AF Reehorst, Andrew Brinker, David Politovich, Marcia Serke, David Ryerson, Charles Pazmany, Andrew Solheim, Fredrick BE Feltz, FW Murray, JJ TI Progress towards the remote sensing of aircraft icing hazards SO Remote Sensing Applications for Aviation Weather Hazard Detection and Decision Support SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing Applications for Aviation Weather Hazard Detection and Decision Support CY AUG 13-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Aircraft Icing; Remote Sensing; Radar; Radiometry; Aircraft Hazards; Cloud Physics; Airborne; Ground-Based ID CLOUD LIQUID WATER; RADAR AB NASA has teamed with the FAA, DoD, industry, and academia for research into the remote detection and measurement of atmospheric conditions leading to aircraft icing hazards. The ultimate goal of this effort is to provide pilots, controllers, and dispatchers sufficient information to allow aircraft to avoid or minimize their exposure to the hazards of in-flight icing. Since the hazard of in-flight icing is the outcome of aircraft flight through clouds containing supercooled liquid water and strongly influenced by the aircraft's speed and configuration and by the length of exposure, the hazard can't be directly detected, but must be inferred based upon the measurement of conducive atmospheric conditions. Therefore, icing hazard detection is accomplished through the detection and measurement of liquid water in regions of measured sub-freezing air temperatures. The icing environment is currently remotely measured from the ground with a system fusing radar, lidar, and multi-frequency microwave radiometer sensors. Based upon expected ice accretion severity for the measured environment, a resultant aircraft hazard is then calculated. Because of the power, size, weight, and view angle constraints of airborne platforms, the current ground-based solution is not applicable for flight. Two current airborne concepts are the use of either multi-frequency radiometers or multi-frequency radar. Both ground-based and airborne solutions are required for the future since ground-based systems can provide hazard detection for all aircraft in airport terminal regions while airborne systems will be needed to provide equipped aircraft with flight path coverage between terminal regions. C1 [Reehorst, Andrew] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Reehorst, A (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7308-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7088 AR 70880J DI 10.1117/12.795154 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Transportation Science & Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Transportation GA BIS78 UT WOS:000262473000013 ER PT S AU Smith, JA Deppe, JL AF Smith, James A. Deppe, Jill L. BE Neale, CMU Owe, M DUrso, G TI Space-based ornithology - studying bird migration and environmental change in North America SO REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology X part of the 15th International Symposium on Remote Sensing CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Univ Wales Inst, Cardiff, WALES SP SPIE Europe HO Univ Wales Inst DE Satellite remote sensing; bird migration modeling; habitat suitability analysis; environmental change ID LANDSCAPE; CLIMATE AB Natural fluctuations in the availability of critical stopover sites coupled with anthropogenic destruction of wetlands, land-use change, and anticipated losses due to climate change present migratory birds with a formidable challenge. Space based technology in concert with bird migration modeling and geographical information analysis yields new opportunities to shed light on the distribution and movement of organisms on the planet and their sensitivity to human disturbances and environmental changes. At the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, we are creating ecological forecasting tools for science and application users to address the consequences of loss of wetlands, flooding, drought or other natural disasters such as hurricanes on avian biodiversity and bird migration. We use an individual-based bird biophysical migration model, driven by remotely sensed land surface data, climate and hydrologic data, and biological field observations to study migratory bird responses to environmental change in North America. Simulation allows us to study bird migration across multiple scales and can be linked to mechanistic processes describing the time and energy budget states of migrating birds. We illustrate our approach by simulating the spring migration of pectoral sandpipers from the Gulf of Mexico to Alaska. Mean stopover length and trajectory patterns are consistent with field observations. C1 [Smith, James A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM James.A.Smith@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7335-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7104 AR 710402 DI 10.1117/12.801243 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BCK02 UT WOS:000310360200002 ER PT S AU Diner, DJ Nelson, DL Chen, Y Kahn, RA Logan, J Leung, FY Martin, MV AF Diner, David J. Nelson, David L. Chen, Yang Kahn, Ralph A. Logan, Jennifer Leung, Fok-Yan Martin, Maria Val BE Hao, WM TI Quantitative studies of wildfire smoke injection heights with the Terra Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer SO REMOTE SENSING OF FIRE: SCIENCE AND APPLICATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Fire - Science and Application CY AUG 10, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE wildfires; smoke; plumes; stereo imaging; MISR ID CENTRAL-AMERICAN FIRES; UNITED-STATES; MISR; RETRIEVAL; TRANSPORT; IMPACT AB The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) is in its ninth year of operation aboard NASA's Terra satellite. MISR acquires imagery at nine view angles between 70.5 degrees forward and backward of nadir. Stereoscopic image matching of red band data at 275-m horizontal spatial resolution provides measurements of aerosol plume heights in the vicinity and downwind of wildfires. We are supplementing MISR's standard stereo product with more detailed, higher vertical spatial resolution stereo retrievals over individual smoke plumes, using the MISR INteractive eXplorer (MINX) analysis tool. To limit the amount of data that must be processed, MODIS (Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) thermal anomaly data are used to identify fire locations. Data over North America are being analyzed to generate a climatology of smoke injection heights and to derive a general parameterization for the injection heights that can be used within non-plume-resolving chemical transport models. In 2002, we find that up to about 30% of fire plumes over North America reached the free troposphere. Sufficiently buoyant plumes tend to become trapped near stratified stable layers within the atmospheric vertical profile, supporting a result first obtained on a more limited set of MISR data [1]. Data from other years are being processed to further establish the robustness of these conclusions. C1 [Diner, David J.; Nelson, David L.; Chen, Yang] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Diner, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM David.J.Diner@jpl.nasa.gov RI Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012 OI Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7309-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7089 AR 708908 DI 10.1117/12.795215 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR90 UT WOS:000262362300006 ER PT S AU Fishman, J Al-Saadi, JA Neil, DO Creilson, JK Severance, K Thomason, LW Edwards, DR AF Fishman, Jack Al-Saadi, Jassim A. Neil, Doreen O. Creilson, John K. Severance, Kurt Thomason, Larry W. Edwards, David R. BE Hao, WM TI Satellite remote sensing of atmospheric pollution: The far-reaching impact of burning in southern Africa SO REMOTE SENSING OF FIRE: SCIENCE AND APPLICATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Fire - Science and Application CY AUG 10, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE pollution; biomass burning; aerosols; tropical trace gas emissions; Southern Hemisphere; carbon monoxide ID TROPOSPHERIC CARBON-MONOXIDE; CO; OZONE; MIDDLE; SPACE AB When the first observations of a tropospheric trace gas were obtained in the 1980s, carbon monoxide enhancements from tropical biomass burning dominated the observed features. In 2005, an active remote-sensing system to provide detailed information on the vertical distribution of aerosols and clouds was launched, and again, one of the most imposing features observed was the presence of emissions from tropical biomass burning. This paper presents a brief overview of space-borne observations of the distribution of trace gases and aerosols and how tropical biomass burning, primarily in the Southern Hemisphere, has provided an initially surprising picture of the distribution of these species and how they have evolved from prevailing transport patterns in that hemisphere. We also show how interpretation of these observations has improved significantly as a result of the improved capability of trajectory modeling in recent years and how information from this capability has provided additional insight into previous measurements form satellites. C1 [Fishman, Jack; Al-Saadi, Jassim A.; Neil, Doreen O.; Creilson, John K.; Severance, Kurt; Thomason, Larry W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Fishman, J (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7309-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7089 AR 708903 DI 10.1117/12.799499 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR90 UT WOS:000262362300002 ER PT B AU Franceschetti, G Iodice, A Riccio, D AF Franceschetti, Giorgio Iodice, Antonio Riccio, Daniele BE Weng, Q TI SAR Images of Built-Up Areas: Models and Data Interpretation SO REMOTE SENSING OF IMPERVIOUS SURFACES SE Taylor & Francis Series in Remote Sensing Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RAW SIGNAL SIMULATION; BACKSCATTER ANALYSIS; URBAN ENVIRONMENTS; DIFFRACTION; EXTRACTION; BUILDINGS C1 [Franceschetti, Giorgio; Iodice, Antonio; Riccio, Daniele] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Elect & Telecommun Engn, Naples, Italy. [Franceschetti, Giorgio] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Franceschetti, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-4374-7 J9 T&F SER REMOTE SENS PY 2008 BP 297 EP 330 PG 34 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BKA75 UT WOS:000267613700015 ER PT S AU Chesters, D Riishojgaard, LP AF Chesters, Dennis Riishojgaard, Lars Peter BE Ardanuy, PE Puschell, JJ TI The "Breas" concept for imaging polar winds from the Iridium-NEXT constellation SO REMOTE SENSING SYSTEM ENGINEERING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st SPIE Conference on Remote Sensing System Engineering CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE polar wind; data assimilation; microbolometer; Iridium-NEXT AB The