FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Redemann, J Zhang, Q Livingston, J Russell, P Shinozuka, Y Clarke, A Johnson, R Levy, R AF Redemann, J. Zhang, Q. Livingston, J. Russell, P. Shinozuka, Y. Clarke, A. Johnson, R. Levy, R. TI Testing aerosol properties in MODIS Collection 4 and 5 using airborne sunphotometer observations in INTEX-B/MILAGRO SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLUMNAR WATER-VAPOR; OPTICAL-DEPTH SPECTRA; SUN PHOTOMETER; SOLVE-II; SATELLITE; CLOUDINESS; PINATUBO; OZONE AB The 14-channel Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS) was operated on a Jetstream 31 (J31) aircraft in March 2006 during MILAGRO/INTEX-B (Megacity Initiative-Local And Global Research Observations/Phase B of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment). We compare AATS retrievals of spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD) and related aerosol properties with corresponding spatially coincident and temporally near-coincident measurements acquired by the MODIS-Aqua and MODIS-Terra satellite sensors. These comparisons are carried out for the older MODIS Collection 4 (C4) and the new Collection 5 (C5) data set, the latter representing a reprocessing of the entire MODIS data set completed during 2006 with updated calibration and aerosol retrieval algorithm. Our analysis yields a direct, validated assessment of the differences between select MODIS C4 and C5 aerosol retrievals. Our analyses of 37 coincident observations by AATS and MODIS-Terra and 18 coincident observations between AATS and MODIS-Aqua indicate notable differences between MODIS C4 and C5 and between the two sensors. For MODIS-Terra, we find an average increase in AOD of 0.02 at 553 nm and 0.01 or less at the shortwave infrared (SWIR) wavelengths. The change from C4 to C5 results in less good agreement with the AATS derived spectral AOD, with average differences at 553 nm increasing from 0.03 to 0.05. For MODIS-Aqua, we find an average increase in AOD of 0.008 at 553 nm, but an increase of nearly 0.02 at the SWIR wavelengths. The change from C4 to C5 results in slightly less good agreement to the AATS derived visible AOD, with average differences at 553 nm increasing from 0.03 to 0.04. However, at SWIR wavelengths, the changes from C4 to C5 result in improved agreement between MODIS-Aqua and AATS, with the average differences at 2119 nm decreasing from -0.02 to -0.003. Comparing the Angstrom exponents calculated from AOD at 553nm and 855nm, we find an increased rms difference from AATS derived Angstrom exponents in going from C4 to C5 for MODIS-Terra, and a decrease in rms difference, hence an improvement, for the transition from C4 to C5 in MODIS-Aqua. Combining the AATS retrievals with in situ measurements of size-dependent aerosol extinction, we derive a suborbital measure of the aerosol submicron fraction (SMF) of AOD and compare it to MODIS retrievals of aerosol fine mode fraction (FMF). Our analysis shows a significant rms-difference between the MODIS-Terra FMF and suborbitally-derived SMF of 0.17 for both C4 and C5. For MODIS-Aqua, there is a slight improvement in the transition from C4 to C5, with the rms-difference from AATS dropping from 0.23 to 0.16. The differences in MODIS C4 and C5 AOD in this limited data set can be traced to changes in the reflectances input to the aerosol retrievals. An extension of the C4-C5 comparisons from the area along the J31 flight track to a larger study region between 18-23 degrees N and 93-100 degrees W on each of the J31 flight days supports the finding of significant differences between MODIS C4 and C5. C1 [Redemann, J.; Zhang, Q.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. [Livingston, J.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Shinozuka, Y.] NASA, ORAU, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Levy, R.] NASA, SSAI, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Clarke, A.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Redemann, J (reprint author), Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. EM jens.redemann-1@nasa.gov RI Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013 OI Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303 FU MILAGRO/INTEX-B; Mexican Ministries of the Environment, Foreign Relations, Defense and Finance; Mexican institutions; NASA Radiation Science Program FX The MILAGRO/INTEX-B Campaign is a collaborative effort of a large number of participants with the support of multi-national agencies. The MILAGRO/INTEX-B participants would like to thank the governments of the Federal District, the States of Mexico, Hidalgo and Veracruz, the Mexican Ministries of the Environment, Foreign Relations, Defense and Finance for their logistical support; IMP, U-Tecamac, and Rancho La Bisnega for hosting the supersites as well as many other Mexican institutions for their support. We thank all INTEX-B/MILAGRO participants and sponsoring agencies for making this research possible. J31 measurements were supported by the NASA Radiation Science Program. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 21 BP 8159 EP 8172 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 518TD UT WOS:000271715500002 ER PT J AU Davidi, A Koren, I Remer, L AF Davidi, A. Koren, I. Remer, L. TI Direct measurements of the effect of biomass burning over the Amazon on the atmospheric temperature profile SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUDS; AEROSOLS; SMOKE; PRECIPITATION; POLLUTION; INHIBITION; CLOUDINESS; TRANSPORT; PRODUCTS; MISSION AB Aerosols suspended in the atmosphere interact with solar radiation and clouds, thus change the radiation energy fluxes in the atmospheric column. In this paper we measure changes in the atmospheric temperature profile as a function of the smoke loading and the cloudiness, over the Amazon basin, during the dry seasons (August and September) of 2005-2008. We show that as the aerosol optical depth (AOD) increases from 0.02 to a value of similar to 0.6, there is a decrease of similar to 4 degrees C at 1000 hPa, and an increase of similar to 1.5 degrees C at 850 hPa. The warming of the aerosol layer at 850 hPa is likely due to aerosol absorption when the particles are exposed to direct illumination by the sun. The large values of cooling in the lower layers could be explained by a combination of aerosol extinction of the solar flux in the layers aloft together with an aerosol-induced increase of cloud cover which shade the lower atmosphere. We estimate that the increase in cloud fraction due to aerosol contributes about half of the observed cooling in the lower layers. C1 [Davidi, A.; Koren, I.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Remer, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Davidi, A (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM amit.davidi@weizmann.ac.il RI Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012 OI Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265 FU Israel Science Foundation [1355/06]; Minerva Foundation; NASA's Interdisciplinary Science Program FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of Yoram J. Kaufman, a dear friend and a brilliant scientist. This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant no. 1355/06), the Minerva Foundation and NASA's Interdisciplinary Science Program under the direction of H. Maring. I. K. is the incumbent of the Benjamin H. Swig and Jack D. Weiler career development chair at the Weizmann Institute. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 21 BP 8211 EP 8221 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 518TD UT WOS:000271715500006 ER PT J AU Voulgarakis, A Wild, O Savage, NH Carver, GD Pyle, JA AF Voulgarakis, A. Wild, O. Savage, N. H. Carver, G. D. Pyle, J. A. TI Clouds, photolysis and regional tropospheric ozone budgets SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY TRANSPORT MODEL; AEROSOL AB We use a three-dimensional chemical transport model to examine the shortwave radiative effects of clouds on the tropospheric ozone budget. In addition to looking at changes in global concentrations as previous studies have done, we examine changes in ozone chemical production and loss caused by clouds and how these vary in different parts of the troposphere. On a global scale, we find that clouds have a modest effect on ozone chemistry, but on a regional scale their role is much more significant, with the size of the response dependent on the region. The largest averaged changes in chemical budgets (+/- 10-14%) are found in the marine troposphere, where cloud optical depths are high. We demonstrate that cloud effects are small on average in the middle troposphere because this is a transition region between reduction and enhancement in photolysis rates. We show that increases in boundary layer ozone due to clouds are driven by large-scale changes in downward ozone transport from higher in the troposphere rather than by decreases in in-situ ozone chemical loss rates. Increases in upper tropospheric ozone are caused by higher production rates due to backscattering of radiation and consequent increases in photolysis rates, mainly J(NO2). The global radiative effect of clouds on isoprene, through decreases of OH in the lower troposphere, is stronger than on ozone. Tropospheric isoprene lifetime increases by 7% when taking clouds into account. We compare the importance of clouds in contributing to uncertainties in the global ozone budget with the role of other radiatively-important factors. The budget is most sensitive to the overhead ozone column, while surface albedo and clouds have smaller effects. However, uncertainty in representing the spatial distribution of clouds may lead to a large sensitivity of the ozone budget components on regional scales. C1 [Voulgarakis, A.; Carver, G. D.; Pyle, J. A.] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [Savage, N. H.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Voulgarakis, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM avoulgarakis@giss.nasa.gov RI Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; OI Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Savage, Nicholas/0000-0001-9391-5100 FU NERC (UK); IKY (Greece); NCAS (UK) FX The lead author thanks NERC (UK) and IKY (Greece) for scholarship funding. NCAS (UK) also funded this study. The authors are grateful to Paul Berrisford for providing ECMWF cloud and surface albedo data. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 21 BP 8235 EP 8246 DI 10.5194/acp-9-8235-2009 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 518TD UT WOS:000271715500008 ER PT J AU McNaughton, CS Clarke, AD Kapustin, V Shinozuka, Y Howell, SG Anderson, BE Winstead, E Dibb, J Scheuer, E Cohen, RC Wooldridge, P Perring, A Huey, LG Kim, S Jimenez, JL Dunlea, EJ DeCarlo, PF Wennberg, PO Crounse, JD Weinheimer, AJ Flocke, F AF McNaughton, C. S. Clarke, A. D. Kapustin, V. Shinozuka, Y. Howell, S. G. Anderson, B. E. Winstead, E. Dibb, J. Scheuer, E. Cohen, R. C. Wooldridge, P. Perring, A. Huey, L. G. Kim, S. Jimenez, J. L. Dunlea, E. J. DeCarlo, P. F. Wennberg, P. O. Crounse, J. D. Weinheimer, A. J. Flocke, F. TI Observations of heterogeneous reactions between Asian pollution and mineral dust over the Eastern North Pacific during INTEX-B SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEA-SALT AEROSOLS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MEXICO-CITY; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ACE-ASIA; DENSITY CHARACTERIZATION; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AB In-situ airborne measurements of trace gases, aerosol size distributions, chemistry and optical properties were conducted over Mexico and the Eastern North Pacific during MILAGRO and INTEX-B. Heterogeneous reactions between secondary aerosol precursor gases and mineral dust lead to sequestration of sulfur, nitrogen and chlorine in the supermicrometer particulate size range. Simultaneous measurements of aerosol size distributions and weak-acid soluble calcium result in an estimate of 11 wt% of CaCO3 for Asian dust. During transport across the North Pacific, similar to 5-30% of the CaCO3 is converted to CaSO4 or Ca(NO3)(2) with an additional similar to 4% consumed through reactions with HCl. The 1996 to 2008 record from the Mauna Loa Observatory confirm these findings, indicating that, on average, 19% of the CaCO3 has reacted to form CaSO4 and 7% has reacted to form Ca(NO3)(2) and similar to 2% has reacted with HCl. In the nitrogen-oxide rich boundary layer near Mexico City up to 30% of the CaCO3 has reacted to form Ca(NO3)(2) while an additional 8% has reacted with HCl. These heterogeneous reactions can result in a similar to 3% increase in dust solubility which has an insignificant effect on their optical properties compared to their variability in-situ. However, competition between supermicrometer dust and submicrometer primary aerosol for condensing secondary aerosol species led to a 25% smaller number median diameter for the accumulation mode aerosol. A 10-25% reduction of accumulation mode number median diameter results in a 30-70% reduction in submicrometer light scattering at relative humidities in the 80-95% range. At 80% RH submicrometer light scattering is only reduced similar to 3% due to a higher mass fraction of hydrophobic refractory components in the dust-affected accumulation mode aerosol. Thus reducing the geometric mean diameter of the submicrometer aerosol has a much larger effect on aerosol optical properties than changes to the hygroscopic: hydrophobic mass fractions of the accumulation mode aerosol. In the presence of dust, nitric acid concentrations are reduced to <50% of total nitrate (nitric acid plus particulate nitrate). NOy as a fraction of total nitrogen (NOy plus particulate nitrate), is reduced from >85% to 60-80% in the presence of dust. These observations support previous model studies which predict irreversible sequestration of reactive nitrogen species through heterogeneous reactions with mineral dust during long-range transport. C1 [McNaughton, C. S.; Clarke, A. D.; Kapustin, V.; Shinozuka, Y.; Howell, S. G.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Anderson, B. E.; Winstead, E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Dibb, J.; Scheuer, E.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Cohen, R. C.; Wooldridge, P.; Perring, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Huey, L. G.; Kim, S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Dunlea, E. J.; DeCarlo, P. F.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wennberg, P. O.; Crounse, J. D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Weinheimer, A. J.; Flocke, F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP McNaughton, CS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM csmcnaug@hawaii.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Crounse, John/E-4622-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Kim, Saewung/E-4089-2012; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X FU NSF [ATM01-04532, ATM04-41274, ATM05-11521, ATM-0513116]; NASA [NNG06GA90G, NNG06GB03G] FX We gratefully acknowledge M. Avery for providing DC-8 measurements of O3. We appreciate the use of Barry Huebert's MLO data, which was collected under NSF grants ATM01-04532 and ATM04-41274. This research was funded under NASA Grant: NNG06GA90G and NSF Grant: ATM05-11521. ED, PFD, and JLJ were supported by NASA grant NNG06GB03G and NSF grant ATM-0513116. We would also like to acknowledge J. Kelly, R. Sullivan and C. Zender for their constructive reviews of the original manuscript. This is SOEST publication number 7622. NR 131 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 21 BP 8283 EP 8308 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 518TD UT WOS:000271715500011 ER PT J AU George, M Clerbaux, C Hurtmans, D Turquety, S Coheur, PF Pommier, M Hadji-Lazaro, J Edwards, DP Worden, H Luo, M Rinsland, C McMillan, W AF George, M. Clerbaux, C. Hurtmans, D. Turquety, S. Coheur, P. -F. Pommier, M. Hadji-Lazaro, J. Edwards, D. P. Worden, H. Luo, M. Rinsland, C. McMillan, W. TI Carbon monoxide distributions from the IASI/METOP mission: evaluation with other space-borne remote sensors SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; ACE-FTS; RETRIEVAL; IASI; CO; VALIDATION; MOPITT; SCIAMACHY; TES; SATELLITE AB The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) onboard the MetOp satellite measures carbon monoxide (CO) on a global scale, twice a day. CO total columns and vertical profiles are retrieved in near real time from the nadir radiance spectra measured by the instrument in the thermal infrared (TIR) spectral range. This paper describes the measurement vertical sensitivity and provides a first assessment of the capabilities of IASI to measure CO distributions. On the global scale, 0.8 to 2.4 independent pieces of information are available for the retrieval. At mid latitudes, the information ranges between 1.5 and 2, which enables the lower and upper troposphere to be distinguished, especially when thermal contrast is significant. Global distributions of column CO are evaluated with correlative observations available from other nadir looking TIR missions currently in operation: the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) onboard TERRA, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ( AIRS) onboard AQUA and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) onboard AURA. The IASI CO columns are compared with MOPITT, AIRS and TES CO columns, adjusted with the a priori, for three different months: August 2008, November 2008 and February 2009. On average, total column discrepancies of about 7% are found between IASI and the three other sounders in the Northern Hemisphere and in the equatorial region. However when strong CO concentrations are present, such as during fire events, these discrepancies can climb as high as 17%. Instrument specifications of IASI versus other missions are also discussed. C1 [George, M.; Clerbaux, C.; Turquety, S.; Pommier, M.; Hadji-Lazaro, J.] Univ Paris 06, UPMC, Paris, France. [George, M.; Clerbaux, C.; Turquety, S.; Pommier, M.; Hadji-Lazaro, J.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Paris, France. [George, M.; Clerbaux, C.; Turquety, S.; Pommier, M.; Hadji-Lazaro, J.] CNRS, INSU, LATMOS, IPSL, Paris, France. [Hurtmans, D.; Coheur, P. -F.] Univ Libre Brussels, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Brussels, Belgium. [Edwards, D. P.; Worden, H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Luo, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Rinsland, C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [McMillan, W.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP George, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, UPMC, Paris, France. EM maya.george@latmos.ipsl.fr RI clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013 FU CNRS-INSU FX The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU. NR 68 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 21 BP 8317 EP 8330 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 518TD UT WOS:000271715500013 ER PT J AU Kawa, SR Stolarski, RS Newman, PA Douglass, AR Rex, M Hofmann, DJ Santee, ML Frieler, K AF Kawa, S. R. Stolarski, R. S. Newman, P. A. Douglass, A. R. Rex, M. Hofmann, D. J. Santee, M. L. Frieler, K. TI Sensitivity of polar stratospheric ozone loss to uncertainties in chemical reaction kinetics SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; CLO DIMER; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; DEPLETION; CHLORINE; MODEL; PROPAGATION; PREDICTIONS; RATES AB The impact and significance of uncertainties in model calculations of stratospheric ozone loss resulting from known uncertainty in chemical kinetics parameters is evaluated in trajectory chemistry simulations for the Antarctic and Arctic polar vortices. The uncertainty in modeled ozone loss is derived from Monte Carlo scenario simulations varying the kinetic (reaction and photolysis rate) parameters within their estimated uncertainty bounds. Simulations of a typical winter/spring Antarctic vortex scenario and Match scenarios in the Arctic produce large uncertainty in ozone loss rates and integrated seasonal loss. The simulations clearly indicate that the dominant source of model uncertainty in polar ozone loss is uncertainty in the Cl(2)O(2) photolysis reaction, which arises from uncertainty in laboratory-measured molecular cross sections at atmospherically important wavelengths. This estimated uncertainty in J(Cl2)O(2) from laboratory measurements seriously hinders our ability to model polar ozone loss within useful quantitative error limits. Atmospheric observations, however, suggest that the Cl(2)O(2) photolysis uncertainty may be less than that derived from the lab data. Comparisons to Match, South Pole ozonesonde, and Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) data all show that the nominal recommended rate simulations agree with data within uncertainties when the Cl(2)O(2) photolysis error is reduced by a factor of two, in line with previous in situ ClO(x) measurements. Comparisons to simulations using recent cross sections from Pope et al. (2007) are outside the constrained error bounds in each case. Other reactions producing significant sensitivity in polar ozone loss include BrO + ClO and its branching ratios. These uncertainties challenge our confidence in modeling polar ozone depletion and projecting future changes in response to changing halogen emissions and climate. Further laboratory, theoretical, and possibly atmospheric studies are needed. C1 [Kawa, S. R.; Stolarski, R. S.; Newman, P. A.; Douglass, A. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Rex, M.; Frieler, K.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. [Hofmann, D. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Santee, M. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Kawa, SR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM stephan.r.kawa@nasa.gov RI Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012; Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012; Rex, Markus/A-6054-2009; Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013 OI Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Rex, Markus/0000-0001-7847-8221; Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012 FU EC DG FX We would like to acknowledge support from the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis and the Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Programs at NASA. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Work at AWI was supported by the EC DG Research through the RECONCILE project. The McMurdo data used in this publication were obtained as part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change ( NDACC) and are publicly available ( see http:// www. ndacc. org). NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 22 BP 8651 EP 8660 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 525QX UT WOS:000272232500002 ER PT J AU Quaas, J Ming, Y Menon, S Takemura, T Wang, M Penner, JE Gettelman, A Lohmann, U Bellouin, N Boucher, O Sayer, AM Thomas, GE McComiskey, A Feingold, G Hoose, C Kristjansson, JE Liu, X Balkanski, Y Donner, LJ Ginoux, PA Stier, P Grandey, B Feichter, J Sednev, I Bauer, SE Koch, D Grainger, RG Kirkevag, A Iversen, T Seland, O Easter, R Ghan, SJ Rasch, PJ Morrison, H Lamarque, JF Iacono, MJ Kinne, S Schulz, M AF Quaas, J. Ming, Y. Menon, S. Takemura, T. Wang, M. Penner, J. E. Gettelman, A. Lohmann, U. Bellouin, N. Boucher, O. Sayer, A. M. Thomas, G. E. McComiskey, A. Feingold, G. Hoose, C. Kristjansson, J. E. Liu, X. Balkanski, Y. Donner, L. J. Ginoux, P. A. Stier, P. Grandey, B. Feichter, J. Sednev, I. Bauer, S. E. Koch, D. Grainger, R. G. Kirkevag, A. Iversen, T. Seland, O. Easter, R. Ghan, S. J. Rasch, P. J. Morrison, H. Lamarque, J. -F. Iacono, M. J. Kinne, S. Schulz, M. TI Aerosol indirect effects - general circulation model intercomparison and evaluation with satellite data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS SCHEME; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; SULFATE AEROSOL; CLIMATE MODEL; GLOBAL-MODELS; PART I; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CUMULUS CONVECTION AB Aerosol indirect effects continue to constitute one of the most important uncertainties for anthropogenic climate perturbations. Within the international AEROCOM initiative, the representation of aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions in ten different general circulation models (GCMs) is evaluated using three satellite datasets. The focus is on stratiform liquid water clouds since most GCMs do not include ice nucleation effects, and none of the model explicitly parameterises aerosol effects on convective clouds. We compute statistical relationships between aerosol optical depth (tau(a)) and various cloud and radiation quantities in a manner that is consistent between the models and the satellite data. It is found that the model-simulated influence of aerosols on cloud droplet number concentration (N-d) compares relatively well to the satellite data at least over the ocean. The relationship between tau(a) and liquid water path is simulated much too strongly by the models. This suggests that the implementation of the second aerosol indirect effect mainly in terms of an autoconversion parameterisation has to be revisited in the GCMs. A positive relationship between total cloud fraction (f(cld)) and tau(a) as found in the satellite data is simulated by the majority of the models, albeit less strongly than that in the satellite data in most of them. In a discussion of the hypotheses proposed in the literature to explain the satellite-derived strong f(cld)-tau(a) relationship, our results indicate that none can be identified as a unique explanation. Relationships similar to the ones found in satellite data between tau(a) and cloud top temperature or outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) are simulated by only a few GCMs. The GCMs that simulate a negative OLR-tau(a) relationship show a strong positive correlation between tau(a) and f(cld). The short-wave total aerosol radiative forcing as simulated by the GCMs is strongly influenced by the simulated anthropogenic fraction of tau(a), and parameterisation assumptions such as a lower bound on N-d. Nevertheless, the strengths of the statistical relationships are good predictors for the aerosol forcings in the models. An estimate of the total short-wave aerosol forcing inferred from the combination of these predictors for the modelled forcings with the satellite-derived statistical relationships yields a global annual mean value of -1.5 +/- 0.5 Wm(-2). In an alternative approach, the radiative flux perturbation due to anthropogenic aerosols can be broken down into a component over the cloud-free portion of the globe (approximately the aerosol direct effect) and a component over the cloudy portion of the globe (approximately the aerosol indirect effect). An estimate obtained by scaling these simulated clear- and cloudy-sky forcings with estimates of anthropogenic tau(a) and satellite-retrieved N-d-tau(a) regression slopes, respectively, yields a global, annual-mean aerosol direct effect estimate of -0.4 +/- 0.2 Wm(-2) and a cloudy-sky (aerosol indirect effect) estimate of -0.7 +/- 0.5 Wm(-2), with a total estimate of -1.2 +/- 0.4 Wm(-2). C1 [Quaas, J.; Feichter, J.; Kinne, S.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Ming, Y.; Donner, L. J.; Ginoux, P. A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Menon, S.; Sednev, I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Menon, S.; Bauer, S. E.; Koch, D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka, Japan. [Wang, M.; Penner, J. E.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gettelman, A.; Morrison, H.; Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lohmann, U.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Bellouin, N.; Boucher, O.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Sayer, A. M.; Thomas, G. E.; Stier, P.; Grandey, B.; Grainger, R. G.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [McComiskey, A.; Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Hoose, C.; Kristjansson, J. E.; Iversen, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Wang, M.; Liu, X.; Easter, R.; Ghan, S. J.; Rasch, P. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Balkanski, Y.; Schulz, M.] IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Kirkevag, A.; Iversen, T.; Seland, O.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Iacono, M. J.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, KY USA. RP Quaas, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. EM johannes.quaas@zmaw.de RI Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Grandey, Benjamin/M-1235-2015; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Quaas, Johannes/I-2656-2013; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Hoose, Corinna/A-4295-2009; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Wang, Minghuai/E-5390-2011; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; McComiskey, Allison/I-3933-2013; Grainger, Roy/E-8823-2011; Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Sayer, Andrew/H-2314-2012; Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009 OI Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Grandey, Benjamin/0000-0003-1442-0906; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Quaas, Johannes/0000-0001-7057-194X; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785; Hoose, Corinna/0000-0003-2827-5789; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Wang, Minghuai/0000-0002-9179-228X; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; McComiskey, Allison/0000-0002-6125-742X; Grainger, Roy/0000-0003-0709-1315; Sayer, Andrew/0000-0001-9149-1789; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; FU German Research Foundation (DFG); Joint DECC, Defra and MoD Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101, CBC/2B/0417]; EUCAARI [036833-2]; NorClim (Norwegian Research Council); US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF [ATM 0609836]; NASA [NNX08AL83G]; [178246] FX CERES SSF data were obtained from the US National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) Langley Research Center Atmospheric Sciences Data Center. The MODIS data used in this study were acquired as part of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise. The MODIS Science Teams developed the algorithms for the taua retrievals. The authors would like to thank the data distribution centers for their support. Computing time for the ECHAM5 model was provided by the German High Performance Computing Centre for Climate and Earth System Research (Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, DKRZ). J. Q. was supported by an Emmy Noether grant of the German Research Foundation (DFG). The Met Office Hadley Centre is funded by the Joint DECC, Defra and MoD Integrated Climate Programme (DECC/Defra) GA01101, (MoD) CBC/2B/0417 Annex C5. The work with CAM-Oslo was supported by the projects EUCAARI (European Integrated project No. 036833-2), IPY POLARCAT and NorClim (Norwegian Research Council grant No. 178246), and supported by the Norwegian Research Council's program for Supercomputing through a grant of computer time. The work with LMDzT-INCA was supported by EUCAARI. The GFDL model was developed collectively by the GFDL Global Atmospheric Model Development Team (GAMDT). The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. The work at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. S. M. acknowledges funding from the NASA MAP and DOE ARM program. The work of X. L., S. G. and R. E. was funded by US Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program and Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing program. J. E. P. and M. W. were funded by NSF grant ATM 0609836 and NASA grant NNX08AL83G and acknowledge computer time provided by the NCAR CISL. The authors thank Leon Rotstayn, Ralph Kahn, Bjorn Stevens and Robert Wood for their helpful comments. NR 121 TC 183 Z9 183 U1 8 U2 83 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 22 BP 8697 EP 8717 DI 10.5194/acp-9-8697-2009 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 525QX UT WOS:000272232500005 ER PT J AU Di Girolamo, P Summa, D Lin, RF Maestri, T Rizzi, R Masiello, G AF Di Girolamo, P. Summa, D. Lin, R. -F. Maestri, T. Rizzi, R. Masiello, G. TI UV Raman lidar measurements of relative humidity for the characterization of cirrus cloud microphysical properties SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL H2O PROJECT; WATER-VAPOR MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; UPPER-TROPOSPHERE; EXTINCTION; ABSORPTION; MODEL; FEEDBACK; CLIMATE AB Raman lidar measurements performed in Potenza by the Raman lidar system BASIL in the presence of cirrus clouds are discussed. Measurements were performed on 6 September 2004 in the frame of the Italian phase of the EAQUATE Experiment. The major feature of BASIL is represented by its capability to perform high-resolution and accurate measurements of atmospheric temperature and water vapour, and consequently relative humidity, both in daytime and night-time, based on the application of the rotational and vibrational Raman lidar techniques in the UV. BASIL is also capable to provide measurements of the particle backscatter and extinction coefficient, and consequently lidar ratio (at the time of these measurements, only at one wavelength), which are fundamental to infer geometrical and microphysical properties of clouds. A case study is discussed in order to assess the capability of Raman lidars to measure humidity in presence of cirrus clouds, both below and inside the cloud. While air inside the cloud layers is observed to be always under-saturated with respect to water, both ice super-saturation and under-saturation conditions are found inside these clouds. Upper tropospheric moistening is observed below the lower cloud layer. The synergic use of the data derived from the ground based Raman Lidar and of spectral radiances measured by the NAST-I Airborne Spectrometer allows the determination of the temporal evolution of the atmospheric cooling/heating rates due to the presence of the cirrus cloud. Lidar measurements beneath the cirrus cloud layer have been interpreted using a 1-D cirrus cloud model with explicit microphysics. The 1-D simulations indicate that sedimentation-moistening has contributed significantly to the moist anomaly, but other mechanisms are also contributing. This result supports the hypothesis that the observed mid-tropospheric humidification is a real feature which is strongly influenced by the sublimation of precipitating ice crystals. Results illustrated in this study demonstrate that Raman lidars, like the one used in this study, can resolve the spatial and temporal scales required for the study of cirrus cloud microphysical processes and appear sensitive enough to reveal and quantify upper tropospheric humidification associated with cirrus cloud sublimation. C1 [Di Girolamo, P.; Summa, D.; Masiello, G.] Univ Basilicata, Dipartimento Ingn & Fis Ambiente, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. [Lin, R. -F.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Lin, R. -F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Maestri, T.; Rizzi, R.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Di Girolamo, P (reprint author), Univ Basilicata, Dipartimento Ingn & Fis Ambiente, Viale Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. EM paolo.digirolamo@unibas.it RI Rizzi, Rolando/L-3556-2013; Masiello, Guido/I-6459-2015; OI Masiello, Guido/0000-0002-7986-8296; RIZZI, ROLANDO/0000-0001-7792-7806 FU NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC); University of Wisconsin- Madison FX The NAST- I instrument is operated by NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) with support from the University of Wisconsin- Madison. The SEVIRI images were obtained from the Eumetsat U- MARF archive at http://archive. eumetsat. org/umarf/. We wish to thank IMAA- CNR for the provision of radiosonde data. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 22 BP 8799 EP 8811 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 525QX UT WOS:000272232500012 ER PT J AU Brioude, J Cooper, OR Feingold, G Trainer, M Freitas, SR Kowal, D Ayers, JK Prins, E Minnis, P McKeen, SA Frost, GJ Hsie, EY AF Brioude, J. Cooper, O. R. Feingold, G. Trainer, M. Freitas, S. R. Kowal, D. Ayers, J. K. Prins, E. Minnis, P. McKeen, S. A. Frost, G. J. Hsie, E. -Y. TI Effect of biomass burning on marine stratocumulus clouds off the California coast SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; AIR-POLLUTION; SOUTH-AMERICA; ARCTIC SMOKE; AEROSOL; SATELLITE; TRANSPORT; IMPACT; ALBEDO AB Aerosol-cloud interactions are considered to be one of the most important and least known forcings in the climate system. Biomass burning aerosols are of special interest due to their radiative impact (direct and indirect effect) and their potential to increase in the future due to climate change. Combining data from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with passive tracers from the FLEXPART Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model, the impact of biomass burning aerosols on marine stratocumulus clouds has been examined in June and July of 2006-2008 off the California coast. Using a continental tracer, the indirect effect of biomass burning aerosols has been isolated by comparing the average cloud fraction and cloud albedo for different meteorological situations, and for clean versus polluted (in terms of biomass burning) continental air masses at 14:00 local time. Within a 500 km-wide band along the coast of California, biomass burning aerosols, which tend to reside above the marine boundary layer, increased the cloud fraction by 0.143, and the cloud albedo by 0.038. Absorbing aerosols located above the marine boundary layer lead to an increase of the lower tropospheric stability and a reduction in the vertical entrainment of dry air from above, leading to increased cloud formation. The combined effect was an indirect radiative forcing of -7.5% +/- 1.7% (cooling effect) of the outgoing radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere on average, with a bias due to meteorology of +0.9%. Further away from the coast, the biomass burning aerosols, which were located within the boundary layer, reduced the cloud fraction by 0.023 and the cloud albedo by 0.006, resulting in an indirect radiative forcing of +1.3% +/- 0.3% (warming effect) with a bias of +0.5%. These results underscore the dual role that absorbing aerosols play in cloud radiative forcing. C1 [Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.; McKeen, S. A.; Frost, G. J.; Hsie, E. -Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.; Feingold, G.; Trainer, M.; McKeen, S. A.; Frost, G. J.; Hsie, E. -Y.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Freitas, S. R.] INPE, Ctr Weather Forecasting & Climate Studies, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil. [Kowal, D.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, NESDIS, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ayers, J. K.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Prins, E.] UW Madison, SSEC, CIMSS, Grass Valley, CA USA. [Minnis, P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Brioude, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jerome.brioude@noaa.gov RI Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/I-4449-2013; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013 OI Hsie, Eirh-Yu/0000-0003-3934-9923; Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148; Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X; FU NOAA; NASA Applied Sciences Program; Department of Energy ARM Program [DE- AI0207ER64546] FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Goal Program. The GOES cloud property retrievals were supported by the NASA Applied Sciences Program and the Department of Energy ARM Program through DE- AI0207ER64546. Graham Feingold was supported by NOAA's Climate Goal Program. NR 61 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 22 BP 8841 EP 8856 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 525QX UT WOS:000272232500015 ER PT J AU Merkel, AW Marsh, DR Gettelman, A Jensen, EJ AF Merkel, A. W. Marsh, D. R. Gettelman, A. Jensen, E. J. TI On the relationship of polar mesospheric cloud ice water content, particle radius and mesospheric temperature and its use in multi-dimensional models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; SIZE EXPERIMENT; CIPS; PARAMETERIZATION; INSTRUMENT; AERONOMY; SEASON AB The distribution of ice layers in the polar summer mesosphere (called polar mesospheric clouds or PMCs) is sensitive to background atmospheric conditions and therefore affected by global-scale dynamics. To investigate this coupling it is necessary to simulate the global distribution of PMCs within a 3-dimensional (3-D) model that couples large-scale dynamics with cloud microphysics. However, modeling PMC microphysics within 3-D global chemistry climate models (GCCM) is a challenge due to the high computational cost associated with particle following (Lagrangian) or sectional microphysical calculations. By characterizing the relationship between the PMC effective radius, ice water content (iwc), and local temperature (T) from an ensemble of simulations from the sectional microphysical model, the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA), we determined that these variables can be described by a robust empirical formula. The characterized relationship allows an estimate of an altitude distribution of PMC effective radius in terms of local temperature and iwc. For our purposes we use this formula to predict an effective radius as part of a bulk parameterization of PMC microphysics in a 3-D GCCM to simulate growth, sublimation and sedimentation of ice particles without keeping track of the time history of each ice particle size or particle size bin. This allows cost effective decadal scale PMC simulations in a 3-D GCCM to be performed. This approach produces realistic PMC simulations including estimates of the optical properties of PMCs. We validate the relationship with PMC data from the Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE). C1 [Merkel, A. W.; Marsh, D. R.; Gettelman, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jensen, E. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Merkel, AW (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM merkel@ucar.edu RI Marsh, Daniel/A-8406-2008 OI Marsh, Daniel/0000-0001-6699-494X FU NASA [05- SRT05- 70]; National Science Foundation FX This research was supported by NASA grant # 05- SRT05- 70 conducted at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in the publication are those of the author( s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Thanks to the AIM team for providing CIPS and SOFIE data. Thanks to Dave Rusch, Chuck Bardeen, Mark Hervig and Gerd Baumgarten for collaboration. Special thanks to Gary Thomas for his help and insight. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 22 BP 8889 EP 8901 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 525QX UT WOS:000272232500019 ER PT J AU Cagnazzo, C Manzini, E Calvo, N Douglass, A Akiyoshi, H Bekki, S Chipperfield, M Dameris, M Deushi, M Fischer, AM Garny, H Gettelman, A Giorgetta, MA Plummer, D Rozanov, E Shepherd, TG Shibata, K Stenke, A Struthers, H Tian, W AF Cagnazzo, C. Manzini, E. Calvo, N. Douglass, A. Akiyoshi, H. Bekki, S. Chipperfield, M. Dameris, M. Deushi, M. Fischer, A. M. Garny, H. Gettelman, A. Giorgetta, M. A. Plummer, D. Rozanov, E. Shepherd, T. G. Shibata, K. Stenke, A. Struthers, H. Tian, W. TI Northern winter stratospheric temperature and ozone responses to ENSO inferred from an ensemble of Chemistry Climate Models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE MODEL; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; INTERACTIVE CHEMISTRY; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; TRENDS; DEPLETION; TELECONNECTIONS; PREDICTIONS AB The connection between the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Northern polar stratosphere has been established from observations and atmospheric modeling. Here a systematic inter-comparison of the sensitivity of the modeled stratosphere to ENSO in Chemistry Climate Models (CCMs) is reported. This work uses results from a number of the CCMs included in the 2006 ozone assessment. In the lower stratosphere, the mean of all model simulations reports a warming of the polar vortex during strong ENSO events in February-March, consistent with but smaller than the estimate from satellite observations and ERA40 reanalysis. The anomalous warming is associated with an anomalous dynamical increase of column ozone north of 70 degrees N that is accompanied by coherent column ozone decrease in the Tropics, in agreement with that deduced from the NIWA column ozone database, implying an increased residual circulation in the mean of all model simulations during ENSO. The spread in the model responses is partly due to the large internal stratospheric variability and it is shown that it crucially depends on the representation of the tropospheric ENSO teleconnection in the models. C1 [Cagnazzo, C.; Manzini, E.] Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy. [Manzini, E.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. [Calvo, N.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dpto Fis Tierra 2, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Douglass, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Akiyoshi, H.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Bekki, S.] IPSL, CNRS, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. [Chipperfield, M.; Tian, W.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Dameris, M.; Garny, H.; Stenke, A.] DLR Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Deushi, M.; Shibata, K.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Fischer, A. M.; Rozanov, E.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Gettelman, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Giorgetta, M. A.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Plummer, D.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Rozanov, E.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ, Davos, Switzerland. [Struthers, H.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Cagnazzo, C (reprint author), Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy. EM chiara.cagnazzo@cmcc.it RI Manzini, Elisa/H-5760-2011; Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Cagnazzo, Chiara/C-7194-2015; bekki, slimane/J-7221-2015; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; OI Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; bekki, slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; CALVO FERNANDEZ, NATALIA/0000-0001-6213-1864; cagnazzo, chiara/0000-0002-2054-0448 FU EC SCOUT [505390- GOCE- CT- 2004]; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science; Fulbright Commission in Spain; Ministry of the Environment ( MOE) of Japan [A- 071]; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences FX Chiara Cagnazzo is supported by the Centro Euro- Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici. Elisa Manzini acknowledges the support of the EC SCOUT- O3 Integrated Project ( 505390- GOCE- CT- 2004) for part of this work. Natalia Calvo was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science and the Fulbright Commission in Spain. CCSRNIES's research has been supported by the Global Environmental Research Fund ( GERF) of the Ministry of the Environment ( MOE) of Japan ( A- 071). MRI simulations have been made partly with the MRI supercomputer and partly with the NIES supercomputer. CMAM simulations were supported by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences and run on the Environment Canada Supercomputer. We acknowledge the modeling groups for making their simulations available for this analysis, the ChemistryClimate Model Validation Activity ( CCMVal) for WCRP's ( World Climate Research Programme) SPARC ( Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate) project for organizing and coordinating the model data analysis activity, and the British Atmospheric Data Center ( BADC) for collecting and archiving the CCMVal model output. Chiara Cagnazzo and Elisa Manzini are grateful to Antonio Navarra for useful discussions. We are thankful to John Austin for suggestions and discussions on the manuscript. NR 60 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 22 BP 8935 EP 8948 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 525QX UT WOS:000272232500022 ER PT J AU Lewis, KA Arnott, WP Moosmuller, H Chakrabarty, RK Carrico, CM Kreidenweis, SM Day, DE Malm, WC Laskin, A Jimenez, JL Ulbrich, IM Huffman, JA Onasch, TB Trimborn, A Liu, L Mishchenko, MI AF Lewis, K. A. Arnott, W. P. Moosmueller, H. Chakrabarty, R. K. Carrico, C. M. Kreidenweis, S. M. Day, D. E. Malm, W. C. Laskin, A. Jimenez, J. L. Ulbrich, I. M. Huffman, J. A. Onasch, T. B. Trimborn, A. Liu, L. Mishchenko, M. I. TI Reduction in biomass burning aerosol light absorption upon humidification: roles of inorganically-induced hygroscopicity, particle collapse, and photoacoustic heat and mass transfer SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON; EVAPORATION-CONDENSATION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; COMBUSTION AEROSOLS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; SOOT PARTICLES; MORPHOLOGY; SCATTERING AB Smoke particle emissions from the combustion of biomass fuels typical for the western and southeastern United States were studied and compared under high humidity and ambient conditions in the laboratory. The fuels used were Montana ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), southern California chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum), and Florida saw palmetto (Serenoa repens). Information on the non-refractory chemical composition of biomass burning aerosol from each fuel was obtained with an aerosol mass spectrometer and through estimation of the black carbon concentration from light absorption measurements at 870 nm. Changes in the optical and physical particle properties under high humidity conditions were observed for hygroscopic smoke particles containing substantial inorganic mass fractions that were emitted from combustion of chamise and palmetto fuels. Light scattering cross sections increased under high humidity for these particles, consistent with the hygroscopic growth measured for 100 nm particles in HTDMA measurements. Photoacoustic measurements of aerosol light absorption coefficients revealed a 20% reduction with increasing relative humidity, contrary to the expectation of light absorption enhancement by the liquid coating taken up by hygroscopic particles. This reduction is hypothesized to arise from two mechanisms: (1) shielding of inner monomers after particle consolidation or collapse with water uptake; (2) the lower case contribution of mass transfer through evaporation and condensation at high relative humidity (RH) to the usual heat transfer pathway for energy release by laser-heated particles in the photoacoustic measurement of aerosol light absorption. The mass transfer contribution is used to evaluate the fraction of aerosol surface covered with liquid water solution as a function of RH. C1 [Lewis, K. A.; Arnott, W. P.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Moosmueller, H.; Chakrabarty, R. K.] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Carrico, C. M.; Kreidenweis, S. M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Day, D. E.; Malm, W. C.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Laskin, A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Ulbrich, I. M.; Huffman, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Ulbrich, I. M.; Huffman, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Onasch, T. B.; Trimborn, A.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Aerosol & Cloud Chem, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Liu, L.; Mishchenko, M. I.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Lewis, KA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM kmalewis@gmail.com RI Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012; Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Huffman, J. Alex/A-7449-2010; Moosmuller, Hans/F-8250-2011 OI Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914; Moosmuller, Hans/0000-0002-1021-8877; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Huffman, J. Alex/0000-0002-5363-9516; FU National Science Foundation ( NSF) [0552230, 0511769]; University of Nevada, Reno; US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research ( OBER); Joint Fire Science Program ( JFSP); US National Park Service ( NPS) [J8R07060005]; NSF [ATM- 0513116]; EPA STAR [R833747]; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA Glory Mission project; US Department of Energy [DE- AC06- 76RL0] FX This research was supported in part by grants 0552230 and 0511769 from the National Science Foundation ( NSF) to the Desert Research Institute and the University of Nevada, Reno, and in part by the Desert Research Institute through the Applied Research Initiative of the State of Nevada. This work also was supported by the Atmospheric Science Program of the US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research ( OBER) and by the Joint Fire Science Program ( JFSP) funding FLAME through the US National Park Service ( NPS) project # J8R07060005. JLJ, JAH, and IMU were supported by NSF ( ATM- 0513116) and EPA STAR ( R833747). LL and MIM were supported by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program and the NASA Glory Mission project. The authors gratefully acknowledge the staff at the USDA/ USFS Fire Sciences Laboratory, along with Wei- Min Hao and Jeffery L. Collett Jr., who participated in organizing the FLAME project. Additionally, the authors acknowledge Grizelle Gonzalez, USDA Forest Service: Sabana Field Research Station, Puerto Rico, Kevin Robertson, Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL, Joey Chong and David Weise, USDA Forest Service: Riverside Fire Laboratory and Robert Olson, Utah Air Quality for their contributions of biomass fuels. Preliminary AMS analysis was aided by Jesse Kroll, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The SEM/ EDX particle analysis was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. PNNL is operated by the US Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE- AC06- 76RL0. NR 56 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 22 BP 8949 EP 8966 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 525QX UT WOS:000272232500023 ER PT J AU Koch, D Schulz, M Kinne, S McNaughton, C Spackman, JR Balkanski, Y Bauer, S Berntsen, T Bond, TC Boucher, O Chin, M Clarke, A De Luca, N Dentener, F Diehl, T Dubovik, O Easter, R Fahey, DW Feichter, J Fillmore, D Freitag, S Ghan, S Ginoux, P Gong, S Horowitz, L Iversen, T Kirkevag, A Klimont, Z Kondo, Y Krol, M Liu, X Miller, R Montanaro, V Moteki, N Myhre, G Penner, JE Perlwitz, J Pitari, G Reddy, S Sahu, L Sakamoto, H Schuster, G Schwarz, JP Seland, O Stier, P Takegawa, N Takemura, T Textor, C van Aardenne, JA Zhao, Y AF Koch, D. Schulz, M. Kinne, S. McNaughton, C. Spackman, J. R. Balkanski, Y. Bauer, S. Berntsen, T. Bond, T. C. Boucher, O. Chin, M. Clarke, A. De Luca, N. Dentener, F. Diehl, T. Dubovik, O. Easter, R. Fahey, D. W. Feichter, J. Fillmore, D. Freitag, S. Ghan, S. Ginoux, P. Gong, S. Horowitz, L. Iversen, T. Kirkevag, A. Klimont, Z. Kondo, Y. Krol, M. Liu, X. Miller, R. Montanaro, V. Moteki, N. Myhre, G. Penner, J. E. Perlwitz, J. Pitari, G. Reddy, S. Sahu, L. Sakamoto, H. Schuster, G. Schwarz, J. P. Seland, O. Stier, P. Takegawa, N. Takemura, T. Textor, C. van Aardenne, J. A. Zhao, Y. TI Evaluation of black carbon estimations in global aerosol models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; TRANSPORT MODEL; MIXING STATE; GROUND MEASUREMENTS; RADIATIVE IMPACT; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; WET DEPOSITION; DUST AEROSOLS AB We evaluate black carbon (BC) model predictions from the AeroCom model intercomparison project by considering the diversity among year 2000 model simulations and comparing model predictions with available measurements. These model-measurement intercomparisons include BC surface and aircraft concentrations, aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) retrievals from AERONET and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and BC column estimations based on AERONET. In regions other than Asia, most models are biased high compared to surface concentration measurements. However compared with (column) AAOD or BC burden retreivals, the models are generally biased low. The average ratio of model to retrieved AAOD is less than 0.7 in South American and 0.6 in African biomass burning regions; both of these regions lack surface concentration measurements. In Asia the average model to observed ratio is 0.7 for AAOD and 0.5 for BC surface concentrations. Compared with aircraft measurements over the Americas at latitudes between 0 and 50N, the average model is a factor of 8 larger than observed, and most models exceed the measured BC standard deviation in the mid to upper troposphere. At higher latitudes the average model to aircraft BC ratio is 0.4 and models underestimate the observed BC loading in the lower and middle troposphere associated with springtime Arctic haze. Low model bias for AAOD but overestimation of surface and upper atmospheric BC concentrations at lower latitudes suggests that most models are underestimating BC absorption and should improve estimates for refractive index, particle size, and optical effects of BC coating. Retrieval uncertainties and/or differences with model diagnostic treatment may also contribute to the model-measurement disparity. Largest AeroCom model diversity occurred in northern Eurasia and the remote Arctic, regions influenced by anthropogenic sources. Changing emissions, aging, removal, or optical properties within a single model generated a smaller change in model predictions than the range represented by the full set of AeroCom models. Upper tropospheric concentrations of BC mass from the aircraft measurements are suggested to provide a unique new benchmark to test scavenging and vertical dispersion of BC in global models. C1 [Koch, D.; Bauer, S.; Perlwitz, J.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Koch, D.; Bauer, S.; Miller, R.; Perlwitz, J.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Schulz, M.; Balkanski, Y.; Textor, C.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Kinne, S.; Feichter, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Schuster, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Bond, T. C.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Klimont, Z.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Dentener, F.; van Aardenne, J. A.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Spackman, J. R.; Fahey, D. W.; Schwarz, J. P.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spackman, J. R.; Fahey, D. W.; Schwarz, J. P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McNaughton, C.; Clarke, A.; Freitag, S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kondo, Y.; Moteki, N.; Sahu, L.; Sakamoto, H.; Takegawa, N.] Univ Tokyo, RCAST, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Krol, M.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Berntsen, T.; Iversen, T.; Myhre, G.] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Boucher, O.; Dubovik, O.; Reddy, S.] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, CNRS, Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Chin, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Diehl, T.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Easter, R.; Ghan, S.; Liu, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ginoux, P.; Horowitz, L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Gong, S.] ARQM Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Zhao, Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fillmore, D.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Liu, X.; Penner, J. E.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [De Luca, N.; Montanaro, V.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Iversen, T.; Kirkevag, A.; Seland, O.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Myhre, G.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. RP Koch, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM dkoch@giss.nasa.gov RI Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Krol, Maarten/B-3597-2010; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Miller, Ron/E-1902-2012; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; Klimont, Zbigniew/P-7641-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016 OI Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Klimont, Zbigniew/0000-0003-2630-198X; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578 FU NASA [NNX07AI56G]; Clean Air Task Force; US Department of Energy, Office of Science; RegClim and AerOzClim; Norwegian Research Council's FX We acknowledge John Ogren and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript and Gao Chen for assistance with interpretation of the aircraft measurements. D. Koch was supported by NASA Radiation Sciences Program. Support from the Clean Air Task Force is acknowledged for support of SP2 measurements by the University of Hawaii. Ghan and Easter were funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program and by the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program under grant NNX07AI56G. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830. The work with UIO-GCM was supported by the projects RegClim and AerOzClim, and supported by the Norwegian Research Council's program for Supercomputing through a grant of computer time. We acknowledge datasets for AERONET, available at http://aeronet/gsfc.nasa.gov; IMPROVE available from http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/ IMPROVE; and EMEP from http://tarantula.nilu.no/projects/ccc. Analyses and visualizations of OMI AAOD were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). We acknowledge the field programs ARCTAS, TC4 and ARCPAC (http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov, http://espoarchive.nasa.gov/archive/, and http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/tropchem/2008ARCPAC/P3/DataDownload/, respectively). NR 125 TC 244 Z9 246 U1 19 U2 135 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 22 BP 9001 EP 9026 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 525QX UT WOS:000272232500027 ER PT J AU Liu, X Zhou, DK Larar, AM Smith, WL Schluessel, P Newman, SM Taylor, JP Wu, W AF Liu, X. Zhou, D. K. Larar, A. M. Smith, W. L. Schluessel, P. Newman, S. M. Taylor, J. P. Wu, W. TI Retrieval of atmospheric profiles and cloud properties from IASI spectra using super-channels SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; SOUNDING INTERFEROMETER RADIANCES; NONLINEAR OPTIMAL ESTIMATION; REMOTE-SENSING APPLICATIONS; SEA-SURFACE; AIRS; ICE; TEMPERATURE; EMISSIVITY AB The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) is an ultra-spectral satellite sensor with 8461 spectral channels. IASI spectra contain high information content on atmospheric, cloud, and surface properties. The instrument presents a challenge for using thousands of spectral channels in a physical retrieval system or in a Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) data assimilation system. In this paper we describe a method of simultaneously retrieving atmospheric temperature, moisture, and cloud properties using all available IASI channels without sacrificing computational speed. The essence of the method is to convert the IASI channel radiance spectra into super-channels by an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) transformation. Studies show that about 100 super-channels are adequate to capture the information content of the radiance spectra. A Principal Component-based Radiative Transfer Model (PCRTM) is used to calculate both the super-channel magnitudes and derivatives with respect to atmospheric profiles and other properties. A physical retrieval algorithm then performs an inversion of atmospheric, cloud, and surface properties in the super channel domain directly therefore both reducing the computational need and preserving the information content of the IASI measurements. While no large-scale validation has been performed on any retrieval methodology presented in this paper, comparisons of the retrieved atmospheric profiles, sea surface temperatures, and surface emissivities with co-located ground- and aircraft-based measurements over four days in Spring 2007 over the South-Central United States indicate excellent agreement. C1 [Liu, X.; Zhou, D. K.; Larar, A. M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Smith, W. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Smith, W. L.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Schluessel, P.] EUMETSAT, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. [Newman, S. M.; Taylor, J. P.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Wu, W.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM xu.liu-1@nasa.gov RI Taylor, Jonathan/B-3786-2013 FU NASA Headquarters; NPOESS Integrated Program Office (IPO); UK Met Office; Natural Environment Research Council; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France) FX The authors would like to thank for the contributions from the NASA Langley Research Center, the EUMETSAT, the UK Met Office, and the Space Science and Engineering Center of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Thanks to NCAR team (especially L. Emmons) for MOZART CO and other trace gas profiles. This work is supported by funds from the NASA Headquarters and the NPOESS Integrated Program Office (IPO). The FAAM is jointly funded by the UK Met Office and the Natural Environment Research Council. IASI has been developed and built under the responsibility of the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France). It is flown onboard the Metop satellites as part of the EUMETSAT Polar System. The IASI L1 data are received through the EUMETCast near real time data distribution service. We thank Ping Yang and his group for providing the cloud properties used in this study. We would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. NR 72 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 23 BP 9121 EP 9142 DI 10.5194/acp-9-9121-2009 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 531SV UT WOS:000272689600003 ER PT J AU Remsberg, EE Natarajan, M Lingenfelser, GS Thompson, RE Marshall, BT Gordley, LL AF Remsberg, E. E. Natarajan, M. Lingenfelser, G. S. Thompson, R. E. Marshall, B. T. Gordley, L. L. TI On the quality of the Nimbus 7 LIMS Version 6 water vapor profiles and distributions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; INFRARED MONITOR; TRACER TRANSPORT; NUMERICAL-MODEL; STRATOSPHERE; OZONE; VALIDATION; SAMS AB This report describes the quality of the Nimbus 7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) water vapor (H2O) profiles of 1978/79 that were processed with a Version 6 (V6) algorithm and archived in 2002. The V6 profiles incorporate a better knowledge of the instrument attitude for the LIMS measurements along its orbits, leading to improvements for its temperature profiles and for the registration of its water vapor radiances with pressure. As a result, the LIMS V6 zonal-mean distributions of H2O exhibit better hemispheric symmetry than was the case from the original Version 5 (V5) dataset that was archived in 1982. Estimates of the precision and accuracy of the V6 H2O profiles are developed and provided. Individual profiles have a precision of order 5% and an estimated accuracy of about 19% at 3 hPa, 14% at 10 hPa, and 26% at 50 hPa. Profile segments within about 2 km of the tropopause are often affected by emissions from clouds that appear in the finite field-of-view of the detector for the LIMS H2O channel. Zonally-averaged distributions of the LIMS V6 H2O are compared with those from the more recent Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite experiment for November, February, and May of 2004/05. The patterns and values of their respective distributions are similar in many respects. Effects of a strengthened Brewer-Dobson circulation are indicated in the MLS distributions of the recent decade versus those of LIMS from 1978/79. A tropical tape recorder signal is present in the 7-month time series of LIMS V6 H2O with lowest values in February 1979, and the estimated, annually-averaged 'entry-level' H2O is 3.5 to 3.8 ppmv. It is judged that this historic LIMS water vapor dataset is of good quality for studies of the near global-scale chemistry and transport for pressure levels from 3 hPa to about 70 to 100 hPa. C1 [Remsberg, E. E.; Natarajan, M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Lingenfelser, G. S.] SSAI, Hampton, VA 23661 USA. [Thompson, R. E.; Marshall, B. T.; Gordley, L. L.] GATS Inc, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Remsberg, EE (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd,Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM ellis.e.remsberg@nasa.gov FU NASA NRA [NNH08ZDA001N] FX We recognize John Gille and James Russell III (Co-PIs of the LIMS experiment) and the members of the original LIMS Project and Science Teams. The research leading to the improvement and generation of the LIMS V6 Level 2 water vapor dataset was conducted with funds from several NASA NRA proposals and with the consistent support of Jack Kaye of NASA Headquarters. The analyses in this manuscript were conducted with funds from the NASA NRA NNH08ZDA001N for the MAP Program administered by David Considine. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 23 BP 9155 EP 9167 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 531SV UT WOS:000272689600005 ER PT J AU Keim, C Eremenko, M Orphal, J Dufour, G Flaud, JM Hopfner, M Boynard, A Clerbaux, C Payan, S Coheur, PF Hurtmans, D Claude, H Dier, H Johnson, B Kelder, H Kivi, R Koide, T Bartolome, ML Lambkin, K Moore, D Schmidlin, FJ Stubi, R AF Keim, C. Eremenko, M. Orphal, J. Dufour, G. Flaud, J. -M. Hoepfner, M. Boynard, A. Clerbaux, C. Payan, S. Coheur, P. -F. Hurtmans, D. Claude, H. Dier, H. Johnson, B. Kelder, H. Kivi, R. Koide, T. Lopez Bartolome, M. Lambkin, K. Moore, D. Schmidlin, F. J. Stuebi, R. TI Tropospheric ozone from IASI: comparison of different inversion algorithms and validation with ozone sondes in the northern middle latitudes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE; REGULARIZATION; CLIMATE; MIPAS AB This paper presents a first statistical validation of tropospheric ozone products derived from measurements of the IASI satellite instrument. Since the end of 2006, IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) aboard the polar orbiter Metop-A measures infrared spectra of the Earth's atmosphere in nadir geometry. This validation covers the northern mid-latitudes and the period from July 2007 to August 2008. Retrieval results from four different sources are presented: three are from scientific products (LATMOS, LISA, LPMAA) and the fourth one is the pre-operational product distributed by EUMETSAT (version 4.2). The different products are derived from different algorithms with different approaches. The difference and their implications for the retrieved products are discussed. In order to evaluate the quality and the performance of each product, comparisons with the vertical ozone concentration profiles measured by balloon sondes are performed and lead to estimates of the systematic and random errors in the IASI ozone products (profiles and partial columns). A first comparison is performed on the given profiles; a second comparison takes into account the altitude dependent sensitivity of the retrievals. Tropospheric columnar amounts are compared to the sonde for a lower tropospheric column (surface to about 6 km) and a 'total' tropospheric column (surface to about 11 km). On average both tropospheric columns have small biases for the scientific products, less than 2 Dobson Units (DU) for the lower troposphere and less than 1 DU for the total troposphere. The comparison of the still pre-operational EUMETSAT columns shows higher mean differences of about 5 DU. C1 [Keim, C.; Eremenko, M.; Orphal, J.; Dufour, G.; Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris 12, LISA, CNRS, Creteil, France. [Keim, C.; Eremenko, M.; Orphal, J.; Dufour, G.; Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris 07, LISA, CNRS, Creteil, France. [Hoepfner, M.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Boynard, A.; Clerbaux, C.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UPMC, LATMOS IPSL,CNRS UMR8190, Paris, France. [Payan, S.] Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Mol Atmosphere & Astrophys, Paris, France. [Coheur, P. -F.; Hurtmans, D.] Univ Libre Brussels, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Brussels, Belgium. [Claude, H.] Meteorol Observ Hohenpeissenberg, DWD, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Dier, H.] Richard Assmann Observ, DWD, Lindenberg, Germany. [Johnson, B.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Kelder, H.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Kivi, R.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Sodankyla, Finland. [Koide, T.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Ozone Layer Monitoring Off, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. [Lopez Bartolome, M.] AEMET, Madrid, Spain. [Lambkin, K.] Valentia Observ, Irish Meteorol Serv, Cahirciveen, Kerry, Ireland. [Moore, D.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Schmidlin, F. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Stuebi, R.] MeteoSwiss, Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol, Aerol Stn, Payerne, Switzerland. RP Eremenko, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 12, LISA, CNRS, Creteil, France. EM maxim.eremenko@lisa.univ-paris12.fr RI Hopfner, Michael/A-7255-2013; Orphal, Johannes/A-8667-2012; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013 OI Hopfner, Michael/0000-0002-4174-9531; Orphal, Johannes/0000-0002-1943-4496; FU CNES; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [2006-AQ-MS-50] FX IASI has been developed and built under the responsibility of the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France). It is flown aboard the Metop satellites as part of the EUMETSAT Polar System. The IASI L1C and L2 data have been received through the EUMETCast near real time data distribution service and provided by the Ether French atmospheric database (http://ether.ipsl.jussieu.fr). The presented study has been supported by CNES in the frame of the IASI-TOSCA project. The authors are grateful to INSU for publication support. The temperature and altitude fields have been taken from ECMWF, and the ozone total columns of OMI from NASA (ftp://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/omi/data/ozone/). The ozone sonde data have been taken from the following archives: the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Data Center (WOUDC) (http://www.woudc.org), the Global Monitoring Division (GMD) of the Earth System Research Laboratory (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd), and the NILU's Atmospheric Database for Interactive Retrieval (NADIR) at Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU) (http://www.nilu.no/nadir/). Since June 2007 funding from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, Reference Number: 2006-AQ-MS-50) has allowed Valentia Observatory to extend its Ozonesonde launches to a year round weekly programme. The authors want to thank all the above mentioned institutions for their helpful work. We want to thank also the colleagues for launching sondes in Legionowo and Uccle. NR 42 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 24 BP 9329 EP 9347 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 536QZ UT WOS:000273060200001 ER PT J AU Langmann, B Duncan, B Textor, C Trentmann, J van der Werf, GR AF Langmann, Baerbel Duncan, Bryan Textor, Christiane Trentmann, Joerg van der Werf, Guido R. TI Vegetation fire emissions and their impact on air pollution and climate SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Vegetation fires; Peat burning; Emission inventories; Air pollution; Climate impact ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; CANADIAN FOREST-FIRES; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PARTICULATE MATTER; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CONTINENTAL-SCALE; RADIATIVE ENERGY AB Gaseous and particulate emissions from vegetation fires substantially modify the atmospheric chemical composition, degrade air quality and can alter weather and climate. The impact of vegetation fire emissions on air pollution and climate has been recognised in the late 1970s. The application of satellite data for fire-related Studies in the beginning of the 21th century represented a major break through in our understanding of the global importance of fires. Today the location and extent of vegetation fires, burned area and emissions released from fires are determined from satellite products even though many uncertainties persist. Numerous dedicated experimental and modeling studies contributed to improve the Current knowledge of the atmospheric impact of vegetation fires. The motivation of this paper is to give an overview of vegetation fire emissions, their environmental and climate impact, and what improvements can be expected in the near future. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Langmann, Baerbel] Univ Hamburg, Inst Geophys, Hamburg, Germany. [Duncan, Bryan] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Duncan, Bryan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Textor, Christiane] Lab Sci Climate & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Trentmann, Joerg] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, Mainz, Germany. [van der Werf, Guido R.] Vrije Univ, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Langmann, B (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Geophys, Hamburg, Germany. EM baerbel.langmann@zmaw.de RI Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Trentmann, Jorg/D-9867-2013; van der Werf, Guido/M-8260-2016 OI van der Werf, Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630 NR 126 TC 128 Z9 135 U1 5 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.047 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 390EP UT WOS:000262147400012 ER PT J AU Steinbrecht, W McGee, TJ Twigg, LW Claude, H Schonenborn, F Sumnicht, GK Silbert, D AF Steinbrecht, W. McGee, T. J. Twigg, L. W. Claude, H. Schoenenborn, F. Sumnicht, G. K. Silbert, D. TI Intercomparison of stratospheric ozone and temperature profiles during the October 2005 Hohenpeissenberg Ozone Profiling Experiment (HOPE) SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; NEW-ZEALAND; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; RAMAN LIDAR; LAUDER; VALIDATION; CAMPAIGN; AEROSOL; NETWORK; SYSTEMS AB Thirteen clear nights in October 2005 allowed successful intercomparison of the lidar operated since 1987 by the GermanWeather Service (DWD) at Hohenpeiaenberg (47.8 degrees N, 11.0 degrees E) with the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) travelling standard lidar operated by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Both lidars provide ozone profiles in the stratosphere, and temperature profiles in the strato- and mesosphere. Additional ozone profiles came from on-site Brewer/Mast ozonesondes, additional temperature profiles from Vaisala RS92 radiosondes launched at Munich (65 km north-east), and from operational analyses by the US National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). C1 [Steinbrecht, W.; Claude, H.; Schoenenborn, F.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Meteorol Observ, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [McGee, T. J.; Twigg, L. W.; Sumnicht, G. K.; Silbert, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Steinbrecht, W (reprint author), Deutsch Wetterdienst, Meteorol Observ, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. EM wolfgang.steinbrecht@dwd.de RI Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/G-6113-2010; McGee, Thomas/G-4951-2013 OI Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/0000-0003-0680-6729; NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 125 EP 145 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 601TA UT WOS:000278085900011 ER PT J AU Chauhan, S Hopfner, M Stiller, GP von Clarmann, T Funke, B Glatthor, N Grabowski, U Linden, A Kellmann, S Milz, M Steck, T Fischer, H Froidevaux, L Lambert, A Santee, ML Schwartz, M Read, WG Livesey, NJ AF Chauhan, S. Hoepfner, M. Stiller, G. P. von Clarmann, T. Funke, B. Glatthor, N. Grabowski, U. Linden, A. Kellmann, S. Milz, M. Steck, T. Fischer, H. Froidevaux, L. Lambert, A. Santee, M. L. Schwartz, M. Read, W. G. Livesey, N. J. TI MIPAS reduced spectral resolution UTLS-1 mode measurements of temperature, O-3, HNO3, N2O, H2O and relative humidity over ice: retrievals and comparison to MLS SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LIMB EMISSION-SPECTRA; ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING MIPAS; IMK-IAA PROCESSOR; MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; AURA SATELLITE; WATER-VAPOR; VALIDATION; REGULARIZATION; PROFILES AB During several periods since 2005 the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on Envisat has performed observations dedicated to the region of the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS). For the duration of November/December 2005 global distributions of temperature and several trace gases from MIPAS UTLS-1 mode measurements have been retrieved using the IMK/IAA (Institut fur Meteorologie und Klimaforschung/Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia) scientific processor. In the UTLS region a vertical resolution of 3 km for temperaure, 3 to 4 km for H2O, 2.5 to 3 km for O-3, 3.5 km for HNO3 and 3.5 to 2.5 km for N2O has been achieved. The retrieved temperature, H2O, O-3, HNO3, N2O, and relative humidity over ice are intercompared with the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS/Aura) v2.2 data in the pressure range 316 to 0.68 hPa, 316 to 0.68 hPa, 215 to 0.68 hPa, 215 to 3.16 hPa, 100 to 1 hPa and 316 to 10 hPa, respectively. In general, MIPAS and MLS temperatures are biased within +/- 4K over the whole pressure and latitude range. Systematic, latitude-independent differences of -2 to -4K (MIPAS-MLS) at 121 hPa are explained by previously observed biases in the MLS v2.2 temperature retrievals. Temperature differences of -4K up to 12K above 10.0 hPa are present both in MIPAS and MLS with respect to ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) and are likely due to deficiencies of the ECMWF analysis data. MIPAS and MLS stratospheric volume mixing ratios (vmr) of H2O are biased within +/- 1 ppmv, with indication of oscillations between 146 and 26 hPa in the MLS dataset. Tropical upper tropospheric values of relative humidity over ice measured by the two instruments differ by +/- 20% in the pressure range similar to 146 to 68 hPa. These differences are mainly caused by the MLS temperature biases. Ozone mixing ratios agree within 0.5 ppmv (10 to 20%) between 68 and 14 hPa. At pressures smaller than 10 hPa, MIPAS O-3 vmr are higher than MLS by an average of 0.5 ppmv (10%). General agreement between MIPAS and MLS HNO3 is within the range of -1.0 (-10%) to 1.0 ppbv (20%). MIPAS HNO3 is 1.0 ppbv (10%) higher compared to MLS between 46 hPa and 10 hPa over the Northern Hemisphere. Over the tropics at 31.6 hPaMLS shows a low bias of more than 1 ppbv (>50%). In general, MIPAS and MLS N(2)Ovmr agree within 20 to 40 ppbv (20 to 40%). Differences in the range between 100 to 21 hPa are attributed to a known 20% positive bias in MIPAS N2O data. C1 [Chauhan, S.; Hoepfner, M.; Stiller, G. P.; von Clarmann, T.; Glatthor, N.; Grabowski, U.; Linden, A.; Kellmann, S.; Milz, M.; Steck, T.; Fischer, H.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Funke, B.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Froidevaux, L.; Lambert, A.; Santee, M. L.; Schwartz, M.; Read, W. G.; Livesey, N. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Chauhan, S (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM swarup.chauhan@imk.fzk.de RI Milz, Mathias/C-9899-2011; Hopfner, Michael/A-7255-2013; Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013; von Clarmann, Thomas/A-7287-2013; Glatthor, Norbert/B-2141-2013; Funke, Bernd/C-2162-2008; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016 OI Milz, Mathias/0000-0002-4478-2185; Hopfner, Michael/0000-0002-4174-9531; Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; von Clarmann, Thomas/0000-0003-2219-3379; Funke, Bernd/0000-0003-0462-4702; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094 FU BMBF [50 EE 0512]; EC [SCOUT-O3]; NASA FX Re-processed MIPAS level-1B data were provided by ESA for scientific analysis. We gratefully acknowledge ECMWF for providing temperature field data and GES Distributed Active Archive Center for providing MLS temperature and trace gases data for comparison studies. This study has been funded by BMBF via contract no. 50 EE 0512 and by the EC project SCOUT-O3. The work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology was done under contract with NASA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 337 EP 353 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 601TC UT WOS:000278086100003 ER PT J AU Milz, M von Clarmann, T Bernath, P Boone, C Buehler, SA Chauhan, S Deuber, B Feist, DG Funke, B Glatthor, N Grabowski, U Griesfeller, A Haefele, A Hopfner, M Kampfer, N Kellmann, S Linden, A Muller, S Nakajima, H Oelhaf, H Remsberg, E Rohs, S Russell, JM Schiller, C Stiller, GP Sugita, T Tanaka, T Vomel, H Walker, K Wetzel, G Yokota, T Yushkov, V Zhang, G AF Milz, M. von Clarmann, T. Bernath, P. Boone, C. Buehler, S. A. Chauhan, S. Deuber, B. Feist, D. G. Funke, B. Glatthor, N. Grabowski, U. Griesfeller, A. Haefele, A. Hoepfner, M. Kaempfer, N. Kellmann, S. Linden, A. Mueller, S. Nakajima, H. Oelhaf, H. Remsberg, E. Rohs, S. Russell, J. M., III Schiller, C. Stiller, G. P. Sugita, T. Tanaka, T. Voemel, H. Walker, K. Wetzel, G. Yokota, T. Yushkov, V. Zhang, G. TI Validation of water vapour profiles (version 13) retrieved by the IMK/IAA scientific retrieval processor based on full resolution spectra measured by MIPAS on board Envisat SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; SPECTROMETER; STRATOSPHERE; INSTRUMENT; RADIOMETER AB Vertical profiles of stratospheric water vapour measured by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) with the full resolution mode between September 2002 and March 2004 and retrieved with the IMK/IAA scientific retrieval processor were compared to a number of independent measurements in order to estimate the bias and to validate the existing precision estimates of the MIPAS data. The estimated precision for MIPAS is 5 to 10% in the stratosphere, depending on altitude, latitude, and season. The independent instruments were: the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer-II (ILAS-II), the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM III) instrument, the Middle Atmospheric Water Vapour Radiometer (MIAWARA), the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding, balloon-borne version (MIPAS-B), the Airborne Microwave Stratospheric Observing System (AMSOS), the Fluorescent Stratospheric Hygrometer for Balloon (FLASH-B), the NOAA frostpoint hygrometer, and the Fast In Situ Hygrometer (FISH). For the in-situ measurements and the ground based, air-and balloon borne remote sensing instruments, the measurements are restricted to central and northern Europe. The comparisons to satellite-borne instruments are predominantly at mid-to high latitudes on both hemispheres. In the stratosphere there is no clear indication of a bias in MIPAS data, because the independent measurements in some cases are drier and in some cases are moister than the MIPAS measurements. Compared to the infrared measurements of MIPAS, measurements in the ultraviolet and visible have a tendency to be high, whereas microwave measurements have a tendency to be low. The results of chi(2)- based precision validation are somewhat controversial among the comparison estimates. However, for comparison instruments whose error budget also includes errors due to uncertainties in spectrally interfering species and where good coincidences were found, the chi(2) values found are in the expected range or even below. This suggests that there is no evidence of systematically underestimated MIPAS random errors. C1 [Milz, M.; Buehler, S. A.] Lulea Tech Univ, Dept Space Sci, Kiruna, Sweden. [von Clarmann, T.; Chauhan, S.; Glatthor, N.; Grabowski, U.; Hoepfner, M.; Kellmann, S.; Linden, A.; Oelhaf, H.; Stiller, G. P.; Wetzel, G.; Zhang, G.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [von Clarmann, T.; Chauhan, S.; Glatthor, N.; Grabowski, U.; Hoepfner, M.; Kellmann, S.; Linden, A.; Oelhaf, H.; Stiller, G. P.; Wetzel, G.; Zhang, G.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Bernath, P.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Bernath, P.; Boone, C.; Walker, K.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Deuber, B.; Haefele, A.; Kaempfer, N.; Mueller, S.] Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, Atmospher Phys Grp, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Feist, D. G.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. [Funke, B.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Griesfeller, A.] CNRS, UVSQ, LATMOS, Verrieres Le Buisson, France. [Nakajima, H.; Sugita, T.; Tanaka, T.; Yokota, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Remsberg, E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Rohs, S.; Schiller, C.] Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Voemel, H.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Walker, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Yushkov, V.] Cent Aerol Observ, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia. [Russell, J. M., III] Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Milz, M (reprint author), Lulea Tech Univ, Dept Space Sci, Kiruna, Sweden. EM mathias.milz@ltu.se RI Buehler, Stefan Alexander/A-4056-2009; Milz, Mathias/C-9899-2011; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Wetzel, Gerald/A-7065-2013; Hopfner, Michael/A-7255-2013; Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013; Oelhaf, Hermann/A-7895-2013; von Clarmann, Thomas/A-7287-2013; Schiller, Cornelius/B-1004-2013; Glatthor, Norbert/B-2141-2013; Feist, Dietrich/B-6489-2013; Funke, Bernd/C-2162-2008; Rohs, Susanne/K-1483-2016; OI Buehler, Stefan Alexander/0000-0001-6389-1160; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Hopfner, Michael/0000-0002-4174-9531; Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; von Clarmann, Thomas/0000-0003-2219-3379; Feist, Dietrich/0000-0002-5890-6687; Funke, Bernd/0000-0003-0462-4702; Rohs, Susanne/0000-0001-5473-2934; Milz, Mathias/0000-0002-4478-2185 FU BMBF [50 EE 0512]; Canadian Space Agency; Ministry of the Environment Japan, (MOE); MOWE [A-10, A071]; HGF-Vernetzungsfond [50 EE 0018, 50 EE 0203, 01 SF 9955]; APE-INFRA-project [EVR1-CT-2001-40020]; EC [SCOUT-O3] FX The authors like to thank ESA for making level-1 data available. We further thank Karl Hoppel and the POAM III team who have provided POAM III water vapour data. This work has partly been funded by BMBF under contract no. 50 EE 0512. The ACE satellite is funded primarily by the Canadian Space Agency. The ILAS-II project was funded by the Ministry of the Environment Japan, (MOE). A part of this research was supported by the Global Environment Research Fund (GERF) provided by the MOWE (A-10 and A071). The FISH experiment was funded by the BMBF (Envisat Validation Program), the HGF-Vernetzungsfond (50 EE 0018, 50 EE 0203, 01 SF 9955), and the Geophysica was funded by the APE-INFRA-project (EVR1-CT-2001-40020). The work of the IMK MIPAS/Envisat group has been funded by EC via the Integrated Project SCOUT-O3. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 379 EP 399 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 601TC UT WOS:000278086100006 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Li, XF Tao, WK Liu, Y Zhou, HG AF Wang, Donghai Li, Xiaofan Tao, Wei-Kuo Liu, Ying Zhou, Haiguang TI Torrential rainfall processes associated with a landfall of severe tropical storm Bilis (2006): A two-dimensional cloud-resolving modeling study SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cloud-precipitation microphysical processes; Surface rainfall processes; Severe tropical storm; Cloud-resolving simulation ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; SQUALL LINES; PHASE-III; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; MESOSCALE PROCESSES; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; ENSEMBLE MODEL; TOGA COARE; PART I AB Torrential rainfall processes associated with a landfall of Typhoon Bilis (2006) are investigated using a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. The model is integrated for 6 days with imposed zonally-uniform vertical velocity, zonal wind, horizontal temperature and vapor advection from NCEP/GDAS data. The simulation is validated with observations in terms of surface rain rate and reflectivity. The simulated stratiform clouds cover 89% of the simulation domain that leads to dominant stratiform rainfall on 15 July 2006. The convective clouds develop to cover 29% of the simulation domain that yields dominant convective rainfall whereas the stratiform clouds shrink to 46% on 16 July 2006. The domain-mean simulation shows that the increase of domain-mean surface rain rate from 15 to 16 July 2006 mainly results from local atmospheric moistening on 15 July and local atmospheric drying on 16 July although water vapor convergence rates in the two days are similar. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Donghai; Liu, Ying; Zhou, Haiguang] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Donghai] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Tao, Wei-Kuo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wang, DH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM d.wang@hotmail.com RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014; OI Zhou, Haiguang/0000-0003-3472-4974 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2004CB418300]; National Natural Science Foundation [40633016, 40830958] FX This research was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2004CB418300), and the National Natural Science Foundation under the grant No. 40633016 and 40830958. NR 51 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 91 IS 1 BP 94 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.07.005 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 391FV UT WOS:000262220100010 ER PT S AU Witthoeft, MC AF Witthoeft, M. C. BE Fournier, KB TI R-matrix calculations along sequences: photoionization and electron-impact excitation SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL Monterey, CA SP US DOE Off Fus Engergy Sci, Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, NIF & Photon Sci Directorate, Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Calif, Inst Mat Dynam Extreme Condit ID ATOMIC DATA; GENERAL PROGRAM; SCATTERING; IONS AB As computer power continues to increase, so does our ability to carry out extensive, non-perturbative calculations of atomic processes. Much work has been done on increasing the target representation of complex systems in step with advances in computational power. However there is also a need for coverage in terms of atomic data used in astrophysical or fusion plasma modeling. In this talk, we discuss recent R-matrix calculations of electron-impact excitation and photoionization over iso-electronic sequences. While automation of R-matrix codes and data analysis are reviewed, the talk is focused on iso-electronic trends observed in the data. Specifically, we show the effect that resonant enhancement and level mixing can have on expected iso-electronic trends. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Witthoeft, MC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0698-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1161 BP 231 EP 241 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BOC76 UT WOS:000276195200031 ER PT B AU Dechev, D Rouquette, N Pirkelbauer, P Stroustrup, B AF Dechev, Damian Rouquette, Nicolas Pirkelbauer, Peter Stroustrup, Bjarne BE Vasilakos, AV Parashar, M Karnouskos, S Pedrycz, W TI Programming and Validation Techniques for Reliable Goal-driven Autonomic Software SO AUTONOMIC COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Future space missions such as the Mars Science Laboratory demand the engineering of some of the most complex man-rated autonomous software systems. According to some recent estimates, the certification cost for mission-critical software exceeds its development cost. The current process-oriented methodologies do not reach the level of detail of providing guidelines for the development and validation of concurrent software. Time and concurrency are the most critical notions in an autonomous space system. In this work we present the design and implementation of a first concurrency and time centered framework for verification and semantic parallelization of real-time C++ within the JPL Mission Data System Framework (MDS). The end goal of the industrial project that motivated our work is to provide certification artifacts and accelerated testing of the complex software interactions in autonomous flight systems. As a case study we demonstrate the verification and semantic parallelization of the MDS Goal Networks. C1 [Dechev, Damian; Pirkelbauer, Peter; Stroustrup, Bjarne] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rouquette, Nicolas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Dechev, D (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM dechev@tamu.edu; nicolas.rouquette@jpl.nasa.gov; pirkelp@tamu.edu; bs@cs.tamu.edu OI Dechev, Damian/0000-0002-0569-3403 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-09752-7 PY 2009 BP 231 EP 247 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-09753-4_9 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-09753-4 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLT54 UT WOS:000270986900009 ER PT S AU Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R AF Truszkowski, Walt Hallock, Harold L. Rouff, Christopher Karlin, Jay Rash, James Hinchey, Mike Sterritt, Roy BA Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R BF Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R TI Autonomous and Autonomic Systems: With Applications to NASA Intelligent Spacecraft Operations and Exploration Systems Introduction SO AUTONOMOUS AND AUTONOMIC SYSTEMS: WITH APPLICATIONS TO NASA INTELLIGENT SPACECRAFT OPERATIONS AND EXPLORATION SYSTEMS SE NASA Monographs in Systems and Software Engineering LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID AGENT; MANAGEMENT; MISSION; HARD; AI C1 [Truszkowski, Walt; Hallock, Harold L.; Rash, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rouff, Christopher] Adv Technol Labs, Arlington, VA USA. [Karlin, Jay] Viable Syst Inc, Maryland, MD 20814 USA. [Hinchey, Mike] Univ Limerick, Lero Irish Software Engn Res Ctr, Limerick, Ireland. [Sterritt, Roy] Univ Ulster, Comp Sci Res Inst, Newtownabbey, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Truszkowski, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 587, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Walt.Truszowski@nasa.gov; harold.l.hallock@nasa.gov; christopher.rouff@lmco.com; jkarlin1@comcast.net; James.L.Rash@nasa.gov; r.sterritt@ulster.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1860-0131 BN 978-1-84628-232-4 J9 NASA MONOGR SYST SOF PY 2009 BP 3 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-233-1_1 PG 35 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BMP56 UT WOS:000273283600001 ER PT S AU Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R AF Truszkowski, Walt Hallock, Harold L. Rouff, Christopher Karlin, Jay Rash, James Hinchey, Mike Sterritt, Roy BA Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R BF Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R TI Overview of Flight and Ground Software SO AUTONOMOUS AND AUTONOMIC SYSTEMS: WITH APPLICATIONS TO NASA INTELLIGENT SPACECRAFT OPERATIONS AND EXPLORATION SYSTEMS SE NASA Monographs in Systems and Software Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Truszkowski, Walt; Hallock, Harold L.; Rash, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rouff, Christopher] Adv Technol Labs, Arlington, VA USA. [Karlin, Jay] Viable Syst Inc, Maryland, MD 20814 USA. [Hinchey, Mike] Univ Limerick, Lero Irish Software Engn Res Ctr, Limerick, Ireland. [Sterritt, Roy] Univ Ulster, Comp Sci Res Inst, Newtownabbey, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Truszkowski, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 587, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Walt.Truszowski@nasa.gov; harold.l.hallock@nasa.gov; christopher.rouff@lmco.com; jkarlin1@comcast.net; James.L.Rash@nasa.gov; r.sterritt@ulster.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1860-0131 BN 978-1-84628-232-4 J9 NASA MONOGR SYST SOF PY 2009 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-233-1_2 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BMP56 UT WOS:000273283600002 ER PT S AU Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R AF Truszkowski, Walt Hallock, Harold L. Rouff, Christopher Karlin, Jay Rash, James Hinchey, Mike Sterritt, Roy BA Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R BF Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R TI Flight Autonomy Evolution SO AUTONOMOUS AND AUTONOMIC SYSTEMS: WITH APPLICATIONS TO NASA INTELLIGENT SPACECRAFT OPERATIONS AND EXPLORATION SYSTEMS SE NASA Monographs in Systems and Software Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Truszkowski, Walt; Hallock, Harold L.; Rash, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rouff, Christopher] Adv Technol Labs, Arlington, VA USA. [Karlin, Jay] Viable Syst Inc, Maryland, MD 20814 USA. [Hinchey, Mike] Univ Limerick, Lero Irish Software Engn Res Ctr, Limerick, Ireland. [Sterritt, Roy] Univ Ulster, Comp Sci Res Inst, Newtownabbey, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Truszkowski, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 587, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Walt.Truszowski@nasa.gov; harold.l.hallock@nasa.gov; christopher.rouff@lmco.com; jkarlin1@comcast.net; James.L.Rash@nasa.gov; r.sterritt@ulster.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1860-0131 BN 978-1-84628-232-4 J9 NASA MONOGR SYST SOF PY 2009 BP 37 EP 67 DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-233-1_3 PG 31 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BMP56 UT WOS:000273283600003 ER PT S AU Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R AF Truszkowski, Walt Hallock, Harold L. Rouff, Christopher Karlin, Jay Rash, James Hinchey, Mike Sterritt, Roy BA Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R BF Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R TI Ground Autonomy Evolution SO AUTONOMOUS AND AUTONOMIC SYSTEMS: WITH APPLICATIONS TO NASA INTELLIGENT SPACECRAFT OPERATIONS AND EXPLORATION SYSTEMS SE NASA Monographs in Systems and Software Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Truszkowski, Walt; Hallock, Harold L.; Rash, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rouff, Christopher] Adv Technol Labs, Arlington, VA USA. [Karlin, Jay] Viable Syst Inc, Maryland, MD 20814 USA. [Hinchey, Mike] Univ Limerick, Lero Irish Software Engn Res Ctr, Limerick, Ireland. [Sterritt, Roy] Univ Ulster, Comp Sci Res Inst, Newtownabbey, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Truszkowski, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 587, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Walt.Truszowski@nasa.gov; harold.l.hallock@nasa.gov; christopher.rouff@lmco.com; jkarlin1@comcast.net; James.L.Rash@nasa.gov; r.sterritt@ulster.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1860-0131 BN 978-1-84628-232-4 J9 NASA MONOGR SYST SOF PY 2009 BP 69 EP 91 DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-233-1_4 PG 23 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BMP56 UT WOS:000273283600004 ER PT S AU Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R AF Truszkowski, Walt Hallock, Harold L. Rouff, Christopher Karlin, Jay Rash, James Hinchey, Mike Sterritt, Roy BA Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R BF Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R TI Core Technologies for Developing Autonomous and Autonomic Systems SO AUTONOMOUS AND AUTONOMIC SYSTEMS: WITH APPLICATIONS TO NASA INTELLIGENT SPACECRAFT OPERATIONS AND EXPLORATION SYSTEMS SE NASA Monographs in Systems and Software Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Truszkowski, Walt; Hallock, Harold L.; Rash, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rouff, Christopher] Adv Technol Labs, Arlington, VA USA. [Karlin, Jay] Viable Syst Inc, Maryland, MD 20814 USA. [Hinchey, Mike] Univ Limerick, Lero Irish Software Engn Res Ctr, Limerick, Ireland. [Sterritt, Roy] Univ Ulster, Comp Sci Res Inst, Newtownabbey, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Truszkowski, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 587, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Walt.Truszowski@nasa.gov; harold.l.hallock@nasa.gov; christopher.rouff@lmco.com; jkarlin1@comcast.net; James.L.Rash@nasa.gov; r.sterritt@ulster.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1860-0131 BN 978-1-84628-232-4 J9 NASA MONOGR SYST SOF PY 2009 BP 95 EP 113 DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-233-1_5 PG 19 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BMP56 UT WOS:000273283600005 ER PT S AU Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R AF Truszkowski, Walt Hallock, Harold L. Rouff, Christopher Karlin, Jay Rash, James Hinchey, Mike Sterritt, Roy BA Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R BF Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R TI Agent-Based Spacecraft Autonomy Design Concepts SO AUTONOMOUS AND AUTONOMIC SYSTEMS: WITH APPLICATIONS TO NASA INTELLIGENT SPACECRAFT OPERATIONS AND EXPLORATION SYSTEMS SE NASA Monographs in Systems and Software Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Truszkowski, Walt; Hallock, Harold L.; Rash, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rouff, Christopher] Adv Technol Labs, Arlington, VA USA. [Karlin, Jay] Viable Syst Inc, Maryland, MD 20814 USA. [Hinchey, Mike] Univ Limerick, Lero Irish Software Engn Res Ctr, Limerick, Ireland. [Sterritt, Roy] Univ Ulster, Comp Sci Res Inst, Newtownabbey, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Truszkowski, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 587, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Walt.Truszowski@nasa.gov; harold.l.hallock@nasa.gov; christopher.rouff@lmco.com; jkarlin1@comcast.net; James.L.Rash@nasa.gov; r.sterritt@ulster.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1860-0131 BN 978-1-84628-232-4 J9 NASA MONOGR SYST SOF PY 2009 BP 115 EP 146 DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-233-1_6 PG 32 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BMP56 UT WOS:000273283600006 ER PT S AU Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R AF Truszkowski, Walt Hallock, Harold L. Rouff, Christopher Karlin, Jay Rash, James Hinchey, Mike Sterritt, Roy BA Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R BF Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R TI Cooperative Autonomy SO AUTONOMOUS AND AUTONOMIC SYSTEMS: WITH APPLICATIONS TO NASA INTELLIGENT SPACECRAFT OPERATIONS AND EXPLORATION SYSTEMS SE NASA Monographs in Systems and Software Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Truszkowski, Walt; Hallock, Harold L.; Rash, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rouff, Christopher] Adv Technol Labs, Arlington, VA USA. [Karlin, Jay] Viable Syst Inc, Maryland, MD 20814 USA. [Hinchey, Mike] Univ Limerick, Lero Irish Software Engn Res Ctr, Limerick, Ireland. [Sterritt, Roy] Univ Ulster, Comp Sci Res Inst, Newtownabbey, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Truszkowski, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 587, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Walt.Truszowski@nasa.gov; harold.l.hallock@nasa.gov; christopher.rouff@lmco.com; jkarlin1@comcast.net; James.L.Rash@nasa.gov; r.sterritt@ulster.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1860-0131 BN 978-1-84628-232-4 J9 NASA MONOGR SYST SOF PY 2009 BP 147 EP 172 DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-233-1_7 PG 26 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BMP56 UT WOS:000273283600007 ER PT S AU Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R AF Truszkowski, Walt Hallock, Harold L. Rouff, Christopher Karlin, Jay Rash, James Hinchey, Mike Sterritt, Roy BA Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R BF Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R TI Autonomic Systems SO AUTONOMOUS AND AUTONOMIC SYSTEMS: WITH APPLICATIONS TO NASA INTELLIGENT SPACECRAFT OPERATIONS AND EXPLORATION SYSTEMS SE NASA Monographs in Systems and Software Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Truszkowski, Walt; Hallock, Harold L.; Rash, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rouff, Christopher] Adv Technol Labs, Arlington, VA USA. [Karlin, Jay] Viable Syst Inc, Maryland, MD 20814 USA. [Hinchey, Mike] Univ Limerick, Lero Irish Software Engn Res Ctr, Limerick, Ireland. [Sterritt, Roy] Univ Ulster, Comp Sci Res Inst, Newtownabbey, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Truszkowski, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 587, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Walt.Truszowski@nasa.gov; harold.l.hallock@nasa.gov; christopher.rouff@lmco.com; jkarlin1@comcast.net; James.L.Rash@nasa.gov; r.sterritt@ulster.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1860-0131 BN 978-1-84628-232-4 J9 NASA MONOGR SYST SOF PY 2009 BP 173 EP 186 DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-233-1_8 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BMP56 UT WOS:000273283600008 ER PT S AU Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R AF Truszkowski, Walt Hallock, Harold L. Rouff, Christopher Karlin, Jay Rash, James Hinchey, Mike Sterritt, Roy BA Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R BF Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R TI Autonomy in Spacecraft Constellations SO AUTONOMOUS AND AUTONOMIC SYSTEMS: WITH APPLICATIONS TO NASA INTELLIGENT SPACECRAFT OPERATIONS AND EXPLORATION SYSTEMS SE NASA Monographs in Systems and Software Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Truszkowski, Walt; Hallock, Harold L.; Rash, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rouff, Christopher] Adv Technol Labs, Arlington, VA USA. [Karlin, Jay] Viable Syst Inc, Maryland, MD 20814 USA. [Hinchey, Mike] Univ Limerick, Lero Irish Software Engn Res Ctr, Limerick, Ireland. [Sterritt, Roy] Univ Ulster, Comp Sci Res Inst, Newtownabbey, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Truszkowski, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 587, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Walt.Truszowski@nasa.gov; harold.l.hallock@nasa.gov; christopher.rouff@lmco.com; jkarlin1@comcast.net; James.L.Rash@nasa.gov; r.sterritt@ulster.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1860-0131 BN 978-1-84628-232-4 J9 NASA MONOGR SYST SOF PY 2009 BP 189 EP 205 DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-233-1_9 PG 17 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BMP56 UT WOS:000273283600009 ER PT S AU Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R AF Truszkowski, Walt Hallock, Harold L. Rouff, Christopher Karlin, Jay Rash, James Hinchey, Mike Sterritt, Roy BA Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R BF Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R TI Swarms in Space Missions SO AUTONOMOUS AND AUTONOMIC SYSTEMS: WITH APPLICATIONS TO NASA INTELLIGENT SPACECRAFT OPERATIONS AND EXPLORATION SYSTEMS SE NASA Monographs in Systems and Software Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Truszkowski, Walt; Hallock, Harold L.; Rash, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rouff, Christopher] Adv Technol Labs, Arlington, VA USA. [Karlin, Jay] Viable Syst Inc, Maryland, MD 20814 USA. [Hinchey, Mike] Univ Limerick, Lero Irish Software Engn Res Ctr, Limerick, Ireland. [Sterritt, Roy] Univ Ulster, Comp Sci Res Inst, Newtownabbey, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Truszkowski, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 587, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Walt.Truszowski@nasa.gov; harold.l.hallock@nasa.gov; christopher.rouff@lmco.com; jkarlin1@comcast.net; James.L.Rash@nasa.gov; r.sterritt@ulster.ac.uk NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1860-0131 BN 978-1-84628-232-4 J9 NASA MONOGR SYST SOF PY 2009 BP 207 EP 221 DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-233-1_10 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BMP56 UT WOS:000273283600010 ER PT S AU Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R AF Truszkowski, Walt Hallock, Harold L. Rouff, Christopher Karlin, Jay Rash, James Hinchey, Mike Sterritt, Roy BA Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R BF Truszkowski, W Hallock, HL Rouff, C Karlin, J Rash, J Hinchey, M Sterritt, R TI Concluding Remarks SO AUTONOMOUS AND AUTONOMIC SYSTEMS: WITH APPLICATIONS TO NASA INTELLIGENT SPACECRAFT OPERATIONS AND EXPLORATION SYSTEMS SE NASA Monographs in Systems and Software Engineering LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Truszkowski, Walt; Hallock, Harold L.; Rash, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rouff, Christopher] Adv Technol Labs, Arlington, VA USA. [Karlin, Jay] Viable Syst Inc, Maryland, MD 20814 USA. [Hinchey, Mike] Univ Limerick, Lero Irish Software Engn Res Ctr, Limerick, Ireland. [Sterritt, Roy] Univ Ulster, Comp Sci Res Inst, Newtownabbey, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Truszkowski, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 587, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Walt.Truszowski@nasa.gov; harold.l.hallock@nasa.gov; christopher.rouff@lmco.com; jkarlin1@comcast.net; James.L.Rash@nasa.gov; r.sterritt@ulster.ac.uk NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1860-0131 BN 978-1-84628-232-4 J9 NASA MONOGR SYST SOF PY 2009 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-233-1_11 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BMP56 UT WOS:000273283600011 ER PT J AU Peters, RA Hambuchen, KA Bodenheimer, RE AF Peters, Richard Alan, II Hambuchen, Kimberly A. Bodenheimer, Robert E. TI The sensory ego-sphere: a mediating interface between sensors and cognition SO AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS LA English DT Article DE Robotics; Artificial intelligence; Sensory fusion; Sensory-motor coordination; Short-term memory ID MEMORY; MODEL AB The Sensory Ego-Sphere (SES) is an interface for a robot that serves to mediate information between sensors and cognition. The SES can be visualized as a sphere centered on the coordinate frame of the robot, spatially indexed by polar and azimuthal angles. Internally, the SES is a graph with a fixed number of edges that partitions surrounding space and contains localized sensor information from the robot. This paper describes the SES and gives the results of implementing the SES on multiple robots, both humanoid and mobile, to support essential functions such as a localized short-term memory, spatio-temporal sensory-motor event detection, attentional processing, data sharing, and ego-centric navigation. C1 [Peters, Richard Alan, II; Hambuchen, Kimberly A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, VU Stn B, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Hambuchen, Kimberly A.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Peters, RA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, VU Stn B, 351679,2301 Vanderbilt Pl, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM Alan.Peters@Vanderbilt.edu FU DARPA-IPTO [DASG60-99-1-0005]; NASA-JSC [NAG9-1428, NAG9-1446, NAG9-1515] FX This research was supported in part by DARPA-IPTO grant DASG60-99-1-0005, and NASA-JSC grants NAG9-1428, NAG9-1446 and NAG9-1515. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5593 J9 AUTON ROBOT JI Auton. Robot. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s10514-008-9098-3 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 441AZ UT WOS:000265743000001 ER PT J AU Barragan, L Wilms, J Pottschmidt, K Nowak, MA Kreykenbohm, I Walter, R AF Barragan, Laura Wilms, Joern Pottschmidt, Katja Nowak, Michael A. Kreykenbohm, Ingo Walter, Roland TI SUZAKU OBSERVATION OF IGR J16318-4848 SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE stars: individual (IGR J16318-4848); binaries: general; X-rays: binaries ID X-RAY BINARY; J16358-4726 AB IGR J16318-4848 is the first example of a new class of highly absorbed X-ray binaries that has been discovered by INTEGRAL. We analyzed the first Suzaku observation of this source (2006 August 14-17), and obtained a spectrum that can be well described by an absorption model (TBabs) and a cutoff powerlaw, plus the Gaussians for the emission lines of Fe K alpha, Fe K beta and Ni K alpha. The spectrum also shows a soft excess below 5 keV, which is probably due to a contaminating source (Ibarra et al. 2007). The flux curve varies significantly in hours; however the source remains always in a hard state, with very slight changes on the hardness ratio. Despite the large N(H) we obtain in the fit to our model, no Compton shoulder is seen in the lines, arguing for a non-spherical and inhomogeneous absorber. The fit requires a slight overabundance of iron with respect to the ISM values of Wilms et al. (2000), as one would expect for an evolved star. Furthermore, the flux ratio of Fe and Ni also points towards a Ni overabundance by a factor of similar to 2 with respect to Fe. The spectral characteristics of the source suggest a neutron star as the compact object in the binary system. C1 [Barragan, Laura; Wilms, Joern; Kreykenbohm, Ingo] Remeis Sternwarte & ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Barragan, Laura; Wilms, Joern; Kreykenbohm, Ingo] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, CRESST, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Pottschmidt, Katja] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ASD, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pottschmidt, Katja] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Nowak, Michael A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Walter, Roland] Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. RP Barragan, L (reprint author), Remeis Sternwarte & ECAP, Sternwartstr 7, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. EM Laura.Barragan@sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de RI Wilms, Joern/C-8116-2013; Kreykenbohm, Ingo/H-9659-2013; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 OI Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410; Kreykenbohm, Ingo/0000-0001-7335-1803; FU DLR [50OR0701]; DAAD; AVCR FX We acknowledge the support from DLR grant 50OR0701, as well as from DAAD and AVCR. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 316 EP 320 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 580TX UT WOS:000276474400015 ER PT S AU Ke, L Walker, MF Joshi, A Reschke, M Strupp, M Leigh, RJ AF Ke Liao Walker, Mark F. Joshi, Anand Reschke, Millard Strupp, Michael Leigh, R. John BE Strupp, M Buttner, U Cohen, B TI The Human Vertical Translational Vestibule-ocular Reflex Normal and Abnormal Responses SO BASIC AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF VERTIGO AND DIZZINESS SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article DE locomotion; moving platform; motional parallax; PSP; cerebellar ataxia ID EYE-MOVEMENT RESPONSES; VIEWING DISTANCE; CEREBELLAR-ATAXIA; TARGET DISTANCE; LINEAR MOTION; ENHANCEMENT; STABILIZATION; SUPPRESSION; DEPENDENCE; MODULATION AB Geometric considerations indicate that the human translational vestibule-ocular reflex (tVOR) should have substantially different properties than the angular vestibule-ocular reflex (aVOR). Specifically, tVOR cannot simultaneously stabilize images of distant and near objects on the retina. Most studies make the tacit assumption that tVOR acts to stabilize foveal images even though, in humans, tVOR is reported to compensate for less than 60% of foveal image motion. We have determined that the compensation gain (eye rotational velocity/required eye rotational velocity to maintain foveal target fixation) of tVOR is held steady at similar to 0.6 during viewing of either near or distant targets during vertical (bob) translations in ambient illumination. We postulate that tVOR evolved not to stabilize the image of the target on the fovea, but rather to minimize retinal image motion between objects lying in different depth planes, in order to optimize motion parallax information. Such behavior is optimized when binocular visual cues of both near and distant targets are available in ambient light. Patients with progressive supranuclear palsy or cerebellar ataxia show impaired ability to increase tVOR responses appropriately when they view near targets. In cerebellar patients, impaired ability to adjust tVOR responses to viewing conditions occurs despite intact ability to converge at near. Loss of the ability to adjust tVOR according to viewing conditions appears to represent a distinct disorder of vestibular function. C1 [Walker, Mark F.; Leigh, R. John] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Neurol, Daroff DellOsso Lab, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Ke Liao; Joshi, Anand; Leigh, R. John] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Daroff Dell Osso Lab, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Reschke, Millard] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Neurosci Labs, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Strupp, Michael] Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. RP Leigh, RJ (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Neurol, Daroff DellOsso Lab, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM rjl4@case.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-717-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2009 VL 1164 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03711.x PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJR21 UT WOS:000267019700009 ER PT S AU Wood, SJ Black, FO MacDougall, HG Moore, ST AF Wood, Scott J. Black, F. Owen MacDougall, Hamish G. Moore, Steven T. BE Strupp, M Buttner, U Cohen, B TI Electrotactile Feedback of Sway Position Improves Postural Performance during Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation SO BASIC AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF VERTIGO AND DIZZINESS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE posturography; translation; biofeedback ID BALANCE CONTROL; BIOFEEDBACK AB The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of electrotactile feedback on postural control performance during binaural galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS). Postural equilibrium was measured with a computerized hydraulic platform in 10 healthy adults (6M, 4F, 24-65 y). Feedback of anterior-posterior (AP) and mediallateral (ML) body sway was derived from a 2-axis linear accelerometer mounted on a torso belt and displayed on a 144-point electrotactile array held against the anterior dorsal tongue. Subjects were trained to use the tongue electrotactile feedback (TEF) by voluntarily swaying to draw figures on their tongue, both with and without GVS. Subjects performed 24 randomized trials (20-s duration with eyes closed, 2 trials per condition), including 4 support surface conditions (fixed, rotational sway-referenced, translating the support surface proportional to AP sway, and combined rotational-translational support-platform sway referencing), and 3 feedback conditions (baseline, GVS, and GVS with TEF). Postural performance was assessed using deviations from upright (peak-to-peak and root-mean-square sway) and convergence toward stability limits (time and distance to limit of support boundaries). Postural stability was impaired (with respect to baseline) during GVS in all platform conditions, with larger decrements in performance during trials with rotation sway-referencing. Electrotactile feedback improved performance with GVS toward non-GVS levels, especially during trials with rotation sway-referencing. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of TEF in providing sensory substitution to maintain postural stability during vestibular disturbances. C1 [Black, F. Owen] Legacy Hlth Syst, Neurotol Res, Portland, OR 97228 USA. [Wood, Scott J.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [MacDougall, Hamish G.] Univ Sydney, Dept Psychol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Moore, Steven T.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Neurol, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Black, FO (reprint author), Legacy Hlth Syst, Neurotol Res, 1225 NE 2nd Ave, Portland, OR 97228 USA. EM fob@neurotology.org OI Moore, Steven/0000-0003-3995-4912 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-717-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2009 VL 1164 BP 492 EP 498 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03768.x PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJR21 UT WOS:000267019700083 PM 19645956 ER PT S AU Vertrees, RA Jordan, JM Solley, T Goodwin, TJ AF Vertrees, Roger A. Jordan, Jeffrey M. Solley, Travis Goodwin, Thomas J. BE Cagle, PT Allen, TC TI Tissue Culture Models SO BASIC CONCEPTS OF MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY SE Molecular Pathology Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; 3-DIMENSIONAL GROWTH-PATTERNS; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ROTATING-WALL VESSELS; IN-VITRO; SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY; SMALL-INTESTINE; COLLAGEN GELS; ALKYLATING-AGENTS C1 [Vertrees, Roger A.; Solley, Travis] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Surg, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Jordan, Jeffrey M.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX USA. [Goodwin, Thomas J.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Dept Biomed Res, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Goodwin, Thomas J.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Operat Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Vertrees, RA (reprint author), Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Surg, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. NR 130 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1935-987X BN 978-0-387-89625-0 J9 MOL PATHOL LIB PY 2009 VL 2 BP 159 EP 182 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-89626-7_18 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-89626-7 PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pathology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pathology GA BKC76 UT WOS:000267776700018 ER PT J AU Koehne, JE Chen, H Cassell, A Liu, GY Li, J Meyyappan, M AF Koehne, Jessica E. Chen, Hua Cassell, Alan Liu, Gang-yu Li, Jun Meyyappan, M. TI Arrays of carbon nanofibers as a platform for biosensing at the molecular level and for tissue engineering and implantation SO BIO-MEDICAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanofibers; vertically aligned nanoelectrode array; DNA sensors; cell scaffold ID NANOTUBE NANOELECTRODE ARRAYS; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; MODIFIED ELECTRODE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; METHYLENE-BLUE; DNA; HYBRIDIZATION; PROBES; ASSAY; CHIP AB Arrays of Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) harness the advantages of individual CNF as well the collective property of assemblies, which made them promising materials in biosensing and tissue engineering or implantation. Here, we report two studies to explore the applications of vertically aligned CNFs. First, a nanoelectrode array (NEA) based on vertically aligned CNFs embedded in SiO(2) is used for ultrasensitive DNA detection. Oligonucleotide probes are selectively functionalized at the open ends of the CNFs and specifically hybridized with oligonucleotide targets. The guanine groups are employed as the signal moieties in the electrochemical measurements. Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) mediator is used to further amplify the guanine oxidation signal. The hybridization of less than similar to 1000 molecules of PCR amplified DNA targets are detected electrochemically by combining the CNF nanoelectrode array with the Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) amplification mechanism. Second, the SiO(2) matrix was etched back to produce needle-like protruding nanoelectrode arrays to be used as cell interfacing fibers for investigating gene transfection, electrical stimulation and detection of cellular processes. Our goal is to take advantage of the nanostructure of CNFs for unconventional biomolecular studies requiring ultrahigh sensitivity, high-degree of miniaturization and selective biofunctionalization. C1 [Koehne, Jessica E.; Li, Jun; Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Chen, Hua] ELORET Corp, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Cassell, Alan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Koehne, Jessica E.; Liu, Gang-yu] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Li, Jun] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Koehne, JE (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 229-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Jessica.E.Koehne@nasa.gov RI Li, Jun/H-7771-2013 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-3689-8946 FU NASA [NAS2-99092]; University of California; Davis and the National Institute of Health FX This work was supported by NASA under contract # NAS2-99092, University of California, Davis and the National Institute of Health. The authors thank T. D. Barbara Nguyen-Vu for advice on cell preparation for SEM analysis and Yih Horng Tan for assistance with manuscript preparations. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0959-2989 J9 BIO-MED MATER ENG JI Bio-Med. Mater. Eng. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.3233/BME-2009-0561 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 453AW UT WOS:000266583300006 PM 19458444 ER PT B AU Charnley, SB Rodgers, SD AF Charnley, S. B. Rodgers, S. D. BE Meech, KJ Keane, JV Mumma, MJ Siefert, JL Werthimer, DJ TI Theoretical Models of Complex Molecule Formation on Dust SO BIOASTRONOMY 2007: MOLECULES, MICROBES, AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bioastronomy CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL San Juan, PR ID INTERSTELLAR; SPECTROSCOPY; ICES; METEORITES; PROTOSTARS; KINETICS; COMETS; CLOUDS; GAS AB Catalytic reactions on interstellar grain surfaces can lead to a large variety of organic molecules. The basic theoretical ideas necessary to model these processes correctly are presented. C1 [Charnley, S. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rodgers, S. D.] NASA Ames Res Ctr & Carl Sagan Ctr, SETI Inst, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Charnley, SB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Charnley, Steven/C-9538-2012 FU NASA's Exobiology Program; NASA Goddard Center for Astrobiology FX This work was supported by NASAs Exobiology Program and by the NASA Goddard Center for Astrobiology. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-720-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 420 BP 29 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL38 UT WOS:000281244800003 ER PT B AU Wang, KS Kuan, YJ Liu, SY Huang, HC Charnley, SB AF Wang, K. S. Kuan, Y. J. Liu, S. Y. Huang, H. C. Charnley, S. B. BE Meech, KJ Keane, JV Mumma, MJ Siefert, JL Werthimer, DJ TI Organic Molecules in the Orion KL Hot Molecular Core SO BIOASTRONOMY 2007: MOLECULES, MICROBES, AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bioastronomy CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL San Juan, PR ID MASSIVE STAR-FORMATION; REGIONS; CLOUDS AB We report Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations of the Orion KL region in lines of CH3CN, C2H3CN, C2H5CN, CH3OH, HCOOCH3 and (CH3)(2)O. High spatial-resolution mapping shows remarkable chemical differentiation on small scales. These observations provide new insights into the organic chemistry associated with young protostars. C1 [Wang, K. S.; Kuan, Y. J.; Liu, S. Y.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Kuan, Y. J.; Huang, H. C.] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. [Charnley, S. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab & Ctr Astrobiol, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wang, KS (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RI Charnley, Steven/C-9538-2012 FU NSC [95- 2112-M-003-016]; NASA's Exobiology Program; NASA Goddard Center for Astrobiology FX The research of Y.-J. K. was supported by NSC 95- 2112-M-003-016 grant. This work was supported by NASAs Exobiology Program and by the NASA Goddard Center for Astrobiology. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-720-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 420 BP 49 EP + PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL38 UT WOS:000281244800006 ER PT B AU Kisiel, Z Pszczolkowski, L Bialkowska-Jaworska, E Charnley, SB AF Kisiel, Z. Pszczolkowski, L. Bialkowska-Jaworska, E. Charnley, S. B. BE Meech, KJ Keane, JV Mumma, MJ Siefert, JL Werthimer, DJ TI Towards Quantifying the Prevalence of Primitive Membranes in the Galaxy: The Millimeter-Wave Rotational Spectrum of Pyruvic Acid SO BIOASTRONOMY 2007: MOLECULES, MICROBES, AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bioastronomy CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL San Juan, PR ID LIFE; METEORITES; MOLECULES; ORIGIN AB If present in the interstellar medium, pyruvic acid is a molecule that could initiate the formation of primitive, vesicle-like structures throughout the Galaxy. We outline how it could be formed in interstellar chemistry and report recent laboratory work to measure its rotational spectrum. The results from this work will enable a search for interstellar pyruvic acid to be undertaken. C1 [Kisiel, Z.; Pszczolkowski, L.; Bialkowska-Jaworska, E.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Warsaw, Poland. [Charnley, S. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab & Ctr Astrobiol, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kisiel, Z (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Warsaw, Poland. RI Charnley, Steven/C-9538-2012; Kisiel, Zbigniew/K-8798-2016; Bialkowska-Jaworska, Ewa/R-9282-2016; Pszczolkowski, Lech/S-3018-2016 OI Kisiel, Zbigniew/0000-0002-2570-3154; FU NASA; NASA Goddard Center for Astrobiology; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [N202-0541- 33] FX command. This work was supported by NASAs Exobiology Program and by the NASA Goddard Center for Astrobiology. Support from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education grant no. N202-0541- 33 is also acknowledged. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-720-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 420 BP 87 EP + PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL38 UT WOS:000281244800011 ER PT B AU Sandford, SA AF Sandford, S. A. BE Meech, KJ Keane, JV Mumma, MJ Siefert, JL Werthimer, DJ TI Organics in the Samples Returned by the Stardust Spacecraft from Comet 81P/Wild 2 SO BIOASTRONOMY 2007: MOLECULES, MICROBES, AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bioastronomy CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL San Juan, PR ID PARTICLES; DUST; MICROSCOPE; MATTER AB Cometary organics are of great interest because these materials represent a reservoir of the original carbon-containing materials from which everything else in our Solar System was made and that may have played key roles in the origin of life on Earth. These organics are products of a series of universal chemical processes expected to operate in all galaxies, so they also provide insights into the abundance of Life elsewhere in the universe. Our understanding of cometary organics has made a quantum leap forward clue to the recent availability of samples collected from Comet P81/Wild 2 and returned to the Earth by the Stardust mission. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Sandford, SA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-720-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 420 BP 113 EP 120 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL38 UT WOS:000281244800014 ER PT B AU Trainer, MG Mckay, CP Tolbert, MA Toon, OB AF Trainer, M. G. Mckay, C. P. Tolbert, M. A. Toon, O. B. BE Meech, KJ Keane, JV Mumma, MJ Siefert, JL Werthimer, DJ TI CO2 Clathrates on Mars and the CH4 Question: A Laboratory Investigation SO BIOASTRONOMY 2007: MOLECULES, MICROBES, AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bioastronomy CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL San Juan, PR ID METHANE; ATMOSPHERE AB Recent detection of methane (CH4) on Mars has generated interest in evaluating the source of this trace species and its role in the current atmosphere. While the photochemistry of CH4 is well understood, little is known about the heterogeneous (gas-surface) reactions that may take place on Mars. Understanding the complete processing of CH4 will help determine whether this trace species may be an indicator of past or present life. The existence of currently unknown sources or sinks of CH4 may help explain the variability observed in CH4 concentration, despite its long photochemical lifetime. It has been suggested that the Martian polar deposits may contain carbon dioxide (CO2) clathrate hydrates. These clathrates may store large amounts of CO2, and may also trap CH4 molecules from the atmosphere. We have begun a series of laboratory studies to explore the possibility that CO2 clathrates may serve as a sink for CH4 gas on Mars. Here we report the first results on the formation and characteristics of CO2 clathrates at low temperatures and the ability of these structures to serve as a sink for CH4 on Mars. C1 [Trainer, M. G.; Toon, O. B.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, UCB 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trainer, M. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mckay, C. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Tolbert, M. A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Toon, O. B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Trainer, MG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, UCB 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Trainer, Melissa/E-1477-2012 FU NASA [NNH05ZDAS001N]; Center for Astrobiology at University of Colorado FX This research is funded by NASA Mars Fundamental Research Program Award NNH05ZDAS001N. M.G.T. was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the the Center for Astrobiology at the University of Colorado, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. Travel Support was received from the NASA Astrobiology Institute and the National Science Foundation through the conference organizers. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-720-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 420 BP 123 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL38 UT WOS:000281244800015 ER PT B AU Fernandez-Remolar, DC Prieto-Ballesteros, O Amils, R Gomez, F Friedlander, L Arvidson, R Morris, RV Gomez, D AF Fernandez-Remolar, D. C. Prieto-Ballesteros, O. Amils, R. Gomez, F. Friedlander, L. Arvidson, R. Morris, R. V. Gomez, D. BE Meech, KJ Keane, JV Mumma, MJ Siefert, JL Werthimer, DJ TI Production of Phyllosilicates and Sulfates on Mars Through Acidic Weathering: The Rio Tinto Mars Analog Model SO BIOASTRONOMY 2007: MOLECULES, MICROBES, AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bioastronomy CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL San Juan, PR ID ATMOSPHERE; MINERALOGY; CLIMATE; ROCKS; BASIN; LIFE AB Understanding the paleoclimate of Mars and the nature and extent of the interaction of water with crustal materials is essential to evaluate if life emerged once on Mars. Using recent results obtained by orbiters and surface rovers we propose that mildly acidic aqueous conditions produced phyllosilicate minerals during the Noachian period on Mars related to a CO2 -rich atmosphere and an active hydrosphere. Underground neutralization of these mild acidic meteoric solutions with crustal materials would produce subsurface carbonates inside the crust after. Moreover, hydrothermalism provides mineralization to favor subsurface sulfide orebodies, but also secondary geochemical processes would also favor its formation. After cessation of the internal magnetic dynamo, the CO2 -rich atmosphere was eroded and decreased by interactions with the solar wind and the hydrologic cycle that induced a climatic change to dry conditions where hydrological processes had subsurface dominance. Under this thin atmospheric aridic conditions photochemistry played an essential role in generating oxidizing and acidifying compounds that after entering the Mars crust promoted carbonate dissolution and sulfide oxidation. As a consequence, acid-sulfate evaporite deposits were precipitated in areas where acidic subsurface solutions emerged. Analogous processes have been observed in the underground fluids that feed the Rio Tinto Mars analog. Seasonal subsurface of sulfur continued by a rapid oxidation induced by rainwaters, which induces a strong acidification through proton releasing (FeS2 + 3 center dot O-2 + 2 H2O -> 2. SO42- Fe2+ + 4 H+). This stage is followed by a neutralization and reduction of the ferric and sulfate rich acidified waters, which favors the subsurface carbonate precipitation. In addition, phyllosillicate sedimentation under the strong acidic conditions of Rio Tinto, supports preservation of same minerals under early Noachian mildly acidic conditions. C1 [Fernandez-Remolar, D. C.; Prieto-Ballesteros, O.; Amils, R.; Gomez, F.] CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, Ctra Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejon de Ardoz 28850, Spain. [Friedlander, L.; Arvidson, R.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Morris, R. V.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Gomez, D.] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, ESCET, E-28933 Mostloles, Spain. RP Fernandez-Remolar, DC (reprint author), CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, Ctra Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejon de Ardoz 28850, Spain. EM fernandez@inta.es RI Gomez, Felipe/L-7315-2014 OI Gomez, Felipe/0000-0001-9977-7060 FU Ministry of Science and Education of Spain [ESP2006-09487] FX We thank to Prof Juan Prez-Mercader for the continuous support to our research. This paper was supported by the Project ESP2006-09487 funded by the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-720-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 420 BP 129 EP + PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL38 UT WOS:000281244800016 ER PT B AU Hudson, RL Lewis, AS Moore, MH Dworkin, JP Martin, MP AF Hudson, R. L. Lewis, A. S. Moore, M. H. Dworkin, J. P. Martin, M. P. BE Meech, KJ Keane, JV Mumma, MJ Siefert, JL Werthimer, DJ TI Enigmatic Isovaline: Investigating the Stability, Racemization, and Formation of a Non-Biological Meteoritic Amino Acid SO BIOASTRONOMY 2007: MOLECULES, MICROBES, AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bioastronomy CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL San Juan, PR ID RADIATION; CHEMISTRY AB Among the Murchison meteoritic amino acids, isovaline stands out as being both non-biological (non-protein) and having a relatively high abundance. While approximately equal amounts of D- and L-isovaline have been reported in Murchison and other CM meteorites, the molecule's structure appears to prohibit its racemization in aqueous solutions. We recently have investigated the low-temperature solid-phase chemistry of both isovaline and valine with an eye toward each molecule's formation, stability, and possible interconversions of D and L enantiomers. Ion-irradiated isovaline- and valine-containing ices were examined by IR spectroscopy and highly-sensitive liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectral methods to assess both amino acid destruction and racemization. Samples were studied in the presence and in the absence of water-ice, and the destruction of both isovaline and valine was measured as a function of radiation dose. In addition, we have undertaken experiments to synthesize isovaline, valine, and their amino acid isomers by solid-phase radiation-chemical pathways other than the oft-invoked Strecker process. C1 [Hudson, R. L.; Lewis, A. S.] Eckerd Coll, Dept Chem, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA. [Hudson, R. L.; Moore, M. H.; Dworkin, J. P.; Martin, M. P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hudson, RL (reprint author), Eckerd Coll, Dept Chem, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA. RI Hudson, Reggie/E-2335-2012; Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012 OI Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997 FU Goddard Center for Astrobiology through NASA Astrobiology Institute FX This work was supported by a grant to the Goddard Center for Astrobiology through the NASA Astrobiology Institute. Experiments were performed in the Cosmic Ice Laboratory (RLH, MHM, AL) and the Astrobiology Analytical Laboratory (JPD, MPM) at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Danny Glavin of NASA Goddard is thanked for experimental work and many helpful discussions. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-720-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 420 BP 157 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL38 UT WOS:000281244800019 ER PT B AU Pohorille, A Wilson, MA Wei, C AF Pohorille, A. Wilson, M. A. Wei, C. BE Meech, KJ Keane, JV Mumma, MJ Siefert, JL Werthimer, DJ TI The Earliest Ion Channels SO BIOASTRONOMY 2007: MOLECULES, MICROBES, AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bioastronomy CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL San Juan, PR ID POTASSIUM CHANNELS; SELECTIVITY; MEMBRANE; ANTIAMEBIN; CONDUCTION; TRANSPORT; PEPTAIBOL; BINDING; PROTEIN; ORIGIN AB Supplying protocells with ions required assistance from channels spanning their membrane walls. The earliest channels were most likely short proteins that formed transmembrane helical bundles surrounding a water-filled pore. These simple aggregates were capable of transporting ions with efficiencies comparable to those of complex, contemporary ion channels. Channels with wide pores exhibited little ion selectivity but also imposed only modest constraints on amino acid sequences of channel-forming proteins. Channels with small pores could have been selective but also might have required a more precisely defined sequence of amino acids. In contrast to modern channels, their protocellular ancestors had only limited capabilities to regulate ion flux. It is postulated that subsequent evolution of ion channels progressed primarily to acquire precise regulation, and not high efficiency or selectivity. It is further proposed that channels and the surrounding membranes co-evolved. C1 [Pohorille, A.; Wilson, M. A.; Wei, C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Pohorille, A (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-720-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 420 BP 197 EP 202 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL38 UT WOS:000281244800025 ER PT B AU Goldblatt, C Watson, AJ Lenton, TM AF Goldblatt, C. Watson, A. J. Lenton, T. M. BE Meech, KJ Keane, JV Mumma, MJ Siefert, JL Werthimer, DJ TI Bistability of Atmospheric Oxygen and the Great Oxidation: Implications for Life Detection SO BIOASTRONOMY 2007: MOLECULES, MICROBES, AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bioastronomy CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL San Juan, PR ID ARCHEAN ATMOSPHERE; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; MOLECULAR FOSSILS; HABITABLE PLANETS; SULFUR ISOTOPES; EVOLUTION; EARTH; RISE; METHANE; GREENHOUSE AB Earth's atmospheric evolution was punctuated by a rapid and nonlinear transition in, oxygen inventory 2.4 - 2.3 billion years ago, from < 2 x 10(-6) atm to > 10(-3) atm, known as the Great Oxidation. The cause of the Great Oxidation has been a major problem in understanding the evolution of the Earth system. In particular, oxygenic photosynthesis is thought to have evolved by 2.7 billion years ago, at least 300 million years before the Great Oxidation. We have shown that the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis gave rise to two simultaneously stable steady states for atmospheric oxygen. The existence of a low oxygen steady state explains how a reducing atmosphere persisted long after the onset of oxygenic photosynthesis. The Great Oxidation can be understood as a switch to the high oxygen steady state. The bistability arises because ultraviolet shielding of the troposphere by ozone becomes effective once oxygen exceeds 2 x 10(-6) atm, causing a nonlinear increase in the lifetime of atmospheric oxygen. Identification of oxygen or ozone in an extrasolar planetary atmosphere has been proposed as an indicator of life, but the existence of a low oxygen stable steady state introduces an important false negative case of planets with stable low (undetectable) oxygen but thriving oxygenic photosynthesis. An oxygen rich atmosphere, detectable remotely and capable of supporting complex life, is likely to occur only on planets of similar size to Earth; too small and bulk atmospheric loss occurs, too large and energetic limitation of hydrogen escape prevents atmospheric oxidation. C1 [Goldblatt, C.] NASA, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Goldblatt, C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Goldblatt, C (reprint author), NASA, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM colin.goldblatt@nasa.gov FU NASA Astrobiology Institute through the conference organisers; Roberts Funds from the Faculty of Science at the University of East Anglia FX C.G. received travel support from the NASA Astrobiology Institute through the conference organisers and from Roberts Funds from the Faculty of Science at the University of East Anglia. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-720-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 420 BP 277 EP + PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL38 UT WOS:000281244800038 ER PT B AU Dick, SJ AF Dick, S. J. BE Meech, KJ Keane, JV Mumma, MJ Siefert, JL Werthimer, DJ TI Cultural Evolution and SETI SO BIOASTRONOMY 2007: MOLECULES, MICROBES, AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bioastronomy CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL San Juan, PR ID CIVILIZATIONS; COSMOLOGY AB The Drake Equation for the number of radio communicative technological civilizations in the Galaxy encompasses three components of cosmic evolution: astronomical, biological and cultural. Of these three, cultural evolution totally dominates in terms of the rapidity of its effects. Yet, SETI scientists do not take cultural evolution into account, perhaps for understandable reasons, since cultural evolution is not well-understood even on Earth and is unpredictable in its outcome. But the one certainty for technical civilizations billions, millions, or even thousands of years older than ours is that they will have undergone cultural evolution. Cultural evolution potentially takes place in many directions, but this paper argues that its central driving force is the maintenance, improvement and perpetuation of knowledge and intelligence, and that to the extent intelligence can be improved, it will be improved. Applying this principle to life in the universe, extraterrestrials will have sought the best way to improve their intelligence. One possibility is that they may have long ago advanced beyond flesh-and-blood to artificial intelligence, constituting a postbiological universe. Although this subject has been broached, it has not been given the attention it is due from its foundation in cultural evolution. Nor has the idea of a postbiological universe been carried to its logical conclusion, including a careful analysis of the implications for SETI. SETI scientists, social scientists, and experts in AT should consider the strengths and weaknesses of this new paradigm. C1 NASA HQ, Washington, DC USA. RP Dick, SJ (reprint author), NASA HQ, Washington, DC USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-720-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 420 BP 409 EP 414 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL38 UT WOS:000281244800057 ER PT B AU de la Rubia, LA Butler, J Gary, T Stockman, S Mumma, M Pfiffner, S Davis, K Edmonds, J AF de la Rubia, L. Arino Butler, J. Gary, T. Stockman, S. Mumma, M. Pfiffner, S. Davis, K. Edmonds, J. BE Meech, KJ Keane, JV Mumma, MJ Siefert, JL Werthimer, DJ TI Development, Evaluation, and Dissemination of an Astrobiology Curriculum for Secondary Students: Establishing a Successful Model for Increasing the Use of Scientific Data by Underrepresented Students. SO BIOASTRONOMY 2007: MOLECULES, MICROBES, AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bioastronomy CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL San Juan, PR ID EDUCATION; SCIENCE AB The Minority Institution Astrobiology Collaborative began working with the NASA Goddard Center for Astrobiology in 2003 to develop curriculum materials for high school chemistry and Earth science classes based on astrobiology concepts. The Astrobiology in Secondary Classrooms modules are being developed to emphasize interdisciplinary connections in astronomy, biology, chemistry, geoscience, physics, mathematics, and ethics through hands-on activities that address national educational standards. Since this time, more NASA Astrobiology Institute Teams have joined this education and public outreach (EPO)effort. Field-testing of the Astrobiology in Secondary Classrooms materials began in 2007 in five US locations, each with populations that are underrepresented in the career fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. C1 [de la Rubia, L. Arino; Butler, J.; Gary, T.] Tennessee State Univ, Inst Understanding Biol Syst, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd,RASP Bldg, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Stockman, S.] Sci Syst & Appl Inc, Goddard Ctr Astro Biol, EPO, Durham, England. [Gary, T.] Tennessee State Univ, Inst Understanding Biol Syst, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Mumma, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Extraterrestrial Phys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Davis, K.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Secure Environ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Edmonds, J.] Univ Washington, Carnegie Inst Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP de la Rubia, LA (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Inst Understanding Biol Syst, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd,RASP Bldg, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. RI mumma, michael/I-2764-2013 FU NASA Astrobiology Institute Education and Public Outreach; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Tennessee Space Grant Consortium; National Science Foundation's Diversity in Geoscience Education; CREST FX Funding has been provided by the Goddard Center for Astrobiology NAI Team, The Indiana-Princeton-Tennessee Astrobiology Initiative, the NASA Astrobiology Institute Minority Institution Research Support (NAI-MIRS) Program, NASA Astrobiology Institute Education and Public Outreach, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Tennessee Space Grant Consortium, the National Science Foundations Diversity in Geoscience Education Program, and the CREST Program. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-720-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 420 BP 471 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL38 UT WOS:000281244800068 ER PT J AU Thomas, E Muirhead, D AF Thomas, Evan Muirhead, Dean TI Impact of wastewater fouling on contact angle SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE wastewater fouling; microgravity fluids management; advancing contact angle; wetting; urine ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS BIOFILMS; SURFACES; URINE; RISK AB Capillary dependent systems are highly influenced by surface fouling and may degrade as material surface properties change. In anticipation of a spacecraft microgravity fluids management system exposed to highly variable wetting conditions, the impact of urine wastewater fouling on capillary contact angle was examined. The results indicate that, in general, surface fouling can decrease the contact angle when crystalline structures or biofilms form. Small crystalline growth on the order of 10 mu m can lower advancing contact angles theta(adv) by approximately 30 degrees, while biofilm growth can lower it by approximately 15 degrees. Vacuum drying of fouled surfaces increased theta(adv) by about 8 degrees, and defects greater in height than 5% of the capillary length increased theta(adv) by approximately 30 degrees. These trends may indicate that promotion of wastewater fouling may improve the performance of capillary dependent fluids management systems. These results may also influence terrestrial technologies, including medical catheters and sustainable wastewater treatment systems exposed to wastewater fouling. C1 [Thomas, Evan; Muirhead, Dean] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Thomas, E (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mailcode EC3,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM evan.a.thomas@nasa.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2009 VL 25 IS 5 BP 445 EP 454 DI 10.1080/08927010902875105 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 436LJ UT WOS:000265415300007 PM 19340653 ER PT J AU van der Werf, GR Morton, DC DeFries, RS Giglio, L Randerson, JT Collatz, GJ Kasibhatla, PS AF van der Werf, G. R. Morton, D. C. DeFries, R. S. Giglio, L. Randerson, J. T. Collatz, G. J. Kasibhatla, P. S. TI Estimates of fire emissions from an active deforestation region in the southern Amazon based on satellite data and biogeochemical modelling SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BRAZILIAN AMAZON; NUTRIENT POOLS; TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LAND-USE; CARBON; BIOMASS; FOREST; VARIABILITY; MODIS AB Tropical deforestation contributes to the build-up of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Within the deforestation process, fire is frequently used to eliminate biomass in preparation for agricultural use. Quantifying these deforestation-induced fire emissions represents a challenge, and current estimates are only available at coarse spatial resolution with large uncertainty. Here we developed a biogeochemical model using remote sensing observations of plant productivity, fire activity, and deforestation rates to estimate emissions for the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso during 2001-2005. Our model of DEforestation CArbon Fluxes (DECAF) runs at 250-m spatial resolution with a monthly time step to capture spatial and temporal heterogeneity in fire dynamics in our study area within the "arc of deforestation", the southern and eastern fringe of the Amazon tropical forest where agricultural expansion is most concentrated. Fire emissions estimates from our modelling framework were on average 90 Tg C year(-1), mostly stemming from fires associated with deforestation (74%) with smaller contributions from fires from conversions of Cerrado or pastures to cropland (19%) and pasture fires (7%). In terms of carbon dynamics, about 80% of the aboveground living biomass and litter was combusted when forests were converted to pasture, and 89% when converted to cropland because of the highly mechanized nature of the deforestation process in Mato Grosso. The trajectory of land use change from forest to other land uses often takes more than one year, and part of the biomass that was not burned in the dry season following deforestation burned in consecutive years. This led to a partial decoupling of annual deforestation rates and fire emissions, and lowered interannual variability in fire emissions. Interannual variability in the region was somewhat dampened as well because annual emissions from fires following deforestation and from maintenance fires did not covary, although the effect was small due to the minor contribution of maintenance fires. Our results demonstrate how the DECAF model can be used to model deforestation fire emissions at relatively high spatial and temporal resolutions. Detailed model output is suitable for policy applications concerned with annual emissions estimates distributed among post-clearing land uses and science applications in combination with atmospheric emissions modelling to provide constrained global deforestation fire emissions estimates. DECAF currently estimates emissions from fire; future efforts can incorporate other aspects of net carbon emissions from deforestation including soil respiration and regrowth. C1 [van der Werf, G. R.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Morton, D. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [DeFries, R. S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY USA. [Giglio, L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Randerson, J. T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Collatz, G. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kasibhatla, P. S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP van der Werf, GR (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM guido.van.der.werf@falw.vu.nl RI Kasibhatla, Prasad/A-2574-2010; collatz, george/D-5381-2012; Morton, Douglas/D-5044-2012; van der Werf, Guido/M-8260-2016; OI van der Werf, Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630; Kasibhatla, Prasad/0000-0003-3562-3737 FU NASA [NNG05GD20G, NNG04GK49G, NNG04GD89G]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research FX The research was supported by NASA grants NNG05GD20G, NNG04GK49G, and NNG04GD89G. GRvdW was supported by a Veni grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. NR 47 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 46 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 BP 235 EP 249 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 414BP UT WOS:000263839200009 ER PT J AU Behrenfeld, MJ Westberry, TK Boss, ES O'Malley, RT Siegel, DA Wiggert, JD Franz, BA McClain, CR Feldman, GC Doney, SC Moore, JK Dall'Olmo, G Milligan, AJ Lima, I Mahowald, N AF Behrenfeld, M. J. Westberry, T. K. Boss, E. S. O'Malley, R. T. Siegel, D. A. Wiggert, J. D. Franz, B. A. McClain, C. R. Feldman, G. C. Doney, S. C. Moore, J. K. Dall'Olmo, G. Milligan, A. J. Lima, I. Mahowald, N. TI Satellite-detected fluorescence reveals global physiology of ocean phytoplankton SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Review ID CHLOROPHYLL-A FLUORESCENCE; SOLAR-STIMULATED FLUORESCENCE; MESOSCALE IRON ENRICHMENT; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; QUANTUM YIELD; NATURAL FLUORESCENCE; COASTAL WATERS; NUTRIENT STRESS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; DUNALIELLA-TERTIOLECTA AB Phytoplankton photosynthesis links global ocean biology and climate-driven fluctuations in the physical environment. These interactions are largely expressed through changes in phytoplankton physiology, but physiological status has proven extremely challenging to characterize globally. Phytoplankton fluorescence does provide a rich source of physiological information long exploited in laboratory and field studies, and is now observed from space. Here we evaluate the physiological underpinnings of global variations in satellite-based phytoplankton chlorophyll fluorescence. The three dominant factors influencing fluorescence distributions are chlorophyll concentration, pigment packaging effects on light absorption, and light-dependent energy-quenching processes. After accounting for these three factors, resultant global distributions of quenching-corrected fluorescence quantum yields reveal a striking consistency with anticipated patterns of iron availability. High fluorescence quantum yields are typically found in low iron waters, while low quantum yields dominate regions where other environmental factors are most limiting to phytoplankton growth. Specific properties of photosynthetic membranes are discussed that provide a mechanistic view linking iron stress to satellite-detected fluorescence. Our results present satellite-based fluorescence as a valuable tool for evaluating nutrient stress predictions in ocean ecosystem models and give the first synoptic observational evidence that iron plays an important role in seasonal phytoplankton dynamics of the Indian Ocean. Satellite fluorescence may also provide a path for monitoring climate-phytoplankton physiology interactions and improving descriptions of phytoplankton light use efficiencies in ocean productivity models. C1 [Behrenfeld, M. J.; Westberry, T. K.; O'Malley, R. T.; Dall'Olmo, G.; Milligan, A. J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Boss, E. S.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Siegel, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Siegel, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Wiggert, J. D.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Franz, B. A.; McClain, C. R.; Feldman, G. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Doney, S. C.; Lima, I.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Moore, J. K.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Mahowald, N.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Behrenfeld, MJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Cordley Hall 2082, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mjb@science.oregonstate.edu RI Boss, Emmanuel/C-5765-2009; Franz, Bryan/D-6284-2012; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Siegel, David/C-5587-2008; Westberry, Toby/A-9871-2013; Mahowald, Natalie/D-8388-2013; Lima, Ivan/A-6823-2016 OI Boss, Emmanuel/0000-0002-8334-9595; Franz, Bryan/0000-0003-0293-2082; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Mahowald, Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X; Lima, Ivan/0000-0001-5345-0652 FU NASA; NSF FX We wish to thank J. Ru Morrison, two anonymous reviewers, and J. Cullen for helpful comments on our manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program and the NSF Biological Oceanography Program. NR 102 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 4 U2 46 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2009 VL 6 IS 5 BP 779 EP 794 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 452QM UT WOS:000266556300004 ER PT J AU Potter, C Klooster, S Huete, A Genovese, V Bustamante, M Ferreira, LG de Oliveira, RC Zepp, R AF Potter, C. Klooster, S. Huete, A. Genovese, V. Bustamante, M. Ferreira, L. Guimaraes de Oliveira, R. C., Jr. Zepp, R. TI Terrestrial carbon sinks in the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado region predicted from MODIS satellite data and ecosystem modeling SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GLOBAL SATELLITE; NORTH-AMERICA; FLUXES; CLIMATE; EXCHANGE; DEFORESTATION; PRODUCTIVITY AB A simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used to estimate monthly carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado regions over the period 2000-2004. Net ecosystem production (NEP) flux for atmospheric CO2 in the region for these years was estimated. Consistently high carbon sink fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems on a yearly basis were found in the western portions of the states of Acre and Rondonia and the northern portions of the state of Para. These areas were not significantly impacted by the 2002-2003 El Nino event in terms of net annual carbon gains. Areas of the region that show periodically high carbon source fluxes from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere on yearly basis were found throughout the state of Maranhno and the southern portions of the state of Amazonas. As demonstrated though tower site comparisons, NEP modeled with monthly MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) inputs closely resembles the measured seasonal carbon fluxes at the LBA Tapajos tower site. Modeling results suggest that the capacity for use of MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data to predict seasonal uptake rates of CO2 in Amazon forests and Cerrado woodlands is strong. C1 [Potter, C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Klooster, S.; Genovese, V.] Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA USA. [Huete, A.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Bustamante, M.] Univ Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Ferreira, L. Guimaraes] Univ Fed Goias, Goiania, Go, Brazil. [de Oliveira, R. C., Jr.] EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Zepp, R.] US EPA, Athens, GA USA. RP Potter, C (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM chris.potter@nasa.gov RI Ferreira, Laerte/H-4046-2014; Huete, Alfredo/C-1294-2008; Bustamante, Mercedes/H-7597-2015 OI Huete, Alfredo/0000-0003-2809-2376; Bustamante, Mercedes/0000-0003-1008-452X FU NASA LBA-ECO FX This work was supported by grants from NASA LBA-ECO program and the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Interdisciplinary Science program. We thank Steven Wofsy and Lucy Hutyra for advice on the use of carbon flux measurement data. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2009 VL 6 IS 6 BP 937 EP 945 PG 9 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 464XN UT WOS:000267543100001 ER PT J AU Potter, C Klooster, S Genovese, V AF Potter, C. Klooster, S. Genovese, V. TI Carbon emissions from deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon Region SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LEAF-AREA INDEX; LAND-USE; TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; NUTRIENT POOLS; FOREST BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEM AB A simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation greenness from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used to estimate monthly carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado regions over the period 2000-2002. The NASA-CASA (Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach) model estimates of annual forest production were used for the first time as the basis to generate a prediction for the standing pool of carbon in above-ground biomass (AGB; gC m(-2)) for forested areas of the Brazilian Amazon region. Plot-level measurements of the residence time of carbon in wood in Amazon forest from Malhi et al. (2006) were interpolated by inverse distance weighting algorithms and used with CASA to generate a new regional map of AGB. Data from the Brazilian PRODES (Estimativa do Desflorestamento da Amazonia) project were used to map deforested areas. Results show that net primary production (NPP) sinks for carbon varied between 4.25 Pg C yr(-1) (1 Pg=10(15) g) and 4.34 Pg C for the region and were highest across the eastern and northern Amazon areas, whereas deforestation sources of CO(2) flux from decomposition of residual woody debris were higher and less seasonal in the central Amazon than in the eastern and southern areas. Increased woody debris from past deforestation events was predicted to alter the net ecosystem carbon balance of the Amazon region to generate annual CO(2) source fluxes at least two times higher than previously predicted by CASA modeling studies. Variations in climate, land cover, and forest burning were predicted to release carbon at rates of 0.5 to 1 PgC yr(-1) from the Brazilian Amazon. When direct deforestation emissions of CO(2) from forest burning of between 0.2 and 0.6 Pg C yr(-1) in the Legal Amazon are overlooked in regional budgets, the year-to-year variations in this net biome flux may appear to be large, whereas our model results implies net biome fluxes had actually been relatively consistent from year to year during the period 2000-2002. This is the first study to use MODIS data to model all carbon pools (wood, leaf, root) dynamically in simulations of Amazon forest deforestation from clearing and burning of all kinds. C1 [Potter, C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Klooster, S.; Genovese, V.] Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA USA. RP Potter, C (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM chris.potter@nasa.gov NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2009 VL 6 IS 11 BP 2369 EP 2381 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 525QU UT WOS:000272232200003 ER PT S AU Running, SW Nemani, RR Townshend, JRG Baldocchi, DD AF Running, Steven W. Nemani, Ramakrishna R. Townshend, John R. G. Baldocchi, Dennis D. BE McPherson, BJ Sundquist, ET TI Next-Generation Terrestrial Carbon Monitoring SO CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND ITS ROLE IN THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SATELLITE DATA; VEGETATION INDEX; LEAF-AREA; DATA SET; ECOSYSTEM-ATMOSPHERE; CANOPY REFLECTANCE AB The first glimpse for humanity of global carbon monitoring was the invaluable record of atmospheric carbon dioxide measurements on the summit of Mauna Loa, initiated in 1958 by Charles David Keeling. Terrestrial carbon monitoring at the global scale only became possible with the advent of earth observation satellites in the early 1980s. Current science now allows an integration of satellite data, ground stations, and field observations integrated by mechanistic carbon cycle models. However this observational potential has not been realized by current systems, and international investments and coordination are needed. Future policy decisions on mitigating climate change, monitoring carbon credits, and developing biofuels will put a high demand on accurate monitoring and understanding of the global carbon cycle. C1 [Running, Steven W.] Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp NTSG, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Townshend, John R. G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nemani, Ramakrishna R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Baldocchi, Dennis D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Running, SW (reprint author), Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp NTSG, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM swr@ntsg.umt.edu NR 98 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-448-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2009 VL 183 BP 49 EP 69 DI 10.1029/2006GM000526 D2 10.1029/GM183 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOG53 UT WOS:000276577500005 ER PT S AU Potter, C Fladeland, M Klooster, S Genovese, V Hiatt, S Gross, P AF Potter, Christopher Fladeland, Matthew Klooster, Steven Genovese, Vanessa Hiatt, Seth Gross, Peggy BE McPherson, BJ Sundquist, ET TI Satellite Data Analysis and Ecosystem Modeling for Carbon Sequestration Assessments in the Western United States SO CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND ITS ROLE IN THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE MODEL; CYCLE AB The active management of long-term carbon pools in terrestrial vegetation and soils is an important tool for mitigating the rise in atmospheric CO, concentrations. This paper demonstrates the use of remote sensing, climate records, and a vegetation-soil model National Aeronautics and Space Administration Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach to estimate the past and future carbon balance in vegetation and soils. Using the western United States (WUS) as a case study, we describe spatially detailed (<10-km resolution) terrestrial carbon budgets for ecosystems of the Rocky Mountain and Pacific regions of the country. Net primary production increased on a western region-wide basis during the 1990s to 0.9 +/- 0.1 Pg C/year, but the total terrestrial sink in all western U.S. ecosystems did not exceed 0.01 Pg C/year between 1982 and 1997. Over the entire period of 1982-1997, the total estimated net ecosystem production (NEP) flux from WUS ecosystems was 1.3 Pg C lost to the atmosphere (1 Pg = 1 billion metric tons). Forested mountain areas of the Cascades, the Sierra Nevada Range, the northern California Coast Range, and the southern Rockies were estimated as the only consistent ecosystem carbon sinks up to 1997. Most of the remaining vegetated (nondesert) lands of the western states were estimated to lose between 50 and 350 g C m(-2) as net ecosystem fluxes were summed over the period 1982-1997. Future climate scenario tests imply major ecosystem carbon losses in the west will continue in all but the most isolated forest areas of the mountain regions. Carbon pools in surface soils and woody litter pools in all WUS ecosystems are estimated currently at 12 Pg C. These baseline carbon pools are likely to become more susceptible to loss under climate model predictions for the western states over the next 50-100 years. C1 [Potter, Christopher; Fladeland, Matthew] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Klooster, Steven; Genovese, Vanessa; Gross, Peggy] Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. [Hiatt, Seth] San Jose State Univ & Educ Associates, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Potter, C (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-448-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2009 VL 183 BP 89 EP 99 DI 10.1029/2006GM000434 D2 10.1029/GM183 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOG53 UT WOS:000276577500007 ER PT J AU Guenette, S Hill, RL AF Guenette, Sylvie Hill, Ronald L. TI A trophic model of the coral reef ecosystem of La Parguera, Puerto Rico: synthesizing fisheries and ecological data SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carribean; ecosystem model; Ecopath with Ecosim; fisheries impact; predator-prey AB La Parguera, Puerto Rico, a well-studied Caribbean reef system, is showing signs of overfishing and thus, is a good candidate to evaluate fishery policy scenarios using ecosystem modeling. The first steps taken to build a plausible ecosystem model of the La Parguera reef system using Ecopath with Ecosim software included synthesizing fisheries and ecological data then balancing and analyzing trophic relationships for the year 2000. The model is centered around species of commercial and ecological importance in the ecosystem, grouped by habitat preferences. Model construction identified gaps in available data (e.g., diet compositions, metrics of fishing effort, incomplete landings) and balancing raised interesting ecological questions. Some groups, such as parrotfish are so underutilized as prey that the accuracy of biomass estimates and our understanding of predator-prey relationships are questioned. Apparent shortcomings in estimates of primary production relative to consumer biomass generated questions of whether estimates are inaccurate or whether the system is highly subsidized by importation from outside ecosystem boundaries. Although details are not directly comparable because of different structures, a similar Carribean model built for the 1970-1980s estimated total biomass 5.6 times higher than the present model. Changes of this magnitude, if found to be accurate, point out the need for further study of the roles fishing and environmental change have played in reshaping this system over the last 30-40 years. This modeling effort defined future data needs, generated hypotheses for further coral reef research, and provided a starting point towards evaluation of fishery management scenarios in an ecosystem context. C1 [Guenette, Sylvie] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Hill, Ronald L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Guenette, S (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM s.guenette@fisheries.ubc.ca; ron.hill@noaa.gov FU NOAA; NOAACRES through UPRM FX The authors thank L. Kaufman, C. Wabnitz, W. Cheung, R. Appeldoorn and M. Nemeth for their contributions in the data gathering and the elaboration of the structure of the model. We are grateful to all data sources mentioned; they are essential to the project. Financial support from NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and NOAACRES, through UPRM, is appreciated. We also thank two anonymous referees for their insightful comments that improved the manuscript appreciably. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2009 VL 45 IS 2-3 BP 317 EP 337 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V15YI UT WOS:000207836900016 ER PT S AU Patrick, WS Saunders, R AF Patrick, Wesley S. Saunders, Rory BE Haro, A Smith, KL Rulifson, RA Moffitt, CM Klauda, RJ Dadswell, MJ Cunjak, RA Cooper, JE Beal, KL Avery, TS TI Evaluating Small Barrier Removal and Passage Improvement Scenarios to Enhance Diadromous Fish Restoration in the Penobscot Basin, Maine SO CHALLENGES FOR DIADROMOUS FISHES IN A DYNAMIC GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Halifax, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, NE Div C1 [Patrick, Wesley S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Reg Off, Protected Resources Div, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. RP Patrick, WS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sustainable Fisheries, 1315 EW Highway,SSMC3-F SF3, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM wesley.patrick@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-08-0 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 69 BP 915 EP 917 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Neurosciences SC Fisheries; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BLN75 UT WOS:000270598800075 ER PT S AU Kazanas, D AF Kazanas, D. BE Contopoulos, G Patsis, PA TI The Chaotic Light Curves of Accreting Black Holes SO CHAOS IN ASTRONOMY, CONFERENCE 2007 SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chaos in Astronomy CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Athens, GREECE ID FOURIER-RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; COMPACT SOURCES; X-RAYS; POWER SPECTRA; TIME LAGS; VARIABILITY; CYGNUS-X-1; RADIATION; COHERENCE AB We present a brief overview of the temporal and spectral properties of the light curves of accreting black holes. Particular attention is paid on their apparently chaotic character which, as argued, are in fact stochastic. A brief review of the processes that; can provide variability power spectral densities similar to those observed is also presented. Considering that the process of spectrum formation is the Comptonization of soft photons by hot electrons, we focus on the analysis of the cross spectra between different photon energies and their corresponding lags. We argue that the observed lag dependence on the Fourier frequency can be easiest accounted for if the process of Comptonization takes place in inhomogeneous plasma clouds that extend over several decades in radius. It is argued that the lag dependence on the Fourier frequency is a direct manifestation of the density profile of the Comptonizing corona and that the majority of data sets argue for density profiles consistent with ADIOS rather than ADAF type of flows. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kazanas, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Code 663, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Demos.Kazanas@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1570-6591 BN 978-3-540-75825-9 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2009 BP 375 EP 385 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIV80 UT WOS:000263222000039 ER PT S AU Kazanas, D AF Kazanas, D. BE Contopoulos, G Patsis, PA TI Cosmological Inflation: A Personal Perspective SO CHAOS IN ASTRONOMY, CONFERENCE 2007 SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chaos in Astronomy CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Athens, GREECE ID NUMBER DOMAIN-STRUCTURE; CONFORMAL WEYL GRAVITY; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; BARYON-NUMBER; GAUGE-THEORIES; UNIVERSE; HORIZON; VACUUM AB We present a brief review of Cosmological Inflation from the personal perspective of the author who almost, 30 years ago proposed a way of resolving the problem of Cosmological Horizon by employing certain notions and developments from the field of High Energy Physics. Along with a brief introduction of the Horizon and Flatness problems of standard cosmology, this lecture concentrates oil personal reminiscing of the notions and ideas that prevailed and influenced the author's thinking at the time. The lecture then touches upon some more recent developments related to the subject and concludes with some personal views concerning the direction that the cosmology field has taken in the past couple of decades and certain speculations some notions that may indicate future directions of research. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kazanas, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Code 663, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Demos.Kazanas@nasa.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1570-6591 BN 978-3-540-75825-9 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2009 BP 485 EP 496 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIV80 UT WOS:000263222000049 ER PT J AU Russell, MJ Hall, AJ AF Russell, Michael J. Hall, Allan J. BE Zaikowski, L Friedrich, JM Seidel, SR TI The Hydrothermal Source of Energy and Materials at the Origin of Life SO CHEMICAL EVOLUTION II: FROM THE ORIGINS OF LIFE TO MODERN SOCIETY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chemical Evolution II held at the 235th ACS National Meeting CY APR 07-08, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; IRON SULFIDE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PREBIOTIC FORMATION; ORGANIC-ACIDS; ACETIC-ACID; EARLY EARTH; VENT FIELD; SYSTEMS; BIOCHEMISTRY AB The case is presented that chemosynthetic life emerged at the growing exterior of a submarine hydrothermal mound generated where effluent from an alkaline hydrothermal convection cell interfaced a mildly acidic ocean across a precipitated membrane over 4 billion years ago. At first a small portion of the carbonic ocean water entrained in the submarine convection cell feeding the mound was reduced at very slow rates to acetate and methane. Deposits of porous iron-nickel sulfides, freshly precipitated in the mound, further catalyzed these reactions. At the same time, amino acids and peptides, generated in this milieu from hydrothermal hydrogen, ammonia and carbon dioxide, were retained in the mound's pores. These peptides then sequestered the iron-nickel sulfide clusters to produce protoenzymes that further 'quickened' the acetate and methane reactions. RNAs generated in the system then took over a catalytic and coding role to help drive the emergence of the first microbes the acetogens and the methanogens, which evolved into the first bacteria and archaea respectively. C1 [Russell, Michael J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Russell, MJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2009 VL 1025 BP 45 EP 62 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BQE87 UT WOS:000280805500003 ER PT B AU Vasquez, A Ewert, M Rowlands, J Post, K AF Vasquez, A. Ewert, M. Rowlands, J. Post, K. BE Laudon, M Laird, DL Romanowicz, B TI Johnson Space Center's Solar and Wind-based Renewable Energy System SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGY 2009: BIOENERGY, RENEWABLES, STORAGE, GRID, WASTE AND SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Clean Technology Conference and Expo 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Houston, TX SP Adv Energy Consortium, Amer Coalit Clean Coal Elect, Appl Mat, Clean Technol & Sustainable Industries Org, Continental Airlines, Foley & Lardner LLP, Hitachi, Jackson Walker LLP, Lockheed Martin, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, NanoSPRINT, Opportun Houston, Smartcool Syst, TechConnect, Russian Corp Nanotechnologies, Winstead PC DE renewable-energy; solar; photovoltaic; wind-turbine; space-exploration power AB The NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas has a Sustainability Partnership team that seeks ways for earth-based sustainability practices to also benefit space exploration research. A renewable energy gathering system was installed in 2007 at the JSC Child Care Center (CCC) which also offers a potential test bed for space exploration power generation and remote monitoring and control concepts. The system comprises: 1) several different types of photovoltaic panels (29 kW), 2) two wind-turbines (3.6 kW total), and 3) one roof-mounted solar thermal water heater and tank. A tie to the JSC local electrical grid was provided to accommodate excess power. The total first year electrical energy production was 53 megawatt-hours. A web-based real-time metering system collects and reports system performance and weather data. Improvements in areas of the CCC that were detected during subsequent energy analyses and some concepts for future efforts are also presented. C1 [Vasquez, A.; Ewert, M.; Rowlands, J.; Post, K.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Vasquez, A (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM Arturo.Vasquez-1@nasa.gov; Michael.K.Ewert@nasa.gov; Jerald.T.Rowlands@nasa.gov; Kevin.E.Post@nasa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1787-2 PY 2009 BP 36 EP 39 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BMN34 UT WOS:000272950500010 ER PT J AU LeGrande, AN Schmidt, GA AF LeGrande, A. N. Schmidt, G. A. TI Sources of Holocene variability of oxygen isotopes in paleoclimate archives SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; ASIAN MONSOON; DEUTERIUM EXCESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CORE RECORDS; CAVE RECORDS; GISS MODELE; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; CIRCULATION AB Variability in water isotopes has been captured in numerous archives and used to infer past climate changes. Here we examine water isotope variability over the course of the Holocene using the water-isotope enabled, coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model, GISS ModelE-R. Eight Holocene time slices, similar to 1000 years apart are simulated and driven by estimated changes in orbital configuration, greenhouse gases, and ice sheet extent. We find that simulated water isotope archives match well with those seen in ice cores, ocean sediment cores, and speleothems. The climate changes associated with the water isotope changes, however, are more complex than simple modern spatial slope interpretations might suggest. In particular, water isotope variability in Asian speleothems is linked to alterations in landward water vapor transport, not local precipitation, and ice sheet changes over North America lead to the masking of temperature signals in Summit, Greenland. Salinity-seawater isotope variability is complicated by inter-ocean basin exchanges of water vapor. Water isotopes do reflect variability in the hydrology, but are better interpreted in terms of regional hydrological cycle changes rather than as indicators of local climate. C1 [LeGrande, A. N.] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP LeGrande, AN (reprint author), Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM legrande@giss.nasa.gov RI Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012; LeGrande, Allegra/D-8920-2012 OI Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486; LeGrande, Allegra/0000-0002-5295-0062 FU NASA GISS for institutional; NSF [ATM 07-53868] FX We would like to thank NASA GISS for institutional support. ANL was supported by NSF ATM 07-53868. NR 60 TC 123 Z9 128 U1 2 U2 35 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2009 VL 5 IS 3 BP 441 EP 455 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 500RK UT WOS:000270321900011 ER PT J AU Lynn, BH Healy, R Druyan, LM AF Lynn, Barry H. Healy, Richard Druyan, Leonard M. TI Investigation of Hurricane Katrina characteristics for future, warmer climates SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Hurricanes; Weather Research Forecasting regional model; WRF ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CHANGE SCENARIOS; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATIONS; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTION; RESOLUTION; INTENSITY AB Simulations of Hurricane Katrina using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model on a 9 kin grid over the Gulf of Mexico and the Southeast United States are analyzed. Global Forecast System (GFS) analyses provided the initial fields and lateral boundary conditions (LBC) 4 times per day to drive a control simulation during the period 27 to 30 August 2005. The control captured many of the observed characteristics of Katrina. A new approach, mean signal nesting, was devised to make climate change projections of the storm for each decade in the 21st century. Mean climate change signals were extracted from A2 scenario projections of the future climate by an atmosphere-ocean global climate model (AOGCM). These signals were combined with the GFS data used in the control to create the initial fields and LBC for WRF climate change simulations. This innovative method allows the LBC to retain realistic sub-daily variability present in GFS data, but still include the climate change signal. Hurricane simulations representing the earlier decades tracked east of the 2005 trajectory, and west of that track for 4 of the 5 later decades. Sensitivity experiments suggest that anticipated atmospheric warming versus expected positive sea surface temperature trends have opposing influences on developing storms. Warming trends during the 21st century are associated with ever-increasing vertical thermal stability, inhibiting initial hurricane intensification and limiting their diameters. Eye wall wind speeds in excess of 60 in s(-1) at the time of landfall could be sustained for a somewhat longer duration in storms toward the end of the 21st century. C1 [Healy, Richard; Druyan, Leonard M.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Healy, Richard; Druyan, Leonard M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Lynn, Barry H.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Earth Sci, Efrat, Israel. [Lynn, Barry H.] Weather It Is Ltd, Efrat, Israel. RP Druyan, LM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM ldruyan@giss.nasa.gov RI Healy, Richard/J-9214-2015 OI Healy, Richard/0000-0002-5098-8921 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Climate Variability and Climate Change Programs; National Science Foundation [ATM-0652518]; NASA [NNX07A193G]; The Ring Family Foundation FX This research was partially supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Climate Variability and Climate Change Programs, L.M.D. was partially supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0652518 and NASA Grant NNX07A193G. The authors acknowledge the preliminary analysis of results made by R. Levine. The Ring Family Foundation supports computing facilities at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where simulations were run. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2009 VL 39 IS 1 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.3354/cr00801 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 480QA UT WOS:000268750100007 ER PT S AU Baumann, D Cooray, A Dodelson, S Dunkley, J Fraisse, AA Jackson, MG Kogut, A Krauss, LM Smith, KM Zaldarriaga, M AF Baumann, Daniel Cooray, Asantha Dodelson, Scott Dunkley, Joanna Fraisse, Aurelien A. Jackson, Mark G. Kogut, Al Krauss, Lawrence M. Smith, Kendrick M. Zaldarriaga, Matias BE Dodelson, S Baumann, D Cooray, A Dunkley, J Fraisse, A Jackson, MG Kogut, A Krauss, L Smith, K Zaldarriaga, M TI A Mission to Map our Origins SO CMB POLARIZATION WORKSHOP: THEORY AND FOREGROUNDS: CMBPOL MISSION CONCEPT STUDY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CMB Polarization Workshop CY JUN 23-26, 2008 CL Batavia, IL SP NASA AB Quantum mechanical metric fluctuations during an early inflationary phase of the universe leave a characteristic imprint in the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The amplitude of this signal depends on the energy scale at which inflation occurred. Detailed observations by a dedicated satellite mission (CMBPol) therefore provide information about energy scales as high as 10(15) GeV, twelve orders of magnitude greater than the highest energies accessible to particle accelerators, and probe the earliest moments in the history of the universe. This summary provides an overview of a set of studies exploring the scientific payoff of CMBPol in diverse areas of modern cosmology, such as the physics of inflation [11, gravitational lensing [2] and cosmic reionization [3], as well as foreground science [4) and removal [5]. C1 [Baumann, Daniel; Zaldarriaga, Matias] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Baumann, Daniel; Zaldarriaga, Matias] Harvard Univ, Cent Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Baumann, Daniel; Dunkley, Joanna] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Cooray, Asantha] Univ Calif Irvine, Cent Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Dodelson, Scott; Jackson, Mark G.] Fermilab Batavia, Cent Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Dodelson, Scott] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dodelson, Scott] Kavli Inst Cosmolog Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dunkley, Joanna] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Fraisse, Aurelien A.] Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Jackson, Mark G.] Theory Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Jackson, Mark G.] Lorentz Inst Theoret Phys, Leiden, Netherlands. [Kogut, Al] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Krauss, Lawrence M.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Smith, Kendrick M.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Baumann, D (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dbaumann@princeton.edu; acooray@uci.edu; dodelson@fnal.gov; jdunkley@princeton.edu; fraisse@astro.princeton.edu; markj@fnal.gov; alan.j.kogut@nasa.gov; krauss@cwru.edu; kmsmith@ast.cam.ac.uk; mzaldarriaga@cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA Mission Concept Study award [NNX08AT71G S01] FX This research was partly funded by NASA Mission Concept Study award NNX08AT71G S01. We also acknowledge the organizational work of the Primordial Polarization Program Definition Team. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0678-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1141 BP 3 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BLS44 UT WOS:000270939500001 ER PT S AU Dunkley, J Amblard, A Baccigalupi, C Betoule, M Chuss, D Cooray, A Delabrouille, J Dickinson, C Dobler, G Dotson, J Eriksen, HK Finkbeiner, D Fixsen, D Fosalba, P Fraisse, A Hirata, C Kogut, A Kristiansen, J Lawrence, C Magalhaes, AM Miville-Deschenes, MA Meyer, S Miller, A Naess, SK Page, L Peiris, HV Phillips, N Pierpaoli, E Rocha, G Vaillancourt, JE Verde, L AF Dunkley, J. Amblard, A. Baccigalupi, C. Betoule, M. Chuss, D. Cooray, A. Delabrouille, J. Dickinson, C. Dobler, G. Dotson, J. Eriksen, H. K. Finkbeiner, D. Fixsen, D. Fosalba, P. Fraisse, A. Hirata, C. Kogut, A. Kristiansen, J. Lawrence, C. Magalhaes, A. M. Miville-Deschenes, M. A. Meyer, S. Miller, A. Naess, S. K. Page, L. Peiris, H. V. Phillips, N. Pierpaoli, E. Rocha, G. Vaillancourt, J. E. Verde, L. BE Dodelson, S Baumann, D Cooray, A Dunkley, J Fraisse, A Jackson, MG Kogut, A Krauss, L Smith, K Zaldarriaga, M TI Prospects for polarized foreground removal SO CMB POLARIZATION WORKSHOP: THEORY AND FOREGROUNDS: CMBPOL MISSION CONCEPT STUDY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CMB Polarization Workshop CY JUN 23-26, 2008 CL Batavia, IL SP NASA ID MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM EMISSION; COSMIC BACKGROUND IMAGER; MAGNETIC-FIELD STRUCTURE; HIGH GALACTIC LATITUDES; SPINNING DUST GRAINS; WMAP OBSERVATIONS; RADIATIVE TORQUES AB In this report we discuss the impact of polarized foregrounds on a future CMBPol satellite mission. We review our current knowledge of Galactic polarized emission at microwave frequencies, including synchrotron and thermal dust emission. We use existing data and our understanding of the physical behavior of the sources of foreground emission to generate sky templates, and start to assess how well primordial gravitational wave signals can be separated from foreground contaminants for a CMBPol mission. At the estimated foreground minimum of similar to 100 GHz, the polarized foregrounds are expected to be lower than a primordial polarization signal with tensor-to-scalar ratio r = 0.01, in a small patch (similar to 1%) of the sky known to have low Galactic emission. Over 75% of the sky we expect the foreground amplitude to exceed the primordial signal by about a factor of eight at the foreground minimum and on scales of two degrees. Only on the largest scales does the polarized foreground amplitude exceed the primordial signal by a larger factor of about 20. The prospects for detecting an r = 0.01 signal including degree-scale measurements appear promising, with 5 sigma(r) similar to 0.003 forecast from multiple methods. A mission that observes a range of scales offers better prospects from the foregrounds perspective than one targeting only the lowest few multipoles. We begin to explore how optimizing the composition of frequency channels in the focal plane can maximize our ability to perform component separation, with a range of typically 40 less than or similar to nu less than or similar to 300 GHz preferred for ten channels. Foreground cleaning methods are already in place to tackle a CMBPol mission data set, and further investigation of the optimization and detectability of the primordial signal will be useful for mission design. C1 [Dunkley, J.] Univ Oxford, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Dunkley, J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Dunkley, J.] Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Amblard, A.; Cooray, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Cent Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Baccigalupi, C.] SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Betoule, M.; Delabrouille, J.] CNRS, Observat Paris, UMR 7164, Lab AstroParticule Cosmol, Paris 13, France. [Fixsen, D.; Kogut, A.; Phillips, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dickinson, C.; Rocha, G.] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Cent, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dickinson, C.; Lawrence, C.] NASA Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Dobler, G.; Finkbeiner, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Cent Astrophys, Cambridge 02138, MA USA. [Dotson, J.] NASA Ames Res Cent, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Eriksen, H. K.; Kristiansen, J.; Naess, S. K.] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. [Fosalba, P.] IEEC CSIC, Inst Ciencies lEspai, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Hirata, C.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Magalhaes, A. M.] Universidade Sao Paulo, IAG, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Miville-Deschenes, M. A.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiate, F-91405 Paris, France. [Meyer, S.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Miller, A.] Columbia Univ, Phys Dept, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Peiris, H. V.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Pierpaoli, E.] Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Vaillancourt, J. E.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Verde, L.] IEEC CSIC, ICREA & Inst Space Sci, Barcelona, Spain. RP Dunkley, J (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. EM jdunkley@princeton.edu; amblard@uci.edu; bacci@sissa.it; david.t.chuss@nasa.gov; acooray@uci.edu; cdickins@ipac.caltech.edu; gdobler@cfa.harvard.edu; jessie.dotson@nasa.gov; h.k.k.eriksen@astro.uio.no; dfinkbeiner@cfa.harvard.edu; dale.fixsen@nasa.gov; fosalba@ieec.uab.es; fraisse@astro.princeton.edu; chirata@tapir.caltech.edu; alan.j.kogut@nasa.gov; mario@astro.iag.usp.br; meyer@uchicago.edu; amber@phys.columbia.edu; page@princeton.edu; hiranya@ast.cam.ac.uk; nicholas.g.phillips@nasa.gov; pierpaol@usc.edu; graca@its.caltech.edu; johnv@submm.caltech.edu; lverde@astro.princeton.edu RI Kogut, Alan/D-6293-2012; Chuss, David/D-8281-2012; Magalhaes, Antonio Mario/K-9532-2013; amblard, alexandre/L-7694-2014; Fosalba Vela, Pablo/I-5515-2016; OI amblard, alexandre/0000-0002-2212-5395; Verde, Licia/0000-0003-2601-8770; Pierpaoli, Elena/0000-0002-7957-8993 FU NASA Mission Concept Study award [NNX08AT71G S01]; RCUK; US Planck Project; NASA Science Mission Directorate FX This research was partly funded by NASA Mission Concept Study award NNX08AT71G S01. We thank Scott Dodelson for coordination of the CMBPol Theory and Foregrounds workshop and proceedings, and acknowledge the organizational work of the Primordial Polarization Program Definition Team. We thank David Spergel and Alex Lazarian for useful comments. JD acknowledges support from an RCUK fellowship. GR is supported by the US Planck Project, which is funded by the NASA Science Mission Directorate. We thank the WMAP team for making maps available on LAMBDA, and acknowledge the use of the Planck Sky Model, developed by the Component Separation Working Group (WG2) of the Planck Collaboration. We acknowledge use of the HEALPix, PolSpice, CAMB, and CMBFAST packages. NR 158 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0678-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1141 BP 222 EP + PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BLS44 UT WOS:000270939500005 ER PT S AU Fraisse, AA Brown, JAC Dobler, G Dotson, JL Draine, BT Frisch, PC Haverkorn, M Hirata, CM Jansson, R Lazarian, A Magalhaes, AM Waelkens, A Wolleben, M AF Fraisse, Aurelien A. Brown, Jo-Anne C. Dobler, Gregory Dotson, Jessie L. Draine, Bruce T. Frisch, Priscilla C. Haverkorn, Marijke Hirata, Christopher M. Jansson, Ronnie Lazarian, Alex Magalhaes, Antonio Mario Waelkens, Andre Wolleben, Maik BE Dodelson, S Baumann, D Cooray, A Dunkley, J Fraisse, A Jackson, MG Kogut, A Krauss, L Smith, K Zaldarriaga, M TI Foreground Science Knowledge and Prospects SO CMB POLARIZATION WORKSHOP: THEORY AND FOREGROUNDS: CMBPOL MISSION CONCEPT STUDY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CMB Polarization Workshop CY JUN 23-26, 2008 CL Batavia, IL SP NASA ID GALACTIC MAGNETIC-FIELD; MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE; INTERSTELLAR DUST GRAINS; PULSAR ROTATION MEASURES; SQUARE KILOMETER ARRAY; WARM IONIZED MEDIUM; SPINNING DUST; PLANE SURVEY; RADIATIVE TORQUES; MOLECULAR CLOUDS AB Detecting "B-mode" (i.e., divergence free) polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) would open a new window on the very early Universe. However, the polarized microwave sky is dominated by polarized Galactic dust and synchrotron emissions, which may hinder our ability to test inflationary predictions. In this paper, we report on our knowledge of these "Galactic foregrounds," as well as on how a CMB satellite mission aiming at detecting a primordial B-mode signal ("CMBPol") will contribute to improving it. We review the observational and analysis techniques used to constrain the structure of the Galactic magnetic field, whose presence is responsible for the polarization of Galactic emissions. Although our current understanding of the magnetized interstellar medium is somewhat limited, dramatic improvements in our knowledge of its properties are expected by the time CMBPol flies. Thanks to high resolution and high sensitivity instruments observing the whole sky at frequencies between 30 GHz and 850 GHz, CMBPol will not only improve this picture by observing the synchrotron emission from our galaxy, but also help constrain dust models. Polarized emission from interstellar dust indeed dominates over any other signal in CMBPol's highest frequency channels. Observations at these wavelengths, combined with ground-based studies of starlight polarization, will therefore enable us to improve our understanding of dust properties and of the mechanism(s) responsible for the alignment of dust grains with the Galactic magnetic field. CMBPol will also shed new light on observations that are presently not well understood. Morphological studies of anomalous dust and synchrotron emissions will indeed constrain their natures and properties, while searching for fluctuations in the emission from heliospheric dust will test our understanding of the circumheliospheric interstellar medium. Finally, acquiring more information on the properties of extra-Galactic sources will be necessary in order to maximize the cosmological constraints extracted from CMBPol's observations of CMB lensing. C1 [Fraisse, Aurelien A.; Draine, Bruce T.] Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Brown, Jo-Anne C.] Univ Calgary, Centre Radio Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Dobler, Gregory] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Dotson, Jessie L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Frisch, Priscilla C.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Haverkorn, Marijke] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Haverkorn, Marijke] Univ Calif Berkeley, Astron Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Haverkorn, Marijke] ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Hirata, Christopher M.] Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jansson, Ronnie] NYU, Dept Phys, Cent Cosmol & Particle Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Lazarian, Alex] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Magalhaes, Antonio Mario] Univ Sao Paulo, IAG, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Waelkens, Andre] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Wolleben, Maik] NRC Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Penticton, BC, Canada. RP Fraisse, AA (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM fraisse@astro.princeton.edu; jessie.dotson@nasa.gov; marijke@astro.berkeley.edu; chirata@tapir.caltech.edu; rj486@nyu.edu; mario@astro.iag.usp.br; waelkens@mpa-garching.mpg.de; maik.wolleben@nrc.gc.ca RI Magalhaes, Antonio Mario/K-9532-2013; OI Draine, Bruce/0000-0002-0846-936X FU NASA Mission Concept Study award [NNX08AT71G S01]; NSF [AST-0707932, AST-0507164]; Princeton University; NSF Center for Magnetic Self Organization in Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas; FAPESP; CNPq FX This research was partly funded by NASA Mission Concept Study award NNX08AT71G S01. We also acknowledge the organizational work of the Primordial Polarization Program Definition Team (PPPDT). AAF was supported by NSF grant AST-0707932 and Princeton University. PCF acknowledges support from NASA grant NNX08AJ33G, AL from NSF grant AST-0507164 and the NSF Center for Magnetic Self Organization in Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas, and AMM from FAPESP and CNPq. AAF would like 303 to thank D. P. Finkbeiner and J. E. Vaillancourt for their contributions to the CMBPol Theory Workshop held at Fermilab in June 2008, L. A. Page for stimulating discussions, D. N. Spergel for comments on a draft version of this paper, and R. H. Lupton for making the SM plotting program available to him. AMM is grateful to all members of the IAG Polarimetry Group for their continued support. Typesetting of this document was made easier by the use of NASAs Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services and of the AASTEX package. All the Planck-related numbers and information referred to in this document are from the Planck scientific program (also known as blue book) available online in PDF format at http://www.rssd.esa.int/planck/. NR 188 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0678-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1141 BP 265 EP + PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BLS44 UT WOS:000270939500006 ER PT J AU Holt, B Kanagaratnam, P Gogineni, SP Ramasami, VC Mahoney, A Lytle, V AF Holt, Benjamin Kanagaratnam, Pannirselvam Gogineni, Siva Prasad Ramasami, Vijaya Chandran Mahoney, Andy Lytle, Victoria TI Sea ice thickness measurements by ultrawideband penetrating radar: First results SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sea ice; Sea ice thickness; Penetrating radar; Electromagnetic modeling ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; INTERNAL LAYERS; ARCTIC-OCEAN; SUMMER; SYSTEM; WINTER; RANGE AB This study evaluates the potential of ultrawideband penetrating radar for the measurement of sea ice thickness. Electromagnetic modeling and system simulations were first performed to determine the appropriate radar frequencies needed to simultaneously detect both the top ice surface (snow-ice interface) and to penetrate through the lossy sea ice medium to identify the bottom ice surface (ice-ocean interface). Based on the simulation results, an ultrawideband radar system was built that operated in two modes to capture a broad range of sea ice thickness. The system includes a low-frequency mode that operates from 50250 MHz for measuring sea ice thickness in the range of 1 to 7 m (both first-year and multiyear ice types) and a high-frequency mode that operates from 300-1300 MHz to capture a thinner range of thickness between 0.3 and 1 m (primarily first-year ice type). Two field tests of the radar were conducted in 2003, the first off Barrow, Alaska, in May and the second off East Antarctica in October. Overall the radar measurements showed a mean difference of 14 cm and standard deviation of 30 cm compared with in situ measurements over first-year ice that ranged from 0.5 to 4 m in thickness. Based on these initial results, we conclude that ultrawideband penetrating radar is feasible for first-year sea ice thickness measurements. We discuss approaches for further system improvements and implementation of such a system on an airborne platform capable of providing regional sea ice thickness measurements for both first-year and multiyear ice from 0.3 to 10 m thick. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Holt, Benjamin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kanagaratnam, Pannirselvam] Benaforce Sdn Bhd, Shah Alam 4000, Malaysia. [Gogineni, Siva Prasad; Ramasami, Vijaya Chandran; Lytle, Victoria] Univ Kansas, CReSiS, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Mahoney, Andy] Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Holt, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Ben.Holt@jpl.nasa.gov FU California Institute of Technology President's Fund; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported by the California Institute of Technology President's Fund with additional support provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through a contract with the jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. We thank Hajo Eicken of the University of Alaska Fairbanks for providing the in Situ instrumentation used in the Alaska field test, Saikiran Narnburi and Krishna Gurumoorthy of the University of Kansas for instrument development and field support, Glenn Sheehan and Matthew Irinaga of the Barrow Arctic Research Consortium for logistical support, and Brandon Heavey of the jet Propulsion Laboratory for the helpful comments. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X EI 1872-7441 J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 55 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2008.04.007 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 381VL UT WOS:000261563900005 ER PT B AU Ryan, MA Shevade, AV AF Ryan, Margaret A. Shevade, Abhijit V. BE Potyrailo, RA Mirsky, VM TI Computational Approaches to Design and Evaluation of Chemical Sensing Materials SO COMBINATORIAL METHODS FOR CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSORS SE Integrated Analytical Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SENSOR RESPONSES; ELECTRONIC NOSE; POLYMER; ENERGY AB Materials for use as chemical sensors may be evaluated and selected with computational and experimental approaches. Computational methods have focused on developing fundamental electronic and atomic level descriptions of materials to insight into chemical interactions between targeted analytes and sensing materials. Computational methods also include use of statistical and computational approaches to characterize measured and experimentally observed analyte-sensing material interactions and sensing material responses to the presence of analyte. In the following chapter, we have provided an overview of various approaches that have been used to investigate and select chemical sensing materials. C1 [Ryan, Margaret A.; Shevade, Abhijit V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ryan, MA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Margaret.A.Ryan@jpl.nasa.gov; Abhijit.V.Shevade@jpl.nasa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-73712-6 J9 INTEGR ANAL SYST PY 2009 BP 471 EP 479 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-73713-3_20 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-73713-3 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Remote Sensing GA BKA87 UT WOS:000267619500020 ER PT J AU Wesley, WR Simpson, JR Parker, PA Pignatiello, JR AF Wesley, Wayne R. Simpson, James R. Parker, Peter A. Pignatiello, Joseph R., Jr. TI Analytical Characterization of the Information Matrix for Split-Plot Designs SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE Information matrix; Response surface designs; Restricted randomization; Split-plot designs; Variance ratio ID RESPONSE-SURFACE DESIGNS; EQUIVALENT ESTIMATION AB This article provides the analytical characterization of the inverse of the information matrix for second-order SPD. A particular feature of these explicit expressions is that they are functions of the design parameters enabling the development of analytical functions to efficiently compute exact design optimality criteria. The application of these analytical expressions is demonstrated using the generalized variance of the parameter estimates for second-order SPD. An example illustrating the use of these expressions is also presented. C1 [Wesley, Wayne R.] Univ Technol, Sch Engn, Kingston 6, Jamaica. [Simpson, James R.; Pignatiello, Joseph R., Jr.] Florida State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Parker, Peter A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Syst Engn Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Wesley, WR (reprint author), Univ Technol, Sch Engn, 237 Old Hope Rd, Kingston 6, Jamaica. EM wwesley@utech.edu.jm NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT-THEOR M JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 90 EP 102 DI 10.1080/03610920802162797 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 360JY UT WOS:000260055000007 ER PT J AU Wesley, WR Simpson, JR Parker, PA Pignatiello, JJ AF Wesley, Wayne R. Simpson, James R. Parker, Peter A. Pignatiello, Joseph J., Jr. TI Maximum and Minimum Prediction Variance for Spherical and Cuboidal Split Plot Designs SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE Design optimality; Prediction variance; Restricted randomization; Response surface designs; Split-plot designs ID RESPONSE-SURFACE DESIGNS; EQUIVALENT ESTIMATION AB The impact of restricted randomization on the information matrix has created challenges for the computation of design optimality criteria. This article focuses on the computation of the maximum and minimum prediction variance for Central Composite (CCD) and Box-Behnken (BBD) split plot designs (SPD). The approach is to analytically determine the exact maximum and minimum prediction variance for both spherical and cuboidal second-order SPD. A particular feature of these analytical functions is that they are functions of the design parameters. Finally, the application of these analytical functions is demonstrated for a CCD SPD. C1 [Wesley, Wayne R.] Univ Technol, Sch Engn, Kingston 6, Jamaica. [Simpson, James R.; Pignatiello, Joseph J., Jr.] Florida State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Parker, Peter A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Syst Engn Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Wesley, WR (reprint author), Univ Technol, Sch Engn, 237 Old Hope Rd, Kingston 6, Jamaica. EM wwesley@utech.edu.jm NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT-THEOR M JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 2009 VL 38 IS 13 BP 2251 EP 2266 DI 10.1080/03610920802521232 PG 16 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 485SY UT WOS:000269145800010 ER PT S AU Bell, LD Tripathi, N Grandusky, JR Jindal, V Sandvik, FS AF Bell, L. D. Tripathi, N. Grandusky, J. R. Jindal, V. Sandvik, F. Shahedipour BE ShahedipourSandvik, F Schubert, EF Bell, LD Tilak, V Bett, AW TI A III-Nitride Layered Barrier Structure for Hyperspectral Imaging Applications SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS FOR ENERGY APPLICATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Compound Semiconductors for Energy Applications and Environmental Sustainability CY APR 14-16, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; INTERNAL PHOTOEMISSION; GAN; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION AB We report on a novel photodetector structure based on III-nitride materials A layered configuration is used to create a barrier with voltage tunable height The barrier is used as a filter for photoexcited holes and electrons and could form the basis for a dynamically tunable pixel in a hyperspectral imaging array This would eliminate the need for external gratings and filters used in conventional hyperspectral instruments In addition the tunability of pixels allows a decrease of the array dimension by one The III nitride materials family is a good candidate for this device combining large band offsets with the ability for epitaxial growth We have demonstrated the feasibility of using III nitride materials to fabricate layered tunnel barriers and have demonstrated tunability of photodetection using these structures External quantum efficiencies of > 12% have been achieved with prototype devices C1 [Bell, L. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bell, LD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2009 VL 1167 BP 61 EP 68 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BSL59 UT WOS:000284863400009 ER PT B AU Saunders, RW Saiz-Lopez, A AF Saunders, Russell W. Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso BE Preedy, VR Burrow, GN Watson, RR TI Iodine in the Air: Origin, Transformation, and Exchange to Mammals SO COMPREHENSIVE HANDBOOK OF IODINE: NUTRITIONAL, BIOCHEMICAL, PATHOLOGICAL AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; POTENTIAL INFLUENCE; ATMOSPHERIC IODINE; PARTICLE FORMATION; MOLECULAR-IODINE; OZONE DEPLETION; THYROID-CANCER; CURRENT STATE; ICE NUCLEI; CHEMISTRY AB As part of the biogeochemical cycle, the injection of iodine-containing gases into the atmosphere, and their subsequent chemical transformation therein, play a crucial role in environmental and health aspects associated with iodine - most importantly, in determining the quantity of the element available to the mammalian diet. This chapter focuses on these processes and the variety of gas- and aerosol-phase species that constitute the terrestrial iodine cycle, through discussion of the origin and measurement of atmospheric iodine in its various forms ("Sources and Measurements of Atmospheric Iodine"), the principal photo-chemical pathways in the gas phase ("Photolysis and Gas-Phase Iodine Chemistry"), and the role of aerosol uptake and chemistry and new particle production ("Aerosol Chemistry and Particle Formation"). Potential health and environmental issues related to atmospheric iodine are also reviewed ("Health and Environment Impacts"), along with discussion of the consequences of the release of radioactive iodine (I-131) into the air from nuclear reactor accidents and weapons tests that have occurred over the past half-century or so ("Radioactive Iodine: Atmospheric Sources and Consequences"). C1 [Saunders, Russell W.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Earth & Space Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Saunders, RW (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-092086-3; 978-0-12-374135-6 PY 2009 BP 75 EP 82 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BCR55 UT WOS:000311104900009 ER PT S AU Rossi, RA AF Rossi, Ryan Anthony BE Cai, ZH Li, ZH Kang, Z Liu, Y TI Latent Semantic Analysis of the Languages of Life SO COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS SE Communications in Computer and Information Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Intelligence Computation and Applications CY OCT 23-25, 2009 CL Huangshi, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Univ Geosci, Hubi Normal Univ DE Languages of Life; Motifs; Phylogeny; Minimal Killer Words; Doubly Singular Value Decomposition; Latent Semantic Analysis; Cross Language Information Retrieval; Knowledge Discovery; Data Mining AB We use Latent Semantic Analysis as a basis to study the languages of life. Using this approach we derive techniques to discover latent relationships between organisms such as significant motifs and evolutionary features. Doubly Singular Value Decomposition is defined and the significance of this adaptation is demonstrated by finding a phylogeny of twenty prokaryotes. Minimal Killer Words are used to define families of organisms from negative information. The application of these words makes it possible to automatically retrieve the coding frame of a sequence from any organism. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Rossi, RA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM ryan.a.rossi@jpl.nasa.gov RI Rossi, Ryan/C-7974-2013 OI Rossi, Ryan/0000-0001-9758-0635 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1865-0929 BN 978-3-642-04961-3 J9 COMM COM INF SC PY 2009 VL 51 BP 128 EP 137 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-04962-0_15 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BNE73 UT WOS:000274284700015 ER PT B AU Blanco, M Shevade, AV Ryan, MA AF Blanco, Mario Shevade, Abhijit V. Ryan, Margaret A. BE Ryan, MA Shevade, AV Taylor, CJ Homer, ML Blanco, M Stetter, JR TI Quantum Mechanics and First-Principles Molecular Dynamics Selection of Polymer Sensing Materials SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR SENSOR MATERIAL SELECTION SE Integrated Analytical Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTRONIC NOSE; DENSITY; AIR; SIMULATIONS; CHEMISTRY; SORPTION; SENSORS; MODEL AB We present two first-principles methods, density functional theory (DFT) and a molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulation protocol, as computational means for the selection of polymer sensing materials. The DFT methods can yield binding energies of polymer moieties to. specific vapor bound compounds, quantities that were found useful in materials selection for sensing of organic and inorganic compounds for designing sensors for the electronic nose (ENose) that flew on the International Space Station (ISS) in 2008-2009. Similarly, we present an MD protocol that offers high consistency in the estimation of Hildebrand and Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) for vapor bound compounds and amorphous polymers. HSP are useful for fitting measured polymer sensor responses with physically rooted analytical models: We apply the method to the JPL electronic nose (ENose), an array of sensors with conducting leads connected through thin film polymers loaded with carbon black. Detection relies on a change in electric resistivity of the polymer film as function of the amount of swelling caused by the presence of the analyte chemical compound. The amount of swelling depends upon the chemical composition of the polymer and the analyte molecule. The pattern is unique and it unambiguously identifies the compound. Experimentally determined changes in relative resistivity of fifteen polymer sensor materials upon exposure to ten vapors were modeled with the first-principles HSP model. C1 [Blanco, Mario] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Shevade, Abhijit V.; Ryan, Margaret A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Blanco, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, BI 139-74, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM mario@wag.Caltech.edu; mario@wag.Caltech.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-73714-0 J9 INTEGR ANAL SYST PY 2009 BP 71 EP 92 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-73715-7_3 PG 22 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BLW29 UT WOS:000271213000003 ER PT B AU Shevade, AV Ryan, MA Homer, ML Zhou, HY Manfreda, AM Lara, LM Yen, SPS Jewell, AD Manatt, KS Kisor, AK AF Shevade, Abhijit V. Ryan, Margaret A. Homer, Margie L. Zhou, Hanying Manfreda, Allison M. Lara, Liana M. Yen, Shiao-Pin S. Jewell, April D. Manatt, Kenneth S. Kisor, Adam K. BE Ryan, MA Shevade, AV Taylor, CJ Homer, ML Blanco, M Stetter, JR TI Chemical Sensor Array Response Modeling Using Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships Technique SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR SENSOR MATERIAL SELECTION SE Integrated Analytical Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WAVE VAPOR SENSORS; ELECTRONIC NOSE; ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL; BIOMATERIALS; AIR; DESCRIPTORS; SIMULATIONS; POLYMERS AB We have developed a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) based approach to correlate the response of chemical sensors in an array with molecular descriptors. A novel molecular descriptor set has been developed; this set combines descriptors of sensing film-analyte interactions, representing sensor response, with a basic analyte descriptor set commonly used in QSAR studies. The descriptors are obtained using a combination of molecular modeling tools and empirical and semi-empirical Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships (QSPR) methods. The sensors under investigation are polymer-carbon sensing films which have been exposed to analyte vapors at parts-per-million (ppm) concentrations; response is measured as change in film resistance. Statistically validated QSAR models have been developed using Genetic Function Approximations (GFA) for a sensor array for a given training data set. The applicability of the sensor response models has been tested by using it to predict the sensor activities for test analytes not considered in the training set for the model development. The validated QSAR sensor response models show good predictive ability. The QSAR approach is a promising computational tool for sensing materials evaluation and selection. It can also be used to predict response of an existing sensing film to new target analytes. C1 [Shevade, Abhijit V.; Ryan, Margaret A.; Homer, Margie L.; Zhou, Hanying; Lara, Liana M.; Yen, Shiao-Pin S.; Manatt, Kenneth S.; Kisor, Adam K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Manfreda, Allison M.] Los Angeles Police Dept, Sci Invest Div, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Jewell, April D.] Tufts Univ, Dept Chem, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Shevade, AV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Abhijit.Shevade@jpl.nasa.gov; Abhijit.Shevade@jpl.nasa.gov NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-73714-0 J9 INTEGR ANAL SYST PY 2009 BP 167 EP 192 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-73715-7_8 PG 26 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BLW29 UT WOS:000271213000008 ER PT B AU Homer, ML Zhou, HY Jewell, AD Ryan, MA AF Homer, Margie L. Zhou, Hanying Jewell, April D. Ryan, Margaret A. BE Ryan, MA Shevade, AV Taylor, CJ Homer, ML Blanco, M Stetter, JR TI Statistical Methods for Selecting the Components of a Sensing Array SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR SENSOR MATERIAL SELECTION SE Integrated Analytical Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTRONIC NOSE; AIR; SPACE AB An electronic nose which uses an array of conductometric chemical sensors has been developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory; the JPL Electronic Nose is to be used as an event monitor in human habitat in a spacecraft. This sensor array is designed to identify and quantify 10-15 organic and inorganic species in air. The earlier generation/version JPL electronic noses consisted of 32 polymer-carbon black composite sensors; the target analytes included volatile organics as well as ammonia. This third generation electronic nose has a new suite of target analytes, and so, a new set of sensors was selected. In addition to volatile organic chemicals, the target analytes include the inorganic species: ammonia, sulfur dioxide and elemental mercury. The most recent array tinder development has 32 sensors; additional materials were selected in order to detect inorganic species and polymer-carbon black composite sensors were reevaluated. In the development of such a device, we must select sensors suitable for the detection of targeted analytes, and we must be able to evaluate both the sensors and the array response. This chapter will discuss the statistical tools and experimental criteria used to evaluate and select materials in the sensing array. C1 [Homer, Margie L.; Zhou, Hanying; Ryan, Margaret A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Jewell, April D.] Tufts Univ, Dept Chem, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Homer, ML (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM margie.l.homer@jpl.nasa.gov; margie.l.homer@jpl.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-73714-0 J9 INTEGR ANAL SYST PY 2009 BP 245 EP 264 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-73715-7_11 PG 20 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BLW29 UT WOS:000271213000011 ER PT B AU Ryan, MA Shevade, AV AF Ryan, Margaret A. Shevade, Abhijit V. BE Ryan, MA Shevade, AV Taylor, CJ Homer, ML Blanco, M Stetter, JR TI Future Directions SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR SENSOR MATERIAL SELECTION SE Integrated Analytical Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IMPRINTED POLYMERS; PERFORMANCE AB In this volume, several computational methods which may be used for evaluation and selection of sensing materials have been discussed. These computational methods have ranged from first principles or de novo methods, such as those discussed in Part 1, to semi-empirical and statistical methods as discussed in Parts 2 and 3. Some chapters have focused on designing sensing materials to respond to specific analytes and some on combining sensors to create arrays to detect a suite of chemical species. Nevertheless, challenges in computational evaluation of chemical sensing materials remain. We see two principal challenges. One challenge is in refining the methods discussed to yield accurate prediction of sensor response [1, 2]; methods as presented here may certainly be used to evaluate and rank candidate materials and to determine which materials to test. The question is whether these approaches can be used to discover new materials for sensing applications and whether these approaches will be able to predict the response of known sensing materials to new analytes accurately. The second challenge is in constructing arrays, that is, selecting which combination of materials and sensor types to use in an array. In this emerging field, the question is how to select a suite of sensors for a suite of analytes and how to analyze and understand the information gathered from the array. C1 [Ryan, Margaret A.; Shevade, Abhijit V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ryan, MA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mryan@jpl.nasa.gov; mryan@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-73714-0 J9 INTEGR ANAL SYST PY 2009 BP 301 EP 304 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-73715-7_13 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BLW29 UT WOS:000271213000013 ER PT S AU Brockers, R AF Brockers, Roland BE Jiang, X Petkov, N TI Cooperative Stereo Matching with Color-Based Adaptive Local Support SO COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF IMAGES AND PATTERNS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns CY SEP 02-04, 2009 CL Munster, GERMANY SP Univ Munster, Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, Olympus Soft Imaging Solut GmbH, Philips AB Color processing imposes a new constraint on stereo vision algorithms: The assumption of constant color on object surfaces used to align local correlation windows with object boundaries has improved the accuracy of recent window based stereo algorithms significantly. While several algorithms have been presented that work with adaptive correlation windows defined by color similarity, only a few approaches use color based grouping to optimize initially computed traditional matching scores. This paper introduces the concept of color-dependent adaptive support weights to the definition of local support areas in cooperative stereo methods to improve the accuracy of depth estimation at object borders. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Brockers, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM brockers@jpl.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-03766-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5702 BP 1019 EP 1027 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BMS37 UT WOS:000273458100124 ER PT B AU Vacca, JR AF Vacca, John R. BE Vacca, JR TI Computer and Information Security Handbook Preface SO COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SECURITY HANDBOOK LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Vacca, John R.] NASA, Space Stn Program Freedom, Washington, DC USA. [Vacca, John R.] NASA, Int Space Stn Program, Washington, DC USA. EM jvacca@frognet.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-092194-5 PY 2009 BP XXIII EP XXVI DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374354-1.00047-9 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCQ94 UT WOS:000311048100002 ER PT B AU Vacca, JR AF Vacca, John R. BE Vacca, JR TI Configuring Authentication Service on Microsoft Windows Vista SO COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SECURITY HANDBOOK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Vacca, John R.] NASA, Space Stn Program Freedom, Washington, DC USA. [Vacca, John R.] NASA, Int Space Stn Program, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-092194-5 PY 2009 BP 765 EP 774 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCQ94 UT WOS:000311048100046 ER PT B AU Vacca, JR AF Vacca, John R. BE Vacca, JR TI Security Management and Resiliency SO COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SECURITY HANDBOOK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Vacca, John R.] NASA, Space Stn Program Freedom, Washington, DC USA. [Vacca, John R.] NASA, Int Space Stn Program, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-092194-5 PY 2009 BP 775 EP 776 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374354-1.00051-0 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCQ94 UT WOS:000311048100047 ER PT B AU Basu, S Davidson, I Wagstaff, KL AF Basu, Sugato Davidson, Ian Wagstaff, Kiri L. BE Basu, S Davidson, I Wagstaff, KL TI Constrained Clustering Advances in Algorithms, Theory, and Applications Introduction SO CONSTRAINED CLUSTERING: ADVANCES IN ALGORITHMS, THEORY, AND APPLICATIONS SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Basu, Sugato] Google Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Davidson, Ian] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wagstaff, Kiri L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), Google Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM sugato@google.com; davidson@cs.ucdavis.edu; kiri.wagstaff@jpl.nasa.gov; sugato@google.com; davidson@cs.ucdavis.edu; kiri.wagstaff@jpl.nasa.gov NR 19 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-58488-996-0 J9 CH CRC DATA MIN KNOW PY 2009 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJR38 UT WOS:000267023400001 ER PT S AU Stephens, DC Leggett, SK Marley, MS Saumon, D Cushing, MC Geballe, TR Golimowski, DA Fan, XH Noll, KS AF Stephens, D. C. Leggett, S. K. Marley, Mark S. Saumon, D. Cushing, Michael C. Geballe, T. R. Golimowski, D. A. Fan, Xiaohui Noll, K. S. BE Stempels, E TI The 0.8 to 14.5 mu m Spectral Energy Distributions of Mid-L to Mid-T Dwarfs SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL St Andrews, SCOTLAND SP Royal Astron Soc, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, European Space Agcy, NASA Astrobiol Inst DE stars:low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars:fundamental parameters ID CLASSIFICATION; CLOUDS AB We fit theoretical model atmospheres to the spectral energy distribution of 21 L and T dwarfs recently observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope to identify and isolate four key physical parameters used in the model characterization of their atmospheres. The wide range of wavelengths observed (similar to 0.6 to 14.5 mu m) lets us constrain almost independently the four model parameters used to describe these photospheres: effective temperature (T-eff), grain sedimentation (f(sed)), vertical gas transport efficiency (K-zz), and gravity. We find that the ratio of the mid-infrared to near-infrared flux is a good indicator of T-eff, while the slope in the near-infrared is strongly dependent on f(sed). The CH4 hands found at 2, 3 and h mu m are sensitive to the timescale for vertical mixing. and gravity will influence the flux at 2 mu m. C1 [Stephens, D. C.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N486 ESC, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Leggett, S. K.; Geballe, T. R.] Northen Operat Ctr, Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Marley, Mark S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Saumon, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Cushing, Michael C.] Univ Hawaii, Astron Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Golimowski, D. A.; Noll, K. S.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Fan, Xiaohui] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Stephens, DC (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N486 ESC, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RI Noll, Keith/C-8447-2012; Marley, Mark/I-4704-2013 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0627-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1094 BP 172 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BJC67 UT WOS:000264752500022 ER PT S AU Tanner, A Geunther, EW Martin, E Osorio, MRZ AF Tanner, A. Geunther, E. W. Martin, E. Zapatero Osorio, M. R. BE Stempels, E TI Detecting Planets Around Low Mass Stars: The Gateway to Terrestrial Planets SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL St Andrews, SCOTLAND SP Royal Astron Soc, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, European Space Agcy, NASA Astrobiol Inst DE exoplanets; debris disks ID BROWN DWARFS; SUPER-EARTHS; GLIESE-581; CANDIDATE; SPECTRA; COLORS AB Recently, the Exoplanet Task Force report highlighted the importance of testing the latest and future planet detection methods using M dwarfs since they represent the easy targets. This makes M dwarfs important near-future exoplanet targets. The goal of this session will be to present the latest science results and observational advances in M dwarf planet surveys. Emphasis was placed on the synergy between different search methods including the importance of RV follow-up to transit discoveries and target vetting for future imaging and astrometric studies. The implications of survey results on low-mass stellar multiplicity, the IMF. and planet/star formation was also be reviewed. Here, we reproduce abstracts of the talks and a summary of lessons learned from the session. C1 [Tanner, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Geunther, E. W.] TLS, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. [Martin, E.] UVA, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Zapatero Osorio, M. R.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. RP Tanner, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Zapatero Osorio, Maria Rosa/C-2744-2017 OI Zapatero Osorio, Maria Rosa/0000-0001-5664-2852 FU NASA [NNX09AB39G] FX The ADS is Operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA Grant NNX09AB39G NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0627-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1094 BP 291 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BJC67 UT WOS:000264752500037 ER PT S AU Ardila, DR Johns-Krull, CM AF Ardila, D. R. Johns-Krull, C. M. BE Stempels, E TI A Consistent Model of the Accretion Shock Region in Classical T Tauri Stars SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL St Andrews, SCOTLAND SP Royal Astron Soc, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, European Space Agcy, NASA Astrobiol Inst DE Line: formation; Shock waves; Stars: formation, circumstellar matter ID EMISSION-LINES; SPECTRA AB We develop a consistent model of the accretion shock region in Classical T Tauri Stars (CTTSs). The initial conditions of the post-shock flow are determined by the irradiated shock precursor and the ionization state is calculated without assuming ionization equilibrium. Comparison with observations of the C IV resonance lines (lambda lambda 1550 angstrom) for CTTSs indicate that the post-shock emission predicted by the model is too large, for a reasonable range of parameters. If the model is to reproduce the observations, C IV emission from CTTSs has to be dominated by pre-shock emission, for stars with moderate to large accretion rates. For stars with low accretion rates, the observations suggest a comparable contribution between the pre- and post-shock regions. These conclusions are consistent with previous results indicating that the post-shock will be buried under the stellar photosphere for moderate to large accretion rates. C1 [Ardila, D. R.] NASA, Herschel Sci Ctr, IPAC Caltech, MS 100-22,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Johns-Krull, C. M.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MS 108, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Ardila, DR (reprint author), NASA, Herschel Sci Ctr, IPAC Caltech, MS 100-22,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ardila@ipac.caltech.edu; cmj@rice.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0627-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1094 BP 309 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BJC67 UT WOS:000264752500039 ER PT S AU Matt, SP Pudritz, RE AF Matt, Sean P. Pudritz, Ralph E. BE Stempels, E TI New Calculations of Stellar Wind Torques SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL St Andrews, SCOTLAND SP Royal Astron Soc, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, European Space Agcy, NASA Astrobiol Inst DE MHD; stars: magnetic fields; stars: rotation; stars: winds, outflows ID STARS AB Using numerical simulations of magnetized stellar winds, we carry out a parameter study to find the dependence of the stellar wind torque on observable parameters. We find that the power-law dependencies of the torque on parameters is significantly different than what has been used in all spin evolution models to date. C1 [Matt, Sean P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Matt, Sean P.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Pudritz, Ralph E.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Matt, SP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. OI Matt, Sean/0000-0001-9590-2274 FU University of Virginia through a Levinson/VITA Fellowship; Frank Levinson Family Foundation through Peninsuly Community Foundation; NSERC FX The workshop organizers deserve credit for an excellent conference. The work of SPM was supported by the University of Virginia through a Levinson/VITA Fellowship partially funded by the Frank Levinson Family Foundation through the Peninsuly Community Foundation. REP is supported by a grant from NSERC. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0627-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1094 BP 369 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BJC67 UT WOS:000264752500054 ER PT S AU Kowalski, AF Wisniewski, JP Clampin, M Grady, CA Sitko, ML Bjorkman, KS Fukagawa, M Hines, DC Katoh, E Whitney, BA AF Kowalski, Adam F. Wisniewski, John P. Clampin, Mark Grady, Carol A. Sitko, Michael L. Bjorkman, Karen S. Fukagawa, Misato Hines, Dean C. Katoh, Eri Whitney, Barbara A. BE Stempels, E TI Diagnosing the Structure of the HD 163296 Protoplanetary Disk via Coronagraphic Imaging Polarimetry SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL St Andrews, SCOTLAND SP Royal Astron Soc, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, European Space Agcy, NASA Astrobiol Inst DE Protoplanetary Disks; Polarimetry; Coronagraphy; Stars: HD 163296 ID HD-163296; EMISSION; DUST AB We report our initial analysis of the H-band polarized and total intensity of the nearby Herbig Ae star HD 163296, and characterize the morphology of the scattered light disk in the context of previous optical HST coronagraphic imagery. Our observations were obtained as part of a multi-epoch campaign designed to diagnose and correlate the behavior of the inner and outer regions of select protoplanetary disks. This campaign will help test recent suggestions (Sitko et al. 2008; Wisniewski et al. 2008) that the HD 163296 disk experiences the novel phenomenon of time-variable self-shadowing, whereby occasional changes in the scale height of the inner disk wall induce changes in the illumination of the outer disk. C1 [Kowalski, Adam F.; Wisniewski, John P.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wisniewski, John P.] NSF Astron & Astrophys Postdoctral Fellow, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Clampin, Mark; Grady, Carol A.] NASA, GSFC, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Grady, Carol A.] Eureka Sci, Oakland, CA 94602 USA. [Sitko, Michael L.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Sitko, Michael L.; Hines, Dean C.; Whitney, Barbara A.] Space Sci Inst, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. [Bjorkman, Karen S.] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Fukagawa, Misato] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Katoh, Eri] Osaka Univ, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. RP Kowalski, AF (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Clampin, mark/D-2738-2012 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0627-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1094 BP 393 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BJC67 UT WOS:000264752500060 ER PT S AU Collins, KA Grady, CA Hamaguchi, K Wisniewski, JP Brittain, S Sitko, M Carpenter, WJ Williams, JP Mathews, GS Williger, GM van Boekel, R Carmona, A van den Ancker, ME Meeus, G Chen, XP Petre, R Woodgate, BE Henning, T AF Collins, K. A. Grady, C. A. Hamaguchi, K. Wisniewski, J. P. Brittain, S. Sitko, M. Carpenter, W. J. Williams, J. P. Mathews, G. S. Williger, G. M. van Boekel, R. Carmona, A. van den Ancker, M. E. Meeus, G. Chen, X. P. Petre, R. Woodgate, B. E. Henning, Th. BE Stempels, E TI HD 100453: An Evolutionary Link Between Protoplanetary Disks and Debris Disks SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL St Andrews, SCOTLAND SP Royal Astron Soc, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, European Space Agcy, NASA Astrobiol Inst DE stars: protoplanetary disks; stars: transitional disks; stars: accretion; stars:individual: HD 100453 ID HERBIG-AE STAR; MASS STARS; ENVIRONMENT; HD-100453 AB We present a multi-wavelength examination of the disk and environment of the near-ZAMS Herbig Ae star HD 100453A. Chandra ACIS-S imagery shows that the Herbig Ae star has L-x/L-bol and a pulse height spectrum similar to beta Pic Moving Group early F stars, suggesting a similar magnetic field configuration and X-ray production in winds. The disk lacks the conspicuous Fe It emission and continuum seen in FUV spectra of actively secreting Herbig Ae stars, and FUSE, HST ACS FUV, and FEROS data suggest a 3 sigma upper limit on accretion rate of 4.0x 10(-10) M circle dot yr(-1). Weak, variable Ha and Br gamma emission suggest low levels of intermittent accretion or contamination by stellar activity. We confirm that HD 100453B is a common proper motion companion to HD 100453A, with a spectral type of M4.0V - M4.5V, and derive an age of 14 +/- 4 Myr It is likely the companion has truncated the circumprimary disk radius at less than similar to 50 AU, and we estimate the dust mass to be similar to 0.1 M-J. A sensitive upper limit to the CO J = 3-2 intensity indicates that the gas in the outer disk is likely optically thin. Assuming a [CO]/[H-2] abundance of 1 x 10(-4) and a depletion factor of 103, we find that the mass of cold molecular gas is less than similar to 0.33 M-J and that the gas-to-dust ratio is no more than similar to 4:1 in the outer disk. C1 [Collins, K. A.; Williger, G. M.] Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Collins, K. A.] Kentucky Space Grant Consotium Fellow, Lexington, KY USA. [Grady, C. A.] Eureka Sci & GSFC, Oakland, CA USA. [Hamaguchi, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CREST & Xray Astron Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hamaguchi, K.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wisniewski, J. P.; Petre, R.; Woodgate, B. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wisniewski, J. P.] NPP Fellow, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brittain, S.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Sitko, M.] Univ Cincinnati, SSI, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Carpenter, W. J.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Williams, J. P.; Mathews, G. S.] Univ Hawaii, Astron Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [van Boekel, R.; Carmona, A.; Chen, X. P.; Henning, Th.] Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, Germany. [Carmona, A.] Observ Geneva, ISDC, Geneva, Switzerland. [Carmona, A.; van den Ancker, M. E.] European So Observ, Garching, Germany. [Meeus, G.] Astrophysikalisches Inst Postdam, Potsdam, Germany. RP Collins, KA (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RI Woodgate, Bruce/D-2970-2012; Brittain, Sean/K-9001-2012 OI Brittain, Sean/0000-0001-5638-1330 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0627-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1094 BP 409 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BJC67 UT WOS:000264752500064 ER PT S AU Berriman, GB Ali, B Baker, R von Braun, K Chiu, NM Ciardi, DR Good, J Kane, SR Kong, M Laity, AC McElroy, DL Monkewitz, S Payne, AN Ramirez, S Schmitz, M Stauffer, JS Wyatt, PL AF Berriman, G. B. Ali, B. Baker, R. von Braun, K. Chiu, N-M. Ciardi, D. R. Good, J. Kane, S. R. Kong, M. Laity, A. C. McElroy, D. L. Monkewitz, S. Payne, A. N. Ramirez, S. Schmitz, M. Stauffer, J. S. Wyatt, P. L. BE Stempels, E TI The NASA/IPAC/NExScI Star And Exoplanet Database SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL St Andrews, SCOTLAND SP Royal Astron Soc, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, European Space Agcy, NASA Astrobiol Inst DE astronomical data bases; catalogs; surveys; time; stars: variables; planetary systems; exoplanets ID GLOBULAR-CLUSTER NGC-3201; VARIABLE-STARS; PLANETARY OCCULTATIONS; FIELD; TELESCOPE; NGC-2301; SEARCH AB The NASA/IPAC/NExScI Star and Exoplanet Database (NStED) is a general purpose stellar archive which supports NASA planet-finding and planet-characterization goals, stellar astrophysics and the planning of NASA and other space missions. There are two principal components of NStED: a database of 140,000 nearby stars and exoplanet-hosting stars, and an archive dedicated to high precision photometric surveys for transiting exoplanets (NStED-ETSS). We present summaries of these components. The NStED stellar database currently serves published parameters for 140,000 stars. These parameters include coordinates, multiplicity, proper motion, parallax, spectral type, multiband photometry, radial velocity, metallicity, chromospheric and coronal activity index, rotation velocity/period, infrared excess. NStED-ETSS currently serves data from the TrES survey of the Kepler field as well as dedicated photometric surveys of four stellar clusters. NStED-ETSS aims to serve both the surveys and the broader astronomical community by archiving these data and making them available in a homogeneous format. C1 [Berriman, G. B.; von Braun, K.; Ciardi, D. R.; Kane, S. R.; Kong, M.; Payne, A. N.; Ramirez, S.; Wyatt, P. L.] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Berriman, GB (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Schmitz, Marion/0000-0002-2055-7549; Ciardi, David/0000-0002-5741-3047 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0627-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1094 BP 421 EP 424 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BJC67 UT WOS:000264752500067 ER PT S AU Hernan-Obispo, M Galvez, MC Anglada-Escude, G Kane, SR de Castro, E Cornide, M AF Hernan-Obispo, M. Galvez, M. C. Anglada-Escude, G. Kane, S. R. de Castro, E. Cornide, M. BE Stempels, E TI BD+20 1790 b: Chronicle of an exoplanetary discovery SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL St Andrews, SCOTLAND SP Royal Astron Soc, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, European Space Agcy, NASA Astrobiol Inst DE stars: activity; stars: late-type; stars: individual (BD+20 1790); stars: planetary systems ID STARS; SPECTRA AB In this contribution we report evidence for a planetary companion around a young and active late-type K star. Our group has been developing a study of stellar activity and kinematics for this star over the past years. Previous results show a high level of stellar activity, with the presence of prominence-like structures, spots on surface and strong flare events: Radial velocity (RV) variations with a semi-amplitude of up to 1 km s(-1) were detected. When the nature of these variations were investigated it was found that they are not due to stellar activity. Based upon the analysis of bisector velocity span, as well as Ca II H & K emission, we report that the best explanation for RV variation is the presence of a sub-stellar companion. The Keplerian fit of the RV data yields an orbital solution for a close-in massive planet with an orbital period of 7.783 days. Also, the presence of this close-in massive planet chould be an interpretation for the high level of stellar activity detected. C1 [Hernan-Obispo, M.; Galvez, M. C.; de Castro, E.; Cornide, M.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Fis, Dpto Astrofis & Ciencias Atmosfera, Avda Complutense S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Galvez, M. C.