Iridium communications satellite constellation is a swarm of 66 LEO satellites in 6 pole-crossing orbits. Iridium LLC plans a NEXT generation to be launched 2013-16, and has invited secondary "bolt and go" payloads from Earth-observing agencies. A swarm of infrared imagers on Iridium-NEXT could track water vapor and clouds to estimate the unobserved winds above the 55-60 degree latitude limit of geosynchronous satellite imagery. This kind of polar overpass data has been demonstrated to significantly improve medium-range weather forecasts by tracking water vapor features at 6.7 microns in successive images near the pole from NASA's MODIS instruments. A "Boreas" instrument design is proposed for a push-broom imager combining two miniature sensors: uncooled microbolometric cameras gathering 4-band infrared radiometry, and small star trackers providing attitude information. An autonomous instrument package has been designed with low mass, power, and data rate. The "Boreas" instrument would use the Iridium constellation itself to relay the raw imagery from 3 Successive images to ground stations that would navigate the data and extract wind vectors. Wind vectors could be generated automatically for the polar caps every few hours, and delivered for assimilation into numerical weather models during Iridium-NEXT operations, during 2016-2030. C1 [Chesters, Dennis] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chesters, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7307-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7087 AR 70870P DI 10.1117/12.800767 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR89 UT WOS:000262362200019 ER PT S AU Jones, JA Sargsyan, A Pietryzk, R Sams, C Stepaniak, P Whitson, P AF Jones, Jeffrey A. Sargsyan, Ashot Pietryzk, Robert Sams, C. Stepaniak, Phillip Whitson, P. BE Evan, AP Lingeman, JE McAteer, JA Williams, JC TI Urolithiasis and Genitourinary Systems Issues for Spaceflight SO RENAL STONE DISEASE 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Urolithiasis Research Symposium CY APR 17-18, 2008 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Int Kidney Stone Inst DE urinary stones; citrate; risk factors ID RENAL STONE RISK; INTERNATIONAL-SPACE-STATION; LONG-DURATION SPACEFLIGHT; BODY NEGATIVE-PRESSURE; INDUCED BONE LOSS; BED REST; TREADMILL EXERCISE; FLIGHT; ASTRONAUTS; COUNTERMEASURE AB Genitourinary medical events have shown to be an issue for both short duration and long duration spaceflight, and are anticipated to also be a potential issue for future exploration missions as well. This is based on actual historical pre-, in- and post-flight medical events, as well as assessment of what future flight challenges lay ahead. For this study, retrospective record review, as well as prospective studies of ultrasound and contingency management procedure development, and oral urinary stone prophylaxis were conducted. Results showed that the incidence of prior urinary calculi in- and post-flight was a risk driver for development of on-orbit countenneasures, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic methods for a possible in-flight calculus contingency. Oral potassium citrate and bisphosphonate preparations show promise for prophylaxis in spaceflight risk reduction. We conclude that a properly developed approach of selection, monitoring, and preventive medicine with effective countermeasures, along with early imaging diagnosis and minimally-invasive contingency intervention, should prevent issues such as urinary calculi from having a significant mission impact for exploration-class spaceflight. C1 [Jones, Jeffrey A.; Sams, C.; Stepaniak, Phillip; Whitson, P.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Jones, Jeffrey A.] Int Space Univ, Strasbourg, France. [Sargsyan, Ashot] Wyle Lab, Houston, TX USA. [Pietryzk, Robert] MS Enterprise Advisory Serv Inc, Houston, TX USA. [Jones, Jeffrey A.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. RP Jones, JA (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0577-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1049 BP 293 EP + PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics, Applied; Urology & Nephrology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Urology & Nephrology GA BIN28 UT WOS:000261024700029 ER PT J AU Washer, G Brooks, T Saulsberry, R AF Washer, Glenn Brooks, Thomas Saulsberry, Regor TI Investigating the effects of aging on the Raman scattering of Kevlar strands SO RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE aging; composite; Kevlar; laser; Raman spectroscopy; stress rupture ID CREEP-RUPTURE; FIBER; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPOSITES; LIFETIME; TEREPHTHALAMIDE); POLYMER AB This article presents the results of an investigation of the Raman scattering effects of aging Kevlar strands. The goal of this research was to investigate the potential application of Raman spectroscopy as a nondestructive evaluation tool for the detection of aging effects of in-service composite materials. Kevlar composites used as overwrapping of metal-lined composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) have been analyzed. Raman spectra produced from the Kevlar fibers and the effects of resin materials, utilized to bind the fibers into strands to provide composite behavior, have been investigated. A series of Kevlar/epoxy strands exposed to elevated temperatures and sustained loading have been evaluated. It was found that this exposure had an effect on the width and intensity of certain bands in the Raman spectra of Kevlar. The potential application of these findings to the nondestructive evaluation of Kevlar composites is discussed. C1 [Washer, Glenn; Brooks, Thomas] Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Saulsberry, Regor] NASA, White Sands Test Facil, Las Cruces, NM USA. RP Washer, G (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Rm 2509 Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM washerg@missouri.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0934-9847 J9 RES NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI Res. Nondestruct. Eval. PY 2008 VL 19 IS 3 BP 144 EP 163 DI 10.1080/09349840801960493 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 335BR UT WOS:000258266300002 ER PT S AU Wincheski, B Williams, P Simpson, J AF Wincheski, Buzz Williams, Phillip Simpson, John BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Analysis of eddy current capabilities for the detection of outer diameter cracking in small bore metallic structures SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE eddy current; ID probe; reaction control system thrusters; space shuttle AB The use of eddy current techniques for the detection of outer diameter damage in tubing and many complex aerospace structures often requires the use of an inner diameter probe due to a lack of access to the outside of the part. In small bore structures the probe size and orientation are constrained by the inner diameter of the part, complicating the optimization of the inspection technique. Detection of flaws through a significant remaining wall thickness becomes limited not only by the standard depth of penetration, but also geometrical aspects of the probe. Recently, an orthogonal eddy current probe was developed for detection of such flaws in space shuttle primary reaction control system (PRCS) thrusters. In this case, the detection of deeply buried intergranular cracking by an inner diameter eddy current probe was sought. Probe optimization was performed based upon the limiting spatial dimensions, flaw orientation, and required detection sensitivity. Analysis of the probe/flaw interaction was performed through the use of finite element modeling techniques. Experimental data for the flaw detection capabilities, including a probability of detection study, will be presented along with the simulation data. The results of this work have led to the successful deployment of an inspection system for the detection of intergranular cracking in PRCS thrusters. C1 [Wincheski, Buzz; Williams, Phillip] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Simpson, John] Lockheed Martin Space Operat, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Wincheski, B (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 384 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553700048 ER PT S AU Madaras, EI Anastasi, RF Smith, SW Seebo, JP Walker, JL Lomness, JK Hintze, PE Kammerer, CC Winfree, WP Russell, RW AF Madaras, Eric I. Anastasi, Robert F. Smith, Stephen W. Seebo, Jeffrey P. Walker, James L. Lomness, Janice K. Hintze, Paul E. Kammerer, Catherine C. Winfree, William P. Russell, Richard W. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Application of terahertz radiation to the detection of corrosion under the Shuttle's thermal protection system SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE terahertz imaging; hidden corrosion detection; NDE of thermal protection systems AB There is currently no method for detecting corrosion under Shuffle tiles except for the expensive process of tile removal and replacement; hence NASA is investigating new NDE methods for detecting hidden corrosion. Time domain terahertz radiation has been applied to corrosion detection under tiles in samples ranging from small lab samples to a Shuttle with positive results. Terahertz imaging methods have been able to detect corrosion at thicknesses of 5 mils or greater under 1" thick Shuttle tiles and 7-12 mils or greater under 2" thick Shuttle tiles. C1 [Madaras, Eric I.; Winfree, William P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Madaras, EI (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. OI Hintze, Paul/0000-0002-9962-2955 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 421 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553700053 ER PT S AU Roth, DJ Scebo, JP Winfree, WP AF Roth, D. J. Scebo, J. P. Winfree, William P. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Simultaneous non-contact precision imaging of microstructual and thickness variation in dielectric materials using terahertz energy SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE Space Shuttle; external tank; thermal protection system; sprayed-on foam insulation; terahertz; velocity; thickness; density ID ULTRASONIC VELOCITY AB This article describes a non-contact single-sided terahertz electromagnetic measurement and imaging method that simultaneously characterizes microstructural (e.g. spatially-lateral density) and thickness variation in dielectric (insulating) materials. The method was demonstrated for Space Shuttle External Tank sprayed-on foam insulation. It is believed that this method can be used for applications where microstructural and/or thickness variation in dielectric materials require precision mapping. Scale-up to more complex shapes such as cylindrical structures and structures with beveled regions would appear to be feasible. C1 [Roth, D. J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Scebo, J. P.] Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, New Orleans, LA 70129 USA. [Winfree, William P.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Roth, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 429 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553700054 ER PT S AU Madaras, EI Anastasi, RF Seebo, JP Studor, G McMakin, DL Nellums, R Winfiree, WP AF Madaras, Eric I. Anastasi, Robert F. Seebo, Jeffrey P. Studor, George McMakin, Douglas L. Nellums, Robert Winfiree, William P. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI The potential for imaging in situ damage in inflatable space structures SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE terahertz imaging; millimeter wave imaging; microwave imaging; space NDE; inflatable space structures AB NASA is investigating the use of inflatable habitat structures for orbital transfer and planetary applications. Since space structures are vulnerable to damage from micrometeoroid and orbital debris, it is important to investigate means of detecting such damage. This study is an investigation into methods for performing non-destructive evaluation (NDE) on inflatable habitat modules. Results of this work showed that various electromagnetic imaging modalities from microwaves to terahertz imaging have the greatest potential for a viable, portable, NDE tool which could possibly be deployed aboard an inflatable habitat module. C1 [Madaras, Eric I.; Winfiree, William P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Anastasi, Robert F.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, US Army Res Lab,Vehicle Technol, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Seebo, Jeffrey P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Lockheed Martin, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Studor, George] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Struct Branch, Houston, TX USA. [McMakin, Douglas L.] Pacif Northwest Natl Lab, Appl Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Nellums, Robert] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Madaras, EI (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 437 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553700055 ER PT S AU Zalameda, JN Winfree, WP Yost, WT AF Zalameda, J. N. Winfree, W. P. Yost, W. T. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Air coupled acoustic thermography (ACAT) inspection technique SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE thermography; air coupled acoustic thermography (ACAT); sonic thermography AB The scope of this effort is to determine the viability of a new heating technique using a noncontact acoustic excitation source. Because of low coupling between air and the structure, a synchronous detection method is employed. Any reduction in the out of plane stiffness improves the acoustic coupling efficiency and as a result defective areas have an increase in temperature relative to the surrounding area. Hence a new measurement system, based on air-coupled acoustic energy and synchronous detection is presented. An analytical model of a clamped circular plate is given, experimentally tested, and verified. Repeatability confirms the technique with a measurement uncertainty of +/- 6.2 percent. The range of frequencies used was 800 - 2,000 Hertz. Acoustic excitation and consequent thermal detection of flaws in a helicopter blade is examined and results indicate that air coupled acoustic excitation enables the detection of core damage in sandwich honeycomb structures. C1 [Zalameda, J. N.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Winfree, W. P.; Yost, W. T.] NASA, Langley Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Zalameda, JN (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 467 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553700059 ER PT S AU Washer, GA Brooks, TMB Saulsberry, R AF Washer, G. A. Brooks, T. M. B. Saulsberry, R. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Application of Raman spectroscopy for nondestructive evaluation of composite materials SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE Raman spectroscopy; stress rupture; Kevlar; nondestructive evaluation; aging ID KEVLAR-49 FIBER; TEREPHTHALAMIDE) AB This paper will present an overview of efforts to investigate the application of Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of Kevlar materials. Raman spectroscopy is a laser technique that is sensitive to molecular interactions in materials such as Kevlar, graphite and carbon used in composite materials. The overall goal of this research reported here is to evaluate Raman spectroscopy as a potential nondestructive evaluation (NDE) tool for the detection of stress rupture in Kevlar composite over-wrapped pressure vessels (COPVs). Characterization of the Raman spectra of Kevlar yarn and strands will be presented and compared with analytical models provided in the literature. Results of testing to investigate the effects of creep and high-temperature aging on the Raman spectra will be presented. C1 [Washer, G. A.; Brooks, T. M. B.] Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Saulsberry, R.] NASA, White Sands Test Facil, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. RP Washer, GA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 964 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553701006 ER PT S AU Case, JT Kharkovsky, S Zoughi, R Steffes, G Hepbum, FL AF Case, J. T. Kharkovsky, S. Zoughi, R. Steffes, G. Hepbum, F. L. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Millimeter wave holographical inspection of honeycomb composites SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE honeycomb composites; millimeter waves; holography ID MICROWAVE AB Multi-layered composite structures manufactured with honeycomb, foam, or balsa wood cores are finding increasing utility in a variety of aerospace, transportation, and infrastructure applications. Due to the low conductivity and inhomogeneity associated with these composites, standard nondestructive testing (NDT) methods are not always capable of inspecting their interior for various defects caused during the manufacturing process or as a result of in-service loading. On the contrary, microwave and millimeter wave NDT methods are well-suited for inspecting these structures since signals at these frequencies readily penetrate through these structures and reflect from different interior boundaries revealing the presence of a wide range of defects such as square isband, delamination, moisture and oil intrusion, impact damage, etc. Millimeter wave frequency spectrum spans 30 GHz - 300 GHz with corresponding wavelengths of 10-1 mm. Due to the inherent short wavelengths at these frequencies, one can produce high spatial resolution images of these composites either using real-antenna focused or synthetic-aperture focused methods. In addition, incorporation of swept-frequency in the latter method (i.e., holography) results in high-resolution three-dimensional images. This paper presents the basic steps behind producing such images at millimeter wave frequencies and the results of two honeycomb composite panels are demonstrated at Q-band (33-50 GHz). In addition, these results are compared to previous results using X-ray computed tomography. C1 [Case, J. T.; Kharkovsky, S.; Zoughi, R.] Univ Missouri, Appl Microwave Nondestruct Testing Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Steffes, G.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hepbum, F. L.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Case, JT (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Appl Microwave Nondestruct Testing Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-04-C-5704]; Center for Aerospace Manufacturing Technologies (CAMT; University of Missouri-RoUa (UMR); NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC); PNA FX This work has been supported by a grant from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under contract no. FA8650-04-C-5704, in conjunction with the Center for Aerospace Manufacturing Technologies (CAMT) at the University of Missouri-RoUa (UMR). We also would like to thank NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) for providing the use a millimeter wave PNA for collecting the Q-band data and performing the experiments. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 970 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553701007 ER PT S AU Kharkovsky, S Zoughi, R Hepbum, FL AF Kharkovsky, S. Zoughi, R. Hepbum, F. L. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Sources of and remedies for removing unwanted reflections in millimeter wave images of complex SOFI-covered Space Shuttle structures SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE SOFT; Space Shuttle; nondestructive testing; millimeter waves; reflectometers ID FOAM INSULATION SOFI; MICROWAVE; INSPECTION; SPRAY AB In the recent years, continuous-wave near-field and lens-focused millimeter wave imaging systems have been effectively used to demonstrate their utility for producing high-resolution images of metallic structures covered with spay on foam insulation (SOFI) such as the Space Shuttle external fuel tank. However, for some specific structures a certain interference pattern may be superimposed on the produced images. There are methods by which the influence of this unwanted interference can be reduced, such as the incorporation of an incidence angle and the proper use of signal polarization. This paper presents the basics of this problem and describes the use of the methods for reducing this unwanted influence through specific examples. C1 [Kharkovsky, S.; Zoughi, R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amntl, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Hepbum, F. L.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Kharkovsky, S (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amntl, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 1010 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553701013 ER PT S AU Generazio, ER AF Generazio, E. R. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Directed design of experiments for validating probability of detection capability of NDE systems (DOEPOD) SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE Probability of Detection; POD; NDE; NDI; NDT; nondestructive AB The capability of an inspection system is established by applications of various methodologies to determine the probability of detection (POD). One accepted metric of an adequate inspection system is that there is 95% confidence that the POD is greater than 90% (90/95 POD). Directed design of experiments for probability of detection (DOEPOD) has been developed to provide an efficient and accurate methodology that yields observed POD and confidence bounds for both Hit-Miss or signal amplitude testing. Specifically, DOEPOD demands utilization of observance of occurrences. Directed DOEPOD does not assume prescribed