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Sci & Technol Res Inst, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Anglada-Escude, G.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. [Anglada-Escude, G.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terrest Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Kane, S. R.] NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Hernan-Obispo, M (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Fis, Dpto Astrofis & Ciencias Atmosfera, Avda Complutense S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RI De Castro, Elisa/J-2860-2016 OI De Castro, Elisa/0000-0001-5647-3892 FU Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (MEC) [AYA2005.02750]; Comunidad de Madrid" under PRICIT project [S-0505/ESP-0237] FX This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (MEC) under grant AYA2005.02750, and "The Comunidad de Madrid" under PRICIT project S-0505/ESP-0237 (ASTROCAM). NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0627-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1094 BP 441 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BJC67 UT WOS:000264752500072 ER PT S AU Gelino, DM Gelino, CR Harrison, TE AF Gelino, Dawn M. Gelino, Christopher R. Harrison, Thomas E. BE Stempels, E TI Stellar or Non-Stellar Light? Determining Near-Infrared Contamination in Low Mass X-ray Binaries SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL St Andrews, SCOTLAND SP Royal Astron Soc, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, European Space Agcy, NASA Astrobiol Inst DE (Stars:) binaries (including multiple): close: (Stars:) binaries: symbiotic: (Stars:) novae; cataclysmic variables: Stars: low-mass: Stars: late-type: Infrared: stars: X-rays: binaries AB Low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) systems are comprised of a low-mass, K or M dwarf-like star orbiting as compact object. Stellar black hole masses and their distributions are important inputs for binary evolution anti supernova models. Currently, the main limiting factor in determining accurate black hole masses in LMXBs is the uncertainty of the orbital inclination angle due to an unknown amount of contaminating light in the scar infrared. If present, this light dilutes the ellipsoidal variations of the low-mass secondary star, and thus gives the appearance of a lower orbital inclination system. It has been generally thought that the near infrared ellipsoidal light curves of these systems were relatively uncontaminated and represented primarily the light from the low-mass secondary star: however, recent disk and jet models have thrust this thinking into question. We combine our data from the Spitzer Space Telescope with our ground-based optical and near infrared data for several LMXBs to characterize and derive the amount of light contaminating the near-infrared ellipsoidal variations of the low-mass secondary star. C1 [Gelino, Dawn M.] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, 770 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gelino, Christopher R.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Harrison, Thomas E.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Gelino, DM (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, 770 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0627-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1094 BP 596 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BJC67 UT WOS:000264752500111 ER PT S AU Carpenter, KG Airapetian, V AF Carpenter, Kenneth G. Airapetian, Vladimir BE Stempels, E TI The Atmospheric Dynamics of alpha Tau (K5 III) - Clues to Understanding the Magnetic Dynamo in Late-Type Giant Stars SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL St Andrews, SCOTLAND SP Royal Astron Soc, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, European Space Agcy, NASA Astrobiol Inst DE Stars - atmospheres; Stars - chromospheres; Stars - Winds; Alfven waves; Stars - atmospheric heating ID GAMMA-DRACONIS; SURFACE AB Using HST/GHRS, HST/STIS and FUSE archival data for alpha Tau and the CHIANTI spectroscopic code, we have derived line shifts, volumetric emission measures, and plasma density estimates, and calculated tilling factors for it number of UV lines forming between 10,000 K and 300,000 K in the outer atmosphere of this red giant star. The data suggest the presence of low-temperature extended regions and high-temperature compact regions, associated with magnetically open and closed strictures in the stellar atmosphere. respectively. The signatures of UV lines from a hall can be consistently understood via a model oh upward-traveling Alfven waves in a gravitationally stratified atmosphere These waves cause non-thermal broadening in UV lines tine to unresolved wave motions and downward plasma motions in compact magnetic loops heated by resonant Alfven wave heating. C1 [Carpenter, Kenneth G.; Airapetian, Vladimir] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Carpenter, KG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Carpenter, Kenneth/D-4740-2012 FU NASA through STScI grants for HST GO/AR [9967, 10956]; NASA [9967, 10956] FX This work was supported in part by NASA through STScI grants for HST GO/AR grants 9967 and 10956. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0627-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1094 BP 712 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BJC67 UT WOS:000264752500140 ER PT S AU Barry, RK Demory, BO Segransan, D Forveille, T Danchi, WC Di Folco, E Queloz, D Torres, G Traub, WA Delfosse, X Mayor, M Perrier, C Udry, S AF Barry, R. K. Demory, B. O. Segransan, D. Forveille, T. Danchi, W. C. Di Folco, E. Queloz, D. Torres, G. Traub, W. A. Delfosse, X. Mayor, M. Perrier, C. Udry, S. BE Stempels, E TI Ultra-precise Masses and Magnitudes for the Gliese 268 M-dwarf Binary SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL St Andrews, SCOTLAND SP Royal Astron Soc, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, European Space Agcy, NASA Astrobiol Inst DE Low Mass Stars; Binary Stars; Normal Stars; Luminosity; Mass Function ID EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; ACCURATE MASSES; MAIN-SEQUENCE; STARS; METALLICITY AB Recent advances in astrometry using interferometry and precision radial velocity techniques combined allow for a significant improvement in the precision of masses of M-dwarf stars in visual systems. We report recent astrometric observations of Gliese 268, all M-dwarf binary with a 10.4 day orbital period, with the IOTA interferometer and radial velocity observations with the ELODIE instrument. Combining these measurements leads to preliminary masses of the constituent stars with uncertainties of 0.4%. The masses of the components tire 0.22596 +/- 0.00084M, for the primary and 0.19230 +/- 0.00071M for the secondary. The system parallax is determined by these observations to be 0.1560 +/- .0030 arcsec (2.0% uncertainty) and is within Hipparcos error bars (0.157 +/- .0013). We tested these physical parameters. alone with the near-infrared luminosities of the stars. aganist stellar evolution models for low-mass stars. Discrepancies between the measured and theoretical value; point toward a low-level departure from the predictions. These results are among the most precise masses measured for visual binaries. C1 [Barry, R. K.; Danchi, W. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Barry, RK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0627-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1094 BP 780 EP 783 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BJC67 UT WOS:000264752500157 ER PT S AU Danchi, WC Barry, RK Traub, WA Sokoloski, JL Wisniewski, JP Serabyn, E Kuchner, MJ AF Danchi, W. C. Barry, R. K. Traub, W. A. Sokoloski, J. L. Wisniewski, J. P. Serabyn, E. Kuchner, M. J. BE Stempels, E TI Evidence for a New Dust Creation Paradigm in Recurrent Novae: Milliarcsecond Resolution Mid-Infrared Observations of RS Ophiuchi SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL St Andrews, SCOTLAND SP Royal Astron Soc, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, European Space Agcy, NASA Astrobiol Inst DE Recurrent Novae; Binary Stars; Nulling Interferometry; Dust Formation ID SYMBIOTIC STARS; SYSTEMS AB We report observations of the nova RS Ophiuchi (RS Oph) using the Keek Interferometer Nuller (KIN), approximately 3.8 days following,, the most recent outburst of 2006 February 12. These observations represent the fist scientific results from the KIN, which operates ill N-band front 8 to 12.5 mu m in a nulling mode. In this mode the stellar light itself is suppressed by a destructive fringe, effectively enhancing the contrast of any nearby (constructive fringe) source, which in this case is the circumstellar material located near the star. By fitting the unique KIN data, we have obtained an angular size of the mid-infrared continuum of 6.2 +/- 0.6, 4.0 +/- 0.4, or 5.4 +/- 0.6 mas for disk, gaussian (FWHM). and shell profiles. respectively. The data show evidence of enhanced neutral atomic hydrogen emission and atomic metals including silicon located in the inner spatial regime (< 5 AU) near the white dwarf (WD) relative to the Outer regime. There are also nebular emission lines and evidence of hot silicate dust ill the outer spatial region, centered at about 17 AU from the WD that are not found ill the inner regime. Our evidence suggests that these features have been excited by the nova flash in the outer spatial regime before the blast Ware reached these regions, ill support a model in which the dust appears to be present between outbursts. The present results arc consistent with a unifying model of the system that includes an increase in density in the plane of the orbit of the two stars created by a spiral shock suave caused by the motion of the stars through the cool wind of the reel giant star: C1 [Danchi, W. C.; Barry, R. K.; Wisniewski, J. P.; Kuchner, M. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Danchi, WC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Kuchner, Marc/E-2288-2012 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0627-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1094 BP 856 EP 859 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BJC67 UT WOS:000264752500176 ER PT S AU Wahlgren, GM Carpenter, KG Norris, RP AF Wahlgren, Glenn M. Carpenter, Kenneth G. Norris, Ryan P. BE Stempels, E TI Heavy Elements and Cool Stars SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL St Andrews, SCOTLAND SP Royal Astron Soc, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, European Space Agcy, NASA Astrobiol Inst DE atomic data; stars: abundances; stars: supergiants; stars: individual (alpha Orionis) ID METALLICITY GRADIENT; STELLAR ATMOSPHERES; ALPHA-ORIONIS; SUPERGIANTS; ABUNDANCES; SPECTRA; RATIO AB We report on progress in the analysis oh high-resolution near-IR spectra of alpha Orionis (M2 lab) and other cool, luminous stars. Using synthetic spectrum techniques, we search for atomic absorption lines in the stellar spectra and evaluate the available line parameter data for use in our abundance analyses. Our study concentrates on the post iron-group elements copper through zirconium as a means of investigating the slow neutron-capture process of nucleosynthesis in massive stars and the mechanisms that transport recently processed material up into the photospheric region. We discuss problems with the atomic data and model atmospheres that need to be addressed before theoretically derived elemental abundances from pre-supernova nucleosynthesis calculations can he tested by comparison with abundances determined from observations of cool, massive stars. C1 [Wahlgren, Glenn M.; Carpenter, Kenneth G.; Norris, Ryan P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20071 USA. RP Wahlgren, GM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20071 USA. RI Carpenter, Kenneth/D-4740-2012 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0627-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1094 BP 892 EP 895 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BJC67 UT WOS:000264752500185 ER PT S AU Wisniewski, JP Clampin, M Bjorkman, KS Barry, RK AF Wisniewski, John P. Clampin, Mark Bjorkman, Karen S. Barry, Richard K. BE Stempels, E TI New Circumstellar Dust Creation in V838 Monocerotis SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL St Andrews, SCOTLAND SP Royal Astron Soc, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, European Space Agcy, NASA Astrobiol Inst DE circumstellar matter; stars: (V838 Monocerotis) AB We report high spatial resolution 11.2 mu m and 18.1 mu m imaging of the eruptive variable V838 Monocerotis. obtained with Gemini Observatory's Michelle in 2007 March. The 2007 flux density of the unresolved stellar core is roughly 2 times brighter than that observed in 2004. We interpret these data as evidence that V838 Mon has experienced a new circumstellar dust creation event. We also report a gap of spatially extended thermal emission over radial distances of 1860-93000 AU from the central source, which suggests that no prior significant circumstellar dust production events have occurred within the past similar to 900-1500 years. C1 [Wisniewski, John P.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wisniewski, John P.] NSF, Astron & Astrophy, Arlington, VA USA. [Clampin, Mark; Barry, Richard K.] NASA, GSFC, Washington, DC USA. [Bjorkman, Karen S.] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH USA. RP Wisniewski, JP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Clampin, mark/D-2738-2012 FU Gemini observations [2007A-Q-68]; JPW; NASA; NPP [NNH06CC03B]; NSF Astronomy & Astrophysics Postdoctoral [0802230] FX Our Gemini observations were obtained in program 2007A-Q-68. JPW ackonwledges past support from a NASA NPP Fellowship (NNH06CC03B) and is currently supported by a NSF Astronomy & Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship (0802230). NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0627-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1094 BP 900 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BJC67 UT WOS:000264752500187 ER PT S AU Damiani, F Micela, G Sciortino, S Harnden, FR AF Damiani, F. Micela, G. Sciortino, S. Harnden, F. R., Jr. BE Stempels, E TI The rich low-mass population of the massive cluster NGC 6231: X-ray emission, evolutionary status, and IMF SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL St Andrews, SCOTLAND SP Royal Astron Soc, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, European Space Agcy, NASA Astrobiol Inst DE Stars: pre-main sequence; Open clusters and associations: individual: NGC 6231; X-rays: stars; Stars: coronae ID COUNTING DETECTOR IMAGES; WAVELET TRANSFORMS; PHOTOMETRY; PARAMETERS AB We present a deep Chandra observation of the young, massive cluster NGC 6231 in Sco OBI. We detect more than 1000 point X-ray sources, and we argue that about 90% of them are cluster members, thus enlarging by almost a factor of 3 the known total cluster population. The color-magnitude diagram of almost 1100 optical/NIR counterparts Shows that the X-ray selected sample ranges down to 0.3 solar masses, We find a definite ago Spread (2-10 Myrs) for the low-mass stars. Still lower-mass cluster Stars will be probably found among the many hundreds unidentified X-ray Sources, which are themselves clustered. Mass segregation is found for the most massive stars. The fraction of circumstellar disk-bearing members is found to he low (<4%). which might be due to either spontaneous evolution or photoevaporation under the action of massive stars. A group of objects shows particularly hard X-ray spectra. The dependence of X-ray properties on mass. stellar structure, disk frequency, and cluster evolutionary status agrees with extrapolations drawn on the basis of the Study of younger clusters. We compute the cluster initial mass function over 2.5 orders of magnitudes in mass, and find that it is well modeled by a Salpeter-like power law, over its whole range A previously claimed deficit of low-mass stars is ruled out with high confidence. C1 [Damiani, F.; Micela, G.; Sciortino, S.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Palermo, Palermo, Italy. [Harnden, F. R., Jr.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. RP Damiani, F (reprint author), INAF Osservatorio Astron Palermo, Palermo, Italy. OI Micela, Giuseppina/0000-0002-9900-4751; Damiani, Francesco/0000-0002-7065-3061 FU MIUR; italian PRININAF FX We acknowledge support from the italian MIUR, and also funding by the italian PRININAF 2007. This study has made use of the 2MASS database. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0627-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1094 BP 916 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BJC67 UT WOS:000264752500191 ER PT B AU Calle, LM AF Calle, L. M. BE Benavides, S TI Corrosion control in space launch vehicles SO CORROSION CONTROL IN THE AEROSPACE INDUSTRY SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE corrosion control; space shuttle orbiter; ground support equipment; orbiter corrosion; NASA's Launch Operations Center AB The John F. Kennedy Space Center on the east coast of central Florida in the United States is home to NASA's Launch Operations Center. The natural marine environment at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is one of the most corrosive in the continental United States. Corrosion control at KSC involves the flight hardware, ground support equipment, and facilities. A description is given of the space launch vehicles' environment and the process of materials selection for this environment. The corrosion control necessary for the Space Shuttle Orbiter and its ground support equipment is described. There is also a brief history of orbiter corrosion. C1 NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Calle, LM (reprint author), NASA, Mail Code KT E-3, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM Luz.M.Calle@nasa.gov NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-345-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2009 BP 195 EP 224 DI 10.1533/9781845695538.3.195 PG 30 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BOP82 UT WOS:000277266200009 ER PT J AU Hatamleh, O Singh, PM Garmestani, H AF Hatamleh, Omar Singh, Preet M. Garmestani, Hamid TI Corrosion susceptibility of peened friction stir welded 7075 aluminum alloy joints SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aluminum; Welding; XRD; Pitting corrosion; Stress corrosion ID LASER-SURFACE-TREATMENT; FATIGUE-CRACK GROWTH; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR AB Effects of surface treatment techniques like laser and shot peening on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of friction stir welded (FSW) 7075 aluminum alloy joints were investigated. This study had two parts; the first part investigated the peening effects on stress corrosion cracking susceptibility in FSW samples by slow strain rate testing in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The second part of the study investigated the effects of peening on corrosion while submerged in a 3.5% NaCl solution with no external loads applied. No signs of corrosion pitting or SCC were evident on any of the tensile samples during the slow strain rate testing. The FSW plates exposed in 3.5% NaCl solution for 60 days were inspected periodically for signs of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in the areas expected to have residual stresses due to welding. Pitting corrosion was seen on the samples, but even after 60 day exposure no stress corrosion cracking was detected on any of the peened or unpeened samples. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hatamleh, Omar] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Struct Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Singh, Preet M.; Garmestani, Hamid] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Hatamleh, O (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Struct Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM omar.hatamleh-1@nasa.gov NR 32 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 8 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 51 IS 1 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2008.09.031 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 399KP UT WOS:000262799100017 ER PT B AU Dwek, E Galliano, F Jones, A AF Dwek, E. Galliano, F. Jones, A. BE Henning, T Grun, E Steinacker, J TI The Cycle of Dust in the Milky Way Clues from the High-Redshift and Local Universe SO COSMIC DUST - NEAR AND FAR SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference Cosmic Dust Near and Far CY SEP 08-12, 2008 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Soc (MPG), German Sci Fdn, European Space Agcy (ESA) ID INTERSTELLAR DUST; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; SPACE-TELESCOPE; AGB-STARS; EVOLUTION; ABUNDANCES; GRAINS; GAS; GALAXIES; SN-1987A AB Models for the evolution of dust can be used to predict global evolutionary trends of dust abundances with metallicity and examine the relative importance of dust production and destruction mechanisms Using these models, we show that the trend of PAR abundances with metallicity is the result of the delayed injection of carbon dust that formed in low mass AGB stars into the interstellar medium The evolution of dust composition with time will have important consequences for determining the opacity of galaxies and their reradiated thermal IR emission Dust evolution models must therefore be an Integral part of population synthesis models, providing a self-consistent link between the stellar and dust emission components of the SED of galaxies We also use our dust evolution models to examine the origin of dust at redshifts > 6, when only supernovae and their remnants could have been, respectively, their sources of production and destruction Our results show that unless an average supernova produces between 0 1 and 1 M-O of dust, alternative sources will need to be invoked to account for the massive amount of dust observed at these redshifts C1 [Dwek, E.] NASA, Observat Cosmol Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Galliano, F.] CEA Saclay, Service Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Jones, A.] Univ Paris, CNRS, IAS, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Dwek, E (reprint author), NASA, Observat Cosmol Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Dwek, Eli/C-3995-2012 FU NASA's LTSA [03-0000-065] FX This work was supported by NASAs LTSA 03-0000-065 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-708-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 414 BP 183 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BSM96 UT WOS:000284979000015 ER PT S AU Mishchenko, MI Travis, LD AF Mishchenko, Michael I. Travis, Larry D. BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI Gustav Mie and the evolving subject of light scattering by particles SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, Natl Aeronaut & Space Administrat, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate DE Electromagnetic scattering; Mie theory ID ABSORBING MEDIUM; PHOTON AB The year 2008 marks the centenary of the seminal paper by Gustav Mic on light scattering by homogeneous spherical particles. With more than 3,800 citations, Mie's paper has been among the most influential physics publications of the twentieth century. It has affected profoundly the development of a great variety of science disciplines including atmospheric radiation, meteorological optics, remote sensing, aerosol physics, nanoscience, astrophysics, and biomedical optics. Mie's paper represented a fundamental advancement over the earlier publications by Ludvig Lorenz in that it was explicitly based on the Maxwell equations, gave the final solution in a convenient and closed form suitable for practical computations, and imparted physical reality to the abstract concept of electromagnetic scattering. The Mie solution anticipated such general concepts as far-field scattering and the Sommerfeld-Silver-Muller boundary conditions at infinity as well as paved the way to such important extensions as the separation of variables method for spheroids and the T-matrix method. Among illustrative uses of the Mie solution are the explanation of the spectacular optical displays caused by cloud and rain droplets, the detection of sulfuric acid particles in the atmosphere of Venus from Earth-based polarimetry, and optical particle characterization based on measurements of morphology-dependent resonances. Yet there is no doubt that the full practical potential of the Mie theory is still to be revealed. C1 [Mishchenko, Michael I.; Travis, Larry D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Mishchenko, MI (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. RI Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 11 EP 15 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300003 ER PT S AU Oreopoulos, L Mlawer, E Delamere, J Shippert, T AF Oreopoulos, Lazaros Mlawer, Eli Delamere, Jennifer Shippert, Timothy BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI The Continual Intercomparison of Radiation Codes (CIRC): A New Standard for Evaluating GCM Radiation Codes SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate DE radiative transfer; line-by-line; absorption; scattering; intercomparison; GCM ID MODEL AB The Continual Intercomparison of Radiation Codes (CIRC) is intended as an evolving and regularly updated permanent reference source for GCM-type radiative transfer (R-F) code evaluation that will help in the improvement of radiation parameterizations. CIRC seeks to establish itself as the standard against which code performance is documented in scientific publications and coordinated joint modeling activities such as GCM intercomparisons. A feature that distinguishes CIRC from previous intercomparisons is that its pool of cases is largely based on observations. Atmospheric and surface input, as well as radiative fluxes used for consistency checks with the reference line-by-line calculations come primarily from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility measurements and satellite observations compiled in the Broadband Heating Rate Profile (BBHRP) product. Additional datasets beyond BBHRP such as measurements from ARM Field campaigns and spectral radiances from the AERI instrument are also used to complete the set of desired cases and to ensure the quality of the input. For Phase I, launched in June, CIRC aims to assess the baseline errors of GCM RT codes and therefore provides test cases that evaluate performance under the least challenging conditions, i.e, well-understood clear-sky and homogeneous, single-layer overcast liquid cloud cases. C1 [Oreopoulos, Lazaros] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Oreopoulos, Lazaros] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atomspheres, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Mlawer, Eli; Delamere, Jennifer] Atmospheric & Environ Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Shippert, Timothy] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Oreopoulos, L (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/E-5868-2012 OI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/0000-0001-6061-6905 FU U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of BER, Environmental Sciences Division as part of the ARM program [DE-FG-02-07ER64354] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of BER, Environmental Sciences Division as part of the ARM program under grant DE-FG-02-07ER64354. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 73 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300018 ER PT S AU Torres, O Bhartia, PK AF Torres, Omar Bhartia, Pawan K. BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI Interaction Between Particle Absorption and Rayleigh Scattering in the Near-UV SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate DE Aerosol absorption; remote-sensing; ultraviolet radiation ID SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; OZONE AB The interaction of particle absorption and molecular scattering in the Earth's atmosphere produces it clear observable signal in the backscattered UV (BUV) radiation at the top-of-the-atmosphere. For a given aerosol optical depth this signal depends strongly oil the imaginary part of the aerosol refractive index and the fraction of the total scattering that occurs below the aerosol layer. In cloud-free scenes this causes a strong dependence on the height of aerosol center-of-mass. This effect is minimized when clouds or bright surfaces are below the aerosol layer. By considering these effects carefully it is becoming possible to measure aerosol absorption optical thickness (AAOT) at UV wavelengths with accuracies that are comparable to ground-based remote sensing methods. Although current capabilities in estimating AAOT from BUV data are limited to nearly cloud-free scenes, more than 30 years of experience with UV Aerosol Index (UVAI) derived from TOMS and its follow-on instruments (GOME, SCIAMACHY, and OMI) indicate that it should be possible to estimate AAOT over clouds and snow/ice-covered surfaces as well. C1 [Torres, Omar] Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Bhartia, Pawan K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmospheres, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Torres, O (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RI Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016 OI Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 121 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300030 ER PT S AU Baranov, YI Lafferty, WJ Ma, Q Tipping, RH AF Baranov, Y. I. Lafferty, W. J. Ma, Q. Tipping, R. H. BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI New Experimental Measurements and Theoretical Calculations of the Water Vapor Continuum Absorption in the 800 cm(-1) to 1250 cm(-1) Spectral Region at Temperatures from 311 K to 363 K SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate DE Water Vapor Continuum; Absorption Coefficients; Line Shapes ID WINDOW AB Water vapor self-continuum absorption coefficients at 27 micro-windows in the infrared spectral region for temperatures raging from 310.8 K to 363.6 K were measured. By considering contributions from far wings of allowed H2O lines, theoretical calculations of the continuum at these windows are carried out. In general. the agreement between the data and the theory is pretty good, especially their temperature dependence. By comparing the measurements with MT_CKD, the agreement at the low temperature is reasonably good, but at the high temperatures MT_CKD predicts Lip to 50% less than the data. This implies for this temperature region, the MT_CKD temperature dependence is not correct. C1 [Baranov, Y. I.; Lafferty, W. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ma, Q.] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studi, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Ma, Q.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tipping, R. H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astronom, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Baranov, YI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NASA [NNGO6GB236, FCCS-547]; Biological and Environmental Research Program; U.S. Department of Energy; Interagency Agreement [DE-AIO2-93ER61744] FX Two of the authors (Q. Ma and R. H. Tipping) acknowledge financial support from NASA wider grants NNGO6GB236 and FCCS-547. Q. Ma wishes to acknowledge financial support from the Biological and Environmental Research Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Interagency Agreement No. DE-AIO2-93ER61744. The authors would like to than the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (Livermore, CA) for computer time and facilities provided. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 131 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300032 ER PT S AU Geogdzhayev, IV Mishchenko, MI Liu, L Lacis, AA Cairns, B Travis, LD AF Geogdzhayev, Igor V. Mishchenko, Michael I. Liu, Li Lacis, Andrew A. Cairns, Brian Travis, Larry D. BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI Pixel-level analysis of MODIS and MISR aerosol products SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate DE satellite remote sensing; tropospheric aerosols ID OPTICAL DEPTH; AERONET; OCEAN; SPACE; RETRIEVAL; FUTURE; AVHRR AB Because of the global nature of aerosol effects on climate, satellite observations have been ail indispensable source of information about aerosol distributions for use in various assessments of climate and climate change(1). There have been parallel claims of unprecedented accuracy of aerosol retrievals with the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)(2,3) and Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR)(4,5). These claims have beet) based on limited comparisons with ground-based observations which, however, are not necessarily indicative of the actual global performance of these satellite sensors. Fortunately, both instruments have been flown for many),cars on the same Terra platform, which provides a unique opportunity to compare fully collocated pixel-level MODIS and MISR aerosol retrievals directly and globally. Our present extensive analysis of similar to 8 years of the MODIS-Terra and MISR aerosol data demonstrates profound disagreements at the pixel level as well as between long-term averages of aerosol properties. The only point of the two datasets agreement is a weak increasing tendency in the globally averaged aerosol optical thickness (AOT) over the land and no long-term AOT tendency over the oceans. In general, Our new systematic results Suggest that the current knowledge of the global distribution of the AOT and, especially, aerosol microphysical characteristics remains unsatisfactory. C1 [Geogdzhayev, Igor V.; Mishchenko, Michael I.; Lacis, Andrew A.; Cairns, Brian; Travis, Larry D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Geogdzhayev, Igor V.; Liu, Li] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Geogdzhayev, IV (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. RI Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012; Lacis, Andrew/D-4658-2012 OI Cairns, Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022; FU NASA EOS program; National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System's Advanced Technolom. and Plans Program Ekment of the Program Executive Office for Environmental Satellites FX We thank John Manonchik for valuable advice regarding the MISR aerosol retrieval algorithm and &insets. Lorraine Renter for her assistance in the understanding of the MODIS aerosol product. and Ralph Kahn for valuable discussions. This research was funded by the NASA EOS program and by the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System's Advanced Technolom. and Plans Program Ekment of the Program Executive Office for Environmental Satellites. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 251 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300061 ER PT S AU Larar, AM Zhou, DK Liu, X Smith, WL AF Larar, Allen M. Zhou, Daniel K. Liu, Xu Smith, William L. BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI Select Methodology for Validating Advanced Satellite Measurement Systems SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate DE validation; FTIR; airborne sensors; satellite systems; passive infrared; NAST-I ID INTERFEROMETER NAST-I AB Advanced satellite sensors are tasked with improving global measurements of the Earth's atmosphere, clouds, and surface to enable enhancements in weather prediction, climate monitoring capability, and environmental change detection. Measurement system validation is crucial to achieving this goal and maximizing research and operational utility of resultant data. Field campaigns including satellite under-nights,with well-calibrated FTS sensors aboard high-altitude aircraft are an essential part of the validation task. This manuscript focuses on an overview of validation methodology developed for assessment of hi h spectral resolution infrared systems. and includes results of preliminary studies performed to investigate the performance of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instrument aboard the MetOp-A satellite. C1 [Larar, Allen M.; Zhou, Daniel K.; Liu, Xu] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Smith, William L.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA USA. [Smith, William L.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI USA. RP Larar, AM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 275 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300067 ER PT S AU Liu, X Zhou, DK Larar, A Smith, WL Schluessel, P AF Liu, Xu Zhou, Daniel K. Larar, Allen Smith, William L. Schluessel, Peter BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI Radiative Transfer and Retrieval in EOF Domain SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate ID TRANSFER MODEL AB The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) is a hyperspectral sensor with 8461 spectral channels. It is computationally intensive to perform radiative transfer calculations and inversions using all these channels. We will present a Principal Component-based Radiative Transfer Model (PCRTM) and a retrieval algorithm, which perform all the necessary calculations in EOF domain. Since the EOFs are orthogonal to each other, only about 100 principal components are needed to represent the information content of the 8461 channels. The PCRTM provides the EOF coefficients and associated derivatives with respect to atmospheric and Surface parameters needed by the inversion algorithm. The inversion algorithm is based on a non-linear Leveriberg-Marquardt method with climatology covariance and a priori information as constraints. The retrieved parameters include atmospheric temperature, moisture and ozone profiles, cloud parameters, surface skin temperature, and surface emissivities. C1 [Liu, Xu; Zhou, Daniel K.; Larar, Allen] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS401A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Smith, William L.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Smith, William L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Schluessel, Peter] EUMETSAT, D-64259 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Liu, X (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS401A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Xu.Liu-1@nasa.gov FU NASA; NPOESS integrated program office (IPO) FX We would like to thank support from NASA and NPOESS integrated program office (IPO). NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 283 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300069 ER PT S AU Mishchenko, MI AF Mishchenko, Michael I. BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI Polarimetric remote sensing of aerosols and clouds: effects of particle shape and morphology SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate DE Electromagnetic scattering; Remote sensing ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SOOT AB This tutorial talk is intended to provide an accessible introduction to the discipline of electromagnetic scattering by nonspherical particles. The Cocus is on how nonsphericity affects our way of describing and quantifying electromagnetic scattering by particles and how it is likely to affect, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the principal theoretical descriptors of scattering and the relevant optical observables. C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Mishchenko, MI (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. RI Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 299 EP 302 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300073 ER PT S AU Heck, PW Minnis, P Yang, P Chang, FL Palikonda, R Arduini, RF Sun-Mack, S AF Heck, Patrick W. Minnis, Patrick Yang, Ping Chang, Fu-Lung Palikonda, Rabindra Arduini, Robert F. Sun-Mack, Sunny BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI Retrieval of Ice Cloud Properties Using Variable Phase Functions SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate ID SATELLITE-BASED RETRIEVAL; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; CIRRUS CLOUDS; PARTICLES; TEXTURE AB An enhancement to NASA Langley's Visible Infrared Solar-infrared Split-window Technique (VISST) is developed to identify and account for situations when errors are induced by using smooth ice crystals. The retrieval scheme incorporates new ice cloud phase functions that utilize hexagonal crystals with roughened surfaces. In some situations, cloud optical depths are reduced, hence, cloud height is increased. Cloud effective particle size also changes with the roughened ice crystal models which results in varied effects on the calculation of ice water path. Once validated and expanded, the new approach will be integrated in the CERES MODIS algorithm and real-time retrievals at Langley. C1 [Heck, Patrick W.] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Minnis, Patrick] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Climate Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chang, Fu-Lung] Natl Inst Aerospa, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Palikonda, Rabindra; Arduini, Robert F.; Sun-Mack, Sunny] Sci Syst & Appl Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Heck, PW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 384 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300094 ER PT S AU Meyer, K Platnick, S Yang, P Gad, BC AF Meyer, Kerry Platnick, Steven Yang, Ping Gad, Bo-Cai BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI Cirrus Cloud Optical Thickness from Reflectance Measurements in the MODIS 1.38-mu m Channel SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate ID SCATTERING; DEPTH AB Cirrus cloud radiative properties are derived using reflectance measurements in the "cirrus detection" channel, centered at 1.38-mu m, of the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The 1.38-mu m channel is located within a spectral region of strong water vapor absorption; thus, under many circumstances, measured reflectance within this channel is solely attributable to ice clouds (e.g., cirrus). Following a look-up table approach, a new method has been developed to derive cirrus cloud optical thickness on a global scale from reflectance measurements in the 1.38-mu m channel. The pre-calculated look-up tables are constructed from forward radiative transfer calculations using the discrete-ordinates radiative transfer (DISORT) method coupled with the new bulk-scattering properties of ice clouds developed for the Collection 005 MODIS cloud product (MOD06). An analysis of the various 1.38-mu m based cirrus retrievals follows. Rigorous forward modeling of realistic cloud scenarios facilitates the establishment of uncertainty estimates for each retrieval technique. It has been found that relatively large uncertainties can result from inadequate knowledge of the cloud microphysics (i.e., ice particle effective size). C1 [Meyer, Kerry; Platnick, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atm Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Gad, Bo-Cai] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meyer, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016 OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200 FU NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center FX This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. S NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 404 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300099 ER PT S AU Platnick, S Wind, G King, MD Holz, RE Ackerman, SA Nagle, FW AF Platnick, Steven Wind, Gala King, Michael D. Holz, Robert E. Ackerman, Steven A. Nagle, Fred W. BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI Comparison of the MODIS Collection 5 Multilayer Cloud Detection Product with CALIPSO SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate ID LAND PRODUCTS; ALBEDOS AB CALIPSO, launched in June 2006, provides global active remote sensing measurements of clouds and aerosols that can be used for validation of a variety of passive imager retrievals derived from instruments flying on the Aqua spacecraft and other A-Train platforms. The most recent processing effort for the MODIS Atmosphere Team, referred to as the Collection 5 scream, includes a research-level multilayer cloud detection algorithm that uses both thermodynamic phase information derived from a combination of solar and thermal emission bands to discriminate layers of different phases, as well as true layer separation discrimination using a moderately absorbing water vapor band. The multilayer detection algorithm is designed to provide a means of assessing the applicability of I D cloud models used in the MODIS cloud optical and microphysical product retrieval, which are generated at a I km resolution. Using pixel-level collocations of MODIS Aqua, CALIOP, we investigate the global performance of multilayer cloud detection algorithms (and thermodynamic phase). C1 [Platnick, Steven; Wind, Gala] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wind, Gala] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Holz, Robert E.; Ackerman, Steven A.; Nagle, Fred W.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Platnick, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014 OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567 FU NASA Radiation Sciences Program FX This work was performed with support from the NASA Radiation Sciences Program. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 416 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300102 ER PT S AU Torres, O Bhartia, PK Ahn, C AF Torres, Omar Bhartia, Pawan K. Ahn, Changwoo BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI Aerosol Absorption Measurements from Space Observations by the Aura-OMI Sensor SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate DE Aerosol absorption; remote-sensing; ultraviolet radiation AB In spite of the Progress in space-borne aerosol sensing capability over the last decade, the quantification of the net effect of aerosols on the radiative transfer balance of the earth-atmosphere system remains a challenge. Observational evidence as well as important theoretical analyses, indicate that the absorption of solar radiation by soot-containing and organic aerosols may contribute to warming the atmosphere. In addition to the well-documented climate role of aerosol absorption, recent research indicates that absorbing aerosols may also have an effect on the hydrological cycle as it has the potential of inhibiting cloud formation and preventing or delaying the onset of precipitation. The development of the capability to detect aerosol absorption from space using near-UV observations was one the most important breakthroughs of the last decade in aerosol remote sensing from space. The technique, developed from analysis of observations by the TOMS instrument has been extensively used for the global mapping of absorbing aerosols. Aerosol absorption can be measured from space in the near UV by taking advantage of the interaction between Rayleigh scattering and particle absorption. The result of this radiative transfer interaction is a unique signal that clearly detects the presence of absorbing aerosols under most observing conditions: clear skies over water and land surfaces (including deserts), mixed with clouds or above them, and aerosols over ice and snow covered surfaces. In this presentation the current operational application of a retrieval method to obtain aerosol absorption using near UV observations by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) will be discussed and results of validation analysis based on ground-based observations are presented. C1 [Torres, Omar] Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospheres & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Bhartia, Pawan K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ahn, Changwoo] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20721 USA. RP Torres, O (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospheres & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RI Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016 OI Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 428 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300105 ER PT S AU Fan, A Lin, B Gupta, S AF Fan, Alice Lin, Bing Gupta, Shashi BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI Cloud Radiation Heating on the Atmosphere from the Aqua Satellite SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate DE cloud radiation AB Clouds have tremendous effect on the radiation flux at top-of-atmosphere (TOA). surface (SFC), and atmosphere (ATM). This study calculates the difference of ATM radiation heal flux between cloudy and nearby clear sky (cloud ATM heating) over four low cloud and nine high cloud areas. The radiation fluxes used in this study are from the Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) data product of the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project, CERES instruments fly onboard the Tropic Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM), Terra, and Aqua satellites since 1997, 2000, and 200 2 respectively. They measure the solar-reflected and earth-emitted radiation at TOA and estimate the Surface shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation fluxes using cloud and aerosol information from the Moderate-resolution mapping Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and climatology parameters. The data used here are from the Aqua satellite for 2003-2005. The statistics results show the similarity of cloud heating (cooling) effects oil the atmosphere for the same type Of Clouds during the same season even when they are over different regions. C1 [Fan, Alice; Gupta, Shashi] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Lin, Bing] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Fan, A (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 529 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300129 ER PT S AU Kassianov, E McFarlane, SA Barnard, J Flynn, C Slingo, A Bharmal, N Robinson, G Turner, D Miller, MD Ackerman, T Miller, R AF Kassianov, Evgueni McFarlane, Sally A. Barnard, James Flynn, Connor Slingo, Anthony Bharmal, Nazim Robinson, Gary Turner, David Miller, Mark D. Ackerman, Thomas Miller, Ron BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI International RADAGAST Experiment in Niamey, Niger: Changes and Drivers of Atmospheric Radiation Balance SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate DE Aerosol properties; radiative fluxes; satellite and surface observations AB Recently, the unique capabilities of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) Experiment, the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF), the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) instrument, and the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) were combined effectively as part of a large international project: the Radiative Atmospheric Divergence using AMF, GERB data and AMMA Stations (RADAGAST), which took place in Niamey, Niger, in 2006. Important objectives of RADAGAST include (1) estimates of the radiative fluxes and divergence across the atmosphere, and (2) analysis of related meteorological and thermodynamical variables. In this study, we outline results of this project. Also, we show retrievals of aerosol properties from spectrally resolved solar measurements, the Simulated and observed radiative fluxes at the surface, and outline factors that control the magnitude and variability of aerosol and radiative properties. C1 [Kassianov, Evgueni; McFarlane, Sally A.; Barnard, James; Flynn, Connor] Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Slingo, Anthony; Bharmal, Nazim; Robinson, Gary] Univ Reading, ESSC, Reading, Berks RG6 6AL, England. [Turner, David] Univ Wisconsin Madison, SSEC, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Miller, Mark D.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Ackerman, Thomas] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Miller, Ron] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Kassianov, E (reprint author), Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program FX This work was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 537 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300131 ER PT S AU Oreopoulos, L Platnick, SE Hong, G Yang, P Cahalan, RF AF Oreopoulos, Lazaros Platnick, Steven E. Hong, Gang Yang, Ping Cahalan, Robert F. BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI The Shortwave Radiative Forcing Bias of Homogeneous Liquid and Ice Clouds Observed by MODIS SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate DE clouds; cloud radiative forcing; inhomogeneity; MODIS ID SCATTERING PROPERTIES; ALBEDO BIAS; PART I; MODELS AB We analyze the plane-parallel bias of the shortwave cloud radiative forcing (SWCRF) of liquid and ice Clouds at I degree scales using global MODIS (Terra and Aqua) cloud optical property retrievals for four months of 2005 representative of the meteorological seasons. The (negative) bias is estimated as the difference of the SWCRF calculated using the Plane-Parallel Homogeneous (PPH) method and the Independent Column Approximation (ICA). These calculations require MODIS-derived means (for PPH Calculations) and distributions (for ICA calculations) of cloud optical thickness and effective radius as well as ancillary surface albedo and atmospheric information. that are inserted into a broadband solar radiative transfer code. The absolute value of global SWCRF bias of liquid Clouds at the top of the atmosphere is similar to 6 Wm(-2) for MODIS overpass times while the SWCRF bias, for ice clouds is smaller in absolute terms by similar to 0.7 Wm(-2), but with stronger spatial variability. Marine clouds of both phases are characterized by larger (more negative) SWCRF biases than continental clouds. For clouds of both phases the SWCRF bias is collectively about 4 Wm(-2) for diurnal averages. C1 [Oreopoulos, Lazaros] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Oreopoulos, Lazaros; Platnick, Steven E.; Cahalan, Robert F.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Hong, Gang; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. RP Oreopoulos, L (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/E-5868-2012; Cahalan, Robert/E-3462-2012; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014 OI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/0000-0001-6061-6905; Cahalan, Robert/0000-0001-9724-1270; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567 FU U.S. DOE; Office of Sceince; Office of BER; Environmental Sciences Division as part of the ARM program [DE-FG02-07ER64354] FX L. Orepoulos acknowledges support from the U.S. DOE, Office of Sceince, Office of BER, Environmental Sciences Division as part of the ARM program under DE-FG02-07ER64354. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 569 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300139 ER PT S AU Zhang, TP Stackhouse, PW Gupta, SK Cox, SJ Mikovitz, JC AF Zhang, Taiping Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr. Gupta, Shashi K. Cox, Stephen J. Mikovitz, J. Colleen BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI Validation and Analysis of the Release 3.0 of the NASA GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget Dataset SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate DE GEWEX; SRB; radiation; climate; satellite; BSRN; WRDC; GEBA; ENSO; EOF AB The Release 3.0 of the NASA GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) dataset is described and validated against the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) data, the World Radiation Data Centre (WRDC) data, and the Global Energy Balance Archive (GEBA) data. The validation shows generally good agreement. The EOF analysis of the dataset shows that signals of large scale climate variations. such as El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), can be identified from the GEWEX SRB dataset. C1 [Zhang, Taiping; Gupta, Shashi K.; Mikovitz, J. Colleen] NASA, SSAI, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 936,21 Langley Blvd, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr.; Cox, Stephen J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Zhang, TP (reprint author), NASA, SSAI, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 936,21 Langley Blvd, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 597 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300146 ER PT S AU Zhao, TXP Loeb, N Laszlo, I Zhou, M AF Zhao, Tom X-P. Loeb, Norman Laszlo, Istvan Zhou, Mi BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI Study of Global Component Aerosol Direct Radiative Effect by Combining Satellite Measurement and Model Simulations SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate DE Aerosol optical thickness (AOT); aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE) AB The two-step approach of combing CERES/MODIS shortwave (SW) flux and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 0.55 mu m with the component AOT fractions from the GSFC/GOCART model to derive top of atmosphere (TOA) component aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE) over the global cloud-free oceans proposed in Zhao et al [2007] has been extended to over cloud-free land areas for a global coverage. Validation has also been performed by comparing our ADRE computation with a calculation from a Fu-Liou radiative transfer model for the global AERONET sites by using the aerosol optical properties observed From AERONET and surface reflectance obtained from MODIS observations as the model inputs. C1 [Zhao, Tom X-P.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Study, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20743 USA. [Loeb, Norman] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Zhao, Tom X-P.; Laszlo, Istvan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zhou, Mi] IM Syst Grp, Kensington, MD 20895 USA. RP Zhao, TXP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Study, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20743 USA. RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708 FU NASA Radiation Program [RSP-0022-0005]; Cooperative Institute Program of NOAA/NEDIS/STAR FX We would like to acknoeledged the NASA CERES project for providing the CERES/MODIS data and Dr. Mian Chin at GSFC for providing the GOCART model data. The leader author is funded by the NASA Radiation Program managed by Dr. Hal Maring through grant RSP-0022-0005 and the Cooperative Institute Program of NOAA/NEDIS/STAR. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 601 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300147 ER PT S AU Diaz, S Fioletov, V Herman, J Jalkanen, L Janjai, S Kjeldstad, B Koide, T Seckmeyer, G Simon, P Weatherhead, B Webb, A AF Diaz, Susana Fioletov, Vitali Herman, Jay Jalkanen, Liisa Janjai, Serm Kjeldstad, Berit Koide, Takashi Seckmeyer, Gunther Simon, Paul Weatherhead, Betsy Webb, Ann BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI Data Quality Objectives (DQO) for Solar Ultraviolet Radiation SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate DE Ultraviolet Radiation; Data Quality; Instruments AB General objectives for measuring solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiance are: a) To establish a UV climatology by long-term monitoring, e.g. within a network, b) To detect trends in global UV irradiance. c) To provide datasets for specific process studies and for the validation of radiative transfer models and/or satellite derived UV irradiance at the Earth's surface, d) To understand geographic differences in global UV irradiance, c) To gain information about actual UV levels and their diurnal and seasonal variability, f) To provide data for public information and awareness (e.g. UV index). Solar ultraviolet radiation can be measured by different classes of instrument and it is crucial to match the instrument employed to the intended objective. It should also be ensured that sufficient facilities are available to Support the objective in terms of personnel and QA/QC requirements. The three classes of instrument available for solar UV measurement are spectral, broadband and multifilter. Spectral instruments are the most costly, complex and demanding of those available, but provide the most versatile data. Broadband radiometers, tend to be cheaper and have fewer operational problems than spectroradiometers. However, their maintenance and QA/QC can introduce substantial additional cost. Multifilter radiometers combine some of the properties of both broadband and spectral instruments. Not all the above mentioned instruments are suited to all of the objectives. To achieve objectives a,d,e and f, any class of instrument can be used, but it is necessary that it accomplishes a minimum requirement in quality. The second listed objective, trend detection, is the most demanding goal of UV monitoring, and spectral instruments are most suited to this task. The instrument specifications and the QA/QC requirements necessary to enable detection of small trends are very stringent and must be maintained over it prolonged period to justify trend detection. Providing datasets for process studies or satellite validation (objective c) is again best served by spectral instruments. For the validation of radiative transfer models the accuracy of spectral measurements must be comparable to the accuracy needed for trend detection. C1 [Diaz, Susana] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, INGEBI CADIC, Vuelta Obligado 2490, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Fioletov, Vitali] Meteorol Serv Canada, Air Qual Res, Expt Studies Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Herman, Jay] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jalkanen, Liisa] AER, RES, WMO Secretariat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Janjai, Serm] Silpakorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand. [Kjeldstad, Berit] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Koide, Takashi] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Ozone Layer Monitoring Off, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. [Seckmeyer, Gunther] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Meteorol & Climatol, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. [Simon, Paul] Inst Aeron Spatiale Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Weatherhead, Betsy] NOAA, ERL R E, ARXI, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Webb, Ann] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atm & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Diaz, S (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, INGEBI CADIC, Vuelta Obligado 2490, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. OI Fioletov, Vitali/0000-0002-2731-5956; Herman, Jay/0000-0002-9146-1632 FU AREP (WMO) FX the authors want to thank the AREP (WMO) and their own institutions for their support to produce this document. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 663 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300161 ER PT B AU Bergner, D Eris, O AF Bergner, David Eris, Ozgur BE Ohsawa, Y Yada, K TI Reframing the Data-Mining Process SO DATA MINING FOR DESIGN AND MARKETING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bergner, David] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Biosci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Eris, Ozgur] Franklin W Olin Coll Engn, Needham, MA USA. RP Bergner, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Biosci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4200-7019-4 J9 CH CRC DATA MIN KNOW PY 2009 BP 19 EP 33 D2 10.1201/9781420070224 PG 15 WC Business; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Business & Economics; Computer Science GA BJR17 UT WOS:000267019100002 ER PT B AU Beer, E Wooden, DH Schulz, R AF Beer, E. Wooden, D. H. Schulz, R. BE Kaufl, HU Sterken, C TI The Grain Evolution Model for Icy Grains Ejected from 9P/Tempel 1 by Deep Impact SO DEEP IMPACT AS A WORLD OBSERVATORY EVENT: SYNERGIES IN SPACE, TIME, AND WAVELENGTH SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Deep Impact as a World Observatory Event - Synergies in Space, Time and Wavelength CY AUG 07-10, 2006 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP ESO, VUB ID COMETS; MORPHOLOGY; CONTINUUM AB The GEM (Grain Evolution Model) is a unique model which follows the cometary icy grains from the moment of ejection until complete sublimation. The model takes into accounts the different forces acting on each and every grain from the initial distribution, as they are passing through the coma, and sublimating. The GEM is sensitive to the wavelength and composition of the grains and therefore can anticipate which grains can betA;er match the observations at; a certain wavelength. The GEM can predict the brightness of the entire coma, in steady state, or as in the Deep Impact Mission it can calculate the coma brightness at different cross sections of time while differentiating between the contribution of the nucleus and that; of the grains. In this paper we will show that nearly pure ice grains, i.e. 1-5% of Pyroxene, match the observations from the Deep Impact Mission since. they can give a reasonable explanation for the UV enhanced rapid and decline after 20-30 minutes. Furthermore nearly pure ice grains explain the sustained brightness in the UV that lasts 7-14 hours [20]. C1 [Beer, E.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NPP Res Assoc, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schulz, R.] European Space Technol Ctr, ESA Res & Scientif Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Wooden, D. H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Beer, E (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NPP Res Assoc, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ealea144@yahoo.com; dwooden@mac.com; rschulz@rssd.esa.int NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-76958-3 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2009 BP 59 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-76959-0_6 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIS26 UT WOS:000262404900006 ER PT B AU Coulson, IM Butner, HM Moriarty-Schieven, G Woodney, LM Charnley, SB Rodgers, SD Stuwe, J Schulz, R Meech, KJ Fernandez, Y Vora, P AF Coulson, I. M. Butner, H. M. Moriarty-Schieven, G. Woodney, L. M. Charnley, S. B. Rodgers, S. D. Stuewe, J. Schulz, R. Meech, K. J. Fernandez, Y. Vora, P. BE Kaufl, HU Sterken, C TI JCMT Observations of the Deep Impact Event SO DEEP IMPACT AS A WORLD OBSERVATORY EVENT: SYNERGIES IN SPACE, TIME, AND WAVELENGTH SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Deep Impact as a World Observatory Event - Synergies in Space, Time and Wavelength CY AUG 07-10, 2006 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP ESO, VUB AB Spectroscopic observations were made from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope of cornet 9P/Tempel 1 before, during and after the impact by the NASA. spacecraft Deep Impact on UT 04 July 2005. Several molecular species (HCN, CH3OH, CO, CS, HCO+) were targeted but none was detected. Nonetheless, upper limits on emission line strengths may weakly constrain the chemical composition of the ices in the excavated part of the comet nucleus. Preliminary analysis of the HCN data is presented here. C1 [Coulson, I. M.; Butner, H. M.; Moriarty-Schieven, G.] Joint Astron Ctr, 665 Komohana St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Woodney, L. M.] Calif State Univ, San Bernardino, CA USA. [Charnley, S. B.; Rodgers, S. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Stuewe, J.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Schulz, R.] ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Meech, K. J.; Fernandez, Y.] Univ Hawaii, Astron Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Vora, P.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA USA. RP Coulson, IM (reprint author), Joint Astron Ctr, 665 Komohana St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM i.coulson@jach.hawaii.edu; rschulz@rssd.esa.int; meech@ifa.hawaii.edu; yfernandez@physics.ucf.edu RI Charnley, Steven/C-9538-2012; OI Butner, Harold/0000-0003-4899-2064; Fernandez, Yanga/0000-0003-1156-9721 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-76958-3 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2009 BP 69 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-76959-0_7 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIS26 UT WOS:000262404900007 ER PT B AU Harker, DE Woodward, CE Wooden, DH AF Harker, D. E. Woodward, C. E. Wooden, D. H. BE Kaufl, HU Sterken, C TI Gemini-N Observations of the Dust Excavated from Comet 9P/Tempel 1 During Deep Impact SO DEEP IMPACT AS A WORLD OBSERVATORY EVENT: SYNERGIES IN SPACE, TIME, AND WAVELENGTH SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Deep Impact as a World Observatory Event - Synergies in Space, Time and Wavelength CY AUG 07-10, 2006 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP ESO, VUB ID INTERSTELLAR SILICATE MINERALOGY; HALE-BOPP; SPITZER; STEPS; NEAT AB We present mid-infrared spectra of the GEMINI-N (+MICHELLE) observations of comet 9P/Tempel 1 during its encounter with Deep Impact (approximate to 7 min cadence). Based on our modeling of the spectra, we find that the submicron sized dust grains travel away from the nucleus faster than the larger grains. Groups of grains of differing mineral composition travel at different ejection velocities. Amorphous olivine and amorphous carbon grains travel together at one speed, while amorphous pyroxene and crystalline olivine travel together at another speed. The different speed of the two mineral groups implies that; Deep Impact; excavated a layer of material below an amorphous carbon and amorphous olivine rich surface layer to release an amorphous pyroxene and crystalline olivine rich layer. C1 [Harker, D. E.] Univ Calif San Diego, CASS, 9500 Gilman Dr Dept 0424, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Woodward, C. E.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Wooden, D. H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Harker, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, CASS, 9500 Gilman Dr Dept 0424, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dharker@ucsd.edu; chelsea@astro.umn.edu; dwooden@mac.com OI Harker, David/0000-0001-6397-9082 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-76958-3 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2009 BP 115 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-76959-0_13 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIS26 UT WOS:000262404900013 ER PT B AU Hodapp, KW Aldering, G Meech, KJ Cochran, A AF Hodapp, K. W. Aldering, G. Meech, K. J. Cochran, A. BE Kaufl, HU Sterken, C TI Spectrophotometry of the Deep Impact Ejecta of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 SO DEEP IMPACT AS A WORLD OBSERVATORY EVENT: SYNERGIES IN SPACE, TIME, AND WAVELENGTH SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Deep Impact as a World Observatory Event - Synergies in Space, Time and Wavelength CY AUG 07-10, 2006 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP ESO, VUB AB We have obtained optical spectrophotometry of the evolution of comet 9P/Tempel 1 after the impact of the Deep Impact spacecraft [1], using the SNIFS Supernova Integral Field Spectrograph at the UH 2.2 m telescope. From the data cubes, we extracted both continuum flux distributions is well is emission line fluxes of the violet CN system and of [OI]. We found that the continuum brightness of the comet, i.e., scattered sunlight, started rising immediately after the impact, but that the ejecta were slightly bluer in color than the material normally released by the comet;. The emission of [OI] at 630 run, which is a tracer of water, rose similar to the scattered continuum light, but then remained nearly constant for several hours after impact. We found that CN emission at 388 nm centered on the nuclei-is was delayed compared to the rise of dust-scattered sunlight. This CN emission also expanded faster spatially than the cloud of scattering dust. C1 [Hodapp, K. W.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 640 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Aldering, G.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Meech, K. J.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Meech, K. J.] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Cochran, A.] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Hodapp, KW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 640 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM hodapp@ifa.hawaii.edu; galdering@lbl.gov; meech@ifa.hawaii.edu; anita@astro.as.utexas.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-76958-3 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2009 BP 215 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-76959-0_27 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIS26 UT WOS:000262404900027 ER PT B AU DiSanti, MA Villanueva, GL Bonev, BP Magee-Sauer, K Lyke, JE Mumma, MJ AF DiSanti, M. A. Villanueva, G. L. Bonev, B. P. Magee-Sauer, K. Lyke, J. E. Mumma, M. J. BE Kaufl, HU Sterken, C TI Temporal Evolution of DI Ejecta Based on NIRSPEC Observations at Keck 2: Parent Volatiles and Dust SO DEEP IMPACT AS A WORLD OBSERVATORY EVENT: SYNERGIES IN SPACE, TIME, AND WAVELENGTH SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Deep Impact as a World Observatory Event - Synergies in Space, Time and Wavelength CY AUG 07-10, 2006 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP ESO, VUB ID DEEP IMPACT; COMET 9P/TEMPEL-1; FRAGMENT-C; TELESCOPE; JUPITER; GRAINS AB The Deep Impact encounter with 9P/Tempel 1, a Jupiter Family Comet (JFC), on UT 2005 July 04 was observed at high spectral resolution (lambda/Delta lambda approximate to 25,000) using the cross-dispersed near-infrared echelle spectrometer (NIRSPEC) at Keck-2. This permitted a simultaneous measure of individual line intensities for several parent molecules in addition to dust continuum emission. Column abundances are presented for H2O and C2H6 beginning 30 minutes prior to impact (T-30) and ending 50 minutes following impact (T+50), and for H2O and HCN front T+50 until T+96, in time steps of approximately six minutes post-impact. The ejecta composition was revealed by all abrupt increase in H2O and C2H6, near T+25. This showed C2H6/H2O to be higher than its pre-impact value by a factor 2.4 +/- 0.5, while HCN/H2O was unchanged within the uncertainty of the measurements. The mixing ratios for C2H6 and HCN ill the ejecta agree with those found in the majority of Oort cloud comets, perhaps indicating a common region of formation. This stands in contrast with the recently observed split JFC 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 and the disintegrated Oort cloud comet D/1999 S4 (LINEAR), both of which were depleted in most; organic volatiles, but not HCN. The expanding dust plume was tracked through the 3.5-mu m spectral continuum and through 2-mu m images acquired with the slit-viewing camera (SCAM). These showed a monotonic increase in continuum intensity following impact. The relatively sudden appearance of the volatile ejecta signature is attributed to heating of icy grains (perhaps to a threshold temperature) that were decreasingly shadowed by intervening (sunward) particles. C1 [DiSanti, M. A.; Villanueva, G. L.; Bonev, B. P.; Mumma, M. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Villanueva, G. L.] NRC Resident Res Associate, NPP, Washington, DC USA. [Bonev, B. P.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Magee-Sauer, K.] Rowan Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. [Lyke, J. E.] WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. RP DiSanti, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM disanti@ssedmail.gsfc.nasa.gov; villanueva@ssedmail.gsfc.nasa.gov; mmumma@ssedmail.gsfc.nasa.gov RI mumma, michael/I-2764-2013; Magee-Sauer, Karen/K-6061-2015 OI Magee-Sauer, Karen/0000-0002-4979-9875 FU NASA Planetary Astronomy Program; NASA Astrobiology Program; National Science Foundation; NPP Resident Research Associateship Program; California Institute of Technology; University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research is supported by the NASA Planetary Astronomy Program, the NASA Astrobiology Program, the National Science Foundation, and the NPP Resident Research Associateship Program. We thank W.M. Keck Observatory Fred Chaffee for providing Directors Discretionary time on impact night, H. Kawakita and N. Dello Russo for their participation with the observations, and the staff of Keck Observatory for general support. The Keck Observatory is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-76958-3 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2009 BP 251 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-76959-0_34 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIS26 UT WOS:000262404900034 ER PT B AU Trease, B Kota, S AF Trease, Brian Kota, Sridhar GP ASME TI TOPOLOGY SYNTHESIS OF COMPLIANT SYSTEMS WITH EMBEDDED ACTUATORS AND SENSORS SO DETC 2008: 32ND ANNUAL MECHANISMS AND ROBOTICS CONFERENCE, VOL. 2, PTS A & B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Mechanisms and Robotics Conference CY AUG 03-06, 2008 CL New York, NY SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID SMART STRUCTURES; MECHANISMS; DESIGN; OPTIMIZATION AB The basic premise of a compliant system is the integration of motion/force transmission via elastic deformation with embedded actuation and sensing. Current electromechanical systems are generally fashioned in the rigid-and-discrete paradigm where one first designs a rigid structure with mechanical joints and then adds actuators and sensors, with the design of controls only following as an afterthought. The objective of this research is a systems approach to synthesis of mechanism, structure, actuation, and sensing, thereby advancing from traditional mechanical design to automated compliant system design. In previous studies of compliant mechanisms and their synthesis, single-actuator mechanisms have primarily been considered, with the determination of the actuator's type, orientation, size, and location occurring outside of the automated design synthesis, at the designer's option. A new algorithmic framework is presented, in which structural topology and actuator/sensor placement are simultaneously synthesized for adaptive performance. Significantly, this is not a traditional ad hoc method; sensor and actuator placement affect structural topology and vice versa. This is a continuation of our previously reported actuation-placement work [1-2], updated here to include the sensor placement co-synthesis and new tasks in addition to shape change. The methods used include genetic algorithms, graph searches for connectivity, and multiple load cases implemented with linear finite element analysis. Fundamental metrics for the inclusion of embedded components in a multifunctional compliant system are developed and investigated. The essential framework for the integration of controls with compliant mechanisms is established. Specifically, the concepts of controllability and observability, as redefined for compliant systems, are proven as a successful starting point for the design of multifunctional, adaptive systems. These concepts refer to the unique system response for each component (actuator or sensor) it contains. Results are presented for several problems, focusing on the application of shape-morphing aircraft structures. Through examples and design studies, the metrics and the methodology demonstrate that multiple, optimally-placed components indeed offer performance benefits for mechanical systems, in terms of multifunctional execution. Finally, the extension of controllability to address the problem of single-point multi-degree-of-freedom manipulation is performed to show the generalized use of the new methodology in benefitting the design of compliant systems. C1 [Trease, Brian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Trease, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM brian.p.trease@jpl.nasa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4326-0 PY 2009 BP 237 EP 248 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BIZ34 UT WOS:000263946200025 ER PT B AU Tahmasebi, F AF Tahmasebi, Farhad GP ASME TI CLOSED FORM DIMENSIONAL SYNTHESIS OF A HIGH-ACCURACY FOUR-POSITION TILT MECHANISM SO DETC 2008: 32ND ANNUAL MECHANISMS AND ROBOTICS CONFERENCE, VOL. 2, PTS A & B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Mechanisms and Robotics Conference CY AUG 03-06, 2008 CL New York, NY SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB The conceptual and closed-form dimensional synthesis of a high-accuracy four-position tilt mechanism is discussed in detail. The mechanism, which consists of a customized five-bar linkage, is capable of accurately rotating an optical bench, which supports an object such as a space instrument, or another type of similar platform to four required and discrete angular postures. The mechanism is driven by two stepper motors. Due to the special characteristics of the five-bar linkage, even relatively large stepper motor errors produce very minor errors in the four desired angular postures of the optical bench. The dimensional synthesis of the mechanism involves solving a system of four non-linear equations in four unknowns. A methodology is introduced for reducing this system of nonlinear equations to a closed-form quadratic equation in one unknown. A numerical example of the closed-form dimensional synthesis methodology is also presented. C1 NASA Headquarters, Aeronaut Res Mission Directorate, Aviat Safety Program, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Tahmasebi, F (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Aeronaut Res Mission Directorate, Aviat Safety Program, Mail Suite 6J39, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM Farhad.Tahmasebi@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4326-0 PY 2009 BP 597 EP 602 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BIZ34 UT WOS:000263946200063 ER PT B AU Kurtoglu, T Tumer, IY AF Kurtoglu, Tolga Tumer, Irem Y. GP ASME TI A RISK-INFORMED DECISION MAKING METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING FAILURE IMPACT OF EARLY SYSTEM DESIGNS SO DETC2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE , VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-06, 2008 CL New York, NY SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE Risk-Based Design; Decision-Based Design; Functional Modeling; Simulation-Based Design ID FUNCTIONAL BASIS AB In this paper, we introduce a new risk-informed decision-making methodology for use during early design of complex systems. The proposed approach is based on the notion that a failure happens when a functional element in the system does not perform its intended task. Accordingly, risk is defined depending on the role of functionality in accomplishing designed tasks. A simulation-based failure analysis tool is used to analyze functional failures and their impact on overall system functionality. The analysis results are then integrated into a decision-making framework that relates the impact of functional failures and their propagation to decision making in order to system level design decisions. With the help of the proposed methodology, a multitude of failure scenarios can be quickly analyzed to determine the effects of decisions on overall system risk. Using this decision-making approach, design teams can systematically explore risks and vulnerabilities during early, functional stage of system development prior to the selection of specific components. Application of the presented method to a reservoir system design demonstrates these capabilities. C1 [Kurtoglu, Tolga] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kurtoglu, T (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM tolga.kurtoglu@nasa.gov; irem.tumer@oregonstate.edu NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4328-4 PY 2009 BP 457 EP 467 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BKP53 UT WOS:000268879900044 ER PT S AU Yang, JZ Feng, XM Kim, JH Xiang, YJ Rajulu, S AF Yang, Jingzhou (James) Feng, Xuemei Kim, Joo H. Xiang, Yujiang Rajulu, Sudhakar BE Duffy, VG TI Joint Coupling for Human Shoulder Complex SO DIGITAL HUMAN MODELING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Digital Human Modeling held at the HCI International 2009 CY JUL 19-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA DE Human shoulder; joint motion coupling; joint limit coupling; shoulder rhythm; Euler angles; DH method ID ARM-REACHABLE WORKSPACE; MODEL; KINEMATICS; RHYTHM AB In this paper, we present an inverse kinematics method to determining human shoulder joint motion coupling relationship based on experimental data in the literature. The joint coupling relationship is available in the literature, but it is an Euler-angle-based relationship. This work focuses on transferring Euler-angle-based coupling equations into a relationship based on the Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) method. We use analytical inverse kinematics to achieve the transferring. Euler angles are obtained for static positions with intervals of 15 degrees, and the elevation angle of the arm varied between 0 and 120 degrees. For a specific posture, we can choose points on clavicle, scapula, and humerus and represent the end-effector positions based on Euler angles or DH method. For both systems, the end-effectors have the same Cartesian positions. Solving these equations related to end-effector positions yields DH joint angles for that posture. The new joint motion coupling relationship is obtained by polynomial and cosine fitting of the DH joint angles for all different postures. C1 [Yang, Jingzhou (James)] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Feng, Xuemei] Wuhan Univ Technol, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Kim, Joo H.; Xiang, Yujiang] Univ Iowa, Ctr Comp Aided Design, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Rajulu, Sudhakar] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Yang, JZ (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM james.yang@ttu.edu RI Yang, James/G-9801-2012; Kim, Joo/I-9517-2012 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-02808-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5620 BP 72 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BKR86 UT WOS:000269037100009 ER PT S AU Gore, BF Hooey, BL Wickens, CD Scott-Nash, S AF Gore, Brian F. Hooey, Becky L. Wickens, Christopher D. Scott-Nash, Shelly BE Duffy, VG TI A Computational Implementation of a Human Attention Guiding Mechanism in MIDAS v5 SO DIGITAL HUMAN MODELING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Digital Human Modeling held at the HCI International 2009 CY JUL 19-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA DE Human Performance Modeling; Modeling Attention; MIDAS v5; SEEV AB In complex human-machine systems, the human operator is often required to intervene to detect and solve problems. Given this increased reliance on the human in these critical human-machine systems, there is an increasing need to validly predict how operators allocate their Visual attention. This paper describes the information-seeking (attention-guiding) model within the Man-machine Integration Design and Analysis System (MIDAS) v5 software - a predictive model that uses the Salience, Effort, Expectancy and Value (SEEV) of an area of interest to guide a person's attention. The paper highlights the differences between using a probabilistic fixation approach and the SEEV approach in MIDAS to drive attention. C1 [Gore, Brian F.; Hooey, Becky L.] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Res Fdn, MS 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Wickens, Christopher D.; Scott-Nash, Shelly] Alion Sci & Technol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Gore, BF (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Res Fdn, MS 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Brian.F.Gore@nasa.gov; Becky.L.Hooey@nasa.gov; cwickens@alionscience.com; sscott-nash@alionscience.com NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-02808-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5620 BP 237 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BKR86 UT WOS:000269037100026 ER PT S AU Benson, E Rajulu, S AF Benson, Elizabeth Rajulu, Sudhakar BE Duffy, VG TI Complexity of Sizing for Space Suit Applications SO DIGITAL HUMAN MODELING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Digital Human Modeling held at the HCI International 2009 CY JUL 19-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA AB The 'fit' of a garment is often considered to be a subjective measure of garment quality. However, some experts attest that a complaint of poor garment fit is a symptom of inadequate or excessive ease, the space between the garment and the wearer. Fit has traditionally been hard to quantify, and space suits are an extreme example, where fit is difficult to measure but crucial for safety and operability. A proper space suit fit is particularly challenging because of NASA's desire to fit an incredibly diverse population (males and females from the 1(st) to 99(th) percentile) while developing a minimum number of space suit sizes. Because so few sizes are available, the available space suits must be optimized so that each fits a large segment of the Population without compromising the fit of any one wearer. C1 [Benson, Elizabeth] MEI Technol, 2525 Bay Area Blvd 300, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Rajulu, Sudhakar] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Benson, E (reprint author), MEI Technol, 2525 Bay Area Blvd 300, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM Elizabeth.Benson@NASA.gov; Sudhakar.Rajulu-1@NASA.gov FU EVA Project Office; Pressure Garment group at NASA FX The writers of this paper would like to acknowledge Amy Ross and Terry Hill of the Pressure Garment group at NASA, as well as Scott Cupples and Brian Johnson of the EVA Project Office, for their funding and support. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-02808-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5620 BP 599 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BKR86 UT WOS:000269037100063 ER PT J AU Golden, J Chuang, WC Stefanov, WL AF Golden, Jay Chuang, W. C. Stefanov, W. L. TI Enhanced Classifications of Engineered Paved Surfaces for Urban System Modeling SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Urban systems; Land cover; Surface energy budgets ID MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL MODEL; LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; HEAT-STORAGE; TEMPERATURES; INFORMATION; IMPACT AB There is a greater need than ever for the ability to accurately model urban system impacts resulting around the planet. Rapid urbanization is transforming landscapes from vegetation to an engineered infrastructure and thus altering land cover and land use. These alterations impact urban and global climate change, energy demand, human health, and ecological service functions. This article presents an overview of a refined land-cover classification protocol that seeks to refine current land-cover classifications of engineered paved surfaces. This new approach provides those who model urban systems and engineer the environment as well as other scientists and policy makers an expanded understanding of how intervention to the system can most effectively be accomplished through enhanced modeling. An object-oriented analysis regime is presented for an industrial park utilizing commercial software in conjunction with multispectral [Graphics] and panchromatic Quickbird satellite imagery. A detailed examination of hot-mix asphalt paved surfaces was undertaken in relation to the materials' engineered function such as various types of streets, parking, etc. The results were validated using a commercial raster graphics editor and data analysis software as well as on-site inspections. An overall accuracy of 95% was achieved. C1 [Golden, Jay; Chuang, W. C.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Golden, Jay] Arizona State Univ, Natl Ctr Excellence SMART Innovat Urban Climate &, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Stefanov, W. L.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Image Sci & Anal Lab, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Golden, J (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, POB 875502, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jay.golden@asu.edu FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Urban Heat Island Initiative [EP06H000497]; National Center for Environmental Health at the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [30-07184-03 CDC/Task, 0078]; National Center of Excellence on SMART Innovations for Urban Climate and Energy FX This work was supported in part by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Urban Heat Island Initiative (Number EP06H000497), the National Center for Environmental Health at the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Contract 30-07184-03 CDC/Task Order 0078), and the National Center of Excellence on SMART Innovations for Urban Climate and Energy (www.asuSMART.org). NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2009 VL 13 AR 5 DI 10.1175/2009EI274.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 463BQ UT WOS:000267403800001 ER PT J AU Mitchard, ETA Saatchi, SS Gerard, FF Lewis, SL Meir, P AF Mitchard, E. T. A. Saatchi, S. S. Gerard, F. F. Lewis, S. L. Meir, P. TI Measuring Woody Encroachment along a Forest-Savanna Boundary in Central Africa SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Woody encroachment; Ecotone; Change detection ID RAIN-FOREST; VEGETATION COVER; SEASONAL DYNAMICS; WEST-AFRICA; CERRADO; EXPANSION; CLIMATE; MODIS; FIRE; INVASION AB Changes in net area of tropical forest are the sum of several processes: deforestation, regeneration of previously deforested areas, and the changing spatial location of the forest-savanna boundary. The authors conducted a long-term (1986-2006) quantification of vegetation change in a 5400 km(2) forest-savanna boundary area in central Cameroon. A cross-calibrated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) change detection method was used to compare three high-resolution images from 1986, 2000, and 2006. The canopy dimensions and locations of over 1000 trees in the study area were measured, and a very strong relationship between canopy area index (CAI) and NDVI was found. Across 5400 km(2) 12.6% of the area showed significant positive change in canopy cover from 1986 to 2000 (0.9% yr(-1)) and 7.8% from 2000 to 2006 (1.29% yr(-1)), whereas <0.4% of the image showed a significant decrease in either period. The largest changes were in the lower canopy cover classes: the area with <0.2 m(2) m(-2) CAI decreased by 43% in 20 years. One cause may be a recent reduction in fire frequency, as documented by Along Track Scanning Radiometer-2/Advanced ATSR (ATSR-2/AATSR) data on fire frequency over the study area from 1996 to 2006. The authors suggest this is due to a reduction in human pressure caused by urbanization, as rainfall did not alter significantly over the study period. An alternative hypothesis is that increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations are altering the competitive balance between grasses and trees. These data add to a growing weight of evidence that forest encroachment into savanna is an important process, occurring in forest savanna boundary regions across tropical Africa. C1 [Mitchard, E. T. A.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Geog, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland. [Saatchi, S. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Gerard, F. F.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford, Oxon, England. [Lewis, S. L.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Earth & Biosphere Inst, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Mitchard, ETA (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Inst Geog, Sch Geosci, Drummond St, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland. RI Mitchard, Edward/C-6346-2009; Gerard, France/D-8428-2012; Meir, Patrick/J-8344-2012; OI Mitchard, Edward/0000-0002-5690-4055; Lewis, Simon/0000-0002-8066-6851 NR 64 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2009 VL 13 AR 8 DI 10.1175/2009EI278.1 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 489SC UT WOS:000269441700001 ER PT J AU Forbes, JM Zhang, XL Palo, SE Russell, J Mertens, CJ Mlynczak, M AF Forbes, Jeffrey M. Zhang, Xiaoli Palo, Scott E. Russell, James Mertens, Christopher J. Mlynczak, Martin TI Kelvin waves in stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere temperatures as observed by TIMED/SABER during 2002-2006 SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Atmosphere CY MAR 20-23, 2007 CL Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Univ DE SABER (Sounding the Atmosphere using Broadband Emissioni Radiometry); TIMED (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics); Ultra-Fast Kelvin Waves (UFKW); Intra-seasonal oscillation (ISO); Eliassen-Palm Flux Divergences (EPFD) ID EQUATORIAL MESOSPHERE; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; RADIOSONDE; PACIFIC; MIDDLE; RADAR AB Temperature measurements front the SABER instrument oil file TIMED spacecraft are used to elucidate the properties of Kelvin waves and other equatorial oscillations over the altitude range 20-120 kill during 2002-2006. The dominant Kelvin waves transition from long periods (5-10 days) and short wavelengths (9-13 km) in the stratosphere. to shorter periods (2-3 days) and longer wavelengths (35-45 km) in the 80-120 km height region. Ultra-Fast Kelvin Waves (UFKW) with periods of 2.5-4.5 clays intermittently exist at amplitudes of order 3-10 K between 80-120 km during all months of the year. with variability at periods typically in the 20-60 day range. An Intra-seasonal oscillation (ISO) of zonal mean temperatures also exists with periods 20-60 clays that may be driven by Eliassen-Palm Flux Divergences (EPFD) duck at least in part, to UFKW and migrating diurnal tides. C1 [Forbes, Jeffrey M.; Zhang, Xiaoli; Palo, Scott E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Russell, James] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Mertens, Christopher J.; Mlynczak, Martin] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 22681 USA. RP Forbes, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, UCB 429, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM forbes@colorado.edu RI Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; OI FORBES, JEFFREY/0000-0001-6937-0796; PALO, SCOTT/0000-0002-4729-4929 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1880-5981 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 447 EP 453 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 471KT UT WOS:000268057300007 ER PT J AU Takahashi, H Abdu, MA Wrasse, CM Fechine, J Batista, IS Pancheva, D Lima, LM Batista, PP Clemesha, BR Shiokawa, K Gobbi, D Mlynczak, MG Russell, JM AF Takahashi, H. Abdu, M. A. Wrasse, C. M. Fechine, J. Batista, I. S. Pancheva, D. Lima, L. M. Batista, P. P. Clemesha, B. R. Shiokawa, K. Gobbi, D. Mlynczak, M. G. Russell, J. M. TI Possible influence of ultra-fast Kelvin wave on the equatorial ionosphere evening uplifting SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Atmosphere CY MAR 20-23, 2007 CL Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Univ DE Equatorial ionosphere; mesosphere; planetary waves; Kelvin wave ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; MESOSPHERE; ENHANCEMENT; PENETRATION; OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSIONS AB Equatorial 3.5-day Ultra-fast Kelvin wave was observed in file MLT zonal wind measured by meteor radar at Cariri (7.4 degrees S. 36.5 degrees W, geomag. 8 degrees S) and in the stratosphere-mesosphere temperature structures from the TIMED/SABER data. The ionospheric F-layer bottom-side virtual height h' F and the critical frequency f(o)F(2) observed at Fortaleza (3.9 degrees S, 38.4 degrees W, geomag. 5 degrees S) also showed similar oscillation structures, indicating an influence of the Kelvin wave in the F region height and modulation of E x B uplifting during the evening period. Consequently the ionospheric spread F onset time was also modulated in the same period, around 4 days. C1 [Takahashi, H.; Abdu, M. A.; Fechine, J.; Batista, I. S.; Batista, P. P.; Clemesha, B. R.; Gobbi, D.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, INPE, BR-12201 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Wrasse, C. M.] Univ Vale Paraiba, UNIVAP, IP&D, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Pancheva, D.] Univ Bath, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Lima, L. M.] Univ Estadual Paraiba, Dept Fis, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. [Shiokawa, K.] Nagoya Univ, STEL, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Aichi, Japan. [Mlynczak, M. G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Russell, J. M.] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Takahashi, H (reprint author), Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, INPE, BR-12201 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. EM hisaotak@laser.inpe.br RI Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; Takahashi, Hisao/C-5299-2013; Wrasse, Cristiano/N-6556-2013; Batista, Paulo/C-2616-2009; Batista, Inez/F-2899-2012 OI Batista, Paulo/0000-0002-5448-5803; NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 455 EP 462 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 471KT UT WOS:000268057300008 ER PT J AU Tsurutani, BT Shibata, K Akasofu, SI Oka, M AF Tsurutani, Bruce T. Shibata, Kazunari Akasofu, Syun-Ichi Oka, Mitsuo TI A two-step scenario for both solar flares and magnetospheric substorms: Short duration energy storage SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Solar Flares, Magnetospheric Substorms CY MAR 18-20, 2007 CL Fairbanks, AK SP CAWSES, Univ Alaska DE Solar flares; substorms; magnetic storms; magnetic reconnection ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; TRIGGER MECHANISM; RECONNECTION; MODEL; FLUX; MOTIONS; EVENTS; ARCADE; ONSET AB The basic observations for magnetic storms and substorms at Earth and for flares at the Sun are reviewed for background. We present a common scenario Of double magnetic reconnection for both substorms and flares based oil previous interplanetary observations and substorm-triggering results. Central to the scenario is that the first magnetic reconnection phase is the Source of energy loading for possible substorms and flares. The energy placed in the magnetotail or magnetosphere/at the sun lasts for only a short duration Of time however. The energy gets dissipates away rapidly (in some less dramatic form). This scenario predicts that if the initial reconnection process is Sufficiently intense and rapid, concomitant substorms and flares occur Soon thereafter. If the energy input is less rapid, there may be lengthy delays for the Onset of substorms and flares. If external influences (shocks, etc.) occur during the latter energy buildup, the 'trigger" will cause a sudden release of this energy. The model also explains reconnection Without subsequent substorms and flares. The model addresses the question why strong triggering events are sometimes ineffective. C1 [Tsurutani, Bruce T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Shibata, Kazunari] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. [Akasofu, Syun-Ichi] Univ Alaska, IARC, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Oka, Mitsuo] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Tsurutani, BT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM bruce.tsurutani@jpl.nasa.gov NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2009 VL 61 IS 5 BP 555 EP 559 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 480OL UT WOS:000268745500002 ER PT J AU Guarnieri, FL Tsurutani, BT Echer, E AF Guarnieri, F. L. Tsurutani, B. T. Echer, E. TI The interplanetary magnetic decrease automatic detection (IMDAD) code SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Solar Flares, Magnetospheric Substorms CY MAR 18-20, 2007 CL Fairbanks, AK SP CAWSES, Univ Alaska DE Interplanetary magnetic decreases; solar wind; Alfven waves ID SOLAR-WIND; FIELD; HOLES; MAGNETOPAUSE; WAVES AB A new code, called the interplanetary magnetic decrease (MD) automatic detection (IMDAD) code, has been developed to enable researchers in the field to rapidly identify MD events for further analyses. The criterion used for MD selection is B(min) < X B(0), where X is it variable value and B(0) is the ambient magnetic field magnitude. The code call be applied to data sets from different instruments/missions located in different space plasma environments in the heliosphere. The code has been tested during slow solar wind, fast solar wind and CIR intervals at similar to 5 AU (from November 28 to December 03, 1992). For this test, we used a sliding window with it width of 300 seconds applied to 1-second high-resolution magnetic field data. The events identified by the code have been confirmed by hand analyses. The routine was able to identify 57 of the 118 MDs identified by hand (similar to 50%). The selection criteria for IMDAD and hand-analyses MDs were not exactly the same, accounting for the different rates of occurrence. What is particularly, encouraging is that IMDAD did not falsely identify any events. The discrepancies between the two methods are discussed in the text. This code will be made available to the general public. C1 [Guarnieri, F. L.] Univ Vale Paraiba UNIVAP, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Tsurutani, B. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Echer, E.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. RP Guarnieri, FL (reprint author), Univ Vale Paraiba UNIVAP, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. EM guarnieri@univap.br NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2009 VL 61 IS 5 BP 585 EP 588 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 480OL UT WOS:000268745500009 ER PT J AU Marubashi, K Sung, SK Cho, KS Lepping, RP AF Marubashi, Katsuhide Sung, Suk-Kyung Cho, Kyung-Suk Lepping, Ronald P. TI Impacts of torus model on studies of geometrical relationships between interplanetary magnetic clouds and their solar origins SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Solar Flares, Magnetospheric Substorms CY MAR 18-20, 2007 CL Fairbanks, AK SP CAWSES, Univ Alaska DE Interplanetary magnetic clouds; magnetic field structures; solar origins; geometrical relationships ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; FILAMENTS; FIELDS; WIND; ORIENTATION; SUN AB Our recent analysis of interplanetary magnetic clouds (MCs) showed that the orientations of MC axes determined by a model fitting with Curvature of MCs taken into account (referred to as a torus model, hereafter) call be significantly different from those obtained from fittings with a straight cylinder model. Motivated by this finding, we re-examined geometrical relationships between magnetic field structures of MCs and their solar origins. This paper describes the results of the re-examination with special attention paid to two MC events, for which different orientations of MC axes were obtained from a torus model and a cylinder model. For both cases, it is shown that the torus models give the MC geometries of magnetic field Structures ill good agreement With those of coronal arcade structures which were formed in association with the launch of MCs along the magnetic field inversion lines. Summarizing the analysis results for 12 MCs investigated here, we conclude that: (1) the formation of coronal arcade structure is a good indication of MC formation: (2) MC geometries call be obtained that are consistent with the coronal arcades with respect to the axis orientation and the magnetic field structure including chirality, indicating that no significant direction changes Occurred during the propagation of MCs through the interplanetary medium. C1 [Marubashi, Katsuhide; Sung, Suk-Kyung; Cho, Kyung-Suk] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Div Space Sci, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Lepping, Ronald P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Marubashi, K (reprint author), Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Div Space Sci, Taejon 305348, South Korea. EM kmaru@kasi.re.kr NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2009 VL 61 IS 5 BP 589 EP 594 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 480OL UT WOS:000268745500010 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N AF Gopalswamy, Nat TI Halo coronal mass ejections and geomagnetic storms SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Solar Flares, Magnetospheric Substorms CY MAR 18-20, 2007 CL Fairbanks, AK SP CAWSES, Univ Alaska DE Coronal mass ejections; geomagnetic storms; geoeffectiveness; halo CMEs ID INTERPLANETARY; SOLAR AB In this letter, I show that the discrepancies ill the geoeffectiveness of halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) reported in the literature arise due to the varied definitions of halo CMES used by different authors. In particular, I show that the low geoeffectiveness rate is a direct consequence of including partial halo CMEs. The geoeffectiveness of partial halo CMEs is lower because they are of low speed and likely to make a glancing impact on Earth. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Nat.Gopalswamy@nasa.gov RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; OI Gopalswamy, Nat/0000-0001-5894-9954 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 EI 1880-5981 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2009 VL 61 IS 5 BP 595 EP 597 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 480OL UT WOS:000268745500011 ER PT J AU Verkhoglyadova, OP Tsurutani, BT Omura, Y Yagitani, S AF Verkhoglyadova, Olga P. Tsurutani, Bruce T. Omura, Y. Yagitani, S. TI Properties of dayside nonlinear rising tone chorus emissions at large L observed by GEOTAIL SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Solar Flares, Magnetospheric Substorms CY MAR 18-20, 2007 CL Fairbanks, AK SP CAWSES, Univ Alaska DE Chorus emissions; wave-particle interactions; electron acceleration ID WAVE-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS; RELATIVISTIC ENERGIES; ACCELERATION; ELECTRONS AB This paper studies some wave properties of nonlinear rising tone chorus emissions ill the Outer regions of the dayside equatorial magnetosphere at similar to(6.3, -4.7, 0.7 R(E)) in GSE coordinates. We analyze data obtained with the PWI and WFC receivers on GEOTAIL associated With a substorm oil April 29, 1993. Fine structure Of the Chorus elements and inter-element spacings are shown. Directions of propagation of the chorus elements relative to the local magnetic field lines are analyzed. Wave polarizations, intensities and Spectral properties of chorus in the equatorial Earth's magnetosphere are discussed. C1 [Verkhoglyadova, Olga P.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Verkhoglyadova, Olga P.; Omura, Y.] Kyoto Univ, RISH, Kyoto, Japan. [Tsurutani, Bruce T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Yagitani, S.] Kanazawa Univ, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. RP Verkhoglyadova, OP (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM olgav@ucr.edu RI Omura, Yoshiharu/P-8565-2014; OI Omura, Yoshiharu/0000-0002-6683-3940; Verkhoglyadova, Olga/0000-0002-9295-9539 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2009 VL 61 IS 5 BP 625 EP 628 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 480OL UT WOS:000268745500018 ER PT S AU Chamis, CC Gotsis, PK AF Chamis, C. C. Gotsis, P. K. BE Phocas, M Brebbia, CA Komodromos, P TI Composite multiscale mechanics for composite enhanced concrete structures SO EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT ENGINEERING STRUCTURES VII SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Earthquake Resistant Enginerring Structures CY MAY 11-13, 2009 CL Limassol, CYPRUS SP Wessex Inst Technol, WIT Transact Ecol & Environm DE arches; domes; finite element; composite mechanics; displacements; stresses; buckling modes; vibration modes AB A new and effective method is described for designing composites to repair damage or enhance the overload strength of concrete infrastructures. The method is based on composite mechanics, which is available in computer codes. It is used to simulate structural sections made from reinforced concrete, which are typical in infrastructure, as well as to select reinforced concrete structures. The structural sections are represented by a number of layers through the thickness where different layers are used in concrete, and for the composite. The reinforced concrete structures are represented with finite elements where the element stiffness parameters are from the structural sections, which are represented by composite mechanics. The load carrying capability of the structure is determined by progressive structural fractural. Results show improvements of up to 40% for damage and for overload enhancement with relatively small laminate thickness for the structural sections and up to three times for the composite enhanced select structures (arches and domes). C1 [Chamis, C. C.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Chamis, CC (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1746-4498 BN 978-1-84564-180-1 J9 WIT TRANS BUILT ENV PY 2009 VL 104 BP 395 EP 407 DI 10.2495/ERES090361 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BKU22 UT WOS:000269257900036 ER PT J AU Rockstrom, J Steffen, W Noone, K Persson, A Chapin, FS Lambin, E Lenton, TM Scheffer, M Folke, C Schellnhuber, HJ Nykvist, B de Wit, CA Hughes, T van der Leeuw, S Rodhe, H Sorlin, S Snyder, PK Costanza, R Svedin, U Falkenmark, M Karlberg, L Corell, RW Fabry, VJ Hansen, J Walker, B Liverman, D Richardson, K Crutzen, P Foley, J AF Rockstrom, Johan Steffen, Will Noone, Kevin Persson, Asa Chapin, F. Stuart, III Lambin, Eric Lenton, Timothy M. Scheffer, Marten Folke, Carl Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim Nykvist, Bjorn de Wit, Cynthia A. Hughes, Terry van der Leeuw, Sander Rodhe, Henning Sorlin, Sverker Snyder, Peter K. Costanza, Robert Svedin, Uno Falkenmark, Malin Karlberg, Louise Corell, Robert W. Fabry, Victoria J. Hansen, James Walker, Brian Liverman, Diana Richardson, Katherine Crutzen, Paul Foley, Jonathan TI Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric aerosol loading; biogeochemical nitrogen cycle; biological diversity; chemical pollution; climate change; Earth; global freshwater use; land system change; ocean acidification; phosphorus cycle; planetary boundaries; stratospheric ozone; sustainability ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; REGIME SHIFTS; CORAL-REEFS; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; WATER-RESOURCES; FOOD-PRODUCTION AB Anthropogenic pressures on the Earth System have reached a scale where abrupt global environmental change can no longer be excluded. We propose a new approach to global sustainability in which we define planetary boundaries within which we expect that humanity can operate safely. Transgressing one or more planetary boundaries may be deleterious or even catastrophic due to the risk of crossing thresholds that will trigger non-linear, abrupt environmental change within continental- to planetary-scale systems. We have identified nine planetary boundaries and, drawing upon current scientific understanding, we propose quantifications for seven of them. These seven are climate change (CO2 concentration in the atmosphere <350 ppm and/or a maximum change of +1 W m(-2) in radiative forcing); ocean acidification (mean surface seawater saturation state with respect to aragonite >= 80% of pre-industrial levels); stratospheric ozone (<5% reduction in O-3 concentration from pre-industrial level of 290 Dobson Units); biogeochemical nitrogen (N) cycle (limit industrial and agricultural fixation of N-2 to 35 Tg N yr(-1)) and phosphorus (P) cycle (annual P inflow to oceans not to exceed 10 times the natural background weathering of P); global freshwater use (<4000 km(3) yr(-1) of consumptive use of runoff resources); land system change (<15% of the ice-free land surface under cropland); and the rate at which biological diversity is lost (annual rate of <10 extinctions per million species). The two additional planetary boundaries for which we have not yet been able to determine a boundary level are chemical pollution and atmospheric aerosol loading. We estimate that humanity has already transgressed three planetary boundaries: for climate change, rate of biodiversity loss, and changes to the global nitrogen cycle. Planetary boundaries are interdependent, because transgressing one may both shift the position of other boundaries or cause them to be transgressed. The social impacts of transgressing boundaries will be a function of the social-ecological resilience of the affected societies. Our proposed boundaries are rough, first estimates only, surrounded by large uncertainties and knowledge gaps. Filling these gaps will require major advancements in Earth System and resilience science. The proposed concept of "planetary boundaries" lays the groundwork for shifting our approach to governance and management, away from the essentially sectoral analyses of limits to growth aimed at minimizing negative externalities, toward the estimation of the safe space for human development. Planetary boundaries define, as it were, the boundaries of the "planetary playing field" for humanity if we want to be sure of avoiding major human-induced environmental change on a global scale. C1 [Rockstrom, Johan; Steffen, Will; Noone, Kevin; Persson, Asa; Folke, Carl; Nykvist, Bjorn; Costanza, Robert; Svedin, Uno; Falkenmark, Malin; Karlberg, Louise; Walker, Brian] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, Stockholm, Sweden. [Rockstrom, Johan; Persson, Asa; Nykvist, Bjorn; Karlberg, Louise] Stockholm Environm Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. [Steffen, Will] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Noone, Kevin; de Wit, Cynthia A.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. [Chapin, F. Stuart, III] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Lambin, Eric] Univ Louvain, Dept Geog, Louvain, Belgium. [Lenton, Timothy M.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Scheffer, Marten] Wageningen Univ, Aquat Ecol & Water Qual Management Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Folke, Carl] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Beijer Inst Ecol Econ, Stockholm, Sweden. [Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Potsdam, Germany. [Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim] Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim] Univ Oxford, Tyndall Ctr, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Hughes, Terry] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [van der Leeuw, Sander] Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Rodhe, Henning] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Sorlin, Sverker] Royal Inst Technol, Div Hist Sci & Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Snyder, Peter K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Costanza, Robert] Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Falkenmark, Malin] Stockholm Int Water Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. [Corell, Robert W.] Calif State Univ San Marcos, H John Heinz III Ctr Sci Econ & Environm, San Marcos, CA USA. [Fabry, Victoria J.] Calif State Univ San Marcos, Dept Biol Sci, San Marcos, CA USA. [Hansen, James] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Washington, DC USA. [Walker, Brian] Univ Arizona, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Liverman, Diana] Univ Arizona, Environm Change Inst, Sch Geog & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Liverman, Diana] Univ Arizona, Inst Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Richardson, Katherine] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Crutzen, Paul] Univ Minnesota, Max Planck Inst Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Foley, Jonathan] Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Rockstrom, J (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, Stockholm, Sweden. RI Steffen, Will/C-7651-2011; Walker, Brian/F-2386-2011; Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim/B-2607-2012; Scheffer, Marten/C-1852-2012; Crutzen, Paul/F-6044-2012; de Wit, Cynthia/J-8063-2012; Snyder, Peter/H-3063-2013; Quinn, Patrick/B-5489-2010; Hughes, Terry/L-4721-2013; Richardson, Katherine/D-7592-2014; Costanza, Robert/A-4912-2008 OI Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim/0000-0001-7453-4935; de Wit, Cynthia/0000-0001-8497-2699; Hughes, Terry/0000-0002-5257-5063; Richardson, Katherine/0000-0003-3785-2787; Costanza, Robert/0000-0001-6348-8734 NR 159 TC 513 Z9 527 U1 95 U2 748 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 2 AR 32 PG 33 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 610CK UT WOS:000278707200010 ER PT B AU Lee, JA AF Lee, Jonathan A. BE Somerday, B Sofronis, P Jones, R TI EFFECTS OF THE DENSITY OF STATES ON THE STACKING FAULT ENERGY AND HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT OF TRANSITION METALS AND ALLOYS SO EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN ON MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Effects of Hydrogen on Materials CY SEP 07-10, 2008 CL Grand Teton Natl Park, WY ID X-RAY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; FE ALLOYS; NI; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; NICKEL; STEELS AB Previously, a quantitative correlation was proposed between the density of states at the Fermi energy level N (E-f) and the hydrogen (H) embrittlement for several transitional metals, binary alloys, and complex alloys. The correlation was based on the d-band electron filling and charge transfer between H electron and metals, which are characterized by the electron-to-atom (e/a) ratio. This paper expands the scope of this theory by reviewing the effects of N (E-f) on the Stacking Fault Energy (SFE), and the correlation between the SFE and H embrittlement for Fe-Ni, Fe-Co, Ni-Co, Ni-W, Cu-Ni and Pd-Ag binary alloys. The paper presents a concept which is contrary to the hydrogen-dislocation transport (HDT) model. According to the HDT model, increasing susceptibility to H embrittlement would occur with decreasing SFE since increased slip planarity would optimize H transport by dislocations to the fracture sites. In this paper, the argument is that metals with low SFE may increase the slip planarity, but it may not necessarily result in increasing susceptibility to H embrittlement. Experimentally, it is found that maximum in H embrittlement does not often coincide with the minimum SFE values for several binary alloy systems. It is proposed that H embrittlement is likely to increase if the value for N (E-f) from the metal is high due to the presence of the unfilled d-states. It is also proposed that the introduction of H electrons into the d-band metals will result in a reduction of high N (E-f) values, thereby, decreasing SFE for metals that are susceptible to H embrittlement. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Mat & Proc Lab, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Lee, JA (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Mat & Proc Lab, Mail Code EM30, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-1-61503-003-3 PY 2009 BP 678 EP 685 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BUG49 UT WOS:000289219200082 ER PT J AU Calle, CI Mazumder, MK Immer, CD Buhler, CR Clements, JS Lundeen, P Chen, A Mantovani, JG AF Calle, C. I. Mazumder, M. K. Immer, C. D. Buhler, C. R. Clements, J. S. Lundeen, P. Chen, A. Mantovani, J. G. BE Green, N TI Controlled particle removal from surfaces by electrodynamic methods for terrestrial, lunar, and Martian environmental conditions SO ELECTROSTATICS 2007 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Electrostatics 2007 Conference CY MAR 25-29, 2007 CL St Catherines Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND HO St Catherines Coll AB An Electrodynamic Dust Shield to remove already deposited micron-size particles from surfaces and to prevent the accumulation of such particles on surfaces has been developed. In addition to terrestrial application, our NASA laboratory is adapting this technology for the dusty and harsh environments of the Moon and Mars. The Apollo missions to the moon showed that lunar dust can hamper astronaut surface activities due to its ability to cling to most surfaces. NASA's Mars exploration landers and rovers have also shown that the problem is equally hard if not harder on Mars. In this paper, we show that an appropriate design can prevent the electrostatic breakdown at the low Martian atmospheric pressures. We are also able to show that uncharged dust can be lifted and removed from surfaces under simulated Martian environmental conditions. This technology has many potential benefits for removing dust from visors, viewports and many other surfaces as well as from solar arrays. We have also been able to develop a version of the electrodynamic dust shield working under hard vacuum conditions. This version should work well on the moon. We present data on the design and optimization of both types of dust shields as well substantial data on the clearing factors for transparent dust shields designed to protect solar panels for Martian exploration. C1 [Calle, C. I.; Mantovani, J. G.] NASA, Electrostat & Surface Phys Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Mazumder, M. K.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Appl Sci, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Immer, C. D.] ASRC, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Clements, J. S.; Lundeen, P.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Phys, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Chen, A.] Univ Oklahoma Baptist, Dept Phys, Oklahoma City, OK 7804 USA. RP Calle, CI (reprint author), NASA, Electrostat & Surface Phys Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM carlos.i.calle@nasa.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 142 AR UNSP 012073 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/142/1/012073 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BLO61 UT WOS:000270678800073 ER PT J AU Luchinsky, DG Tindjong, R Kaufman, I McClintock, PVE Eisenberg, RS AF Luchinsky, D. G. Tindjong, R. Kaufman, I. McClintock, P. V. E. Eisenberg, R. S. BE Green, N TI Ion channels as electrostatic amplifiers of charge fluctuations SO ELECTROSTATICS 2007 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Electrostatics 2007 Conference CY MAR 25-29, 2007 CL St Catherines Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND HO St Catherines Coll ID NARROW MEMBRANE CHANNELS; NERNST-PLANCK THEORY; BROWNIAN DYNAMICS; CONTINUUM-THEORIES; MEAN FORCE; PERMEATION; WATER; POTENTIALS; GRAMICIDIN; PROTEINS AB Electrostatic interactions between ions in an ionic channel and the charge fluctuations in the channel mouth are considered. It is shown that the charge fluctuations can be enhanced in channels of low dielectric constant, resulting in strong modulation of the potential barrier at the selectivity site. It is conjectured that similar effects can alter transition probabilities in other molecular dynamical systems. C1 [Luchinsky, D. G.; Tindjong, R.; McClintock, P. V. E.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England. [Kaufman, I.] Russian Res Inst Metrol Serv, Moscow 119361, Russia. [Eisenberg, R. S.] Rush Med Coll, Dept Mol Biophys & Phys, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Luchinsky, D. G.] NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Luchinsky, DG (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England. EM r.tindjong@lancaster.ac.uk RI Luchinsky, Dmitry/N-4177-2014 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 142 AR UNSP 012049 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/142/1/012049 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BLO61 UT WOS:000270678800049 ER PT J AU Renno, NO Kok, JF Kirkham, H Rogacki, S AF Renno, N. O. Kok, J. F. Kirkham, H. Rogacki, S. BE Green, N TI A miniature sensor for electrical field measurements in dusty planetary atmospheres SO ELECTROSTATICS 2007 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Electrostatics 2007 Conference CY MAR 25-29, 2007 CL St Catherines Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND HO St Catherines Coll ID OXIDANT ENHANCEMENT; STORMS; DEVILS; MILL AB Dusty phenomena such as regular wind-blown dust, dust storms, and dust devils are the most important, currently active, geological processes on Mars. Electric fields larger than 100 kV/m have been measured in terrestrial dusty phenomena. Theoretical calculations predict that, close to the surface, the bulk electric fields in martian dusty phenomena reach the breakdown value of the isolating properties of thin martian air of about a few 10 kV/m. The fact that martian dusty phenomena are electrically active has important implications for dust lifting and atmospheric chemistry. Electric field sensors are usually grounded and distort the electric fields in their vicinity. Grounded sensors also produce large errors when subject to ion currents or impacts from clouds of charged particles. Moreover, they are incapable of providing information about the direction of the electric field, an important quantity. Finally, typical sensors with more than 10 cm of diameter are not capable of measuring electric fields at distances as small as a few cm from the surface. Measurements this close to the surface are necessary for studies of the effects of electric fields on dust lifting. To overcome these shortcomings, we developed the miniature electric-field sensor described in this article. C1 [Renno, N. O.; Rogacki, S.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Renno, N. O.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. [Kok, J. F.] Univ Michigan, Phys Appl Program, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Kirkham, H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Renno, NO (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM renno@alum.mit.edu RI Kok, Jasper/A-9698-2008; OI Kok, Jasper/0000-0003-0464-8325; Kirkham, Harold/0000-0003-2893-7586 FU NSF [ATM 0402738] FX This research was supported by NSF award ATM 0402738. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 142 AR UNSP 012075 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/142/1/012075 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BLO61 UT WOS:000270678800075 ER PT S AU Johnk, RT Ewan, JD McKenna, P Carey, RL DeMinco, N Shalkhauser, KA AF Johnk, Robert T. Ewan, John D. McKenna, Paul Carey, Ronald L. DeMinco, Nicholas Shalkhauser, Kurt A. GP IEEE TI Time-Domain Pulsed Measurements of the NASA Space Power Facility SO EMC 2009: IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, TECHNICAL PAPER SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 17-21, 2009 CL Austin, TX AB This paper describes a recent measurement effort conducted by the Institute for Telecommunication Sciences at a chamber located at the NASA Space Power Facility (SPF) in Sandusky, Ohio. The paper describes the chamber and the measurement system, and provides some selected time- and frequency-domain results. A detailed description of the measurement procedures and post-processing is provided. The results obtained indicate that the SPF chamber exhibits robust reverberant behavior. The flexibility and efficiency of time-domain measurements is also demonstrated. C1 [Johnk, Robert T.; Ewan, John D.; McKenna, Paul; Carey, Ronald L.; DeMinco, Nicholas] NTIA ITS, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shalkhauser, Kurt A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Elect & Electomagnet Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Johnk, RT (reprint author), NTIA ITS, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bjohnk@its.bldrdoc.gov; kurt.a.shalkhauser@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4244-4285-0 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2009 BP 187 EP + DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2009.5284613 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOO04 UT WOS:000277119400035 ER PT B AU Bradley, AT Hare, RJ AF Bradley, Arthur T. Hare, Richard J. GP IEEE TI Effectiveness of Shield Termination Techniques Tested with TEM Cell and Bulk Current Injection SO EMC 2009: IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, TECHNICAL PAPER SE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 17-21, 2009 CL Austin, TX AB This paper presents experimental results of the effectiveness of various shield termination techniques. Each termination technique is evaluated by two independent noise injection methods; transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell operated from 3 MHz - 400 MHz, and bulk current injection (BCI) operated from 50 kHz - 400 MHz. Both single carrier and broadband injection tests were investigated. Recommendations as to how to achieve the best shield transfer impedance (i.e. reduced coupled noise) are made based on the empirical data. Finally, the noise injection techniques themselves are indirectly evaluated by comparing the results obtained from the TEM Cell to those from BCI. C1 [Bradley, Arthur T.; Hare, Richard J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Bradley, AT (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 5 N Dryden,MS488, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM arthur.t.bradley@nasa.gov; richard.j.hare@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4285-0 J9 INT SYMP ELEC COMPAT PY 2009 BP 223 EP 228 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2009.5284714 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOO04 UT WOS:000277119400042 ER PT B AU Antonelis, GA AF Antonelis, George Anthony BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Rookeries SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EVOLUTION C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Antonelis, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 986 EP 988 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200209 ER PT J AU Joshi, P Xie, Y Ropp, M Galipeau, D Bailey, S Qiao, QQ AF Joshi, Prakash Xie, Yu Ropp, Mike Galipeau, David Bailey, Shelia Qiao, Qiquan TI Dye-sensitized solar cells based on low cost nanoscale carbon/TiO2 composite counter electrode SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TIO2 FILMS; PERFORMANCE AB A dye-sensitized solar cell based on low cost nanoscale carbon/TiO2 composite counter electrode was fabricated and its photovoltaic performance (eta = 5.5%, AM 1.5, 91.5 mW cm(-2)) was comparable to that from platinum counter-electrode devices (eta = 6.4%, AM 1.5, 91.5 mW cm(-2)) made at similar conditions. C1 [Joshi, Prakash; Xie, Yu; Ropp, Mike; Galipeau, David; Qiao, Qiquan] S Dakota State Univ, Ctr Adv Photovalta, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Bailey, Shelia] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Joshi, P (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Ctr Adv Photovalta, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Qiquan.Qiao@sdstate.edu RI Xie, Yu/C-6740-2015 OI Xie, Yu/0000-0002-8862-4541 FU South Dakota NSF EPSCoR; South Dakota NASA EPSCoR FX The authors would like to acknowledge the South Dakota NSF EPSCoR program and South Dakota NASA EPSCoR program for financial support. The authors would also like to acknowledge Dr Hao Fong and Dr Lifeng Zhang for the assistance with SEM images. In addition, the authors would like to thank Dr Mahdi Farrokh Baroughi for the I-V curve measurement. NR 18 TC 134 Z9 136 U1 3 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 4 BP 426 EP 429 DI 10.1039/b815947p PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 430GZ UT WOS:000264978400010 ER PT B AU Lewandowski, BE Kilgore, KL Gustafson, KJ AF Lewandowski, B. E. Kilgore, K. L. Gustafson, K. J. BE Priya, S Inman, DJ TI Feasibility of an Implantable, Stimulated Muscle-Powered Piezoelectric Generator as a Power Source for Implanted Medical Devices SO ENERGY HARVESTING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PERIPHERAL-NERVE STIMULATION; CONDITIONED SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SPINAL-CORD INJURIES; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; CERAMIC IMPLANTS; PREDICTS; FATIGUE; INVIVO; FORCE; RESTORATION AB A piezoelectric energy generator that is driven by stimulated muscle and is implantable into the human body is under development for use as a self-replenishing power source for implanted electronic medical devices. The generator concept includes connecting a piezoelectric stack generator in series with a muscle tendon unit. The motor nerve is electrically activated causing muscle contraction force to strain the piezoelectric material resulting in charge generation that is stored in a load capacitor. Some of the generated charge is used to power the nerve stimulations and the excess is used to power ail implanted device. The generator concept is based on the hypothesis that more electrical power call be converted from stimulated muscle contractions than is needed for the stimulations, a physiological phenomenon that to our knowledge has not previously been utilized. Such a generator is a potential solution to sonic of the limitations of power systems currently used with implanted devices. C1 [Lewandowski, B. E.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Biosci & Technol Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Lewandowski, B. E.; Kilgore, K. L.; Gustafson, K. J.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Kilgore, K. L.] Metro Hlth Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA. [Kilgore, K. L.; Gustafson, K. J.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Louis Stokes Cleveland Dept, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Lewandowski, BE (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Biosci & Technol Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM beth.e.lewandowski@nasa.gov OI Kilgore, Kevin/0000-0002-2642-9855 NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-0-387-76463-4 PY 2009 BP 389 EP 404 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-76464-1_15 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-76464-1 PG 16 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BKI95 UT WOS:000268240100015 ER PT J AU Gradl, PR Youngblood, AD Componation, PJ Gholston, SE AF Gradl, Paul R. Youngblood, Alisha D. Componation, Paul J. Gholston, Sampson E. TI CONSIDERING RISK WITHIN NET PRESENT VALUE: CALCULATIONS FOR GOVERNMENT PROJECTS SO ENGINEERING ECONOMIST LA English DT Article AB The vision for space includes Shuttle retirement by 2010 and development of new launch vehicles; however, budget increases are not projected. To control costs additional insight into cost factors early in the system life cycle is needed. This article reports on a new launch vehicle upper-stage engine trade study where insight into cost factors was gained by using net present value and applying a set of risk factors to incorporate the risks inherent to key system life cycle phases. A matrix is presented that provides a general framework for assessing these risk levels. This approach shows the effects of various cost factors on the system cost and requires modest resource expenditures for the analysis itself. C1 [Youngblood, Alisha D.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Management, Ind Engn Program, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Gradl, Paul R.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Engn Directorate, Prop Div,MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Componation, Paul J.; Gholston, Sampson E.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Youngblood, AD (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Management, Ind Engn Program, 100 Inst Rd, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM Alisha.youngblood@gmail.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0013-791X J9 ENG ECON JI Eng. Econ. PY 2009 VL 54 IS 2 BP 152 EP 174 DI 10.1080/00137910902902861 PG 23 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA V19YH UT WOS:000208107200004 ER PT J AU Wang, J van den Heever, SC Reid, JS AF Wang, Jun van den Heever, Susan C. Reid, Jeffrey S. TI A conceptual model for the link between Central American biomass burning aerosols and severe weather over the south central United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Central American smoke; aerosol and severe weather in the United States; aerosol-cloud interaction ID SMOKE; FIRES; POLLUTION; STORMS; IMPACT; TRANSPORT; AMAZON; FOREST; CLOUDS AB Each spring, smoke particles from fires over the Yucatan Peninsula and south Mexico cross over the Gulf of Mexico into the United States (US) under the control of moist oceanic air flow from the southwestern branch of the subtropical (Bermuda) high. Smoke can be transported deep into the south central US, where dry lines and warm conveyor belts are frequently formed and cause deep convection and severe weather. Lyons et al (1998 Science 282 77-80) and Murray et al (2000 Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 2249-52) noticed a similar to 50% increase of lightning along the smoke transport path over the south central US during the May 1998 Central American smoke episode. Here we present a conceptual model of coherent microphysical and meteorological mechanisms through which smoke may impact convective clouds and subsequently result in more severe weather over the south central US. The conceptual model depicts a chain of processes in which smoke particles are first activated as cloud condensation nuclei when they are entrained into the warm conveyor belt, a convective zone formed over the south central US as a result of the encounter between the mid-latitude trough and the subtropical Bermuda high. As the convection continues with deepening of the mid-latitude trough, the greater concentration of water cloud condensation nuclei delays the warm rain processes, enhances the development of ice clouds, and invigorates the updrafts, all of which contribute to the formation of severe weather such as hail and lightning. The conceptual model is based on the reasoning of physical mechanisms revealed in previous studies (over the tropical biomass region), and is supported here through the analysis of satellite data, ground observations, aerosol transport model results, and idealized cloud resolving simulations of a day in May 2003 when record tornado events occurred over the south central US. Further assessment of this conceptual model is discussed for future investigations. C1 [Wang, Jun] Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Wang, Jun] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wang, Jun] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [van den Heever, Susan C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reid, Jeffrey S.] USN, Res Lab, Aerosol & Radiat Modeling Sect, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), 303 Bessey Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jwang7@unl.edu RI van den Heever, Susan/E-8728-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI van den Heever, Susan/0000-0001-9843-3864; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 FU NASA Earth Science New Investigator Program; Radiation Science Program; Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center (GEST), University of Maryland FX This project is supported by the NASA Earth Science New Investigator Program and Radiation Science Program as well as the NASA GSFC Yoram Kaufman visiting fellowship under the administration of Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center (GEST), University of Maryland in Baltimore (UMBC). J Wang is also grateful to Dr Lorraine Remer for hosting his visit to NASA/GSFC. Dr Reid's participation in this work is provided by the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and one reviewer in particular for providing constructive comments that improved this manuscript. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2009 VL 4 IS 1 AR 015003 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/4/1/015003 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 442YX UT WOS:000265878500017 ER PT S AU Wilcox, J White, V Shcheglov, K AF Wilcox, Jaroslava White, Victor Shcheglov, Kirill BE Hudec, R Pina, L TI FEASIBILITY OF A SPECTRAL IMAGER IN THE SOFT X-RAY REGION SO EUV AND X-RAY OPTICS: SYNERGY BETWEEN LABORATORY AND SPACE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Europe Conference on EUV and X-Ray Optics - Synergy between Laboratory and Space/Optics + Optoelectronics Symposium CY APR 20-22, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE XUV; VUV; Interferometer; Beam splitting mirrors; Spectral imager; FFT transform; Micro-fabrication; Membrane ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; LATERAL RESOLUTION; SPECTROMICROSCOPE; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROSCOPE AB The development of Fourier Transform (FT) spectral techniques in the soft X-ray (100eV to 500eV spectral region) has been advocated in the past as a possible route to constructing a bench-top size spectral imager with high spatial and spectral resolution. The crux of the imager is the soft X-ray interferometer. The auxiliary subsystems include a soft X-ray source, focusing optics and a CCD-based detection system. When tuned over a sufficiently large range of path delays (frames), the interferometer will sinusoidally modulate a spectrum of a wide-band X-ray source centered at the core wavelength of interest with high resolving power. The spectrum illuminates a target, the reflected signal is imaged onto a CCD, and data acquired for different frames is converted to spectra in software by using FT methods similar to those used in IR spectrometry, producing spectral image per each pixel. The use of short wavelengths results in dramatic increase in imaging resolution over that for IR. Important for future NASA missions, and unlike X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) that uses intense and in monochromatic beams which only a synchrotron can deliver, FTXR plans to use a miniature, wide bandwidth X-ray source. By modulating the beam spectrum around the wavelength of interest, the beam energy is used much more efficiently than with gratings (when only a very small, monochromatized portion of the radiation is used at one time) facilitating construction of a bench-top instrument. With the predicted <0.1eV spectral and <100 nm spatial resolution, the imager would be able to map a core-level shift spectrum for each pixel of the image for elements such as C, Si, Ca, N (K-alpha-lines) which can be used as a chemical compound fingerprint and for imaging intracellular structures. For heavy elements it could provide "bonding maps" (L and M-shell lines), enabling to study fossils of microorganisms on space missions and in returned samples to Earth. We have initiated development of a Fourier Transform X-ray Reflection (FTXR) spectral imager based on the use of a Mach-Zender type interferometer. The enabling technology for the interferometer is the X-ray beam splitting mirrors. The mirrors are not available commercially; multi layers of quarter-wave films are not suitable, requiring a different approach to beam-splitters than in the visible or IR regions. Several efforts by other researchers used parallel slits or stripes for partial transmission, with only a very limited success. In contrast, our beam splitters are based on thin (about 200 nm) SiN membranes perforated with a large number of very small holes, prepared using state-of-art micro-fabrication techniques that have only recently become available in our laboratory at JPL. Precise control of surface roughness and high planarity are needed to achieve the wave coherency required for high-contrast fringe forming. The perforation design is expected to result in much greater surface flatness, facilitating greater wave coherence than for the other techniques. We report on our progress in the fabrication of beam splitting mirrors to-date, interferometer design, modeling, assembly, and experimental results. C1 [Wilcox, Jaroslava; White, Victor; Shcheglov, Kirill] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Wilcox, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 302-301,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jzw@jpl.nasa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7634-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7360 AR 73600Y DI 10.1117/12.820498 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BYS81 UT WOS:000300012900029 ER PT S AU Zhang, WW Bolognese, J Byron, G Chan, KW Content, DA Hadjimichael, TJ Hewitt, C Hill, MD Hong, M Lehan, JP Lozipone, L Mazzarella, JM McClelland, R Nguyen, DT Olsen, L Petre, R Robinson, D Rohrbach, SO Russell, R Saha, TT Sharpe, M AF Zhang, W. W. Bolognese, J. Byron, G. Chan, K. W. Content, D. A. Hadjimichael, T. J. Hewitt, Charles Hill, M. D. Hong, M. Lehan, J. P. Lozipone, L. Mazzarella, J. M. McClelland, R. Nguyen, D. T. Olsen, L. Petre, R. Robinson, D. Rohrbach, S. O. Russell, R. Saha, T. T. Sharpe, M. BE Hudec, R Pina, L TI Mirror Technology Development for the International X-Ray Observatory (IXO) Mission SO EUV AND X-RAY OPTICS: SYNERGY BETWEEN LABORATORY AND SPACE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Europe Conference on EUV and X-Ray Optics - Synergy between Laboratory and Space/Optics + Optoelectronics Symposium CY APR 20-22, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE X-ray optics; lightweight optics; IXO; International X-ray Observatory; space optics AB The International X-Ray Observatory (IXO) is a NASA, ESA, and JAXA joint mission. It requires a mirror assembly with unprecedented characteristics that cannot be provided by existing optical technologies. In the past several years, the project office at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has supported a vigorous mirror technology development program. This program includes the fabrication of lightweight mirror segments by slumping commercially available thin glass sheets, the support and mounting of these thin mirror segments for accurate metrology, the mounting and attachment of these mirror segments for the purpose of X-ray tests, and development of methods for aligning and integrating these mirror segments into mirror assemblies. This paper describes our efforts and developments in these areas. C1 [Zhang, W. W.; Bolognese, J.; Content, D. A.; Hill, M. D.; Nguyen, D. T.; Petre, R.; Robinson, D.; Rohrbach, S. O.; Saha, T. T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Zhang, WW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. OI O'Dell, Stephen/0000-0002-1868-8056 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7634-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7360 AR 73600J DI 10.1117/12.833544 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BYS81 UT WOS:000300012900018 ER PT S AU Nanjegowda, R Hernandez, O Chapman, B Jin, HQH AF Nanjegowda, Ramachandra Hernandez, Oscar Chapman, Barbara Jin, Haoqiang H. BE Muller, MS deSupinski, BR Chapman, BM TI Scalability Evaluation of Barrier Algorithms for OpenMP SO EVOLVING OPENMP IN AN AGE OF EXTREME PARALLELISM SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on OpenMP CY JUN 03-05, 2009 CL Dresden, GERMANY AB OpenMP relies heavily on barrier synchronization to coordinate the work of threads that are performing the computations in a parallel region. A good implementation of barriers is thus an important part of any implementation of this API. As the number of cores in shared and distributed shared memory machines continues to grow, the quality of the barrier implementation is critical for application scalability. There are a number of known algorithms For providing barriers in software. In this paper, we consider some of the most widely used approaches for implementing barriers on large-scale shared-memory multiprocessor systems: a "blocking" implementation that de-schedules a waiting thread, a "centralized" busy wait and three forms of distributed "busy" wait implementations are discussed. We have implemented the barrier algorithms in the runtime library associated with a research compiler, OpenUH. We first compare the impact of these algorithms on the overheads incurred for OpenMP constructs that involve a barrier, possibly implicitly. We then show how the different, barrier implementations influence the performance of two different, OpenMP application Code's. C1 [Nanjegowda, Ramachandra; Hernandez, Oscar; Chapman, Barbara] Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Jin, Haoqiang H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Nanjegowda, R (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM rchakena@uh.edu; oscar@cs.uh.edu; chapman@cs.uh.edu; haoqiang.jin@nasa.gov FU NSF [CCF-0833201, CCF-0702775] FX We want to thank Dr. Edgar Gabriel for providing us useful information about MPI barrier implementations in OpenMPI and Cody Addison for providing us preliminary results that motivated this work. We also want to thank the Center for Computing and Communication, at RWTH Aachen University for letting us use their cluster. This work is supported by NSF grants CCF-0833201 and CCF-0702775 (see http://www2.cs.uh.edu/ hpctools/darwin/). The pseudocode published by the Computer Science Department of the University of Rochester was adapted for the work described in this paper. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-02284-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5568 BP 42 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BKR28 UT WOS:000268999000004 ER PT S AU Stapelfeld, KR Bryden, G Krist, J Werner, M Su, K Rieke, G Watson, D Chen, C AF Stapelfeld, Karl R. Bryden, Geoffrey Krist, John Werner, Michael Su, Kate Rieke, George Watson, Dan Chen, Christine BE Usuda, T Ishii, M Tamura, M TI Modeling of Debris Disks Resolved with Spitzer and HST SO EXOPLANETS AND DISKS: THEIR FORMATION AND DIVERSITY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Exoplanets and Disks - Their Formation and Diversity CY MAR 09-12, 2009 CL Kailua Kona, HI SP Subaru Telescope, Natl Astron Observ Japan DE circumstellar matter ID DUST BELT; PLANET AB We summarize our ongoing effort to understand nearby debris disks through combined modeling of Spitzer MIPS imaging photometry, Spitzer IRS spectra, and HubbleSpaceTelescope scattered light images. A simple single-component model with minimum grain sizes equal to the blowout size works in two of four systems studied. Inner dust belts unseen by HST are required in two of four systems. The case of HD 10647 appears the most complex, where more than two dust belts may be needed. C1 [Stapelfeld, Karl R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rieke, George] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Watson, Dan] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Chen, Christine] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Stapelfeld, KR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM krs@exoplanet.jpl.nasa.gov; cchen@stsci.edu RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012; OI Su, Kate/0000-0002-3532-5580 FU Spitzer Project Science Office at JPL, NASA; Hubble Space Telescope General Observer program, NASA [10539] FX I would like to thank Subaru, Motohide Tamura, and the entire LOC for bringing us together for such an enjoyable meeting. This work was supported by the Spitzer Project Science Office at JPL, and by Hubble Space Telescope General Observer program 10539. Funding from both was provided by NASA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0695-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1158 BP 43 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BMB87 UT WOS:000271801800008 ER PT S AU Kuchner, MJ Stark, CC AF Kuchner, Marc J. Stark, Christopher C. BE Usuda, T Ishii, M Tamura, M TI Collisional Grooming of Debris Disks SO EXOPLANETS AND DISKS: THEIR FORMATION AND DIVERSITY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Exoplanets and Disks - Their Formation and Diversity CY MAR 09-12, 2009 CL Kailua Kona, HI SP Subaru Telescope, Natl Astron Observ Japan DE circumstellar matter; interplanetary medium; methods: numerical ID DUSTY DEBRIS; DYNAMICS; PLANET; SYSTEM; BELTS; EARTH; AU AB Debt-is disk images have emerged as important tools for finding extrasolar planets. These images show clumps, rings, warps, and other structures, many of which have been interpreted as resonant perturbations from hidden planets. But no models of these structures have properly accounted for collisions between dust rains. We have developed new steady-state 3-D models of debris disks that self-consistently incorporate grain-grain collisions for the first time. We summarize our algorithm and use it to illustrate how collisions interact with resonant trapping in the presence of a planet. C1 [Kuchner, Marc J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stark, Christopher C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kuchner, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Marc.Kuchner@nasa.gov RI Kuchner, Marc/E-2288-2012 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0695-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1158 BP 47 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BMB87 UT WOS:000271801800009 ER PT S AU Serabyn, E AF Serabyn, Eugene BE Usuda, T Ishii, M Tamura, M TI Nulling Measurements with the Keck Interferometer SO EXOPLANETS AND DISKS: THEIR FORMATION AND DIVERSITY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Exoplanets and Disks - Their Formation and Diversity CY MAR 09-12, 2009 CL Kailua Kona, HI SP Subaru Telescope, Natl Astron Observ Japan DE interferometry ID NULLER AB The Keck Interferometer provides a mid-infrared nulling capability that is designed to detect faint mid-infrared emission from the immediate vicinity of bright stars. The Keck Interferometer Nuller (KIN) has now been used to carry out initial shared-risk science observations, followed by three nulling key-science projects performed in the 2008 observing semesters. This paper describes the novel measurement technique employed by the KIN, and lists some of the initial observations obtained with it. These data sets are now in the process of being analyzed, and results should begin emerging in the near future. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Serabyn, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 171-113,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM gene.serabyn@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0695-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1158 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BMB87 UT WOS:000271801800084 ER PT S AU Mawet, D Serabyn, E AF Mawet, D. Serabyn, E. BE Usuda, T Ishii, M Tamura, M TI High-contrast Imaging with a Small, Well-corrected Subaperture and a Phase-mask Coronagraph SO EXOPLANETS AND DISKS: THEIR FORMATION AND DIVERSITY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Exoplanets and Disks - Their Formation and Diversity CY MAR 09-12, 2009 CL Kailua Kona, HI SP Subaru Telescope, Natl Astron Observ Japan DE High-contrast imaging; adaptive optics; coronagraphy; brown dwarf; debris disk ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS; BROWN DWARF; DEBRIS DISK; HD-32297; DUST; COMPANIONS; DISCOVERY; APERTURE; IMAGES; STARS AB We used the 1.6-meter-diameter off-axis well-corrected subaperture (WCS) on the Palomar Hale telescope with a small inner-working angle (IWA) coronagraph to provide high-contrast images of known brown dwarf companions (HD 130948, HD 49197, and HR 7672) and the first images of the scattered light from HD 32297 debris disk obtained in the Ks band. While providing new constraints for this system, our observations also demonstrate the advantage of this particular instrument configuration. C1 [Mawet, D.; Serabyn, E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mawet, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Dimitri.Mawet@jpl.nasa.gov; gene.serabyn@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0695-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1158 BP 321 EP 324 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BMB87 UT WOS:000271801800086 ER PT S AU Traub, WA AF Traub, Wesley A. BE Usuda, T Ishii, M Tamura, M TI SIM Lite and TPF SO EXOPLANETS AND DISKS: THEIR FORMATION AND DIVERSITY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Exoplanets and Disks - Their Formation and Diversity CY MAR 09-12, 2009 CL Kailua Kona, HI SP Subaru Telescope, Natl Astron Observ Japan DE radial velocity; coronagraph; interferometer; exoplanet AB The ideal way to discover and characterize all exoplanets around nearby stars is to discover the planets with astrometry, then characterize them with direct imaging. To be specific, the Space Interferometer Mission (SIM-Lite) could do the astrometry, and the Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) could do the characterization. If TPF is an internal coronagraph it is TPF-C, if an occulter it is TPF-O, or if an interferometer TPF-I. I will discuss the advantage of using SIM-Lite, in combination with radial velocity observations, to detect nearby exoplanets, and to estimate their orbital parameters. SIM Lite will tell us that the planet exists, that it has an estimated mass, and that we can estimate when and where it will re-appear. With this information, a coronagraph can find the planet again, measure its visible spectrum, and characterize it. Additional observations with an interferometer can fill out the full picture. Then, many properties of the planet can be estimated, including a search for signs of life, using the orbit, mass, and visible and infrared spectra. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Traub, WA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 301-451,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM wtraub@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0695-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1158 BP 345 EP 350 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BMB87 UT WOS:000271801800092 ER PT S AU Beichman, C AF Beichman, Charles BE Usuda, T Ishii, M Tamura, M TI Collaboration and Competition in Exoplanet Research SO EXOPLANETS AND DISKS: THEIR FORMATION AND DIVERSITY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Exoplanets and Disks - Their Formation and Diversity CY MAR 09-12, 2009 CL Kailua Kona, HI SP Subaru Telescope, Natl Astron Observ Japan DE Planets; Astrometry; Search for Life; JWST; imaging ID EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; THEORETICAL SPECTRA; BROWN DWARFS; COMPANION; PRECISION; STARS; EARTH AB Collaboration and competition are strong driving forces in the modem search for exoplanets. It appears among individuals, agencies and nations, as well as between observing techniques and theoretical interpretation. I will argue that these forces, taken in balance, are beneficial to the field and are partly responsible for the rapid progress in the search for planets and ultimately the search for life beyond the solar system. Specific examples will include indirect detection of Earth analogs from ground and space and the direct detection of gas giant and terrestrial planets. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA ExoPlanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Beichman, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA ExoPlanet Sci Inst, 770 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM chas@mail.jpl.nasa.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0695-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1158 BP 373 EP 380 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BMB87 UT WOS:000271801800097 ER PT S AU Kasdin, NJ Kay, J Pueyo, L Groff, T McElwain, M AF Kasdin, N. Jeremy Kay, Jason Pueyo, Laurent Groff, Tyler McElwain, Michael BE Usuda, T Ishii, M Tamura, M TI Advances in Wavefront Estimation and Correction at the Princeton University High-Contrast Imaging Testbed SO EXOPLANETS AND DISKS: THEIR FORMATION AND DIVERSITY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Exoplanets and Disks - Their Formation and Diversity CY MAR 09-12, 2009 CL Kailua Kona, HI SP Subaru Telescope, Natl Astron Observ Japan DE High-contrast imaging; adaptive optics; coronagraphy; exo-planets AB The high-contrast imaging group at Princeton University has been at the forefront of the adaptive optics community. In this paper, we present advances made in both the correction and estimation of aberrated wavefronts. We show experimental results in the use of two sequential deformable mirrors (DMs) for the creation of a symmetric dark hole in the image plane. In addition, we present results of the two-camera wavefront estimation scheme that is less dependent on knowledge of the DM surface than traditional estimation by diversity on the DM. C1 [Kasdin, N. Jeremy; Kay, Jason; Groff, Tyler; McElwain, Michael] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Pueyo, Laurent] Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Kasdin, NJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM JKasdin@princeton.edu RI McElwain, Michael/D-3607-2012 OI McElwain, Michael/0000-0003-0241-8956 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0695-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1158 BP 391 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BMB87 UT WOS:000271801800103 ER PT J AU Bakermans, C Sloup, RE Zarka, DG Tiedje, JM Thomashow, MF AF Bakermans, Corien Sloup, Rudolph E. Zarka, Daniel G. Tiedje, James M. Thomashow, Michael F. TI Development and use of genetic system to identify genes required for efficient low-temperature growth of Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4 SO EXTREMOPHILES LA English DT Article DE Targeted gene replacement; Electroporation; Psychrobacter; Low temperature; TRAP transporter ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; OBLIGATELY PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIUM; SP STRAIN ABE-1; SIBERIAN PERMAFROST; VIBRIO SP; ELECTROTRANSFORMATION EFFICIENCY; ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASES; MEMBRANE-FLUIDITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HIGH OSMOLARITY AB We describe the development of genetic tools (electroporation, conjugation, vector for targeted gene replacement) for use in the psychrophile Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4 to test hypotheses about cold adaptation. Successful electroporation only occurred with nonstandard parameters, such as: electrocompetent cells freshly prepared from stationary-phase cultures, high field strengths (25 kV cm(-1)), long recovery times (16-24 h), and selection with low concentrations of antibiotics. Transformation frequencies were greatly affected by a methylation-dependent restriction barrier homologous to DpnI. The vector pJK100 (which was self-transmissible and contained a Pir-dependent R6K origin of replication) proved effective as a suicide plasmid that could be used to recombine mutations into the P. arcticus 273-4 genome. We used this vector for targeted replacement of dctT, the substrate-binding periplasmic subunit of a TRAP (tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic) transporter (which we have named dctTUF), as it was more highly expressed at cold temperatures. The replacement of dctT (with kan) decreased the rate of growth at low temperatures in mineral medium with glutamate, acetate, butyrate, and fumarate, but not with pyruvate suggesting that DctTUF participates in the transport of glutamate, acetate, butyrate, and fumarate at cold temperatures. This is the first report to demonstrate the creation of site-specific mutants in the genus Psychrobacter, their affect on low-temperature growth, and a substrate range for TAXI proteins of TRAP transporters. C1 [Bakermans, Corien; Sloup, Rudolph E.; Tiedje, James M.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bakermans, Corien; Sloup, Rudolph E.; Zarka, Daniel G.; Tiedje, James M.; Thomashow, Michael F.] Michigan State Univ, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Bakermans, C (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bakerm16@msu.edu FU NASA; National Academy of Sciences National Research Council FX This work was supported through membership in the NASA Astrobiology Institute. C. Bakermans was supported by a National Academy of Sciences National Research Council research associateship. We thank J. Klappenbach for providing pJK100 and E. coli WM3064. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1431-0651 J9 EXTREMOPHILES JI Extremophiles PD JAN PY 2009 VL 13 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1007/s00792-008-0193-3 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 387YA UT WOS:000261986300003 PM 18818866 ER PT S AU Maleki, L Matsko, AB AF Maleki, L. Matsko, A. B. BE Ferraro, P Grilli, S De Natale, P TI Lithium Niobate Whispering Gallery Resonators: Applications and Fundamental Studies SO FERROELECTRIC CRYSTALS FOR PHOTONIC APPLICATIONS: INCLUDING NANOSCALE FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES SE Springer Series in Materials Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH LIGHT INTENSITIES; INDUCED CHARGE-TRANSPORT; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; PHOTOREFRACTIVE PROPERTIES; DOPED LINBO3; HOLOGRAPHIC STORAGE; MICROWAVE RECEIVER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NONLINEAR OPTICS; CONGRUENT LINBO3 C1 [Maleki, L.] OEwaves Inc, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Maleki, L.; Matsko, A. B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Maleki, L (reprint author), OEwaves Inc, 1010 E Union St, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM Lute.Maleki@jpl.nasa.gov; Andrey.Matsko@jpl.nasa.gov RI Ferraro, Pietro/A-5288-2009 OI Ferraro, Pietro/0000-0002-0158-3856 NR 87 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-033X BN 978-3-540-77965-0 J9 SPRINGER SER MATER S PY 2009 VL 91 BP 337 EP 383 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-77965-0 PG 47 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BLX72 UT WOS:000271332300014 ER PT S AU Smith, TM Williams, MK Fesmire, JE Sass, JP Weiser, ES AF Smith, Trent M. Williams, Martha K. Fesmire, James E. Sass, Jared P. Weiser, Erik S. BE Willkie, CA Morgan, AB Nelson, GL TI Fire and Engineering Properties of Polyimide-Aerogel Hybrid Foam Composites for Advanced Applications SO FIRE AND POLYMERS V: MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS FOR FIRE RETARDANCY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Fire and Polymers: Materials and Concepts for Fire Retardancy CY APR, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Govmark Org, Minelco, Ashland Inc, Rio Tinto Minerals, Akzo Nobel, Albemarle Corp, Nabeltec AG, Elkem AS, ICL Ind Products, Nanocor, Clariant GmbH, Ram Technol, So Clay Products ID COHERENT EXPANDED AEROGELS; LINKED SILICA AEROGELS; HEAT-CONDUCTIVITY; SURFACE-AREA; PERFORMANCE; DENSITY AB NASA has had a growing need for high-performance materials for cryogenic insulation, fireproofing, energy absorption, and other advanced applications. New monolithic aerogels are good candidates except for their inherently fragile nature. Modern commercially available aerogels are tougher, but still lack adequate structure and can become a contamination concern in certain applications. Polyimide foam materials have been used for demanding applications that require extreme thermal, chemical, and weathering stability. The combination of aerogel with a high performance polyimide foam fabricated into a hybrid material provides structure to the aerogel, reduces heat transfer, improves vibration attenuation, and retaines the excellent fire properties of the polyimide foam. Incorporation of aerogel material into TEEK-H polyimide foam provides three favorable effects: thermal conductivity is reduced by the aerogel content in the hybrid foams, Peak Heat Release remains low, and the time to Peak Heat Release increases with increasing aerogel content. C1 [Smith, Trent M.; Williams, Martha K.] NASA, John F Kennedy Space Ctr, Polymer Sci & Technol Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Smith, TM (reprint author), NASA, John F Kennedy Space Ctr, Polymer Sci & Technol Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-6988-0 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2009 VL 1013 BP 148 EP 173 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BVJ70 UT WOS:000291672200010 ER PT J AU Domokos, R AF Domokos, Reka TI Environmental effects on forage and longline fishery performance for albacore (Thunnus alalunga) in the American Samoa Exclusive Economic Zone SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE active acoustics; albacore tuna; American Samoa Exclusive Economic Zone; anticyclonic eddies; catch-per-unit-effort; convergence; deep scattering layer; El Nino Southern Oscillation; longline fishery; mesoscale eddy; micronekton distribution; shallow scattering layer; South Equatorial Counter Current; South Equatorial Current; South-Western Pacific; subsurface zonal jet; water masses ID NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; WESTERN PACIFIC; MICRONEKTON DISTRIBUTION; BACKSCATTERING STRENGTH; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; SOUTHWEST PACIFIC; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; NORTH PACIFIC; TUNA AB The South Equatorial Counter Current (SECC) strongly influences the American Samoa Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and changes strength on a seasonal and ENSO cycle. A strong SECC is associated with a predominantly anticyclonic eddy field as well as increased micronekton biomass and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) for albacore tuna, the economically important target species of the local longline fishery. A strong SECC carries chlorophyll a-rich waters from upwelling regions at the north coast of New Guinea towards the EEZ, most likely resulting in the observed increase in micronekton biomass, forage for albacore. Relatively stable anticyclonic eddies show a further increase in micronekton biomass, apparently advected from neighboring SECC waters. The presence of forage presumably concentrates albacore, thus resulting in the observed increase in CPUE. High shear regions of neither anticyclonic nor cyclonic eddies correlate with increased micronekton biomass. Areas characterized by South Equatorial Current (SEC) waters correspond to areas with the lowest micronekton biomass and the highest number of aggregative structures, which are most likely small pelagic fish shoals. Micronekton composition in SEC waters differs from that in the SECC. During El Ninos, the seasonal signals at the north shore of New Guinea and in the SECC are exceptionally strong and correspond to higher albacore CPUE in the EEZ. My results suggest that the strength of upwelling and the resulting increase in chlorophyll a at New Guinea, as well as the Southern Oscillation Index, could be used to predict the performance of the local longline fishery for albacore tuna in the American Samoa EEZ. C1 Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Domokos, R (reprint author), Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM reka.domokos@noaa.gov OI Domokos, Reka/0000-0003-3297-4793 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ12301] FX The author wishes to acknowledge the help and support of many who made this project possible. I thank the officers and crew of the NOAA Ship, Oscar Elton Sette, as well as the scientific party for their work and dedication to the success of this study. I thank Jules Hummons for her help with processing the ADCP data and Mathieu Doray for statistical consultations. I thank Michael P. Seki and Jeffrey J. Polovina for obtaining funding for this work. I also wish to thank Jeffrey J. Polovina, Evan Howell, and Don Kobayashi for reading and providing helpful comments and/or instrumental suggestions on the draft of this manuscript. Further, I thank Deborah Yamaguchi for her help in creating the final version of the schematic in Fig. 1. This project was supported by the JIMAR Pelagic Fisheries Research Program of the University of Hawaii School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology under Cooperative Agreement number NA17RJ12301 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 6 BP 419 EP 438 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2009.00521.x PG 20 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 504BJ UT WOS:000270587700004 ER PT J AU Stehlik, LL AF Stehlik, Linda L. TI Effects of seasonal change on activity rhythms and swimming behavior of age-0 bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) and a description of gliding behavior SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID THE-YEAR BLUEFISH; FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; JUVENILE BLUEFISH; UNITED-STATES; MARINE FISH; NEW-YORK; TEMPERATURE; BIGHT; MECHANISMS; TRANSPORT AB Daily and seasonal activity rhythms, swimming speed, and modes of swimming were studied in a school of spring-spawned age-0 bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) for nine months in a 121-kL research aquarium. Temperature was lowered from 20 degrees to 15 degrees C, then returned to 20 degrees C to match the seasonal cycle. The fish grew from a mean 198 mm to 320 mm (n=67). Bluefish swam faster and in a more organized school during day (overall mean 47 cm/s) than at night (31 cm/s). Swimming speed declined in fall as temperature declined and accelerated in spring in response to change in photoperiod. Besides powered swimming, bluefish used a gliding-upswimming mode, which has not been previously described for this species. To glide, a bluefish rolled onto its side, ceased body and tail beating, and coasted diagonally downward. Bluefish glided in all months of the study, usually in the dark, and most intensely in winter. Energy savings while the fish is gliding and upswimming may be as much as 20% of the energy used in powered swimming. Additional savings accrue from increased lift due to the hydrofoil created by the horizontal body orientation and slightly concave shape. Energy-saving swimming would be advantageous during migration and overwintering. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Stehlik, LL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM Linda.Stehlik@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 107 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 409IV UT WOS:000263500300001 ER PT S AU Birnbaum, K Farr, W Gin, J Moision, B Quirk, K Wright, M AF Birnbaum, Kevin Farr, William Gin, Jonathan Moision, Bruce Quirk, Kevin Wright, Malcolm BE Hemmati, H TI Demonstration of a high-efficiency free-space optical communications link SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXI CY JAN 28-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Optical Communications; Pulse-Position-Modulation AB In this paper we discuss recent progress on the implementation of a hardware free-space optical communications test-bed. The test-bed implements an end-to-end communications system comprising a data encoder, modulator, laser-transmitter, telescope, detector, receiver and error-correction-code decoder. Implementation of each of the component systems is discussed, with an emphasis on 'real-world' system performance degradation and limitations. We have demonstrated real-time data rates of 44 Mbps and photon efficiencies of approximately 1.8 bits/photon over a 100m free-space optical link. C1 [Birnbaum, Kevin; Farr, William; Gin, Jonathan; Moision, Bruce; Quirk, Kevin; Wright, Malcolm] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Birnbaum, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Kevin.M.Birnbaum@jpl.nasa.gov; William.H.Farr@jpl.nasa.gov; Jonathan.W.Gin@jpl.nasa.gov; Bruce.E.Moision@jpl.nasa.gov; Kevin.J.Quirk@jpl.nasa.gov; Malcolm.W.Wright@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7445-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7199 AR 71990A DI 10.1117/12.809720 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BSN98 UT WOS:000285044900008 ER PT S AU Farr, WH AF Farr, William H. BE Hemmati, H TI Negative avalanche feedback detectors for photon-counting optical communications SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXI CY JAN 28-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE single photon detector; photon counting; laser communications; optical communications; avalanche photodiode ID PHOTODIODES AB Negative Avalanche Feedback photon counting detectors with near-infrared spectral sensitivity offer an alternative to conventional Geiger mode avalanche photodiode or phototube detectors for free space communications links at 1 and 1.55 microns. These devices demonstrate linear mode photon counting without requiring any external reset circuitry and may even be operated at room temperature. We have now characterized the detection efficiency, dark count rate, after-pulsing, and single photon jitter for three variants of this new detector class, as well as operated these uniquely simple to use devices in actual photon starved free space optical communications links. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Farr, WH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7445-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7199 AR 71990Q DI 10.1117/12.814865 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BSN98 UT WOS:000285044900021 ER PT S AU Hemmati, H Birnbaum, KM Farr, WH Turyshev, S Biswas, A AF Hemmati, H. Birnbaum, K. M. Farr, W. H. Turyshev, S. Biswas, A. BE Hemmati, H TI Combined laser-communications and laser-ranging transponder for Moon and Mars SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXI CY JAN 28-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE laser communications; optical communications; laser ranging AB High-resolution active laser ranging systems for Moon, Mars and beyond are analyzed. Both stand-alone laser-ranging transponders, and laser-communications systems configured to provide millimeter-level ranging data are analyzed. It is shown that a combined dual-function laser-communications and laser-ranging system is feasible. C1 [Hemmati, H.; Birnbaum, K. M.; Farr, W. H.; Turyshev, S.; Biswas, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hemmati, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7445-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7199 AR 71990N DI 10.1117/12.810431 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BSN98 UT WOS:000285044900018 ER PT S AU Hemmati, H Chen, YJ AF Hemmati, Hamid Chen, Yijiang BE Hemmati, H TI Compensation of large-diameter optical system aberrations with spatial light modulators and deformable mirrors SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXI CY JAN 28-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Free space communications; laser communications; active optics ID TELESCOPE; QUALITY AB Compensation of slowly varying wavefront aberrations of low-cost meter-scale optical communication receiver mirror systems is reported. Our goal is to reduce the surface wavefront error of a low-cost large aperture telescope mirror from multiple waves to about 1-wave or less peak-to-valley (P-V). Both spatial light modulators and monolithic deformable mirrors are applied in our active optical compensation systems. Spatial light modulators with only one wave stroke can compensate for aberrations of over 10-waves P-V by using 2p phase wraps, while deformable mirrors are limited to 10-wave aberrations (P-V), due to stroke limitations of commercially available systems. We demonstrate aberration compensations of a low-cost 0.6-m diameter mirror using a deformable mirror and a 0.3-m diameter telescope using a spatial light modulator. Upon aberration compensation, image quality is recovered close to the original, with the residual distortion limited by the diffraction efficiency. The laser beam spot size is reduced by a factor of four, and the measured received signal level is increased ten-fold. C1 [Hemmati, Hamid; Chen, Yijiang] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hemmati, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7445-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7199 AR 71990D DI 10.1117/12.811894 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BSN98 UT WOS:000285044900011 ER PT S AU Kovalik, JM Biswas, A Charles, JR Regehr, M AF Kovalik, Joseph M. Biswas, Abhijit Charles, Jeffrey R. Regehr, Martin BE Hemmati, H TI Autonomous access links using laser communications SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXI CY JAN 28-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Laser Communication; Autonomous Acquisition; Tracking AB We have validated an autonomous acquisition scheme that is critical for achieving data transfer over proximity links with ranges up to a few thousand kilometers. The sun-illuminated International Space Station (ISS) against a dark sky background during terminator passes over Southern California was used to validate the autonomous acquisition and tracking scheme. A root mean square (rms) accuracy of 83 mu rad was achieved. C1 [Kovalik, Joseph M.; Biswas, Abhijit; Charles, Jeffrey R.; Regehr, Martin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kovalik, JM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Joseph.M.Kovalik@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7445-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7199 AR 71990H DI 10.1117/12.810733 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BSN98 UT WOS:000285044900013 ER PT S AU Ortiz, GG Farr, WH Charles, J Roberts, WT Sannibale, V Gin, J Saharaspude, A Garkanian, V AF Ortiz, Gerardo G. Farr, William H. Charles, Jeffrey Roberts, W. Thomas Sannibale, Virginio Gin, Jonathan Saharaspude, Adit Garkanian, Vachik BE Hemmati, H TI Canonical Deep Space Optical Communications Transceiver SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXI CY JAN 28-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Optical communications; deep space; Mars; transceiver ID VIBRATION ISOLATION; SYSTEM; DETECTORS AB A canonical deep space optical communications transceiver which makes synergistic use of advanced technologies to reduce size, weight, power and cost has been designed and is currently under fabrication and test. This optical transceiver can be used to retire risks associated with deep space optical communications on a planetary pathfinder mission and is complementary to ongoing lunar & access link developments. Advanced technologies being integrated into this transceiver include use of a single photon-sensitive detector array for acquisition, tracking and communications; use of two- photon absorption for transmit beam tracking to vastly improve transmit/receive isolation; and a sub-Hertz break frequency vibration isolation platform is used to mitigate spacecraft vibration jitter. This article will present the design and current test results of the canonical transceiver. C1 [Ortiz, Gerardo G.; Farr, William H.; Charles, Jeffrey; Roberts, W. Thomas; Sannibale, Virginio; Gin, Jonathan; Saharaspude, Adit; Garkanian, Vachik] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ortiz, GG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7445-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7199 AR 71990K DI 10.1117/12.812410 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BSN98 UT WOS:000285044900015 ER PT S AU Roberts, WT Charles, JR AF Roberts, W. Thomas Charles, Jeffrey R. BE Hemmati, H TI Compact deep-space optical communications transceiver SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXI CY JAN 28-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Optical Communications; Optical Transceiver; DSOCT; Deep-Space Transceiver ID COMMUNICATIONS DEMONSTRATOR AB Deep space optical communication transceivers must be very efficient receivers and transmitters of optical communication signals. For deep space missions, communication systems require high performance well beyond the scope of mere power efficiency, demanding maximum performance in relation to the precious and limited mass, volume, and power allocated. This paper describes the opto-mechanical design of a compact, efficient, functional brassboard deep space transceiver that is capable of achieving Mb/s rates at Mars ranges. The special features embodied to enhance the system operability and functionality, and to reduce the mass and volume of the system are detailed. System tests and performance characteristics are described in detail. Finally, lessons learned in the implementation of the brassboard design and suggestions for improvements appropriate for a flight prototype are covered. C1 [Roberts, W. Thomas; Charles, Jeffrey R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Roberts, WT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7445-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7199 AR 71990L DI 10.1117/12.806290 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BSN98 UT WOS:000285044900016 ER PT S AU Sannibale, V Ortiz, GG Farr, WH AF Sannibale, Virginio Ortiz, Gerardo G. Farr, William H. BE Hemmati, H TI A Sub-Hertz Vibration Isolation Platform for a Deep Space Optical Communication Transceiver SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXI CY JAN 28-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Vibration isolation platform; deep space optical communication ID SEISMIC ATTENUATION; SYSTEM; SUPPRESSION AB Mechanical resonators have been extensively used to provide vibration isolation for ground based, airborne, and spaceborne payloads. At low frequency, the effectiveness of these isolation systems is determined mainly by designing a mechanical oscillator with the lowest resonant frequency achievable. The Low Frequency Vibration Isolation Platform (LFVIP) reduces the resonant frequency of the mechanical oscillators into the sub-hertz region to maximize the passive isolation. This mechanical system, which has been expressly designed to isolate spacecraft vibrations from a compact deep space optical communication terminal, is based on the Stewart platform topology. Furthermore, the LFVIP provides tip/tilt functionality for acquisition and tracking of an optical beacon signal. An active control system is used for the DC positioning of the platform and the damping of the resonance of the mechanical oscillator. A summary of the LFVIP system, including analysis design, and preliminary results is presented. C1 [Sannibale, Virginio; Ortiz, Gerardo G.; Farr, William H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sannibale, V (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7445-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7199 AR 71990I DI 10.1117/12.810949 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BSN98 UT WOS:000285044900014 ER PT S AU Soibel, A Wright, M Farr, W Keo, S Hill, C Yang, RQ Liu, HC AF Soibel, A. Wright, M. Farr, W. Keo, S. Hill, C. Yang, R. Q. Liu, H. C. BE Hemmati, H TI Mid-infrared Interband Cascade lasers for free-space laser communication SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXI CY JAN 28-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE semiconductor lasers; infrared sources ID INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS; QUANTUM-WELLS AB We have fabricated high-speed Interband Cascade lasers and provided the first experimental evidence that these devices can be directly modulated at a frequency of 3.2 GHz and above. This work has demonstrated suitability of IC lasers as a mid-IR light source for multi-GHz free space optical communications links. C1 [Soibel, A.; Wright, M.; Farr, W.; Keo, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Soibel, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Alexander.Soibel@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7445-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7199 AR 71990E DI 10.1117/12.812141 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BSN98 UT WOS:000285044900012 ER PT S AU Sun, XL Abshire, JB AF Sun, Xiaoli Abshire, James B. BE Hemmati, H TI Modified PN Code Laser Modulation Technique for Laser Measurements SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXI CY JAN 28-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE single photon counting; PN Code; laser ranging; lidar ID PHOTON-COUNTING MODULES; CW LIDAR; DIODE AB Pseudo-noise (PN) modulation techniques have been used to modulate lasers for time of flight measurements and for profiling atmospheric backscatter. Compared to mono-pulse techniques, PN code modulation allows timing and backscatter measurements to be made with much lower laser peak powers and higher duty cycles. We have developed a new modified version of PN code modulation for laser measurements in which the laser pulse width and position may also be varied within the PN code bit interval. These allow more degrees of freedom for optimizing laser measurements. We have demonstrated these in laboratory measurements using a 974 nm laser diode, return to zero (RZ) PN code modulation at various laser pulse duty cycles, and a photon counting receiver. The results show significant improvements in the receiver signal to noise ratio, sensitivity, and ranging precision for the lower duty cycle RZ PN codes. C1 [Sun, Xiaoli; Abshire, James B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sun, XL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 694, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; Abshire, James/I-2800-2013 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7445-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7199 AR 71990P DI 10.1117/12.817254 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BSN98 UT WOS:000285044900020 ER PT S AU Wright, MW AF Wright, Malcolm W. BE Hemmati, H TI Robust short-pulse, high-peak-power laser transmitter for optical communications SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXI CY JAN 28-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Free space optical communications; laser; fiber amplifier AB We report on a pulsed fiber based master oscillator power amplifier laser at 1550 nm to support moderate data rates with high peak powers in a compact package suitable for interplanetary optical communications. To accommodate pulse position modulation, the polarization maintaining 1 W average power laser transmitter generates pulses from 0.1 to 1 ns with variable duty cycle over a pulse repetition frequency range of 10 to 100 MHz. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Wright, MW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM malcolm.wright@jpl.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7445-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7199 AR 71990C DI 10.1117/12.811286 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BSN98 UT WOS:000285044900010 ER PT S AU Snowden, SL AF Snowden, S. L. BE Linsky, JL Izmodenov, VV Mobius, E VonSteiger, R TI What Can Be Learned from X-ray Spectroscopy Concerning Hot Gas in the Local Bubble and Charge Exchange Processes? SO FROM THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE TO THE LOCAL BUBBLE: COMPARISON OF NEW OBSERVATIONS WITH THEORY SE Space Science Series of ISSI LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE X-rays; Solar system; Interstellar medium ID SOLAR-WIND; INTERSTELLAR GAS; ROSAT SURVEY; EMISSION; PLASMA; IONS; MAPS; SKY AB Both solar wind charge exchange emission and diffuse thermal emission from the Local Bubble are strongly dominated in the soft X-ray band by lines from highly ionized elements. While both processes share many of the same lines, the spectra should differ significantly due to the different production mechanisms, abundances, and ionization states. Despite their distinct spectral signatures, current and past observatories have lacked the spectral resolution to adequately distinguish between the two sources. High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy instrumentation proposed for future missions has the potential to answer fundamental questions such as whether there is any hot plasma in the Local Hot Bubble, and if so what are the abundances of the emitting plasma and whether the plasma is in equilibrium. Such instrumentation will provide dynamic information about the solar wind including data on ion species which are currently difficult to track. It will also make possible remote sensing of the solar wind. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Snowden, SL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM steven.l.snowden@nasa.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1385-7525 BN 978-1-4419-0246-7 J9 SPACE SCI SER ISSI PY 2009 VL 31 BP 253 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0247-4_20 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0247-4 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKB88 UT WOS:000267707400018 ER PT S AU Frisbee, RH AF Frisbee, Robert H. BE Millis, MG Davis, EW TI Limits of Interstellar Flight Technology SO FRONTIERS OF PROPULSION SCIENCE SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PROPULSION; TRAVEL; SPACE C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Prop Sect, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Frisbee, RH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Prop Sect, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-956-4 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2009 VL 227 BP 31 EP 126 PG 96 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU79 UT WOS:000267214100003 ER PT S AU Millis, MG AF Millis, Marc G. BE Millis, MG Davis, EW TI Prerequisites for Space Drive Science SO FRONTIERS OF PROPULSION SCIENCE SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NEGATIVE MATTER PROPULSION; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; LIGHT CURVES; TRAVEL; INERTIA; MASS C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Prop & Propellants Branch, Res & Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Millis, MG (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Prop & Propellants Branch, Res & Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-956-4 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2009 VL 227 BP 127 EP 174 PG 48 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU79 UT WOS:000267214100004 ER PT S AU Millis, MG AF Millis, Marc G. BE Millis, MG Davis, EW TI Nonviable Mechanical "Antigravity" Devices SO FRONTIERS OF PROPULSION SCIENCE SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Propellant Syst Branch, Res & Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Millis, MG (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Propellant Syst Branch, Res & Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-956-4 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2009 VL 227 BP 249 EP 261 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU79 UT WOS:000267214100007 ER PT S AU LaPointe, MR AF LaPointe, Michael R. BE Millis, MG Davis, EW TI Propulsive Implications of Photon Momentum in Media SO FRONTIERS OF PROPULSION SCIENCE SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INERTIA MANIPULATION; RADIATION PRESSURE; NONLINEAR ELEMENTS; GENERAL PROPERTIES; DIELECTRIC MEDIA; LINEAR MOMENTUM; ABRAHAM; MINKOWSKI; TENSOR; MATTER C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Sci Res & Technol Project Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP LaPointe, MR (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Sci Res & Technol Project Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-956-4 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2009 VL 227 BP 341 EP 371 PG 31 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU79 UT WOS:000267214100011 ER PT S AU Wrbanek, JD Fralick, GC Wrbanek, SY Hall, NR AF Wrbanek, John D. Fralick, Gustave C. Wrbanek, Susan Y. Hall, Nancy R. BE Millis, MG Davis, EW TI Investigating Sonoluminescence as a Means of Energy Harvesting SO FRONTIERS OF PROPULSION SCIENCE SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SINGLE-BUBBLE SONOLUMINESCENCE; MULTIBUBBLE SONOLUMINESCENCE; ACOUSTIC CAVITATION; WATER; NANOPARTICLES; SONOCHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE; IRRADIATION C1 [Wrbanek, John D.; Fralick, Gustave C.; Wrbanek, Susan Y.; Hall, Nancy R.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Wrbanek, JD (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-956-4 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2009 VL 227 BP 605 EP 637 PG 33 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU79 UT WOS:000267214100020 ER PT S AU Millis, MG AF Millis, Marc G. BE Millis, MG Davis, EW TI Prioritizing Pioneering Research SO FRONTIERS OF PROPULSION SCIENCE SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUPERLUMINAL GROUP-VELOCITY; CASIMIR FORCES; DOMAIN DETECTION; DRIVE; MEDIA C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Propellant Syst Branch, Res & Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Millis, MG (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Propellant Syst Branch, Res & Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-956-4 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2009 VL 227 BP 663 EP 717 PG 55 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU79 UT WOS:000267214100023 ER PT J AU Lim, DSS Laval, BE Slater, G Antoniades, D Forrest, AL Pike, W Pieters, R Saffari, M Reid, D Schulze-Makuch, D Andersen, D Mckay, CP AF Lim, Darlene S. S. Laval, B. E. Slater, G. Antoniades, D. Forrest, A. L. Pike, W. Pieters, R. Saffari, M. Reid, D. Schulze-Makuch, D. Andersen, D. Mckay, C. P. TI Limnology of Pavilion Lake, B. C., Canada - Characterization of a microbialite forming environment SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hard water lake; ultra-oligotrophic lake; groundwater systems; paleolimnology ID FRESH-WATER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ION-TRANSPORT; PHOSPHATE; COPRECIPITATION; STROMATOLITES; SODIUM; CALCIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; CARBONATES AB The objectives of this study are two-fold: (1) to describe and quantify the seasonal physical and chemical limnological properties of Pavilion Lake, a microbialite-rich lake in British Columbia, Canada, and (2) to gain a broader limnological context of Pavilion Lake by examining the limnology and hydrology of the lakes and groundwater systems in the area (similar to 30 km radius). Pavilion Lake is a dimictic lake with annual ice-cover. It is a hard water (mean CaCO3 = 181.8 mg L-1), ultra-oligotrophic (mean Total Phosphorus [TP] = 3.3 mu g L-1) lake, that is groundwater fed most likely through diffuse, low velocity local and regional sources. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) separated Pavilion Lake from the other groundwater, stream and lake samples along a conductivity and pH gradient on Axis 1 (lambda(1) = 0.392), and a nutrient (Total Nitrogen [TN], TP) and K+, Mg2+, Si gradient on the second axis (lambda(2) = 0.160). Pavilion Lake has the lowest Ca2+ and TP concentrations, and the highest Na+ concentrations and optical transmissivity amongst all sampled sites. Furthermore, the lake is characterized by low sedimentation rates. These characteristics are potentially important factors in supporting the past and on-going development of microbialites within the lake. Our study provides a limnochemical reference to consider in the conceptualization of ideal environments supporting large-scale microbialites. C1 [Lim, Darlene S. S.; Mckay, C. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lim, Darlene S. S.; Andersen, D.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Laval, B. E.; Forrest, A. L.; Pike, W.; Pieters, R.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Civil Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Slater, G.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Antoniades, D.] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Saffari, M.] Pacific Environm Sci Ctr, N Vancouver, BC V7H 1B1, Canada. [Reid, D.] Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada. [Schulze-Makuch, D.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lim, DSS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Darlene.Lim@nasa.gov RI Laval, Bernard/J-9861-2012; Forrest, Alexander/C-3765-2014; OI Forrest, Alexander/0000-0002-7853-9765; Schulze-Makuch, Dirk/0000-0002-1923-9746 FU Canadian Space Agency's 'Canadian Analog Research Network' Program; NASA ASTEP; Spaceward Bound; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); National Geographic Society; National Research Council/Oak Ridge Associated Universities Post-Doctoral Research Associateship Program; Davies Charitable Foundation FX We thank the Canadian Space Agency's 'Canadian Analog Research Network' Program, NASA ASTEP and Spaceward Bound, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada's Discovery Grant program, and the National Geographic Society for financial support of this and other on-going research in the Pavilion Lake region. D. Lim also extends her thanks to: the National Research Council/Oak Ridge Associated Universities Post-Doctoral Research Associateship Program and the Davies Charitable Foundation Post-doctoral Award. Thank you to A. Brady for editorial input and to K. Howard for assistance with Fig. I (map). We are also grateful to all of the members of the Pavilion Lake Research Project for their continued field and intellectual support, to Linda and Mickey Macri and Ron and Lorna Cook for hosting the project, and to the Pavilion Community in general for all of their goodwill. In particular, we would also like to extend our thanks to Ts' Kw' aylaxw First Nation and British Columbia Parks for their support over the years. This is PLRP publication number 08-02. NR 49 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 25 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1863-9135 J9 FUND APPL LIMNOL JI Fundam. Appl. Limnol. PY 2009 VL 173 IS 4 BP 329 EP 351 DI 10.1127/1863-9135/2009/0173-0329 PG 23 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 419FP UT WOS:000264204800007 ER PT S AU Giannakopoulou, D Pasareanu, CS AF Giannakopoulou, Dimitra Pasareanu, Corina S. BE Chechik, M Wirsing, M TI Interface Generation and Compositional Verification in JavaPathfinder SO FUNDAMENTAL APPROACHES TO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering held in Conjuction with European Conference on Theory and Practice of Software CY MAR 22-29, 2009 CL York, ENGLAND SP ERCIM, Microsoft Res, Rolls Royce ID MODEL CHECKING AB We present a novel algorithm for interface generation of software components. Given a component, our algorithm uses learning techniques to compute a permissive interface representing legal usage of the component. Unlike our previous work, this algorithm does not require knowledge about the component's environment. Furthermore, in contrast to other related approaches, our algorithm computes permissive interfaces even in the presence of non-determinism in the component. Our algorithm is implemented in the JavaPathfinder model checking framework for UML statechart components. We have also added support for automated assume-guarantee style compositional verification in JavaPathfinder, using component interfaces. We report on the application of the approach to interface generation for flight-software components. C1 [Giannakopoulou, Dimitra; Pasareanu, Corina S.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Giannakopoulou, D (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM dimitra.giannakopoulou@nasa.gov; corina.s.pasareanu@nasa.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-00592-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5503 BP 94 EP 108 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJF21 UT WOS:000265405500007 ER PT S AU Sonneborn, G Iping, RC Lundqvist, P Fransson, C AF Sonneborn, George Iping, Rosina C. Lundqvist, Peter Fransson, Claes BE Sonneborn, G VanSteenberg, ME Moos, HW Blair, WP TI Limits on O VI Emission from the Shocked Circumstellar Gas of SN 1987A SO FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future Directions in Untraviolet Spectroscopy Conference CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Annapolis, MD SP NASA Sci Miss Directorate, Canadian Space Agcy, French Space Agcy, CNES DE Supernovae; SN 1987A ID RING AB The Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) was used to search for emission from the shock interaction of the ejecta of SN 1987A with its circumstellar material. FUSE observations of SN 1987A between 2000 and 2007 did not detect broad 0 VI emission. However, 0 VI emission was detected in 2000-2001 with a narrow line width (FWHM <35 km s(-1)) and a heliocentric radial velocity of +280 km s(-1). This places the emitting gas at rest relative to the supernova and is interpreted as emission from unshocked circumstellar gas. This narrow emission had disappeared in 2007 (and possibly earlier) as a result of the advancing shock overtaking the H 11 region that was flash ionized by the supernova explosion in 1987. C1 [Sonneborn, George; Iping, Rosina C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Observat Cosmol, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Iping, Rosina C.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Lundqvist, Peter; Fransson, Claes] Stockholm Observ, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Sonneborn, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Observat Cosmol, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM george.sonneborn@nasa.gov; Rosina.C.Iping@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0672-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1135 BP 37 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BKH41 UT WOS:000268101400007 ER PT S AU Blair, WP Oliveira, CM LaMassa, SM Sankrit, R Danforth, CW AF Blair, William P. Oliveira, Cristina M. LaMassa, Stephanie M. Sankrit, Ravi Danforth, Charles W. BE Sonneborn, G VanSteenberg, ME Moos, HW Blair, WP TI FUSE Observations of O VI Absorption in the Large Magellanic Cloud SO FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future Directions in Untraviolet Spectroscopy Conference CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Annapolis, MD SP NASA Sci Miss Directorate, Canadian Space Agcy, French Space Agcy, CNES DE Far Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy; Magellanic Clouds; interstellar matter ID OVI AB We have embarked on a project to characterize the global properties of OVI absorption toward stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud observed with FUSE. OVI ISM absorption in LMC stellar spectra shows a wide range of appearances, depending on the stellar spectral type and luminosity class as well as the presence or absence of galactic or intermediate velocity absorption. We have performed a careful spectral morphology classification of the sight lines, finding 57 useful targets for measuring OVI. We also identified at least nine sight lines for which upper limits can be determined. By grouping the sight lines based on their spatial morphological characteristics (e.g. field sight lines versus targets within emission structures of various kinds), we find a) evidence for a patchy but generally distributed component of OVI, and b) significant evidence for excess OVI from nebular sub-structures associated with active star formation and superbubbles. C1 [Blair, William P.; Oliveira, Cristina M.; LaMassa, Stephanie M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sankrit, Ravi] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Danforth, Charles W.] Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Blair, WP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM wpb@pha.jhu.edu; oliveira@jhu.edu; danforth@casa.colorado.edu FU NASA FUSE Cycle 5 Legacy [NNG05GE03G] FX This project has been funded through a NASA FUSE Cycle 5 Legacy grant NNG05GE03G to The Johns Hopkins University. It has also made extensive use of the FUSE Magellanic Clouds Legacy site at MAST, also funded by this program (Blair et al. 2009, this conference). Special thanks to Chris Smith and the MCELS team for providing access to the MCELS optical imaging data. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0672-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1135 BP 40 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BKH41 UT WOS:000268101400008 ER PT S AU Blair, WP Oliveira, CM LaMassa, SM Gutman, S Danforth, CW Fullerton, AW Sankrit, R Gruendl, RA Levay, K AF Blair, William P. Oliveira, Cristina M. LaMassa, Stephanie M. Gutman, Serah Danforth, Charles W. Fullerton, Alex W. Sankrit, Ravi Gruendl, Robert A. Levay, Karen BE Sonneborn, G VanSteenberg, ME Moos, HW Blair, WP TI The FUSE/MAST Magellanic Clouds Legacy Project: A New Resource for Magellanic Clouds Researchers SO FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future Directions in Untraviolet Spectroscopy Conference CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Annapolis, MD SP NASA Sci Miss Directorate, Canadian Space Agcy, French Space Agcy, CNES DE Far Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy; OB Stars; Magellanic Clouds; interstellar matter AB We announce the availability of a new online resource through the High Level Science Products program at the Multi-Mission Archive at Space Telescope (MAST). We have reprocessed the entire far-ultraviolet database of sight lines toward stars observed with the FUSE satellite in both Magellanic Clouds (187 in the LMC, 100 in the SMC) using the final version of the FUSE calibration pipeline, CalFUSE 3.2. We have made these data and various sight line summary plots and ancillary supporting information available online at the MAST site http://archive.stsci.edu/prepds/fuse_mc. We describe briefly the products available through this web site, and how they can be used to provide a summary assessment of each sight line for use in a wide range of science investigations. C1 [Blair, William P.; Oliveira, Cristina M.; LaMassa, Stephanie M.; Gutman, Serah] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Danforth, Charles W.] Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fullerton, Alex W.; Levay, Karen] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sankrit, Ravi] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gruendl, Robert A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Levay, Karen] Comp Sci Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Blair, WP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM wpb@pha.jhu.edu; oliveira@jhu.edu; danforth@casa.colorado.edu; fullerton@stsci.edu; klevay@stsci.edu FU NASA FUSE Cycle 5 Legacy [NNG05GE03G] FX This project has been funded through a NASA FUSE Cycle 5 Legacy program grant NNG05GE03G to The Johns Hopkins University. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0672-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1135 BP 43 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BKH41 UT WOS:000268101400009 ER PT S AU Boisse, P Rollinde, E Hebrard, G Hily-Blant, P Pety, J Federman, SR Sheffer, Y Andersson, BG Marmin, G des Forets, GP Roueff, E AF Boisse, P. Rollinde, E. Hebrard, G. Hily-Blant, P. Pety, J. Federman, S. R. Sheffer, Y. Andersson, B. G. Marmin, G. des Forets, G. Pineau Roueff, E. BE Sonneborn, G VanSteenberg, ME Moos, HW Blair, WP TI A Multiwavelength Study of the Close Environment of HD 34078 SO FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future Directions in Untraviolet Spectroscopy Conference CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Annapolis, MD SP NASA Sci Miss Directorate, Canadian Space Agcy, French Space Agcy, CNES DE ISM structure; Molecular clouds ID SMALL-SCALE STRUCTURE; HD-34078; GAS AB We present (CO)-C-12(2-1) emission line observations of the region surrounding HI) 34078, together with new optical and FUSE spectra of this runaway star. CO(2-1) emission peaks close to the star position and correlates well with IR thermal dust emission. Our follow-up of CH and CH+ optical absorption lines confirms the reality of marked time variations while FUSE spectra indicate no such changes for H-2. These results are consistent with a picture in which all absorption lines in HD 34078's spectrum originate from material located close to the star, in a dense inhomogeneous shell formed at the stellar wind/ambient cloud interface where CH and CH+ are overabundant. C1 [Boisse, P.; Rollinde, E.; Hebrard, G.; Marmin, G.] Univ Paris 06, Inst Astrophys Paris, CNRS, UMR7095, 98 Bis Blvd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France. [Hily-Blant, P.; Pety, J.] Domaine Univ, IRAM, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. Astrophys Lab, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Federman, S. R.; Sheffer, Y.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Andersson, B. G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [des Forets, G. Pineau] Univ Orsay, IAS, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Roueff, E.] Observ Paris, LUTH, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Boisse, P (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Inst Astrophys Paris, CNRS, UMR7095, 98 Bis Blvd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France. EM boisse@iap.fr; hebrard@iap.fr OI Andersson, B-G/0000-0001-6717-0686 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0672-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1135 BP 107 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BKH41 UT WOS:000268101400021 ER PT S AU Jensen, AG AF Jensen, Adam G. BE Sonneborn, G VanSteenberg, ME Moos, HW Blair, WP TI Multiwavelength Approaches to Understanding Interstellar Dust SO FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future Directions in Untraviolet Spectroscopy Conference CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Annapolis, MD SP NASA Sci Miss Directorate, Canadian Space Agcy, French Space Agcy, CNES DE ISM: - abundances; dust-abundances ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AB Perhaps more than almost any other subject of astrophysical study, the interstellar medium can be studied at any wavelength-from gamma rays to the radio-with each waveband providing unique and significant information. However, there are substantial limitations on the available data. One such limitation is the fact that very few lines of sight have been adequately observed in multiple wavebands. This in turn restricts our understanding of topics as fundamental as interstellar abundances and dust composition. I will review the reasons that such data limitations exist and specifically describe two accepted observing programs that will, in the near future, utilize a multi-wavelength approach in studying interstellar dust. The first is a Chandra/HST program that will provide unique insight into dust composition by disentangling the gas-phase and dust-phase abundances of oxygen and iron. The second is a Spitzer/HST program that will examine the extinction curves of possible "translucent clouds" at wavelengths from the UV to the IR. C1 Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Jensen, AG (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Adam.Jensen@colorado.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0672-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1135 BP 113 EP 115 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BKH41 UT WOS:000268101400023 ER PT S AU Iping, RC Sonneborn, G Gies, D Williams, S AF Iping, Rosina C. Sonneborn, George Gies, Doug Williams, Steve BE Sonneborn, G VanSteenberg, ME Moos, HW Blair, WP TI Phase-resolved FUV Spectra of Massive Binaries SO FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future Directions in Untraviolet Spectroscopy Conference CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Annapolis, MD SP NASA Sci Miss Directorate, Canadian Space Agcy, French Space Agcy, CNES DE binaries AB We present FUV observations of massive binary systems in the Galaxy, LMC and SMC. The binaries are High Mass X-ray binaries and double-line spectroscopic binaries. Many are eclipsing systems, with well-determined orbits and periods in the range 1.6 - 12 days. The far-UV spectra are used to determine spectrometric changes with phase and terminal velocities from species tracing a range of wind ionization states. We observed each system more than once to sample different orbital phases and spectral variability. All systems show significant changes in the P-Cygni wind profiles with phase. C1 [Iping, Rosina C.] NASA, GSFC, CUA, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Sonneborn, George] NASA, GSFC, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Gies, Doug; Williams, Steve] Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Iping, RC (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, CUA, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM Rosina.C.Iping@nasa.gov; george.sonneborn@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0672-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1135 BP 154 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BKH41 UT WOS:000268101400032 ER PT S AU Nielsen, KE Kober, GV Gull, TR Iping, R Hillier, DJ Sonneborn, G Jensen, AG AF Nielsen, K. E. Kober, G. Vieira Gull, T. R. Iping, R. Hillier, D. J. Sonneborn, G. Jensen, A. G. BE Sonneborn, G VanSteenberg, ME Moos, HW Blair, WP TI Eta Car: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly of Nebular and Stellar Confusion SO FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future Directions in Untraviolet Spectroscopy Conference CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Annapolis, MD SP NASA Sci Miss Directorate, Canadian Space Agcy, French Space Agcy, CNES DE spectroscopy; individual stars: Eta Carinae ID MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; CARINAE; ABSORPTION; SPECTRUM; EJECTA AB Observations in the far-UV provide a unique opportunity to investigate the very massive star eta Car and its hot binary companion, eta Car B. eta Car was observed with FUSE over a large portion of the 5.54 year spectroscopic period before and after the 2003.5 minimum. The observed spectrum is defined by strong stellar wind signatures, primarily from eta Car A, complicated by the strong absorptions of the ejecta surrounding eta Car plus interstellar absorption. The Homunculus and Little Homunculus are massive bipolar ejecta historically associable with LBV outbursts in the 1840s and the 1890s and are linked to absorptions at -513 and -146 km s(-1), respectively. The FUSE spectra are confused by the extended nebulosity and thermal drifting of the FUSE co-pointed instruments. Interpretation is further complicated by two B-stars sufficiently close to eta Car to be included most of the time in the large FUSE aperture. Followup observations partially succeeded in obtaining spectra of at least one of these B-stars through the smaller apertures, allowing potential separation of the B-star contributions and eta Car. A complete analysis of all available spectra is currently underway. Our ultimate goals are to directly detect the hot secondary star if possible with FUSE and to identify the absorption contributions to the overall spectrum especially of the stellar members and the massive ejecta. C1 [Nielsen, K. E.; Kober, G. Vieira; Iping, R.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Nielsen, K. E.; Kober, G. Vieira; Gull, T. R.; Iping, R.; Sonneborn, G.; Jensen, A. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Astrophys Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hillier, D. J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Nielsen, KE (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM nielsen@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; gkober@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; Ted.Gull@nasa.gov; Rosina.C.Iping@nasa.gov; george.sonneborn@nasa.gov; Adam.Jensen@colorado.edu RI Gull, Theodore/D-2753-2012 OI Gull, Theodore/0000-0002-6851-5380 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0672-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1135 BP 162 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BKH41 UT WOS:000268101400034 ER PT S AU Sonneborn, G Iping, RC Herald, J AF Sonneborn, George Iping, Rosina C. Herald, James BE Sonneborn, G VanSteenberg, ME Moos, HW Blair, WP TI Far-UV Temperature Diagnostics for Hot Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae SO FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future Directions in Untraviolet Spectroscopy Conference CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Annapolis, MD SP NASA Sci Miss Directorate, Canadian Space Agcy, French Space Agcy, CNES DE Planetary nebulae central stars; Effective temperatures AB We report on an analysis and modeling of the FUSE spectrum of HD 200516, the central star of NGC 7009, and find strong evidence that the effective temperature is close to 95,OOOK. This is significantly hotter than the 82,OOOK found from the analysis of optical He 11 lines. This determination used the numerous lines of highly ionized abundant elements (O, Fe, Ni) that are located in the far-UV spectrum of hot post-AGB stars. There is also evidence that the fluorine abundance in HD 200516 may be significantly enhanced. C1 [Sonneborn, George; Iping, Rosina C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Observat Cosmol, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Iping, Rosina C.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Herald, James] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Sonneborn, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Observat Cosmol, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM george.sonneborn@nasa.gov; Rosina.C.Iping@nasa.gov; herald@pha.jhu.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0672-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1135 BP 177 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BKH41 UT WOS:000268101400039 ER PT S AU Roberge, A AF Roberge, Aki BE Sonneborn, G VanSteenberg, ME Moos, HW Blair, WP TI Gas in Protoplanetary and Debris Disks: Insights from UV Spectroscopy SO FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future Directions in Untraviolet Spectroscopy Conference CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Annapolis, MD SP NASA Sci Miss Directorate, Canadian Space Agcy, French Space Agcy, CNES DE Debris disks; Protoplanetary disks; Pre-main sequence objects ID PICTORIS CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; BETA-PICTORIS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; H-2 EMISSION; YOUNG STARS; AB AURIGAE; CO AB Over the last two decades, observations of protoplanetary and debris disks have played an important role in the new field of extrasolar planetary studies. Many are familiar with the extensive work on cold circumstellar dust present in these disks, primarily performed using infrared and sub-millimeter photometry and spectroscopy. However, UV spectroscopy has made some unique contributions by probing the elusive but vital gas component in protoplanetary and debris disks. This article outlines our picture of the evolution of protoplanetary disks and discusses the importance of the gas component. New insights obtained from UV spectroscopy are highlighted, as well as some new puzzles. A major upcoming study of gas in disks at far-IR wavelengths is briefly described. Finally, the potential for future UV observations with proposed space telescopes aimed at characterization of habitable exoplanets is discussed. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Roberge, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Aki.Roberge@nasa.gov RI Roberge, Aki/D-2782-2012 OI Roberge, Aki/0000-0002-2989-3725 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0672-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1135 BP 278 EP 285 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BKH41 UT WOS:000268101400057 ER PT S AU Gull, TR AF Gull, Theodore R. BE Sonneborn, G VanSteenberg, ME Moos, HW Blair, WP TI Imaging UV/Visible Spectroscopy: Is there a Future? SO FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future Directions in Untraviolet Spectroscopy Conference CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Annapolis, MD SP NASA Sci Miss Directorate, Canadian Space Agcy, French Space Agcy, CNES DE Spectroscopy; Space Observatories; Ultraviolet; Visible AB A number of studies of large (4 to 16 meter class) ultraviolet and visible space telescopes are under-way. Unfortunately the emphasis is on surveys with large fields, studies of the intergalactic medium or imaging of earth-like planets with emphasis on 'killer applications'. To date, a full complement of instruments designed to support a balanced astronomy program has not been included. Spectroscopy, especially imaging spectroscopy that takes advantage of angular resolution approaching the diffraction limit of the primary mirror, is treated as an add-on, rather than an integral component in these telescope designs. Studies of specific complex objects whether they be a galaxy, stars within a globular cluster, stars with mass loss, star formation regions or proto-planetary disks, would benefit immensely with an advanced version of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. C1 NASA, Astrophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gull, TR (reprint author), NASA, Astrophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Ted.Gull@nasa.gov RI Gull, Theodore/D-2753-2012 OI Gull, Theodore/0000-0002-6851-5380 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0672-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1135 BP 332 EP 334 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BKH41 UT WOS:000268101400067 ER PT S AU Churnside, J Brodeur, R Horne, J Adam, P Benoit-Bird, K Reese, DC Kaltenberg, A Brown, E AF Churnside, James Brodeur, Richard Horne, John Adam, Patrick Benoit-Bird, Kelly Reese, Douglas C. Kaltenberg, Amanda Brown, Evelyn BE Beamish, RJ Rothschild, BJ TI Combining Techniques for Remotely Assessing Pelagic Nekton: Getting the Whole Picture SO FUTURE OF FISHERIES SCIENCE IN NORTH AMERICA SE Fish and Fisheries Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future of Fishery Science in North America CY FEB 13-15, 2007 CL Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol, CANADA SP Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Dept Fisheries & Ocean Canada, AIFRB HO Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol DE Fisheries surveys; lidar; pelagic nekton ID AIRBORNE LIDAR; COASTAL AB A variety of observational techniques either have been developed or are under development for fisheries research. These techniques have greatly increased the quantity and quality of information that can be obtained from a research survey and it is anticipated that this trend will continue. Traditional ship-based surveys will be supplemented by data collected from fixed moorings autonomous underwater vehicles, aircraft, and satellites. Each of these platforms is limited in the spatial and temporal scales that can be sampled. By combining data from multiple platforms and sensors, we will be able to obtain a more complete picture of the components of a particular ecosystem over a greater range of scales. This is particularly true for pelagic nekton, which can move independent of fluid motion. In many cases, the observational difficulties created by this mobility can be mitigated by the use of aircraft, which can cover large areas with optical instruments such as imagers and Light Detection and Ranging (lidar). C1 [Churnside, James] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, CSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Brodeur, Richard; Reese, Douglas C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Horne, John; Adam, Patrick] Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Benoit-Bird, Kelly; Kaltenberg, Amanda] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brown, Evelyn] Flying Fish Ltd, Husum, WA 98623 USA. RP Churnside, J (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, CSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov; Rick.Brodeur@noaa.gov; jhorne@u.washington.edu; patrick1@u.washington.edu; kbenoit@coas.oregonstate.edu; dreese@lifetime.oregonstate.edu; akaltenb@coas.oregonstate.edu; husumbandb@earthlink.net RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1367-8396 BN 978-1-4020-9209-1 J9 FISH FISH SER JI Fish Fisheries Series PY 2009 VL 31 BP 345 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9210-7_19 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BJH18 UT WOS:000265786100019 ER PT S AU Grebowsky, J Sibeck, D AF Grebowsky, J. Sibeck, D. BE Hirahara, M Shinohara, I Miyoshi, Y Terada, N Mukai, T TI NASA's Formulation of Two Multiple Spacecraft Missions To Explore the Ionosphere and Thermosphere SO FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF SPACE PLASMA AND PARTICLE INSTRUMENTATION AND INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Future Perspectives of Space Plasma and Particle Instrumentation and International Collaborations CY NOV 01-03, 2006 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Rikkyo Univ, Nagoya Univ, Solar Terrestrial Environm Lab, Japan AerospExplorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci AB The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration has formulated two ionosphere-thermosphere (I-T) spacecraft missions to solve major unresolved I-T problems. These missions are the three or four spacecraft Geospace Electrodynamic Connections (GEC) mission and NASA's Living with a Star Program's two spacecraft Ionosphere-Thermosphere Storm Probes (I-TSP) mission. The spacecraft on these missions will measure in situ all of the neutral atmosphere and ionosphere properties, including densities, temperatures and the ion and neutral velocities, needed to understand the local state and dynamics of the system. The two I-TSP spacecraft will focus on the middle latitudes. The goal of I-TSP is to understand the physics of communications-affecting ionospheric structures. On the other hand, the multiple spacecraft of GEC will also carry electric field and energetic charged particle instruments to measure the magnetospheric energy inputs and carry sufficient propulsion to make several weeklong deep-dipping campaigns to below 150km. GEC's objective is to resolve how the ionosphere-thermosphere system responds to magnetospheric energy inputs and how in turn it feeds back on the magnetosphere. There has been a dearth of missions to this upper regime of our atmosphere and these two planned missions would provide the means to finally resolve key space weather and compelling science problems. C1 [Grebowsky, J.; Sibeck, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Grebowsky, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Sibeck, David/D-4424-2012; Grebowsky, Joseph/I-7185-2013 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0681-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1144 BP 207 EP 211 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BLS33 UT WOS:000270932100034 ER PT S AU Barthelmy, SD AF Barthelmy, Scott D. CA Swift Team BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Swift: Status and Future Developments SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE gamma-rays: bursts ID TELESCOPE AB We describe the current status of the Swift mission: its performance metrics and the state of health of the instruments and the mission; and in the future new functions, enhancements, and efforts to improve the quality of the science output and its productivity. C1 [Barthelmy, Scott D.; Swift Team] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Barthelmy, SD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 3 EP 6 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300001 ER PT S AU Bhat, PN Meegan, CA Lichti, GG Briggs, AS Connaughton, V Diehl, R Fishman, GJ Greiner, J Kippen, RM Kouveliotou, C Paciesas, WS Preece, RD von Kienlin, A AF Bhat, P. N. Meegan, C. A. Lichti, G. G. Briggs, M. S. Connaughton, V. Diehl, R. Fishman, G. J. Greiner, J. Kippen, R. M. Kouveliotou, C. Paciesas, W. S. Preece, R. D. von Kienlin, A. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor Instrument SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE Gamma-ray Burst Instrumentation AB The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope launched on June 11, 2008 carries two experiments onboard - the Large Area Telescope (LAT) and the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM). The primary mission of the GBM instrument is to support the LAT in observing gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by providing low-energy measurements with high temporal and spectral resolution as well as rapid burst locations over a large field-of-view (>= 8 sr). The GBM will complement the LAT measurements by observing GRBs in the energy range 8 keV to 40 Mev, the region of the spectral turnover in most GRBs. The GBM detector signals are processed by the onboard digital processing unit (DPU). We describe some of the hardware features of the DPU and its expected limitations during intense triggers. C1 [Bhat, P. N.; Briggs, M. S.; Connaughton, V.; Paciesas, W. S.; Preece, R. D.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Meegan, C. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL USA. [Lichti, G. G.; von Kienlin, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Garching, Germany. [Fishman, G. J.; Kouveliotou, C.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Kippen, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Bhat, PN (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; OI Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 34 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300007 ER PT S AU Briggs, MS Connaughton, V Meegan, CA Wilson-Hodge, C Kippen, M Hurley, K AF Briggs, Michael S. Connaughton, Valerie Meegan, Charles A. Wilson-Hodge, Colleen Kippen, Marc Hurley, Kevin BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI The Accuracy of GBM GRB Locations SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE Gamma rays: Bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURST AB The Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) locates transient gamma-ray sources using the relative rates in the twelve NaI detectors. The location algorithm is described. This method is subject to both statistical and systematic errors. Three types of locations are produced: automatic locations by the Flight Software onboard GBM, automatic locations by ground software, and human-guided locations. A Bayesian model comparison method is used to analyze the error distributions of the GBM GRB locations. The analysis uses samples of accurate reference locations provided by other instruments. C1 [Briggs, Michael S.; Connaughton, Valerie] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Meegan, Charles A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Wilson-Hodge, Colleen] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Kippen, Marc] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hurley, Kevin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Briggs, MS (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 40 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300009 ER PT S AU Connaughton, V Briggs, M Meegan, C Paciesas, B AF Connaughton, Valerie Briggs, Michael Meegan, Charles Paciesas, Bill BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Fermi GBM Early Trigger Characteristics SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE Gamma rays: Bursts AB Since the launch of the Fermi observatory on June 11 2008, the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) has seen approximately 250 triggers of which about 150 were cosmic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). GBM operates dozens of trigger algorithms covering various energy bands and timescales and is therefore sensitive to a wide variety of phenomena, both astrophysical and not. C1 [Connaughton, Valerie; Briggs, Michael; Paciesas, Bill] Univ Alabama Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Meegan, Charles] NASA, MSFC, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Connaughton, V (reprint author), Univ Alabama Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. FU NASA in the US; DRL in Germany FX The Fermi GBM team is grateful for support by NASA in the US and by DRL in Germany. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 43 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300010 ER PT S AU Evans, PA Beardmore, AP Page, KL Osborne, JP Burrows, DN Gehrels, N AF Evans, P. A. Beardmore, A. P. Page, K. L. Osborne, J. P. Burrows, D. N. Gehrels, N. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI GRB sample statistics from a uniform, automatic analysis of XRT data SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE Gamma rays: bursts; X-rays: observations; Methods: data analysis; Catalogues ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; LIGHT CURVES; SWIFT AB For every GRB detected by the XRT onboard Swift, a series of analysis scripts are automatically executed. These produce enhanced positions with errors as small as 1.4 '' (90% confidence), light curves, and spectra, which are immediately made available online at http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_products. These products have been extensively verified by the XRT team, and are 'science-grade'; that is, they are generally as reliable as products generated manually by experts and can be used in scientific analysis. Our automated approach yields a uniformly derived set of products for all GRBs observed by Swift's XRT, allowing us to determine some sample statistics. We have also developed web-based versions of our software, available on-demand, to produce positions, light curves and spectra for any object observed by the XRT. C1 [Evans, P. A.; Beardmore, A. P.; Page, K. L.; Osborne, J. P.] Univ Leicester, Xray & Observat Astron Grp, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Burrows, D. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Evans, PA (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Xray & Observat Astron Grp, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 46 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300011 ER PT S AU Hurley, K Cline, T Mitrofanov, IG Golovin, D Litvak, ML Sanin, AB Boynton, W Fellows, C Harshman, K Star, R Golenetskii, S Aptekar, R Mazets, E Pal'shin, V Frederiks, D Smith, DM Wigger, C Hajdas, W Zehnder, A von Kienlin, A Lichti, GG Rau, A Yamaoka, K Ohno, M Fukazawa, Y Takahashi, T Tashiro, M Terada, Y Murakami, T Makishima, K Barthelmy, S Cummings, J Gehrels, N Krimm, H Goldsten, J Del Monte, E Feroci, M Marisaldi, M AF Hurley, K. Cline, T. Mitrofanov, I. G. Golovin, D. Litvak, M. L. Sanin, A. B. Boynton, W. Fellows, C. Harshman, K. Star, R. Golenetskii, S. Aptekar, R. Mazets, E. Pal'shin, V. Frederiks, D. Smith, D. M. Wigger, C. Hajdas, W. Zehnder, A. von Kienlin, A. Lichti, G. G. Rau, A. Yamaoka, K. Ohno, M. Fukazawa, Y. Takahashi, T. Tashiro, M. Terada, Y. Murakami, T. Makishima, K. Barthelmy, S. Cummings, J. Gehrels, N. Krimm, H. Goldsten, J. Del Monte, E. Feroci, M. Marisaldi, M. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI The Status and Future of the Third Interplanetary Network SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE gamma-rays: bursts; instrumentation: detectors AB The 3rd interplanetary network (IPN), which has been in operation since 1990, presently consists of 9 spacecraft: AGILE, RHESSI, Suzaku, and Swift, in low Earth orbit; INTEGRAL, in eccentric Earth orbit with apogee 0.5 light-seconds; Wind, up to similar to 7 light-seconds from Earth; MESSENGER, en route to Mercury; and Mars Odyssey, in orbit around Mars. Ulysses and HETE have ceased operations, and the Fermi GBM is being incorporated into the network. The IPN operates as a full-time, all-sky monitor for transients down to a threshold of about 6x10(-7) erg cm(-2) or 1 photon cm(-2) s(-1). It detects about 275 cosmic gamma-ray bursts per year. These events are generally not the same ones detected by narrower field of view imaging instruments such as Swift, INTEGRAL IBIS, and SuperAGILE; the localization accuracy is in the several arcminute and above range. C1 [Hurley, K.] UC Berkeley Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Cline, T.; Star, R.; Barthelmy, S.; Cummings, J.; Gehrels, N.; Krimm, H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Mitrofanov, I. G.; Litvak, M. L.; Sanin, A. B.] IKI, Moscow, Russia. [Boynton, W.; Fellows, C.; Harshman, K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Golenetskii, S.; Aptekar, R.; Mazets, E.; Pal'shin, V.; Frederiks, D.] Ioffe Phys Tech Inst Russian Acad Sci, St Petersburg, Russia. [Smith, D. M.] Univ Calif, Phys Dept & Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Wigger, C.; Zehnder, A.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [von Kienlin, A.; Lichti, G. G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Garching, Germany. [Rau, A.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA USA. [Yamaoka, K.] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys & Math, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [Ohno, M.; Fukazawa, Y.] ISAS, Dept High Energy Astrophys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [Takahashi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Hiroshima, Japan. [Tashiro, M.; Terada, Y.] Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Skura Ku, Saitama, Japan. [Murakami, T.] Kanazawa Univ, Dept Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. [Makishima, K.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunyo Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Goldsten, J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Del Monte, E.; Feroci, M.] INAF IASF, Rome, Italy. [Marisaldi, M.] INAF IASF, Bologna, Italy. RP Hurley, K (reprint author), UC Berkeley Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Frederiks, Dmitry/C-7612-2014; Pal'shin, Valentin/F-3973-2014; Aptekar, Raphail/B-3456-2015; Golenetskii, Sergey/B-3818-2015; OI Frederiks, Dmitry/0000-0002-1153-6340; Feroci, Marco/0000-0002-7617-3421; Marisaldi, Martino/0000-0002-4000-3789 FU JPL [78514]; NASA [NNX08AZ85G, NNX08AC90G, NNX08AN23G,, NNX07AR71G]; INTEGRAL was supported in Germany by the "Ministerium fur Bildung und Forschung" via DLR [50.OG.9503.0] FX The IPN is presently supported by JPL Contract 78514, and NASA Grants NNX08AZ85G, NNX08AC90G, NNX08AN23G, and NNX07AR71G. INTEGRAL was supported in Germany by the Ministerium fur Bildung und Forschung via DLR under grant 50.OG.9503.0. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 55 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300014 ER PT S AU McConnell, ML Angelini, L Baring, MG Barthelmy, S Black, JK Bloser, PF Dennis, B Emslie, AG Greiner, J Hajdas, W Harding, AK Hartmann, DH Hill, JE Ioka, K Kaaret, P Kanbach, G Kniffen, D Legere, JS Macri, JR Morris, R Nakamura, T Produit, N Ryan, JM Sakamoto, T Toma, K Wu, X Yamazaki, R Zhang, B AF McConnell, M. L. Angelini, L. Baring, M. G. Barthelmy, S. Black, J. K. Bloser, P. F. Dennis, B. Emslie, A. G. Greiner, J. Hajdas, W. Harding, A. K. Hartmann, D. H. Hill, J. E. Ioka, K. Kaaret, P. Kanbach, G. Kniffen, D. Legere, J. S. Macri, J. R. Morris, R. Nakamura, T. Produit, N. Ryan, J. M. Sakamoto, T. Toma, K. Wu, X. Yamazaki, R. Zhang, B. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI GRB Polarimetry with POET SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE Gamma-ray Bursts; Polarimetry; X-ray; Gamma-ray ID X-RAY; ASTRONOMY AB POET (Polarimeters for Energetic Transients) represents a concept for a Small Explorer (SMEX) satellite mission, whose principal scientific goal is to understand the structure of GRB sources through sensitive X-ray and gamma-ray polarization measurements. The payload consists of two wide field-of-view (FoV) instruments: a Low Energy Polarimeter (LEP) capable of polarization measurements in the energy range from 2-15 keV and a high energy polarimeter (Gamma-Ray Polarimeter Experiment or GRAPE) that would measure polarization in the 60-500 keV energy range. The POET spacecraft provides a zenith-pointed platform for maximizing the exposure to deep space. Spacecraft rotation provides a means of effectively dealing with any residual systematic effects in the polarization response. POET provides sufficient sensitivity and sky coverage to measure statistically significant polarization (for polarization levels in excess of 20%) for similar to 80 GRBs in a two-year mission. High energy polarization data would also be obtained for SGRs, solar flares, pulsars and other sources of astronomical interest. C1 [McConnell, M. L.; Bloser, P. F.; Legere, J. S.; Macri, J. R.; Ryan, J. M.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Angelini, L.; Barthelmy, S.; Dennis, B.; Harding, A. K.; Hill, J. E.; Nakamura, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Space Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Black, J. K.] Rock Creek Scient, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Emslie, A. G.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Greiner, J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Hajdas, W.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Hartmann, D. H.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Hill, J. E.; Nakamura, T.] Univ Space Res Assoc, CRESST, Washington, DC USA. [Nakamura, T.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Kaaret, P.; Morris, R.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kniffen, D.; Morris, R.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Produit, N.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Chavannes Des Bois, Switzerland. [Ryan, J. M.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Toma, K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wu, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Yamazaki, R.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Zhang, B.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP McConnell, ML (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Wu, Xuefeng/G-5316-2015 OI Wu, Xuefeng/0000-0002-6299-1263 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 64 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300017 ER PT S AU Sakamoto, T Gehrels, N AF Sakamoto, T. Gehrels, N. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Indication of Two Classes in the Swift Short Gamma-Ray Bursts from the XRT X-Ray Afterglow Light Curves SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE gamma ray: bursts ID GALAXY AB We present the discovery of two distinct classes in the Swift short duration gamma-ray bursts (S-GRBs) from the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) X-ray afterglow light curve. We find that about 40% of the Swift S-GRBs have an X-ray afterglow light curves which only lasts less than 10(4) seconds after the burst trigger (hereafter short-lived S-GRBs). On the other hand, another 60% of S-GRBs have a long lasting X-ray afterglow light curve which resembles the long duration gamma-ray bursts. We also find that none of the short-lived S-GRBs shows the extended emission in the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) energy range. We compare the burst properties for both the prompt emission and the afterglow, and discuss the possibility of different progenitors for the Swift short GRBs. C1 [Sakamoto, T.] CRESST, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sakamoto, T.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sakamoto, T (reprint author), CRESST, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 112 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300031 ER PT S AU Curran, PA van der Horst, AJ Starling, RLC Wijers, RAMJ AF Curran, P. A. van der Horst, A. J. Starling, R. L. C. Wijers, R. A. M. J. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Swift GRBs and the blast wave model SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE Gamma rays: bursts; X-rays: bursts; Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; AFTERGLOW LIGHT CURVES; ULTRARELATIVISTIC SHOCKS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; ENVIRONMENT; EMISSION; FLARES AB The complex structure of the light curves of Swift GRBs has made their interpretation and that of the blast wave caused by the burst, more difficult than in the pre-Swift era. We aim to constrain the blast wave parameters: electron energy distribution, p, density profile of the circumburst medium, k, and the continued energy injection index, q. We do so by comparing the observed multi-wavelength light curves and X-ray spectra of a Swift sample to the predictions of the blast wave model. We can successfully interpret all of the bursts in our sample of 10, except two, within the framework of the blast wave model, and we can estimate with confidence the electron energy distribution index for 6 of the sample. Furthermore we identify jet breaks in half of the bursts. A statistical analysis of the distribution of p reveals that, even in the most conservative case of least scatter, the values are not consistent with a single, universal value. The values of k suggest that the circumburst density profiles are not drawn from only one of the constant density or wind-like media populations. C1 [Curran, P. A.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Curran, P. A.; Wijers, R. A. M. J.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [van der Horst, A. J.] NASA, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Starling, R. L. C.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Curran, PA (reprint author), Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM pac@mssl.ucl.ac.uk RI Curran, Peter/B-5293-2013 OI Curran, Peter/0000-0003-3003-4626 FU NWO [639.043.302]; STFC; NASA Postdoctoral Program at the MSFC; Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA FX We thank P.A. Evans & K.L. Page for useful discussions on the XRT. PAC & RAMJW gratefully acknowledge support of NWO under Vici grant 639.043.302. PAC & RLCS acknowledge support from STFC. AJvdH was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the MSFC, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 187 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300044 ER PT S AU van der Horst, AJ Kouveliotou, C Gehrels, N Rol, E Wijers, RAMJ Cannizzo, JK Racusin, J Burrows, DN AF van der Horst, A. J. Kouveliotou, C. Gehrels, N. Rol, E. Wijers, R. A. M. J. Cannizzo, J. K. Racusin, J. Burrows, D. N. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Dark Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Swift Era SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE Gamma rays: bursts ID AFTERGLOW LIGHT CURVES; OPTICAL COUNTERPART; ERROR BOX; GRB-051022; SUPERNOVA; EMISSION; ENVIRONMENT; GRB-050401; TELESCOPE; REDSHIFT AB We propose a new method for the classification of optically dark gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), based on the X-ray and optical-to-X-ray spectral indices of GRB afterglows, and utilizing the spectral capabilities of Swift. This method depends less on model assumptions than previous methods, and can be used as a quick diagnostic tool to identify optically sub-luminous bursts. With this method we can also find GRBs that are extremely bright at optical wavelengths. We show that the previously suggested correlation between the optical darkness and the X-ray/gamma-ray brightness is merely an observational selection effect. C1 [van der Horst, A. J.] NASA, Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Kouveliotou, C.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 38505 USA. [Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rol, E.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Wijers, R. A. M. J.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Cannizzo, J. K.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Astrophys, CRESST, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Racusin, J.; Burrows, D. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP van der Horst, AJ (reprint author), NASA, Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM Alexander.J.VanDerHorst@nasa.gov RI Racusin, Judith/D-2935-2012; OI Wijers, Ralph/0000-0002-3101-1808 FU appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the MSFC FX We thank Pall Jakobsson for useful discussions and suggestions. AJvdH was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the MSFC, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 193 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300045 ER PT S AU Vetere, L Burrows, DN Gehrels, N Meszaros, P Wang, X AF Vetere, L. Burrows, D. N. Gehrels, N. Meszaros, P. Wang, X. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI GRBs with no afterglow even in the Swift Era? SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE X-ray; gamma-ray; gamma-ray bursts AB Thanks to its great capability Swift succeeds detecting an afterglow more than 93% of the time BAT triggers a new event. In a few cases, mainly Short GRBs or late observations, XRT did not detect any emission. However, for at least seven Long GRBs XRT could not measure any X-afterglow either, even as early as 100s after the BAT trigger. The detection of this new class of GRBs without any X-ray emission has raised many questions. Are these extreme naked GRB? Is this a completely new class of objects with an uncommon emission release? In this contribution we present a study on these unusual events. We analyse their peculiar behaviour in the Gamma and X-ray bands and discuss their singular origin. C1 [Vetere, L.; Burrows, D. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Meszaros, P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA USA. [Wang, X.] Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Vetere, L (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 199 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300046 ER PT S AU Sakamoto, T Donato, D Gehrels, N Okajima, T Ukwatta, TN AF Sakamoto, Takanori Donato, Davide Gehrels, Neil Okajima, Takashi Ukwatta, Tilan N. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Goddard Robotic Telescope - Optical Follow-up of GRBs and Coordinated Observation of AGNs SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE gamma ray: bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; PROMPT AB We are constructing the 14 '' fully automated optical robotic telescope, Goddard Robotic Telescope (GRT), at the Goddard Geophysical and Astronomical Observatory. The aims of our robotic telescope are 1) to follow-up the Swift/Fermi Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and 2) to perform the coordinated optical observations of the Fermi/Large Area Telescope (LAT) Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Our telescope system consists of the 14 '' Celestron Optical Telescope Assembly (OTA), the Astro-Physics 1200GTO mount, the Apogee U47 CCD camera, the JMI's electronic focuser, and the Finger Lake Instrumentation's color filter wheel with U, B, V, R and I filters. With the focal reducer, 20' x 20' field of view has been achieved. The observatory dome is the Astro Haven's 7ft clam-shell dome. We started the scientific observations on mid-November 2008. While not observing our primary targets (GRBs and AGNs), we are planning to open our telescope time to the public for having a wider use of our telescope in both a different research field and an educational purpose. C1 [Sakamoto, Takanori; Donato, Davide] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sakamoto, Takanori; Donato, Davide] NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sakamoto, Takanori] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Sakamoto, Takanori; Donato, Davide; Gehrels, Neil; Okajima, Takashi; Ukwatta, Tilan N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. [Donato, Davide] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Okajima, Takashi] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ukwatta, Tilan N.] George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Sakamoto, T (reprint author), CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 244 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300060 ER PT S AU Krimm, HA Yamaoka, K Ohno, M Sakamoto, T Sato, G Sugita, S Tashiro, M Hara, R Tanaka, H Ohmori, A Yamauchi, M Onda, K AF Krimm, Hans A. Yamaoka, Kazutaka Ohno, Masanori Sakamoto, Takanori Sato, Goro Sugita, Satoshi Tashiro, Makoto Hara, R. Tanaka, H. Ohmori, A. Yamauchi, M. Onda, Kaori BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Reviewing E-peak relations with Swift and Suzaku data SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE gamma rays: bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; SPECTRAL CATALOG; MISSION; BAT AB In recent years several authors have derived correlations between gamma-ray burst (GRB) spectral peak energy (E-peak) and either isotropic-equivalent radiated energy (E-iso) or peak luminosity (L-iso). Since these relationships are controversial, but could provide redshift estimators, it is important to determine whether bursts detected by Swift exhibit the same correlations. Swift has greatly added to the number of GRBs for which redshifts are known and hence E-iso and L-iso could be calculated. However, for most bursts it is not possible to adequately constrain E-peak with Swift data alone since many GRBs have E-peak above the energy range (15-150 keV) of the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT). Therefore we have analyzed the spectra of 78 bursts (31 with redshift) which were detected by both Swift/BAT and the Suzaku Wide-band All-sky Monitor (WAM), which covers the energy range 50-5000 keV. For most bursts in this sample we can precisely determine E-peak and for bursts with known redshift we can compare how the E-peak relations for the Swift/Suzaku sample compare to earlier published results. C1 [Krimm, Hans A.; Sakamoto, Takanori] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Krimm, Hans A.; Sakamoto, Takanori] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yamaoka, Kazutaka; Sugita, Satoshi] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. [Ohno, Masanori; Sato, Goro] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Sakamoto, Takanori] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Tashiro, Makoto; Onda, Kaori] Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Sakura Ku, Saitama 3358570, Japan. [Hara, R.; Tanaka, H.; Ohmori, A.; Yamauchi, M.] Miyazaki Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. RP Krimm, HA (reprint author), CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. FU Swift project FX H.A.K. and T.S. are supported by the Swift project. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 344 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300081 ER PT S AU Stamatikos, M Ukwatta, TN Sakamoto, T Dhuga, KS Toma, K Pe'er, A Meszaros, P Band, DL Norris, JP Barthelmy, SD Gehrels, N AF Stamatikos, Michael Ukwatta, Tilan N. Sakamoto, Takanori Dhuga, Kalvir S. Toma, Kenji Pe'er, Asaf Meszaros, Peter Band, David L. Norris, Jay P. Barthelmy, Scott D. Gehrels, Neil BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI The Correlation of Spectral Lag Evolution with Prompt Optical Emission in GRB 080319B SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE gamma rays: bursts; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; temporal analysis ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; LUMINOSITY; BAT AB We report on observations of correlated behavior between the prompt gamma-ray and optical emission from GRB 080319B, which confirm that (i) they occurred within the same astrophysical source region and (ii) their respective radiation mechanisms were dynamically coupled. Our results, based upon a new cross-correlation function (CCF) methodology for determining the time-resolved spectral lag, are summarized as follows. First, the evolution in the arrival offset of prompt gamma-ray photon counts between Swift-BAT 15-25 keV and 50-100 keV energy bands (intrinsic gamma-ray spectral lag) appears to be anti-correlated with the arrival offset between prompt 15-350 keV gamma-rays and the optical emission observed by TORTORA (extrinsic optical/gamma-ray spectral lag), thus effectively partitioning the burst into two main episodes at similar to T + 28 +/- 2 sec. Second, the rise and decline of prompt optical emission at similar to T + 10 +/- 1 sec and similar to T + 50 +/- 1 sec, respectively, both coincide with discontinuities in the hard to soft evolution of the photon index for a power law fit to 15-150 keV Swift-BAT data at similar to T + 8 +/- 2 sec and similar to T + 48 +/- 1 sec. These spectral energy changes also coincide with intervals whose time-resolved spectral lag values are consistent with zero, at similar to T + 12 +/- 2 sec and similar to T + 50 +/- 2 sec. These results, which are robust across heuristic permutations of Swift-BAT energy channels and varying temporal bin resolution, have also been corroborated via independent analysis of Konus-Wind data. This potential discovery may provide the first observational evidence for an implicit connection between spectral lags and GRB emission mechanisms in the context of canonical fireball phenomenology. Future work includes exploring a subset of bursts with prompt optical emission to probe the unique or ubiquitous nature of this result. C1 [Stamatikos, Michael; Sakamoto, Takanori; Band, David L.; Barthelmy, Scott D.; Gehrels, Neil] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ukwatta, Tilan N.; Dhuga, Kalvir S.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Sakamoto, Takanori; Band, David L.] Univ Maryland, CRESST, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Toma, Kenji; Meszaros, Peter] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Pe'er, Asaf] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Norris, Jay P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Stamatikos, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Michael.Stamatikos-1@nasa.gov RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012 FU NPP Fellowship at NASA-GSFC FX The authors are grateful to Craig B. Markwardt for very fruitful discussions in regards to this analysis. M. Stamatikos is supported by an NPP Fellowship at NASA-GSFC administered by ORAU. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 356 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300083 ER PT S AU Toma, K Sakamoto, T Zhang, B Hill, JE McConnell, ML Bloser, PE Yamazaki, R Ioka, K Nakamura, T AF Toma, K. Sakamoto, T. Zhang, B. Hill, J. E. McConnell, M. L. Bloser, P. E. Yamazaki, R. Ioka, K. Nakamura, T. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Statistical Properties of Gamma-Ray Burst Polarization SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE gamma-ray sources; gamma-ray bursts; Radiation mechanisms; polarization AB The emission mechanism and the origin and structure of magnetic fields in gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets are among the most important open questions concerning the nature of the central engine of GRBs. In spite of extensive observational efforts, these questions remain to be answered and are difficult or even impossible to infer with the spectral and lightcurve information currently collected. Polarization measurements will lead to unambiguous answers to several of these questions. Recent developments in X-ray and gamma-ray polarimetry techniques have demonstrated a significant increase in sensitivity enabling several new mission concepts, e.g. POET (Polarimeters for Energetic Transients), providing wide field of view and broadband polarimetry measurements. If launched, missions of this kind would finally provide definitive measurements of GRB polarizations. We perform Monte Carlo simulations to derive the distribution of GRB polarizations in three emission models; the synchrotron model with a globally ordered magnetic field (SO model), the synchrotron model with a locally random magnetic field (SR model), and the Compton drag model (CD model). The results show that POET, or other polarimeters with similar capabilities, can constrain the GRB emission models by using the statistical properties of GRB polarizations. In particular, the ratio of the number of GRBs for which the polarization degrees can be measured to the number of GRBs that are detected (N-m/N-d) and the distributions of the polarization degrees (Pi) can be used as the criteria. If N-m/N-d > 30% and Pi is clustered between 0.2 and 0.7, the SO model will be favored. If instead N-m/N-d < 15%, then the SR or CD model will be favored. If several events with Pi > 0.8 are observed, then the CD model will be favored. C1 [Toma, K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sakamoto, T.; Hill, J. E.] NASA, CRESST, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 2077 USA. [Sakamoto, T.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Zhang, B.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Hill, J. E.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Bloser, P. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Yamazaki, R.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Ioka, K.] High Energy Accelerator Org, KEK, Div Theory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Nakamura, T.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Toma, K (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 434 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300104 ER PT S AU Ukwatta, TN Sakamoto, T Dhuga, KS Parke, WC Barthelmy, SD Gehrels, N Stamatikos, M Tueller, J AF Ukwatta, T. N. Sakamoto, T. Dhuga, K. S. Parke, W. C. Barthelmy, S. D. Gehrels, N. Stamatikos, M. Tueller, J. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Investigating the Possibility of Screening High-z GRBs based on BAT Prompt Emission Properties SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE Gamma-ray Bursts; High-z GRBs ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; REDSHIFT; MISSION AB Being able to quickly select among gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) seen by the Swift satellite those which are high-z candidates would give ground-based observers a better chance to determine a redshift for such distant GRBs. Information about these high-z GRBs is important in helping to resolve questions about the early universe such as the formation rate of high-z GRBs, the re-ionization period of the universe, the metallicity of the early universe, and the Hubble expansion. Initially using a sample of 51 GRBs with previously measured redshifts, we have developed high-z screening criteria employing the GRB spectral as well as temporal characteristics of the prompt emission from the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on Swift. Now that the sample has increased to 81 GRBs, we have revisited the screening criteria and our methodology. Our updated high-z screening criteria are presented in this paper. C1 [Ukwatta, T. N.; Dhuga, K. S.; Parke, W. C.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Ukwatta, T. N.; Sakamoto, T.; Barthelmy, S. D.; Gehrels, N.; Stamatikos, M.; Tueller, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sakamoto, T.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Stamatikos, M.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ukwatta, TN (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 437 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300105 ER PT S AU Ukwatta, TN MacGibbon, JH Parke, WC Dhuga, KS Eskandarian, A Gehrels, N Maximon, L Morris, DC AF Ukwatta, T. N. MacGibbon, J. H. Parke, W. C. Dhuga, K. S. Eskandarian, A. Gehrels, N. Maximon, L. Morris, D. C. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Spectral Lags of Gamma-Ray Hole (PBH) Bursts from Primordial Black Evaporations SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE Gamma-Ray Bursts; Primordial Black Hole ID GLUON-JET EMISSION; QUARK-JET AB Primordial Black Holes (PBHs), which may have been created in the early Universe, are predicted to be detectable by their Hawking radiation. PBHs with an initial mass of similar to 5 x 10(14) g should be expiring today with a burst of high energy particles. Evaporating PBHs in the solar neighborhood are candidate Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) progenitors. We propose spectral lag, which is the temporal delay between the high energy photon pulse and the low energy photon pulse, as a possible method to detect PBH evaporation events with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Observatory. C1 [Ukwatta, T. N.; Parke, W. C.; Dhuga, K. S.; Eskandarian, A.; Maximon, L.; Morris, D. C.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Ukwatta, T. N.; Gehrels, N.; Morris, D. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [MacGibbon, J. H.] Univ North Florida, Dept Chem & Phys, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. RP Ukwatta, TN (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan [19047004, 18740153, 18740147 (KI)]; The Next Generation of Physics, Spun from Universality and Emergence; NASA [NNG05GB67G, NNX08AE57A, NNX08AL40G] FX This work is supported in part by the Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, No.19047004 (RY, KI, and TN), No.18740153 (RY), No.18740147 (KI), and in part by the Grant-in-Aid for the global COE program The Next Generation of Physics, Spun from Universality and Emergence from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan. BZ acknowledges NASA NNG05GB67G and NNX08AE57A (Nevada NASA EPSCoR program) and KT acknowledges NASA NNX08AL40G for partial supports. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 440 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300106 ER PT S AU von Kienlin, A Briggs, MS Connoughton, V McBreen, S Preece, RD Sazonov, S Tsygankov, S Wilson-Hodge, CA AF von Kienlin, A. Briggs, M. S. Connoughton, V. McBreen, S. Preece, R. D. Sazonov, Sergey Tsygankov, Sergey Wilson-Hodge, C. A. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Using GRB 080723B to cross-calibrate Fermi/GBM and INTEGRAL SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope; INTEGRAL; Gamma-ray bursts; Gamma-Ray Detectors; Calibration AB On July 23, 2008 GRB 080723B, a bright GRB lasting about 105 s was detected by the INTEGRAL burst alert system. This burst was also detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray burst monitor. At this time no Fermi/GBM GCN notices were distributed to the public because Fermi was still in commissioning phase. The simultaneous detection of a bright GRB by both satellites gives us the opportunity to cross-calibrate the GBM with the already well-calibrated instruments on-board INTEGRAL, the Spectrometer SPI and the Imager IBIS. Time-resolved spectroscopy of this long and structured GRB is of special importance because Fermi was slewing during the GRB was still ongoing. In this paper we present a first and still preliminary analysis of the GBM spectra and compare them to those obtained by SPI for the same selection of time intervals. A more accurate cross-calibration will be forthcoming when the improved in-flight calibration of GBM is available and the corresponding data and responses can be reprocessed. C1 [von Kienlin, A.; McBreen, S.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-37075 Garching, Germany. [Briggs, M. S.; Connoughton, V.; Preece, R. D.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL USA. [Briggs, M. S.; Connoughton, V.; Preece, R. D.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin, Ireland. [Wilson-Hodge, C. A.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Sazonov, Sergey; Tsygankov, Sergey] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Garching, Germany. [Sazonov, Sergey; Tsygankov, Sergey] Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. RP von Kienlin, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-37075 Garching, Germany. OI Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335 FU German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology through DLR [50.QV.0301] FX The Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor project is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology through DLR grant 50.QV.0301. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 446 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300108 ER PT S AU Hakkila, J Fragile, PC Giblin, TW AF Hakkila, Jon Fragile, P. Chris Giblin, Timothy W. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Gamma-Ray Burst Pulse Correlations as Redshift Indicators SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE gamma-ray bursts; statistical and correlative studies of gamma-ray burst properties ID INTERNAL SHOCKS; LIGHT CURVES; LUMINOSITY; LAG; EVOLUTION AB Correlations among pulse properties in the prompt emission of long GRBs can potentially be used as cosmological distance indicators to estimate redshifts of GRBs to which these pulses belong. We demonstrate application of this technique to a sample of GRBs for which redshifts are not known. We also study the scatter of predicted redshifts of pulses found within individual bursts. We explore the characteristics of this scatter in hopes of identifying systematic corrections and/or pulse subsets that can be used to increase the technique's reliability. C1 [Hakkila, Jon; Fragile, P. Chris] Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [Giblin, Timothy W.] NASA, JSC, United Space Alliance, Alliance, OH USA. RP Hakkila, J (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 479 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300115 ER PT S AU Sakamoto, T Barbier, L Barthelmy, SD Cummings, JR Fenimore, EE Gehrels, N Krimm, HA Markwardt, CB Palmer, DM Parsons, AM Sato, G Stamatikos, M Tueller, J AF Sakamoto, T. Barbier, L. Barthelmy, S. D. Cummings, J. R. Fenimore, E. E. Gehrels, N. Krimm, H. A. Markwardt, C. B. Palmer, D. M. Parsons, A. M. Sato, G. Stamatikos, M. Tueller, J. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Probing the Nature of Short Swift Bursts via Deep INTEGRAL Monitoring of GRB 050925 SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE gamma ray: bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; FLARE AB We present results from Swift, XMM-Newton, and deep INTEGRAL monitoring (AO-5 key program data) in the region of GRB 050925. This short Swift burst is a candidate for a newly discovered soft gamma-ray repeater (SGR) with the following observational burst properties: 1) galactic plane (b=-0.07 degrees) localization, 2) 150 msec duration, and 3) a blackbody rather than a simple power-law spectral shape. We will show a possible X-ray counterpart of GRB 050925, and also the results of searching similar to 1 Msec INTEGRAL data for persistent hard X-ray emission from this SGR candidate source. C1 [Sakamoto, T.; Cummings, J. R.; Krimm, H. A.; Markwardt, C. B.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sakamoto, T.; Barbier, L.; Barthelmy, S. D.; Cummings, J. R.; Gehrels, N.; Krimm, H. A.; Markwardt, C. B.; Sato, G.; Stamatikos, M.; Tueller, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cummings, J. R.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Fenimore, E. E.; Palmer, D. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Krimm, H. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Markwardt, C. B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sato, G.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Stamatikos, M.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sakamoto, T (reprint author), CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Sakamoto, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 503 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300120 ER PT S AU Petrov, L AF Petrov, L. BE Drewes, H TI Empirical Earth Rotation Model: a Consistent Way to Evaluate Earth Orientation Parameters SO GEODETIC REFERENCE FRAMES SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GEODESY SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Association of Geodesy Symposium CY OCT 09-14, 2006 CL Munich, GERMANY SP Int Assoc Geodesy DE astrometry; reference systems; Earth rotation; VLBI AB It is customary to perform analysis of the Earth's rotation in two steps: first, to present results of estimation of the Earth orientation parameters in the form of time series based on a simplified model of variations of the Earth's rotation for a short period of time, and then to process this time series of adjustments by applying smoothing, re-sampling and other numerical algorithms. This approach suffers from self-inconsistency: the total set of Earth orientation parameters depends on a subjective choice of the apriori Earth orientation model, cross-correlations between points of the time series are lost, and results of an operational analysis per se have a limited use for end users. Here, an alternative approach of direct estimation of the coefficients of expansion of Euler angle perturbations into basis functions is developed. These coefficients describe the Earth's rotation over the entire period of observations and are evaluated simultaneously with station positions, source coordinates and other parameters in a single LSQ solution. In the framework of this approach considerably larger errors in a priori EOP model are tolerated. This approach gives a significant conceptual simplification of representation and estimation of the Earth's rotation. C1 NASA GSFC, NVI Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Petrov, L (reprint author), NASA GSFC, NVI Inc, Code 698, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Symposia, IAG/K-2857-2012 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-642-00859-7 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2009 VL 134 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-00860-3_36 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA BTD94 UT WOS:000286584300036 ER PT J AU Voulgarakis, A Savage, NH Wild, O Carver, GD Clemitshaw, KC Pyle, JA AF Voulgarakis, A. Savage, N. H. Wild, O. Carver, G. D. Clemitshaw, K. C. Pyle, J. A. TI Upgrading photolysis in the p-TOMCAT CTM: model evaluation and assessment of the role of clouds SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; TRANSPORT MODEL; CLIMATE MODEL; ACTINIC FLUX; OZONE; IMPACT; ATMOSPHERE; SCHEME; PHOTODISSOCIATION AB A new version of the p-TOMCAT Chemical Transport Model (CTM) which includes an improved photolysis code, Fast-JX, is validated. Through offline testing we show that Fast-JX captures well the observed J(NO2) and J((OD)-D-1) values obtained at Weybourne and during a flight above the Atlantic, though with some overestimation of J((OD)-D-1) when comparing to the aircraft data. By comparing p-TOMCAT output of CO and ozone with measurements, we find that the inclusion of Fast-JX in the CTM strongly improves the latter's ability to capture the seasonality and levels of tracers' concentrations. A probability distribution analysis demonstrates that photolysis rates and oxidant (OH, ozone) concentrations cover a broader range of values when using Fast-JX instead of the standard photolysis scheme. This is not only driven by improvements in the seasonality of cloudiness but also even more by the better representation of cloud spatial variability. We use three different cloud treatments to study the radiative effect of clouds on the abundances of a range of tracers and find only modest effects on a global scale. This is consistent with the most relevant recent study. The new version of the validated CTM will be used for a variety of future studies examining the variability of tropospheric composition and its drivers. C1 [Voulgarakis, A.; Carver, G. D.; Pyle, J. A.] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge, England. [Savage, N. H.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. [Clemitshaw, K. C.] Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, London, England. RP Voulgarakis, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM avoulgarakis@giss.nasa.gov RI Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009 OI Savage, Nicholas/0000-0001-9391-5100; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035 FU NERC (UK); IKY (Greece) FX The lead author wishes to thank NERC (UK) and IKY (Greece) for funding. Also, the authors thank Paul Berrisford for providing the ECMWF data and Christoph Gerbig for providing the ACSOE data. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 59 EP 72 DI 10.5194/gmd-2-59-2009 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA V15EF UT WOS:000207784600005 ER PT J AU Eller, P Singh, K Sandu, A Bowman, K Henze, DK Lee, M AF Eller, P. Singh, K. Sandu, A. Bowman, K. Henze, D. K. Lee, M. TI Implementation and evaluation of an array of chemical solvers in the Global Chemical Transport Model GEOS-Chem SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article AB This paper discusses the implementation and performance of an array of gas-phase chemistry solvers for the state-of-the-science GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model. The implementation is based on the Kinetic PreProcessor (KPP). Two perl parsers automatically generate the needed interfaces between GEOS-Chem and KPP, and allow access to the chemical simulation code without any additional programming effort. This work illustrates the potential of KPP to positively impact global chemical transport modeling by providing additional functionality as follows. (1) The user can select a highly efficient numerical integration method from an array of solvers available in the KPP library. (2) KPP offers a wide variety of user options for studies that involve changing the chemical mechanism (e.g., a set of additional reactions is automatically translated into efficient code and incorporated into a modified global model). (3) This work provides access to tangent linear, continuous adjoint, and discrete adjoint chemical models, with applications to sensitivity analysis and data assimilation. C1 [Eller, P.; Singh, K.; Sandu, A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Bowman, K.; Lee, M.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Henze, D. K.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Sandu, A (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM sandu@cs.vt.edu RI Henze, Daven/A-1920-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Singh, Kumaresh/P-4857-2016 FU NASA FX This work was supported by NASA through the ROSES-2005 AIST award. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 89 EP 96 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA V15EG UT WOS:000207784700002 ER PT B AU Liang, SL Wang, KC Wang, WH Wang, DD Gui, S Zhang, XT Mirmelstein, J Zhu, XF Kim, HY Du, J Running, S Townshend, J Tsay, SC Wolf, R Schaaf, C Strahler, A AF Liang, Shunlin Wang, Kaicun Wang, Wenhui Wang, Dongdong Gui, Sheng Zhang, Xiaotong Mirmelstein, Jeremy Zhu, Xiufang Kim, Hye-yun Du, Juan Running, Steven Townshend, John Tsay, Si-Chee Wolf, Robert Schaaf, Crystal Strahler, Alan BE Li, D Shan, J Gong, J TI MAPPING HIGH-RESOLUTION LAND SURFACE RADIATIVE FLUXES FROM MODIS: ALGORITHMS AND PRELIMINARY VALIDATION RESULTS SO GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR EARTH OBSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER DATA; SATELLITE DATA; NET-RADIATION; TEMPERATURE/EMISSIVITY PRODUCTS; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; EARTHS SURFACE; ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; GROUND MEASUREMENTS; SOIL-MOISTURE C1 [Liang, Shunlin; Wang, Kaicun; Wang, Dongdong; Gui, Sheng; Zhang, Xiaotong; Mirmelstein, Jeremy; Zhu, Xiufang; Townshend, John] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gui, Sheng; Zhang, Xiaotong] Wuhan Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Du, Juan] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Resources Sci & Technol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Running, Steven] Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Tsay, Si-Chee; Wolf, Robert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schaaf, Crystal; Strahler, Alan] Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Liang, SL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 94 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0049-4 PY 2009 BP 141 EP 176 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0050-0_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0050-0 PG 36 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BLT63 UT WOS:000270988700006 ER PT S AU Hogan, P Gaskins, T AF Hogan, Patrick Gaskins, Tom CA World Wind Dev Team World-Wide Open Source Community BE DeAmicis, R Stojanovic, R Conti, G TI GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION PROCESSING: STANDARDS-BASED OPEN SOURCE VISUALIZATION TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL UNDERSTANDING SO GEOSPATIAL VISUAL ANALYTICS SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Geographical Information Processing and Visual Analytics for Enviroonmental Security CY OCT 13-17, 2008 CL Trento, ITALY SP NATO DE Geographic; Visualization; Virtual Globe; Open Source; Open Standards; Geospatial; Open Geospatial Consortium; WMS; Server Technology; Java; JOGL; Java Applet; Web browser; Satellite Data Analysis; NASA AB Environmental security is a global issue that will increasingly affect our ability to survive as a species. Collectively we must better appreciate the complex relationships that make life on Earth possible. Providing geographic information in its native context can accelerate our ability to process that information. To maximize this ability to process information, three basic elements are required: data delivery (server technology), data access (client technology), and data processing (information intelligence). NASA World Wind provides open source client and server technologies based on open standards. The possibilities for data processing and data sharing are enhanced by this inclusive infrastructure for geographic information. It is interesting that this open Source and open standards approach, unfettered by proprietary constraints, simultaneously provides for entirely proprietary use of this same technology. C1 [Hogan, Patrick; Gaskins, Tom] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NASA World Wind, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Hogan, P (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NASA World Wind, M-S 240-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM patrick.hogan@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-90-481-2897-6 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2009 BP 357 EP 362 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2899-0_28 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BLL41 UT WOS:000270446500028 ER PT B AU Plag, HP Beutler, G Gross, R Herring, TA Rizos, C Rummel, R Sahagian, D Zumberge, J AF Plag, H. -P. Beutler, G. Gross, R. Herring, T. A. Rizos, C. Rummel, R. Sahagian, D. Zumberge, J. BE Plag, HP Pearlmann, M TI Global Geodetic Observing System Meeting the Requirements of a Global Society on a Changing Planet in 2020 Introduction SO GLOBAL GEODETIC OBSERVING SYSTEM: MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF A GLOBAL SOCIETY ON A CHANGING PLANET IN 2020 LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; REFLECTED GPS SIGNALS; TERRESTRIAL REFERENCE FRAME; GLACIAL ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT; CELESTIAL REFERENCE FRAME; BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; LAYERED SPHERICAL EARTH; TECTONIC PLATE MOTIONS; INDIAN-OCEAN TSUNAMI C1 [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Beutler, G.] Univ Bern, Astron Inst, Bern, Switzerland. [Gross, R.; Zumberge, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Herring, T. A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Rizos, C.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Surveying & Spatial Informat Syst, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Rummel, R.] Tech Univ Munich, Inst Astron & Phys Geodesy, Munich, Germany. [Sahagian, D.] Lehigh Univ, Inst Environm, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Plag, HP (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM hpplag@unr.edu NR 357 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-02686-7 PY 2009 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4 PG 39 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BLY83 UT WOS:000271461100001 ER PT B AU Plag, HP Altamimi, Z Bettadpur, S Beutler, G Beyerle, G Cazenave, A Crossley, D Donnellan, A Forsberg, R Gross, R Hinderer, J Komjathy, A Ma, C Mannucci, AJ Noll, C Nothnagel, A Pavlis, EC Pearlman, M Poli, P Schreiber, U Senior, K Woodworth, PL Zerbini, S Zuffada, C AF Plag, H. -P. Altamimi, Z. Bettadpur, S. Beutler, G. Beyerle, G. Cazenave, A. Crossley, D. Donnellan, A. Forsberg, R. Gross, R. Hinderer, J. Komjathy, A. Ma, C. Mannucci, A. J. Noll, C. Nothnagel, A. Pavlis, E. C. Pearlman, M. Poli, P. Schreiber, U. Senior, K. Woodworth, P. L. Zerbini, S. Zuffada, C. BE Plag, HP Pearlmann, M TI The goals, achievements, and tools of modern geodesy SO GLOBAL GEODETIC OBSERVING SYSTEM: MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF A GLOBAL SOCIETY ON A CHANGING PLANET IN 2020 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Altamimi, Z.] Inst Geog Natl, Lab Rech Geodesie LAREG, Champs Sur Marne, France. [Bettadpur, S.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Space Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Beutler, G.] Univ Bern, Astron Inst, Bern, Switzerland. [Beyerle, G.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Cazenave, A.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, CNES, LEGOS, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Crossley, D.] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Donnellan, A.; Gross, R.; Komjathy, A.; Mannucci, A. J.; Zuffada, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Forsberg, R.] Danish Tech Univ, DTU Space, Natl Space Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hinderer, J.] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, Ecole Sci Terre, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. [Hinderer, J.] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, Observ Sci Terre, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. [Ma, C.; Noll, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nothnagel, A.] Univ Bonn, Geodet Inst, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Pavlis, E. C.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Pearlman, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Poli, P.] CNRM, GMAP, CNRS, GAME, Toulouse, France. [Schreiber, U.] Tech Univ Munich, Kotzting, Germany. [Senior, K.] US Naval Observ, Washington, DC USA. [Woodworth, P. L.] Proudman Oceanog Lab, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Zerbini, S.] Univ Bologna, Dept Phys, Sector Geophys, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Plag, HP (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM hpplag@unr.edu; mpearlman@cfa.harvard.edu OI Poli, Paul/0000-0002-8392-6524 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-02686-7 PY 2009 BP 15 EP 88 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4 PG 74 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BLY83 UT WOS:000271461100002 ER PT B AU Rummel, R Beutler, G Dehant, V Gross, R Ilk, KH Plag, HP Poli, P Rothacher, M Stein, S Thomas, R Woodworth, PL Zerbini, S Zlotnicki, V AF Rummel, R. Beutler, G. Dehant, V. Gross, R. Ilk, K. H. Plag, H. -P. Poli, P. Rothacher, M. Stein, S. Thomas, R. Woodworth, P. L. Zerbini, S. Zlotnicki, V. BE Plag, HP Pearlmann, M TI Understanding a dynamic planet: Earth science requirements for geodesy SO GLOBAL GEODETIC OBSERVING SYSTEM: MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF A GLOBAL SOCIETY ON A CHANGING PLANET IN 2020 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rummel, R.] Tech Univ Munich, Inst Astron & Phys Geodesy, Munich, Germany. [Beutler, G.] Univ Bern, Astron Inst, Bern, Switzerland. [Dehant, V.] Observ Royal Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Gross, R.; Zlotnicki, V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Ilk, K. H.] Univ Bonn, Inst Theoret Geodesy, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Poli, P.] CNRM, GMAP, CNRS, GAME, Toulouse, France. [Rothacher, M.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Stein, S.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL USA. [Woodworth, P. L.] Proudman Oceanog Lab, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Zerbini, S.] Univ Bologna, Dept Phys, Sector Geophys, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Rummel, R (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Inst Astron & Phys Geodesy, Munich, Germany. EM hpplag@unr.edu; hpplag@unr.edu OI Poli, Paul/0000-0002-8392-6524 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-02686-7 PY 2009 BP 89 EP 133 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4 PG 45 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BLY83 UT WOS:000271461100003 ER PT B AU Sahagian, D Alsdorf, D Kreemer, C Melack, J Pearlman, M Plag, HP Poli, P Reid, S Rodell, M Thomas, R Woodworth, PL AF Sahagian, D. Alsdorf, D. Kreemer, C. Melack, J. Pearlman, M. Plag, H. -P. Poli, P. Reid, S. Rodell, M. Thomas, R. Woodworth, P. L. BE Plag, HP Pearlmann, M TI Earth observation: Serving the needs of an increasingly global society SO GLOBAL GEODETIC OBSERVING SYSTEM: MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF A GLOBAL SOCIETY ON A CHANGING PLANET IN 2020 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sahagian, D.] Lehigh Univ, Environm Initiat, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Alsdorf, D.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kreemer, C.; Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kreemer, C.; Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Melack, J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Melack, J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Pearlman, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Poli, P.] CNRM, GMAP, CNRS, GAME, Toulouse, France. [Reid, S.] Lehigh Univ, Environm Initiat, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Rodell, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Woodworth, P. L.] Proudman Oceanog Lab, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. RP Sahagian, D (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Environm Initiat, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM mpearlman@cfa.harvard.edu; hpplag@unr.edu; hpplag@unr.edu OI Poli, Paul/0000-0002-8392-6524 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-02686-7 PY 2009 BP 153 EP 196 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4 PG 44 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BLY83 UT WOS:000271461100005 ER PT B AU Zumberge, JF Border, JS Dehant, V Folkner, WM Jones, DL Martin-Mur, T Oberst, J Williams, JG Wu, X AF Zumberge, J. F. Border, J. S. Dehant, V. Folkner, W. M. Jones, D. L. Martin-Mur, T. Oberst, J. Williams, J. G. Wu, X. BE Plag, HP Pearlmann, M TI Geodesy: Foundation for exploring the planets, the solar system and beyond SO GLOBAL GEODETIC OBSERVING SYSTEM: MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF A GLOBAL SOCIETY ON A CHANGING PLANET IN 2020 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Zumberge, J. F.; Border, J. S.; Folkner, W. M.; Jones, D. L.; Martin-Mur, T.; Williams, J. G.; Wu, X.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dehant, V.] Observ Royal Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Oberst, J.] German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Planetary Res, Berlin, Germany. RP Zumberge, JF (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-02686-7 PY 2009 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4_6 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BLY83 UT WOS:000271461100006 ER PT B AU Gross, R Beutler, G Plag, HP AF Gross, R. Beutler, G. Plag, H. -P. BE Plag, HP Pearlmann, M TI Integrated scientific and societal user requirements and functional specifications for the GGOS SO GLOBAL GEODETIC OBSERVING SYSTEM: MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF A GLOBAL SOCIETY ON A CHANGING PLANET IN 2020 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gross, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Beutler, G.] Univ Bern, Astron Inst, Bern, Switzerland. [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Gross, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM hpplag@unr.edu; hpplag@unr.edu NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-02686-7 PY 2009 BP 209 EP 224 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BLY83 UT WOS:000271461100007 ER PT B AU Rothacher, M Beutler, G Behrend, D Donnellan, A Hinderer, J Ma, C Noll, C Oberst, J Pearlman, M Plag, HP Richter, B Schone, T Tavernier, G Woodworth, PL AF Rothacher, M. Beutler, G. Behrend, D. Donnellan, A. Hinderer, J. Ma, C. Noll, C. Oberst, J. Pearlman, M. Plag, H. -P. Richter, B. Schoene, T. Tavernier, G. Woodworth, P. L. BE Plag, HP Pearlmann, M TI The future Global Geodetic Observing System SO GLOBAL GEODETIC OBSERVING SYSTEM: MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF A GLOBAL SOCIETY ON A CHANGING PLANET IN 2020 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rothacher, M.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Behrend, D.] NVI Inc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Beutler, G.] Univ Bern, Astron Inst, Bern, Switzerland. [Donnellan, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Hinderer, J.] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, Ecole Sci Terre, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. [Hinderer, J.] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, Observ Sci Terre, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. [Oberst, J.] German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Planetary Res, Berlin, Germany. [Pearlman, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Richter, B.] BKG, Frankfurt, Germany. [Schoene, T.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Tavernier, G.] CNES, Toulouse, France. [Woodworth, P. L.] Proudman Oceanog Lab, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. RP Rothacher, M (reprint author), ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. EM mpearlman@cfa.harvard.edu; hpplag@unr.edu NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-02686-7 PY 2009 BP 237 EP 272 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4_9 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4 PG 36 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BLY83 UT WOS:000271461100009 ER PT B AU Beutler, G Pearlman, M Plag, HP Neilan, R Rothacher, M Rummel, R AF Beutler, G. Pearlman, M. Plag, H. -P. Neilan, R. Rothacher, M. Rummel, R. BE Plag, HP Pearlmann, M TI Towards GGOS in 2020 SO GLOBAL GEODETIC OBSERVING SYSTEM: MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF A GLOBAL SOCIETY ON A CHANGING PLANET IN 2020 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Beutler, G.] Univ Bern, Astron Inst, Bern, Switzerland. [Pearlman, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Neilan, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Rothacher, M.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Rummel, R.] Tech Univ Munich, Inst Astron & Phys Geodesy, Munich, Germany. RP Beutler, G (reprint author), Univ Bern, Astron Inst, Bern, Switzerland. EM mpearlman@cfa.harvard.edu; hpplag@unr.edu; hpplag@unr.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-02686-7 PY 2009 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4_10 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BLY83 UT WOS:000271461100010 ER PT B AU Plag, HP Beutler, G Gross, R Herring, TA Poli, P Rizos, C Rothacher, M Rummel, R Sahagian, D Zumberge, J AF Plag, H. -P. Beutler, G. Gross, R. Herring, T. A. Poli, P. Rizos, C. Rothacher, M. Rummel, R. Sahagian, D. Zumberge, J. BE Plag, HP Pearlmann, M TI Recommendations SO GLOBAL GEODETIC OBSERVING SYSTEM: MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF A GLOBAL SOCIETY ON A CHANGING PLANET IN 2020 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Beutler, G.] Univ Bern, Astron Inst, Bern, Switzerland. [Gross, R.; Zumberge, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Herring, T. A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Poli, P.] CNRM, GMAP, GAME, CNRS, Toulouse, France. [Rizos, C.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Surveying & Spatial Informat Syst, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Rothacher, M.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Rummel, R.] Tech Univ Munich, Inst Astron & Phys Geodesy, Munich, Germany. [Sahagian, D.] Lehigh Univ, Environm Initiat, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Plag, HP (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM hpplag@unr.edu; hpplag@unr.edu OI Poli, Paul/0000-0002-8392-6524 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-02686-7 PY 2009 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4_11 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BLY83 UT WOS:000271461100011 ER PT S AU Quirk, KJ Srinivasan, M AF Quirk, Kevin J. Srinivasan, Meera BE Ulema, M TI An MSK Waveform for Radar Applications SO GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 09) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2009 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB We introduce a minimum shift keying (MSK) waveform developed for use in radar applications. This waveform is characterized in terms of its spectrum, autocorrelation, and ambiguity function, and is compared with the conventionally used hi-phase coded (BPC) radar signal. It is shown that the MSK waveform has several advantages when compared with the BPC waveform, and is a better candidate for deep-space radar imaging systems such as NASA's Goldstone Solar System Radar. C1 [Quirk, Kevin J.; Srinivasan, Meera] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Quirk, KJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-4147-1 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2009 BP 1479 EP 1484 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQB54 UT WOS:000280579100245 ER PT S AU Kaiser, A Dolinar, S Cheng, MK AF Kaiser, Alexander Dolinar, Sam Cheng, Michael K. BE Ulema, M TI Undetected Errors in Quasi-cyclic LDPC Codes Caused by Receiver Symbol Slips SO GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 09) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2009 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are capacity-approaching forward error correction codes that operate at signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decoding thresholds very near to the capacity limits. Receivers designed for less optimal codes might not function smoothly at the lower values of SNR where LDPC codes can operate. In particular, an artifact low-SNR receiver operation is the increased probability symbol slips. Receiver synchronization errors resulting from symbol insertions or deletions can cause unexpected decoder problems, especially for an LDPC code with a quasi-cyclic construction. In this paper we analyze the theoretical basis for symbol slips to cause undetected errors with quasi-cyclic codes, and we demonstrate these effects via simulations. We also examine several no-cost to low-cost solutions that can mitigate these effects. C1 [Kaiser, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dolinar, Sam; Cheng, Michael K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kaiser, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-4147-1 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2009 BP 4273 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQB54 UT WOS:000280579101297 ER PT S AU Abu-Surra, S Divsalar, D Ryan, WE AF Abu-Surra, Shadi Divsalar, Dariush Ryan, William E. BE Ulema, M TI Ensemble Pseudocodeword Weight Enumerators for Protograph-Based Generalized LDPC Codes SO GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 09) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2009 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB Recently, pseudocodewords of Tanner graphs of LDPC codes have been used to explain the behavior of iterative decoders for these codes. In this paper, finite-length pseudocode-word weight enumerators for protograph-based generalized-LDPC code ensembles are obtained. Then asymptotic results are derived from the finite-length results by letting the block length go to infinity. The asymptotic results allow us to determine whether or not the typical minimum pseudocodeword weight grows linearly with codeword length. We give examples with Hamming component codes. C1 [Abu-Surra, Shadi; Ryan, William E.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Divsalar, Dariush] Jet Prop Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Abu-Surra, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM shadia@ece.arizona.edu; Dariush.Divsalar@jpl.nasa.gov; ryan@ece.arizona.edu FU NASA Goddard Space Flight Center [NNX07AF38G, NNX08AQ93G] FX This research was supported in part by grants NNX07AF38G and NNX08AQ93G from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. It was also carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-4147-1 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2009 BP 4530 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQB54 UT WOS:000280579101340 ER PT B AU Gleason, S Gebre-Egziabher, D AF Gleason, Scott Gebre-Egziabher, Demoz BE Gleason, S GebreEgziabher, D TI Global Navigation Satellite Systems: Present and Future SO GNSS APPLICATIONS AND METHODS SE Artech House GNSS Technology and Applications Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gleason, Scott] Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton UK, Southampton, Hants, England. [Gebre-Egziabher, Demoz] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Gleason, Scott] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Gleason, Scott] Stanfords GPS LAAS Lab, Stanford, CA USA. RP Gleason, S (reprint author), QinetiQ Ltd, Farnborough, Hants, England. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-59693-329-3 J9 ARTECH HSE GNSS TECH PY 2009 BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BKZ27 UT WOS:000269670900001 ER PT B AU Gleason, S Gebre-Egziabher, D AF Gleason, Scott Gebre-Egziabher, Demoz BE Gleason, S GebreEgziabher, D TI GNSS Navigation: Estimating Position, Velocity, and Time SO GNSS APPLICATIONS AND METHODS SE Artech House GNSS Technology and Applications Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gleason, Scott] Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton UK, Southampton, Hants, England. [Gleason, Scott] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Gleason, Scott] Stanfords GPS LAAS Lab, Stanford, CA USA. [Gebre-Egziabher, Demoz] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Gleason, S (reprint author), QinetiQ Ltd, Farnborough, Hants, England. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-59693-329-3 J9 ARTECH HSE GNSS TECH PY 2009 BP 55 EP 86 PG 32 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BKZ27 UT WOS:000269670900003 ER PT B AU Gleason, S Quigley, M Abbeel, P AF Gleason, Scott Quigley, Morgan Abbeel, Pieter BE Gleason, S GebreEgziabher, D TI A GPS Software Receiver SO GNSS APPLICATIONS AND METHODS SE Artech House GNSS Technology and Applications Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gleason, Scott] Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton UK, Southampton, Hants, England. [Gleason, Scott] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Gleason, Scott] Stanfords GPS LAAS Lab, Stanford, CA USA. [Abbeel, Pieter] UC Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Gleason, S (reprint author), QinetiQ Ltd, Farnborough, Hants, England. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-59693-329-3 J9 ARTECH HSE GNSS TECH PY 2009 BP 121 EP 147 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BKZ27 UT WOS:000269670900005 ER PT B AU Lightsey, EG AF Lightsey, E. Glenn BE Gleason, S GebreEgziabher, D TI Space Applications SO GNSS APPLICATIONS AND METHODS SE Artech House GNSS Technology and Applications Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NAVIGATION C1 [Lightsey, E. Glenn] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lightsey, E. Glenn] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. RP Lightsey, EG (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-59693-329-3 J9 ARTECH HSE GNSS TECH PY 2009 BP 329 EP 346 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BKZ27 UT WOS:000269670900013 ER PT B AU Gleason, S Lowe, S Zavorotny, V AF Gleason, Scott Lowe, Stephen Zavorotny, Valery BE Gleason, S GebreEgziabher, D TI Remote Sensing Using Bistatic GNSS Reflections SO GNSS APPLICATIONS AND METHODS SE Artech House GNSS Technology and Applications Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GPS SIGNALS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ROUGH-SURFACE; OCEAN SURFACE; WIND-SPEED; SEA-ICE; SCATTERING; SYSTEM; SMEX02; MODEL C1 [Gleason, Scott] Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton UK, Southampton, Hants, England. [Gleason, Scott] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Gleason, Scott] Stanfords GPS LAAS Lab, Stanford, CA USA. [Lowe, Stephen] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zavorotny, Valery] Russian Acad Med Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Zavorotny, Valery] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. [Zavorotny, Valery] NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gleason, S (reprint author), QinetiQ Ltd, Farnborough, Hants, England. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-59693-329-3 J9 ARTECH HSE GNSS TECH PY 2009 BP 399 EP 436 PG 38 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BKZ27 UT WOS:000269670900016 ER PT S AU van Overbeek, T Olive, JP AF van Overbeek, Ton Olive, Jean-Philippe BE Friedman, EJ Culp, RD TI SOHO, 13 YEARS SINCE LAUNCH AND STILL GOING STRONG SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2009 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY JAN 30-FEB 04, 2009 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB With an original design life of two years and sufficient consumables for another four years SOHO has now been in orbit for more than 13 years. This paper will describe the deviations and workarounds needed due to the problems experienced in orbit, starting with the loss of all gyros due to the mission interruption in 1998. The emphasis will be on GNC related problems, but also the power, thermal situation and spacecraft operations will be covered. C1 [van Overbeek, Ton] NASA, SOHO Project Off, European Space Agcy, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP van Overbeek, T (reprint author), NASA, SOHO Project Off, European Space Agcy, GSFC, Code 444, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM tvoverbeek@hst.nasa.gov; jlolive@hst.nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-553-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2009 VL 133 BP 157 EP 174 PG 18 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BMC42 UT WOS:000271835500009 ER PT S AU Mittelsteadt, CO AF Mittelsteadt, Carson O. BE Friedman, EJ Culp, RD TI CASSINI ATTITUDE CONTROL OPERATIONS - FLIGHT MAINTENANCE AND EXTENDING OPERATIONAL LIFE SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2009 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY JAN 30-FEB 04, 2009 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB The Cassini spacecraft was launched on October 15, 1997 and arrived at Saturn on June 30, 2004. It has performed detailed observations and remote sensing of Saturn, its rings, and its satellites since that time. Cassini deployed the European-built Huygens probe which descended through the Titan atmosphere and landed on its surface on January 14, 2005. The Cassini spacecraft's mission has recently entered into extended mission called the "Cassini Equinox Mission" which has extended Cassini's mission for two additional years until July 2010. There are plans underway for an extended-extended mission that adds another 7 years on to the current mission pushing Cassini's mission out until 2017 just in time for Saturn's solstice. Operating the Cassini spacecraft is a complex scientific, engineering, and management job. In order to extend Cassini's lifetime there has been consistent and continuous maintenance as well as an emphasis on protecting critical hardware. An overview of various tasks aimed at lowering consumption of consumables (hydrazine, bipropellant, reaction wheel revolutions, and low spin rate dwell time) while ensuring adequate upkeep of the Cassini Attitude Control and Articulations Subsystem is presented in this paper. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Attitude & Articulat Control Syst Cassini Spacecr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mittelsteadt, CO (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Attitude & Articulat Control Syst Cassini Spacecr, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 230-104, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM carson.mittelsteadt@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-553-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2009 VL 133 BP 209 EP 222 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BMC42 UT WOS:000271835500012 ER PT S AU Howard, RT Bryan, TC Lee, J Robertson, B AF Howard, Richard T. Bryan, Thomas C. Lee, Jimmy Robertson, Bryan BE Friedman, EJ Culp, RD TI NEXT GENERATION ADVANCED VIDEO GUIDANCE SENSOR DEVELOPMENT AND TEST SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2009 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY JAN 30-FEB 04, 2009 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB The Advanced Video Guidance Sensor (AVGS) was the primary docking sensor for the Orbital Express mission. The sensor performed extremely well during the mission, and the technology has been proven on orbit in other flights too. Parts obsolescence issues prevented the construction of more AVGS units, so the next generation of sensor was designed with current parts and updated to support future programs. The Next Generation Advanced Video Guidance Sensor (NGAVGS) has been tested as a breadboard, two different brassboard units, and a prototype. The testing revealed further improvements that could be made and demonstrated capability beyond that ever demonstrated by the sensor on orbit. This paper presents some of the sensor history, parts obsolescence issues, radiation concerns, and software improvements to the NGAVGS. In addition, some of the testing and test results are presented. The NGAVGS has shown that it will meet the general requirements for any space proximity operations or docking need. C1 [Howard, Richard T.; Bryan, Thomas C.] NASA, AR&D Dev & Test Branch ES62, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Howard, RT (reprint author), NASA, AR&D Dev & Test Branch ES62, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-553-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2009 VL 133 BP 409 EP 421 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BMC42 UT WOS:000271835500022 ER PT B AU Rovati, L Ansari, RR AF Rovati, Luigi Ansari, Rafat R. BE Tuchin, VV TI Noninvasive Measurements of Glucose in the Human Body Using Polarimetry and Brewster-Reflection Off of the Eye Lens SO HANDBOOK OF OPTICAL SENSING OF GLUCOSE IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND TISSUES SE Series in Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE eye glucose sensing; polarimetric measurements; Brewster reflection; diabetes care ID LIVING HUMAN-EYE; CORNEAL BIREFRINGENCE; AQUEOUS-HUMOR; IN-VIVO; SENSOR; MODEL AB The objective of this chapter is to introduce a new optical concept for measuring glucose concentration in the aqueous humor. This concept involves reflecting the incident circularly polarized light off of the ocular lens at Brewster angle and by detecting and analyzing the linearly polarized light its it traverses through the eye's anterior chamber. This light acts as a glucose measuring "tool" by giving information on the optical activity of the glucose molecules present in the aqueous. Potentially this technique can be very useful in the management of diabetes. C1 [Rovati, Luigi] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dept Informat Engn, I-41100 Modena, Italy. [Ansari, Rafat R.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Rovati, L (reprint author), Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dept Informat Engn, I-41100 Modena, Italy. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-58488-974-8 J9 SER MED PHYS BIOMED PY 2009 BP 487 EP 526 PG 40 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJQ65 UT WOS:000266998200017 ER PT B AU Braun, R AF Braun, Ricardo BE Nolin, TP TI REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE TAX INCENTIVE MODEL SO HANDBOOK OF REGIONAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Sustainable development; Agenda 21 sustainable plans and projects; regional environmental assessment (REA); ecotaxes; institutional build-up capacity; social participation; governance; local sustainability AB The implementation of sustainable development may seem a simple concept when written on paper. However to carry-out long-term actions put forward by the Sustainable Agenda represents one of the main challenges as governments in general do not have the capacity to effectively implement the process. Regional environmental assessment (REA) has shown to be effective in supporting decision-making not only to correct environmental problems due to past unsustainable social-economic developments but also to help local governments implement sustainable actions. However this requires long-term investments of sustainable plans and projects. The allocation of regular and consistent financial resources is one of the main ingredients for the sustainable development process. But traditional plans and projects financed by national and/or international funds may not be sustainable in the long-term because they become dependent on external funding. Research demonstrates that innovative economic instruments such as ecotaxes represent a feasible alternative to sponsor local sustainability because taxes are collected permanently by the government and could be invested in continuous actions. Ecotax experiences have provided important references to structure a municipal incentive model (MIM) to sponsor sustainable plans and projects on a long-term (permanent) basis. However, sustainable development cannot be done solely through economic investments. A comprehensive institutional management scheme (IMS) has been established to support the incentive model. The scheme seeks not only to improve local institutional frameworks but also to provide an incentive for continuous participation of local stakeholders at all levels of society. Participatory events and the provision of incentives (educational and financial) are key to engage society to protect the environment and support actively the sustainable development process as emphasised in the RIO-92 Conference. C1 [Braun, Ricardo] NASA, Amazon Reg Protected Areas Program ARPA MMA GTZ, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Braun, Ricardo] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Braun, R (reprint author), Rua Padre Siqueira 135 301, BR-25685220 Petropolis, RJ, Brazil. EM ricbraun@compuland.com.br NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60741-036-2 PY 2009 BP 129 EP 153 PG 25 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BOA78 UT WOS:000276044400005 ER PT B AU Neuweg, GH Putz, P AF Neuweg, Georg Hans Putz, Peter BE Rauner, F Maclean, R TI Introduction: Methodological Aspects SO HANDBOOK OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Neuweg, Georg Hans] Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Pedag & Psychol, Linz, Austria. [Putz, Peter] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Res Inst Adv Comp Sci RIACS, Washington, DC USA. RP Neuweg, GH (reprint author), Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Pedag & Psychol, Linz, Austria. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-8347-1 PY 2009 BP 699 EP 703 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-8347-1 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BKJ24 UT WOS:000268262300106 ER PT B AU Hart, AF Tran, JJ Crichton, DJ Anton, K Kincaid, H Kelly, S Hughes, JS Mattmann, CA AF Hart, Andrew F. Tran, John J. Crichton, Daniel J. Anton, Kristen Kincaid, Heather Kelly, Sean Hughes, J. S. Mattmann, Chris A. BE Azevedo, L Londral, AR TI AN EXTENSIBLE BIOMARKER CURATION APPROACH AND SOFTWARE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER SO HEALTHINF 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HEALTH INFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Health Informatics (HEALTHINF 2009) CY JAN 14-17, 2009 CL Oporto, PORTUGAL SP Inst Syst & Technologies Informat, Control & Commun, IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc, Workflow Management Coalit, Assoc Advancement Artificial Intelligence DE Bioinformatics; Data grid; Data management; Data procurement; Ontology ID BIG DATA; NETWORK AB Modern research requires collaboration among geographically distributed scientists. This collaborative model is transforming scientific discovery by enabling sharing and validation of data across institutions. Informatics infrastructures are being developed to support cancer research, endowing scientists with the ability to capture and share data with remote collegues. A critical challenge presented by such infrastructures is the development of a curation model for the science data. While considerable emphasis has been placed on developing grid infrastructures, few are addressing the curation aspects crucial to creating a useful scientific knowledge-base. The United States National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) is a distributed network of research institutions focused on the discovery of cancer biomarkers. In this paper, we describe our work building a data collection and curation infrastructure on top of the existing EDRN bioinformatics data grid. The approach involves normalizing curated data through the use of a common information model for cancer biomarker research. We argue that such a model is critical to ensuring that data can be combined into an integrated knowledge system. Furthermore, we argue that human curators with backgrounds in both informatics and science play a critical role in the overall value of the EDRN knowledge-base. C1 [Hart, Andrew F.; Tran, John J.; Crichton, Daniel J.; Kincaid, Heather; Kelly, Sean; Hughes, J. S.; Mattmann, Chris A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hart, AF (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM andrew.f.hart@jpl.nasa.gov; john.j.tran@jpl.nasa.gov; dan.crichton@jpl.nasa.gov; kristen.anton@dartmouth.edu; chris.mattmann@jpl.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION PI SETUBAL PA AVENIDA D MANUEL L, 27A 2 ESQUERDO, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL BN 978-989-8111-63-0 PY 2009 BP 387 EP 392 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Medical Informatics GA BJJ96 UT WOS:000266586700062 ER PT J AU Fisher, R Guhathakurta, M AF Fisher, Richard Guhathakurta, Madhulika BE Schrijver, CJ Siscoe, GL TI HELIOPHYSICS: PLASMA PHYSICS OF THE LOCAL COSMOS Preface SO HELIOPHYSICS: PLASMA PHYSICS OF THE LOCAL COSMOS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; JUPITERS MIDDLE MAGNETOSPHERE; PARALLEL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; SOLAR-WIND TURBULENCE; TRANSPOLAR POTENTIAL SATURATION; PROTON TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY; IONOSPHERE COUPLING CURRENTS C1 [Fisher, Richard] NASA, Heliophys Div, Washington, DC USA. [Guhathakurta, Madhulika] NASA, LWS Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Fisher, R (reprint author), NASA, Heliophys Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 760 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-11061-7 PY 2009 BP IX EP + PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BCL69 UT WOS:000310640600001 ER PT B AU Cohrs, RJ Koelle, DM Schuette, MC Mehta, S Pierson, D Gilden, DH Hill, JM AF Cohrs, Randall J. Koelle, David M. Schuette, Matthew C. Mehta, Satish Pierson, Duane Gilden, Donald H. Hill, James M. BE Gluckman, TR TI Asymptomatic Alphaherpesvirus Reactivation SO HERPESVIRIDAE: VIRAL STRUCTURE, LIFE CYCLE AND INFECTIONS SE Virology Research Progress LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; VARICELLA-ZOSTER-VIRUS; HUMAN TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LATENCY-ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPT; RECURRENT GENITAL HERPES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; INFECTED HUMAN GANGLIA; T-CELLS AB Human alphaherpesviruses include types I and 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV). All human alphaherpesviruses are neurotropic. After primary infection, these viruses become latent in cranial nerve ganglia (HSV-1 and VZV), in dorsal root ganglia (VZV), in sacral ganglia (HSV-2 and VZV) and in autonomic ganglia (VZV). During latency, virus gene expression is restricted and no infectious virus is produced. Primary HSV-1 infection usually occurs in childhood and results in few lesions in the head and neck, but primary infection can also be asymptomatic. The classical diseases of HSV-1 reactivations are fever blisters and ocular herpes. Recent reports demonstrating frequent shedding of shedding of HSV-1 DNA in the absence of disease, suggests that a small percentage of neurons reactivate to yield virus that is detected on ocular and oral surfaces. Primary HSV-2 infection typically develops in sexually active individuals. Primary infections range from asymptomatic seroconversion to typical primary disease (i.e., genital herpes). HSV-2 shedding, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, are more frequent in the first couple of years after seroconversion. Asymptomatic virus shedding can be divided into two groups: unrecognized shedding, in which symptoms or lesions are present but go un-noticed or are misdiagnosed; and strict asymptomatic shedding, in which the subject has no symptoms and even a skilled clinician is unable to note any abnormality on physical exam. Therapies that reduce symptomatic recurrences may be less effective against strict asymptomatic shedding and transmission (Corey and Wald, 2008). Herein, data concerning the contribution of asymptomatic shedding to HSV transmission as well as the biology of HSV-2 shedding are reviewed. Primary VZV infection typically results in childhood varicella (chickenpox). VZV reactivation, predominately in the elderly, most often results in zoster (shingles), but virus may spread to the spinal cord to cause myelitis or to blood vessels of the brain to cause vasculopathy. VZV reactivation often produces prolonged pain after zoster (post herpetic neuralgia). While the clinical features of VZV reactivation are well recognized, subclinical VZV reactivation and shedding has recently been reported in astronauts. Physical and physiological stressors associated with spaceflight (Taylor et al., 1992; White and Averner, 2001; Williams, 2003) appear to induce virus reactivation and subsequent shedding of VZV in saliva (Mehta et al., 2004; Cohrs et al., 2008). Herein, asymptomatic VZV reactivation during space flight, in ground-based space flight analogs, and in the general population will be reviewed as well as a mathematical model estimating the contribution of asymptomatic VZV reactivation to virus epidemiology presented. C1 [Cohrs, Randall J.; Gilden, Donald H.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Koelle, David M.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Inst, Vaccine & Infect Dis Inst, Seattle, WA USA. [Schuette, Matthew C.] William Jewell Coll, Dept Math, Liberty, MO USA. [Mehta, Satish] Enterprise Advisory Serv Inc, Houston, TX USA. [Pierson, Duane] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Gilden, Donald H.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Denver, CO USA. [Hill, James M.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Eye, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Hill, James M.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Hill, James M.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Hill, James M.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Neurosci, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Cohrs, RJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Denver, CO 80202 USA. NR 144 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60692-947-6 J9 VIROL RES PROG PY 2009 BP 133 EP 166 PG 34 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Virology GA BMQ18 UT WOS:000273339700005 ER PT S AU Thompson, DJ AF Thompson, D. J. CA Fermi Large Area Telescope Collab BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI Pulsars at the Highest Energies: Questions for AGILE, Fermi (GLAST) and Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 07-AUG 11, 2008 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Soc, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, ISEG, PHOTONICS Co DE gamma-ray telescopes; gamma-ray astrophysics; pulsars ID GAMMA-RAY PULSARS; POLAR CAPS; SLOT GAPS; EMISSION; CRAB AB Observational studies of gamma-ray pulsars have languished in recent years, while theoretical studies have made significant strides. Now, with new and improved gamma-ray telescopes coming online, opportunities present themselves for dramatic improvements in our understanding of these objects. The new facilities and better modeling of processes at work in high-energy pulsars will address a number of important open questions. C1 [Thompson, D. J.; Fermi Large Area Telescope Collab] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Thompson, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012 OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0616-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1085 BP 112 EP 119 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIX29 UT WOS:000263556300011 ER PT S AU Angelakis, E Kadler, M Lewis, K Sambruna, RM Eracleous, M Zensus, JA AF Angelakis, E. Kadler, M. Lewis, K. Sambruna, R. M. Eracleous, M. Zensus, J. A. BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI A comparison between the radio and the X-ray spectra of broad-line radio galaxies SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 07-AUG 11, 2008 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Soc, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, ISEG, PHOTONICS Co DE Galaxies: active; Galaxies:nuclei; Radio continuum: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; 1ST SURVEY; CALIBRATORS; SAMPLE AB We present the spectral characteristics of a sample of Intermediate-Luminosity Broad-Line Radio Galaxies in Xrays, optical and radio. Here, we focus on the radio spectra acquired with the 100 in radio telescope in Effelsberg between 2.6 GHz and 32 GHz. These measurements reveal different spectral shapes urging for radio imaging that would disclose the source morphology. Comparing them with the X-ray spectra acquired with XMM-Newton, we find that sources with steep radio spectrum are heavily obscured whereas flat spectrum ones appear unabsorbed in accordance with unified scheme. C1 [Angelakis, E.; Zensus, J. A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Kadler, M.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dr Karl Remeis Observ, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Lewis, K.] Dickinson Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. [Sambruna, R. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Eracleous, M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Angelakis, E (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. FU NASA Postdoctoral program at the Goddard Space Flight Center; Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA FX Based on observations with the 100 m telescope of the MPIfR (Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie). MK and KL Have been supported by the NASA Postdoctoral program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0616-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1085 BP 522 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIX29 UT WOS:000263556300103 ER PT S AU Nishikawa, KI Niemiec, J Sol, H Medvedev, M Zhang, B Nordlund, A Frederiksen, J Hardee, P Mizuno, Y Hartmann, DH Fishman, GJ AF Nishikawa, K-, I Niemiec, J. Sol, H. Medvedev, M. Zhang, B. Nordlund, A. Frederiksen, J. Hardee, P. Mizuno, Y. Hartmann, D. H. Fishman, G. J. BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI New Relativistic Particle-In-Cell Simulation Studies of Prompt and Early Afterglows from GRBs SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 07-AUG 11, 2008 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Soc, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, ISEG, PHOTONICS Co DE Weibel instability; magnetic field generation; radiation ID RAY BURST SOURCES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SHOCKS; RADIATION; UPSTREAM; EMISSION; ORIGIN; PLASMA AB Nonthermal radiation observed from astrophysical systems containing relativistic jets and shocks, e.g., gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and microquasars commonly exhibit power-law emission spectra. Recent PIC simulations of relativistic electron-ion (or electron-positron) jets injected into a stationary medium show that particle acceleration occurs within the downstream jet. In collisionless, relativistic shocks, particle (electron, positron, and ion) acceleration is due to plasma waves and their associated instabilities (e.g., the Weibel (filamentation) instability) created in the shock region. The simulations show that the Weibel instability is responsible for generating and amplifying highly non-uniform, small-scale magnetic fields. These fields contribute to the electron's transverse deflection behind the jet head. The resulting "jitter" radiation from deflected electrons has different properties compared to synchrotron radiation, which assumes a uniform magnetic field. Jitter radiation may be important for understanding the complex time evolution and/or spectra in gamma-ray bursts, relativistic jets in general, and supernova remnants. C1 [Nishikawa, K-, I; Mizuno, Y.] Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Sol, H.] Inst Nucl Phys, PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Medvedev, M.] LUTH, Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Zhang, B.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Nordlund, A.; Frederiksen, J.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Hardee, P.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Hartmann, D. H.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Fishman, G. J.] NASA, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Nishikawa, KI (reprint author), Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RI Mizuno, Yosuke/D-5656-2017 OI Mizuno, Yosuke/0000-0002-8131-6730 FU MNiSW [1 P03D 003 29, N N203 393034]; The foundation for polish science through the HOMING program; NASA Advanced supercomputing (NAS); Danish Natural science Research Council; [AST-0506719]; [AST-0506666]; [NASA-NNG05GK73G]; [NNX07AJ88G] FX we have benefited from many useful discussions with A.J. van der Horst. This work is supported by AST-0506719, AST-0506666, NASA-NNG05GK73G and NNX07AJ88G. JN was supported by MNiSW research projects 1 P03D 003 29 and N N203 393034, and The foundation for polish science through the HOMING program, which is supported through the EEA financial machanical simulations were performed at the columbia facility at the NASA Advanced supercomputing (NAS). part of this work was done while K.-1. N. was visiting the Niels Bohr Institute. Support from the Danish Natural science Research Council is gratefully acknowledged. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0616-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1085 BP 589 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIX29 UT WOS:000263556300120 ER PT B AU Zima, H Hall, M Chame, J AF Zima, Hans Hall, Mary Chame, Jacqueline GP ACM TI Model-Guided Autotuning of High-Productivity Languages for Petascale Computing SO HPDC'09: 18TH ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th ACM International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC 2009) CY JUN 11-13, 2009 CL Munich, GERMANY SP ACM, SIGARCH ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE FORTRAN; HPF AB This paper systematically addresses the enormous complexity of mapping applications to current and future highly parallel platforms - including scalable architectures consisting of tens of thousands of nodes, many-core devices with tens to hundreds of cores, and hierarchical systems providing multilevel parallelism. At systems of these scales, for many important algorithms, performance is dominated by the time required to move data across the levels of the memory hierarchy. As a consequence, locality awareness of algorithms kind the efficient management of communication are essential requirements for obtaining scalable parallel performance, and are of particular concern for applications characterized by irregular memory access patterns. We describe the design of a, programming system that focuses on productivity of application programmers in expressing locality-aware algorithms for high-end architectures, which are then automatically tuned for performance. The approach combines the successes of two novel concepts for managing locality: high-level specification of user-defined data distributions and model-guided autotuning for data locality. The resulting combined system provides a powerful general mechanism for the specification of data distributions, which can express domain-specific knowledge, and facilitates automatic tuning of a distribution to access patterns in algorithms and its application to different levels of a memory hierarchy. Because there is a clean separation between the specification of a data distribution kind the algorithms in which it is used, these can be written separately and composed together to quickly develop new applications that call be tuned in the context; of their data set and execution environment. We address key issues for a range of codes that include LU Decomposition, Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiply and Knowledge Discovery. The knowledge discovery algorithms, in particular, stress the proposed language and compiler technology and provide a forcing function for developing tools that address inherent challenges of irregular applications. C1 [Zima, Hans] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Zima, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM zima@jpl.nasa.gov; mhall@cs.utah.edu; jchame@isi.edu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-60558-587-1 PY 2009 BP 151 EP 165 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BNL57 UT WOS:000274864200020 ER PT B AU Silk, EA Myre, D AF Silk, Eric A. Myre, David GP ASME TI FRACTAL LOOP HEAT PIPE HEAT FLUX AND OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE TESTING SO HT2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div DE Fractals; LHP; Heat Flux ID TEMPERATURE; WICK AB This study investigates heat flux performance for a LHP that includes a fractal based evaporator design. The prototype Fractal Loop Heat Pipe (FLHP) was designed and manufactured by Mikros Manufacturing Inc. and validation tested at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's Thermal Engineering Branch laboratory. Heat input to the FLHP was supplied via cartridge heaters mounted in a copper block. The copper heater block was placed in intimate contact with the evaporator. The evaporator had a circular cross-sectional area of 0.877 cm(2). Twice distilled, deionized water was used as the working fluid. Thermal performance data was obtained for three different Condenser/Subcooler temperature combinations under degassed conditions (P(sat) = 25.3 kPa at 22 degrees C). The FLHP demonstrated successful start-ups in each of the test cases performed. Test results show that the highest heat flux demonstrated was 75 W/cm(2). C1 [Silk, Eric A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Thermal Engn Technol Dev Grp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Silk, EA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Thermal Engn Technol Dev Grp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4358-1 PY 2009 BP 221 EP 229 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRL33 UT WOS:000283010000026 ER PT B AU Golliher, E Ku, J Licari, A Sanzi, J AF Golliher, Eric Ku, Jentung Licari, Anthony Sanzi, James GP ASME TI INVESTIGATION OF LOOP HEAT PIPE SURVIVAL AND RESTART AFTER EXTREME COLD ENVIRONMENT EXPOSURE SO HT2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div AB NASA plans human exploration near the South Pole of the Moon, and other locations where the environment is extremely cold. This paper reports on the heat transfer performance of a loop heat pipe exposed to extreme cold under the simulated reduced gravitational environment of the Moon. A common method of spacecraft thermal control is to use a loop heat pipe with ammonia working fluid. Typically, a small amount of heat is provided either by electrical heaters or by environmental design, such that the loop heat pipe condenser temperature never drops below the freezing point of ammonia. The concern is that a liquid-filled, frozen condenser would not re-start, or that a thawing condenser would damage the tubing due to the expansion of ammonia upon thawing. This paper reports the results of an experimental investigation of a novel approach to avoid these problems. The loop heat pipe compensation chamber is conditioned such that all the ammonia liquid is removed from the condenser and the loop heat pipe is non-operating. The condenser temperature is then reduced to below that of the ammonia freezing point. The loop heat pipe is then successfully re-started. C1 [Golliher, Eric] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Golliher, E (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4358-1 PY 2009 BP 465 EP 469 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRL33 UT WOS:000283010000053 ER PT S AU Trujillo, A AF Trujillo, Anna BE Jacko, JA TI Paper to Electronic Questionnaires: Effects on Structured Questionnaire Forms SO HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 19-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA DE Electronic questionnaires; Cooper-Harper controllability rating; questionnaire formats AB With the use of computers, paper questionnaires are being replaced by electronic questionnaires. The formats of traditional paper questionnaires have been found to affect a subject's rating. Consequently, the transition from paper to electronic format can subtly change results. The research presented begins to determine how electronic questionnaire formats change subjective ratings. For formats where subjects used a flow chart to arrive at their rating, starting at the worst and middle ratings of the flow charts were the most accurate but subjects took slightly more time to arrive at their answers. Except for the electronic paper format, starting at the worst rating was the most preferred. The paper and electronic paper versions had the worst accuracy. Therefore, for flowchart type of questionnaires, flowcharts should start at the worst rating and work their way up to better ratings. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Trujillo, A (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 152, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM anna.c.trujillo@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-02573-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5610 BP 362 EP 371 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BKR17 UT WOS:000268997700041 ER PT S AU Dao, AQV Brandt, SL Battiste, V Vu, KPL Strybel, T Johnson, WW AF Dao, Arik-Quang V. Brandt, Summer L. Battiste, Vernol Vu, Kim-Phuong L. Strybel, Thomas Johnson, Walter W. BE Salvendy, G Smith, MJ TI The Impact of Automation Assisted Aircraft Separation on Situation Awareness SO HUMAN INTERFACE AND THE MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION: INFORMATION AND INTERACTION, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Human Interface held at the HCI International 2009 CY JUL 19-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA DE automation; conflict resolution; situation awareness; cockpit display of traffic information; CDTI; cockpit situation display; CSD AB This study compared situation awareness across three flight deck decision aiding modes. Pilots resolved air traffic conflicts using a click and drag software tool. In the automated aiding condition, pilots executed all resolutions generated by the automation. In the interactive condition, automation suggested a maneuver, but pilots had the choice of accepting or modifying the provided resolution. In the manual condition pilots generated resolutions independently. A technique that combines both Situation Global Assessment Technique and Situation Present Awareness Method was used to assess situation awareness. Results showed that situation awareness was better in the Manual and Interactive conditions when compared to the Automated condition. The finding suggests that pilots are able to maintain greater Situation awareness when they are actively engaged in the conflict resolution process. C1 [Dao, Arik-Quang V.; Brandt, Summer L.; Battiste, Vernol; Johnson, Walter W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Vu, Kim-Phuong L.; Strybel, Thomas] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Psychol, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Dao, AQV (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM quang.v.dao@nasa.gov; summer.l.brandt@nasa.gov; vernol.battiste-1@nasa.gov; walter.w.johnson@nasa.gov; tstrybel@csulb.edu; kvu8@csulb.edu FU NASA [NNA06CN30A] FX This simulation was partially supported by NASA cooperative agreement NNA06CN30A. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-02558-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5618 BP 738 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMB84 UT WOS:000271799300080 ER PT S AU Ligda, SV Johnson, N Lachter, J Johnson, WW AF Ligda, Sarah V. Johnson, Nancy Lachter, Joel Johnson, Walter W. BE Salvendy, G Smith, MJ TI Pilot Confidence with ATC Automation Using Cockpit Situation Display Tools in a Distributed Traffic Management Environment SO HUMAN INTERFACE AND THE MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION: INFORMATION AND INTERACTION, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Human Interface held at the HCI International 2009 CY JUL 19-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA DE automation; conflict resolution; cockpit display of traffic information; CDTI; cockpit situation display; CSD AB NASA's Flight Deck Display Research Laboratory recently investigated air traffic automation designed to alleviate groundside workload in high traffic environments. This paper examines the data from post-experiment debriefings. We found that pilots are comfortable reviewing automated conflict resolutions, as well as modifying those resolutions before execution. The pilots were less comfortable with an automated system that had no pilot or controller human-in-the-loop review process. This traffic management concept will not be optimally achieved if pilots do not trust automation without a human review process in every conflict situation. While initial development of these systems should focus on ways to effectively enable such reviews of the automation, confidence can be expected to increase as pilots develop first-hand experience with the system. C1 [Ligda, Sarah V.; Johnson, Nancy; Lachter, Joel] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Johnson, Walter W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Flightdeck Display Res Lab, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Ligda, SV (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM sarah.v.ligda@nasa.gov; nancy.h.johnson@nasa.gov; joel.b.lachter@nasa.gov; walter.w.johnson@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-02558-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5618 BP 816 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMB84 UT WOS:000271799300088 ER PT S AU Vu, KPL Minakata, K Nguyen, J Kraut, J Raza, H Battiste, V Strybel, TZ AF Vu, Kim-Phuong L. Minakata, Katsumi Nguyen, Jimmy Kraut, Josh Raza, Hamzah Battiste, Vernol Strybel, Thomas Z. BE Salvendy, G Smith, MJ TI Situation Awareness and Performance of Student versus Experienced Air Traffic Controllers SO HUMAN INTERFACE AND THE MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION: INFORMATION AND INTERACTION, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Human Interface held at the HCI International 2009 CY JUL 19-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA DE situation awareness; air traffic controllers; NextGen AB A human-in-the-loop simulation was conducted to examine performance, workload, and situation awareness of students and retired air traffic controllers using an on-line situation awareness probe technique. Performance of the students did not differ from the controllers on many of the performance variables examined, a finding attributed to extensive sector-specific simulation training provided to the students. Both students and controllers indicated that workload was higher and situation awareness was lower in scenarios where the traffic density was high. However, the subjective workload and situation awareness scores indicate that students were more negatively affected by traffic density. Implications of these findings are discussed. C1 [Vu, Kim-Phuong L.; Minakata, Katsumi; Nguyen, Jimmy; Kraut, Josh; Raza, Hamzah; Strybel, Thomas Z.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Ctr Study Adv Aeronaut Technol, 1250 N Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Battiste, Vernol] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose State Univ Fdn, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Vu, KPL (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Ctr Study Adv Aeronaut Technol, 1250 N Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM kvu8@csulb.edu; kminakata@gmail.com; mrjimnguyen@gmail.com; krautjosh@gmail.com; hraza84@gmail.com; vern.battiste-1@nasa.gov; tstrybel@csulb.edu FU NASA [NNA06CN30A] FX This simulation was partially supported by NASA cooperative agreement NNA06CN30A. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-02558-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5618 BP 865 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMB84 UT WOS:000271799300093 ER PT J AU van der Velde, R Su, Z Ek, M Rodell, M Ma, Y AF van der Velde, R. Su, Z. Ek, M. Rodell, M. Ma, Y. TI Influence of thermodynamic soil and vegetation parameterizations on the simulation of soil temperature states and surface fluxes by the Noah LSM over a Tibetan plateau site SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; LAND-SURFACE; WATER-BALANCE; HEAT-TRANSFER; LAYER; SENSITIVITY; MOISTURE; CLIMATE; ENERGY; FIELD AB In this paper, we investigate the ability of the Noah Land Surface Model (LSM) to simulate temperature states in the soil profile and surface fluxes measured during a 7-day dry period at a micrometeorological station on the Tibetan Plateau. Adjustments in soil and vegetation parameterizations required to ameliorate the Noah simulation on these two aspects are presented, which include: (1) differentiating the soil thermal properties of top- and subsoils, (2) investigation of the different numerical soil discretizations and (3) calibration of the parameters utilized to describe the transpiration dynamics of the Plateau vegetation. Through the adjustments in the parameterization of the soil thermal properties (STP) simulation of the soil heat transfer is improved, which results in a reduction of Root Mean Squared Differences (RMSD's) by 14%, 18% and 49% between measured and simulated skin, 5-cm and 25-cm soil temperatures, respectively. Further, decreasing the minimum stomatal resistance (R-c,R-min) and the optimum temperature for transpiration (T-opt) of the vegetation parameterization reduces RMSD's between measured and simulated energy balance components by 30%, 20% and 5% for the sensible, latent and soil heat flux, respectively. C1 [van der Velde, R.; Su, Z.] Int Inst Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands. [Ek, M.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Suitland, MD USA. [Rodell, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ma, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. RP van der Velde, R (reprint author), Int Inst Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Hengelosestr 99,POB 6, NL-7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands. EM velde@itc.nl RI Su, Z. (Bob)/D-4383-2009; Rodell, Matthew/E-4946-2012; van der Velde, Rogier /K-8623-2013 OI Rodell, Matthew/0000-0003-0106-7437; van der Velde, Rogier /0000-0003-2157-4110 NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2009 VL 13 IS 6 BP 759 EP 777 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 464XO UT WOS:000267543200005 ER PT J AU Cochran, AL Barker, ES Caballero, MD Gyorgey-Ries, J AF Cochran, A. L. Barker, E. S. Caballero, M. D. Gyoergey-Ries, J. TI Placing the Deep Impact Mission into context: Two decades of observations of 9P/Tempel 1 from McDonald Observatory SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Comet Tempel 1; Comets, composition; Spectroscopy ID COMET 9P/TEMPEL-1; COMET-9P/TEMPEL-1; GAS; FLUORESCENCE; NUCLEUS; TARGET AB We report on low-spectral resolution observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 from 1983, 1989, 1994 and 2005 using the 2.7 m Harlan J. Smith telescope of McDonald Observatory. This comet was the target of NASA's Deep Impact mission and our observations allowed us to characterize the comet prior to the impact. We found that the comet showed a decrease in gas production from 1983 to 2005, with the decrease being different factors for different species. OH decreased by a factor 2.7, NH by 1.7, CN by 1.6, C(3) by 1.8, CH by 1.4 and C(2) by 1.3. Despite the decrease in overall gas production and these slightly different decrease factors, we find that the gas production rates of OH, NH, C(3), CH and C(2) ratioed to that of CN were constant over all of the apparitions. We saw no change in the production rate ratios after the impact. We found that the peak gas production occurred about two months prior to perihelion. Comet Tempel 1 is a "normal" comet. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cochran, A. L.; Gyoergey-Ries, J.] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Barker, E. S.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, KX Orbital Debris Program Off, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Caballero, M. D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Caballero, M. D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Nonlinear Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Cochran, AL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, 1 Univ Stn,C1402, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM anita@barolo.as.utexas.edu FU NASA [NNG04G162G] FX This research was supported by NASA Grant NNG04G162G and predecessor grants. McDonald Observatory is operated by The University of Texas at Austin. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2009 VL 199 IS 1 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.08.015 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 394KY UT WOS:000262446800009 ER PT J AU Ferrari, C Brooks, S Edgington, S Leyrat, C Pilorz, S Spilker, L AF Ferrari, C. Brooks, S. Edgington, S. Leyrat, C. Pilorz, S. Spilker, L. TI Structure of self-gravity wakes in Saturn's A ring as measured by Cassini CIRS SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Planetary rings; Infrared observations; Saturn, rings; Disks ID AZIMUTHAL BRIGHTNESS VARIATIONS; DENSE PLANETARY RINGS; THERMAL EMISSION; RADIAL STRUCTURE; ASYMMETRY; PARTICLES; ANGLE AB The CIRS infrared spectrometer onboard the Cassini spacecraft has scanned Saturn's A ring azimuthally from several viewing angles since its orbit insertion in 2004. A quadrupolar asymmetry has been detected in this ring at spacecraft elevations ranging between 16 degrees to 37 degrees. Its fractional amplitude decreases from 22% to 8% from 20 degrees to 37 degrees elevations. The patterns observed in two almost complete azimuthal scans at elevations 20 and 36 strongly favor the self-gravity wakes as the origin of the asymmetry. The elliptical, infinite cylinder model of Hedman et al. [Hedman, M.M., Nicholson, P.D.. Salo, H.. Wallis, B.D., Buratti, Bj., Baines, K.H., Brown, R.H., Clark, R.N., 2007. Astron. J. 133, 2624-2629] can reproduce the CIRS observations well. Such wakes are found to have an average height-to-spacing ratio H/lambda = 0.1607 +/- 0.0002, a widthover-spacing W/lambda = 0.3833 +/- 0.0008. Gaps between wakes, which are filled with particles, have an optical depth tau(G) = 0.1231 +/- 0.0005. The wakes mean pitch angle phi(W) is 70.70 degrees +/- 0.07 degrees, relative to the radial direction. The comparison of ground-based visible data with CIRS observations constrains the A ring to be a monolayer. For a surface mass density of 40 gcm(-2) [Tiscarino, M.S., Burns, J.A., Nicholson, P.D., Hedman, M.M., Porco, C.C., 2007. Icarus 189, 14-34], the expected spacing of wakes is lambda approximate to 60 m. Their height and width would then be H approximate to 10 m and W approximate to 24 m, values that match the maximum size of particles in this ring as determined from ground-based stellar occultations [French, R.G.. Nicholson, P.D., 2000. Icarus 145, 502-523]. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ferrari, C.] CEA, IRFU, AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Ferrari, C.] Univ Paris 07, Lab AIM, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Brooks, S.; Edgington, S.; Leyrat, C.; Pilorz, S.; Spilker, L.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ferrari, C (reprint author), CEA, IRFU, AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM cferrari@cea.fr RI Ferrari, Cecile/P-9735-2016 OI Ferrari, Cecile/0000-0001-5962-7439 FU National de Planetologie and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales FX This work was supported by the Programme National de Planetologie and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales. We thank both anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on this manuscript. It is dedicated to Jacques, to the precious time we shared, before he left. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2009 VL 199 IS 1 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.09.001 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 394KY UT WOS:000262446800011 ER PT J AU Rappaport, NJ Longaretti, PY French, RG Marouf, EA McGhee, CA AF Rappaport, Nicole J. Longaretti, Pierre-Yves French, Richard G. Marouf, Essam A. McGhee, Colleen A. TI A procedure to analyze nonlinear density waves in Saturn's rings using several occultation profiles SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Saturn, rings ID SELF-GRAVITY WAKES; PLANETARY RINGS; RADIO OCCULTATION; RESONANCE STRUCTURES; CASSINI VIMS; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM AB Cassini radio science experiments have provided multiple occultation optical depth profiles of Saturn's rings that can be used in combination to analyze density waves. This paper establishes an accurate procedure of inversion of the wave profiles to reconstruct the wave kinematic parameters as a function of semi-major axis, in the nonlinear regime. This procedure is established using simulated data in the presence of realistic noise perturbations, to control the reconstruction error. It is then applied to the Mimas 5:3 density wave. There are two important concepts at the basis of this procedure. The first one is that it uses the nonlinear representation of density waves, and the second one is that it relies on a combination of optical depth profiles instead of just one profile. A related method to analyze density waves was devised by Longaretti and Borderies [Longaretti, P.-Y., Borderies, N., 1986. Icarus 67, 211-223] to study the nonlinear density wave associated with the Minlas 5:3 resonance, but the single photopolarimetric profile provided limited constraints. Other studies of density waves analyzing Cassini data [Colwell, J.E., Esposito, L.W., 2007. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 39, 461; Tiscareno. M.S., Burns, J.A., Nicholson, P.D., Hedman, M.M., Porco, C.C., 2007. Icarus 189, 14-34] are based on the linear theory and find inconsistent results from profile to profile. Multiple cuts of the rings are helpful in a fundamental way to ensure the accuracy of the procedure by forcing consistency among the various optical depth profiles. By way of illustration we have applied our procedure to the Mimas 5:3 density wave. We were able to recover precisely the kinematic parameters from the radio experiment occultation data in most of the propagation region; a preliminary analysis of the pressure-corrected dispersion allowed us to determine new but still uncertain values for the opacity (K similar or equal to 0.02 cm(2)/g) and velocity dispersion of (c(0) similar or equal to 0.6 cm/s) in the wave region. Our procedure constitutes the first step in our planned analysis of the density waves of Saturn's rings. It is very accurate and efficient in the far-wave region. However, improvements are required within the first wavelength. The ways in which this method can be used to establish diagnostics of ring physics are outlined. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rappaport, Nicole J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Longaretti, Pierre-Yves] Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Astrophys Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Longaretti, Pierre-Yves] CNRS, INSU, F-75700 Paris, France. [French, Richard G.; McGhee, Colleen A.] Wellesley Coll, Dept Astron, Wellesley, MA 02181 USA. [Marouf, Essam A.] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Rappaport, NJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ms 301-150,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM nicole.j.rappaport@jpl.nasa.gov NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2009 VL 199 IS 1 BP 154 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.08.014 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 394KY UT WOS:000262446800012 ER PT J AU Hapke, BW Shepard, MK Nelson, RM Smythe, WD Piatek, JL AF Hapke, Bruce W. Shepard, Michael K. Nelson, Robert M. Smythe, William D. Piatek, Jennifer L. TI A quantitative test of the ability of models based on the equation of radiative transfer to predict the bidirectional reflectance of a well-characterized medium SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Photometry; Regoliths; Spectroscopy ID COHERENT BACKSCATTER; SPHERICAL-PARTICLES; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ASYMMETRY PARAMETERS; PLANETARY REGOLITHS; PHASE FUNCTION; T-MATRIX; SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACES AB Predictions of two widely-used regolith reflectance models, a numerically exact computer code and an approximate analytic equation, based on the equation of radiative transfer were tested against the measured reflectance of a medium of close-packed spheres, whose properties supposedly can be well-characterized. Surprisingly, the approximate analytic model was a better match to the experimental data than the numerically exact computer solution. Other approximate regolith models were tested briefly with similar results. Discrepancies between the two models and between models and experiment can be explained if the phase functions and albedos of the spheres are not the same as when the particles are isolated. Differences include the absence of the Fraunhoffer diffraction peak, which is an intrinsic assumption of the approximate analytical model but not the exact numerical model, and increased scattering in the mid-range of phase angles, which the approximate analytic model fortuitously describes more accurately than the exact numerical model. These changes may be caused by the close proximity of surrounding particles. If they are taken into account, models based on the radiative transfer equation appear able to quantitatively predict the reflectances of regoliths and other particulate media. Interparticle perturbations are also predicted to cause a coherent backscatter opposition effect in the backward direction that was observed, but its angular width was found to be much larger than predicted by theories for sparsely-packed media. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hapke, Bruce W.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Shepard, Michael K.] Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Dept Geog & Geosci, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. [Nelson, Robert M.; Smythe, William D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Piatek, Jennifer L.] Cent Connecticut State Univ, Dept Phys & Earth Sci, New Britain, CT 06050 USA. RP Hapke, BW (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, 200 SRCC Bldg,4107 Ohara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM hapke@pitt.edu FU Planetary Geology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank Potters Industries for generously donating a sample of their glass bead powder. We thank Jian-Yang Li and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments that greatly improved this paper. This research is supported by grants from the Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 39 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2009 VL 199 IS 1 BP 210 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.09.006 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 394KY UT WOS:000262446800016 ER PT J AU Laan, EC Volten, H Stam, DM Munoz, O Hovenier, JW Roush, TL AF Laan, E. C. Volten, H. Stam, D. M. Munoz, O. Hovenier, J. W. Roush, T. L. TI Scattering matrices and expansion coefficients of martian analogue palagonite particles SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Polarimetry; Radiative transfer; Mars, atmosphere; Mars, surface; Mars, climate ID RANDOMLY ORIENTED PARTICLES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; ATMOSPHERIC DUST; POLARIZED-LIGHT; PHASE FUNCTIONS; MARS; SHAPE; COMPUTATIONS AB We present measurements of ratios of elements of the scattering matrix of martian analogue palagonite particles for scattering angles ranging from 3 degrees to 174 degrees and a wavelength of 632.8 nm. To facilitate the use of these measurements in radiative transfer calculations we have devised a method that enables us to obtain, from these measurements, a normalized synthetic scattering matrix covering the complete scattering angle range from 0 degrees to 180 degrees. Our method is based on employing the coefficients of the expansions of scattering matrix elements into generalized spherical functions. The synthetic scattering matrix elements and/or the expansion coefficients obtained in this way, can be used to include multiple scattering by these irregularly shaped particles in (polarized) radiative transfer calculations, such as calculations of sunlight that is scattered in the dusty martian atmosphere. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Laan, E. C.; Volten, H.; Hovenier, J. W.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Laan, E. C.] TNO Sci & Ind, NL-2600 AD Delft, Netherlands. [Stam, D. M.] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Stam, D. M.] Delft Univ Technol, DEOS, NL-2629 HS Delft, Netherlands. [Munoz, O.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Roush, T. L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Laan, EC (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Kruislaan 403, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM erik.laan@tno.nl OI Munoz, Olga/0000-0002-5138-3932 NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2009 VL 199 IS 1 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.08.011 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 394KY UT WOS:000262446800017 ER PT S AU Glamoclija, M Steele, A Fries, M Schieber, J Voytek, MA Cockell, CS AF Glamoclija, Mihaela Steele, Andrew Fries, Marc Schieber, Juergen Voytek, Mary A. Cockell, Charles S. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Association of anatase (TiO2) and microbes: Unusual fossilization effect or a potential biosignature? SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MOUNT BRUCE SUPERGROUP; BAY BOLIDE IMPACT; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; ANCIENT DNA; MOLECULAR FOSSILS; NILE RED; PHOTOCATALYTIC DISINFECTION; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WASTE-WATER AB We combined microbial paleontology and molecular biology methods to study the Eyreville B drill core from the 35.3-Ma-old Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA. The investigated sample is a pyrite vein collected from the 1353.81-1353.89 m depth interval, located within a section of biotite granite. The granite is a pre-impact rock that was disrupted by the impact event. A search for inorganic (mineral) biosignatures revealed the presence of micron-size rod morphologies of anatase (TiO2) embedded in chlorite coatings on pyrite grains. Neither the Acridine Orange microbial probe nor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifi cation showed the presence of DNA or ribonucleic acid (RNA) at the location of anatase rods, implying the absence of viable cells in the investigated area. A Nile Red microbial probe revealed the presence of lipids in the rods. Because most of the lipids are resistant over geologic time spans, they are good biomarkers, and they are an indicator of biogenicity for these possibly 35-Ma-old microbial fossils. The mineral assemblage suggests that rod morphologies are associated with low-temperature (< 100 degrees C) hydrothermal alteration that involved aqueous fluids. The temporal constraints on the anatase fossils are still uncertain because pre-impact alteration of the granite and postimpact heating may have provided identical conditions for anatase precipitation and microbial preservation. C1 [Glamoclija, Mihaela; Steele, Andrew] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Fries, Marc] Jet Prop Lab, Div Earth & Space Sci, Planetary Habitabil Sci Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Schieber, Juergen] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Voytek, Mary A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Cockell, Charles S.] Open Univ, Ctr Earth Planetary Space & Astron Res, Geomicrobiol Res Grp, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Glamoclija, M (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM mglamoclija@ciw.edu RI Schieber, Juergen Schieber/A-3001-2013 NR 81 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 965 EP 975 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(42) PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600044 ER PT B AU Cooper, KB Llombart, N Dengler, RJ Siegel, PH AF Cooper, K. B. Llombart, N. Dengler, R. J. Siegel, P. H. GP IEEE TI Beam Width Robustness of a 670 GHz Imaging Radar SO ICEAA: 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA 2009) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Torino, ITALY AB Detection of a replica bomb belt concealed on a mannequin at 4 m standoff range is achieved using a 670 GHz imaging radar. At a somewhat larger standoff range of 4.6 m, the radar's beam width increases substantially, but the through-shirt image quality remains good. This suggests that a relatively modest increase in aperture size over the current design will be sufficient to detect person-borne concealed weapons at ranges exceeding 25 meters. C1 [Cooper, K. B.; Llombart, N.; Dengler, R. J.; Siegel, P. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Cooper, KB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. EM ken.b.cooper@jpl.nasa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3385-8 PY 2009 BP 611 EP 612 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOY29 UT WOS:000278037600151 ER PT S AU Bowling, A Flickinger, DM Harmeyer, S AF Bowling, Alan Flickinger, Daniel Montrallo Harmeyer, Sean GP IEEE TI Energetically Consistent Collisions in Simulation of Multibody Systems SO ICRA: 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY MAY 12-17, 2009 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE ID DYNAMICS; FRICTION; IMPACT; FORMULATION; MODEL AB This paper presents a methodology for treating energy consistency when considering multiple simultaneous impacts and contacts with friction in the simulation of systems of multiple interconnected bodies. Hard impact and contact is considered where deformation of the impacting surfaces is negligible. The proposed approach uses a discrete algebraic model of impact in conjunction with moment and tangential coefficients of restitution (CORs) to develop a general impact law for determining post-impact velocities. This process depends on impulse-momentum theory, complementarity conditions, a principle of maximum dissipation, and the determination of contact forces. The proposed methodology also uses an energy-modifying COR to directly control the system's energy. The approach is illustrated on a bicycle-like structure. C1 [Bowling, Alan; Flickinger, Daniel Montrallo] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Harmeyer, Sean] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Houston, TX USA. RP Bowling, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM bowling@uta.edu; daniel.flickinger@mavs.uta.edu; sharmeye@nd.edu FU NSF [IIS-0238487] FX This work was supported by NSF Grant #IIS-0238487. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-2788-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2009 BP 3919 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BOB06 UT WOS:000276080402013 ER PT S AU Wolf, MT Burdick, JW AF Wolf, Michael T. Burdick, Joel W. GP IEEE TI Multiple Hypothesis Tracking Using Clustered Measurements SO ICRA: 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation-ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY MAY 12-17, 2009 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE ID TARGET TRACKING; ALGORITHM AB This paper introduces an algorithm for tracking targets whose locations are inferred from clusters of observations. This method, which we call MHTC, expands the traditional multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) hypothesis tree to include model hypotheses-possible ways the data can be clustered in each time step-as well as ways the measurements can be associated with existing targets across time steps. We present this new hypothesis framework and its probability expressions and demonstrate MHTC's operation in a robotic solution to tracking neural signal sources. C1 [Wolf, Michael T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Wolf, MT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM wolf@jpl.nasa.gov; jwb@robotics.caltech.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-2788-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2009 BP 4181 EP 4187 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BOB06 UT WOS:000276080402055 ER PT J AU Chien, S Knight, R Stechert, A Sherwood, R Rabideau, G AF Chien, Steve Knight, Russell Stechert, Andre Sherwood, Rob Rabideau, Gregg TI Integrated Planning and Execution for Autonomous Spacecraft SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB An autonomous spacecraft must balance long-term and short-term considerations. It must perform purposeful activities that ensure long-term science and engineering goals are achieved and ensure that it maintains positive resource margins. This requires planning in advance to avoid a series of shortsighted decisions that can lead to failure. However, it must also respond in a timely fashion to a somewhat dynamic and unpredictable environment. Thus, in terms of high-level, goal-oriented activity, spacecraft plans must often be modified due to fortuitous events such as early completion of observations and setbacks such as failure to acquire a guidestar for a science observation. This describes an integrated planning and execution architecture that supports continuous modification and updating of a current working plan in light of a changing operating context. C1 [Chien, Steve; Knight, Russell; Stechert, Andre; Sherwood, Rob; Rabideau, Gregg] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chien, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 401IK UT WOS:000262934200003 ER PT J AU Mayer, JTB Montanez, L Roberts, JA Graves, RD AF Mayer, John T. B. Montanez, Leticia Roberts, James A. Graves, Ricky D. TI Avionics Systems Validation Test Environments SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The Cassini Program is the last of the large interplanetary spacecraft missions. The Integration Test Laboratory (ITL) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is part of the Cassini Program. This laboratory includes the Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem (AACS) testbed. This environment was used to not only verify and validate the AACS, but was also used to develop advanced concepts and ideas for use in future testbed environments. The concepts developed for the AACS testbed included the use of multiple computers, real-time data collection and real-time display, Internet access, and the incorporation of commercially-available components. These concepts resulted in improved simulation fidelity, repeatable operation and reduced future operational costs. This focuses on a description of the testbed, lessons learned, the innovations used, and future directions that will substantially reduce future testbed costs. C1 [Mayer, John T. B.; Montanez, Leticia; Roberts, James A.; Graves, Ricky D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mayer, JTB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 401IK UT WOS:000262934200004 ER PT J AU Rengarajan, SR AF Rengarajan, Sembiam R. TI Coupling Between Waveguide-Fed Planar Slot Arrays SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Array antennas; coupling; isolation; method of moments ID POLARIZATION AB Coupling between two waveguide-fed planar slot arrays is investigated using full-wave analysis. The analysis employs the method-of-moments solution to the pertinent coupled integral equations for the aperture electric field of all slots. From the TE(10) mode scattered by the slots, the complex coefficient of the wave incident at the input port of each array is computed. By exciting the input port of one of the arrays and match-terminating the other, we determine the incident wave amplitude at the input port of the second array, thereby determining the coupling. Computed coupling values are presented for different array geometries. C1 [Rengarajan, Sembiam R.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Rengarajan, Sembiam R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Rengarajan, SR (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM srengarajan@csun.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2009 VL 8 BP 429 EP 432 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2009.2019772 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 496UW UT WOS:000270005800001 ER PT J AU Amadjikpe, AL Choudhury, D Ponchak, GE Pan, B Li, Y Papapolymerou, J AF Amadjikpe, Arnaud L. Choudhury, Debabani Ponchak, George E. Pan, Bo Li, Yuan Papapolymerou, John TI Proximity Effects of Plastic Laptop Covers on Radiation Characteristics of 60-GHz Antennas SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE 60-GHz antennas; electromagnetic diffraction; laptop material environment; millimeter wave; radiation characteristics ID LTCC PACKAGE; INTEGRATION; RADIOS AB This letter highlights impacts on radiation characteristics of 60-GHz antennas operated in the proximity of plastic laptop covers. A series of experiments are carried out with antennas placed under plastic laptop cover materials. Antenna peak gain attenuation through the plastic cover materials is characterized as a function of frequency, distance between antenna and cover, as well as dielectric properties of the materials. The attenuation is moderate and in the order of 2 to 4.5 dB. Diffraction occurs at the cover edges and results in nulls in the antenna radiation pattern. The direction of the nulls is aligned with the cover edges. A null corresponds to more than a 15-dB drop in the antenna gain and might result in a link failure for 60-GHz point-to-point communications. C1 [Amadjikpe, Arnaud L.; Pan, Bo; Li, Yuan; Papapolymerou, John] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Choudhury, Debabani] Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Ponchak, George E.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Amadjikpe, AL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM arnaud.amadjikpe@gatech.edu NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 EI 1548-5757 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2009 VL 8 BP 763 EP 766 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2009.2026299 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 477OR UT WOS:000268528900007 ER PT J AU Rengarajan, SR AF Rengarajan, Sembiam R. TI Reciprocity Considerations in Microstrip Reflectarrays SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Method of moments (MoM); reaction integrals; reciprocity; reflectarray AB The reciprocity principle and the reaction concept are employed to develop procedures for the design and analysis of microstrip reflectarrays in the receive mode. The new design procedure is shown to be fast and efficient, especially for dual-polarization applications. Examples are shown to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the receive mode design technique. C1 [Rengarajan, Sembiam R.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Rengarajan, Sembiam R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Rengarajan, SR (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM srengarajan@csun.edu FU Earth Science Technology Office of NASA FX Manuscript received October 17, 2009. First published November 03, 2009; current version published November 17, 2009. This work was supported by the Earth Science Technology Office of NASA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2009 VL 8 BP 1206 EP 1209 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2009.2035721 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 521WE UT WOS:000271955900007 ER PT J AU Doyle, R Dupuis, E Piedbeouf, JC Oda, M Visentin, G AF Doyle, Richard Dupuis, Erick Piedbeouf, Jean-Claude Oda, Mitsushige Visentin, Gianfranco TI Progress on AI, Robotics, and Automation in Space: A Report from i-SAIRAS 08 SO IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Doyle, Richard] CALTECH, Mission Software Comp & Networking Program Off, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Oda, Mitsushige] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Aerosp Res & Dev Directorate, Space Robot Res Grp, Tokyo, Japan. [Visentin, Gianfranco] European Space Agcy, Automat & Robot Grp, F-75738 Paris 15, France. RP Doyle, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Mission Software Comp & Networking Program Off, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM rdoyle@jpl.nasa.gov; erick.dupuis@asc-csa.gc.ca; jeanclaude.piedboeuf@asc-csa.gc.ca; oda.mitsushige@jaxa.jp; visentin@esa.int NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1541-1672 J9 IEEE INTELL SYST JI IEEE Intell. Syst. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 78 EP 83 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 431TV UT WOS:000265087800014 ER PT J AU Ploen, SR Seraji, H Kinney, CE AF Ploen, Scott R. Seraji, Homayoun Kinney, Charles E. TI Determination of Spacecraft Landing Footprint for Safe Planetary Landing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB A methodology is developed based on a ballistic analysis to estimate the landing footprint associated with the powered terminal descent phase of a spacecraft soft landing. The analysis is based on an idealized two-impulse thrust maneuver and leads to an analytical expression for the elliptical boundary of the landing footprint. The objective is to develop a computationally efficient method to estimate the landing footprint for use in an on-board fuzzy-logic based inference engine for real-time hazard avoidance. The inference engine combines an estimate of the landing footprint with information about the safeness of the landing terrain to construct an overall landing site quality index. The landing site quality index is a critical parameter that enables the spacecraft to make intelligent real-time decisions about landing safely on unknown and hazardous terrains. The footprint generated from the ballistic analysis is also compared with the footprint resulting from numerically integrating a representative guidance law. C1 [Ploen, Scott R.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ploen, SR (reprint author), NASA, Jet Prop Lab, CALTECH, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM scott.r.ploen@jpl.nasa.gov FU JPL Mars Technology Program FX This research was funded under the JPL Mars Technology Program. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 3 EP 16 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 435XH UT WOS:000265376100002 ER PT J AU Courey, KJ Asfour, SS Onar, A Bayliss, JA Ludwig, LL Wright, MC AF Courey, Karim J. Asfour, Shihab S. Onar, Arzu Bayliss, Jon A. Ludwig, Lawrence L. Wright, Maria C. TI Tin Whisker Electrical Short Circuit Characteristics-Part II SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS PACKAGING MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Contact resistance; focused ion beam (FIB); short circuit; tin whiskers; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ID INVERSE GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION AB Existing risk simulations make the assumption that when a free tin whisker has bridged two adjacent exposed electrical conductors, the result is an electrical short circuit. This conservative assumption is made because shorting is a random event that has an unknown probability associated with it. Note however that due to contact resistance, electrical shorts may not occur at lower voltage levels. In our first paper, we developed an empirical probability model for tin whisker shorting. In this paper, we develop a more comprehensive empirical model using a refined experiment with a larger sample size, in which we studied the effect of varying voltage on the breakdown of the contact resistance which leads to a short circuit. From the resulting data, we estimated the probability distribution of an electrical short, as a function of voltage. In addition, the unexpected polycrystalline structure seen in the focused ion beam (FIB) cross section in the first experiment was confirmed in this experiment using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The FIB was also used to cross section two card guides to facilitate the measurement of the grain size of each card guide's tin plating to determine its finish. C1 [Courey, Karim J.] NASA, Orbiter Sustaining Engn Off, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Asfour, Shihab S.] Univ Miami, Coll Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Onar, Arzu] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Biostat, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Bayliss, Jon A.; Ludwig, Lawrence L.; Wright, Maria C.] NASA, Div Mat Sci, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Courey, KJ (reprint author), NASA, Orbiter Sustaining Engn Off, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM karim.j.courey@nasa.gov; sasfour@miami.edu; atzu.onar@stjude.org; jon.a.bayliss@nasa.gov; lawrence.l.ludwig@nasa.gov; m.clara.wright@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1521-334X J9 IEEE T ELECTRON PACK JI IEEE Trans. Electron. Packag. Manuf. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1109/TEPM.2008.2009224 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 395DK UT WOS:000262502400006 ER PT J AU Ramapriyan, HK Di, LP Bruzzone, L AF Ramapriyan, Hampapuram K. Di, Liping Bruzzone, Lorenzo TI SPECIAL ISSUE ON DATA ARCHIVING AND DISTRIBUTION SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ramapriyan, Hampapuram K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Data & Informat Syst Project, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Di, Liping] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, CSISS, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Bruzzone, Lorenzo] Univ Trent, Trento, Italy. RP Ramapriyan, HK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Data & Informat Syst Project, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Bruzzone, Lorenzo/A-2076-2012 OI Bruzzone, Lorenzo/0000-0002-6036-459X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 17 EP 19 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2010483 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 392UM UT WOS:000262327700001 ER PT J AU Kempler, S Lynnes, C Vollmer, B Alcott, G Berrick, S AF Kempler, Steven Lynnes, Christopher Vollmer, Bruce Alcott, Gary Berrick, Stephen TI Evolution of Information Management at the GSFC Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC): 2006-2007 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Data management; Earth science data systems; information management (IM); information technology; online archives; remote sensing ID MISSION AB Increasingly sophisticated National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth science missions have driven their associated data and data management systems from providing simple point-to-point archiving and retrieval to performing user-responsive distributed multisensor information extraction. To fully maximize the use of remote-sensor-generated Earth science data, NASA recognized the need for data systems that provide data access and manipulation capabilities responsive to research brought forth by advancing scientific analysis and the need to maximize the use and usability of the data. The decision by NASA to purposely evolve the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC) and other information management facilities was timely and appropriate. The GES DISC evolution was focused on replacing the EOSDIS Core System (ECS) by reusing the in-house developed disk-based Simple, Scalable, Script-based Science Product Archive (S4PA) data management system and migrating data to the disk archives. Transition was completed in December 2007. C1 [Kempler, Steven; Lynnes, Christopher; Vollmer, Bruce; Alcott, Gary; Berrick, Stephen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kempler, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Steven.J.Kempler@nasa.gov RI Lynnes, Christopher/B-4506-2010 OI Lynnes, Christopher/0000-0001-6744-3349 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2000635 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 392UM UT WOS:000262327700002 ER PT J AU Tilmes, C Linda, M Fleig, AJ AF Tilmes, Curt Linda, Mike Fleig, Albert J. TI Atmospheric Composition Processing System (ACPS) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Data management; data processing; database management systems; remote sensing AB The Atmospheric Composition Processing System (ACPS) is a Community-Oriented Measurement-based Processing System that builds on the heritage mission-based processing used for MODIS, Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer, and Ozone Monitoring Instrument missions. The ACPS features key changes in scalability, interfaces, and provenance capture that will increase access to NASA's Earth Science data and processing capabilities as well as improve the overall system's usefulness as compared with its predecessors. The ACPS consolidates measurement-based processing into a highly reusable suite that will also serve as the platform for NASA's evaluation of the operational ozone products from the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Preparatory Project satellite planned to launch in 2010. C1 [Tilmes, Curt] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tilmes, Curt] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Linda, Mike] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Fleig, Albert J.] PITA Analyt Sci, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Tilmes, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Curt.Tilmes@nasa.gov; Mike.Linda@nasa.gov; Albert.J.Fleig@nasa.gov RI Tilmes, Curt/D-5637-2012; OI Tilmes, Curt/0000-0002-6512-0287 FU NASA Advancing Collaborative Connections for Earth System Science program FX The authors would like to thank the many individuals comprising MODIS and OMI teams for making the development of MODAPS and OMIDAPS Successful. Some of the information presented here was taken from a number of documents and Web sites throughout the two projects. The ACPS evolution has been supported by the NASA Advancing Collaborative Connections for Earth System Science program. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 SI SI BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2002883 PN 1 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 392UM UT WOS:000262327700005 ER PT J AU Khalsa, SJS Nativi, S Geller, GN AF Khalsa, Siri Jodha Singh Nativi, Stefano Geller, Gary N. TI The GEOSS Interoperability Process Pilot Project (IP3) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Data processing; informatics; interoperability; modeling ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISTRIBUTIONS; PATTERNS AB There is an ever-increasing need to integrate knowledge from the diverse disciplines engaged in studying the constituent parts of the complex Earth system. With the emergence of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), which is bringing together thousands of previously isolated Earth observing systems, the necessity of establishing methods that will help in the integration of varied discipline information systems becomes even more urgent. The Group on Earth Observations (GEO) was established to oversee the creation of GEOSS which seeks to advance the convergence of Earth observing systems based on interoperability arrangements agreed to by consensus. We describe the specific approaches that GEO has proposed for achieving interoperability among its component systems and give an overview of the GEOSS Interoperability Process Pilot Project (IP3). The IP3 is helping to develop an advanced information infrastructure that supports the formation and operation of Earth System Science communities based on cross-disciplinary information exchange. This means moving from discipline-specific monolithic data-centric systems toward modular service-oriented information systems. GEOSS seeks to provide scientists, researchers, and decision makers with a persistent set of independent but interoperable information services that can tie applied to address many pressing societal issues. The IP3 is furthering this cause by piloting a framework for multidisciplinary knowledge integration. C1 [Khalsa, Siri Jodha Singh] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nativi, Stefano] Italian Natl Res Council, Inst Methodol Environm Anal, I-50100 Florence, Italy. [Geller, Gary N.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Khalsa, SJS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sirijodha.khalsa@ieee.org; nativi@imaa.cnr.it; gary.n.geller@jpl.nasa.gov RI Nativi, Stefano/E-7180-2016; KHalsa, Siri Jodha/A-9338-2009; OI Nativi, Stefano/0000-0003-3185-8539; KHalsa, Siri Jodha/0000-0001-9217-5550; Geller, Gary/0000-0002-4490-6002 FU IEEE Committee on Earth Observations; Italian National Research Council; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology, FX Manuscript received February 1, 2008; revised May 8, 2008 and June 20, 2008. First published December 2, 2008; current version published December 17, 2008. This work was supported in part by the IEEE Committee on Earth Observations, by the Italian National Research Council, and by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a Contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 SI SI BP 80 EP 91 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2007304 PN 1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 392UM UT WOS:000262327700008 ER PT J AU Lynnes, C Strub, R Seiler, E Joshi, T MacHarrie, P AF Lynnes, Christopher Strub, Richard Seiler, Edward Joshi, Tilak MacHarrie, Peter TI Mirador: A Simple Fast Search Interface for Global Remote Sensing Data Sets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Database searching; information retrieval; remote sensing; search methods ID DATA ARCHIVE; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM AB A major challenge for remote sensing researchers is, searching and acquiring relevant data files for their research projects based on content, space, and time constraints. Several structured query (SQ) and hierarchical navigation (HN) search interfaces have been developed to satisfy this requirement. However, the popularity of free-text (FT) search in the general domain led the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center to develop an FT search interface named Mirador-that supports space-time queries, including a gazetteer and geophysical event gazetteer. In order to compensate for a slightly reduced search precision relative to SQ and HN methods, Mirador uses several search optimizations to return results quickly, enabling iterative search strategies. C1 [Lynnes, Christopher; Strub, Richard; Seiler, Edward; Joshi, Tilak] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [MacHarrie, Peter] Perot Syst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Lynnes, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Chris.Lynnes@nasa.gov; Peter.MacHarrie@noaa.gov RI Lynnes, Christopher/B-4506-2010 OI Lynnes, Christopher/0000-0001-6744-3349 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 92 EP 96 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2002646 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 392UM UT WOS:000262327700009 ER PT J AU Berrick, SW Leptoukh, G Farley, JD Rui, HL AF Berrick, Stephen W. Leptoukh, Gregory Farley, John D. Rui, Hualan TI Giovanni: A Web Service Workflow-Based Data Visualization and Analysis System SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric measurements; data flow computing; data processing AB NASA's Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center has developed the Goddard Interactive Online Visualization ANd aNalysis Infrastructure or "Giovanni," an asynchronous Web-service-based workflow management system for Earth science data. Giovanni has been providing an intuitive and responsive interface for visualizing, analyzing, and intercomparing multisensor data using only a Web browser to scientists and other users. Giovanni supports many types of single- and multiparameter visualizations and statistical analyses. The interface also provides users with capabilities for downloading images and data in multiple formats. Giovanni supports open and standard data protocols and formats. Finally, Giovanni provides users with a data lineage that describes, in detail, the algorithms used in processing the data including caveats and other scientifically pertinent information. C1 [Berrick, Stephen W.; Rui, Hualan] NASA, Goddard Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Farley, John D.] SSAI Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Rui, Hualan] ADNET Syst Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Berrick, SW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Stephen.W.Berrick@nasa.gov; Gregory.G.Leptoukh@nasa.gov; john_farley@ssaihq.com; Hualan.Rui-1@nasa.gov FU Goddard Aerosol Group (Yoram Kaufman); Ocean Color Time-series Project [CAN-02-OES-01]; NASA Data Integration into Global Agricultural Decision Support Systems Project [CAN 02-OES-01]; GOCART Group; A-Train Data Depot [NNH05ZDA001N-ACCESS]; NASA NEESPI Data Center [NNH05ZDA001N-ACCESS]; Aerosol Integrated Intercomparison and Validation Project; Long-Term Aerosol Data Records [NNH06ZDA001N-MEASURES] FX Manuscript received January 28, 2008; revised July 2, 2008. First published November 25, 2008; current version published December 17, 2008. This work was supported in part by the Goddard Aerosol Group (Yoram Kaufman), by the Ocean Color Time-series Project (Watson Gregg, REASON CAN-02-OES-01), by the NASA Data Integration into Global Agricultural Decision Support Systems Project (Steve Kempler, REASON CAN 02-OES-01), by the GOCART Group (Mian Chin), by the A-Train Data Depot (Steve Kempler, NNH05ZDA001N-ACCESS), by the NASA NEESPI Data Center (Gregory Leptoukh, NNH05ZDA001N-ACCESS), by the Aerosol Integrated Intercomparison and Validation Project (Charles Ichoku), and by the Long-Term Aerosol Data Records (Christina Hsu, NNH06ZDA001N-MEASURES). NR 12 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2003183 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 392UM UT WOS:000262327700011 ER PT J AU Halem, M Most, N Tilmes, CA Stewart, K Yesha, Y Chapman, D Nguyen, P AF Halem, Milton Most, Neal Tilmes, Curt A. Stewart, Kevin Yesha, Yelena Chapman, David Nguyen, Phuong TI Service-Oriented Atmospheric Radiances (SOAR): Gridding and Analysis Services for Multisensor Aqua IR Radiance Data for Climate Studies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Data conversion; on-demand data processing; service-oriented computing; Web services AB The Aqua spacecraft, launched on May 4, 2002, carries two well-calibrated independent infrared (IR) grating spectrometers Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS), which have been continuously returning upwelling IR spectral radiance measurements for over five years. Based on an Aqua Sr. Project Review, estimates of available flight fuel, power, and orbital projections assess the life span of the Aqua satellite, and these two instruments, to be reliable to 2013. Since launch, these instruments have generated petabytes of data, which are managed and made available by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Earth Science Data and Information Services Center and GSFC MODAPS. Agencies such as NOAA, DOD, EPA, and USGS use the AIRS data mostly for weather-related applications, whereas MODIS data are used, in addition to some climate-related studies, for studies of weather, oceans, and land processes, aerosols, natural and man-made disasters, and earth ecology. The Science Investigator-led Processing Systems (SIPS) teams have made many of the desired products derived from these data sets available either as level 2 products and/or level 3 gridded product fields. However, no gridded level 3 data products of radiances, either averaged for a grid element, max, min, or as brightness temperatures (BTs), are provided directly by the SIPS. Thus, one impediment that the general community faces in accessing these MODIS produced petabytes of data is storing such large data sets, interpreting the multiformatted data, and transforming it into helpful data sets for climate-research needs. The Service-Oriented Atmospheric Radiance (SOAR) system has been designed to bridge these gaps and overcome the challenges of bringing this rich data source to the science community, by delivering applications that process these valuable radiance data into standard spatial-temporal grids as well as user-defined criteria on demand. SOAR can serve this community with aggregated, enriched, and thinned gridded data sets provided with access to the data on demand, with query and subsetting capabilities across many dimensions. In addition, SOAR provides online user-specified visualization and analysis requests, all accessible via a Web browser. The utility of SOAR is exposed via Web-service routines, using the Simple Object Access Protocol. The Web-service library and supporting technologies (Axis, PostgreSQL, and Tomcat) reside on a University of Maryland Baltimore Campus client server, which interfaces to and invokes algorithms on the process server, a high-performance computer cluster and storage system. These servers are connected to the sensor data stores at the GSFC via a high-speed fiber-optic network connection [10 Gb/s], providing reliable and fast on-demand access to a vast online library of AIRS and current monthly MODIS source data. C1 [Halem, Milton; Yesha, Yelena] Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Halem, Milton] Univ Maryland, Coll Engn & Informat Technol, Multicore Computat Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Halem, Milton] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Most, Neal; Stewart, Kevin] Innovim LLC, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM halem@umbc.edu; nmost@innovim.com; curt.tilmes@nasa.gov; kstewart@innovim.com; yeyesha@umbc.edu; dchapm2@umbc.edu; phuong3@umbc.edu OI Tilmes, Curt/0000-0002-6512-0287 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration ACCESS [06GG34A]; University of Maryland Baltimore Campus (UMBC) FX Manuscript received January 31, 2008; revised April 15, 2008, May 22, 2008, and May 27, 2008. Current version published December 17, 2008. This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ACCESS Grant 06GG34A and the University of Maryland Baltimore Campus (UMBC). NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 114 EP 122 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2001854 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 392UM UT WOS:000262327700012 ER PT J AU Duerr, RE Cao, P Crider, J Folk, M Lynnes, C Yang, MQ AF Duerr, Ruth E. Cao, Peter Crider, Jonathan Folk, Mike Lynnes, Christopher Yang, Mu Qun TI Ensuring Long-Term Access to Remotely Sensed Data With Layout Maps SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Archiving; data conversion; data management; data structures; preservation AB The Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) has been a data format standard in National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA)'s Earth Observing System Data and Information System since the 1990s. Its rich structure, platform independence, full-featured application programming interface (API), and internal compression make it very useful for archiving science data and utilizing them with a rich set of software tools. However, a key drawback for long-term archiving is the complex internal byte layout of HDF files, requiring one to use the API to access HDF data. This makes the long-term readability of HDF data for a given version dependent on long-term allocation of resources to support that version. Much of the data from NASA's Earth Observing System have been archived in HDF Version 4 (HDF4) format. To address the long-term archival issues for these data, a collaborative study between The HDF Group and NASA's Earth Science Data Centers (ESDCs) is underway. One of the first activities was an assessment of the range of HDF4-formatted data held by NASA to determine the capabilities inherent in the HDF format that were used in practice and for use in estimating the effort for full implementation across NASA's ESDCs. Based on the results of this assessment, methods for producing a map of the layout of the HDF4 files held by NASA were prototyped using a markup-language-based HDF tool. The resulting maps allow a separate program to read the file without recourse to the HDF API. To verify this, two independent tools based solely on the map files were developed and tested. C1 [Duerr, Ruth E.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cao, Peter; Folk, Mike; Yang, Mu Qun] HDF Grp, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Crider, Jonathan] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lynnes, Christopher] NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Duerr, RE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rduerr@nsidc.org; xcao@hdfgroup.org; jonathan.crider@nsidc.org; mfolk@hdfgroup.org; Chris.Lynnes@nasa.gov; ymuqun@hdfgroup.org RI Lynnes, Christopher/B-4506-2010; OI Lynnes, Christopher/0000-0001-6744-3349; Duerr, Ruth/0000-0003-4808-4736 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NAS5-03099] FX Manuscript received March 12, 2008: revised June 13, 2008. First published November 17, 2008; current version published December 17, 2008. This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under DAAC Contract NAS5-03099. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2004626 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 392UM UT WOS:000262327700013 ER PT J AU Ellicott, E Vermote, E Petitcolin, F Hook, SJ AF Ellicott, Evan Vermote, Eric Petitcolin, Francois Hook, Simon J. TI Validation of a New Parametric Model for Atmospheric Correction of Thermal Infrared Data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Parametric modeling; remote sensing; temperature ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; IN-FLIGHT VALIDATION; LAKE TAHOE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; RETRIEVAL; MODIS; SITE; CALIBRATION; CHANNELS; REGION AB Surface temperature is a key component for understanding energy fluxes between the Earth's surface and atmosphere. Accurate retrieval of surface temperature from satellite observations requires proper correction of the thermal channels for atmospheric emission and attenuation. Although the split-window method has offered relatively accurate measurements, this empirical approach requires in situ data and will only perform well if the in situ data are from the same surface type and similar climatology. Single channel correction reduces uncertainty inherent to the split-window method, but requires an accurate radiative transfer model and description of the atmospheric profile. Unfortunately, this method is impractical for operational correction of satellite retrievals due to the size of data sets and computation time required by radiative transfer modeling. We present a thermal parametric model based upon the MODTRAN radiative transfer code and tuned to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) channels. Comparison with MODTRAN showed a good performance for the parametric model and computation speeds approximately three orders of magnitude faster. Sea surface temperature (SST) calculated using atmospheric correction parameters generated from our model showed consistent results (rmse = 0.49 K) and small bias (-0.45 K) with the MODIS SST product (MYD28). Validation of surface temperatures derived using our model with in situ land and water temperature measurements exhibited accuracy (mean bias < 0.35 K) and low error (rmse < 1 K) for MODIS bands 31 and 32. Finally, an investigation of profile sources and their effect on atmospheric correction offered insight into the application of the parametric model for operational correction of MODIS thermal hands. C1 [Ellicott, Evan; Vermote, Eric] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Petitcolin, Francois] Analyt & Computat Res Inc Earth Sci, F-06904 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Hook, Simon J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ellicott, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ellicott@umd.edu; eric@kratmos.gsfc.nasa.gov; pic@acri-st.fr; simon.j.hook@jpl.nasa.gov RI Vermote, Eric/K-3733-2012 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The research described in this paper was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade names, trademark, and manufacturer or otherwise does not imply endorsement by the United States or the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 295 EP 311 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2006182 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 392US UT WOS:000262328300009 ER PT J AU Coll, C Hook, SJ Galve, JM AF Coll, Cesar Hook, Simon J. Galve, Joan M. TI Land Surface Temperature From the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer: Validation Over Inland Waters and Vegetated Surfaces SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR); land surface temperatures (LSTs); split window; validation ID THERMAL BAND CALIBRATION; SPLIT-WINDOW ALGORITHM; IN-FLIGHT VALIDATION; LAKE TAHOE; PRISM INSTRUMENT; INFRARED DATA; EMISSIVITY; CLASSIFICATION; SEPARATION; SELECTION AB The land surface temperature (LST) product of the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) was validated with ground measurements at the following two thermally homogeneous sites: Lake Tahoe, CA/NV, USA, and a large rice field close to Valencia, Spain. The AATSR LST product is based on the split-window technique using the 11- and 12-mu m channels. The algorithm coefficients are provided for 13 different land-cover classes plus one lake class (index i). Coefficients are weighted by the vegetation-cover fraction (f). In the operational implementation of the algorithm, i and f are assigned from a global classification and monthly fractional vegetation-cover maps with spatial resolutions of 0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees. Since the validation sites are smaller than this, they are misclassified in the LST product and treated incorrectly despite the fact that the higher resolution AATSR data easily resolve the sites. Due to this problem, the coefficients for the correct cover types were manually applied to the AATSR standard brightness temperature at sensor product to obtain the LST for the sites assuming they had been correctly classified. The comparison between the ground-measured and the AATSR-derived LSTs showed an excellent agreement for both sites, with nearly zero average biases and standard deviations <= 0.5 degrees C. In order to produce accurate and precise estimates of EST, it is necessary that the land-cover classification is revised and provided at the same resolution as the AATSR data, i.e., 1 km rather than the 0.5 degrees resolution auxiliary data currently used in the LST product. C1 [Coll, Cesar; Galve, Joan M.] Univ Valencia, Fac Phys, Dept Earth Phys & Thermodynam, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. [Hook, Simon J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Coll, C (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Fac Phys, Dept Earth Phys & Thermodynam, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. EM cesar.coll@uv.es; simon.j.hook@jpl.nasa.gov; joan.galve@uv.es RI Galve, Joan/E-4143-2015; Coll, Cesar/I-7373-2015 OI Galve, Joan/0000-0003-1066-7717; Coll, Cesar/0000-0001-6665-3870 FU Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [CGL2004-06099-C03-01, CGL2007-64666/CLI, CGL2006-27067-E, CGL2007-29819-E] FX This work was supported in part by the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia under Project CGL2004-06099-C03-01 and Project CGL2007-64666/CLI (co-financed with FEDER funds under Accion Complementaria CGL2006-27067-E and Accion Complementaria CGL2007-29819-E and with the research grant of J. M. Galve). NR 27 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 350 EP 360 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2002912 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 392US UT WOS:000262328300013 ER PT J AU Srivastava, AN Das, S AF Srivastava, Ashok N. Das, Santanu TI Detection and Prognostics on Low-Dimensional Systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART C-APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Anomaly detection; Gaussian process regression (GPR); k-nearest neighbor; log-likelihood function; Lorenz model; NH3 laser system; prediction; prognosis ID SUBHARMONIC ULTRASOUND; CLOSED CRACKS; MODEL; METHODOLOGY; SERIES; TIME AB This paper describes the application or known and novel prognostic algorithms on systems that can be described by low-dimensional, potentially nonlinear dynamics. The methods rely on estimating the conditional probability distribution of the output of the system at a future time given knowledge of the current state of the system. We show how to estimate these conditional probabilities using a variety of techniques, including bragged neural networks and kernel methods such as Gaussian process regression (GPR). The results are compared with standard method such as the nearest neighbor, algorithm. We demonstrate the algorithms on a real-world dataset and a simulated dataset. The real-world dataset consists of the intensity of an NH3 laser. The laser dataset has been shown by other authors to exhibit low-dimensional chaos with sudden drops in intensity. The simulated dataset is generated from the Lorenz attractor and has known statistical characteristics. On these datasets, we show the evolution of the estimated conditional probability distribution, the way it can act as a prognostic signal, and its use as an early warning system. We also review a novel approach to perform GPR with large numbers of data points. C1 [Srivastava, Ashok N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Srivastava, Ashok N.; Das, Santanu] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Data Understanding Grp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Das, Santanu] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Affiliated Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Srivastava, AN (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ashok.n.srivastava@nasa.gov; sdas@arc.nasa.gov FU NASA Ames Research Center and the NASA Engineering Safety Center [NNA07CN64A] FX Manuscript received November 25, 2007; revised May 31, 2008 and September 1, 2008. Current version published December 22, 2008. This work was supported in part by the Integrated Vehicle Health Management Project, NASA Aviation Safety Program, and by Grant NNA07CN64A to the Arizona State University from the NASA Ames Research Center and the NASA Engineering Safety Center. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor T. Busch. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1094-6977 EI 1558-2442 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY C JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C-Appl. Rev. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 1 BP 44 EP 54 DI 10.1109/TSMCC.2008.2006988 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 392UT UT WOS:000262328400004 ER PT J AU Budalakoti, S Srivastava, AN Otey, ME AF Budalakoti, Suratna Srivastava, Ashok N. Otey, Matthew E. TI Anomaly Detection and Diagnosis Algorithms for Discrete Symbol Sequences with Applications to Airline Safety SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART C-APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Anomaly detection; diagnosis; discrete symbols; fault detection; integrated system health management (ISHM); sequences ID COMMON SUBSEQUENCES; MODELS AB We present a set of novel algorithms which we call sequenceMiner that detect and characterize anomalies in large sets of high-dimensional symbol sequences that arise from recordings of switch sensors in the cockpits of commercial airliners. While the algorithms that we present are general and domain-independent, we focus on a specific problem that is critical to determining the system-wide health of a fleet of aircraft. The approach taken uses unsupervised clustering of sequences using the normalized length of the longest common subsequence as a similarity measure, followed by detailed outlier analysis to detect anomalies. In this method, an outlier sequence is defined as a sequence that is far away from the cluster center. We present new algorithms for outlier analysis that provide comprehensible indicators as to why a particular sequence is deemed to be an outlier. The algorithms provide a coherent description to an analyst of the anomalies in the sequence when compared to more normal sequences. In the final section of the paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of sequenceMiner for anomaly detection on a real set of discrete-sequence data from a fleet of commercial airliners. We show that sequenceMiner discovers actionable and operationally significant safety events. We also compare our innovations with standard Hidden Markov Models, and show that our methods are superior. C1 [Budalakoti, Suratna] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Srivastava, Ashok N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Otey, Matthew E.] Crit Technol Inc, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Budalakoti, S (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM suratna@mail.utexas.edu; ashok.n.srivastava@nasa.gov; otey@google.com FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Aviation Safety Program FX Manuscript received February 19, 2007; revised June 16, 2008, December 6, 2007, and August 3, 2007. First published December 2, 2008 current version published December 22, 2008. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Aviation Safety Program, Integrated Vehicle Health Management project. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor J. Keane. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1094-6977 EI 1558-2442 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY C JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C-Appl. Rev. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 1 BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.1109/TSMCC.2008.2007248 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 392UT UT WOS:000262328400009 ER PT S AU Chen, SJ Yang, Y Balakrishnan, SN Nguyen, NT Krishnakumar, K AF Chen, Songjie Yang, Yang Balakrishnan, S. N. Nguyen, Nhan T. Krishnakumar, K. GP IEEE TI SNAC Convergence and Use in Adaptive Autopilot Design SO IJCNN: 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1- 6 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY JUN 14-19, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Int Neural Network Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc ID NEURAL-NETWORKS AB In this paper, approximate dynamic programming (ADP)based design tools are developed for adaptive control of aircraft control under nominal and damaged conditions. Nominal control of the system is computed with a Single Network Adaptive Critic(SNAC) derived through principles of ADP. Convergence of SNAC training is shown by reducing it to solving a set of nonlinear algebraic equations in weights. Unlike many adaptive control approaches, we develop approximate optimal control expressions to handle uncertainties. Uncertainties are calculated with an online neural network with guaranteed convergence. Longitudinal dynamics of an aircraft is used to illustrate the working of the developed algorithms. C1 [Chen, Songjie; Yang, Yang; Balakrishnan, S. N.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Nguyen, Nhan T.; Krishnakumar, K.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Chen, SJ (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM scn6f@mst.edu; yyhw3@mst.edu; bala@mst.edu; Nhan.T.Nguyen@nasa.gov; kalmanje.krishnakumar@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-3549-4 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2009 BP 885 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQB78 UT WOS:000280591600129 ER PT S AU Ishihara, AK Ben-Menahem, S Nguyen, N AF Ishihara, Abraham K. Ben-Menahem, Shahar Nguyen, Nban GP IEEE TI Protection Ellipsoids for Stability Analysis of Feedforward Neural-Net Controllers SO IJCNN: 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1- 6 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY JUN 14-19, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Int Neural Network Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc AB In this paper, we consider a feedforward neural network for the control of a class of multi-input, multi-output nonlinear systems. While feedforward neural networks offer a simple and appealing approach to enhance the trajectory tracking performance of the closed loop system, stability analysis is often more difficult than the conventional implementation of a neural network embedded within the feedback path. We present a stability theorem which guarantees that the closed loop system is uniformly bounded. We derive conditions on the feedback gain matrices that guarantee this bound. Additionally, we outline a generalization to the non-symmetric case. C1 [Ishihara, Abraham K.] Carnegie Mellon Univ Silicon Valley, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, NASA Res Pk, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Ben-Menahem, Shahar] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ben-Menahem, Shahar] Avago Technol, San Jose, CA USA. [Nguyen, Nban] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Ishihara, AK (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ Silicon Valley, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, NASA Res Pk, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM abe.ishihara@west.cmu.edu; sanverim@gmail.com; nhan.t.nguyen@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-3549-4 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2009 BP 3259 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQB78 UT WOS:000280591601219 ER PT J AU Sayyah, R Hunt, M MacLeod, TC Ho, FD AF Sayyah, Rana Hunt, Mitchell MacLeod, Todd C. Ho, Fat D. TI A Mathematical Model of a Common-Drain Amplifier using a Ferroelectric Transistor SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics and Functionalities CY SEP 27-30, 2009 CL Colorado Springs, CO DE FeFET; FFET; ferroelectric transistor; analog amplifier; model AB This paper presents a mathematical model characterizing the behavior of a common-drain amplifier using a FeFET. The model is based on empirical data and incorporates several variables that affect the output, including frequency, load resistance, and gate-to-source voltage. Since the amplifier is the basis of many circuit configurations, a mathematical model that describes the behavior of a FeFET-based amplifier will help in the integration of FeFETs into many other circuits. C1 [Sayyah, Rana; Hunt, Mitchell; Ho, Fat D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [MacLeod, Todd C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Ho, FD (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM ho@ece.uah.edu NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2009 VL 113 BP 49 EP 62 DI 10.1080/10584587.2009.490191 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 618ZS UT WOS:000279396200007 ER PT J AU Miranda, FA Mueller, CH Van Keuls, FW Romanofsky, RR Subramanyam, G AF Miranda, Felix A. Mueller, Carl H. Van Keuls, Frederick W. Romanofsky, Robert R. Subramanyam, Guru TI Tunable Microstrip Filters Using Selectively Etched Ferroelectric Thin-Film Varactors for Coupling SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics and Functionalities CY SEP 27-30, 2009 CL Colorado Springs, CO ID BANDPASS FILTER; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; CONFIGURATION; COMPONENTS; DESIGN AB We report on the use of patterned ferroelectric films to fabricate proof of concept tunable one-pole microstrip filters with excellent transmission and mismatch/reflection properties at frequencies up to 24 GHz. By controlling the electric field distribution within the coupling region between the resonator and input/output lines, sufficiently high loaded and unloaded Q values are maintained so as to be useful for microstrip filter design, with low mismatch loss. In the 23-24 GHz region, the filter was tunable over a 100 MHz range, the loaded and unloaded Q values were 29 and 68, respectively, and the reflection losses were below -16 dB, which demonstrates the suitability of these films for practical microwave applications. C1 [Miranda, Felix A.; Romanofsky, Robert R.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Mueller, Carl H.] Qinetiq N Amer, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Van Keuls, Frederick W.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Subramanyam, Guru] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Miranda, FA (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Felix.A.Miranda@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2009 VL 112 BP 8 EP 23 DI 10.1080/10584587.2009.484662 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 618ZP UT WOS:000279395900003 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Toonen, RC Hirsch, SG Ngo, E Romanofsky, RR Van Keuls, F Hubbard, C Ivill, M Demaree, D AF Cole, M. W. Toonen, R. C. Hirsch, S. G. Ngo, E. Romanofsky, R. R. Van Keuls, Fred Hubbard, C. Ivill, M. Demaree, D. TI Ba0.60Sr0.40TiO3 Thin Films for Microwave Phase Shifter Devices: The Influence of Crystallization Temperature on the Electric Field Dependent Phase Shift Response SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE BST; phase shifter; microwave devices; thin film processing AB We present the correlation between film fabrication conditions (crystallization temperatures), microstructure, and dielectric phase shift of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST) thin films synthesized by metal organic solution deposition (MOSD) on sapphire substrates. The structure, microstructure, surface morphology, and composition of the films were assessed by glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). The dielectric phase shift measurements were carried out using coplanar waveguide (CPW) test circuits over a frequency range of 2-18 GHz. Our results indicate that BST processed at 950 degrees C achieved large relative phase shift response with low attenuation of the microwave signal. C1 [Cole, M. W.; Toonen, R. C.; Hirsch, S. G.; Ngo, E.; Hubbard, C.; Ivill, M.; Demaree, D.] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Romanofsky, R. R.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr Cleveland, Cleveland, OH USA. [Van Keuls, Fred] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mel.cole@us.army.mil NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2009 VL 111 BP 68 EP 79 DI 10.1080/10584581003591023 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 577BD UT WOS:000276194100008 ER PT J AU Sayyah, R Hunt, M MacLeod, TC Ho, FD AF Sayyah, Rana Hunt, Mitchell MacLeod, Todd C. Ho, Fat D. TI An Empirical Study of a FeFET-Based Analog Amplifier SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE FeFET; FFET; ferroelectric transistor; analog amplifier ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR AB The use of ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) to create simple amplifiers is not completely understood and has not been extensively studied. This paper summarizes the results of behavioral characterization of a FeFET-based analog amplifier. The characterization incorporates several variables that affect the amplifier's output, including frequency, load resistance, and gate-to-source voltage. More specifically, the relationship between the frequency of the input signal and each of the peak output voltage, phase shift of the output signal, and voltage gain is examined. Also analyzed is the effect of load resistance on each of these three output parameters. These relationships are noted in actual oscilloscope outputs. C1 [Sayyah, Rana; Hunt, Mitchell; Ho, Fat D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [MacLeod, Todd C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Ho, FD (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM ho@ece.uah.edu NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2009 VL 107 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1080/10584580903324311 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 512FO UT WOS:000271231900004 ER PT J AU Phillips, TA MacLeod, TC Ho, FD AF Phillips, Thomas A. MacLeod, Todd C. Ho, Fat D. TI FERROELECTRIC FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT ANALYSIS SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE FeFET; FFET; Ferroelectric Transistor; Differential Amplifier AB This paper investigates the use of FeFETs in a common analog circuit, the differential amplifier. The two input Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) transistors in a general MOS differential amplifier circuit are replaced with FeFETs. Resistors are used in place of the other three MOS transistors. Because of the FeFET hysteresis, the FeFET differential amplifier has several different operating modes depending on the FeFETs' prepolarization. Experimental results of the FeFET differential amplifier operation were obtained. Comparisons were made between the FeFET differential amplifier and the standard MOS differential amplifier. The experimental results are discussed. C1 [Phillips, Thomas A.; MacLeod, Todd C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Ho, Fat D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Phillips, TA (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM thomas.a.phillips@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2009 VL 105 BP 107 EP 117 AR PII 914078515 DI 10.1080/10584580903139909 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 485SN UT WOS:000269144400012 ER PT S AU Canuto, VM AF Canuto, V. M. BE Hillebrandt, W Kupka, F TI Turbulence in Astrophysical and Geophysical Flows SO INTERDISCIPLINARY ASPECTS OF TURBULENCE SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Interdisciplinary Aspects of Turbulence CY 2005 CL Ringberg Castle, GERMANY ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; OCEAN DEEP CONVECTION; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TRACER-RELEASE EXPERIMENT; ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; MASSIVE STARS; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; INTERNAL WAVES; STELLAR EVOLUTION; COMPRESSIBLE CONVECTION C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Canuto, VM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM vcanuto@giss.nasa.gov NR 188 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-540-78960-4 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2009 VL 756 BP 107 EP 160 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-78961-1_4 PG 54 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BJA00 UT WOS:000264085200004 ER PT S AU Sundaresan, A Pellis, NR AF Sundaresan, Alamelu Pellis, Neal R. BE Sadhal, SS TI Cellular and Genetic Adaptation in Low-gravity Environments SO INTERDISCIPLINARY TRANSPORT PHENOMENA: FLUID, THERMAL, BIOLOGICAL, MATERIALS, AND SPACE SCIENCES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Interdisciplinary Transport Phenomena - Fluid, Thermal, Biological, Materials and Space Sciences CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Univ SE Calif/Rostislaw Kaichew Inst Phys Chem, Bansko, BULGARIA SP Bulgarian Acad Sci, US Natl Sci Fdn HO Univ SE Calif/Rostislaw Kaichew Inst Phys Chem DE acute coronary syndrome; copy ribonucleic acid; microgravity; microgravity analog culture system; modeled microgravity; RNA; placental growth factor; three-dimensional cell growth; T cell activation; vascular endothelial growth factor ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; PROGNOSTIC VALUE; GROWTH-FACTOR; STRESS AB Genetic response suites in human lymphocytes in response to microgravity are important to identify and study further to augment physiological adaptation to new milieus. Human peripheral blood from normal donors was used to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Blood traverses through most organs and hence is a suitable overall physiological predictor. The cells were cultured in 1g (T flask) and modeled microgravity for 24 and 72 h. Cell samples were collected and subjected to gene array analysis. Data were collected and subjected to a two-way analysis of variance. Different groups of genes related to the immune response, cardiovascular system, and stress response were then analyzed. These three groups focused on human adaptation to new environments. Many molecules related to T cell activation and second messengers, located both in the cell membrane and cytoplasm, were significantly altered (positive or negative regulation) in modeled microgravity. Cardiovascular biomarker expression and stress response gene expression also presented an aberrant response in analog microgravity. Previous findings in our laboratory showed lymphocyte activation and locomotion to be significantly suppressed in microgravity. Further analysis at the protein levels of genes involved in these responses could lead to development of prophylactic and countermeasure steps to augment human physiology for long-term space travel. Detailed results from the genetic analyses are presented in this study, including differential responses in stress response genes, cardiovascular and atherogenic genes, and T cell activation genes. C1 [Sundaresan, Alamelu] Texas So Univ, Dept Biol, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Pellis, Neal R.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Sundaresan, A (reprint author), Texas So Univ, Dept Biol, 3100 Cleburne St, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM suudaresana@tsu.edu FU NASA [NNA06CB14H, NNJ06 HA40G] FX We thank Mildred Young for manuscript preparation. This work was supported by NASA Grants #NNA06CB14H and #NNJ06 HA40G. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-712-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2009 VL 1161 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04085.x PG 12 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biophysics; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJI88 UT WOS:000266236000011 PM 19426312 ER PT J AU Goldstein, ME AF Goldstein, M. E. TI A theoretical basis for identifying the sound sources in a turbulent flow SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROACOUSTICS LA English DT Article AB A space-time filtering approach is used to divide an unbounded turbulent flow into its radiating and non-radiating components. The result is then used to clarify a number of issues including the possibility of identifying the sources of the sound in such flows. It is also used to investigate the efficacy of some of the more recent computational approaches. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Goldstein, ME (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM marvine.goldstein@nasa.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1475-472X J9 INT J AEROACOUST JI Int. J. Aeroacoust. PY 2009 VL 8 IS 4 BP 283 EP 299 DI 10.1260/147547209787548895 PG 17 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 628FE UT WOS:000280099200002 ER PT J AU Humphreys, WM Brooks, TF AF Humphreys, William M., Jr. Brooks, Thomas F. TI Noise spectra and directivity for a scale-model landing gear SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROACOUSTICS LA English DT Article ID SOUND AB An extensive experimental study has been conducted to acquire detailed noise spectra and directivity data for a high-fidelity, 6.3%-scale, Boeing 777 main landing gear. The measurements were conducted in the NASA Langley Quiet Flow Facility using a 41-microphone directional array system positioned at a range of polar and azimuthal observer angles with respect to the model. DAMAS (Deconvolution Approach for the Mapping of Acoustic Sources) array processing as well as straightforward individual microphone processing were employed to compile unique flyover and sideline directivity databases for a range of freestream Mach numbers (0.11 - 0.17) covering typical approach conditions. Comprehensive corrections were applied to the test data to account for shear layer ray path and amplitude variations. This allowed proper beamforming at different measurement orientations, as well as directivity presentation in free-field emission coordinates. Four different configurations of the landing gear were tested: a baseline configuration with and without an attached side door, and a noise reduction concept "toboggan" truck fairing with and without side door. Spectral analyses demonstrated that individual microphones could establish model spectra. This finding permitted the determination of unique, spatially-detailed directivity contours of spectral band levels over a hemispherical surface. Spectral scaling for the baseline model confirmed that the acoustic intensity scaled with the expected sixth-power of the Mach number. A comparison of spectra and directivity between the baseline gear and the gear with an attached toboggan indicated that the toboggan fairing may be of some value in reducing gear noise over particular frequency ranges. Finally, spectrum results were scaled quantitatively to data obtained from flyover tests of a full-scale 777 aircraft. The comparison showed good agreement in frequency and level, suggesting the general applicability of the model-scale noise results. C1 [Humphreys, William M., Jr.; Brooks, Thomas F.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Humphreys, WM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM william.m.humphreys@nasa.gov; thomas.f.brooks@nasa.gov FU NASA; Jacobs Sverdrup Inc. FX The authors wish to thank Ronald Geouge and Jaye Moen of NASA Langley, Dennis Kuchta of Jacobs Sverdrup Inc., and Lawrence Becker and Daniel Stead of Lockheed Martin for their invaluable assistance with data acquisition, data reduction, software development, and general support for this study. The authors also thank Dr. Mehdi Khorrami of NASA Langley for his assistance with the design and fabrication of the toboggan noise treatment and Drs. William Devenport and Patricio Ravetta of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University for their assistance with the selection and installation of the Kevlar fabric in the QFF. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1475-472X J9 INT J AEROACOUST JI Int. J. Aeroacoust. PY 2009 VL 8 IS 5 BP 409 EP 443 DI 10.1260/147547209788549316 PG 35 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 628FG UT WOS:000280099400001 ER PT J AU Burley, CL Brooks, TF Humphreys, WM Rawls, JW AF Burley, Casey L. Brooks, Thomas F. Humphreys, William M., Jr. Rawls, John W., Jr. TI ANOPP landing-gear noise prediction with comparison to model-scale data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROACOUSTICS LA English DT Article AB The NASA Aircraft NOise Prediction Program (ANOPP) offers two empirically based methods to predict landing gear noise: the "Fink" method and the "Guo" method. The "Guo" method is the most recent and was developed almost exclusively using Boeing full-scale landing gear data. The "Fink" method was developed over 25 years ago, using both model and full-scale data. The details of the two methods are compared and contrasted. The Fink method is found to follow Strouhal scaling, and hence predictions are made with the scale model geometry as input. The Guo method was found not to scale for arbitrary sized landing gear and hence the method required full-scale geometry inputs and the resulting predictions required scaling in order to compare with the measured model results. Application of these methods to a model-scale landing gear is investigated by comparing predicted results from each method with measured acoustic data obtained for a high-fidelity, 6.3%-scale, Boeing 777 main landing gear. The measurements were obtained in the NASA Langley Quiet Flow Facility for a range of Mach numbers at a large number of observer angles. Noise spectra and contours as a function of polar and azimuthal angle characterize the directivity of landing gear noise. The measured spectra and contours are compared to predictions made using the Fink method and to scaled predictions from the Guo method. This is the first time an extensive set of landing gear noise directivity data are available to compare and assess predictive capabilities. Both methods predict comparable amplitudes and trends for the flyover locations, but deviate at sideline locations. Neither method fully captures the measured noise directivity. C1 [Burley, Casey L.; Brooks, Thomas F.; Humphreys, William M., Jr.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Rawls, John W., Jr.] Lockheed Martin Space Operat Langley Program Off, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Burley, CL (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Casey.L.Burley@nasa.gov; Thomas.F.Brooks@nasa.gov; William.M.Humphreys@nasa.gov; John.W.Rawls@nasa.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1475-472X J9 INT J AEROACOUST JI Int. J. Aeroacoust. PY 2009 VL 8 IS 5 BP 445 EP 475 DI 10.1260/147547209788549299 PG 31 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 628FG UT WOS:000280099400002 ER PT J AU Singh, M Asthana, R AF Singh, Mrityunjay Asthana, Rajiv TI Joining of ZrB2-Based Ultra-High-Temperature Ceramic Composites to Cu-Clad-Molybdenum for Advanced Aerospace Applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TO-METAL JOINTS; STRAIN-ENERGY RELEASE; LIQUID-METALS; INTERLAYERS; TITANIUM; BRAZES AB Three hot-pressed ZrB2-based ultra-high-temperature ceramic composites (UHTCC), ZrB2-SiCp (ZS), ZrB2-SiCp-C (ZSC), and ZrB2-SCS9A (SiC fiber)-SiCp (ZSS), were joined to Cu-clad-Mo using AgCuTi brazes (T-L similar to 1073-1173K) and Pd-base brazes (T-L similar to 1493-1513K). More extensive chemical interactions occurred in Pd-base joints than in AgCuTi-base joints. The Pd-braze region displayed higher hardness in joints made using ZS than ZSS and ZSC. Residual stress calculations point toward negative strain energy up to similar to 23% clad layer thickness because alpha(Cu-clad-Mo)alpha(ZS), strain energy is positive, and it increases with increasing thickness. Projected reductions in the thermal resistance highlight the benefits of joining the UHTCC to Cu-clad-Mo. C1 [Singh, Mrityunjay] NASA, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Asthana, Rajiv] Univ Wisconsin Stout, Dept Engn & Technol, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. RP Singh, M (reprint author), NASA, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 106-5, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM mrityunjay.singh-1@nasa.gov FU NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH FX This work was supported by NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 BP 113 EP 133 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2008.02291.x PG 21 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 416QM UT WOS:000264020600001 ER PT J AU Bryant, DE Greenfield, D Walshaw, RD Evans, SM Nimmo, AE Smith, CL Wang, LM Pasek, MA Kee, TP AF Bryant, David E. Greenfield, David Walshaw, Richard D. Evans, Suzanne M. Nimmo, Alexander E. Smith, Caroline L. Wang, Liming Pasek, Matthew A. Kee, Terence P. TI Electrochemical studies of iron meteorites: phosphorus redox chemistry on the early Earth SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference of the Astrobiology-Society-of-Britain CY JUL 01-04, 2008 CL Univ Glamorgan, Glamorgan, WALES SP Astrobiol Soc Britain HO Univ Glamorgan DE anoxic corrosion; iron meteorites; phosphorus; scanning Kelvin; schreibersite ID SULFONIC-ACIDS; LIFE; CORROSION; ENERGIES; OCEANS; PHOSPHORYLATION; REDUCTION; MOLECULES; PHOSPHATE; ORIGINS AB The mineral schreibersite, (Fe,Ni)(3)P, a ubiquitous component of iron meteorites. is known to undergo anoxic hydrolytic modification to afford a range Of phosphorus oxyacids. H-phosphonic acid (H(3)PO(3)) is the principal hydrolytic product under hydrothermal conditions, as confirmed here by (31)P-NMR spectroscopic studies oil shavings of the Seymchan pallasite (Magadan, Russia, 1967), but in the presence of photochemical irradiation I more reduced derivative, H-phosphinic (H(3)PO(2)) acid, dominates. The significance Of Such lower oxidation state oxyacids of phosphorus to prebiotic chemistry upon the early Earth lies with the facts that Such forms Of Phosphorus are considerably more Soluble and chemically reactive than orthophosphate, the commonly found form of phosphorus oil Earth, thus allowing nature a mechanism to circumvent the so-called Phosphate Problem. This paper describes the Galvanic corrosion of Fe(3)P, a hydrolytic modification pathway for schreibersite, leading again to H-phosphinic acid as the key P-containing product. We envisage this pathway to be highly significant within a meteoritic context as iron meteorites are polymetallic composites in which dissimilar metals, with different electrochemical potentials, are connected by all electrically conducting matrix. In the presence of a Suitable electrolyte medium, i.e., salt water, galvanic corrosion call take place. In addition to model electrochemical studies, we also report the first application of the Kelvin technique to map surface potentials of a meteorite sample that allows the electrochemical differentiation of schreibersite inclusions Within an Fe:Ni matrix. Such experiments, coupled with thermodynamic calculations, may allow LIS to better understand the chemical redox behaviour of meteoritic components with early Earth environments. C1 [Bryant, David E.; Evans, Suzanne M.; Nimmo, Alexander E.; Kee, Terence P.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Greenfield, David] Sheffield Hallam Univ, Ctr Corros Technol, Mat & Engn Res Inst, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire, England. [Walshaw, Richard D.] Univ Leeds, Leeds Electron Microscopy & Spect Ctr, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Smith, Caroline L.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Wang, Liming] S China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Pasek, Matthew A.] Univ Arizona, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bryant, DE (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM t.p.kee@leeds.ac.uk RI Pasek, Matthew/A-7071-2008; OI Pasek, Matthew/0000-0003-1280-9555 NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1473-5504 J9 INT J ASTROBIOL JI Int. J. Astrobiol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 8 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1017/S1473550408004345 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 540KR UT WOS:000273330800005 ER PT J AU Prinzel, L Wickens, C AF Prinzel, Lawrence J., III Wickens, Christopher D. TI Preface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SYNTHETIC VISION SYSTEMS; FIELD-OF-VIEW; TEMPORAL JUDGMENTS; SPATIAL AWARENESS; DISPLAY; FLIGHT C1 [Prinzel, Lawrence J., III] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Wickens, Christopher D.] Al Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Wickens, Christopher D.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Prinzel, L (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 152, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Lawrence.J.Prinzel@nasa.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 AR PII 908190741 DI 10.1080/10508410802597382 PG 7 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 399GP UT WOS:000262788700001 ER PT J AU Prinzel, LJ Wickens, CD AF Prinzel, Lawrence J., III Wickens, Christopher D. TI Synthetic Vision Systems, Part II Preface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID FIELD-OF-VIEW; TEMPORAL JUDGMENTS; SPATIAL AWARENESS; DISPLAY; FLIGHT C1 [Prinzel, Lawrence J., III] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Wickens, Christopher D.] Alion Sci & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Wickens, Christopher D.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Prinzel, L (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 152, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Lawrence.J.Prinzel@nasa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 99 EP 104 AR PII 910144778 DI 10.1080/10508410902766069 PG 6 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 427QP UT WOS:000264794100001 ER PT J AU Alexander, AL Prinzel, LJ Wickens, CD Kramer, LJ Arthur, JJ Bailey, RE AF Alexander, Amy L. Prinzel, Lawrence J., III Wickens, Christopher D. Kramer, Lynda J. Arthur, Jarvis J. Bailey, Randall E. TI Evaluating the Effects of Dimensionality in Advanced Avionic Display Concepts for Synthetic Vision Systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NAVIGATION; AIRCRAFT AB Synthetic vision systems provide an in-cockpit view of terrain and other hazards via a computer-generated display representation. Two simulator-based experiments examined several display concepts for synthetic vision and evaluated how such displays modulate pilot performance. Experiment 1 (24 general aviation pilots) compared 3 navigational display (ND) concepts: 2D coplanar, 3D, and dual-perspective. Experiment 2 (12 commercial airline pilots) evaluated baseline blue sky-brown ground or synthetic-vision-enabled primary flight displays (PFDs) and 3 ND concepts: 2D coplanar with and without synthetic vision and a dynamic multimode rotatable exocentric format. In general, the results pointed to an overall advantage for a dual-perspective format, whether it be stand-alone (Experiment 1) or available via rotatable viewpoints (Experiment 2). Furthermore, Experiment 2 revealed benefits associated with utilizing synthetic vision in both the PFD and ND representations and the value of combined ego- and exocentric presentations. C1 [Alexander, Amy L.] Aptima Inc, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. [Prinzel, Lawrence J., III; Kramer, Lynda J.; Arthur, Jarvis J.; Bailey, Randall E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Wickens, Christopher D.] Alion Sci & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Alexander, AL (reprint author), Aptima Inc, 12 Gill St,Suite 1400, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. EM aalexander@aptima.com NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 105 EP 130 AR PII 910138338 DI 10.1080/10508410902766192 PG 26 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 427QP UT WOS:000264794100002 ER PT J AU Kramer, LJ Bailey, RE Prinzel, LJ AF Kramer, Lynda J. Bailey, Randall E. Prinzel, Lawrence J., III TI Commercial Flight Crew Decision Making During Low-Visibility Approach Operations Using Fused Synthetic and Enhanced Vision Systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAD-UP DISPLAYS; TECHNOLOGY; AVIATION; ISSUES AB The use of an enhanced vision (EV) system in civil aircraft is projected to increase rapidly as the Federal Aviation Administration recently changed the aircraft operating rules under Part 91, revising the flight visibility requirements for conducting operations to civil airports. Operators conducting straight-in instrument approach procedures may now operate below the published approach minimums when using an approval EV system that shows the required visual references on the pilot's Head-Up Display (HUD). An experiment was conducted to evaluate the complementary use of synthetic vision (SV) and EV technologies, focusing on new techniques for integration and/or fusion of synthetic and enhanced vision technologies under the newly adopted FAA rules. The current paper describes a fixed-based simulation experiment that evaluated several display concepts located on the pilot-flying HUD and pilot-not-flying auxiliary display. Results specific to flight crew response, during non-normal events and below minimum visibility, using the fused synthetic/enhanced vision system are discussed here. The results demonstrated that the integrated SV/EV display did not adversely impact detection of lateral navigational solution errors on runway incursions. Additionally, flight crews were able to effectively use existing EV system procedures in their decision-making but found the visual transition from an excellent EV image to natural vision by 100 ft height above touchdown to be awkward. Finally, the addition of scene-linked symbology significantly enhanced flight crew go-around decision-making and reduced the number of illegal landings during approaches in which the required visual references to continue the landing were unavailable. C1 [Kramer, Lynda J.; Bailey, Randall E.; Prinzel, Lawrence J., III] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Kramer, LJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 152, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM lynda.j.kramer@nasa.gov NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 131 EP 157 AR PII 910143645 DI 10.1080/10508410902766440 PG 27 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 427QP UT WOS:000264794100003 ER PT J AU Arthur, JJ Prinzel, LJ Shelton, KJ Kramer, LJ Williams, SP Bailey, RE Norman, RM AF Arthur, Jarvis (Trey) J., III Prinzel, Lawrence J., III Shelton, Kevin J. Kramer, Lynda J. Williams, Steven P. Bailey, Randall E. Norman, Robert M. TI Synthetic Vision Enhanced Surface Operations With Head-Worn Display for Commercial Aircraft SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRPORT SURFACE; PERFORMANCE; MOVEMENTS AB Efficiency and safety of airport surface operations can be enhanced by using synthetic vision and associated technologies, employed on a head-up display (HUD) combined with a head-down display electronic moving map. Past research has noted that 2 major limitations of HUDs during ground operations were its monochrome form and its limited, fixed field of regard. These limitations can be overcome with the use of a head-worn display (HWD). This article describes the results of a simulation experiment that showed that a fully integrated HWD concept provided significantly improved path performance compared to using paper charts alone. When comparing the HWD and HUD concepts, there were no differences found for path performance or subjective ratings of workload and marginally significant differences found for reported situation awareness and pilot comments of perceived system safety. Implications and directions for future research are described. C1 [Arthur, Jarvis (Trey) J., III; Prinzel, Lawrence J., III; Shelton, Kevin J.; Kramer, Lynda J.; Williams, Steven P.; Bailey, Randall E.; Norman, Robert M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Arthur, JJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 152, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Trey.arthur@nasa.gov NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 158 EP 181 AR PII 910154002 DI 10.1080/10508410902766507 PG 24 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 427QP UT WOS:000264794100004 ER PT J AU Burian, BK Feldman, J AF Burian, Barbara K. Feldman, Jolene TI Certified Flight Instructor Weather Training: Perspectives and Practices SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DECISION-MAKING; ADVERSE WEATHER; PILOTS AB Although weather-related accidents in general aviation continue to claim many lives every year, what pilots are taught about weather during their earliest training is largely unknown. Certified flight instructors were surveyed regarding the weather training they provide to primary student pilots. Participants typically report spending 10 to 12 hr on weather instruction with their primary students. Instrument instructors (CFIIs) report placing significantly greater emphasis on 17 of 34 weather topics when instructing primary student pilots than instructors who are only rated to instruct primary student pilots (CFIs). Similarly, participants who instruct under FAR Part 141 or in academic settings state that they place significantly more emphasis on almost all of the weather topics than those participants who only instruct under FAR Part 61. Generally, all participants report that their own mastery of weather content is significantly better than the quality of the instruction they provide on that content to primary student pilots. Implications of these findings are discussed. C1 [Burian, Barbara K.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Feldman, Jolene] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Burian, BK (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Barbara.K.Burian@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 217 EP 234 DI 10.1080/10508410902983870 PG 18 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 503EH UT WOS:000270515200002 ER PT J AU Rumsey, CL Swanson, RC AF Rumsey, C. L. Swanson, R. C. TI Turbulence modelling for active flow control applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE turbulence modelling; flow control; unsteady flow; synthetic jet; separated flow; circulation control ID REYNOLDS-STRESS MODEL; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; BACKWARD-FACING STEP; CROSS-FLOW; SYNTHETIC JET; COMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; ONE-EQUATION AB Steady and unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computations are commonly performed for active flow control applications. This article reviews several recent results, and describes both numerics and physics-related issues. Specific turbulence modelling needs are pointed out that must be addressed in order for RANS to remain competitive with eddy-resolving simulations for flow control applications in the future. C1 [Rumsey, C. L.; Swanson, R. C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Rumsey, CL (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 128, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM c.l.rumsey@nasa.gov NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PY 2009 VL 23 IS 4 BP 317 EP 326 AR PII 911162408 DI 10.1080/10618560902776794 PG 10 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 445XF UT WOS:000266084100004 ER PT J AU Kukreja, SL AF Kukreja, Sunil L. TI Application of a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator to aeroelastic flight test data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article DE aeroelasticity; non-linear system identification; parametric models; mathematical modelling; model selection; NARMAX; LASSO ID NONLINEAR TIME-SERIES; OUTPUT PARAMETRIC MODELS; NON-LINEAR SYSTEMS; NONPARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION; EMBEDDING DIMENSION; ORDER DETERMINATION; STOCHASTIC-SYSTEMS; SQUARES ALGORITHM; BOOTSTRAP METHOD; NARMAX MODELS AB Identification of non-linear systems involves estimating unknown parameters and model (regressor) selection, selection of a subset of candidate terms that best describes the observed output. Model selection is an important step in black-box modelling of any observed process. This procedure is concerned with selecting a subset of parameters to give a parsimonious description of the system which may afford greater insight into the functionality of the system or a simpler controller design. In this study, a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) technique is investigated for computing efficient model descriptions of non-linear aeroelastic systems. The LASSO minimises the residual sum of squares by the addition of an 1 penalty term on the parameter vector of the traditional 2 minimisation problem. Its use for model selection is a natural extension of this constrained minimisation approach to pseudolinear regression problems which produces some model parameters that are exactly zero and, therefore, yields a parsimonious system description. Applicability of this technique for model structure computation for the F/A-18 Active Aeroelastic Wing using flight test data is shown for several flight conditions (Mach numbers) by identifying a parsimonious system description with a high percent fit for cross-validated data. C1 NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Kukreja, SL (reprint author), NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, MailStop TRL 47, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. EM sunil.l.kukreja@nasa.gov NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7179 J9 INT J CONTROL JI Int. J. Control PY 2009 VL 82 IS 12 BP 2284 EP 2292 AR PII 913707281 DI 10.1080/00207170903032847 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 515YE UT WOS:000271508000011 ER PT J AU Di, LP Moe, KL Yu, GN AF Di, Liping Moe, Karen L. Yu, Genong (Eugene) TI Metadata requirements analysis for the emerging Sensor Web SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH LA English DT Article DE Sensor Web; geospatial standards; metadata; interoperation; semantic web AB The Sensor Web has emerged from Earth Science research with the development of Web technology, to achieve process automation, sensor interoperation, and service synergy. These promises require the discovery of the right sensor at the right time and the right location with the right quality. Metadata, for sensor, platform, and data, are crucial for achieving such goals. However, analysis and practical use of these metadata reveals that the metadata and their associations are not applicable or suitable for the Sensor Web. The shortfalls are (1) the nonstandard metadata expression language; (2) the missing link between sensor and domain knowledge; (3) the insufficiency in the information for geographic locating and sensor tasking; and (4) the enhanced requirements on the quality, security, and ownership of both sensors and their sensed data. This paper reviews the current standards that have metadata components for the sensor and its platform, especially those from ISO TC211, Open Geospatial Consortium Inc., and The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Global Change Master Directory. A recommendation on metadata that meets the requirement of cross-mission sensor discovery in a pervasive Web environment is derived from them. The recommendation addresses issues on language formalization, sensor geolocation, semantics, quality, and accessibility. Roles of the emerging semantic Web technology for enabling robust discovery of sensor are discussed. C1 [Di, Liping; Yu, Genong (Eugene)] George Mason Univ, CSISS, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Moe, Karen L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Syst Technol Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Di, LP (reprint author), George Mason Univ, CSISS, 6301 Ivy Ln,Suite 620, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM ldi@gmu.edu FU NASA AIST program [NNX06AG04G] FX The study is supported in part by the NASA AIST program (Grant # NNX06AG04G, PI: Dr. Liping Di). NR 35 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1753-8947 J9 INT J DIGIT EARTH JI Int. J. Digit. Earth PY 2009 VL 2 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1080/17538940902866195 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 497WK UT WOS:000270094500002 ER PT J AU Huang, CQ Goward, SN Masek, JG Gao, F Vermote, EF Thomas, N Schleeweis, K Kennedy, RE Zhu, ZL Eidenshink, JC Townshend, JRG AF Huang, Chengquan Goward, Samuel N. Masek, Jeffrey G. Gao, Feng Vermote, Eric F. Thomas, Nancy Schleeweis, Karen Kennedy, Robert E. Zhu, Zhiliang Eidenshink, Jeffery C. Townshend, John R. G. TI Development of time series stacks of Landsat images for reconstructing forest disturbance history SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH LA English DT Article DE Landsat time series stack; imagery-ready-to-use; LEDAPS; forest change ID COVER CHANGES; AVHRR DATA; DATA SET; MODIS; CARBON; DEFORESTATION; RECORD; WATER; REFLECTANCE; VARIABILITY AB Forest dynamics is highly relevant to a broad range of earth science studies, many of which have geographic coverage ranging from regional to global scales. While the temporally dense Landsat acquisitions available in many regions provide a unique opportunity for understanding forest disturbance history dating back to 1972, large quantities of Landsat images will need to be analysed for studies at regional to global scales. This will not only require effective change detection algorithms, but also highly automated, high level preprocessing capabilities to produce images with subpixel geolocation accuracies and best achievable radiometric consistency, a status called imagery-ready-to-use (IRU). This paper describes a streamlined approach for producing IRU quality Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). This approach consists of an image selection protocol, high level preprocessing algorithms and IRU quality verification procedures. The high level preprocessing algorithms include updated radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction for calculating surface reflectance and precision registration and orthorectification routines for improving geolocation accuracy. These automated routines have been implemented in the Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive System (LEDAPS) designed for processing large quantities of Landsat images. Some characteristics of the LTSS developed using this approach are discussed. C1 [Huang, Chengquan; Goward, Samuel N.; Vermote, Eric F.; Thomas, Nancy; Schleeweis, Karen; Townshend, John R. G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Masek, Jeffrey G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gao, Feng] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Kennedy, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Eidenshink, Jeffery C.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Huang, CQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cqhuang@umd.edu RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Vermote, Eric/K-3733-2012; OI Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798 NR 62 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1753-8947 J9 INT J DIGIT EARTH JI Int. J. Digit. Earth PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 195 EP 218 DI 10.1080/17538940902801614 PG 24 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 497VE UT WOS:000270090300001 ER PT J AU Omar, AA Scardelletti, MC Dib, N Shubair, R AF Omar, Amjad A. Scardelletti, Maximilian C. Dib, Nihad Shubair, Raed TI Cylindrical CPW-fed and CPS-fed slot antennas SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE antennas; CAD; electromagnetic analysis; microwave; frequency analysis ID WAVE; DESIGN AB Cylindrical antennas are needed in applications which require mounting on curved surfaces. This article presents two new designs of antennas printed on cylindrical substrates. The first antenna is a dual frequency coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed double folded slot antenna operating at 5 and 7GHz. This antenna is matched to the feed line without external matching circuitry and exhibits a gain of about 3.2dBi. It has a bidirectional pattern in the E-plane and a more omnidirectional pattern in the H-plane. The second antenna is a coplanar strips (CPS)-fed folded slot antenna operating at 7GHz. Its gain is about 2.56dBi. The experimental and numerical results are provided for the return loss and radiation patterns with good agreement. C1 [Omar, Amjad A.] Yarmouk Univ, Dept Commun Engn, Hijjawi Fac Engn Technol, Irbid, Jordan. [Scardelletti, Maximilian C.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Dib, Nihad] Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Irbid, Jordan. [Shubair, Raed] Khalifa Univ Sci Technol & Res, Dept Commun Engn, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. RP Omar, AA (reprint author), Yarmouk Univ, Dept Commun Engn, Hijjawi Fac Engn Technol, Irbid, Jordan. EM aomar@yu.edu.jo RI Dib, Nihad/M-4918-2015; OI Omar, Amjad/0000-0001-7953-3552; Dib, Nihad/0000-0002-2263-5512 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7217 J9 INT J ELECTRON JI Int. J. Electron. PY 2009 VL 96 IS 4 BP 397 EP 407 AR PII 908767135 DI 10.1080/00207210802654455 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 421CF UT WOS:000264334800006 ER PT J AU Yang, C Raskin, R AF Yang, C. Raskin, R. TI Introduction to distributed geographic information processing research SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE DGIP; Cyberinfrastructure; Geographic information and knowledge; Interoperability; SOA; High-performance computing; Spatial web portal; Geobrowser; Grid computing; Spatial ontology AB Distributed geographic information processing (DGIP) refers to the processing of geographic information across dispersed processing units through computer networks and other communication channels. DGIP has become increasingly important in the past decade with the popularization of computer networks, the growth of distributed data repositories, and the collaboration of researchers, developers, and users among multiple disciplines using geographic information. DGIP focuses on the technical research on how to allocate and process geographic information resources in a distributed environment to achieve a specific application objective (such as the implementation of virtual globes). The geographic information resources may include sensors, geographic data, models, information, knowledge, visualization tools, computers, computer networks, software components, architecture, security strategies, applications, and human resources. This introduction to DGIP research defines six research areas: (a) DGIP architecture, including service-oriented architecture (SOA) and Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA), (b) spatial computing issues for leveraging and allocating computing power to process geographic information, (c) geographic information-processing models for decoupling and integrating models for specific or cross application domains, (d) interoperability, defining the standards and interfaces for sharing processing units, (e) intelligence in DGIP for leveraging knowledge, and (f) applied sciences. The papers selected for this special issue cover all six areas. DGIP will become increasingly important with the globalization of our daily lives across planet Earth and the need to leverage distributed geographic information resources for problem solving and decision making in the global environment. C1 [Yang, C.] George Mason Univ, Joint Ctr Intelligent Spatial Comp, Dept Geog & GeoInformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Raskin, R.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Joint Ctr Intelligent Spatial Comp, Dept Geog & GeoInformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM cyang3@gmu.edu RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Yang, Chaowei/A-9881-2017; OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Yang, Chaowei/0000-0001-7768-4066 NR 25 TC 37 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1365-8816 J9 INT J GEOGR INF SCI JI Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. PY 2009 VL 23 IS 5 BP 553 EP 560 AR PII 913405230 DI 10.1080/13658810902733682 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography; Geography, Physical; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Geography; Physical Geography; Information Science & Library Science GA 475VY UT WOS:000268392600001 ER PT J AU Soloveichik, GL Gao, Y Rijssenbeek, J Andrus, M Kniajanski, S Bowman, RC Hwan, SJ Zhao, JC AF Soloveichik, Grigorii L. Gao, Yan Rijssenbeek, Job Andrus, Matthew Kniajanski, Sergei Bowman, Robert C., Jr. Hwan, Son-Jong Zhao, Ji-Cheng TI Magnesium borohydride as a hydrogen storage material: Properties and dehydrogenation pathway of unsolvated Mg(BH4)(2) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen storage; Magnesium borohydride Mg(BH4)(2); Dehydrogenation; MgB12H12 intermediate; in situ XRD; B-11 NMR ID SOLID-STATE NMR; WELL-CRYSTALLIZED MG(BH4)(2); METAL BOROHYDRIDES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; HYDRIDE; DIFFRACTION; SPECTROSCOPY; DESORPTION; BORANES; SODIUM AB The decomposition of crystalline magnesium borohydride upon heating was studied using thermal desorption, calorimetry, in situ X-ray diffraction, and solid state NMR. Hydrogen release from Mg(BH4)(2) occurs in at least four steps via formation of several polyborane intermediate species and includes an exothermic reaction yielding crystalline MgH2 as an intermediate. The decomposition products may be only partially recharged after the very first step and also via hydrogenation of Mg metal. The intermediate formation of amorphous MgB12H12, was confirmed by B-11 NMR. A four-stage pathway for the thermal decomposition of Mg(BH4)(2) is proposed. (C) 2008 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Soloveichik, Grigorii L.; Gao, Yan; Rijssenbeek, Job; Andrus, Matthew; Kniajanski, Sergei; Zhao, Ji-Cheng] GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Bowman, Robert C., Jr.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hwan, Son-Jong] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Soloveichik, GL (reprint author), GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM Soloveichik@crd.ge.com RI Zhao, Ji-Cheng (JC)/H-4387-2012 OI Zhao, Ji-Cheng (JC)/0000-0002-4426-1080 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; DOE, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [FC3605GO15062]; California Institute of Technology; DOE through Award [DE-AI-01OSEE11105]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [9724240]; MRSEC Program of the NSF [DMR-0520S65] FX The authors acknowledge valuable technical assistance from Tom Raber and Maria LaTorre at GE Global Research and Dr. Jonathan Hanson at Brookhaven National Laboratory. SJH and RCB thank Dr. S. S. Jalisatgis of U. Missouri Columbia for providing the K2B12H12 and K2B12H10 reference materials.; Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Part of the work was supported by DOE, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, under Contract No. DE-FC3605GO15062 as part of the DOE Metal Hydride Center of Excellence. This research was partially performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology under contract with the NASA. This work was partially supported by DOE through Award Number DE-AI-01OSEE11105. The NMR facility at Caltech was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant Number 9724240 and partially supported by the MRSEC Program of the NSF under Award Number DMR-0520S65. NR 45 TC 131 Z9 133 U1 9 U2 80 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JAN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 2 BP 916 EP 928 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.11.016 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 407TD UT WOS:000263386300036 ER PT J AU Naik, D Sankaran, S Mobasher, B Rajan, SD Pereira, JM AF Naik, D. Sankaran, S. Mobasher, B. Rajan, S. D. Pereira, J. M. TI Development of reliable modeling methodologies for fan blade out containment analysis - Part I: Experimental studies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Fabric material tests; Kevlar; Zylon; Engine fan blade out containment; Ballistic testing ID FABRICS AB High strength woven fabrics are ideal candidate materials for use in structural systems where high energy absorption is required. One of the more widely used applications for woven fabrics is in propulsion engine containment systems. In this first part of a two-part paper, details of the experiments to characterize the behavior of dry fabrics including Kevlar (R) and Zylon (R) are presented. The experimental program to characterize the behavior of 1420 Denier Kevlar (R) 49 17 x 17, 500 Denier Zylon (R) AS 35 x 35, and 1500 Denier Zylon (R) 17 x 17 are discussed. The primary objective is to use the experimental results in the development of a constitutive model that can be used in an explicit finite element analysis program. These include Tension Tests in both the warp and fill directions of the fabric, Trellising Shear Tests and Friction Tests between fabric layers. The results from these tests provide the basis for development of the constitutive model - relating stresses to strains, characterizing failure and interaction between fabric layers. In addition to these basic material tests, tests on systems built with fabric wraps were also conducted. Ballistic tests of containment wraps subjected to a high velocity projectile were carried out at NASA-Glenn Research Center. While these tests provide a comparison between the energy absorbing characteristics of the three fabrics, they also provide benchmark results to validate the developed finite element methodology discussed in the second part of this paper. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Naik, D.; Sankaran, S.; Mobasher, B.; Rajan, S. D.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Pereira, J. M.] NASA, GRC, Struct & Dynam Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Rajan, SD (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, ECG 252, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM s.rajan@asu.edu RI mobasher, barzin/E-9298-2015; OI mobasher, barzin/0000-0002-7580-2855 FU Federal Aviation Administration [01-C-AW-ASU] FX Research sponsored by Federal Aviation Administration under Grant No: 01-C-AW-ASU. NR 10 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.03.007 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 391AJ UT WOS:000262204500001 ER PT J AU Kopardekar, P Schwartz, A Magyarits, S Rhodes, J AF Kopardekar, Parimal Schwartz, Albert Magyarits, Sherri Rhodes, Jessica TI Airspace Complexity Measurement An Air Traffic Control Simulation Analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING-THEORY APPLICATIONS AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Airspace Complexity; Complexity; Dynamic Airspace Configuration; Dynamic Density; Metrics; Monitor Alert Parameter; Air Traffic Control AB This paper describes the results of a dynamic density (DD) human in the loop simulation as well as the DD model development activity designed to examine complexity measures DD measures presented at the US/Europe ATM 2003 Seminar were used in the analysis This study differed from the previous in three main aspects First the simulation included Reduced Vertical Separation Minima procedures Second the study focused on the Cleveland Air Route Traffic Control Center s airspace where previous study results showed the weakest correlation Third the traffic was actively controlled during the simulation whereas in the previous study audio/video replays were shown The results indicated that the DD metric performed better than the aircraft count which is a current complexity measure The new DD model performed better than the previous model for Cleveland Center Significance This research identifies airspace complexity factors which are critical to concepts such as airspace design and dynamic airspace configurations and controller workload balancing C1 [Kopardekar, Parimal] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schwartz, Albert; Magyarits, Sherri; Rhodes, Jessica] FAA, William J Hughes Tech Ctr, Atlantic City, NJ 08405 USA. RP Kopardekar, P (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop AFC 210 10, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CINCINNATI INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PI CINCINNATI PA UNIV CINCINNATI, CINCINNATI, OH 45221-0116 USA SN 1943-670X J9 INT J IND ENG-THEORY JI Int. J. Ind. Eng.-Theory Appl. Pract. PY 2009 VL 16 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 658HC UT WOS:000282480100007 ER PT J AU Nimbarte, AD Aghazadeh, F Bagolu, SCR Rajulu, SL AF Nimbarte, Ashish D. Aghazadeh, Fereydoun Bagolu, Sai Chaitanya R. Rajulu, Sudhakar L. TI Understanding the Effect of Speed of Exertion on Isokinetic Strength Using a Multiaxial Dynamometer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE isokinetic strength; fatigue; repetitions ID STATIC MUSCLE ENDURANCE; ISOMETRIC ENDURANCE AB In this study a multiaxial isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure strength during various upper-body isokinetic exertions. Ten male participants performed 7 different upper-body isokinetic exertions. In addition, to evaluate the effect of speed on strength, each participant performed sitting pull exertions at the speed of 0.026, 0.130, and 0.260 m/s. Average isokinetic strength increased from 236.6 +/- 39.1 to 291.8 +/- 65.8 N with the initial increase in speed from 0.026 to 0.130 m/s. The average isokinetic strength decreased to 276.7 +/- 87.2 N with a further increase in speed to 0.260 m/s. The curve between isokinetic strength and speed followed a bell-shaped curve (fitted with the Gaussian Junction, R(2) = .9). The results of this study could be useful in deciding on the work pace of various manual material handling tasks requiring maximal and/or near maximal exertions. C1 [Nimbarte, Ashish D.; Aghazadeh, Fereydoun; Bagolu, Sai Chaitanya R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Construct Management & Ind Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70802 USA. [Rajulu, Sudhakar L.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Aghazadeh, F (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Construct Management & Ind Engn, 3128 Patrick F Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70802 USA. EM aghazadeh@lsu.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTRAL INST LABOUR PROTECTION-NATL RESEARCH INST PI WARSAW PA UL CZERNIAKOWSKA 16, WARSAW, 00-701, POLAND SN 1080-3548 J9 INT J OCCUP SAF ERGO JI Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon. PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 255 EP 263 PG 9 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 494XP UT WOS:000269853300002 PM 19744367 ER PT J AU Nightingale, JM Morisette, JT Wolfe, RE Tan, B Gao, F Ederer, G Collatz, GJ Turner, DP AF Nightingale, J. M. Morisette, J. T. Wolfe, R. E. Tan, B. Gao, F. Ederer, G. Collatz, G. J. Turner, D. P. TI Temporally smoothed and gap-filled MODIS land products for carbon modelling: application of the fPAR product SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL; PHENOLOGY; SATELLITE AB TIMESAT software is used to produce a temporally and spatially Gap-Filled and Smoothed (GFS) version of the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) fPAR (fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation) product (MOD15). We apply this new ePAR product within two commonly used carbon and vegetation productivity models, CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach) and the MODIS GPP (Gross Primary Production) algorithm (MOD17). The GFS product removes noise present within the original MOD15 fPAR dataset, yet is comparable to the linearly interpolated UMT (University of Montana) fPAR used in the MOD17 algorithm. However, the GSF data provides a realistic fPAR time-series in relation to magnitude and seasonality associated with radiation in regions where persistent cloud cover is an issue. It is available for North America and the northern part of South America covering the Amazon basin for the MODIS acquisition period (2000-2005). C1 [Nightingale, J. M.; Morisette, J. T.; Wolfe, R. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Informat Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tan, B.; Gao, F.] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Ederer, G.] SAIC, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. [Collatz, G. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Turner, D. P.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Nightingale, JM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Informat Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM joanne.m.nightingale@nasa.gov RI collatz, george/D-5381-2012; Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012; Tan, Bin/G-1331-2012 OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855; FU NASA's Advancing Collaborative Connections for Earth-Sun System Science (ACCESS) [NNH05ZDA001N] FX This work was supported by NASA's Advancing Collaborative Connections for Earth-Sun System Science (ACCESS) grant NNH05ZDA001N. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1083 EP 1090 DI 10.1080/01431160802398064 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 436JD UT WOS:000265409100016 ER PT J AU Gillespie, TW Saatchi, S Pau, S Bohlman, S Giorgi, AP Lewis, S AF Gillespie, T. W. Saatchi, S. Pau, S. Bohlman, S. Giorgi, A. P. Lewis, S. TI Towards quantifying tropical tree species richness in tropical forests SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID DRY FORESTS; DEFORESTATION; DIVERSITY; BIOMASS; INDEXES AB This letter reports tests of whether the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and radar backscatter (C-, L- and P-bands) from Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) imagery can be used to estimate tree species richness from 251-ha plots within continuous lowland forest types (dry, moist, wet) in the Panama Canal Zone Watershed. Species richness for trees ranged from 49 to 98 species per ha. There was no evidence that density, basal area, above-ground biomass or P-backscatter was correlated with tree species richness. Mean and standard deviations (SDs) of the NDVI could explain 39% and 37% of the variance in tree species richness, respectively (41% when combined), while mean radar backscatter in the shorter wavelength C- and L-bands could explain 44% and 33% of the variance in tree species richness, respectively (50% when combined). C1 [Gillespie, T. W.; Pau, S.; Giorgi, A. P.; Lewis, S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Saatchi, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bohlman, S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Gillespie, TW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM tg@geog.ucla.edu OI Lewis, Simon/0000-0002-8066-6851 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1629 EP 1634 AR PII 910649989 DI 10.1080/01431160802524552 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 436LM UT WOS:000265415600016 ER PT J AU Kharuk, VI Ranson, KJ Im, ST AF Kharuk, V. I. Ranson, K. J. Im, S. T. TI Siberian silkmoth outbreak pattern analysis based on SPOT VEGETATION data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID INSECT DEFOLIATION; MORTALITY AB The spatial pattern of Siberian silkmoth outbreak in south Siberian mountains was analysed based on SPOT VEGETATION data. A digital elevation model (DEM) was also used to relate outbreak area dynamics with topographic elements (elevation, azimuth and slope steepness). To avoid bias of spatial pattern data, areas with a given damage category and with given azimuth, slope steepness and elevation were referenced to the areas with similar parameters within the entire study area. The outbreak began between the elevations of similar to 430-480 m and on south-west slopes with steepness <5 degrees; these conditions appear to be the most favourable pest habitat. As the pest searched for food it moved up and down slope, resulting in an elevation distribution split within a range of similar to 390-540 m and slope steepness up to 15 degrees. In the final phase the azimuth distribution of damaged stands became even, showing that pests at this phase settle in non-optimal habitat. The final outbreak area was similar to 20 000 ha, which is in good agreement with on-ground data. The correlation between the initial phase of infestation and topographic features can be used to prioritize pest monitoring. Data obtained show that the SPOT VEGETATION sensor is applicable for monitoring taiga landscapes vulnerable to Siberian silkmoth outbreaks. C1 [Kharuk, V. I.; Im, S. T.] VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia. [Ranson, K. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kharuk, VI (reprint author), VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia. EM kharuk@ksc.krasn.ru RI Ranson, Kenneth/G-2446-2012; Im, Sergei/J-2736-2016 OI Ranson, Kenneth/0000-0003-3806-7270; Im, Sergei/0000-0002-5794-7938 FU NASA Science Mission Directorate and Russian Fund of Fundamental Investigations [06-05-64939] FX This work funded in part by NASA Science Mission Directorate and Russian Fund of Fundamental Investigations grant no. 06-05-64939. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2377 EP 2388 DI 10.1080/01431160802549419 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 457GV UT WOS:000266917400013 ER PT J AU Dalton, JB Palmer-Moloney, LJ Rogoff, D Hlavka, C Duncan, C AF Dalton, J. B. Palmer-Moloney, L. J. Rogoff, D. Hlavka, C. Duncan, C. TI Remote monitoring of hypersaline environments in San Francisco Bay, CA, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER AVIRIS; USGS TETRACORDER; SPECTROSCOPY; CALIFORNIA; OZONE AB As part of a historic remediation project, approximately 61km2 of salt evaporation ponds in the southern portion of San Francisco Bay, CA (USA) are scheduled for restoration to natural tidal marsh habitat over the next several decades. We have investigated the correlation of remotely sensed infrared spectral information with in situ field measurements and sampling, and evaluated the usefulness of a remote sensing approach to monitor salinity and population distributions of microbial communities in the hypersaline ponds. The Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) instrument operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has created a ten-year archive of spectral information concerning these ponds. We utilized spectral signatures of microbial populations that are sensitive to salinity, and trained a supervised classification algorithm to identify physical parameters from an AVIRIS scene based upon microbe spectra gathered in the field using a portable visible to near-infrared (VNIR) spectrometer. Our results indicate that automated analyses of hyperspectral observations are capable of detecting variations in microbial populations and discriminating corresponding salinity levels. C1 [Dalton, J. B.; Palmer-Moloney, L. J.; Rogoff, D.; Hlavka, C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Dalton, J. B.; Rogoff, D.] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Palmer-Moloney, L. J.] Barton Coll, Wilson, NC 27893 USA. [Duncan, C.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dalton, JB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 183-301,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM dalton@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA Ames Director's Discretionary Fund FX The authors wish to thank Stephanie Langhoff, Jim Brass and colleagues at the NASA Ames Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch for valuable assistance in getting the project started, and Clyde Morris and Marge Kolar of the US Fish & Wildlife Service for helpful discussions, advice and encouragement. Thanks also go to the JPL AVIRIS flight team for assistance in acquiring and calibrating the data set, the Cargill Salt Company for their assistance with the field expeditions, and Linda Robshaw for assistance with the manuscript. The authors would also like to thank Prof. Costas Varotsos and an anonymous reviewer for a number of useful suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. Finally, the authors are indebted to Ted Roush of NASA Ames for use of the ASDField Spectrometer. This work was partially funded through a grant from the NASA Ames Director's Discretionary Fund. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2933 EP 2949 AR PII 912620353 DI 10.1080/01431160802558642 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 461JV UT WOS:000267263000013 ER PT J AU Lunetta, RS Knight, JF Paerl, HW Streicher, JJ Peierls, BL Gallo, T Lyon, JG Mace, TH Buzzelli, CP AF Lunetta, Ross S. Knight, Joseph F. Paerl, Hans W. Streicher, John J. Peierls, Benjamin L. Gallo, Tom Lyon, John G. Mace, Thomas H. Buzzelli, Christopher P. TI Measurement of water colour using AVIRIS imagery to assess the potential for an operational monitoring capability in the Pamlico Sound Estuary, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; NORTH-CAROLINA; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; CHLOROPHYLL-A; COASTAL WATERS; UNITED-STATES; PHYTOPLANKTON; MATTER; MODIS; HPLC AB The monitoring of water colour parameters can provide an important diagnostic tool for the assessment of aquatic ecosystem condition. Remote sensing has long been used to effectively monitor chlorophyll concentrations in open ocean systems; however, operational monitoring in coastal and estuarine areas has been limited because of the inherent complexities of coastal systems, and the coarse spectral and spatial resolutions of available satellite systems. Data were collected using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) flown at an altitude of approximately 20000m to provide hyperspectral imagery and simulate both MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data. AVIRIS data were atmospherically corrected using a radiative transfer modelling approach and analysed using band ratio and linear regression models. Regression analysis was performed with simultaneous field measurements data in the Neuse River Estuary (NRE) and Pamlico Sound on 15 May 2002. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations were optimally estimated using AVIRIS bands (9.5nm) centred at 673.6 and 692.7nm, resulting in a coefficient of determination (R 2) of 0.98. Concentrations of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Fixed Suspended Solids (FSS) were also estimated, resulting in coefficients of determination of R 2=0.90, 0.59 and 0.64, respectively. Ratios of AVIRIS bands centred at or near those corresponding to the MERIS and MODIS sensors indicated that relatively good satellite-based estimates could potentially be derived for water colour constituents at a spatial resolution of 300 and 500m, respectively. C1 [Lunetta, Ross S.; Streicher, John J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Paerl, Hans W.; Peierls, Benjamin L.; Gallo, Tom; Buzzelli, Christopher P.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Lyon, John G.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Mace, Thomas H.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Off Associate Director Operat, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Lunetta, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lunetta.ross@epa.gov FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [82867701]; NASA's Earth Sciences Enterprise, Applications Division FX The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) partially funded and partially conducted the research described in this paper. Although this work was reviewed by the EPA and has been approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of any trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This research was partially conducted under EPA Cooperative Agreement no. 82867701 and was partially supported by NASA's Earth Sciences Enterprise, Applications Division. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 13 BP 3291 EP 3314 AR PII 913254942 DI 10.1080/01431160802552801 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 474IS UT WOS:000268277600001 ER PT J AU Li, ZH Fielding, EJ Cross, P Preusker, R AF Li, Zhenhong Fielding, E. J. Cross, P. Preusker, R. TI Advanced InSAR atmospheric correction: MERIS/MODIS combination and stacked water vapour models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; PRECIPITABLE WATER; LOS-ANGELES; GROUNDWATER; SURFACE; MODIS; DISPLACEMENTS; CALIFORNIA; BASIN; CLOUD AB A major source of error for repeat-pass Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is the phase delay in radio signal propagation through the atmosphere (especially the part due to tropospheric water vapour). Based on experience with the Global Positioning System (GPS)/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) integrated model and the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) correction model, two new advanced InSAR water vapour correction models are demonstrated using both MERIS and MODIS data: (1) the MERIS/MODIS combination correction model (MMCC); and (2) the MERIS/MODIS stacked correction model (MMSC). The applications of both the MMCC and MMSC models to ENVISAT Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) data over the Southern California Integrated GPS Network (SCIGN) region showed a significant reduction in water vapour effects on ASAR interferograms, with the root mean square (RMS) differences between GPS- and InSAR-derived range changes in the line-of-sight (LOS) direction decreasing from 10mm before correction to 5mm after correction, which is similar to the GPS/MODIS integrated and MERIS correction models. It is expected that these two advanced water vapour correction models can expand the application of MERIS and MODIS data for InSAR atmospheric correction. A simple but effective approach has been developed to destripe Terra MODIS images contaminated by radiometric calibration errors. Another two limiting factors on the MMCC and MMSC models have also been investigated in this paper: (1) the impact of the time difference between MODIS and SAR data; and (2) the frequency of cloud-free conditions at the global scale. C1 [Li, Zhenhong; Cross, P.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, COMET, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Preusker, R.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Weltraumwissensch, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. [Fielding, E. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Li, ZH (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, COMET, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. EM zhenhong.li@ges.gla.ac.uk RI NCEO, COMET+`/A-3443-2013; Li, Zhenhong/F-8705-2010; Fielding, Eric/A-1288-2007 OI Li, Zhenhong/0000-0002-8054-7449; Fielding, Eric/0000-0002-6648-8067 NR 38 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 13 BP 3343 EP 3363 AR PII 913280999 DI 10.1080/01431160802562172 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 474IS UT WOS:000268277600004 ER PT J AU Su, LH Huang, YX Chopping, MJ Rango, A Martonchik, JV AF Su, Lihong Huang, Yuxia Chopping, M. J. Rango, A. Martonchik, J. V. TI An empirical study on the utility of BRDF model parameters and topographic parameters for mapping vegetation in a semi-arid region with MISR imagery SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MISR; COMMUNITY TYPE DIFFERENTIATION; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; LAND; CLASSIFICATION; SURFACE; MULTIANGLE; RECOGNITION; RETRIEVAL AB In this study we show that multiangle remote sensing is useful for increasing the accuracy of vegetation community type mapping in desert regions. Using images from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), we compared roles played by Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) model parameters with those played by topographic parameters in improving vegetation community type classifications for the Jornada Experimental Range and the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in New Mexico, USA. The BRDF models used were the Rahman-Pinty-Verstraete (RPV) model and the RossThin-LiSparseReciprocal (RTnLS) model. MISR nadir multispectral reflectance was considered as baseline because nadir observation is the most basic remote sensing observation. The BRDF model parameters and the topographic parameters were considered as additional data. The BRDF model parameters were obtained by inversion of the RPV model and the RTnLS model against the MISR multiangle reflectance data. The results of 32 classification experiments show that the BRDF model parameters are useful for vegetation mapping; they can be used to raise classification accuracies by providing information that is not available in the spectral-nadir domain, or from ancillary topographic parameters. This study suggests that the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and MISR BRDF model parameter data products have great potential to be used as additional information for vegetation mapping. C1 [Su, Lihong] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Huang, Yuxia] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Chopping, M. J.] Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Rango, A.] ARS Jornada Expt Range, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Martonchik, J. V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Su, LH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM sul@email.unc.edu FU NASA [NNG04GK91G]; U. S. National Science Foundation [DEB0080412] FX This research was supported by NASA (EOS grant no. NNG04GK91G to M. J. C., administered through the NASA Land Cover Land Use Change program). The Jornada data sets were provided by the Jornada Basin LTER project. Funding for these data was provided by the U. S. National Science Foundation (Grant DEB0080412). The MISR data were obtained from the NASA Langley Atmospheric Sciences Data Center. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 13 BP 3463 EP 3483 AR PII 913270864 DI 10.1080/01431160802562230 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 474IS UT WOS:000268277600010 ER PT J AU Yu, J Yang, Y Liu, AK Zhao, YH AF Yu, Jun Yang, Yi Liu, Antony K. Zhao, Yunhe TI Analysis of sea ice motion and deformation in the marginal ice zone of the Bering Sea using SAR data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID IMAGERY; RHEOLOGY; TRACKING AB This paper presents a study of sea ice motion and deformation in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) of the Bering Sea in the winter season. Segmentation techniques and statistical methods are applied to high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to derive ice motion and deformation maps. These techniques involve dynamic local thresholding (DLT), which allows separation of sea ice into different classes of thickness and type. Two ice motion characteristics are observed, one consisting of a translation and a rotation at a scale larger than about 10 km day(-1) and the other consisting of field deformations at a spatial scale of less than about 5 km over a 3-day period. Sea ice deformation rates are calculated, and the divergence and shear feature of the sea ice in different regions identified. Possible causes, associated with wind, wave, current and internal ice forces, for the sea ice motion and deformation are discussed. C1 [Yu, Jun; Yang, Yi] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Liu, Antony K.; Zhao, Yunhe] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yu, J (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM Jun.Yu@uvm.edu FU Stimulate Competitive Research FX This work was supported by the Vermont-NASA Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research grant. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 14 BP 3603 EP 3611 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 483WO UT WOS:000269003100003 ER PT J AU Li, Z Adamec, D AF Li, Zhen Adamec, David TI Assessing the potential to derive air-sea freshwater fluxes from Aquarius-like observations of surface salinity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; OCEAN; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; ADVECTION; IMPACTS; BALANCE; DEPTH; MODEL AB A state-of-the-art numerical model is used to investigate the possibility of determining freshwater flux fields from temporal changes in sea-surface salinity (SSS), a goal of the satellite salinity-measuring mission, Aquarius/SAC-D. Because the estimated advective temporal scale is usually longer than the Aquarius/SAC-D revisit time, the possibility of producing freshwater flux estimates from temporal salinity changes is first examined by using a correlation analysis. For the mean seasonal cycle, the patterns of the correlations between the freshwater fluxes and surface salinity temporal tendencies are mainly zonally oriented, and are highest where the local precipitation is also relatively high. Nonseasonal (deviations from the monthly mean) correlations are highest along mid-latitude storm tracks and are relatively small in the tropics. The complex correlation patterns presented here suggest that a global retrieval of the difference between evaporation and precipitation (E-P) from salinity changes requires more complex techniques than a simple consideration of a local balance with surface forcing. C1 [Li, Zhen] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. [Adamec, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ocean Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. EM Zhen.Li-1@nasa.gov FU NASA's Science Mission Directorate under its Physical Oceanography Program FX This research was sponsored by NASA's Science Mission Directorate under its Physical Oceanography Program. The NCEP reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, CO, USA, from their website at www.cdc.noaa.gov/data/gridded/reanalysis/. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 14 BP 3745 EP 3767 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 483WO UT WOS:000269003100011 ER PT J AU Steinbrecht, W Claude, H Schonenborn, F McDermid, IS Leblanc, T Godin-Beekmann, S Keckhut, P Hauchecorne, A Van Gijsel, JAE Swart, DPJ Bodeker, GE Parrish, A Boyd, IS Kampfer, N Hocke, K Stolarski, RS Frith, SM Thomason, LW Remsberg, EE Von Savigny, C Rozanov, A Burrows, JP AF Steinbrecht, W. Claude, H. Schoenenborn, F. McDermid, I. S. Leblanc, T. Godin-Beekmann, S. Keckhut, P. Hauchecorne, A. Van Gijsel, J. A. E. Swart, D. P. J. Bodeker, G. E. Parrish, A. Boyd, I. S. Kaempfer, N. Hocke, K. Stolarski, R. S. Frith, S. M. Thomason, L. W. Remsberg, E. E. Von Savigny, C. Rozanov, A. Burrows, J. P. TI Ozone and temperature trends in the upper stratosphere at five stations of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES; DESTRUCTION; CHLORINE; ENVISAT; SINK AB Upper stratospheric ozone anomalies from the satellite-borne Solar Backscatter Ultra-Violet (SBUV), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II), Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS), and Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) instruments agree within 5% or better with ground-based data from lidars and microwave radiometers at five stations of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), from 45 degrees S to 48 degrees N. From 1979 until the late 1990s, all available data show a clear decline of ozone near 40 km, by 10%-15%. This decline has not continued in the last 10 years. At some sites, ozone at 40 km appears to have increased since 2000, consistent with the beginning decline of stratospheric chlorine. The phaseout of chlorofluorocarbons after the International Montreal Protocol in 1987 has been successful, and is now showing positive effects on ozone in the upper stratosphere. Temperature anomalies near 40 km altitude from European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast reanalyses (ERA-40), from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational analyses, and from HALOE and lidar measurements show good consistency at the five stations, within about 3 K. Since about 1985, upper stratospheric temperatures have been fluctuating around a constant level at all five NDACC stations. This non-decline of upper stratospheric temperatures is a significant change from the more or less linear cooling of the upper stratosphere up until the mid-1990s, reported in previous trend assessments. It is also at odds with the almost linear 1 K per decade cooling simulated over the entire 1979-2010 period by chemistry-climate models (CCMs). The same CCM simulations, however, track the historical ozone anomalies quite well, including the change of ozone tendency in the late 1990s. C1 [Steinbrecht, W.; Claude, H.; Schoenenborn, F.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Meteorol Observ, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [McDermid, I. S.; Leblanc, T.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Observ, Wrightwood, CA USA. [Godin-Beekmann, S.; Keckhut, P.; Hauchecorne, A.] CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91370 Paris, France. [Van Gijsel, J. A. E.; Swart, D. P. J.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Environm Monitoring Lab, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Bodeker, G. E.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Lauder, New Zealand. [Parrish, A.; Boyd, I. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kaempfer, N.; Hocke, K.] Univ Bern, Inst Angew Phys, Bern, Switzerland. [Stolarski, R. S.; Frith, S. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Thomason, L. W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Climate Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Remsberg, E. E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Chem & Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Von Savigny, C.; Rozanov, A.; Burrows, J. P.] Univ Bremen, Inst Umweltphys & Fernerkundung, Bremen, Germany. RP Steinbrecht, W (reprint author), Deutsch Wetterdienst, Meteorol Observ, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. EM wolfgang.steinbrecht@dwd.de RI van Gijsel, Joanna/F-8087-2010; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/G-6113-2010; Bodeker, Greg/A-8870-2008; Hauchecorne, Alain/A-8489-2013; Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013; von Savigny, Christian/B-3910-2014; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014; OI Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/0000-0003-0680-6729; Bodeker, Greg/0000-0003-1094-5852; Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580; Thomason, Larry/0000-0002-1902-0840; Hauchecorne, Alain/0000-0001-9888-6994 FU DLR [50EE0727]; ESA (SCIAMACHY Quality Working Group); WCRPs (World Climate Research Programme) FX University of Bremen is funded by DLR (50EE0727) and ESA (SCIAMACHY Quality Working Group). The Chemistry Climate Model Validation Activity (CCMVal) is supported by WCRPs (World Climate Research Programme) SPARC (Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate) project. We thank the modeling groups of AMTRAC (GFDL, USA), CCSRNIES (NIES, Tsukuba, Japan), CMAM (MSC, University of Toronto and York University, Canada), GEOSCCM (NASA/GSFC, USA), LMDZrepro (IPSL, France), MAECHAM4CHEM (MPI Mainz, Hamburg, Germany), MRI (MRI, Tsukuba, Japan), SOCOL (PMOB/WRC and ETHZ, Switzerland), ULAQ (University of L'Aquila, Italy), UMETRAC (UK Met Office, UK, NIWA, NZ), UMSLIMCAT (University of Leeds, UK), and WACCM (NCAR, USA) for providing their simulation runs, and we thank the British Atmospheric Data Centre of assistance with the CCMVal Archive. NR 26 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 15-16 BP 3875 EP 3886 DI 10.1080/01431160902821841 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 483WV UT WOS:000269004200002 ER PT J AU Van Gijsel, JAE Swart, DPJ Baray, JL Claude, H Fehr, T Von der Gathen, P Godin-Beekmann, S Hansen, GH Leblanc, T McDermid, IS Meijer, YJ Nakane, H Quel, EJ Steinbrecht, W Strawbridge, KB Tatarov, B Wolfram, EA AF Van Gijsel, J. A. E. Swart, D. P. J. Baray, J. -L. Claude, H. Fehr, T. Von der Gathen, P. Godin-Beekmann, S. Hansen, G. H. Leblanc, T. McDermid, I. S. Meijer, Y. J. Nakane, H. Quel, E. J. Steinbrecht, W. Strawbridge, K. B. Tatarov, B. Wolfram, E. A. TI Global validation of ENVISAT ozone profiles using lidar measurements SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID GEOPHYSICAL VALIDATION; MATCH OBSERVATIONS; TEMPERATURES; MIPAS AB Satellite sensors provide global measurements of ozone concentration that can be used to study the effects of the implementation of the Montreal Protocol. However, a key issue in deriving long-term ozone trends from successive satellite instruments is inter-comparability. Ground-based measurements offer continuous time series, but only at a few locations. The combination of ground-based measurements with satellite data is therefore an effective means to evaluate satellite instrument inter-comparability. In this study, we present validation results of ozone profiles from three atmospheric sensors onboard ENVISAT by comparison with lidar measurements. Results for the SCIAMACHY ozone profiles (version 3.01) show reasonable agreement with ground-based measurements (0 to -20%). The MIPAS full-resolution (version 4.61) dataset has good agreement with lidar (0 to 10%), whereas a small positive bias (up to 20%) was found for the MIPAS reduced-resolution prototype data. GOMOS dark-limb data (version 5.00) agree very well (0 +/- 5%) with the correlative data, but underestimate ozone concentration at the polar regions. C1 [Van Gijsel, J. A. E.; Swart, D. P. J.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Environm Monitoring Lab, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Baray, J. -L.] Univ Reunion, CNRS, UMR 8105, Lab Atmosphere & Cyclones LACy, F-97715 St Denis Messag 9, France. [Claude, H.; Steinbrecht, W.] German Weather Serv DWD, Meteorol Observ Hohenpeissenberg, Ozone Res Unit, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Fehr, T.; Meijer, Y. J.] ESA ESRIN, I-00044 Frascati, RM, Italy. [Von der Gathen, P.] AWI, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Godin-Beekmann, S.] UPMC, UVSQ, CNRS, Serv Aeron,IPSL, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Hansen, G. H.] Norwegian Air Res Inst NILU, Polar Environm Ctr 9296, Tromso, Norway. [Leblanc, T.; McDermid, I. S.] NASA, JPL, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. [Nakane, H.