POD logarithmic or similar functions with assumed adequacy over a wide range of flaw sizes and inspection system technologies, so that multi-parameter curve fitting or model optimization approaches to generate a POD curve are not required. C1 NASA, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Generazio, ER (reprint author), NASA, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 1693 EP 1700 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553701102 ER PT J AU Herman, DA Gallimore, AD AF Herman, Daniel A. Gallimore, Alec D. TI An ion thruster internal discharge chamber electrostatic probe diagnostic technique using a high-speed probe positioning system SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR PROBE; PLASMAS AB Extensive resources have been allocated to diagnose and minimize lifetime-limiting factors in gridded ion thrusters. While most of this effort has focused on grid erosion, results from wear tests indicate that discharge cathode erosion may also play an important role in limiting the lifetime of ring-cusp ion thrusters proposed for future large flagship missions. The detailed characterization of the near-cathode discharge plasma is essential for mitigating discharge cathode erosion. However, severe difficulty is encountered when attempting to measure internal discharge plasma parameters during thruster operation with conventional probing techniques. These difficulties stem from the high-voltage, high-density discharge cathode plume, which is a hostile environment for probes. A method for interrogating the discharge chamber plasma of a working ion thruster over a two-dimensional grid is demonstrated. The high-speed axial reciprocating probe positioning system is used to minimize thruster perturbation during probe insertion and to reduce heating of the probe. Electrostatic probe measurements from a symmetric double Langmuir probe are presented over a two-dimensional spatial array in the near-discharge cathode assembly region of a 30-cm-diameter ring-cusp ion thruster. Electron temperatures, 2-5 eV, and number density contours, with a maximum of 8 x 10(12) cm(-3) on centerline, are measured. These data provide detailed electron temperature and number density contours which, when combined with plasma potential measurements, may shed light on discharge cathode erosion processes and the effect of thruster operating conditions on erosion rates. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Herman, Daniel A.; Gallimore, Alec D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Coll Engn, Plasmadynam & Elect Prop Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Herman, DA (reprint author), NASA, ASRC Aerosp Corp, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44011 USA. EM daniel.a.herman@grc.nasa.gov NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 AR 013302 DI 10.1063/1.2800772 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 257TQ UT WOS:000252821800012 PM 18248026 ER PT B AU Plant, NG Holland, KT Holman, RA Splinter, KD Reniers, AJHM Smit, MWJ AF Plant, N. G. Holland, K. T. Holman, R. A. Splinter, K. D. Reniers, A. J. H. M. Smit, M. W. J. BE DohmenJanssen, CM Hulscher, SJMH TI A dynamical systems approach to analyzing morphodynamic states SO RIVER, COASTAL AND ESTUARINE MORPHODYNAMICS: RCEM 2007, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IAHR Symposium on River, Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamics CY SEP 17-21, 2007 CL Univ Twente, Enschede, NETHERLANDS SP IAHR HO Univ Twente AB A recent analysis [Plant et al., 2006] of surfzone morphodynamics using a simple, coupled modeling approach suggests that the observed morphology represents a combination of both morphologic feedback and response to fluctuations in the incident wave conditions. The analysis suggests that the surfzone morphology is driven toward stable morphodynamic states that tend to exhibit persistent alongshore variability in the form of rhythmic features. But, due to the fact that wave conditions change rapidly compared to the morphologic time scale, surfzone morphodynamics rarely reach their equilibrium states. Furthermore, interaction between sandbar rhythmicity (presumably associated with horizontal circulation) and cross-shore scale (associated with the wave break-point) lead to predictions of hysteresis that are consistent with observations. Here, our objective is to compare in a consistent way dynamics obtained from both a detailed numerical model and field observations. Using the empirical approach of Plant et al., we compare the sandbar system dynamics and predict the temporal evolution of both numerical and natural coastal systems. We find that both systems are well described by a simple dynamical model, but that inherent system dynamics of the numerical system are very different from those found for the natural system. The approach provides an objective method for hypothesis testing associated with numerical morphological modeling. C1 [Plant, N. G.; Holland, K. T.] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Plant, NG (reprint author), Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011; OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097; Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672; Splinter, Kristen/0000-0002-0082-8444 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-45363-9 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2008 BP 217 EP 221 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BHC92 UT WOS:000252235800028 ER EF