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Asian Environm Res Grp, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Strawbridge, K. B.] Environm Canada, CARE, Sci & Technol Branch, Egbert, ON LOL 1N0, Canada. [Tatarov, B.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Div Atmospher Environm, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Quel, E. J.; Wolfram, E. A.] CEILAP CITEFA CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Van Gijsel, JAE (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Environm Monitoring Lab, POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. EM Anne.van.Gijsel@rivm.nl RI von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009; van Gijsel, Joanna/F-8087-2010; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/G-6113-2010 OI von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556; Nakane, Hideaki/0000-0002-9032-6105; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/0000-0003-0680-6729 FU European Space Agency FX These studies have been performed in the framework of the ENVISAT quality assessment with lidar (EQUAL) project, which was financed by the European Space Agency. The authors would also like to thank the members of the GOMOS, MIPAS and SCIAMACHY quality working groups for their inputs and discussions. We also acknowledge the feedback from the anonymous reviewer, which has provided valuable improvements to this manuscript. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 15-16 BP 3987 EP 3994 DI 10.1080/01431160902821825 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 483WV UT WOS:000269004200013 ER PT J AU Huang, HG Chen, M Liu, QH Liu, Q Zhang, Y Zhao, LQ Qin, WH AF Huang, Huaguo Chen, Min Liu, Qinhuo Liu, Qiang Zhang, Yang Zhao, Liqiong Qin, Wenhan TI A realistic structure model for large-scale surface leaving radiance simulation of forest canopy and accuracy assessment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID IMAGING-SPECTRORADIOMETER MISR; 3D MODEL; VEGETATION; REFLECTANCE; INSTRUMENT; SCATTERING; ALGORITHM; REGION; LIGHT AB The radiosity-graphics model (RGM) is an important branch of computer simulation modelling for the vegetation bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). As the radiosity method is based on a global solving technique, the RGM can only deal with limited numbers of polygons, and has only been used for small-scale flat terrain scenes. However, the land surface is generally rugged, so it is necessary to extend the RGM to simulate the surface leaving radiance of the forest canopy at a large scale with complex topography. The methodology adopted in this paper is: (1) virtual forest scene generation combined with a digital elevation model; (2) scene division method, shadowing effect correction and multiple scattering calculation; (3) merging the simulated sub-scene bidirectional reflectance factors (BRFs) to get the whole-scene BRF. The paper compares this new method with other models by choosing a large-scale conifer forest scene with a GAUSS terrain from RAMI3 (http://rami-benchmark.jrc.it). Multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) data are used to validate the extended RGM in a Picea crassifolia forest area at a satellite pixel scale in the field campaign in Gansu Province, China. The root mean square error and correlation coefficient between the simulated BRF and the MISR BRF are 0.018 and 0.98, respectively. The uncertainty and error sources of the large-scale RGM model are thoroughly analysed. C1 [Huang, Huaguo; Zhao, Liqiong] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Minist Educ, Key Lab Silviculture & Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Huang, Huaguo; Chen, Min; Liu, Qinhuo; Liu, Qiang; Zhang, Yang] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Huang, Huaguo; Chen, Min; Liu, Qinhuo; Liu, Qiang; Zhang, Yang] Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Chen, Min] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Qin, Wenhan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM qhliu@irsa.ac.cn RI rslab, water/O-7043-2015 FU Chinese Natural Science Foundation [40730525]; Chinese State Key Basic Research [2007CB714402]; Science Foundation for the Youth Scholars of Beijing Forestry University; Chinese State Key Basic Research Project 'Synthetic Retrieval of Territorial Ecological Variables Using both Active and Passive Remote Sensing Approaches' [2007CB714400]; 'WATER: Watershed Airborne Telemetry Experiment Research' [KZCX2-XB20-9] FX The experiment is jointly supported by the Chinese State Key Basic Research Project 'Synthetic Retrieval of Territorial Ecological Variables Using both Active and Passive Remote Sensing Approaches' (2007CB714400), and by the 'WATER: Watershed Airborne Telemetry Experiment Research' (KZCX2-XB20-9) under the auspices of the CAS Action Plan for West Development Program. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 20 BP 5421 EP 5439 DI 10.1080/01431160903130911 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 515CB UT WOS:000271443000011 ER PT J AU Nirala, M AF Nirala, Mohan TI Derivation of pan-Arctic soil decomposition rate constant, heterotrophic respiration and NEE using AMSR-E and MODIS data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 MEASUREMENTS; TUNDRA ECOSYSTEMS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TUSSOCK TUNDRA; FLUX; EXCHANGE; PRODUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; NORTHERN; ALASKA AB An approach was developed for regional assessment and monitoring of land-atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO(2)) exchange, soil heterotrophic respiration (R(h)), and vegetation productivity of Arctic tundra using global satellite remote sensing at optical and microwave wavelengths. C- and X-band brightness temperatures were used from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) to extract surface wetness and temperature, and MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data were used to derive land cover, Leaf Area Index (LAI), and Net Primary Production (NPP) information. Calibration and validation activities involve comparisons between satellite remote sensing and tundra CO(2) eddy flux towers, and hydroecological process model simulations. Analyses of spatial and temporal anomalies and environmental drivers of land-atmosphere net CO(2) exchange at weekly and annual time steps were conducted. Surface soil moisture and temperature, as detected from satellite remote-sensing observations, were found to be major drivers for spatial and temporal patterns of tundra net ecosystem CO(2) exchange and photosynthetic and respiration processes. Satellite microwave measurements are capable of capturing seasonal variations and regional patterns in tundra soil heterotrophic respiration and CO(2) exchange, while the ability to extract spatial patterns at the scale of surface heterogeneity is limited by the coarse spatial scale of the satellite remote-sensing footprint. The microwave-derived surface temperature and soil moisture were used to estimate net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) at the boreal-Arctic region. These were validated using flux tower sites data. Existing satellite-based measurements of vegetation structure (i.e. LAI) and productivity (i.e. Gross Primary Production (GPP) and NPP) from the Aqua/Terra MODIS with the AMSR-E-derived land-surface temperature and soil moisture were used and integrated. Spatially explicit estimates of NEE for the pan-Arctic region at daily, weekly and annual intervals were derived. Comparative analysis of satellite data-derived NEE with measurements from CO(2) eddy flux tower sites and the BIOME-BGC model were carried out and good agreement was found. The comparative analysis is statistically significant with high regression (i.e. R(2) = 0.965), especially in the R(h) calculation and the overall NEE regression is 0.478. The results also indicate that the carbon cycle response to climate change is nonlinear and is strongly coupled to Arctic surface hydrology. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, RSIS GES DISC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Nirala, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, RSIS GES DISC, Code 610-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mnirala@pop600.gsfc.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was performed by the author while working as a research scientist at The University of Montana. AMSR-E datasets from Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology were used. This work was performed under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. I would like to thank Dr John Kimball for his support. I also thank Faith Ann Heinsch and Maosheng Zhao for their help with data processing. I would like to thank principal investigators and their team at Ameriflux, FLUXNET Canada, and CALM for the diligent collection of field data and for generously providing datasets. Investigators include Kyle McDonald, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Eni Njoku, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Walt Oechel, Global Change Research Group, San Diego State University; Kenneth Hinkel, University of Cincinnati (Happy Valley CALM site); Steven Wofsy, Harvard University (Northern Old Black Spruce); T. Andy Black, University of British Columbia (OAS); Lawrence Flanagan, The University of Lethbridge; Michael Rawlins, Water Systems Analysis Group, University of New Hampshire; Larry Hinzman, Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 22 BP 5793 EP 5820 DI 10.1080/01431160902744811 PG 28 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 515EV UT WOS:000271451200001 ER PT J AU Wu, AS Xiong, XX Cao, CY AF Wu, Aisheng Xiong, Xiaoxiong Cao, Changyong TI Tracking the calibration stability and consistency of the 3.7, 11.0 and 12.0 mu m channels of the NOAA-KLM AVHRR with MODIS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; INFRARED CHANNELS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; BANDS; TERRA; SATELLITES; IMAGERS; ONBOARD AB The NOAA-KLM satellites (NOAA-15 to 18) are the current polar-orbiting operational environmental satellites (POES) that carry the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). This study examines the calibration stability and consistency of all three infrared channels (3.7, 11.0 and 12.0 mm) of AVHRR onboard NOAA-15 to 18. The short-term stability is examined from variations of the scan-by-scan gain response, while the long-term stability and calibration consistency are examined by tracking the trends of gain response and measured scene brightness temperatures. The relative differences of observed scene brightness temperatures among NOAA-15 to 18 AVHRR are determined using MODIS as a transfer radiometer based on observations from simultaneous nadir overpasses (SNO). Results show that variations of the scan-to-scan gain responses are within 0.10% under normal operational conditions, while long-term gain changes over six years from 2001 to 2006 vary from 2 to 4% depending on channel. Long-term trending results show that total six-year drifts in observed brightness temperature from NOAA-15 to 18 AVHRR are less than 0.5 K for a given scene temperature in the 250 to 270 K range for the 3.7, 11.0 and 12.0 mm channels, respectively. The calibration consistency is examined for a scene temperature range of 220 to 290 K. The temperature biases among NOAA-16 to 18 AVHRR are within +/- 0.5 K for the 11.0 and 12.0 mu m channels. For NOAA-15 AVHRR, biases of -2.0 K at 11.0 mu m and -1.5 K at 12.0 mu m are found in comparison with others at the low end of the temperature range. For the 3.7 mm channel, relative biases up to a few degrees among NOAA-15 to 18 could be found at low brightness temperatures. C1 [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wu, Aisheng] Sci & Syst Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM aisheng.wu@sigmaspace.com RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 22 BP 5901 EP 5917 DI 10.1080/01431160902787703 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 515EV UT WOS:000271451200007 ER PT J AU Kwiatkowska, EJ McClain, CR AF Kwiatkowska, E. J. McClain, C. R. TI Evaluation of SeaWiFS, MODIS Terra and MODIS Aqua coverage for studies of phytoplankton diurnal variability SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DIEL VARIATIONS; PRODUCTIVITY; PATTERNS; GROWTH; RATES AB Contemporaneous satellite ocean colour data from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra and MODIS Aqua instruments are consistently calibrated and uniformly processed using equivalent code and algorithms. These sensors cover the globe at different times of a local day. Combining the three instruments provides an unprecedented opportunity to monitor global and local oceanic phytoplankton fluctuations continuously throughout the day. While a daily maximum of 3 hours of coverage is expected from the three sensors, longer observation periods are achieved by combining hourly coverage from a number of consecutive days. The southern hemisphere is then observed continually between 9 am and 3 pm local time. The northern hemisphere is monitored for shorter periods, largely between 10 am and 2 pm local time. This study proposes methodologies to investigate diurnal variability in phytoplankton optical properties from satellite instruments. It also makes an initial attempt to extract diurnal phytoplankton trends from the data and highlights the requirements for accurate instrument calibration and algorithm consistency in ocean colour. C1 [Kwiatkowska, E. J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kwiatkowska, E. J.; McClain, C. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, OBPG, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kwiatkowska, EJ (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 4600 Powder Mill Rd,Suite 400, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ewa.kwiatkowska@gmail.com FU NASA FX This work was supported under the NASA ROSES 2006 calibration and validation solicitation funding. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 24 BP 6441 EP 6459 DI 10.1080/01431160902865798 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 544GH UT WOS:000273641500005 ER PT J AU Lema, C Bockoven, L Hammond, D Wallace, W Jeevarajan, A Cunningham, MJ AF Lema, C. Bockoven, L. Hammond, D. Wallace, W. Jeevarajan, A. Cunningham, M. J. TI Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Human Keratinocytes Differ in Their Cellular Responses to Lunar Dust Simulant SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Toxicology CY NOV 09-12, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP Amer Coll Toxicol C1 [Lema, C.] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX USA. [Hammond, D.; Wallace, W.; Jeevarajan, A.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 MA P30 BP 55 EP 55 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 463IH UT WOS:000267425000034 ER PT J AU Leu, MT Keyser, LF AF Leu, Ming-Taun Keyser, Leon F. TI Vapor-deposited water and nitric acid ices: Physical and chemical properties SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE water ice; nitric acid ice; vapor deposition; physical and chemical properties; heterogeneous reactions; satellite surface ID POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS; ICY GALILEAN SATELLITES; FLOW-TUBE REACTORS; REAL-TIME KINETICS; HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS; SULFURIC-ACID; HYDROGEN-CHLORIDE; TEMPERATURE-RANGE; AMORPHOUS ICE; ASTROPHYSICAL IMPLICATIONS AB Ices formed by vapor deposition have been the subject of numerous laboratory investigations in connection with snow and glaciers on the ground, ice clouds in the terrestrial atmosphere, surfaces of other planets and their satellites, and the interstellar medium. In this review we will focus on these specific subjects: (1) heterogeneous chemistry on the surfaces of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and (2) surfaces of satellites of the outer planets in our solar system. Stratospheric ozone provides a protective shield for mankind and the global biosphere from harmful ultraviolet solar radiation. In past decades, theoretical atmospheric models for the calculation of ozone balance frequently used only homogeneous gas-phase reactions in their studies. Since the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole in 1985, however, it has been demonstrated that knowledge of heterogeneous reactions on the surface of PSCs is definitely needed to understand this significant natural event due to the anthropogenic emission of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). We will briefly discuss the experimental techniques for the investigation of heterogeneous chemistry on ice surfaces carried out in our laboratories. The experimental apparatus used include: several flow-tube reactors, an electron-impact ionization mass spectrometer, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, a BET adsorption apparatus, and a scanning environmental electron microscope. The adsorption experiments and electron microscopic work have demonstrated that the vapor-deposited ices are highly porous. Therefore, it is necessary to develop theoretical models for the elucidation of the uptake and reactivity of trace gases in porous ice substrates. Several measurements of uptake and reaction probabilities of these trace gases on water ices and nitric acid ices have been performed under ambient conditions in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, mainly in the temperature range 180-220 K. The trace gases of atmospheric importance in heterogeneous chemistry include: ClONO2, HCl, HOCl, and HNO3. In addition, recent interest in the possible landing of a robotic spacecraft on the surface of Europa, one of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter, and ground based telescopic observations demand detailed knowledge of the physical properties of the icy surfaces of the outer planets and their satellites. Lower temperature studies in the range 77-150 K using both electron microscopy and adsorption isotherms (BET surface area measurements) have revealed some intriguing observations that may provide some insights for remote sensing of these satellite surfaces. Finally, we will attempt to summarize our recent results and suggest future research directions in both theoretical and laboratory investigations. C1 [Leu, Ming-Taun; Keyser, Leon F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Leu, MT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Ming-Taun.Leu@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA-JPL FX This work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We are grateful to our former colleagues, L. T. Chu, S. B. Moore, R. S. Timonen, T. L. Tso, R. H. Smith, C. S. Boxe, B. R. Bodsgard, and R. Zhang who have made important contributions to this work while they visited NASA-JPL. NR 96 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-235X EI 1366-591X J9 INT REV PHYS CHEM JI Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 53 EP 109 AR PII 909655620 DI 10.1080/01442350802617129 PG 57 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 421CU UT WOS:000264336300003 ER PT B AU Hieronymus, JL Liu, X Gales, MJF Woodland, PC AF Hieronymus, J. L. Liu, X. Gales, M. J. F. Woodland, P. C. GP ISCA-INST SPEECH COMMUN ASSOC TI Exploiting Chinese Character Models to Improve Speech Recognition Performance SO INTERSPEECH 2009: 10TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION 2009, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th INTERSPEECH 2009 Conference CY SEP 06-10, 2009 CL Brighton, ENGLAND SP Int Speech Commun Assoc DE Mandarin Chinese speech recognition; Mandarin Chinese character modeling; combining Chinese character and word models AB The Chinese language is based on characters which are syllabic in nature. Since languages have syllabotactic rules which govern the construction of syllables and their allowed sequences, Chinese character sequence models can be used as a first level approximation of allowed syllable sequences. N-gram character sequence models were trained on 4.3 billion characters. Characters are used as a first level recognition unit with multiple pronunciations per character. For comparison the CU-HTK Mandarin word based system was used to recognize words which were then converted to character sequences. The character only system error rates for one best recognition were slightly worse than word based character recognition. However combining the two systems using log-linear combination gives better results than either system separately. An equally weighted combination gave consistent CER gains of 0.1 - 0.2% absolute over the word based standard system. C1 [Hieronymus, J. L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. RP Hieronymus, JL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. EM jlh83@eng.cam.ac.uk; xl207@eng.cam.ac.uk; mjfg@eng.cam.ac.uk; pcw@eng.cam.ac.uk NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISCA-INST SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOC PI BAIXAS PA C/O EMMANUELLE FOXONET, 4 RUE DES FAUVETTES, LIEU DIT LOUS TOURILS, BAIXAS, F-66390, FRANCE BN 978-1-61567-692-7 PY 2009 BP 364 EP 367 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOJ53 UT WOS:000276842800089 ER PT S AU Tielens, AGGM AF Tielens, A. G. G. M. BE Boulanger, F Joblin, C Jones, A Madden, S TI INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF INTERSTELLAR DUST SO INTERSTELLAR DUST FROM ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS TO FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interstellar Dust from Astronomical Observations to Fundamental Studies CY MAY 01-05, 2006 CL Les Houches, FRANCE SP Ctr Atom Energy, European Space Agcy, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, Programme Natl Phys Chimie Milieu Interstellaire, Ctr Natl Recherche Sci ID POLYCYCLIC-AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON; CRYSTALLINE SILICATE DUST; HERBIG AE/BE STARS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; RICH CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST; M-MIRA VARIABLES; MU-M FEATURE; EMISSION FEATURES; EVOLVED STARS; PAH EMISSION AB IR spectroscopy is the premier tool to study the composition of interstellar dust. Broad absorption and emission bands provide direct identification of the solid compounds present in space and allow measurement of accurate abundances. Systematic studies of large samples of sources allow then inferences on the origin and evolution of dust in space. Overall, the observed infrared spectra of interstellar and circumstellar dust reveals an incredibly rich and varied composition. This chapter briefly reviews the principles of infrared spectroscopy. This is then applied to the composition of circumstellar oxides and minerals and interstellar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon molecules. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Tielens, AGGM (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 95 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-86-883981-7 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2009 VL 35 BP 33 EP 56 DI 10.1051/eas/0935003 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJD03 UT WOS:000264869400003 ER PT S AU Dwek, E Galliano, F Jones, AP AF Dwek, E. Galliano, F. Jones, A. P. BE Boulanger, F Joblin, C Jones, A Madden, S TI THE EVOLUTION OF DUST IN EXTREME ASTROPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS SO INTERSTELLAR DUST FROM ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS TO FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES SE EAS PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interstellar Dust from Astronomical Observations to Fundamental Studies CY MAY 01-05, 2006 CL Les Houches, FRANCE SP Ctr Atom Energy, European Space Agcy, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, Programme Natl Phys Chimie Milieu Interstellaire, Ctr Natl Recherche Sci ID INTERSTELLAR DUST; DWARF GALAXIES; MIDINFRARED SPECTRA; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; AGB-STARS; GAS; ABUNDANCES; EMISSION; GRAINS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AB Dust is present in almost every astrophysical environment, ranging from circumstellar shells and disks to spiral, elliptical, starburst, and active galaxies, and to pre-galactic objects such as QSO absorption-fine and damped Ly alpha systems. Dust leaves its imprint on interstellar extinction curves, IR spectra, and the elemental depletion patterns in the ISM of galaxies. Understanding the origin and the complex evolutionary cycle of dust is therefore an important goal in astrophysics. In this contribution, we present models to describe the evolutionary history of interstellar dust in a diverse set of astrophysical environments, ranging from normal star-forming galaxies like the Milky Way to high-redshift galaxies undergoing extreme rates of star formation. In particular, we show how the chemical evolution models can explain the correlations of dust abundances with galactic metallicities, and the presence of large amounts of dust in young dusty hyperluminous infrared galaxies in which supernovae are the only source of newly-condensed dust. C1 [Dwek, E.; Galliano, F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Dwek, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM eli.dwek@nasa.gov RI Dwek, Eli/C-3995-2012 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-86-883981-7 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2009 VL 35 BP 57 EP 71 DI 10.1051/eas/0935004 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJD03 UT WOS:000264869400004 ER PT B AU Sukumar, V Zghoul, FN Alahmad, M Hess, H Buck, K Li, H Cox, D Jackson, J Terry, S Blalock, B Mojarradi, MM West, WC Whitacre, JF AF Sukumar, Vinesh Zghoul, Fadi Nessir Alahmad, Mahmoud Hess, Herbert Buck, Kevin Li, Harry Cox, Dave Jackson, Jeremy Terry, Stephen Blalock, Ben Mojarradi, M. M. West, W. C. Whitacre, J. F. GP IEEE TI MOSFET Charger Controller Circuit For On Chip Power Cells in Aeronautical Applications SO ISIE: 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE 2009) CY JUL 05-08, 2009 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB Integrated microbatteries are being currently developed to act as a "micropower" source in microsatellites. They help provide localized current capacities or embedded power supplies at the chip level, for space exploration. These power cells are designed to be rechargeable. This research paper aims at presenting charging these power cells using pulsing algorithms developed at MRCI with an on chip pulse charger controller. C1 [Sukumar, Vinesh; Zghoul, Fadi Nessir; Alahmad, Mahmoud; Hess, Herbert; Buck, Kevin; Li, Harry; Cox, Dave] Univ Idaho, Microelect Res & Commun Inst, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Jackson, Jeremy; Terry, Stephen; Blalock, Ben] Univ Tennessee, Integrated Circuits & Syst Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. [Mojarradi, M. M.; West, W. C.; Whitacre, J. F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Sukumar, V (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Microelect Res & Commun Inst, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4347-5 PY 2009 BP 581 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOJ16 UT WOS:000276815500106 ER PT J AU Johnson, L Thomas, D AF Johnson, Les Thomas, Dan TI A COMPARISON OF LUNAR LANDER OPTIONS FOR ROBOTIC EXPLORATION OF THE MOON SO JBIS-JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH INTERPLANETARY SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Lunar exploration; lunar lander; NASA AB There has not been a robotic lander on the surface of the moon since the American Surveyor and the Soviet Luna Programs of the late 1960's and early-to-mid 1970's. Many national space agencies and even some private companies are considering resumption of robotic lunar surface exploration in advance of the anticipated return of humans to the moon sometime after 2020. Over the last few years, teams of engineers and scientists throughout NASA have studied various robotic lunar lander concepts. Much of the data garnered from the studies may have direct application to today's science and exploration mission planning. This paper summarizes the results from some of these Studies with particular emphasis on the propulsion aspects of the missions. C1 [Johnson, Les; Thomas, Dan] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Johnson, L (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM c.les.johnson@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH INTERPLANETARY SOC PI LONDON PA 27-29 S LAMBETH RD, LONDON SW8 1SZ, ENGLAND SN 0007-084X J9 JBIS-J BRIT INTERPLA JI JBIS-J. Br. Interplanet. Soc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 62 IS 1 BP 2 EP 8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 397RN UT WOS:000262679900001 ER PT B AU Hughes, JS Crichton, DJ Mattmann, CA AF Hughes, J. Steven Crichton, Daniel J. Mattmann, Chris A. GP ACM TI Scientific Digital Libraries, Interoperability, and Ontologies SO JCDL 09: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 ACM/IEEE JOINT CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL LIBRARIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual International ACM/IEEE Joint Conferene on Digital Libraries CY JUN 15-19, 2009 CL Austin, TX SP ACM SIGWEB, ACM Speial Intrest Grp Informat Retrieval, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE DE Digital Library; Ontology; Information Model; Interoperability; Science Data; Science Metadata AB Scientific digital libraries serve complex and evolving research communities. Justifications for the development of scientific digital libraries include the desire to preserve science data and the promises of information interconnectedness, correlative science, and system interoperability. Research [1] suggests single shared ontologies are fundamental to fulfilling these promises. We present a tool framework, a set of principles, and a real world case study where shared ontologies are used to develop and manage science information models and subsequently guide the implementation of scientific digital libraries. The tool framework, based on an ontology modeling tool as illustrated in Figure 1, was configured to develop, manage, and keep shared ontologies relevant within changing domains and to promote the interoperability, interconnectedness, and correlation desired by scientists. C1 [Hughes, J. Steven; Crichton, Daniel J.; Mattmann, Chris A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hughes, JS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jshughes@jpl.nasa.gov; crichton@jpl.nasa.gov; mattmann@jpl.nasa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-60558-697-7 PY 2009 BP 399 EP 399 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BWY55 UT WOS:000295296700069 ER PT J AU Kaiser, ML AF Kaiser, Michael L. TI STEREO: Science and Mission Overview SO JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Article AB The twin Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) spacecraft were launched on 26 October 2006, at 0052 UTC. After a series of highly eccentric Earth orbits with apogees beyond the Moon, each spacecraft used close flybys of the Moon to escape into orbits about the Sun near 1 astronomical unit (AU). Once in heliospheric orbit, one spacecraft (Behind) trails Earth while the other (Ahead) leads, continuously separating from each other at similar to 45 degrees per year as viewed from the Sun. During the very early period of scientific observations, when the two spacecraft were still quite close together, the Sun produced an active series of coronal mass ejection (CME) explosions captured by some of the STEREO instruments. Additionally, serendipity played its usual surprise role, allowing an un-Earthly eclipse to be captured as well as phenomenal images of the very bright Comet McNaught. In the coming months and years, STEREO will undoubtedly revolutionize our understanding of solar storms and will continue to produce a bonanza of data for the entire inner heliosphere. C1 [Kaiser, Michael L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Kaiser, ML (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM michael.kaiser@nasa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PI LAUREL PA APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATTN: TECHNICAL DIGEST JOHN HOPKINS RD, BLDG 1W-131, LAUREL, MD 20723-6099 USA SN 0270-5214 J9 J HOPKINS APL TECH D JI Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 94 EP 103 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 556RQ UT WOS:000274609300002 ER PT J AU Cancro, GJ Trela, MD AF Cancro, George J. Trela, Michael D. TI STEREO Fault Protection Challenges and Lessons Learned SO JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Article AB Performing the fault protection task for the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) spacecraft forced the design team to deal with multiple issues that are either not emphasized or not encountered on single-spacecraft missions. The decisions made during STEREO development regarding redundancy, test philosophy, test execution, staffing, and data handling were directly impacted by the number of spacecraft. Looking back over the STEREO development, several lessons learned emerged in the area of fault protection for the design, testing, and operations of multispacecraft missions. This paper captures and documents seven lessons along with rationale and examples from the STEREO development in the hope that future multispacecraft missions can benefit from this information. C1 [Cancro, George J.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Cancro, George J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. EM george.cancro@jhuapl.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PI LAUREL PA APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATTN: TECHNICAL DIGEST JOHN HOPKINS RD, BLDG 1W-131, LAUREL, MD 20723-6099 USA SN 0270-5214 J9 J HOPKINS APL TECH D JI Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 155 EP 161 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 556RQ UT WOS:000274609300006 ER PT J AU Betenbaugh, TM Tanzman, JR AF Betenbaugh, Teresa M. Tanzman, Jennifer R. TI Mechanical Verification of the STEREO Observatories SO JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Article AB The Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) mission requirements presented many challenges to the observatories' mechanical design, analysis, and test program. STEREO's tight pointing stability requirements were complicated by low-frequency motion of multiple deployed appendages. Meeting launch vehicle requirements for payload stiffness and mass was difficult for the 3-m-tall, 2.1-m-wide observatory stack. The observatory stack also required precision spin balancing to fly on the Delta II third stage-a challenge with a weight limit of 1285 kg. This paper describes how the STEREO mission requirements were verified through analysis and testing. The verification methods used for STEREO spacecraft stability, strength, vibration, deployment, shock, acoustic, spin balance, and mass properties are discussed. C1 [Betenbaugh, Teresa M.] NASA, Adv Composit Explorer, Washington, DC USA. [Tanzman, Jennifer R.] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst Sector, Linthicum, MD USA. EM terry.betenbaugh@jhuapl.edu FU NASA FX The qualification program presented in this paper was possible because of the combined effort of many dedicated individuals. Many thanks to Dave Persons and Gordon Maahs for structural analysis and test support; Brian Kemp, Jack Hunt, Brian Kantsiper, and Courtney Ray for leading the jitter analysis effort; Stuart Hill, Weilun Cheng, Tim Lippy, and Jim Beatty for mechanical engineering support; Bob Tomkiewicz, Leon Garvin, and Hadi Navid for APL VTL test support; Dan Worth and his team for GSFC test support; and Gerard Gleeson and Rob Ferraro for Astrotech test support. Funding for STEREO was provided by NASA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PI LAUREL PA APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATTN: TECHNICAL DIGEST JOHN HOPKINS RD, BLDG 1W-131, LAUREL, MD 20723-6099 USA SN 0270-5214 J9 J HOPKINS APL TECH D JI Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 162 EP 176 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 556RQ UT WOS:000274609300007 ER PT J AU Sen, S Schofield, E O'Dell, JS Deka, L Pillay, S AF Sen, S. Schofield, E. O'Dell, J. S. Deka, L. Pillay, S. TI The Development of a Multifunctional Composite Material for Use in Human Space Exploration Beyond Low-Earth Orbit SO JOM LA English DT Article AB Long-duration human exploration beyond the low Earth orbit (LEO) mandates development of materials to minimize crew and equipment exposure to the interplanetary radiation environment. The potential for biological damage by the relatively low percentage of high-energy heavy ions in the galactic cosmic ray spectrum far outweigh that due to lighter particles because of their ionizing power and the quality of the resulting biological damage. To avoid paying a penalty due to additional weight, it would be beneficial to develop a multifunctional material as an integral part of a spacecraft structure to provide shielding effectiveness and structural integrity. This paper discusses the development of polyethylene fiber reinforced epoxy matrix structural composites that effectively satisfy both primary requirements. C1 [Sen, S.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NASA Program, BAE Syst, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Schofield, E.; O'Dell, J. S.] Plasma Proc Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. [Deka, L.; Pillay, S.] Univ Alabama, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Sen, S (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NASA Program, BAE Syst, EM 30,Bldg 4464,Room 111A, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM Subhayu.Sen-1@nasa.gov FU NASA Small Business Innovative Research; Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York FX The authors are grateful to the NASA Small Business Innovative Research program for funding this effort. The experimental nuclear physics group at Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York, is acknowledged for support and expertise during exposure of the samples to heavy ion beams and data reduction. The authors are also grateful to Dr. Sheila Thibeault of NASA's Langley Research Center for technical discussions and encouragement during the course of the project. The authors wish to express their gratitude to Ms. Ernestine Cothran of BAE Systems for her patience and dedication through resolving administrative issues toward the project. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 397IE UT WOS:000262655300004 ER PT J AU Thomas, EA Poritz, DH Muirhead, DL AF Thomas, Evan A. Poritz, Darwin H. Muirhead, Dean L. TI Urine Advancing Contact Angle on Several Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Urine; capillarity; contact angle; wetting; microgravity fluid management AB Urine wetting properties may influence the design and performance of catheters, urinalysis instruments, and lab-on-a-chip technologies. In this study the advancing contact angle theta(adv) of urine on several materials is characterized. Material type and surface tension have a significant effect on theta(adv), while pretreatment and aging do not. Mean urine theta(adv) are between approximate to 78 degrees and approximate to 89 degrees on hydrophilic surfaces, and up to over approximate to 105 degrees on hydrophobic surfaces. Expected urine contact angles will decrease from the DI water contact angles by on average 10 degrees, and up to 20 degrees, while urine surface tension will be lower than DI water by 12.12 mN/m and 18.53 mN/m. A unit change (mN/m) in surface tension results in a 0.75 degrees change in theta(adv). These results indicate that systems attempting to exploit urine wetting must account for highly variable conditions. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2009 C1 [Thomas, Evan A.; Poritz, Darwin H.; Muirhead, Dean L.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Thomas, EA (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM evan.a.thomas@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2009 VL 23 IS 15 BP 1917 EP 1923 DI 10.1163/016942409X12508517390879 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 514SH UT WOS:000271415400005 ER PT J AU Dvorak, DD Ingham, MD Morris, JR Gersh, J AF Dvorak, Daniel D. Ingham, Michel D. Morris, J. Richard Gersh, John TI Goal-Based Operations: An Overview SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB Operating robotic space missions via time-based command sequences has become a limiting factor in the exploration, defense, and commercial sectors. Command sequencing was originally designed for comparatively simple and predictable missions, with safe-mode responses for most faults. This approach has been increasingly strained to accommodate today's more complex missions, which require advanced capabilities such as autonomous fault diagnosis and response, vehicle mobility with hazard avoidance, opportunistic science observations, etc. Goal-based operation changes the fundamental basis of operations from imperative command sequences to declarative specifications of operational intent and termed goals. Execution based on explicit intent simplifies operator workload by focusing on what to do rather than how to do it. The move toward goal-based operations, which has already begun in some space missions, involves changes and opportunities in several places: operational processes and tools, human interface design, planning and scheduling, control architecture, fault protection, and verification and validation. Further, the need for future interoperation among multiple goal-based systems suggests that attention be given to areas for standardization. This overview paper defines the concept of goal-based operations, reviews a history of steps in this direction, and discusses the areas of change and opportunity through comparison with the prevalent operational paradigm of command sequencing. C1 [Dvorak, Daniel D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Planning & Execut Syst Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ingham, Michel D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Flight Software Syst Engn & Architectures Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Morris, J. Richard] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Planning & Sequencing Syst Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gersh, John] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Syst & Informat Sci Grp, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Dvorak, DD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Planning & Execut Syst Sect, M-S 301-270, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Daniel.L.Dvorak@jpl.nasa.gov; Michel.D.Ingham@jpl.nasa.gov; John.R.Morris@jpl.nasa.gov; John.Gersh@jhuapl.edu RI Gersh, John/F-4871-2013 OI Gersh, John/0000-0001-5552-3472 FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The work described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and as internal research. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROSP COMPUT IN C JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 123 EP 141 DI 10.2514/1.36314 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510FY UT WOS:000271074700002 ER PT J AU Nguyen, N Krishnakumar, K AF Nguyen, Nhan Krishnakumar, Kalmanje TI Hybrid Intelligent Flight Control with Adaptive Learning Parameter Estimation SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB This paper presents a recent development of a hybrid adaptive control method that further extends the intelligent flight control technology to improve command-tracking performance of aircraft operating in off-nominal flight conditions. The hybrid method is based on adaptive learning laws for online parameter estimation of aircraft plant dynamics in conjunction with an existing neural net direct adaptation strategy. Two parameter estimation learning laws are presented: 1) an indirect adaptive learning law derived from the Lyapunov stability theory, and 2) a recursive least-squares learning law. Simulations of a damaged generic aircraft demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid intelligent flight control method. C1 [Nguyen, Nhan; Krishnakumar, Kalmanje] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Nguyen, N (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Mail Stop 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Nhan.T.Nguyen@nasa.gov; Kalmanje.S.Krishnakumar@nasa.gov NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROSP COMPUT IN C JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 171 EP 186 DI 10.2514/1.35929 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510FY UT WOS:000271074700004 ER PT J AU Bosworth, JT Williams-Hayes, PS AF Bosworth, John T. Williams-Hayes, Peggy S. TI Stabilator Failure Adaptation from Flight Tests of NF-15B Intelligent Flight Control System SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB Adaptive flight control systems have the potential to be more resilient to extreme changes in airplane behavior. Extreme changes could be a result of a system failure or of damage to the airplane. A direct adaptive neural-network-based flight control system was developed for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NF-15B Intelligent Flight Control System airplane and subjected to an inflight simulation of a failed (frozen) (unmovable) stabilator. Formation flight handling qualities evaluations were performed with and without neural network adaptation. The results of these flight tests are presented. Comparison with simulation predictions and analysis of the performance of the adaptation system are discussed. The performance of the adaptation system is assessed in terms of its ability to decouple the roll and pitch response and reestablish good onboard model tracking. Flight evaluation with the simulated stabilator failure and adaptation engaged showed that there was generally improvement in the pitch response; however, a tendency for roll pilot-induced oscillation was experienced. A detailed discussion of the cause of the mixed results is presented. C1 [Bosworth, John T.; Williams-Hayes, Peggy S.] NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Bosworth, JT (reprint author), NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. EM john.bosworth@nasa.gov; peggy.s.hayes@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROSP COMPUT IN C JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 187 EP 206 DI 10.2514/1.36211 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510FY UT WOS:000271074700005 ER PT J AU Schwabacher, M Oza, N Matthews, B AF Schwabacher, Mark Oza, Nikunj Matthews, Bryan TI Unsupervised Anomaly Detection for Liquid-Fueled Rocket Propulsion Health Monitoring SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID NOVELTY DETECTION; SUPPORT AB This article describes the results of applying four unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms to data from two rocket propulsion testbeds. The first testbed uses historical data from the Space Shuttle Main Engine. The second testbed uses data from an experimental rocket engine test stand located at NASA Stennis Space Center. The article describes nine anomalies detected by the four algorithms. The four algorithms use four different definitions of anomalousness. Orca uses a nearest-neighbor approach, defining a point to be an anomaly if its nearest neighbors in the data space are far away from it. The Inductive Monitoring System clusters the training data, and then uses the distance to the nearest cluster as its measure of anomalousness. GritBot learns rules from the training data, and then classifies points as anomalous if they violate these rules. One-class support vector machines map the data into a high-dimensional space in which most of the normal points are on one side of a hyperplane, and then classify points on the other side of the hyperplane as anomalous. Because of these different definitions of anomalousness, different algorithms detect different anomalies. We therefore conclude that it is useful to use multiple algorithms. C1 [Schwabacher, Mark; Oza, Nikunj] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Matthews, Bryan] Stinger Ghaffarian Technolgies Inc, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Schwabacher, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, MS 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM mark.a.schwabacher@nasa.gov; Nikunj.C.Oza@nasa.gov; Bryan.L.Matthews@nasa.gov FU NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD); ESMD's Advanced Space Technology Program; ESMD's Exploration Technology Development Program FX The research described in this article was funded by the NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) under the Technology Maturation Program as part of the ISHM Testbeds and Prototypes Project, by ESMD's Advanced Space Technology Program as part of the Collaborative Decision Systems Project, and by ESMD's Exploration Technology Development Program as part of the Integrated Systems Health Management Project. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROSP COMPUT IN C JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 7 BP 464 EP 482 DI 10.2514/1.42783 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510GH UT WOS:000271075600003 ER PT J AU Metzger, PT Immer, CD Donahue, CM Vu, BT Latta, RC Deyo-Svendsen, M AF Metzger, Philip T. Immer, Christopher D. Donahue, Carly M. Vu, Bruce T. Latta, Robert C., III Deyo-Svendsen, Matthew TI Jet-Induced Cratering of a Granular Surface with Application to Lunar Spaceports SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article CT 2nd Workshop on Granular Materials in Lunar and Martian Exploration held at the 10th Biennial ASCE Conference CY MAR, 2006 CL Houston, TX SP ASCE ID EROSION AB The erosion of lunar soil by rocket exhaust plumes is investigated experimentally. This has identified the diffusion-driven flow in the bulk of the sand as an important but previously unrecognized mechanism for erosion dynamics. It has also shown that slow regime cratering is governed by the recirculation of sand in the widening geometry of the crater. Scaling relationships and erosion mechanisms have been characterized in detail for the slow regime. The diffusion-driven flow occurs in both slow and fast regime cratering. Because diffusion-driven flow had been omitted from the lunar erosion theory and from the pressure cratering theory of the Apollo and Viking era, those theories cannot be entirely correct. C1 [Metzger, Philip T.] NASA, Granular Mech & Surface Syst Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Immer, Christopher D.] ASRC Aerosp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Donahue, Carly M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Latta, Robert C., III] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Deyo-Svendsen, Matthew] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP Metzger, PT (reprint author), NASA, Granular Mech & Surface Syst Lab, KT D3, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM Philip.T.Metzger@nasa.gov RI Metzger, Philip/R-3136-2016 OI Metzger, Philip/0000-0002-6871-5358 NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 22 IS 1 BP 24 EP 32 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:1(24) PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 423UX UT WOS:000264522300005 ER PT J AU Hill, GA Kandil, OA Hahn, AS AF Hill, Geoffrey A. Kandil, Osama A. Hahn, Andrew S. TI Aerodynamic Investigations of an Advanced Over-the-Wing Nacelle Transport Aircraft Configuration SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 45th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 08-11, 2007 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut (AIAA) AB The transonic aerodynamics of an advanced, over-the-wing nacelle, subsonic transport configuration are assessed using both Eider and Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics and results are compared to a similar configuration with an under-the-wing nacelle installation and a similar wing-body configuration. The over-the-wing nacelle configuration is designed with a novel inboard wing channel section between the nacelle and the fuselage that produces favorable aerodynamic interference and reduces the overall drag. Qualitative observations and quantitative drag computations tire performed for the three configurations at a cruise Mach number of 0.78. It was found that, a( the cruise point, the inboard wing channel section of the over-the-wing nacelle configuration effectively produces a favorable pressure distribution but that the overall drag, compared to the under-the-wing nacelle configuration, is higher. This excess drag, however, was found to be largely localized in the nacelle interior. Eider and Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics solutions were obtained for additional Mach numbers to assess the transonic drag-rise characteristics. The computational fluid dynamics solutions showed that the over-the-wing nacelle configuration has higher drag at lower Mach numbers than the under-the-wing nacelle configuration but experiences a milder overall drag rise and has lower drag at higher Mach numbers. C1 [Hill, Geoffrey A.; Kandil, Osama A.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Hahn, Andrew S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeronaut Syst Anal Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Hill, GA (reprint author), 1011 Lockheed Way, Palmdale, CA 93599 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.2514/1.39730 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 406PT UT WOS:000263308100003 ER PT J AU Edwards, JW AF Edwards, John W. TI National Transonic Facility Model and Tunnel Vibrations SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID EXCITATION AB Since coming online in 1984, the National Transonic Facility cryogenic wind tunnel at the NASA Langley Research Center has provided unique high Reynolds number testing capability. Although turbulence levels in the tunnel, expressed in terms of percent of dynamic pressure, are typical of other transonic wind tunnels, the significantly increased load levels used to achieve flight Reynolds numbers, in conjunction with the unique structural design requirements for cryogenic operation, have brought forward the issue of model and model support-structure vibrations. This paper reports computational results and experimental measurements documenting aerodynamic and structural dynamics processes involved in such vibrations experienced in the National Transonic Facility. In particular, evidence of local unsteady airloads developed about the model support strut is shown and related to well-documented acoustic features known as Parker modes. Two-dimensional unsteady viscous computations illustrate this model support-structure loading mechanism. C1 [Edwards, John W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeroelast Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.2514/1.30080 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 406PT UT WOS:000263308100005 ER PT J AU Yang, WW Crow-Willard, EN Ponce, A AF Yang, W. -W. Crow-Willard, E. N. Ponce, A. TI Production and characterization of pure Clostridium spore suspensions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE production; quorum sensing; rapid techniques; spores (inc; endospores); waste water ID PUTREFACTIVE ANAEROBE; SPORULATION; PERFRINGENS; ACETOBUTYLICUM; BOTULINUM; STRESS; SOIL AB A general protocol was derived for optimizing the production of pure, high concentration Clostridium endospore suspensions. Two sporulation methods were developed that yielded high concentrations of notably pure Clostridium sporogenes, C. hungatei and C. GSA-1 (Greenland ice core isolate) spore suspensions (10 ml of 10(9) spores ml(-1) with > 99% purity each). Each method was derived by evaluating combinations of three sporulation conditions, including freeze drying of inocula, heat shock treatment of cultures, and subsequent incubation at suboptimal temperatures that yielded the highest percentage of sporulation. Pure spore suspensions were characterized in terms of dipicolinic acid content, culturability, decimal reduction time (D) value for heat inactivation (100 degrees C) and hydrophobicity. While some Clostridium species produce a high percentage of spores with heat shock treatment and suboptimal temperature incubation, other species require the additional step of freeze drying the inocula to achieve a high percentage of sporulation. Pure Clostridium spore suspensions are required for investigating species of medical and environmental importance. Defining the conditions for optimal spore production also provides insight into the underlying mechanisms of Clostridium sporulation. C1 [Crow-Willard, E. N.; Ponce, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ponce, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 183-301,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ponce@caltech.edu FU NASA's Exobiology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors would like to thank Dr Stephanie Connon for help in editing this manuscript. The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and was sponsored by NASA's Exobiology programme. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 106 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03931.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 394UK UT WOS:000262475600003 PM 19120612 ER PT J AU Qu, JJ Ambrose, SD AF Qu, John J. Ambrose, Stephen D. TI Recent Advances in Remote Sensing of Wildland Fires in the Eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Qu, John J.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, EastFIRE Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ambrose, Stephen D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Qu, JJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, EastFIRE Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jqu@gmu.edu; sambrose@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 3 AR 031599 DI 10.1117/1.3259883 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520VY UT WOS:000271878800001 ER PT J AU Soja, AJ Al-Saadi, J Giglio, L Randall, D Kittaka, C Pouliot, G Kordzi, JJ Raffuse, S Pace, TG Pierce, TE Moore, T Roy, B Pierce, RB Szykman, JJ AF Soja, Amber J. Al-Saadi, Jassim Giglio, Louis Randall, Dave Kittaka, Chieko Pouliot, George Kordzi, Joseph J. Raffuse, Sean Pace, Thompson G. Pierce, Thomas E. Moore, Tom Roy, Biswadev Pierce, R. Bradley Szykman, James J. TI Assessing satellite-based fire data for use in the National Emissions Inventory SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE biomass burning; remote sensing; area burned; Environmental Protection Agency; climate change; Arizona and Oregon ID CARBON AB Biomass burning is significant to emission estimates because: (1) it can be a major contributor of particulate matter and other pollutants; (2) it is one of the most poorly documented of all sources; (3) it can adversely affect human health; and (4) it has been identified as a significant contributor to climate change through feedbacks with the radiation budget. Additionally, biomass burning can be a significant contributor to a regions inability to achieve the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for PM 2.5 and ozone, particularly on the top 20% worst air quality days. The United States does not have a standard methodology to track fire occurrence or area burned, which are essential components to estimating fire emissions. Satellite imagery is available almost instantaneously and has great potential to enhance emission estimates and their timeliness. This investigation compares satellite-derived fire data to ground-based data to assign statistical error and helps provide confidence in these data. The largest fires are identified by all satellites and their spatial domain is accurately sensed. MODIS provides enhanced spatial and temporal information, and GOES ABBA data are able to capture more small agricultural fires. A methodology is presented that combines these satellite data in Near-Real-Time to produce a product that captures 81 to 92% of the total area burned by wildfire, prescribed, agricultural and rangeland burning. Each satellite possesses distinct temporal and spatial capabilities that permit the detection of unique fires that could be omitted if using data from only one satellite. C1 [Soja, Amber J.] NIA, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Giglio, Louis] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Randall, Dave] Air Sci Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kittaka, Chieko] NASA, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Pouliot, George; Pierce, Thomas E.] US EPA, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kordzi, Joseph J.; Roy, Biswadev] USEPA Reg 6, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. [Raffuse, Sean] STI, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Pace, Thompson G.] US EPA, OAQPS, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Moore, Tom] Colorado State Univ, WRAP, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Szykman, James J.] NASA, US EPA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Soja, AJ (reprint author), NIA, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd,MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Amber.J.Soja@nasa.gov; j.a.al-saadi@nasa.gov; louis_giglio@ssaihq.com; drandall@airsci.com; Chieko.Kittaka-1@nasa.gov; Pouliot.George@epamail.epa.gov; Kordzi.Joe@epamail.epa.gov; sraffuse@sonomatech.com; Pace.Tom@epamail.epa.gov; pierce.tom@epa.gov; MooreT@cira.colostate.edu; Roy.Dev@epamail.epa.gov; brad.pierce@noaa.gov; james.j.szykman@nasa.gov RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 3 SI SI AR 031504 DI 10.1117/1.3148859 PN 2 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520VY UT WOS:000271878800005 ER PT J AU Skinner, GK Freeman, GH AF Skinner, G. K. Freeman, G. H. TI Soccer matches as experiments: how often does the 'best' team win? SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE football; soccer; experiment design; Poisson statistics; Bayesian AB Models in which the number of goals scored by a team in a soccer match follow a Poisson distribution, or a closely related one, have been widely discussed. We here consider a soccer match as an experiment to assess which of two teams is superior and examine the probability that the outcome of the experiment (match) truly represents the relative abilities of the two teams. Given a final score, it is possible by using a Bayesian approach to quantify the probability that it was or was not the case that 'the best team won'. For typical scores, the probability of a misleading result is significant. Modifying the rules of the game to increase the typical number of goals scored would improve the situation, but a level of confidence that would normally be regarded as satisfactory could not be obtained unless the character of the game was radically changed. C1 [Skinner, G. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Skinner, G. K.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Skinner, G. K.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Freeman, G. H.] Univ Warwick, Dept Stat, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Skinner, GK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM skinner@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PY 2009 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1087 EP 1095 AR PII 915275365 DI 10.1080/02664760802715922 PG 9 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 498QC UT WOS:000270156000003 ER PT J AU Reppond, K De Oliveira, ACM Bechtel, PJ AF Reppond, Kermit De Oliveira, Alexandra C. M. Bechtel, Peter J. TI Enzymatic Digestion of Eye and Brain Tissues of Sockeye and Coho Salmon and Dusky Rockfish Commercially Harvested in Alaska SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lipids; salmon; rockfish; eyes; brain; fatty acids; enzymatic digestion ID MARINE FISH; FATTY-ACID; NUTRITION; ARTEMIA AB Potential feed ingredients with high lipid content were made by enzymatic digestion followed by centrifugation of eye tissue from dusky rockfish (Sebastes ciliatus), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), and brain tissue from sockeye salmon. Supernatant fractions contained significant levels of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid and were essentially pure triacyglycerides. For the digest of sockeye salmon brain tissue, the lipids were mainly composed of phospholipids (74%) and sterols (22%). Assays for amino acid profiles and mineral content of the precipitant layers were also performed. C1 [Reppond, Kermit] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [De Oliveira, Alexandra C. M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK USA. [Bechtel, Peter J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Reppond, K (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM kermit.d.reppond@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1049-8850 J9 J AQUAT FOOD PROD T JI J. Aquat. Food Prod. Technol. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 209 EP 222 DI 10.1080/10498850902740360 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 471ED UT WOS:000268037200003 ER PT J AU Meuleau, N Benazera, E Brafman, RI Hansen, EA Mausam AF Meuleau, Nicolas Benazera, Emmanuel Brafman, Ronen I. Hansen, Eric A. Mausam TI A Heuristic Search Approach to Planning with Continuous Resources in Stochastic Domains SO JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHM AB We consider the problem of optimal planning in stochastic domains with resource constraints, where the resources are continuous and the choice of action at each step depends on resource availability. We introduce the HAO* algorithm, a generalization of the AO* algorithm that performs search in a hybrid state space that is modeled using both discrete and continuous state variables, where the continuous variables represent monotonic resources. Like other heuristic search algorithms, HAO* leverages knowledge of the start state and an admissible heuristic to focus computational effort on those parts of the state space that could be reached from the start state by following an optimal policy. We show that this approach is especially effective when resource constraints limit how much of the state space is reachable. Experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness in the domain that motivates our research: automated planning for planetary exploration rovers. C1 [Meuleau, Nicolas] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Benazera, Emmanuel] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, LAAS, F-31077 Toulouse 4, France. [Brafman, Ronen I.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Comp Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Hansen, Eric A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Mausam] Univ Washington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Meuleau, N (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM NICOLAS.F.MEULEAU@NASA.GOV; EBENAZER@LAAS.FR; BRAFMAN@CS.BGU.AC.IL; HANSEN@CSE.MSSTATE.EDU; MAUSAM@CS.WASHINGTON.EDU FU NASA Intelligent Systems program [NRA2-38169]; Mississippi Space Grant Consortium; Lynn and William Frankel Center for Computer Science; Paul Ivanier Center for Robotics and Production Management; ISF [110707] FX This work was funded by the NASA Intelligent Systems program, grant NRA2-38169. Eric Hansen was supported in part by a NASA Summer Faculty Fellowship and by funding from the Mississippi Space Grant Consortium. This work was performed while Emmanuel Benazera was working at NASA Ames Research Center and Ronen Brafman was visiting NASA Ames Research Center, both as consultants for the Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science. Ronen Brafman was supported in part by the Lynn and William Frankel Center for Computer Science, the Paul Ivanier Center for Robotics and Production Management, and ISF grant # 110707. Nicolas Meuleau is a consultant of Carnegie Mellon University at NASA Ames Research Center. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI ACCESS FOUNDATION PI MARINA DEL REY PA USC INFORMATION SCIENCES INST, 4676 ADMIRALITY WAY, MARINA DEL REY, CA 90292-6695 USA SN 1076-9757 J9 J ARTIF INTELL RES JI J. Artif. Intell. Res. PY 2009 VL 34 BP 27 EP 59 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 403TE UT WOS:000263104100002 ER PT J AU Anghel, A Carrano, C Komjathy, A Astilean, A Letia, T AF Anghel, Adela Carrano, Charles Komjathy, Attila Astilean, Adina Letia, Tiberiu TI Kalman filter-based algorithms for monitoring the ionosphere and plasmasphere with GPS in near-real time SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Plasmasphere; Kalman filter; Data assimilation ID TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; MODEL SIMULATIONS; CORE PLASMA; PROTONOSPHERE; MAGNETOSPHERE; SYSTEM; JAPAN AB Data collected from a GPS receiver located at low latitudes in the American sector are used to investigate the performance of the WinTEC algorithm [Anghel et al., 2008a, Kalman filter-based algorithm for near realtime monitoring of the ionosphere using dual frequency GPS data, GPS Solutions, accepted for publication; for different ionospheric modeling techniques: the single-shell linear, quadratic, and cubic approaches, and the multi-shell linear approach. Our results indicate that the quadratic and cubic approaches perform much better than the single-shell and multi-shell linear approaches in terms of post-fit residuals. The performance of the algorithm for the cubic approach is then further tested by comparing the vertical TEC predicted by WinTEC and USTEC [Spencer et al., 2004. Ionospheric data assimilation methods for geodetic applications. In: Proceedings of IEEE PLANS, Monterey, CA, 26-29 April, pp. 510-517] at five North American stations. In addition, since the GPS-derived total electron content (TEC) contains contributions from both ionospheric and plasmaspheric sections of the GPS ray paths, in an effort to improve the accuracy of the TEC retrievals, a new data assimilation module that uses background information from an empirical plasmaspheric model [Gallagher et al., 1988. An empirical model of the Earth's plasmasphere. Advances in Space Research 8, (8)15-(8)24] has been incorporated into the WinTEC algorithm. The new Kalman filter-based algorithm estimates both the ionospheric and plasmaspheric electron contents, the combined satellite and receiver biases, and the estimation error covariance matrix, in a single-site or network solution. To evaluate the effect of the plasmaspheric component on the estimated biases and total TEC and to assess the performance of the newly developed algorithm, we compare the WinTEC results, with and without the plasmaspheric term included, at three GPS receivers located at different latitudes in the American sector, during a solar minimum period characterized by quiet and moderate geomagnetic conditions. We also investigate the consistency of our plasmaspheric results by taking advantage of the specific donut-shaped geometry of the plasmasphere and applying the technique at 12 stations distributed roughly over four geomagnetic latitudes and three longitude sectors. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Anghel, Adela] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Carrano, Charles] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Komjathy, Attila] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Astilean, Adina; Letia, Tiberiu] Tech Univ Cluj Napoca, Dept Comp Sci & Automat, Cluj Napoca, Romania. RP Anghel, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, NOAA CU Ctr Environm Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM adela.anghel@colorado.edu FU Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES); Graduate School at the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado FX A. Anghel would like to thank W. M. Lewis, R. Moore, and A. Gasiewski, and acknowledges financial support from Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) and Graduate School at the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 71 IS 1 BP 158 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.10.006 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 405BG UT WOS:000263196500016 ER PT J AU Mapes, B Bacmeister, J Khairoutdinov, M Hannay, C Zhao, M AF Mapes, Brian Bacmeister, Julio Khairoutdinov, Marat Hannay, Cecile Zhao, Ming TI Virtual Field Campaigns on Deep Tropical Convection in Climate Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LIFE-CYCLE; TOGA COARE; CLOUD; CIRCULATION; MESOSCALE; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; RAINFALL; BUDGETS AB High-resolution time-height data over warm tropical oceans are examined, from three global atmosphere models [GFDL's Atmosphere Model 2 (AM2), NCAR's Community Atmosphere Model, version 3 (CAM3), and a NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) model], field campaign observations, and observation-driven cloud model outputs. The character of rain events is shown in data samples and summarized in lagged regressions versus surface rain rate. The CAM3 humidity and cloud exhibit little vertical coherence among three distinct layers, and its rain events have a short characteristic time, reflecting the convection scheme's penetrative nature and its closure's concentrated sensitivity to a thin boundary layer source level. In contrast, AM2 rain variations have much longer time scales as convection scheme plumes whose entrainment gives them tops below 500 hPa interact with humidity variations in that layer. Plumes detraining at model levels above 500 hPa are restricted by cloud work function thresholds, and upper-tropospheric humidity and cloud layers fed by these are detached from the lower levels and are somewhat sporadic. With these discrete entrainment rates and instability thresholds, AM2 also produces some synthetic-looking noise (sharp features in height and time) on top of its slow rain variations. A distinctive feature of the NASA model is a separate anvil scheme, distinct from the main large-scale cloud scheme, fed by relaxed Arakawa-Schubert (RAS) plume ensemble convection (a different implementation than in AM2). Its variability is rich and vertically coherent, and involves a very strong vertical dipole component to its tropospheric heating variations, of both signs (limited-depth convective heating and top-heavy heating in strong deep events with significant nonconvective rain). Grid-scale saturation events occur in all three models, often without nonconvective surface rain, causing relatively rare episodes of large negative top-of-atmosphere cloud forcing. Overall, cloud forcing regressions show a mild net positive forcing by rain-correlated clouds in CAM3 and mild net cooling in the other models, as the residual of large canceling shortwave and longwave contributions. C1 [Mapes, Brian] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bacmeister, Julio] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Khairoutdinov, Marat] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hannay, Cecile] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Zhao, Ming] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Mapes, B (reprint author), RSMAS MPO, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mapes@miami.edu RI Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 22 IS 2 BP 244 EP 257 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2203.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 413IN UT WOS:000263786900004 ER PT J AU Czabaj, MW Zehnder, AT Chuang, KC AF Czabaj, Michael W. Zehnder, Alan T. Chuang, Kathy C. TI Blistering of Moisture Saturated Graphite/Polyimide Composites Due to Rapid Heating SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE polyimide; blistering; hygrothermal performance; steam pressure ID POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITES; CRACK-LIKE CAVITIES; PRESSURE; POLYIMIDE AB Polyimide matrices extend the role of composite materials to applications in extreme temperature environments. However, composites can be susceptible to damage under extreme hygrothermal environments such as rapid heating of moisture saturated materials. Here, rapid is defined as reaching high temperature in less than the drying time at that temperature. A new method to predict initiation of steam-pressure induced damage for rapidly heated neat resin and graphite/polyimide composites is proposed. This method entails comparing the calculated, available steam pressure within the laminate to an experimentally determined critical pressure-temperature envelope. Through experiments performed in a thermal mechanical analyzer it is shown that the onset of steam-induced damage can be detected by measuring the expansion of moisture-saturated specimens subjected to a rapid temperature ramp. Optical microscopy of damaged samples shows that the process of initiation and evolution of damage in neat resin and laminates begins with void growth and coalescence in the polyimide resin matrix. Data from tests performed over a range of heating rates and initial moisture saturations are used to develop a critical pressure-temperature envelope. With this envelope we show the dependence of damage on initial moisture content and heating rate and propose an application of this envelope to failure prediction and design of laminated structures subjected to rapid heating. C1 [Czabaj, Michael W.; Zehnder, Alan T.] Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chuang, Kathy C.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Czabaj, MW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, 212 Kimball Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mwc35@cornell.edu RI Zehnder, Alan/E-7458-2012 FU NASA Constellation University Institutes Project [NCC3-989] FX This study was funded through the NASA Constellation University Institutes Project, under grant NCC3-989 with Claudia Meyer as the project manager. The authors would like to thank Daniel A. Scheiman of ASRC Inc. for his efforts in running the TGA-FTIR measurements. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 153 EP 174 DI 10.1177/0021998308099323 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 390XB UT WOS:000262195900005 ER PT J AU Cox, MC Anilkumar, AV Grugel, RN Lee, CP AF Cox, Matthew C. Anilkumar, Amrutur V. Grugel, Richard N. Lee, Chun P. TI Effect of step-wise change in processing pressure on isolated pore growth during controlled directional solidification in small channels SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Bubble dynamics; Directional solidification; Interfaces; Porosity; Microgravity conditions ID UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; CELLULAR METALS; POROUS COPPER; POROSITY; FABRICATION; INTERFACE; BUBBLES; ZONE AB Directional solidification experiments were performed using succinonitrile saturated with nitrogen gas to examine the effects of in situ processing pressure changes on the formation, growth, and evolution of an isolated, cylindrical gaseous pore. A novel solidification facility capable of processing small cylindrical samples (I.D. <= 1.0 mm), under controlled pressure conditions, was developed for the experiments. A new experimental method for growing the isolated pore from a seed bubble is introduced. The experimental results indicate that a step-wise processing pressure change will result in either a transient change in pore diameter or a complete termination of pore growth, demonstrating that pressure changes can be used as a control parameter to influence bubble growth. During steady-state growth, however, pore size shows no dependence on processing pressure. A simple analytical model has been introduced to explain the experimental observations. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cox, Matthew C.; Anilkumar, Amrutur V.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37210 USA. [Grugel, Richard N.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Lee, Chun P.] Craft Tech Inc, Huntsville, AL 35801 USA. RP Anilkumar, AV (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37210 USA. EM anil@vuse.vanderbilt.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNM07AA82P/NASA MSFC] FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Brien Blandford for assistance with the experiments, and Dr. Louise Strutzenberg for providing the high-purity succinonitrile samples. The work described in this paper was conducted at Vanderbilt University, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNM07AA82P/NASA MSFC). NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 311 IS 2 BP 327 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.11.055 PG 10 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 412CH UT WOS:000263700300022 ER PT J AU Saleh, JH Mark, G Jordan, NC AF Saleh, Joseph H. Mark, Gregory Jordan, Nicole C. TI Flexibility: a multi-disciplinary literature review and a research agenda for designing flexible engineering systems SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING DESIGN LA English DT Article DE flexibility; design; manufacturing systems; real options; decision theory ID PRODUCT FAMILY DESIGN; MANUFACTURING FLEXIBILITY; MASS CUSTOMIZATION; DECISION-MAKING; FRAMEWORK; PERSPECTIVE; ROBUSTNESS; SPACECRAFT; CAPABILITY; AIRCRAFT AB Flexibility, despite its popularity, is not yet an academically mature concept - compared with optimality and robustness, for example. Flexibility is nevertheless recognised as a critical attribute of a system, a process, or an organisation; it is needed in order to cope with uncertainty and change, and implies an ability to change and adapt to a range of conditions. An interesting observation has been made that the concept of flexibility is today where the notion of quality was some 20 years ago, 'vague and difficult to improve, yet critical to competitiveness'. In this paper, we review the concept of flexibility as discussed in a number of academic disciplines that have grappled with this concept, and highlight the major themes, challenges, and limitations in each case. We analyse flexibility in the context of decision theory, real options, manufacturing systems, and engineering design. We also provide a critical assessment of the use and abuse of the word flexibility in the technical literature. Finally, we propose a series of research questions that can help transform flexibility into a quantifiable engineering attribute and grow this concept to the level of maturity of optimisation and robustness in system design. C1 [Saleh, Joseph H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jordan, Nicole C.] NASA, Houston, TX USA. [Mark, Gregory] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Saleh, JH (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jsaleh@gatech.edu NR 71 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-4828 J9 J ENG DESIGN JI J. Eng. Des. PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 307 EP 323 AR PII 791784206 DI 10.1080/09544820701870813 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 445ZF UT WOS:000266089300005 ER PT J AU Dykas, B Bruckner, R DellaCorte, C Edmonds, B Prahl, J AF Dykas, Brian Bruckner, Robert DellaCorte, Christopher Edmonds, Brian Prahl, Joseph TI Design, Fabrication, and Performance of Foil Gas Thrust Bearings for Microturbomachinery Applications SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB A methodology for the design and construction of simple foil thrust bearings intended for parametric performance testing and low marginal costs is presented. Features drawn from a review of the open literature are discussed as they relate to bearing performance. The design of fixtures and tooling required to fabricate foil thrust bearings is presented, using conventional machining processes where possible. A prototype bearing with dimensions drawn from literature is constructed, with all fabrication steps described. A load-deflection curve for the bearing is presented to illustrate structural stiffness characteristics. Start-stop cycles are performed on the bearing at a temperature of 425 degrees C to demonstrate early-life wear patterns. A test of bearing load capacity demonstrates useful performance when compared with data obtained from the open literature. [DOI: 10.1115/1.2966418] C1 [Dykas, Brian] USA, Res Lab, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Bruckner, Robert; DellaCorte, Christopher; Edmonds, Brian] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Dykas, B (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2009 VL 131 IS 1 AR 012301 DI 10.1115/1.2966418 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 442KW UT WOS:000265841100010 ER PT J AU Bajracharya, M Howard, A Matthies, LH Tang, B Turmon, M AF Bajracharya, Max Howard, Andrew Matthies, Larry H. Tang, Benyang Turmon, Michael TI Autonomous Off-Road Navigation with End-to-End Learning for the LAGR Program SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS LA English DT Article ID TERRAIN CLASSIFICATION; ROBOT NAVIGATION; TRAVERSABILITY; ONLINE; LADAR; SLIP AB We describe a fully integrated real-time system for autonomous off-road navigation that uses end-to-end learning from onboard proprioceptive sensors, operator input, and stereo cameras to adapt to local terrain and extend terrain classification into the far field to avoid myopic behavior. The system consists of two learning algorithms: a short-range, geometry-based local terrain classifier that learns from very few proprioceptive examples and is robust in many off-road environments; and a long-range, image-based classifier that learns from geometry-based classification and continuously generalizes geometry to appearance, making it effective even in complex terrain and varying lighting conditions. In addition to presenting the learning algorithms, we describe the system architecture and results from the Learning Applied to Ground Robots (LAGR) program's field tests. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Bajracharya, Max; Howard, Andrew; Matthies, Larry H.; Tang, Benyang; Turmon, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bajracharya, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM maxb@robotics.jpl.nasa.gov FU DARPA LAGR; NASA FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, with funding from the DARPA LAGR program through an agreement with NASA. The authors would like to thank the LAGR Government Team for running and providing data from the monthly field tests. NR 40 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1556-4959 J9 J FIELD ROBOT JI J. Field Robot. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 26 IS 1 BP 3 EP 25 DI 10.1002/rob.20269 PG 23 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 389LS UT WOS:000262094800002 ER PT J AU Marks, TK Howard, A Bajracharya, M Cottrell, GW Matthies, LH AF Marks, Tim K. Howard, Andrew Bajracharya, Max Cottrell, Garrison W. Matthies, Larry H. TI Gamma-SLAM: Visual SLAM in Unstructured Environments Using Variance Grid Maps SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS LA English DT Article ID SIMULTANEOUS LOCALIZATION; EFFICIENT AB This paper describes an online stereo visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm developed for the Learning Applied to Ground Robotics (LAGR) program. The Gamma-SLAM algorithm uses a Rao-Blackwellized particle filter to obtain a joint posterior over poses and maps: the pose distribution is estimated using a particle filter, and each particle has its own map that is obtained through exact filtering conditioned on the particle's pose. Visual odometry is used to provide good proposal distributions for the particle filter, and maps are represented using a Cartesian grid. Unlike previous grid-based SLAM algorithms, however, the Gamma-SLAM map maintains a posterior distribution over the elevation variance in each cell. This variance grid map can capture rocks, vegetation, and other objects that are typically found in unstructured environments but are not well modeled by traditional occupancy or elevation grid maps. The algorithm runs in real time on conventional processors and has been evaluated for both qualitative and quantitative accuracy in three outdoor environments over trajectories totaling 1,600 m in length. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Marks, Tim K.; Cottrell, Garrison W.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Howard, Andrew; Bajracharya, Max; Matthies, Larry H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Marks, TK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM tkmarks@cs.ucsd.edu; andrew.howard@jpl.nasa.gov; max.bajracharya@jpl.nasa.gov; gary@cs.ucsd.edu; larry.matthies@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Science Foundation [SBE-0542013]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration. FX This work was performed for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology, and was sponsored by the DARPA LAGR program through an agreement with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. G.WC. is supported in part by National Science Foundation grant SBE-0542013. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1556-4959 EI 1556-4967 J9 J FIELD ROBOT JI J. Field Robot. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 26 EP 51 DI 10.1002/rob.20273 PG 26 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 389LS UT WOS:000262094800003 ER PT J AU Herman, JR Labow, G Hsu, NC Larko, D AF Herman, J. R. Labow, G. Hsu, N. C. Larko, D. TI Changes in cloud and aerosol cover (1980-2006) from reflectivity time series using SeaWiFS, N7-TOMS, EP-TOMS, SBUV-2, and OMI radiance data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SPACE-BASED MEASUREMENTS; EARTHS SURFACE; TOTAL OZONE; SATELLITE ESTIMATION; UV REFLECTIVITY; DATA PRODUCTS; ULTRAVIOLET; RADIATION; TRENDS; TEMPERATURE AB The amount of solar radiation reflected back to space or reaching the Earth's surface is primarily governed by the amount of cloud cover and, to a much lesser extent, by Rayleigh scattering, aerosols, and various absorbing gases (e.g., O-3, NO2, H2O). A useful measure of the effect of cloud plus aerosol cover is given by the amount that the 331 nm Lambert Equivalent Reflectivity (LER) of a scene exceeds the surface reflectivity for snow/ice-free scenes after Rayleigh scattering has been removed. Twenty-eight years of reflectivity data are available by overlapping data from several satellites: N7 (Nimbus 7, TOMS; 331 nm) from 1979 to 1992, SBUV-2 series (Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet, NOAA; 331 nm) 1985 to 2007, EP (Earth-Probe, TOMS; 331 nm) 1997 to 2006, SW (SeaWiFS; 412 nm) 1998 to 2006, and OMI (Ozone Measuring Instrument; 331 nm) 2004-2007. Only N7 and SW have a sufficiently long data record, Sun-synchronous orbits, and are adequately calibrated for long-term reflectivity trend estimation. Reflectivity data derived from these instruments and the SBUV-2 series are compared during the overlapping years. Key issues in determining long-term reflectivity changes that have occurred during the N7 and SW operating periods are discussed. The largest reflectivity changes in the 412 nm SW LER and 331 nm EP LER are found to occur near the equator and are associated with a large El Nino-Southern Oscillation event. Most other changes that have occurred are regional, such as the apparent cloud decrease over northern Europe since 1998. The fractional occurrence (fraction of days) of high reflectivity values over Hudson Bay, Canada (snow/ice and clouds) appears to have decreased when comparing reflectivity data from 1980 to 1992 to 1997-2006, suggesting shorter duration of ice in Hudson Bay since 1980. C1 [Herman, J. R.; Hsu, N. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Labow, G.; Larko, D.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Herman, JR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jay.r.herman@nasa.gov RI Hsu, N. Christina/H-3420-2013; OI Herman, Jay/0000-0002-9146-1632 NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D01201 DI 10.1029/2007JD009508 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 390ND UT WOS:000262170100001 ER PT J AU Thomas, R Frederick, E Krabill, W Manizade, S Martin, C AF Thomas, R. Frederick, E. Krabill, W. Manizade, S. Martin, C. TI Recent changes on Greenland outlet glaciers SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; ICE-SHEET; JAKOBSHAVN ISBRAE; WEST GREENLAND; SURFICIAL GLACIOLOGY; ELEVATION CHANGES; LASER ALTIMETRY; EAST GREENLAND; ACCELERATION; ANTARCTICA AB Aircraft laser-altimeter surveys during the 1990s showed near-coastal parts of the Greenland ice sheet to be thinning; despite slow thickening at higher elevations, the ice sheet lost mass to the ocean. Many outlet glaciers thinned more rapidly than could be explained by increased melting during the recent warmer summers, indicating dynamic imbalance between glacier velocity and upstream snow accumulation. Results from more recent surveys, presented here, show that thinning rates have increased in most coastal regions. For almost half of the surveys, these increases might have resulted from increases in summer melting, but rapid thinning on others is indicative of dynamic changes that increased with time. In particular, thinning rates on the three fastest glaciers increased to tens of m a(-1) after 2000, and other observations show an approximate doubling in their velocities. The deep beds of these glaciers appear to have a strong influence on rates of grounding-line retreat and thickness change, with periods of glacier acceleration and rapid thinning initiated by flotation and break-up of lightly grounded glacier snouts or break-up of floating ice tongues. Near-simultaneous thinning of these widely separated glaciers suggests that warming of deeper ocean waters might be a common cause. Nearby glaciers without deep beds are thinning far more slowly, suggesting that basal lubrication as a result of increased surface melting has only a marginal impact on Greenland outlet-glacier acceleration C1 [Thomas, R.; Frederick, E.; Manizade, S.; Martin, C.] NASA, EG&G Serv, Wallops Flight Ctr, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Thomas, R (reprint author), NASA, EG&G Serv, Wallops Flight Ctr, Code 614,Bldg N-159, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. EM robert_thomas@hotmail.com NR 47 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 14 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2009 VL 55 IS 189 BP 147 EP 162 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 469RP UT WOS:000267918200014 ER PT J AU Muskett, RR Lingle, CS Sauber, JM Post, AS Tangborn, WV Rabus, BT Echelmeyer, KA AF Muskett, Reginald R. Lingle, Craig S. Sauber, Jeanne M. Post, Austin S. Tangborn, Wendell V. Rabus, Bernhard T. Echelmeyer, Keith A. TI Airborne and spaceborne DEM- and laser altimetry-derived surface elevation and volume changes of the Bering Glacier system, Alaska, USA, and Yukon, Canada, 1972-2006 SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADAR TOPOGRAPHY MISSION; SUBGLACIAL WATER-SYSTEM; MALASPINA GLACIER; SHUTTLE RADAR; SAR DATA; SURGE; ASTER; ICE; STORAGE; MODELS AB Using airborne and spaceborne high-resolution digital elevation models and laser altimetry, we present estimates of interannual and multi-decadal surface elevation changes on the Bering Glacier system, Alaska, USA, and Yukon, Canada, from 1972 to 2006. We find: (1) the rate of lowering during 1972-95 was 0.9 +/- 0.1 m a(-1); (2) this rate accelerated to 3.0 +/- 0.7 m a(-1) during 1995-2000; and (3) during 2000-03 the lowering rate was 1.5 +/- 0.4 m a(-1). From 1972 to 2003, 70% of the area of the system experienced a volume loss of 191 +/- 17 km(3), which was an area-average surface elevation lowering of 1.7 +/- 0.2 m a(-1). From November 2004 to November 2006, surface elevations across Bering Glacier, from McIntosh Peak on the south to Waxell Ridge on the north, rose as much as 53 m. Up-glacier on Bagley Ice Valley about 10 km east of juniper Island nunatak, surface elevations lowered as much as 28 m from October 2003 to October 2006. NASA Terra/MODIS observations from May to September 2006 indicated muddy outburst floods from the Bering terminus into Vitus Lake. This suggests basal-englacial hydrologic storage changes were a contributing factor in the surface elevation changes in the fall of 2006. C1 [Muskett, Reginald R.; Lingle, Craig S.; Echelmeyer, Keith A.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Sauber, Jeanne M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20902 USA. [Tangborn, Wendell V.] HyMet Inc, Vashon, WA 98070 USA. [Rabus, Bernhard T.] MacDonald Dettwiler, Richmond, BC V6V 2J3, Canada. RP Muskett, RR (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM rmuskett@iarc.uaf.edu RI Sauber, Jeanne/D-7684-2012 FU NASA [NAG5-11336, NAG5-12914, NAG5-13760, NAG5-9901, NNG04GH64G, 00241-311]; US National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) [NMA501-03-1-2026]; US National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs Arctic Natural Sciences [ARC-0612537] FX We thank the NASA Cryosphere Sciences Program for supporting grants NAG5-11336, NAG5-12914, NAG5-13760 and NAG5-9901; the Interdisciplinary Science in the NASA Earth Science Enterprise for support with grant NNG04GH64G; the NASA Scientific Data Purchase Program for funding the acquisition and processing of the Bagley Ice Valley DEM by Intermap Technologies, Inc. (project No. 00241-311); H. Gansen, T. Kuuskivi and the engineers and technicians of Intermap for their excellent work; the DLR's S. Dech and A. Roth for supporting outside-schedule processing of the SRTM X-band data over southern Alaska, and W. Knoepfle for providing assistance during mosaicking of the SRTM X-band DEM; and the NASA Scientific Data Purchase Program for funding acquisition and processing by Intermap Technologies, Inc. of the Bagley Ice Valley and Malaspina Glacier system DEMs. We thank the US National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA, formerly the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA)) for supporting this work with University Research Initiative (NURI) grant NMA501-03-1-2026; and the US National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs Arctic Natural Sciences for supporting this work through grant ARC-0612537. We thank NASAs Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite project and the US National Snow and Ice Data Center for providing ICESat data and visualization computer programs. We thank C. Larson for discussions and for making available the aerial photography of Bering Glacier he acquired during the spring 2007 field season, and K. Engle for assistance with SAR processing of ERS-1/-2 tandem mission datasets in an early phase of this research and acquiring NASA Terra/MODIS imagery. We thank I Logan, now with the Alaska Region Supercomputing Center, who as a technician at the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF) played the lead role in developing the first generation of synthetic aperture radar processing tools (at ASF) for UNIX-based computer systems. We thank R. Guritz of ASF. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency is thanked for computer facility support at the International Arctic Research Center. The Geogaphic Information Network of Alaska (K. Engle) provided the NASA Terra/MODIS imagery. We thank A. Arendt and P. Clause (pilot) for the small-aircraft altimetry acquired in August 2003. Support for J. Sauber was provided by the NASA Earth Surface and Interior program. R. Muskett thanks the International Arctic Research Center for facility support. An anonymous reviewer is thanked for constructive comments. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2009 VL 55 IS 190 BP 316 EP 326 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 544RK UT WOS:000273676500011 ER PT J AU Russell, RP Sttange, NJ AF Russell, Ryan P. Sttange, Nathan J. TI Cycler Trajectories in Planetary Moon Systems SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 17th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2007 CL Sedona, AZ SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID EARTH-MARS CYCLERS; FREE-RETURN TRAJECTORIES; ENCELADUS AB Free-return cycler trajectories repeatedly shuttle a spacecraft between two bodies using little or no fuel. Here, the cycler architecture is proposed as a complementary and alternative method for designing planetary moon tours. Previously applied enumerative cycler search and optimization techniques are generalized and specifically implemented in the Jovian and Saturnian moon systems. Overall, hundreds of ideal model ballistic cycler geometries are found and several representative cases are documented and discussed. Many of the ideal model solutions are found to remain ballistic in a zero radius sphere of influence patched conic ephemeris model, and preliminary work in a high-fidelity fully integrated model demonstrates near-ballistic cycles for several example cases. In the context of recent Cassini discoveries, the Saturn-Titan-Enceladus system is investigated in the most detail and many promising solutions result. Several of the high-energy Titan-Enceladus cyclers find immediate application as Cassini extended missions options that provide frequent low-altitude Enceladus flybys. C1 [Russell, Ryan P.; Sttange, Nathan J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Russell, RP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, 270 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ryan.russell@gatech.edu; nathan.strange@jpl.nasa.gov NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 143 EP 157 DI 10.2514/1.36610 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 395AR UT WOS:000262494900012 ER PT J AU Paielli, RA Erberger, H Chiu, D Heere, KR AF Paielli, Russell A. Erberger, Heinz Chiu, Danny Heere, Karen R. TI Tactical Conflict Alerting Aid for Air Traffic Controllers SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB The Tactical Separation-Assisted Flight Environment (TSAFE) is designed to alert air traffic controllers to imminent conflicts (predicted loss of separation within approximately 3 minutes). It generates constant-velocity ("dead-reckoning") trajectory predictions similar to those generated by Conflict Alert, the legacy system that currently performs the tactical alerting function in the United States. Unlike Conflict Alert, however, it also generates predictions based on pilot intent as specified in the latest flight-plan route and assigned altitude. The intended route is not always known, however, because controllers sometimes neglect to enter route amendments into the host computer. Hence, both the constant-velocity predictions and the flight-plan-based predictions are checked for conflicts. To reduce false alerts, the time horizons of the two predicted routes are a function of the degree of conformance to the current flight-plan route. Alerting performance was tested using archived tracking data for 100 actual operational errors, and TSAFE was found to provide timely warnings significantly more consistently than Conflict Alert. When tested on a sample of general traffic data, TSAFE was found to produce substantially fewer false alerts than Conflict Alert. C1 [Paielli, Russell A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Erberger, Heinz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Chiu, Danny; Heere, Karen R.] Univ Affiliated Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Paielli, RA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, AFC 210-10, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Russ.Paielli@nasa.gov; Heinz.Erzberger@nasa.gov; Danny.D.Chiu@nasa.gov; Karen.R.Heere@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 184 EP 193 DI 10.2514/1.36449 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 395AR UT WOS:000262494900015 ER PT J AU Schultz, JK Baker, JD Toonen, RJ Bowen, BW AF Schultz, Jennifer K. Baker, Jason D. Toonen, Robert J. Bowen, Brian W. TI Extremely Low Genetic Diversity in the Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; POPULATION BOTTLENECKS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; MAMMALIAN POPULATIONS; CONSERVATION GENETICS; ISLAND POPULATION; COMPUTER-PROGRAM AB Hunted to near extinction in the late 19th century, the endangered and endemic Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) exhibits low variation at all molecular markers tested to date. Here we confirm extreme paucity of genetic diversity, finding polymorphisms at only 8 of 154 microsatellite loci tested (143 novel species-specific loci, 10 loci from Antarctic seals, and 1 previously characterized locus). This screening revealed unprecedentedly low levels of allelic diversity and heterozygosity (A = 1.1, H-e = 0.026). Subsequent analyses of 2409 Hawaiian monk seals at the 8 polymorphic loci provide evidence for a bottleneck (P = 0.002), but simulations indicate low genetic diversity (H-e < 0.09) prior to recorded human influence. There is little indication of contemporary inbreeding (F-IS = 0.018) or population structure (K = 1 population). Minimal genetic variation did not prevent partial recovery by the late 1950s and may not be driving the current population decline to similar to 1200 seals. Nonetheless, genotyping nearly every individual living during the past 25 years sets a new benchmark for low genetic diversity in an endangered species. C1 [Schultz, Jennifer K.; Toonen, Robert J.; Bowen, Brian W.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Schultz, Jennifer K.; Toonen, Robert J.; Bowen, Brian W.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Schultz, JK (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM jschultz@hawaii.edu RI Toonen, Rob/K-2891-2012 OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340 FU National Science Foundation [IGE05-49514, EPS02-37065, DGE02-32016, OCE-0453167, OCE-0623678]; Environmental Protection Agency [STAR-U916136]; Marine Mammal Commission Research Grant [GS00M04PDM0027]; Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Maybelle Roth Fellowship; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve FX National Science Foundation (IGE05-49514 to J.K.S. via B. A. Wilcox, EPS02-37065 to J.K.S. via J.C. Leong, DGE02-32016 to J.K.S. via K.Y. Kaneshiro, OCE-0453167 to B.W.B., OCE-0623678 to R.J.T.); Environmental Protection Agency (STAR-U916136 to J.K.S.); Marine Mammal Commission Research Grant (GS00M04PDM0027 to R.J.T., J.K.S., and B. W. B.); Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Maybelle Roth Fellowship (to J.K.S.), Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve (to J.K.S.). NR 75 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 50 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 100 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1093/jhered/esn077 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 386RX UT WOS:000261901400004 PM 18815116 ER PT J AU Guo, HQ Nguyen, BN McCorkle, LS Shonkwiler, B Meador, MAB AF Guo, Haiquan Nguyen, Baochau N. McCorkle, Linda S. Shonkwiler, Brian Meador, Mary Ann B. TI Elastic low density aerogels derived from bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]disulfide, tetramethylorthosilicate and vinyltrimethoxysilane via a two-step process SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-INORGANIC MATERIALS; LINKED SILICA AEROGELS; AMINE-MODIFIED SILICA; STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; POROUS 3D NANOSTRUCTURES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BRIDGED POLYSILSESQUIOXANES; SOL; POLYSTYRENE; XEROGELS AB A series of low density, porous structures were prepared using bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]disulfide (BTSPD), tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) as precursors via a two-step (acid-base) sol-gel process followed by supercritical CO(2) extraction. Using statistical experimental design methodology and empirical modelling, the concentrations of BTSPD, TMOS and VTMS were varied in the production of the monoliths and found to have a significant effect on their bulk density, porosity, BET surface areas, hydrophobicity and mechanical properties. Increasing the TMOS concentration significantly increases the surface area and Young's modulus while higher VTMS concentration improves hydrophobicity and higher BTSPD concentration leads to increased elastic recovery after compression. Optimized aerogels produced in the study have a combination of high Young's modulus, good hydrophobicity and near complete recovery after compression in agreement with model predictions. C1 [Guo, Haiquan; Nguyen, Baochau N.; McCorkle, Linda S.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH USA. [Shonkwiler, Brian] Clark Atlanta Univ, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. [Meador, Mary Ann B.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Guo, HQ (reprint author), Ohio Aerosp Inst, 22800 Cedar Point Rd, Cleveland, OH USA. EM HaiquanGuo@oai.org; maryann.meador@nasa.gov OI Meador, Mary Ann/0000-0003-2513-7372 FU NASA FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the NASA Innovative Partnerships Program and the Fundamental Aeronautics Program. We also thank Daniel Scheiman ( ASRC) for helium pycnometry measurements and Anna Palczer for nitrogen sorption measurements. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 47 BP 9054 EP 9062 DI 10.1039/b916355g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 524KJ UT WOS:000272141900020 ER PT J AU Sun, XL Krainak, MA Hasselbrack, WE Rue, RAL Sykora, DF AF Sun, Xiaoli Krainak, Michael A. Hasselbrack, William E. Rue, Ross A. La Sykora, Derek F. TI Single-photon counting at 950-1300 nm: using InGaAsP photocathode-GaAs avalanche diode hybrid photomultiplier tubes SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Single-Photon Detectors CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Turin, ITALY SP SINPHONIA HO Ist Nazl Ric Metrol DE photon counting; PMT; APD ID QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; PHOTODIODE AB We describe the single-photon counting performance of a hybrid photomultiplier tube (HPMT) near-infrared (950-1300 nm) detector with a transfered electron InGaAsP photocathode and a GaAs Schottky avalanche diode anode. These devices have a lower photoelectron multiplication gain than conventional photomultiplier tubes, but offer a greater linear dynamic range and electrical bandwidth. With the use of a low-noise preamplifier, they can detect single photons with a greater than 20% quantum efficiency (QE) and a reasonably low dark-noise count rate. The avalanche diode at the anode operates in a low gain analog mode and has no afterpulsing. As a result, these HPMTs can detect single photons continuously at high count rates without gating. The relatively large photocathode active area (1 mm diameter) is also attractive to many applications including laser altimetry, ranging, and free-space communications through the atmosphere. We measured 25% photocathode QE and nearly the same single-photon detection efficiency at 1064 nm wavelength with a dark count rate of 60,000 per second at -22C. The output pulse width in response to single-photon detection is about 0.8 ns. The maximum count rate exceeded 100 million counts per second and was limited only by the speed of the electronics. The rms timing jitter of the HPMT output was measured to be about 0.5 ns. The jitter is dominated by the electron diffusion time within the photocathode and can be improved by reducing the photocathode thickness at a small loss in photocathode QE. We evaluated several of these HPMTs and detailed measurement results are reported in this paper. C1 [Sun, Xiaoli; Krainak, Michael A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hasselbrack, William E.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA. [Rue, Ross A. La; Sykora, Derek F.] Intevac Inc, Santa Clara, CA USA. RP Sun, XL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM xiaoli.sun-1@nasa.gov RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2-3 BP 284 EP 295 AR PII 907902274 DI 10.1080/09500340802364352 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 413UV UT WOS:000263818900018 ER PT J AU Zwart, SR Kala, G Smith, SM AF Zwart, Sara R. Kala, Geeta Smith, Scott M. TI Body Iron Stores and Oxidative Damage in Humans Increased during and after a 10-to 12-Day Undersea Dive SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TRANSFERRIN-BOUND IRON; RED-BLOOD-CELL; SPACE-FLIGHT; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; HYPERBARIC-OXYGEN; SATURATION DIVE; WHOLE-BLOOD; DNA-DAMAGE; STRESS; HOMOCYSTEINE AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO) underwater habitat is a useful analogue for spaceflight. However, the increased air pressure in the habitat exposes crewmembers to higher oxygen pressures, which increases their risk for oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. Studies from a previous NEEMO mission suggested that DNA oxidation occurs at an increased level, similar to that in smokers and astronauts returning from space. Astronauts in space and NEEMO crewmembers also have similar changes in iron metabolism. Newly formed RBC are destroyed and body iron stores are elevated. Because excess iron can act as an oxidant and cause tissue damage, we investigated aspects of oxidative damage and tested whether toxic forms of iron were present when iron stores increased during NEEMO missions. Subjects (n = 12) participated in 10- to 12-d saturation dives, and blood and 24-h urine samples were collected twice before, twice during, and twice after the dive. During the dive, ferritin was higher (P < 0.001), transferrin was lower (P < 0.001), and transferrin receptors were lower (P < 0.01). Serum iron was higher during and immediately after the dive (P < 0.001). Total homocysteine (P < 0.001) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P < 0.05) activity were affected by time; homocysteine increased during the dive and SOD decreased during and after the dive. Labile plasma iron was measurable only during the dive. These data indicate that the NEEMO environment increases body iron stores and labile forms of iron, which may contribute to oxidative damage. J. Nutr. 139: 90-95, 2009. C1 [Zwart, Sara R.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Kala, Geeta] Enterprise Advisory Serv Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Smith, Scott M.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Zwart, SR (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM sara.zwart-1@nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Human Research Program FX Supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Human Research Program. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 139 IS 1 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.3945/jn.108.097592 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 384XI UT WOS:000261777100016 PM 19056648 ER PT J AU Cohen, PA Bradley, A Knoll, AH Grotzinger, JP Jensen, S Abelson, J Hand, K Love, G Metz, J Mcloughlin, N Meister, P Shepard, R Tice, M Wilson, JP AF Cohen, P. A. Bradley, A. Knoll, A. H. Grotzinger, J. P. Jensen, S. Abelson, J. Hand, K. Love, G. Metz, J. Mcloughlin, N. Meister, P. Shepard, R. Tice, M. Wilson, J. P. TI TUBULAR COMPRESSION FOSSILS FROM THE EDIACARAN NAMA GROUP, NAMIBIA SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EAST EUROPEAN PLATFORM; SOUTH-WEST-AFRICA; DOUSHANTUO FORMATION; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; PROTEROZOIC OCEAN; PYRITE FORMATION; FORELAND BASIN; CHINA; EVOLUTION; PRESERVATION AB Abundant tubular macrofossils occur in finely laminated siltstones and shales of the 548-542 Ma Schwarzrand Subgroup. Nama Group, Namibia. The Nama tubes occur in both the Vingerbreek and Feldschuhhorn members commonly in dense populations and always in fine-grained, lower shore-face lithologies deposited below fair-weather wave base. The tubes are preserved mostly as compressed casts and molds that range in width from 0.6 to 2.1 mm: apparently incomplete specimens reach lengths up to 10 cm. All specimens show sinuous bending and occasional brittle fracture, indicating an original construction of strong but flexible organic matter. Feldschuhhorn specimens preserve fine longitudinal pleats or folds that record pliant organic walls, but the older Vingerbreek Populations do not. Similarly. some specimens in the Feldschuhhorn Member display branching. while Vingerbreek tubes do not. The abundant Feldschuhhorn tubes are assigned to the widespread Ediacaran problematicum Vendotaertia antiqua: however, the distinctive Vingerbreek population remains in open nomenclature. The most abundant fossils in Nama rocks, these tubes resemble populations in Ediacaran successions front Russia. China. Spain, and elsewhere. Beyond their local importance, then. such tubes may turn Out to be the most abundant record of Ediacaran life. C1 [Cohen, P. A.; Wilson, J. P.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bradley, A.; Knoll, A. H.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Grotzinger, J. P.; Metz, J.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jensen, S.] Univ Extremadura, Fac Ciencias, Area Paleontol, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain. [Abelson, J.] CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hand, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Love, G.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Mcloughlin, N.] Univ Bergen, Ctr Geobiol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Meister, P.] Max Planck Inst Marine Microbiol, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Shepard, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tice, M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Cohen, PA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pacohen@fas.harvard.edu; bradley@fas.harvard.edu; aknoll@oeb.harvard.edu; grotz@gps.caltech.edu; soren@unex.es; jabelson@biochem.ucsf.edu; khand@jpl.nasa.gov; glove@ucr.edu; joannah@its.caltech.edu; Nicola.Mcloughlin@geo.uib.no; pmeister@mpi-bremen.de; shepard@geology.ucdavis.edu; tice@geo.tamu.edu; jpwilson@fas.harvard.edu RI Bradley, Alexander/A-9391-2009; Jensen, Soren/H-9126-2015; OI Bradley, Alexander/0000-0002-4044-2802; Jensen, Soren/0000-0001-5136-9586; McLoughlin, Nicola/0000-0003-0410-5160 FU National Science Foundation [ECS-0335765]; Ministry of Education and Science (MEC) [CGL 2004-02967] FX which is Supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF award no. ECS-0335765. Jensen acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (MEC) through the program "Ramon y Cajal," the grant CGL 2004-02967 [cofinanced with Fondo Europeo de Desarrolla Regional (FEDER)]. NR 69 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-3360 EI 1937-2337 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 83 IS 1 BP 110 EP 122 DI 10.1666/09-040R.1 PG 13 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 395XV UT WOS:000262557700009 ER PT J AU Liang, MTC Lewis, KM Spalding, TW Arnaud, SB AF Liang, Michael T. C. Lewis, Kevin M. Spalding, Thomas W. Arnaud, Sara B. TI BONE BENDING STIFFNESS AND MINERAL DENSITY IN TRAINED CYCLISTS, RUNNERS AND UNTRAINED ADULTS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Liang, Michael T. C.; Lewis, Kevin M.; Spalding, Thomas W.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Arnaud, Sara B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1880-6546 J9 J PHYSIOL SCI JI J. Physiol. Sci. PY 2009 VL 59 SU 1 BP 217 EP 217 PG 1 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 509MX UT WOS:000271023101374 ER PT J AU Levine, LH Richards, JT Wheeler, RM AF Levine, Lanfang H. Richards, Jeffrey T. Wheeler, Raymond M. TI Super-elevated CO2 interferes with stomatal response to ABA and night closure in soybean (Glycine max) SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Abscisic acid; Glycine max; Stomatal conductance; Stomatal density; Super-elevated CO2 ID ABSCISIC-ACID; GUARD-CELLS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BLUE-LIGHT; VICIA-FABA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ABAXIAL EPIDERMIS; CONDUCTANCE AB Studies have shown stomatal conductance (g(s)) of plants exposed to super-elevated CO2 (> 5000 mu mol mol(-1)) increases in several species, in contrast to a decrease of g(s) caused by moderate CO2 enrichment. We conducted a series of experiments to determine whether super-elevated CO2 alters stomata[ development and/or interferes with stomatal closure in soybean (Glycine max). Plants were grown at nominal ambient (400), elevated (1200) and super-elevated (10,000 mu mol mol(-1)) CO2 in controlled environmental chambers. Stomata[ density of the plant leaf was examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), while the stomatal response to the application of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), a phytohormone associated with water stress and stomatal control, was investigated in intact growing plants by measuring the g(s) of abaxial leaf surfaces using a steady-state porometer. Relative to the control (400 mu mol mol(-1) CO2) plants, daytime stomatal conductance (g(s,day)) of the plants grown under 1200 and 10,000 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 was reduced by 38% and 15%, respectively. Dark period stomatal conductance (g(s),(night)) was unaffected by growing under 1200 mu mol mol(-1) CO2, but dramatically increased under 10,000 mu mol mol(-1) CO2, Stomatal density increased by 10% in the leaves of 10,000 mu mol mol(-1) CO2-grown plants, which in part contributed to the higher g(s), (night) values. Elevating [CO2] to 1200 mu mol mol(-1) enhanced ABA-induced stomatal closure, but further increasing CO2 to 10,000 mu mol mol(-1) significantly reduced ABA-induced stomatal closure. These results demonstrated that stomatal response to ABA is CO2 dependent. Hence, a stomatal failure to effectively respond to an ABA signal and to close at night under extremely high CO2 may increase plants susceptibility to other abiotic stresses. (c) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Levine, Lanfang H.; Richards, Jeffrey T.] Dynamac Corp, Space Life Sci Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Wheeler, Raymond M.] NASA, Biol Sci Off, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Levine, LH (reprint author), Dynamac Corp, Space Life Sci Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM lanfang.h.levine@nasa.gov FU NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) FX The authors are grateful to Mr. Neil Yorio for his assistance in gas exchange measurement: and to Ms. Sandy Loucks for her excellent SEM service. The work was supported by NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) center director discretionary fund. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PY 2009 VL 166 IS 9 BP 903 EP 913 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2008.11.006 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 450QW UT WOS:000266416900002 PM 19131142 ER PT J AU Snyder, JS Anderson, JR Van Noord, JL Soulas, GC AF Snyder, John Steven Anderson, John R. Van Noord, Jonathan L. Soulas, George C. TI Environmental Testing of NASA's Evolutionary Xenon Thruster Prototype Model 1 Reworked Ion Engine SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB NASA's Evolutionary Xenon Thruster propulsion system is an advanced ion propulsion system that is oriented toward robotic exploration of the solar system using solar electric power. The subsystem includes an ion engine, a power processing unit, feed system components, and a thruster gimbal. The prototype model engine, PM1, was subjected to qualification-level environmental testing to demonstrate compatibility with environments representative of anticipated mission requirements. Although the testing was largely successful, several issues were identified, including the fragmentation of potting cement on the discharge and neutralizer cathode heater terminations during vibration, which led to abbreviated thermal testing, and the generation of particulate contamination from manufacturing processes and engine materials. The engine was reworked to address most of these findings and renamed PM1R, and the environmental test sequence was repeated. Thruster functional testing was performed before and after the vibration and thermal-vacuum tests. Random vibration testing, conducted with the thruster mated to the breadboard gimbal, was executed at 10.0 g(rms) for 2 min in each of the three axes. Thermal-vacuum testing included three thermal cycles from -120 to 215 degrees C with hot engine restarts. Thruster performance was nominal throughout the test program, with minor variations in a few engine operating parameters likely caused by facility effects. There were no significant changes in engine performance as characterized by the engine operating parameters, ion optics performance measurements, and beam current density measurements, indicating no significant changes to the hardware as a result of the environmental testing. The redesigned cathode heater terminations successfully survived the vibration environments. NASA's Evolutionary Xenon Thruster PM1R engine and the breadboard gimbal were found to be well designed to meet environmental requirements based on the results reported herein. C1 [Snyder, John Steven; Anderson, John R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Elect Prop Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Van Noord, Jonathan L.; Soulas, George C.] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Prop & Propellants Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Snyder, JS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Elect Prop Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,Mail Stop 125-109, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU NASA's In-Space Propulsion Technology Program; NEXT; NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field FX The work described in this paper was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The PM1R Environmental Test program, funded by NASA's In-Space Propulsion Technology Program, was successfully accomplished through the efforts of a multi-organizational team. The work was performed under the NEXT Project, led by the NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, with Scott Benson as the Project Manager and Mike Patterson as the Principal Investigator. Allison Owens and Ray Swindlehurst of the JPL Electric Propulsion Group were responsible for designing, configuring, and operating the test facility. Rich Ebner, Tim Werner, and Doug Perry of the JPL Environmental Test Lab were responsible for Setup, instrumentation, and performing the vibration test. Their efforts and contributions are greatly appreciated. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 94 EP 104 DI 10.2514/1.34792 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 400BO UT WOS:000262843200010 ER PT J AU Sengupta, A Anderson, JA Garner, C Brophy, JR de Groh, KK Banks, BA Thomas, TAK AF Sengupta, Anita Anderson, John A. Garner, Charles Brophy, John R. de Groh, Kim K. Banks, Bruce A. Thomas, Tina A. Karniotis TI Deep Space 1 Flight Spare Ion Thruster 30,000-Hour Life Test SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB The extended-life test of the Deep Space 1 flight spare ion thruster was voluntarily terminated on 26 June 2003. During its five-year run, the thruster operated for a total of 30,352 h, processed 235.1 kg of xenon propellant, and demonstrated extended operation at multiple throttled conditions. The objectives of the test were to characterize failure modes and quantify thruster performance as a function of engine wear and throttle level. Degradation processes included erosion of the discharge cathode keeper, accelerator-grid sputter erosion, and deposition of material in the neutralizer cathode at low power. Performance degradation was limited to a reduction in measured thrust at the full-power point for the final 1000 h of operation. Posttest inspection of the engine was initiated following the test termination to ascertain causes of the wear and to look for any previously unknown wear processes. Significant findings included facility-induced flakes in the discharge chamber, the presence of through-pits in the accelerator-grid webbing, significant erosion of the discharge cathode orifice plate, and healthy cathode inserts. A summary of the begin ning-of-test and end-of-test performances and results of the posttest destructive evaluation are presented. C1 [Sengupta, Anita; Anderson, John A.; Garner, Charles; Brophy, John R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [de Groh, Kim K.] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Space Environm Durabil Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Thomas, Tina A. Karniotis] Sherwin Williams Co, Chem Grp, Warrensville Hts, OH 44128 USA. RP Sengupta, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU NASA Headquarters; Office of Space Science FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Funding was provided by the In-Space Propulsion Program, managed by NASA Headquarters, Office of Space Science. The authors would like to acknowledge the invaluable efforts of the many people who contributed to the successful completion of the extended-life test and posttest analysis activity. They include Norm Hill of Georgia Institute of Technology; Wayne Ohlinger of Bettis Labs; Al Owens, Keith Goodfellow, James Kulleck. Ron Ruiz, James Polk, Lois Lewis, Ray Swindlehurst, and Bob Brown of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Jim Sovey and Mike Patterson of NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field; and Randy Bagget of NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 105 EP 117 DI 10.2514/1.36549 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 400BO UT WOS:000262843200011 ER PT J AU Dippold, V Foster, L Wiese, M AF Dippold, Vance, III Foster, Lancert Wiese, Michael TI Computational Analyses of Offset-Stream Nozzles for Noise Reduction SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID TURBOFAN ENGINES AB Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes calculations were performed on two offset-stream-nozzle concepts for jet noise reduction. The first concept used an S-duct to direct the secondary stream to the lower side of the nozzle. The second concept used vanes to turn the secondary flow downward. The analyses were completed in preparation for a series of experimental tests in which noise and flowfield measurements would be made. The offset-stream nozzles demonstrated good performance and reduced the amount of turbulence on the lower side of the jet plume. The computer analyses proved instrumental in guiding the development of the final test configurations and giving insight into the flow mechanics of offset-stream nozzles. The computational predictions were compared with flowfield results from the jet-rig testing and showed excellent agreement. C1 [Dippold, Vance, III; Foster, Lancert] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Inlet & Nozzle Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Wiese, Michael] Analyt Serv & Mat Inc, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Dippold, V (reprint author), NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Inlet & Nozzle Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 204 EP 217 DI 10.2514/1.34943 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 400BO UT WOS:000262843200021 ER PT J AU Miles, JH AF Miles, Jeffrey Hilton TI Time Delay Analysis of Turbofan Engine Direct and Indirect Combustion Noise Sources SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTOR; CORE NOISE; ENTROPY FLUCTUATIONS; GENERATED NOISE; SEPARATION; COHERENCE; FLAMES AB The core noise components of a dual-spool, turbofan engine were separated by the use of a coherence function. A source location technique based on adjusting the time delay between the combustor pressure sensor signal and the far-field microphone signal to maximize the coherence and remove as much variation of the phase angle with frequency as possible was used. It was discovered that, for the 130 deg microphone, a 90.027 ms time shift worked best for the frequency band from 0 to 200 Hz, whereas an 86.975 ms time shift worked best for the frequency band from 200 to 400 Hz. Hence, the 0-200 Hz band signal took more time than the 200-400 Hz band signal to travel the same distance. This suggests the 0-200 Hz coherent cross-spectral density band is partly due to indirect combustion noise attributed to entropy fluctuations, which travel at the flow velocity, interacting with the turbine. The signal in the 200-400 Hz frequency band is attributed mostly to direct combustion noise. Results are presented herein for engine power settings of 48, 54, and 60% of the maximum power setting. C1 NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Acoust Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Miles, JH (reprint author), NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Acoust Branch, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 76 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 218 EP 227 DI 10.2514/1.38030 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 400BO UT WOS:000262843200022 ER PT J AU Tishkovets, VP Mishchenko, MI AF Tishkovets, Victor P. Mishchenko, Michael I. TI Approximate calculation of coherent backscattering for semi-infinite discrete random media SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Coherent optical effects; Multiple scattering; Opposition effects ID LIGHT AB We describe an approximate method for the calculation of all characteristics of coherent backscattering for a homogeneous, semi-infinite particulate medium. The method allows one to transform a system of integral equations describing coherent backscattering exactly into a system of linear algebraic equations affording an efficient numerical solution. Comparisons of approximate theoretical results with experimental data as well as with benchmark numerical results for a medium composed of nonabsorbing Rayleigh scatterers have shown that the method can be expected to give a good accuracy. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tishkovets, Victor P.] NASU, Inst Radio Astron, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Mishchenko, Michael I.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Tishkovets, VP (reprint author), NASU, Inst Radio Astron, 4 Chervonopraporna St, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM tishkovets@ri.kharkov.ua; mmishchenko@giss.nasa.gov RI Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012 FU NASA Radiation Sciences Program FX This research was partially funded by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program managed by Hal Maring. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 110 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2008.09.005 PG 7 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 386SA UT WOS:000261901700013 ER PT J AU Zoby, EV AF Zoby, E. Vincent TI Another Thanks to All JSR Supporters SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zoby, E. Vincent] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 409UJ UT WOS:000263531000001 ER PT J AU Robinson, JS Wurster, KE Mills, JC AF Robinson, Jeffrey S. Wurster, Kathryn E. Mills, Janelle C. TI Entry Trajectory and Aeroheating Environment Definition for Capsule-Shaped Vehicles SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Materials in Space Environment/8th Conference on Protection of Materials and Structures from Space Environment CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Collioure, FRANCE SP ONERA, CNES, ITL, Canadian Space Agcy ID HEAT TRANSFER AB The Crew Exploration Vehicle presently being developed to return humans from lunar missions will typically experience entry environments far more severe than those for return from low-Earth orbit. Certification of the thermal protection system materials for these environments, and ultimately for Mars return, will require extensive testing. As part of an effort to bound the required testing capability, trajectories and the associated aeroheating environments were generated for more than 60 unique entry cases. Using the Apollo Command Module as the baseline entry system, trajectories for a range of lunar and Mars return Earth-entry scenarios were developed using a 3-degree of freedom trajectory simulation. For direct entry, a matrix of cases that reflects expected minimum and maximum values of vehicle ballistic coefficient, inertial velocity, and flight-path angle at entry interface was considered. For aerocapture, a range of values of initial velocity and ballistic coefficient was examined that, when combined with appropriate initial flight-path angles, enable the vehicle to achieve low-Earth orbit by employing either a full-lift-vector-up or full-lift-vector-down attitude. For each trajectory, aeroheating environments, intended to bound the thermal protection material system requirements for likely concepts, were generated using engineering methods. The trades examined in this study distinguished the classes of missions/concepts that will require ablative systems as well as those for which reusable systems may be feasible. Results highlight those entry conditions and modes suitable for human flight, considering vehicle deceleration levels experienced during entry. The aeroheating environments generated in this study can be used by the vehicle designer to assess the material testing limits and facility requirements for a broad range of concepts and missions. C1 [Robinson, Jeffrey S.; Wurster, Kathryn E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Anal Branch, Hampton, VA 23691 USA. [Mills, Janelle C.] ViGYAN Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Robinson, JS (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Anal Branch, Mail Stop 451, Hampton, VA 23691 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 74 EP 86 DI 10.2514/1.30998 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 409UJ UT WOS:000263531000012 ER PT J AU Danehy, PM Inman, JA Brauckmann, GJ Alderfer, DW Jones, SB Patry, DP AF Danehy, P. M. Inman, J. A. Brauckmann, G. J. Alderfer, D. W. Jones, S. B. Patry, D. P. TI Visualization of a Capsule Entry Vehicle Reaction-Control System Thruster SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Materials in Space Environment/8th Conference on Protection of Materials and Structures from Space Environment CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Collioure, FRANCE SP ONERA, CNES, ITL, Canadian Space Agcy ID FLUORESCENCE; FLOW; TEMPERATURE; NO AB Planar loser-Induced fluorescence wits used to visualize the reaction-control system jet flow emanating from the aft body of an Apollo-geometry capsule test article in NASA Langley Research Center's 31 in. Much 10 Tunnel. The reaction-control system jet was oriented normal to the aft surface of the model and had a nominal Much number of 2.94. The composition of the jet gas by mass was 95% nitrogen (N(2) and 5% nitric oxide (NO). The reaction-control system jet How rate varied between 0 and 0.5 standard liters per minute, and the angle of attack and tunnel stagnation pressure were also varied. Planar laser-Induced fluorescence was used to excite the NO molecules For flow visualization. These flow visualization images were processed to determine the trajectory and tit quantify the flapping of the reaction-control system jet. The jet flapping, measured by the standard deviation of the jet centerline position, was as large as 0.9 mm, whereas the jet was 1.5-4 mm in diameter full width at half-maximum). Schlieren flow visualization images were obtained for comparison with the planar laser-Induced fluorescence. Surface pressures were also measured and presented. Virtual diagnostics interface technology, developed at NASA Langley Research Center, was used to superimpose and visualize the data sets. The measurements demonstrate some of the capabilities of the planar laser-induced fluorescence method and provide a test case for computational fluid dynamics validation. C1 [Danehy, P. M.; Inman, J. A.; Alderfer, D. W.; Jones, S. B.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Adv Sensing & Opt Measurement Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Patry, D. P.] Swales Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Brauckmann, G. J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aerothermodynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Inman, J. A.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. RP Danehy, PM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Adv Sensing & Opt Measurement Branch, MS 493, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.2514/1.34846 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 409UJ UT WOS:000263531000014 ER PT J AU Johnson, TF Card, MF AF Johnson, Theodore F. Card, Michael F. TI Stiffening and Mechanical Load Effects on Thermal Buckling of Stiffened Cylindrical Shells SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Materials in Space Environment/8th Conference on Protection of Materials and Structures from Space Environment CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Collioure, FRANCE SP ONERA, CNES, ITL, Canadian Space Agcy AB A study or combined thermal and mechanical buckling of stiffened cylindrical shells using the structural geometry of a preliminary supersonic transport fuselage design from 1970 is presented. The buckling analysis is performed using BOSOR4, a nonlinear axisymmetric shell-of-revolution analysis code. The mechanical load is from axial compression and internal pressure and the thermal loading is from heated skins. Results Indicate that the location of longitudinal eccentric stiffening has a significant effect on the thermal and axial buckling strength of longitudinally stiffened shells with and without ring frames. Buckling-interaction curves of the results with the associated mode shapes and a surface plot or the results are presented in which the eccentricity of the stringer, axial load, and temperature load are varied. C1 [Johnson, Theodore F.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mech Struct & Mat Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Johnson, TF (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mech Struct & Mat Branch, Mail Stop 431, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Theodore.F.Johnson@nasa.gov RI Aguayo, Leandro/B-8713-2012 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.2514/1.24575 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 409UJ UT WOS:000263531000027 ER PT J AU Duggento, A Luchinsky, DG Smelyanskiy, VN McClintock, PVE AF Duggento, Andrea Luchinsky, Dmitri G. Smelyanskiy, Vadim N. McClintock, Peter V. E. TI Inferential framework for non-stationary dynamics: theory and applications SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Article DE dynamics (theory); dynamics (experiment); robust and stochastic optimization ID MODELS; SYSTEMS; RECONSTRUCTION; EQUATIONS; NOISE AB An extended Bayesian inference framework is presented, aiming to infer time-varying parameters in non-stationary nonlinear stochastic dynamical systems. The convergence of the method is discussed. The performance of the technique is studied using, as an example, signal reconstruction for a system of neurons modeled by FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators: it is applied to reconstruction of the model parameters and elements of the measurement matrix, as well as to inference of the time-varying parameters of the non-stationary system. It is shown that the proposed approach is able to reconstruct unmeasured (hidden) variables of the system, to determine the model parameters, to detect stepwise changes of control parameters for each oscillator and to track the continuous evolution of the control parameters in the adiabatic limit. C1 [Duggento, Andrea; Luchinsky, Dmitri G.; McClintock, Peter V. E.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England. [Luchinsky, Dmitri G.; Smelyanskiy, Vadim N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Duggento, A (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England. EM a.duggento@lancaster.ac.uk; dmitryluchinsky@yahoo.com; Vadim.N.Smelyanskiy@nasa.gov; p.v.e.mcclintock@lancaster.ac.uk RI Duggento, Andrea/D-2738-2013; Luchinsky, Dmitry/N-4177-2014 OI Duggento, Andrea/0000-0001-6030-5269; NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD JAN PY 2009 AR P01025 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2009/01/P01025 PG 14 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA 392ZG UT WOS:000262340100025 ER PT J AU Luchinsky, DG Tindjong, R Kaufman, I McClintock, PVE Eisenberg, RS AF Luchinsky, D. G. Tindjong, R. Kaufman, I. McClintock, P. V. E. Eisenberg, R. S. TI Charge fluctuations and their effect on conduction in biological ion channels SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Article DE dynamics (theory); diffusion ID BROWNIAN DYNAMICS; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; CALCIUM-CHANNELS; MOLECULAR-BASIS; K+ CHANNEL; SELECTIVITY; PERMEATION; NOISE; GRAMICIDIN; SIMULATION AB The effect of fluctuations on the conductivity of ion channels is investigated. It is shown that modulation of the potential barrier at the selectivity site due to electrostatic amplification of charge fluctuations at the channel mouth exerts a leading-order effect on the channel conductivity. A Brownian dynamical model of ion motion in a channel is derived that takes into account both fluctuations at the channel mouth and vibrational modes of the wall. The charge fluctuations are modeled as a shot noise flipping the height of the potential barrier. The wall fluctuations are introduced as a slow vibrational mode of the protein motion that modulates ion conductance both stochastically and periodically. The model is used to estimate the contribution to the conductivity of ion channels coming from the electrostatic amplification of charge fluctuations. C1 [Luchinsky, D. G.; Tindjong, R.; McClintock, P. V. E.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England. [Luchinsky, D. G.] NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kaufman, I.] Russian Res Inst Metrol Serv, Moscow 119361, Russia. [Eisenberg, R. S.] Rush Med Coll, Dept Physiol & Mol Biophys, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Luchinsky, DG (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England. EM d.luchinsky@lancaster.ac.uk; r.tindjong@lancaster.ac.uk; ikaufman@rambler.ru; p.v.e.mcclintock@lancaster.ac.uk; beisenberg@rush.edu RI Luchinsky, Dmitry/N-4177-2014 FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK) FX We are grateful to the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK) for financial support, and to A Stefanovska for valuable discussions. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD JAN PY 2009 AR P01010 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2009/01/P01010 PG 15 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA 392ZG UT WOS:000262340100010 ER PT J AU Markley, FL AF Markley, F. Landis TI Lessons Learned SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F Landis Markley Astronautics Symposium CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Cambridge, MD SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Univ Buffalo, Hubble Space Telescope Project, Comp Sci Corp, General Dynam, John Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Spacecraft Syst Engn Serv, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Baltimore Sect ID SPACECRAFT ATTITUDE ESTIMATION; VECTOR OBSERVATIONS; QUATERNION; FILTER; REPRESENTATIONS; CONSTRAINT; ESTIMATOR; ALGORITHM; MOMENTUM; MATRIX AB This paper is organized around three themes that have interested me over my career: covariance analysis, constrained estimation, and angular momentum. Both analytical and numerical approaches to covariance analysis are discussed. The section on constraints begins with general considerations arising from the nature of the rotation group before moving to Wahba's Problem and quaternion Kalman filters. The discussion of angular momentum includes its use in attitude determination and control as well as in the detection and diagnosis of spacecraft anomalies. Relevant illustrative examples are included. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Nav & Control Syst Engn Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Markley, FL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Nav & Control Syst Engn Branch, Code 591, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM landis.markley@nasa.gov NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD JAN-JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 3 EP 29 PG 27 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 635YO UT WOS:000280694100002 ER PT J AU Markley, FL Carpenter, JR AF Markley, F. Landis Carpenter, J. Russell TI Generalized Linear Covariance Analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F Landis Markley Astronautics Symposium CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Cambridge, MD SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Univ Buffalo, Hubble Space Telescope Project, Comp Sci Corp, General Dynam, John Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Spacecraft Syst Engn Serv, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Baltimore Sect AB This paper presents a comprehensive approach to filter modeling for generalized covariance analysis of both batch least-squares and sequential estimators. We review and extend in two directions the results of prior work that allowed for partitioning of the state space into "solve-for" and "consider" parameters, accounted for differences between the formal values and the true values of the measurement noise, process noise, and a priori solve-for and consider covariances, and explicitly partitioned the errors into subspaces containing only the influence of the measurement noise, process noise, and a priori solve-for and consider covariances. In this work, we explicitly add sensitivity analysis to this prior work, and relax an implicit assumption that the batch estimator's epoch time occurs prior to the definitive span. We also apply the method to an integrated orbit and attitude problem, in which gyro and accelerometer errors, though not estimated, influence the orbit determination performance. We illustrate our results using two graphical presentations, which we call the "variance sandpile" and the "sensitivity mosaic," and we compare the linear covariance results to confidence intervals associated with ensemble statistics from a Monte Carlo analysis. C1 [Markley, F. Landis] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Attitude Control Syst Engn Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Carpenter, J. Russell] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Nav & Mission Design Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Markley, FL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Attitude Control Syst Engn Branch, Code 591, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD JAN-JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 233 EP 260 PG 28 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 635YO UT WOS:000280694100014 ER PT J AU Naasz, BJ Burns, RD Queen, SZ Van Eepoel, J Hannah, J Skelton, E AF Naasz, Bo J. Burns, Richard D. Queen, Steven Z. Van Eepoel, John Hannah, Joel Skelton, Eugene TI The HST SM4 Relative Navigation Sensor System: Overview and Preliminary Testing Results from the Flight Robotics Lab SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F Landis Markley Astronautics Symposium CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Cambridge, MD SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Univ Buffalo, Hubble Space Telescope Project, Comp Sci Corp, General Dynam, John Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Spacecraft Syst Engn Serv, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Baltimore Sect AB The upcoming Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Servicing Mission 4 (SM4) includes a Relative Navigation Sensor (RNS) experiment which uses three cameras and an avionics package to record images, and estimate in real-time the relative position and attitude (aka "pose") during the Shuttle capture and deployment of the telescope. RNS recently completed its third and final phase of testing at the Marshall Space Flight Center Flight Robotics Laboratory. This testing utilized flight spare cameras, engineering development unit avionics and flight pose algorithms to estimate the pose of a Hubble mockup mounted to the Flight Robotics Laboratory (FRL) Dynamic Overhead Target Simulator (DOTS). The mockup was moved through a variety of flight-like lighting conditions and trajectories. In this paper we present pose estimation results from the third phase of RNS FRL testing. C1 [Naasz, Bo J.; Burns, Richard D.; Queen, Steven Z.; Van Eepoel, John] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hannah, Joel] Adv Opt Syst Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Skelton, Eugene] Lockheed Martin Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Naasz, BJ (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, Code 595, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD JAN-JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 457 EP 483 PG 27 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 635YO UT WOS:000280694100023 ER PT J AU Li, XW Tao, WK Khain, AP Simpson, J Johnson, DE AF Li, Xiaowen Tao, Wei-Kuo Khain, Alexander P. Simpson, Joanne Johnson, Daniel E. TI Sensitivity of a Cloud-Resolving Model to Bulk and Explicit Bin Microphysical Schemes. Part I: Comparisons SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MIDLATITUDE SQUALL LINE; ICE PRODUCTION MECHANISMS; SMALL CUMULIFORM CLOUDS; MULTICELL-TYPE STORMS; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; STRATIFORM PRECIPITATION; DETAILED MICROPHYSICS; RADAR REFLECTIVITY; TEMPORAL BEHAVIOR AB A two-dimensional cloud-resolving model is used to study the sensitivities of two microphysical schemes, a bulk scheme and an explicit spectral bin scheme, in simulating a midlatitude summertime squall line [Preliminary Regional Experiment for Storm-Scale Operational and Research Meteorology (PRE-STORM), 10-11 June 1985]. In this first part of a two-part paper, the developing and mature stages of simulated storms are compared in detail. Some variables observed during the field campaign are also presented for validation. It is found that both schemes agree well with each other, and also with published observations and retrievals, in terms of storm structures and evolution, average storm flow patterns, pressure and temperature perturbations, and total heating profiles. The bin scheme is able to produce a much more extensive and homogeneous stratiform region, which compares better with observations. However, instantaneous fields and high temporal resolution analyses show distinct characteristics in the two simulations. During the mature stage, the bulk simulation produces a multicell storm with convective cells embedded in its stratiform region. Its leading convection also shows a distinct life cycle (strong evolution). In contrast, the bin simulation produces a unicell storm with little temporal variation in its leading cell regeneration (weak evolution). More detailed, high-resolution observations are needed to validate and, perhaps, generalize these model results. Interactions between the cloud microphysics and storm dynamics that produce the sensitivities described here are discussed in detail in Part II of this paper. C1 [Tao, Wei-Kuo; Simpson, Joanne] NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Li, Xiaowen; Johnson, Daniel E.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Khain, Alexander P.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Li, XW (reprint author), NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM xiaowen.li-1@nasa.gov FU NASA; NASA TRMM Mission; NASA GSFC FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Chung-Lin Shie for his help in calculating the budgets and Stephen Lang for proofreading. Constructive suggestions from Professor Robert Fovell and four anonymous reviewers have greatly improved this paper. This research is mainly supported by the NASA headquarters and the NASA TRMM Mission. The authors are grateful to Dr. R. Kakar at NASA headquarters for his support of this research. Acknowledgement is also made to NASA GSFC for computer time used in this research. NR 71 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 66 IS 1 BP 3 EP 21 DI 10.1175/2008JAS2646.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 398GR UT WOS:000262721100001 ER PT J AU Li, XW Tao, WK Khain, AP Simpson, J Johnson, DE AF Li, Xiaowen Tao, Wei-Kuo Khain, Alexander P. Simpson, Joanne Johnson, Daniel E. TI Sensitivity of a Cloud-Resolving Model to Bulk and Explicit Bin Microphysical Schemes. Part II: Cloud Microphysics and Storm Dynamics Interactions SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MIDLATITUDE SQUALL LINE; AIR-FLOW; PRECIPITATION; EVOLUTION; SIMULATIONS; SYSTEMS; PARAMETERIZATION; ORGANIZATION; EVAPORATION; MESOSCALE AB Part I of this paper compares two simulations, one using a bulk and the other a detailed bin microphysical scheme, of a long-lasting, continental mesoscale convective system with leading convection and trailing stratiform region. Diagnostic studies and sensitivity tests are carried out in Part II to explain the simulated contrasts in the spatial and temporal variations by the two microphysical schemes and to understand the interactions between cloud microphysics and storm dynamics. It is found that the fixed raindrop size distribution in the bulk scheme artificially enhances rain evaporation rate and produces a stronger near-surface cool pool compared with the bin simulation. In the bulk simulation, cool pool circulation dominates the near-surface environmental wind shear in contrast to the near-balance between cool pool and wind shear in the bin simulation. This is the main reason for the contrasting quasi-steady states simulated in Part I. Sensitivity tests also show that large amounts of fast-falling hail produced in the original bulk scheme not only result in a narrow trailing stratiform region but also act to further exacerbate the strong cool pool simulated in the bulk parameterization. An empirical formula for a correction factor, r(q(r)) = 0.11q(r)(-1.27) + 0.98, is developed to correct the overestimation of rain evaporation in the bulk model, where r is the ratio of the rain evaporation rate between the bulk and bin simulations and q(r)(g kg(-1)) is the rain mixing ratio. This formula offers a practical fix for the simple bulk scheme in rain evaporation parameterization. C1 [Tao, Wei-Kuo; Simpson, Joanne] NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Li, Xiaowen; Johnson, Daniel E.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Khain, Alexander P.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Li, XW (reprint author), NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM xiaowen.li-1@nasa.gov FU NASA; NASA GSFC FX The authors wish to thank Steve Palm and Glen Engel-Cox for editing and Jenny Zeng for her help in drawing figures. Constructive suggestions from Professor Robert Fovell and anonymous reviewers have greatly improved this paper. This research is mainly supported by the NASA headquarters and the NASA TRMM and PMM missions. The authors are grateful to Dr. R. Kakar at NASA headquarters for his support of this research. Acknowledgement is also made to NASA GSFC for computer time used in this research. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 66 IS 1 BP 22 EP 40 DI 10.1175/2008JAS2647.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 398GR UT WOS:000262721100002 ER PT J AU Zeng, XP Tao, WK Zhang, MH Hou, AY Xie, SC Lang, S Li, XW Starr, DO Li, XF Simpson, J AF Zeng, Xiping Tao, Wei-Kuo Zhang, Minghua Hou, Arthur Y. Xie, Shaocheng Lang, Stephen Li, Xiaowen Starr, David O'C. Li, Xiaofan Simpson, Joanne TI An Indirect Effect of Ice Nuclei on Atmospheric Radiation SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; SOUTH CHINA SEA; LONG-TERM BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; TOGA COARE; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; SURFACE PROCESSES; PHASE-III; PART II; BULK PARAMETERIZATION AB A three-dimensional cloud-resolving model (CRM) with observed large-scale forcing is used to study how ice nuclei (IN) affect the net radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). In all the numerical experiments carried out, the cloud ice content in the upper troposphere increases with IN number concentration via the Bergeron process. As a result, the upward solar flux at the TOA increases whereas the infrared one decreases. Because of the opposite response of the two fluxes to IN concentration, the sensitivity of the net radiative flux at the TOA to IN concentration varies from one case to another. Six tropical and three midlatitudinal field campaigns provide data to model the effect of IN on radiation in different latitudes. Classifying the CRM simulations into tropical and midlatitudinal and then comparing the two types reveals that the indirect effect of IN on radiation is greater in the middle latitudes than in the tropics. Furthermore, comparisons between model results and observations suggest that observational IN data are necessary to evaluate long-term CRM simulations. C1 [Zeng, Xiping; Tao, Wei-Kuo; Hou, Arthur Y.; Lang, Stephen; Li, Xiaowen; Starr, David O'C.; Simpson, Joanne] NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zeng, Xiping; Li, Xiaowen] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Zhang, Minghua] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY USA. [Xie, Shaocheng] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. [Lang, Stephen] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Zeng, XP (reprint author), NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, C423,Bldg 33,Mail Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM zeng@agnes.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Hou, Arthur/D-8578-2012; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 OI Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; FU NASA Ames Research Center; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center FX The authors acknowledge the NASA Ames Research Center and the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for enormous computer time used in this research. They also thank Dr. Gang Hong and two anonymous reviewers for their critical yet constructive comments. NR 88 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 66 IS 1 BP 41 EP 61 DI 10.1175/2008JAS2778.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 398GR UT WOS:000262721100003 ER PT J AU Prigarin, SM Marshak, A AF Prigarin, Sergei M. Marshak, Alexander TI A Simple Stochastic Model for Generating Broken Cloud Optical Depth and Cloud-Top Height Fields SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ALGORITHM; REFLECTION AB A simple and fast algorithm for generating two correlated stochastic two-dimensional (2D) cloud fields is described. The algorithm is illustrated with two broken cumulus cloud fields: cloud optical depth and cloud-top height retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Only two 2D fields are required as an input. The algorithm output is statistical realizations of these two fields with approximately the same correlation and joint distribution functions as the original ones. The major assumption of the algorithm is statistical isotropy of the fields. In contrast to fractals and the Fourier filtering methods frequently used for stochastic cloud modeling, the proposed method is based on spectral models of homogeneous random fields. To retain the same probability density function as the (first) original field, the method of inverse distribution function is used. When the spatial distribution of the first field has been generated, a realization of the correlated second field is simulated using a conditional distribution matrix. This paper serves as a theoretical justification of the publicly available software "Simulation of a two-component cloud field," which has been recently released. Although 2D rather than full 3D, the stochastic realizations of two correlated cloud fields that mimic statistics of given fields have proven to be very useful to study 3D radiative transfer features of broken cumulus clouds for a better understanding of shortwave radiation and the interpretation of remote sensing retrievals. C1 [Marshak, Alexander] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Prigarin, Sergei M.] Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Prigarin, Sergei M.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Computat Math & Math Geophys, Novosibirsk, Russia. RP Marshak, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Code 613-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM alexander.marshak@nasa.gov RI Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 66 IS 1 BP 92 EP 104 DI 10.1175/2008JAS2699.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 398GR UT WOS:000262721100006 ER PT J AU Narayanan, SR Valdez, TI Firdosy, S AF Narayanan, S. R. Valdez, Thomas I. Firdosy, Samad TI Analysis of the Performance of Nafion-Based Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE catalysts; current density; diffusion; electrical resistivity; electrochemical electrodes; hydrogen; oxygen; proton exchange membrane fuel cells ID PLATINUM LOADING ELECTRODES; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; REDUCTION REACTION; MASS-TRANSPORT; O-2 REDUCTION; WATER-UPTAKE; MEMBRANES; KINETICS; INTERFACE; TEMPERATURE AB The present study aims at understanding the effect of materials and operating conditions on the performance of in-house-prepared and vendor-supplied Nafion-based hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells. Eight different membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with different membrane thicknesses, two different equivalent weights for the membrane material, and made by three different MEA fabrication techniques, were investigated. The electrical performance and internal resistance of the cells were measured as a function of temperature and reactant pressures. The test results have been analyzed in terms of various polarization phenomena. The values for i(o,c) and alpha(c)n were generally in agreement with reports, but were found to have a range depending on the analysis conditions. While mass-transfer limitations were not observed in any of the cases, dry-out of the anode catalyst layer and "back-diffusion" were found to limit the maximum current densities, especially with the thicker membranes. The in-house-developed MEA fabrication process provides a lower internal resistance and higher performance during short-term testing when compared to the MEAs from the two industrial vendors studied. These results have led to the demonstration of a high-performance MEA for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells based on Nafion 1035. C1 [Narayanan, S. R.; Valdez, Thomas I.; Firdosy, Samad] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Narayanan, SR (reprint author), NASA, Jet Prop Lab, CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM s.r.narayanan@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The work presented here was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors thank Mark Hoberecht and Kenneth Burke for their support and guidance during various parts of this research. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 1 BP B152 EP B159 DI 10.1149/1.3008015 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 376UZ UT WOS:000261209800035 ER PT J AU Wheeler, DR Nichols, J Hansen, D Andrus, M Choi, S Watt, GD AF Wheeler, Dean R. Nichols, Joseph Hansen, Dane Andrus, Merritt Choi, Sang Watt, Gerald D. TI Viologen Catalysts for a Direct Carbohydrate Fuel Cell SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BIOFUEL CELLS; GLUCOSE; ELECTRICITY; GENERATION; ENERGY; OXIDATION; GLYCEROL AB Deriving electrical energy from glucose and other carbohydrates under mild conditions is in important research objective because these biomolecules are abundant, renewable, have high energy density, and are convenient as fuels. This rich promise has not been realized because stable, inexpensive, and efficient catalysts are not available to oxidize carbohydrates and transfer all or nearly all of their electrons to fuel cell,modes. We report here that viologen catalysts meet these demanding Criteria by catalytically oxidizing glucose and other carbohydrates in it mildly alkaline solution, making possible a direct carbohydrate fuel cell. Formate and carbonate are major products of carbohydrate oxidation, demonstrating that extensive carbon-carbon bond breaking has occurred. A rudimentary fuel Cell utilizing viologen catalysts and glucose or dihydroxyacetone as fuels demonstrated electrical power production at up to 20 mA/cm(2) superficial current density. Improved catalyst function and cell design should significantly advance the efficiency and viability of direct carbohydrate fuel cell technology as a means of generating electrical energy from renewable biomass. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3183815] All rights reserved. C1 [Wheeler, Dean R.; Nichols, Joseph; Hansen, Dane] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Andrus, Merritt; Watt, Gerald D.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Choi, Sang] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Wheeler, DR (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM dean_wheeler@byu.edu; jocwnicols@gmail.com; mirmeggedo@gmail.com; mbandrus@chem.byu.edu; sang.h.choi@nasa.gov; gdwatt@chem.byu.edu RI Wheeler, Dean/G-5820-2013 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 10 BP B1201 EP B1207 DI 10.1149/1.3183815 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 498IV UT WOS:000270133400022 ER PT J AU Zhai, CX AF Zhai, Chengxing TI Highly accurate reconstruction algorithm for bandwidth-limited signals and application to fringe signal recovery SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID SAMPLING-THEOREM; TRUNCATION ERROR; EXPANSIONS AB We present a bandwidth-limited signal reconstruction algorithm with high accuracy as a generalization of the conventional "self-truncating" method by using samples taken at a rate higher than the Nyquist rate. The extra sampling rate enables us to lower the truncation error by applying an appropriate window function that tapers the signal to he approximately limited in both the space and frequency domains up to exponentially small errors. The sampling theorem is used in the frequency domain for a space-limited signal to parameterize the tapered signal in terms of discrete samples in the frequency domain, which are determined by a least-squares fitting to handle both irregularly and regularly sampled data. Error analysis for the Gaussian and Kaiser window functions shows that the upper bounds of the errors for reconstructing the signal near the center of sampling decay exponentially in parameter qN faster than the error upper bound of the conventional "self-truncating" method, where. q is the extra sampling rate relative to the Nyquist rate and 2N+1 is the number of samples used. We use simulation data to demonstrate the efficacy of this algorithm in reconstructing the fringe signals, which is crucial for the SIM (Space Interferometry Mission) PlanetQuest instrument calibration. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Zhai, CX (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Chengxing.Zhai@ipl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX This work was a by-product of the SIM PlanetQuest white-light fringe modeling study for the Spectral Calibration and Development Unit (SCDU) under the direction of Jeff Yu, Mike Shao, and Renaud Goullioud. Many useful discussions with Mark Milman, Janice Shen, Rick Demers, and Hong Tang are appreciated. The author would like to thank the two reviewers for clarifying the error analysis and improving the manuscript. This work was prepared at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 26 IS 1 BP 43 EP 58 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.26.000043 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 401OT UT WOS:000262951700005 PM 19109600 ER PT J AU Amar, AJ Blackwell, BF Edwards, JR AF Amar, A. J. Blackwell, B. F. Edwards, J. R. TI Development and Verification of a One-Dimensional Ablation Code Including Pyrolysis Gas Flow SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 39th Thermophysics Conference CY JUN 25-28, 2007 CL Miami, FL SP AIAA ID CONTROL-VOLUME PROCEDURE; THERMAL RESPONSE AB The development and verification of a one-dimensional material thermal response code with ablation is presented. The implicit time integrator, control volume finite element spatial discretization, and Newton's method for nonlinear iteration on the entire system of residual equations have been implemented and verified for the thermochemical ablation of internally decomposing materials. The study covers decomposing materials including decomposition kinetics, pyrolysis gas flow through the porous char layer, and a mixture (solid and gas) energy equation. A verification problem intended to examine the implementation of the math model is presented for the thermochemical ablation of a carbon-phenolic ablator that exercises every term in the system of governing equations. C1 [Amar, A. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Edwards, J. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Blackwell, B. F.] Blackwell Consulting, Corrales, NM 87048 USA. RP Amar, AJ (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 1 BP 59 EP 71 DI 10.2514/1.36882 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 400BH UT WOS:000262842500007 ER PT J AU Wu, W Du, J Lin, YR Kapat, J Chow, LC Notardonato, W AF Wu, W. Du, J. Lin, Y. R. Kapat, J. Chow, L. C. Notardonato, W. TI Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Gas-Cooled Condenser Using Carbon Foams SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article AB Significant heat transfer enhancement by using carbon foam in the cold head of a cryocooler for liquefaction of cryogens is demonstrated. The development of an effective, lightweight and compact cold head for liquefaction of gaseous hydrogen and its subsequent densification to subcooled liquid hydrogen will require a condenser with high beat transfer coefficient and low pressure drop on the gas side. High-thermal-conductivity carbon foam is used to enhance the heat transfer coefficient. For convenience, as a first effort, this work uses air and vapor/fiquid FC-87 to simulate helium and gaseous/liquid hydrogen, respectively. Experiments are conducted on carbon block foam and an alternative flow configuration called "corrugated" carbon foam, which has a lower flow resistance. Results of these experiments show that, compared with block carbon foam, corrugated carbon foam has a much lower pressure drop and a significant improvement in heat transfer performance. Experimental results of air and vapor/liquid FC-87 show that carbon-foam-based heat sinks can be 18 times better than conventional air-channel heat sinks at low speed (1 m/s). C1 [Chow, L. C.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Notardonato, W.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Chow, LC (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM lchow@mail.ucf.edu FU Lewis Field, NASA Kennedy Space Center; Florida Space Grant Consortium FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, NASA Kennedy Space Center, and Florida Space Grant Consortium. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 1 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.2514/1.39078 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 400BH UT WOS:000262842500016 ER PT J AU Kirk, BS AF Kirk, Benjamin S. TI Multidimensional Assessment of Modeling Error in Typical High-Speed Wind-Tunnel Heat-Transfer Data-Reduction Schemes SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Appl Aerosci & Computat Fluid Dynam Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Kirk, BS (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Appl Aerosci & Computat Fluid Dynam Branch, 2101 NASA Pkwy,Mail Code EG3, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 1 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.2514/1.35989 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 400BH UT WOS:000262842500020 ER PT J AU Watson, AB AF Watson, Andrew B. TI Comparing citations and downloads for individual articles SO JOURNAL OF VISION LA English DT Editorial Material DE impact; demandfactor; citerate; usage C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Watson, AB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 262-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM andrew.b.watson@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 14 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 1534-7362 J9 J VISION JI J. Vision PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 AR i DI 10.1167/9.4.i PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 461RK UT WOS:000267288000001 ER PT B AU Randeniya, DIB Gunaratne, M Sarkar, S AF Randeniya, Duminda I. B. Gunaratne, Manjriker Sarkar, Sudeep BE Ganguly, AR Gama, J Omitaomu, OA Gaber, MM Vatsavai, RR TI Fusion of Vision Inertial Data for Automatic Georeferencing SO KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY FROM SENSOR DATA SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Multisensor fusion; inertial vision fusion; intelligent transportation systems AB Intermittent loss of the GPS signal is a common problem encountered in intelligent land navigation based on GPS integrated inertial systems. This issue emphasizes the need for an alternative technology that would ensure smooth and reliable inertial navigation during GPS outages. This paper presents the results of an effort where data from vision and inertial sensors are integrated. However, for such integration one has to first obtain the necessary navigation parameters from the available sensors. Due to the variety in the measurements, separate approaches have to be utilized in estimating the navigation parameters. Information from a sequence of images captured by a monocular camera attached to a survey vehicle at a maximum frequency of three frames per second was used in upgrading the inertial system installed in the same vehicle for its inherent error accumulation. Specifically, the rotations and translations estimated from point correspondences tracked through a sequence of images were used in the integration. Also a prefilter is utilized to smooth out the noise associated with the vision sensor (camera) measurements. Finally, the position locations based on the vision sensor are integrated with the inertial system in a decentralized format using a Kalman filter. The vision/inertial integrated position estimates are successfully compared with those from inertial/GPS system output. This successful comparison demonstrates that vision can be used successfully to supplement the inertial measurements during potential GPS outages. C1 [Sarkar, Sudeep] Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Gunaratne, Manjriker] Univ S Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Randeniya, Duminda I. B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Decis Engn Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gunaratne, Manjriker] NASA, Robert Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Gunaratne, Manjriker] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Randeniya, DIB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Decis Engn Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sarkar, Sudeep/A-8213-2009 OI Sarkar, Sudeep/0000-0001-7332-4207 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8232-6 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2009 BP 107 EP 130 PG 24 WC Business; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Management SC Business & Economics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BJY05 UT WOS:000267390500008 ER PT J AU Sherif, J Singhania, R AF Sherif, Joseph Singhania, Ram TI Extracting order from chaos SO KYBERNETES LA English DT Article DE Cybernetics; Chaos theory; Number theory; Arithmetic AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to advance research that portrays chaos in number theory. Classical and quantum physics, and lately pure mathematics and system that exhibit deductive inference produced randomness and unpredictability over time. Design/methodology/approach - This paper discusses the fact that in raising numbers to higher powers, it is noticed that the scale of intensities of order and tidiness is very poor and chaos occurs mainly when numbers are raised to even powers. When numbers are raised to odd powers, the chaos is obtained still, but was able to extract order from this chaos strangely enough. Findings - Linear relationships if left to themselves long enough will eventually produce disorderly chaotic and inconsistent results. Chaos are being found where the order was thought to be found. But then, looking more closely, unexplained order is being found in what looked like chaos. Practical implications - The results of this research may be applied to develop algorithms for random number generation and also for developing encryption algorithms for routers security and privacy. Originality/value - The paper tackles one of the most unexplained phenomena where scientists are findings chaos where they thought they would find order. C1 [Sherif, Joseph; Singhania, Ram] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. [Sherif, Joseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Sherif, J (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. EM jsherif@fullerton.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0368-492X J9 KYBERNETES JI Kybernetes PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1014 EP 1020 DI 10.1108/03684920910973216 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA 481TT UT WOS:000268835500011 ER PT B AU Casagli, N Tofani, V Adler, RF AF Casagli, Nicola Tofani, Veronica Adler, Robert F. BE Sassa, K Canuti, P TI A Look from Space SO LANDSLIDES - DISASTER RISK REDUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Landslide Forum CY NOV 18-21, 2008 CL United Nat Univ, Tokyo, JAPAN HO United Nat Univ DE Remote sensing; Landslide mapping; Monitoring; Hazard assessment; SAR interferometry; Optical imagery ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; LANDSLIDE HAZARD ASSESSMENT; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SLOPE INSTABILITY; SAR INTERFEROMETRY; PERMANENT SCATTERERS; RAINFALL INTENSITY; MONITORING LANDSLIDES; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES AB Remote sensing can broadly be described as the detecting and measuring of electromagnetic energy emitted or reflected from distant objects. The measured electromagnetic energy which comes from different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum can be used to retrieve information on the properties of the earth surface. The purpose of this chapter is to present an overview of the current application of remote sensing to landslides detection (section 2), monitoring (section 3) and hazard analysis (section 4) and to illustrate how researchers around the world are currently using remote sensing techniques to map, monitor and manage landslides (section 5). C1 [Casagli, Nicola; Tofani, Veronica] Univ Florence, Dept Earth Sci, Via G La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Adler, Robert F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Casagli, N (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dept Earth Sci, Via G La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy. EM nicola.casagli@unifi.it RI Tofani, Veronica/B-6861-2016; Casagli, Nicola/B-6882-2016; OI TOFANI, VERONICA/0000-0003-2622-2034 NR 120 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-69966-8 PY 2009 BP 287 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-69970-5_18 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences; Geology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BIT94 UT WOS:000262710300019 ER PT B AU Hoffman, JA AF Hoffman, Jeffrey A. BE Goethals, GR Wren, JT TI Exploration and Discovery in Space SO LEADERSHIP AND DISCOVERY SE Jepson Studies in Leadership LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hoffman, Jeffrey A.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hoffman, Jeffrey A.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Hoffman, Jeffrey A.] MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hoffman, Jeffrey A.] NASA, Washington, DC USA. [Hoffman, Jeffrey A.] US Embassy, Paris, France. RP Hoffman, JA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-10163-0 J9 JEPSON STUD LEADERSH PY 2009 BP 121 EP 141 D2 10.1057/9780230101630 PG 21 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA BRW65 UT WOS:000283799800008 ER PT S AU Brice, CA Rosenberger, BT Sankaran, SN Taminger, KM Woods, B Nasserrafi, R AF Brice, Craig A. Rosenberger, Brian T. Sankaran, Sankara N. Taminger, Karen M. Woods, Bryan Nasserrafi, Rahbar BE Dargusch, MS Keay, SM TI Chemistry Control In Electron Beam Deposited Titanium Alloys SO LIGHT METALS TECHNOLOGY 2009 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Light Metals Technology Conference (LMT 2009) CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2009 CL Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Partnership Light Met, CSIRO Light Met Flagship, CAST CRC, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Design Light Met DE electron beam; titanium; direct manufacturing AB Direct manufacturing of metallic materials has gained widespread interest in the past decade. Of the methods that are currently under evaluation, wire-fed electron beam deposition holds the most promise for producing large-scale titanium parts for aerospace applications [1]. This method provides the cleanest processing environment as the deposition is performed under vacuum. While this environment is beneficial in preventing contamination of the deposit, there is the potential for preferential vaporization of high vapor pressure elements during the deposition process. This can lead to detrimental chemistry variations, which can have negative impacts on physical and mechanical properties. Past experience has shown that deposition of the alloy Ti-6Al-4V using electron beam direct manufacturing can produce material with aluminum content below the specification minimum [2]. As aluminum has a high vapor pressure with respect to titanium and vanadium, it preferentially vaporizes from the molten pool. This aluminum loss scales with the size of the molten pool and thus the chemical content can vary throughout the build. Compensating for this loss is necessary in order to achieve nominal chemistry in the deposited material. This paper examines established processing conditions for direct manufacturing of titanium, quantitatively determines deposited alloy chemistry changes under various conditions. and suggests a feedstock composition that will result in deposited material with nominal Ti-6Al-4V chemistry. C1 [Brice, Craig A.; Rosenberger, Brian T.] Lockheed Martin Aeronaut Co, 1 Lockheed Blvd, Ft Worth, TX 76108 USA. [Sankaran, Sankara N.] Lockheed Martin Informat Syst & Global Serv, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Taminger, Karen M.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Woods, Bryan; Nasserrafi, Rahbar] Spirit Aerosyst, Wichita, KS 67210 USA. RP Brice, CA (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Aeronaut Co, 1 Lockheed Blvd, Ft Worth, TX 76108 USA. EM craig.a.brice@lmco.com NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2009 VL 618-619 BP 155 EP + PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BKV03 UT WOS:000269310200029 ER PT B AU Davis, AB Polonsky, IN Marshak, A AF Davis, Anthony B. Polonsky, Igor N. Marshak, Alexander BE Kokhanovsky, AA TI Space-time Green functions for diffusive radiation transport, in application to active and passive cloud probing SO LIGHT SCATTERING REVIEWS 4: SINGLE LIGHT SCATTERING AND RADIOACTIVE TRANSFER SE Springer-Praxis Books in Environmental Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OXYGEN-A-BAND; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING LIDAR; REFLECTED SOLAR-RADIATION; CORRELATED RANDOM MEDIUM; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; MOLECULAR LINE ABSORPTION; INDEPENDENT PIXEL APPROXIMATION; DENSITY-FUNCTION DERIVATION; NONSTATIONARY LIGHT FIELD; EFFECTIVE PARTICLE RADIUS C1 [Davis, Anthony B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Polonsky, Igor N.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Marshak, Alexander] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Davis, AB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Anthony.B.Davis@jpl.nasa.gov; polonsky@atmos.colostate.edu; Alexander.Marshak@nasa.gov NR 272 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-74275-3 J9 S-P B ENVIRON SCI PY 2009 BP 169 EP 292 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74276-0_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-74276-0 PG 124 WC Environmental Sciences; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Optics GA BKI98 UT WOS:000268241600005 ER PT S AU Edgar, RJ Sanders, WT Smith, RK Morgenthaler, JP AF Edgar, Richard J. Sanders, Wilton T. Smith, Randall K. Morgenthaler, Jeffrey P. BE Kuntz, KD Smith, RK Snowden, SL TI The Spectrum of the 1/4 keV Band Diffuse Soft X-ray Background SO LOCAL BUBBLE AND BEYOND II SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Local Bubble and Beyond CY APR 21-24, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, XMM-Newton Guest Observer Fac DE Instrumentation; backgrounds ID SOLAR-WIND; EMISSION AB The spectrum of the 145-284 eV (42-85 Angstrom) band of a portion of the diffuse x-ray sky was obtained in 1993 by the Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer. We compare these data to a model including a computation of the spectra of a few ions due to solar wind charge exchange in the heliosphere, obtaining solar wind parameter ranges by studying the in situ observations at a similar phase in the following solar cycle, i.e. in 2003. The one spectral feature which is consistent with an unblended, isolated line is coincident with the hydrogenic oxygen Balmer gamma (n=5 to 2) transition, which should be strongly pumped by charge exchange. C1 [Edgar, Richard J.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sanders, Wilton T.] NASA, HQ, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Smith, Randall K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Morgenthaler, Jeffrey P.] Planetary Sci Inst, Ft Kent, ME 04743 USA. RP Edgar, RJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NASA [NAS8-03060]; Chandra X-ray Center at SAO FX We thank the ACE SWEPAM and SWICS instrument teams and the ACE Science Center for the use of data from these instruments. Sunspot data were obtained from SIDC, RWC Belgium, World Data Center for the Sunspot Index, Royal Observatory of Belgium. RJE acknowledges support from NASA contract NAS8-03060 (the Chandra X-ray Center) at SAO. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0693-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1156 BP 24 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BNE30 UT WOS:000274259900003 ER PT S AU Anderson, LD Bania, TM Snowden, SL AF Anderson, L. D. Bania, T. M. Snowden, S. L. BE Kuntz, KD Smith, RK Snowden, SL TI Mapping the Hot ISM Using X-Ray Shadowing Towards Infrared Dark Clouds SO LOCAL BUBBLE AND BEYOND II SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Local Bubble and Beyond CY APR 21-24, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, XMM-Newton Guest Observer Fac DE X-rays: ISM; X-rays: diffuse background ID GALACTIC RING SURVEY; GALAXY AB We made an X-ray shadowing experiment toward the infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G28.37+0.07 using XMM-Newton (OBSID 0302970301). X-ray shadowing is the only known method of determining the distribution of hot plasma in the plane of the Milky Way. IRDCs are ideal X-ray shadowing targets due to their very high column densities (similar to 10(21) - 10(23) cm(-2)) and the fact that their distances can be derived from H I self-absorption studies and morphological matches with molecular gas. Our pilot study of three IRDCs focuses on clouds near 30 degrees Galactic Longitude that have distances 3 to 5 kpc from the Sun. Here we focus on the best shadowing candidate of our pilot study, IRDC G28.37+0.07 which is similar to 5 kpc from the Sun. We are planning a larger X-ray shadowing survey that will cover multiple sky positions and map molecular clouds at varying distances along neighboring lines of sight. These data will allow us to determine the three-dimensional distribution of hot plasma in the Galactic plane. Such a map of the hot gas distribution will provide important information about the evolution of the interstellar medium and help constrain the energy balance and chemical evolution of our Galaxy. C1 [Anderson, L. D.; Bania, T. M.] Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Snowden, S. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Anderson, LD (reprint author), Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI Snowden, Steven/D-5292-2012; Bania, Thomas/H-2318-2014 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0693-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1156 BP 29 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BNE30 UT WOS:000274259900004 ER PT S AU Robertson, IP Kuntz, KD Collier, MR Cravens, TE Snowden, SL AF Robertson, Ina P. Kuntz, Kip D. Collier, Michael R. Cravens, Thomas E. Snowden, Steven L. BE Kuntz, KD Smith, RK Snowden, SL TI The Heliospheric Contribution to the Soft X-ray Background Emission SO LOCAL BUBBLE AND BEYOND II SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Local Bubble and Beyond CY APR 21-24, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, XMM-Newton Guest Observer Fac DE X-ray; Local Bubble; charge exchange; heliosphere; solar wind ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; SOLAR-WIND; CHARGE-TRANSFER; ROSAT PSPC; NEUTRALS; MAPS AB The soft X-ray background observed from Earth contains contributions not only from outside the solar system such as the local bubble but also contributions from within the solar system, including contributions from the interplanetary medium, from the terrestrial geocorona, and from the magnetosheath. Great effort was spent on removing non-cosmic contamination from data collected during the ROSAT all-sky survey. Some of the contamination is the X-ray emission produced from charge exchange of solar wind ions with interstellar and geocoronal neutral gas. The time-varying component of this contamination was removed for the ROSAT survey, but the steady-state component was not. In this chapter, we present ROSAT 1/4-keV and 3/4-keV band all-sky maps of the cosmic soft X-ray emission with the steady state heliospheric and geocoronal components removed via modeling procedures. These new determinations of the "true" cosmic background X-ray emission will allow a rc-interpretation of the nature of the local hot bubble. In particular, the thermal pressure of the bubble gas must be about a factor of two less than the pressures deduced from the original ROSAT all-sky survey. C1 [Robertson, Ina P.; Cravens, Thomas E.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Malott Hall,1251 Wescoe Hall Dr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Kuntz, Kip D.; Collier, Michael R.; Snowden, Steven L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kuntz, Kip D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Robertson, IP (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Malott Hall,1251 Wescoe Hall Dr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RI Snowden, Steven/D-5292-2012; Collier, Michael/I-4864-2013 OI Collier, Michael/0000-0001-9658-6605 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH06ZDA001N-ADP]; Science Mission Directorate's Astrophysics Division FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNH06ZDA001N-ADP issued through the Science Mission Directorate's Astrophysics Division. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0693-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1156 BP 52 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BNE30 UT WOS:000274259900006 ER PT S AU Snowden, SL Kuntz, KD Collier, MR AF Snowden, S. L. Kuntz, K. D. Collier, M. R. BE Kuntz, KD Smith, RK Snowden, SL TI SWCX Emission from the Helium Focusing Cone - Preliminary Results SO LOCAL BUBBLE AND BEYOND II SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Local Bubble and Beyond CY APR 21-24, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, XMM-Newton Guest Observer Fac DE X-rays; observations, Solar System ID XMM-NEWTON C1 [Snowden, S. L.; Collier, M. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kuntz, K. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Henry A Rowland Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Snowden, SL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Snowden, Steven/D-5292-2012; Collier, Michael/I-4864-2013 OI Collier, Michael/0000-0001-9658-6605 FU NASA XMM-Newton GO FX This paper was based on an observation obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member Statesand NASA. The ACE Level 2 data were obtained from the ACEScience Center web interface. This work was supported by a NASA XMM-Newton GO grants. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0693-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1156 BP 90 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BNE30 UT WOS:000274259900010 ER PT S AU Collier, MR Abbey, TF Bannister, NP Carter, JA Choi, M Cravens, T Evans, M Fraser, GW Hills, HK Kuntz, K Lyons, J Omidi, N Porter, FS Read, AM Robertson, I Rozmarynowski, P Sembay, S Sibeck, DG Snowden, SL Stubbs, T Travnicek, P AF Collier, M. R. Abbey, T. F. Bannister, N. P. Carter, J. A. Choi, M. Cravens, T. Evans, M. Fraser, G. W. Hills, H. K. Kuntz, K. Lyons, J. Omidi, N. Porter, F. S. Read, A. M. Robertson, I. Rozmarynowski, P. Sembay, S. Sibeck, D. G. Snowden, S. L. Stubbs, T. Travnicek, P. BE Kuntz, KD Smith, RK Snowden, SL TI The Lunar X-ray Observatory (LXO)/Magnetosheath Explorer in X-rays (MagEX) SO LOCAL BUBBLE AND BEYOND II SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Local Bubble and Beyond CY APR 21-24, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP NASA , Goddard Space Flight Ctr, XMM-Newton Guest Observer Fac DE X-rays:diffuse background ID EMISSION AB X-ray observations of solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) emission, a nuisance to astrophysicists, will dramatically enhance our ability to determine the structure and variability of the Earth's magnetosheath. Such observations could be made from the lunar surface or an Earth-orbiting spacecraft and will resolve key controversies about magnetopause physics as well as better characterize SWCX emission with the aim of avoiding or removing it from astrophysical observations. C1 [Collier, M. R.; Choi, M.; Lyons, J.; Porter, F. S.; Rozmarynowski, P.; Sibeck, D. G.; Snowden, S. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Collier, MR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Sibeck, David/D-4424-2012; Snowden, Steven/D-5292-2012; Collier, Michael/I-4864-2013; Stubbs, Timothy/I-5139-2013; Travnicek, Pavel/G-8608-2014 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; Collier, Michael/0000-0001-9658-6605; Stubbs, Timothy/0000-0002-5524-645X; NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0693-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1156 BP 105 EP 111 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BNE30 UT WOS:000274259900013 ER PT S AU Andersson, BG Potter, SB AF Andersson, B-G Potter, S. B. BE Kuntz, KD Smith, RK Snowden, SL TI The Magnetic Field in the Local Bubble Wall towards l,b similar to 300,0 SO LOCAL BUBBLE AND BEYOND II SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Local Bubble and Beyond CY APR 21-24, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, XMM-Newton Guest Observer Fac DE Polarization; magnetic fields ID INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; CLOUD; DUST; POLARIZATION; VELOCITY; DENSITY; CORES AB Magnetic fields are thought to play important roles in many areas of interstellar medium dynamics by providing pressure terms as well as resisting the flow of charged particles across field lines. Observationally probably the easiest tracer of the magnetic field is the interstellar polarization, induced by asymmetric dust grains aligned with the magnetic field. Using the well-known Chadrasekhar-Fermi method we can use the dispersion in the polarization angles to derive an estimate of the plane-of-the-sky field component. Complementary measurements of Zeeman splitting in the H I or OH lines, or Faraday rotation of the emission from a background radio source, can provide the line-of-sight component. Here we use polarization of a set of stars with known distances to estimate a magnetic field strength in the wall of the Local Bubble, in a region towards l,b similar to(300,0), of similar to 8 mu G, equivalent to a thermal pressure of similar to 18,000 K cm(-3). As the bubble wall likely constitutes swept-up material, we argue that this plane-of-the-sky field is fully consistent with a weak, or non-detected, line-of-sight field. C1 [Andersson, B-G] NASA, SOFIA Sci Ctr USRA, Ames Res Ctr, MS N211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Potter, S. B.] South African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Andersson, BG (reprint author), NASA, SOFIA Sci Ctr USRA, Ames Res Ctr, MS N211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. OI Andersson, B-G/0000-0001-6717-0686 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0693-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1156 BP 146 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BNE30 UT WOS:000274259900019 ER PT B AU Hilbe, JM AF Hilbe, Joseph M. BA Hilbe, JM BF Hilbe, JM TI Logistic Regression Models Introduction SO LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELS SE Chapman & Hall CRC Texts in Statistical Science Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; QUADRATIC INFERENCE FUNCTIONS; WORKING-CORRELATION-STRUCTURE; MULTINOMIAL LOGIT MODEL; CLUSTER-CORRELATED DATA; QUASI-LEAST SQUARES; ESTIMATING EQUATIONS; LONGITUDINAL DATA; SPECIFICATION TESTS; VARIANCE-ESTIMATION C1 [Hilbe, Joseph M.] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hilbe, Joseph M.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Hilbe, JM (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 0 TC 230 Z9 231 U1 0 U2 3 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4200-7575-5 J9 CH CRC TEXT STAT SCI PY 2009 BP 1 EP + PG 25 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BJZ19 UT WOS:000267514200001 ER PT S AU Moseley, SH AF Moseley, Samuel Harvey BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Scientific Applications and Promise of Cryogenic Detector Arrays SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Cryogenic Detectors; Low Tempearature Detectors; Arrays; Cosmic Microwave Background; CMB; Polarization; TES; MKID; microwave circuits ID TRANSITION EDGE SENSORS; ELECTROTHERMAL FEEDBACK; SERIES ARRAY; 1ST LIGHT; BOLOMETERS; MULTIPLEXER; AMPLIFIER; CAMERA; NOISE AB During the past year, the first results from a new generation of instruments based on kilopixel-scale arrays of cryogenic detectors have been released. I will review the history of low temperature detector arrays which has enabled this development, the science which has driven this rapid progress, describe the instruments now in operation and their initial scientific results, and speculate on the developments we may see in the next decade C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Observat Cosmol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Moseley, SH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Observat Cosmol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Harvey.Moseley@nasa.gov RI Moseley, Harvey/D-5069-2012 NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 9 EP 19 DI 10.1063/1.3292460 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500002 ER PT S AU Smith, SJ Adams, JS Bandler, SR Brekosky, RP Brown, AD Chervenak, JA Eckart, ME Finkbeiner, FM Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Porter, FS Sadleir, JE AF Smith, Stephen J. Adams, Joe S. Bandler, Simon R. Brekosky, Regis P. Brown, Ari-D. Chervenak, James A. Eckart, Megan E. Finkbeiner, Fred M. Kelley, Richard L. Kilbourne, Caroline A. Porter, F. Scott Sadleir, John E. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Optimizing Transition-Edge Sensor Design for High Count-Rate Applications SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawernce Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Transition-edge sensor; imaging array; excess noise ID RAY; LINES AB We are developing transition-edge sensor (TES) X-ray detectors optimized for high count-rate applications. These devices are fabricated on thick (300 mu m) Si substrates, resulting in a 20 times increase in thermal conductance to the heat sink compared to our conventional membrane isolated TES's. Operating a TES with higher heat sink conductance requires 4.5 times more bias current. This results in a 2.7 times increase in beta, the logarithmic derivative of resistance with respect to current. Noise measurements show a lower limit on the TES excess noise scales as (2 beta)(1/2), consistent with the near-equilibrium, non-linear expansion of the Ohmic Johnson noise. This is consistent with our membrane devices though the increased beta means the theoretical best attainable resolution is degraded by 25-35%. We have tested devices with different contact geometries between the absorber, and the TES and substrate. This allows us to investigate the loss of athermal phonons to the substrate, which can degrade the resolution. Results show a correlation between the stem contact area and a low-energy tail in the spectral response at 5.9 keV due to the athermal phonon loss. In several devices tested we demonstrate a resolution of 4.1-5.6 eV, coupled with detector time constants as fast as 44 its, representing an increase in detector response by 7 times compared to the membrane devices. C1 [Smith, Stephen J.; Adams, Joe S.; Bandler, Simon R.; Brekosky, Regis P.; Brown, Ari-D.; Chervenak, James A.; Eckart, Megan E.; Finkbeiner, Fred M.; Kelley, Richard L.; Kilbourne, Caroline A.; Porter, F. Scott; Sadleir, John E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Smith, SJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Smith, Stephen/B-1256-2008; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Smith, Stephen/0000-0003-4096-4675; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 23 EP 26 DI 10.1063/1.3292322 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500003 ER PT S AU Jethava, N Ullom, JN Irwin, KD Doriese, WB Beall, JA Hilton, GC Vale, LR Zink, B AF Jethava, Nikhil Ullom, Joel N. Irwin, Kent D. Doriese, W. B. Beall, J. A. Hilton, G. C. Vale, L. R. Zink, Barry BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI a Dependence of Excess Noise on the Partial Derivatives of Resistance in Superconducting Transition Edge Sensors SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Superconducting Transition Edge Sensors; Microcalorimeter; Excess noise; Unexplained noise AB We have measured the relation between sensor noise and the steepness (alpha = T/R.dR/dT and beta I/R.dR/dI of the superconducting transition for various superconducting transition edge sensors. The measurements are performed on square Mo/Cu bilayer thermistors of three sizes (125 mu m, 250 mu m and 400 mu m), which are fabricated for X-ray detection. We have identified the devices in two regimes: a) alpha > 100 and b) alpha < 100. The devices with a smaller than 100 strictly follow non-linear bolometer and micro-calorimeter noise theory while in most devices with a greater than 100, we see an unexplained noise contribution. C1 [Jethava, Nikhil] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ullom, Joel N.; Irwin, Kent D.; Doriese, W. B.; Beall, J. A.; Hilton, G. C.; Vale, L. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zink, Barry] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Jethava, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Zink, Barry/0000-0001-7732-532X NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 31 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292343 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500005 ER PT S AU Jethava, N Ullom, JN Bennett, DA Irwin, KD Horansky, RD Beall, JA Hilton, GC Vale, LR Hoover, A Bacrania, MK Rabin, MW AF Jethava, N. Ullom, J. N. Bennett, D. A. Irwin, K. D. Horansky, R. D. Beall, J. A. Hilton, G. C. Vale, L. R. Hoover, A. Bacrania, M. K. Rabin, M. W. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Characterization of Thermal Cross-talk in a gamma-ray Microcalorimeter Array SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Superconducting Transition Edge Sensor (TES); microcalorimeter; gamma-ray; cross-talk AB We present experimental data describing cross-talk within an array of gamma-ray microcalorimeters during gamma-ray irradiation. The microcalorimeters consist of Mo/Cu transition-edge sensors (TESs) with attached Sn absorbers. We observe both thermal and electrical cross-talk with peak cross-talk amplitudes as large as 0.4%. We have developed an analytical model for thermal cross-talk and make a preliminary comparison to data. Cross-talk must be understood and minimized for high resolution spectroscopy at high input count rates. C1 [Jethava, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ullom, J. N.; Bennett, D. A.; Irwin, K. D.; Horansky, R. D.; Beall, J. A.; Hilton, G. C.; Vale, L. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hoover, A.; Bacrania, M. K.; Rabin, M. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jethava, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012 OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 FU U.S. Department of Energy through the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 34 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292349 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500006 ER PT S AU Kenyon, M Day, PK Bradford, CM Bock, JJ Leduc, HG AF Kenyon, M. Day, P. K. Bradford, C. M. Bock, J. J. Leduc, H. G. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Ultra-sensitive transition-edge sensors (TESs) for far-IR/submm space-borne spectroscopy SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawernce Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE transition-edge sensor; far-IR spectrometer; submillimeter spectrometer; Si(x)N(y) heat capacity ID HEAT AB We have built surface micromachined thin-film metallized Si(x)N(y) optical absorbers for transition-edge sensors (TESs) suitable for the Background-Limited far-IR/Submm Spectrograph (BLISS). BLISS is a broadband (38 mu m-433 mu m), grating spectrometer consisting of five wavebands each with a modest resolution of R similar to 1000. Because BLISS requires the effective noise equivalent power (NEP) of the TES to be below 10(-19) W/Hz(1/2), our TESs consist of four long (1000 mu m), narrow (0.4 mu m), and thin (0.25 mu m) Si(x)N(y) support beams that reduce the thermal conductance G between the substrate and the optical absorber. To reduce the heat capacity of the absorber and make the response time tau fast enough for BLISS, our absorbers are patterned into a mesh geometry with a fill factor of less than 10%. We use a bilayer of Ti/Au to make the effective impedance of the absorber match the impedance of the incoming radiation for each band. Measurements of the response time of the metallized absorbers to heat pulses show that their heat capacity exceeds the predictions of the Debye model. Our results are suggestive that the surface of the low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) Si(x)N(y) used in the absorbers' construction is the source of microstates that dominate the heat capacity. C1 [Kenyon, M.; Day, P. K.; Bradford, C. M.; Bock, J. J.; Leduc, H. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kenyon, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 56 EP 59 DI 10.1063/1.3292406 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500011 ER PT S AU Staguhn, JG Benford, DJ Arendt, R Chuss, DT Fixsen, D George, J Jhabvala, CA Maher, SF Miller, TM Moseley, SH Sharp, EH Ungerechts, H Wollack, EJ AF Staguhn, Johannes G. Benford, Dominic J. Arendt, Richard Chuss, David T. Fixsen, Dale George, Jithin Jhabvala, Christine A. Maher, Stephen F. Miller, Timothy M. Moseley, S. Harvey Sharp, Elmer H. Ungerechts, Hans Wollack, Edward J. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI The GISMO 2 Millimeter Camera SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Bolometer array; high redshift galaxies; sky noise AB In October 2008, for the second time we demonstrated a monolithic Backshort Under Grid (BUG) 8x16 TES array in the field using our 2 mm wavelength imager GISMO (Goddard TRAM Superconducting 2 Millimeter Observer) at the IRAM 30 m telescope in Spain. We present astronomical results from this observing run together with a discussion of the instrument performance. C1 [Staguhn, Johannes G.; Benford, Dominic J.; Arendt, Richard; Chuss, David T.; Fixsen, Dale; Jhabvala, Christine A.; Maher, Stephen F.; Miller, Timothy M.; Moseley, S. Harvey; Sharp, Elmer H.; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Staguhn, Johannes G.; Arendt, Richard; Fixsen, Dale; George, Jithin] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Maher, Stephen F.] Sci Syst & Applicat, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Miller, Timothy M.] MEI Technol, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Ungerechts, Hans] IRAM, E-18012 Granada, Spain. [Sharp, Elmer H.] Global Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Staguhn, JG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Arendt, Richard/0000-0001-8403-8548 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 64 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292425 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500013 ER PT S AU Santavicca, DF Reulet, B Karasik, BS Pereverzev, SV Olaya, D Gershenson, ME Frunzio, L Prober, DE AF Santavicca, D. F. Reulet, B. Karasik, B. S. Pereverzev, S. V. Olaya, D. Gershenson, M. E. Frunzio, L. Prober, D. E. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Characterization of Terahertz Single-Photon-Sensitive Bolometric Detectors Using a Pulsed Microwave Technique SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE terahertz; single-photon detector; calorimeter; superconducting bolometer; energy resolution ID ASTROPHYSICS AB We describe a technique for characterizing bolometric detectors that have sufficient sensitivity to count single terahertz photons. The device is isolated from infrared blackbody radiation and a single terahertz photon is simulated by a fast microwave pulse, where the absorbed energy of the pulse is equal to the photon energy. We have employed this technique to characterize bolometric detectors consisting of a superconducting titanium nanobridge with niobium contacts. Present devices have T-c = 0.3 K and a measured intrinsic energy resolution of approximately 6 terahertz full-width at half-maximum, near the predicted value due to intrinsic thermal fluctuation noise, with a time constant of 2 mu s. An intrinsic energy resolution of 1 terahertz should be achievable by reducing the volume of the titanium nanobridge. Such a detector has important applications in future space-based terahertz astronomy missions. C1 [Santavicca, D. F.; Frunzio, L.; Prober, D. E.] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Reulet, B.] Univ Paris 11, Lab Phys Solides, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Karasik, B. S.; Pereverzev, S. V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Olaya, D.; Gershenson, M. E.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Santavicca, DF (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. OI Frunzio, Luigi/0000-0002-0272-5481 FU Yale University [NSFCHE-0616875]; Rutgers Academic Excellence Fund [NSF-ECS-0608842]; CNR-Istituto di Cibemetica, Pozzuoh, Italy FX The work at Yale was supported in part by NSFCHE-0616875 and Yale University. The work by B.K.and S.P. was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The work at Rutgers was supported in part by NSF-ECS-0608842 and the Rutgers Academic Excellence Fund. B.R. acknowledges Yale support from the Flint Fund for Nanoscience for research visits during the summers of 2008 and 2009. L.F. acknowledges partial support from CNR-Istituto di Cibemetica, Pozzuoh, Italy. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 72 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292445 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500015 ER PT S AU Porter, FS Fujimoto, R Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Mitsuda, K Ohashi, T AF Porter, F. Scott Fujimoto, Ryuichi Kelley, Richard L. Kilbourne, Caroline A. Mitsuda, Kazuhiasa Ohashi, Takaya CA Astro H SXS Collaboration BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI The Astro-H Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE X-ray detector; Calorimeter; X-ray Spectroscopy ID CALORIMETERS AB The Soft-X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) is a high spectral resolution, cryogenic x-ray spectrometer that will fly on the Japan/U.S. Astro-H observatory in 2014. The SXS is composed of a 36 pixel, imaging, x-ray calorimeter array that will operate at 0.05 K utilizing a 2-stage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator and a redundant pre-cooler design using both a 40 liter liquid helium tank and a 1.7 K Joule-Thomson (JT) cryocooler. Additional redundant Stirling cycle coolers provide pre-cooling for the (JT) and cool the outer thermal shields for the JT and the helium tank. The detector system, while similar to that flown on Suzaku, is composed of larger 0.81x0.81 mm pixels, but has significantly better performance, currently predicted to be better than 4 eV FWHM at 6 keV with 95% quantum efficiency. This instrument is the result of a close collaboration between many institutions in the U.S. and Japan over the last 25 years. Here we will present an overview of the SXS instrument, the SXS cooling system, and recent laboratory improvements to the detector system. C1 [Porter, F. Scott; Kelley, Richard L.; Kilbourne, Caroline A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fujimoto, Ryuichi] Kanazawa Univ, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. [Mitsuda, Kazuhiasa] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ohashi, Takaya] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Aerosp Res & Dev Directorate, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. Saitama Univ, Saitama 3388570, Japan. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Rikkyo Univ, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Astro H SXS Collaboration] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Porter, FS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 91 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500019 ER PT S AU Woodcraft, AL Nguyen, H Bock, J Griffin, M Schulz, B Sibthorpe, B Swinyard, B AF Woodcraft, Adam L. Nguyen, Hien Bock, James Griffin, Matthew Schulz, Bernhard Sibthorpe, Bruce Swinyard, Bruce BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Physics based calibration of the Herschel/SPIRE bolometers SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Sub-mm astronomy; bolometers; NTD germanium; calibration; Herschel; SPIRE AB The bolometers (and readout circuitry) in the SPIRE instrument on the Herschel Space Observatory are among the best understood and well characterised of any sub-mm astronomy instrument to date. SPIRE contains five arrays of NTD germanium spiderweb bolometers with up to 139 pixels per array. Their behaviour has been shown to be extremely stable as seen by repeated measurements in the years between initial array level and final instrument level tests, and can be described extremely well by a simple physical model (the ideal bolometer model). Calibration of the bolometers must take into account the non-linear response when viewing bright sources, and the effect of fluctuations in the heat sink temperature. The simple and well-understood behaviour of the detectors, coupled with the stable conditions expected in flight, mean that in contrast to previous sub-mm instruments, physical models can be used to improve or possibly replace empirical calibration methods. We describe how this can be done, and use the large amount of data from ground measurements to show that we can use models to accurately calculate the absolute power detected by the bolometers. C1 [Woodcraft, Adam L.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, SUPA, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Woodcraft, Adam L.; Sibthorpe, Bruce] UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Nguyen, Hien; Bock, James] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Griffin, Matthew] Cardiff Univ, The Parade, Cardiff Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Schulz, Bernhard] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Swinyard, Bruce] STFC, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 OQX, Oxon, England. RP Woodcraft, AL (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, SUPA, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 95 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292458 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500020 ER PT S AU Andrianov, V Beckert, K Bleile, A Chatterjee, C Echler, A Egelhof, P Gumberidze, A Ilieva, S Kiselev, O Kilbourne, C Kluge, HJ Kraft-Bermuth, S McCammon, D Meier, JP Reuschl, R Stohlker, T Trassinelli, M AF Andrianov, V. Beckert, K. Bleile, A. Chatterjee, Ch. Echler, A. Egelhof, P. Gumberidze, A. Ilieva, S. Kiselev, O. Kilbourne, C. Kluge, H-J. Kraft-Bermuth, S. McCammon, D. Meier, J. P. Reuschl, R. Stoehlker, T. Trassinelli, M. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Precise Lamb Shift Measurements in Hydrogen-Like Heavy Ions - Status and Perspectives SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Calorimetric low temperature detectors for X-rays; Test of QED ID SPECTROSCOPY AB The precise determination of the energy of the Lyman alpha 1 and alpha 2 lines in hydrogen-like heavy ions provides a sensitive test of quantum electrodynamics in very strong Coulomb fields. For the first time, a calorimetric low-temperature detector was applied in an experiment to precisely determine the transition energy of the Lyman lines of lead ions Pb-207(81+) at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI. The detectors consist of silicon thermistors, provided by the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and Pb or Sn absorbers to obtain high quantum efficiency in the energy range of 40-80 keV, where the Doppler-shifted Lyman lines are located. The measured energy of the Lyman alpha 1 line, E(Ly-alpha 1, (207)pb(81+)) = (7793 +/- 12(stat) +/- 23(syst)) eV, agrees within errors with theoretical predictions. The systematic error is mainly due to uncertainties in the non-linear energy calibration of the detectors as well as the relative position of detector and gas-jet target. C1 [Andrianov, V.; Beckert, K.; Bleile, A.; Chatterjee, Ch.; Echler, A.; Egelhof, P.; Gumberidze, A.; Ilieva, S.; Kiselev, O.; Kluge, H-J.; Kraft-Bermuth, S.; Meier, J. P.; Reuschl, R.; Stoehlker, T.; Trassinelli, M.] Gesell Schwerionenforsch GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Andrianov, V.] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Andrianov, V.; Bleile, A.; Echler, A.; Egelhof, P.; Ilieva, S.; Kiselev, O.; Kraft-Bermuth, S.; Meier, J. P.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Mainz, Germany. [Kilbourne, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [McCammon, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Andrianov, V (reprint author), Gesell Schwerionenforsch GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Trassinelli, Martino/M-5326-2016 OI Trassinelli, Martino/0000-0003-4414-1801 FU European Union; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF); Helmholtz Association (HGF) FX would like to thank all the colleagues and collaborators whose material I could use for this report. Support is acknowledged by the European Union, the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) and the Helmholtz Association (HGF). NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 99 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292459 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500021 ER PT S AU Holmes, W Bock, JJ Lange, AE AF Holmes, W. Bock, J. J. Lange, A. E. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Heat Capacity of Neutron Transmutation Doped Ge Type 18 SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE bolometers; heat capacity; NTD Germanium; cryogenics ID HIGH-FREQUENCY INSTRUMENT; THERMAL CONDUCTANCE; NTD GE; BOLOMETERS; QUANTUM; POWER AB We present measurements of the heat capacity of neutron transmutation doped (NTD) Ge temperature sensors from 100-300mK. The NTD Ge sensor studied consists of a 30 mu m x 100 mu m x 250 mu m block of NTD Ge type 18 with the natural isotopic abundance, a doping of n = 5.6 x 10(16)cm(-3) and ion implanted and metallized contact pads. Each sensor was mounted on a freestanding silicon nitride (Si-N) pad supported by Si-N legs each with a cross section in the range 5-10 mu m(2). Two of the Si-N legs were metallized for electrical readout of the NTD Ge sensor. The measured heat capacity of the NTD Ge sensor, which includes the metalization and Si-N pad, when fit to power law C = CoT gamma yields C-o = 4.3pJ/K-gamma and gamma = 1.6. The thermal conductance, G(Si-N), of the Si-N support legs was measured over a larger temperature range 80-800mK. We find G(Si-N) at temperatures < 200mK of all 4 samples is at or below the 1D or quantum of thermal conductance limit. C1 [Holmes, W.; Bock, J. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bock, J. J.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lange, A. E.] CALTECH, Dept Phys Math & Astronom, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Holmes, W (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 103 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292293 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500022 ER PT S AU Noroozian, O Gao, JS Zmuidzinas, J Leduc, HG Mazin, BA AF Noroozian, Omid Gao, Jiansong Zmuidzinas, Jonas LeDuc, Henry G. Mazin, Benjamin A. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Two-level system noise reduction for Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector; Two Level System Noise; Interdigitated Capacitor AB Noise performance is one of the most crucial aspects of any detector. Superconducting Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) have an "excess" frequency noise that shows up as a small time dependent jitter of the resonance frequency characterized by the frequency noise power spectrum measured in units of Hz(2)/Hz. Recent studies have shown that this noise almost certainly originates from a surface layer of two-level system (TLS) defects on the metallization or substrate. Fluctuation of these TLSs introduces noise in the resonator due to coupling of the TLS electric dipole moments to the resonator's electric field. Motivated by a semi-empirical quantitative theory of this noise mechanism, we have designed and tested new resonator geometries in which the high-field "capacitive" portion of the CPW resonator is replaced by an interdigitated capacitor (IDC) structure with 10 20 mu m electrode spacing, as compared to the 2 gm spacing used for our more conventional CPW resonators. Measurements show that this new IDC design has dramatically lower TLS noise, currently by about a factor of 29 in terms of the frequency noise power spectrum, corresponding to an improvement of about a factor of root 29 in NEP. These new devices are replacing the CPW resonators in our next design iteration in progress for MKIDCam. Opportunities and prospects for future reduction of the TLS noise will be discussed. C1 [Noroozian, Omid; Zmuidzinas, Jonas] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gao, Jiansong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [LeDuc, Henry G.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mazin, Benjamin A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Noroozian, O (reprint author), CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Noroozian, Omid/G-3519-2011; Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011 OI Noroozian, Omid/0000-0002-9904-1704; Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114 NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 148 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500031 ER PT S AU Gao, JS Vayonakis, A Noroozian, O Zmuidzinas, J Day, PK Leduc, HG AF Gao, Jiansong Vayonakis, Anastasios Noroozian, Omid Zmuidzinas, Jonas Day, Peter K. Leduc, Henry G. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Measurement of loss in superconducting microstrip at millimeter-wave frequencies SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE kinectic inductance detector; superconducting microstrip; loss tangent AB We have developed a new technique for accurate measurement of the loss of superconducting microstrips at mm-wave frequencies. In this technique, we optically couple power to slot antenna, which is connected to one port of a hybrid coupler. One of the output ports of the hybrid delivers power to a series of mm-wave microstrip resonators which are capacitively coupled to a feedline followed by an MKID (microwave kinetic inductance detector) that measures the transmitted power. Two other MKIDs are connected to the remaining ports of the hybrid to measure the total incident optical power and the power reflected from the mm-wave resonators, allowing vertical bar S-21 vertical bar(2) and vertical bar S-11 vertical bar(2) to be accurately determined and resonance frequency f(r) and quality factor Q to be retrieved. We have fabricated such a Nb/SiO2/Nb microstrip loss test device which contains several mm- wave resonators with f(r) similar to 100 GHz and measured it at 30 mK. All the resonators have shown internal quality factor Q(i) similar to 500 - 2000, suggesting a loss tangent of similar to 5 x 10(-4) 2 x 10(-3) for the SiO2 in use. For comparison, we have also fabricated a 5 GHz microstrip resonator on the same chip and measured it with a network analyzer. The loss tangent at 5 GHz derived from fitting the f(0) and Q data to the two-level system (TLS) model is 6 x 10(-4), about the same as from the mm-wave measurement. This suggests that the loss at both microwave and mm-wave frequencies is probably dominated by the TLS in SiO2. Our results are of direct interest to mm/submm direct detection applications which use microstrip transmission lines (such as antenna-coupled MKIDs and transition-edge sensors), and other applications (such as on-chip filters). Our measurement technique is applicable up to approximately 1 THz and can be used to investigate a range of dielectrics. C1 [Gao, Jiansong; Vayonakis, Anastasios; Noroozian, Omid; Zmuidzinas, Jonas] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Day, Peter K.; Leduc, Henry G.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gao, JS (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Noroozian, Omid/G-3519-2011 OI Noroozian, Omid/0000-0002-9904-1704 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 164 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500035 ER PT S AU Moore, DC Mazin, BA Golwala, S Bumble, B Gao, J Young, BA McHugh, S Day, PK LeDuc, HG Zmuidzinas, J AF Moore, D. C. Mazin, B. A. Golwala, S. Bumble, B. Gao, J. Young, B. A. McHugh, S. Day, P. K. LeDuc, H. G. Zmuidzinas, J. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Quasiparticle Trapping in Microwave Kinetic Inductance Strip Detectors SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Microwave kinetic inductance detectors; strip detectors; WIMP dark matter detectors; quasiparticle trapping AB Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) are thin-film, superconducting resonators, which are attractive for making large detector arrays due to their natural frequency domain multiplexing at GHz frequencies. For X-ray to IR wavelengths, MKIDs can provide high-resolution energy and timing information for each incoming photon. By fabricating strip detectors consisting of a rectangular absorber coupled to MKIDs at each end, high quantum efficiency and spatial resolution can be obtained. A similar geometry is being pursued for phonon sensing in a WIMP dark matter detector. Various materials have been tested including tantalum, tin, and aluminum for the absorbing strip, and aluminum, titanium, and aluminum manganese for the MKID. Initial Ta/Al X-ray devices have shown energy resolutions as good as 62 eV at 6 keV. A Ta/Al UV strip detector with an energy resolution of 0.8 eV at 4.9 eV has been demonstrated, but we find the coupling of the MKIDs to the absorbers is unreliable for these thinner devices. We report on progress probing the thicknesses at which the absorber/MKID coupling begins to degrade by using a resonator to inject quasiparticles directly into the absorber. In order to eliminate the absorber/MKID interface, a modified design for implanted AlMn/Al UV strip detectors was developed, and results showing good transmission of quasiparticles from the absorber to MKID in these devices are presented. C1 [Moore, D. C.; Golwala, S.; Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mazin, B. A.; McHugh, S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Bumble, B.; Day, P. K.; LeDuc, H. G.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gao, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Young, B. A.] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Phys, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. RP Moore, DC (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011 OI Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114 FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology, under a contract wtth the National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract wtth the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We would like to thank the JPL Research and Technology Development program, and the Gordon and Betty Moore foundation, for their generous support. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 168 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500036 ER PT S AU Czakon, NG Vayonakis, A Schlaerth, J Hollister, MI Golwala, S Day, PK Gao, JS Glenn, J LeDuc, H Maloney, PR Mazin, B Noroozian, O Nguyen, HT Sayers, J Vaillancourt, JE Zmuidzinas, J AF Czakon, N. G. Vayonakis, A. Schlaerth, J. Hollister, M. I. Golwala, S. Day, P. K. Gao, J. -S. Glenn, J. LeDuc, H. Maloney, P. R. Mazin, B. Noroozian, O. Nguyen, H. T. Sayers, J. Vaillancourt, J. E. Zmuidzinas, J. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector (MKID) Camera Testing for Submillimeter Astronomy SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE submillimeter instrumentation; kinetic inductance detectors AB Developing kilopixel focal planes for incoherent submm- and mm-wave detectors remains challenging due to either the large hardware overhead or the complexity of multiplexing standard detectors. Microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) provide a efficient means to produce fully lithographic background-limited kilopixel focal planes. We are constructing an MKID-based camera for the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory with 576 spatial pixels each simultaneously sensitive in 4 bands at 230, 300, 350, and 400 GHz. The novelty of MKIDs has required us to develop new techniques for detector characterization. We have measured quasiparticle lifetimes and resonator Qs for detector bath temperatures between 200 mK and 400 mK. Equivalent lifetime measurements were made by coupling energy into the resonators either optically or by driving the third harmonic of the resonator. To determine optical loading, we use both lifetime and internal Q measurements, which range between 15,000 and 30,000 for our resonators. Spectral bandpass measurements confirm the placement of the 230 and 350 GHz bands. Additionally, beam maps measurements conform to expectations. The same device design has been characterized on both sapphire and silicon substrates, and for different detector geometries. We also report on the incorporation of new shielding to reduce detector sensitivity to local magnetic fields. C1 [Czakon, N. G.; Vayonakis, A.; Hollister, M. I.; Golwala, S.; Gao, J. -S.; Noroozian, O.; Sayers, J.; Vaillancourt, J. E.; Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Schlaerth, J.; Glenn, J.; Maloney, P. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Day, P. K.; LeDuc, H.; Nguyen, H. T.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mazin, B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Czakon, NG (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011; Noroozian, Omid/G-3519-2011 OI Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114; Noroozian, Omid/0000-0002-9904-1704 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 172 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292308 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500037 ER PT S AU Maloney, PR Czakon, NG Day, PK Duan, R Gao, J Glenn, J Golwala, S Hollister, M LeDuc, HG Mazin, B Noroozian, O Nguyen, HT Sayers, J Schlaerth, J Vaillancourt, JE Vayonakis, A Wilson, P Zmuidzinas, J AF Maloney, P. R. Czakon, N. G. Day, P. K. Duan, R. Gao, J. Glenn, J. Golwala, S. Hollister, M. LeDuc, H. G. Mazin, B. Noroozian, O. Nguyen, H. T. Sayers, J. Schlaerth, J. Vaillancourt, J. E. Vayonakis, A. Wilson, P. Zmuidzinas, J. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI The MKID Camera SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Radio Telescopes and Instrumentation; Superconducting infrared; submillimeter; millimeter-wave detectors AB The MKID Camera project is a collaborative effort of Caltech, JPL, the University of Colorado, and UC Santa Barbara to develop a large-format, multi-color millimeter and submillimeter-wavelength camera for astronomy using microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs). These are superconducting, micro-resonators fabricated from thin aluminum and niobium films. We couple the MKIDs to multi-slot antennas and measure the change in surface impedance produced by photon-induced breaking of Cooper pairs. The readout is almost entirely at room temperature and can be highly multiplexed; in principle hundreds or even thousands of resonators could be read out on a single feedline. The camera will have 576 spatial pixels that image simultaneously in four bands at 750, 850, 1100 and 1300 microns. It is scheduled for deployment at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory in the summer of 2010. We present an overview of the camera design and readout and describe the current status of testing and fabrication. C1 [Maloney, P. R.; Glenn, J.; Schlaerth, J.] Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Czakon, N. G.; Duan, R.; Golwala, S.; Hollister, M.; Noroozian, O.; Vaillancourt, J. E.; Vayonakis, A.; Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Day, P. K.; LeDuc, H. G.; Nguyen, H. T.; Sayers, J.; Wilson, P.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gao, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mazin, B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Maloney, PR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011; Noroozian, Omid/G-3519-2011; OI Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114; Noroozian, Omid/0000-0002-9904-1704; Vaillancourt, John/0000-0001-8916-1828 FU NSF [AST-0705157]; University of Colorado, NASA [NNGC06C71G]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; JPL Research and Technology Development Fund FX The MKID Camera project is supported by NSF grant AST-0705157 to the University of Colorado, NASA grant NNGC06C71G to Caltech, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the JPL Research and Technology Development Fund. We are grateful to the Xilinx corporation for their generous donation of the FPGAs needed for the readout electronics. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 176 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500038 ER PT S AU Schlaerth, J Golwala, S Zmuidzinas, J Vayonakis, A Gao, J Czakon, N Day, P Glenn, J Hollister, M LeDuc, H Maloney, P Mazin, B Nguyen, H Sayers, J Vaillancourt, J AF Schlaerth, J. Golwala, S. Zmuidzinas, J. Vayonakis, A. Gao, Js. Czakon, N. Day, P. Glenn, J. Hollister, M. LeDuc, H. Maloney, P. Mazin, B. Nguyen, H. Sayers, J. Vaillancourt, J. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Sensitivity Optimization of Millimeter/Submillimeter MKID Camera Pixel Device Design SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Radio Telescopes and Instrumentation; Superconducting infrared; submillimeter and millimeter-wave detectors AB We are using Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors in a sub/millimeter camera for the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. These detectors are microwave resonators that rely on submillimeter and millimeter-wave photons to break Cooper pairs, changing the surface impedance. This changes the resonator frequency and quality factor, Q, and is measured by probe signals sent through a feedline coupled to the detectors. The camera will be divided into 16 independent readout tiles, each of which will fit 144 resonators at different frequencies into 360 MHz of bandwidth. We discuss the effect of readout power and single pixel frequency responsivity on the NEP of the detectors. Finally, we consider the mapping speeds of a full tile as a function of Q, which is controlled through the detector volume. A lower Q at fixed optical power implies greater responsivity, while a higher Q decreases the collision probability - the likelihood that any two resonators will have close enough resonant frequencies for crosstalk to be unacceptably high. We find the optimal design based on these constraints, and the corresponding mapping speeds expected at the telescope. C1 [Schlaerth, J.; Glenn, J.; Maloney, P.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 593 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Golwala, S.; Zmuidzinas, J.; Vayonakis, A.; Czakon, N.; Hollister, M.; Vaillancourt, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gao, Js.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Day, P.; LeDuc, H.; Nguyen, H.; Sayers, J.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mazin, B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Schlaerth, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 593 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011; OI Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114; Vaillancourt, John/0000-0001-8916-1828 FU National Science Foundation [AST-0705157]; University of Colorado and Cahfomia Institute of Technology; Graduate Student Researchers Program [8743]; NASA/JPL; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NASA ROSES; Cahfomia Institute of Technology; JPL Research and Technology Development Fund FX This research was funded by the National Science Foundation, grant AST-0705157 to the University of Colorado and Cahfomia Institute of Technology, and personal support was given by the Graduate Student Researchers Program, grant 8743, through NASA/JPL. We would also like to acknowledge the contribution of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, NASA ROSES support to the Cahfomia Institute of Technology, and the JPL Research and Technology Development Fund. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 180 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292310 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500039 ER PT S AU Reintsema, CD Adams, JS Baker, R Bandler, SR Doriese, WR Figueroa-Feliciano, E Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Kelly, RL Kilbourne, CA Krinsky, JW Porter, FS Wikus, P AF Reintsema, C. D. Adams, J. S. Baker, R. Bandler, S. R. Doriese, W. R. Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Kelly, R. L. Kilbourne, C. A. Krinsky, J. W. Porter, F. S. Wikus, P. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Electronics for a Next-Generation SQUID-Based Time-Domain Multiplexing System SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE SQUID; multiplexing; instrumentation; transition edge sensor AB A decade has elapsed since the design, development and realization of a SQUID-based time-division multiplexer at NIST. During this time the system has been used extensively for low-temperature-detector-array measurements. Concurrently, there have been substantial advancements both in detector array and commercial electronic component technology. The relevance and applicability of the technology has blossomed as well, often accompanied by more demanding measurement requirements. These factors have motivated a complete redesign of the NIST room-temperature read-out electronics. The redesign has leveraged advancements in component technology to achieve new capabilities better suited to the SQUID multiplexers and detector arrays being realized today. As examples of specific performance enhancements, the overall system bandwidth has been increased by a factor of four (a row switching rate of 6.24 MHz), the compactness has been increased by over a factor of two (a higher number of detector columns and rows per circuit board), and there are two high speed outputs per column (allowing fast switching of SQUID offsets in addition to digital feedback). The system architecture, design implementations, and performance advantages of the new system will be discussed. As an application example, the science chain flight electronics for the Micro-X High Resolution Microcalorimeter X-ray Imaging Rocket will be described as both a motivation for, and a direct implementation of the new system. C1 [Reintsema, C. D.; Doriese, W. R.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Krinsky, J. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Adams, J. S.; Baker, R.; Bandler, S. R.; Kelly, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Porter, F. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Figueroa-Feliciano, E.; Wikus, P.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Reintsema, CD (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 237 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292321 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500051 ER PT S AU Karasik, BS Day, PK Kawamura, JH Bumble, B LeDuc, HG AF Karasik, Boris S. Day, Peter K. Kawamura, Jonathan H. Bumble, Bruce LeDuc, Henry G. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Multiplexing of Hot-Electron Nanobolometers Using Microwave SQUIDs SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE hot-electron; nanobolometer; microresonator; SQUID; microwave readout ID ARRAYS AB We have obtained the first data on the multiplexed operation of titanium hot-electron bolometers (HEB). Because of their low thermal conductance and small electron heat capacity nanobolometers are particularly interesting as sensors for far-infrared spectroscopy and mid- and near-IR calorimetry. However, the short time constant of these devices (similar to mu s at 300-400 mK) makes time domain or audio-frequency domain multiplexing impractical. The Microwave SQUID (MSQUID) approach pursued in this work uses dc SQUIDs coupled to X-band microresonators which are, in turn, coupled to a transmission line. We used a 4-element array of Ti HEBs operated at 415 mK in a He3 dewar with an optical fiber access. The microwave signal exhibited 10-MHz wide resonances at individual MSQUD frequencies between 9 GHz and 10 GHz. The resonance depth is modulated by the current through the bolometer via a change of the SQUID flux state. The transmitted signal was amplified by a cryogenic amplifier and downconverted to baseband using ;an IQ mixer. A 1-dB per Phi(0)/2 responsivity was sufficient for keeping the system noise at the level of similar to 2 pA/Hz(1/2). This is more than an order of magnitude smaller than phonon noise in the HEB. The devices were able to detect single near-IR photons (1550 nm) with a time constant of 3.5 mu s. Follow-on work will scale the array to larger size and will address the microwave frequency signal generation and processing using a digital transceiver. C1 [Karasik, Boris S.; Day, Peter K.; Kawamura, Jonathan H.; Bumble, Bruce; LeDuc, Henry G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Karasik, BS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 257 EP 260 DI 10.1063/1.3292327 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500056 ER PT S AU Adams, JS Bandler, SR Brown, LE Boyce, KR Chiao, MP Doriese, WB Eckart, ME Hilton, GC Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Porter, FS Rabin, MW Smith, SJ Stewart, DD Ullom, JN AF Adams, J. S. Bandler, S. R. Brown, L. E. Boyce, K. R. Chiao, M. P. Doriese, W. B. Eckart, M. E. Hilton, G. C. Kelley, R. L. Kilbourne, C. A. Porter, F. S. Rabin, M. W. Smith, S. J. Stewart, D. D. Ullom, J. N. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Real-Time Data Processing for X-Ray Spectroscopy SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE X-ray Astronomy; Pulse Detection; Signal Processing; Optimal Filter AB Over the last decade, the field of x-ray calorimeters has matured to the point where calorimeter instruments are becoming more common, requiring the development of turnkey systems that are easy to use for non-expert operators. In addition, the use of large arrays in spaceflight instruments requires a significant reduction in data density in order to remain compatible with highly restricted telemetry bandwidths. As calorimeter instruments mature and find wider use outside of the laboratory, the ability to perform signal analysis and data reduction on the raw data stream in real-time has gone from a convenience to a necessity. We will report on the adaptation of the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) based analysis electronics originally developed for the 32 channel Astro-E and Astro-E2 satellite missions to a full software version implemented with off-the-shelf hardware. This implementation requires a minimum of human intervention and is capable of real-time data analysis of x-ray events on many channels simultaneously, including triggering, optimal filtering and pulse height analysis. This suite has been successfully deployed in the XRS/EBIT and the EBIT/ECS experiments at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and has been operational for over five years. We are currently scaling this system to much larger arrays as a test-bed for the XMS instrument on the International X-Ray Observatory (IXO) and for ground experiments such as the gamma-ray spectrometer at Los Alamos National Laboratory. C1 [Adams, J. S.; Chiao, M. P.; Smith, S. J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Bandler, S. R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bandler, S. R.] CRESST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brown, L. E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Boyce, K. R.; Eckart, M. E.; Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Porter, F. S.; Stewart, D. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, X Ray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G. C.; Ullom, J. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rabin, M. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Adams, JS (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Smith, Stephen/B-1256-2008; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Smith, Stephen/0000-0003-4096-4675; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 274 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292331 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500060 ER PT S AU Seta, H Tashiro, MS Terada, Y Shimoda, Y Onda, K Ishisaki, Y Tsujimoto, M Hagihara, T Takei, Y Mitsuda, K Boyce, KR Szymkowiak, AE AF Seta, Hiromi Tashiro, Makoto S. Terada, Yukikatsu Shimoda, Yuya Onda, Kaori Ishisaki, Yoshitaka Tsujimoto, Masahiro Hagihara, Toshishige Takei, Yoh Mitsuda, Kazuhisa Boyce, Kevin R. Szymkowiak, Andrew E. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Development of a Digital Signal Processing System for the X-ray Microcalorimeter onboard ASTRO-H SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Signal processing electronics ID SUZAKU AB A digital signal processing system for the X-ray microcalorimeter array (SXS) is being developed for the next Japanese X-ray astronomy satellite, ASTRO-H. The SXS digital signal processing system evaluates each pulse by an optimal filtering process. For the ASTRO-H project, we decided to employ digital electronics hardware, which includes a digital I/O board based upon FPGAs, and a separate CPU board. It is crucially important for the FPGA to be able to detect the presence of an "secondary" pulses on the tail of an initial pulse. In order to detect the contaminating pulses, we have developed a new finite impulse response filter, to compensate for the undershoot in the derivative. By employing the filter it is possible for FPGA to detect the secondary pulse very close the first pulse, and to reduce the load of the CPU in the secondary pulse searching process. C1 [Seta, Hiromi; Tashiro, Makoto S.; Terada, Yukikatsu; Shimoda, Yuya; Onda, Kaori] Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Sakura Ku, 255 Shimo Okubo, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Ishisaki, Yoshitaka; Boyce, Kevin R.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 192397, Japan. [Tsujimoto, Masahiro; Hagihara, Toshishige; Takei, Yoh; Mitsuda, Kazuhisa] Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Boyce, Kevin R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Szymkowiak, Andrew E.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Seta, H (reprint author), Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Sakura Ku, 255 Shimo Okubo, Saitama 3388570, Japan. RI Terada, Yukikatsu/A-5879-2013 OI Terada, Yukikatsu/0000-0002-2359-1857 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 278 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292332 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500061 ER PT S AU Brown, AD Benford, DJ Chervenak, JA Henry, R Kletetschka, G Mikula, V Stevenson, TR U-yen, K Wollack, EJ AF Brown, Ari-David Benford, Dominic J. Chervenak, James A. Henry, Ross Kletetschka, Gunther Mikula, Vilem Stevenson, Thomas R. U-yen, Kongpop Wollack, Edward J. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Materials Characterization and Integration for Background Limited Far-Infrared Bolometric Detector Arrays SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawernce Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Far-infrared; bolometers; resistor; thin films; THz sensors ID SENSITIVITY AB We discuss materials characterization and integration considerations for large-format, antenna-coupled, low-noise, cryogenic, bolometer arrays for far-infrared space-based observatories. The suitability of Bi as an antenna termination resistor and annealed gold for microstrip and groundplane, in the context of using each to optimize signal and bandwidth of the receiver is addressed. Bismuth is chosen as a candidate termination resistor material because films can be made with the 10-100 delta/square needed to impedance-match the antenna in a compact, stable, and reproducible manner. We characterize both the DC electronic transport and the THz optical properties of thermally evaporated (TE) and ion assisted thermally evaporated (IAE) Bi. It is found that the residual resistance ratio of the IAE Bi is an order of magnitude higher than that of TE Bi in the relevant impedance range. Furthermore, we show that we have produced IAE Bi films with linear response across the THz band. We discuss the possibility of employing other, much lower volume, absorber materials including TiAu and PdAu alloys. A comparison of the expected noise in a standard coupling resistor for each material is made. A technique of fabricating 150 nm gold films having a low temperature resistivity equal to 3.5 x 10(-9) Omega m via thermal annealing is also presented. We model the response of these candidate films in an antenna circuit for THz radiation. C1 [Brown, Ari-David; Benford, Dominic J.; Chervenak, James A.; Henry, Ross; Kletetschka, Gunther; Mikula, Vilem; Stevenson, Thomas R.; U-yen, Kongpop; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Brown, AD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Kletetschka, Gunther/C-9996-2011; Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Kletetschka, Gunther/0000-0002-0645-9037; Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 326 EP 329 DI 10.1063/1.3292345 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500073 ER PT S AU Bonetti, JA Turner, AD Kenyon, M Orlando, A Brevik, JA Trangsrud, A Sudiwala, R LeDuc, HG Nguyen, HT Day, PK Bock, JJ Golwala, SR Sayers, J Kovac, JM Lange, AE Jones, WC Kuo, CL AF Bonetti, J. A. Turner, A. D. Kenyon, M. Orlando, A. Brevik, J. A. Trangsrud, A. Sudiwala, R. LeDuc, H. G. Nguyen, H. T. Day, P. K. Bock, J. J. Golwala, S. R. Sayers, J. Kovac, J. M. Lange, A. E. Jones, W. C. Kuo, C. L. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Microfabrication and Device Parameter Testing of the Focal Plane Arrays for the Spider and BICEP2/Keck CMB Polarimeters SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE TES bolometers; cosmology; CMB; cosmic microwave background; polarization ID TRANSITION EDGE SENSORS; TES BOLOMETERS; FABRICATION AB Spider and BICEP2/Keck are projects to study the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The focal planes for both require large format arrays of superconducting transition edge sensors (TES's). A major challenge for these projects is fabricating arrays with high uniformity in device parameters. A microfabrication process is described that meets this challenge. The results from device testing are discussed. Each focal plane is composed of 4 square wafers (tiles), and each wafer contains 128 membrane-isolated, polarization-sensitive, antenna-coupled TES's. After processing, selected wafers are pre-screened in a quick-turn-around, cryogen-free, (3)He fridge. The pre-screening is performed with a commercial resistance bridge and measures transition temperatures (T(c)) and normal state resistances (R(n)). After pre-screening, 4 tiles at a time are fully characterized in a testbed employing a SQUID readout and SQUID mulitplexing. The tests demonstrate the values of T(c), R(n), thermal conductance, g, and the standard deviations of each, across a wafer and from wafer to wafer, are within design specifications. C1 [Bonetti, J. A.; Turner, A. D.; Kenyon, M.; LeDuc, H. G.; Nguyen, H. T.; Day, P. K.; Bock, J. J.; Jones, W. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Bonetti, JA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Orlando, Angiola/0000-0001-8004-5054 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 367 EP 370 DI 10.1063/1.3292354 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500081 ER PT S AU Denis, KL Cao, NT Chuss, DT Eimer, J Hinderks, JR Hsieh, WT Moseley, SH Stevenson, TR Talley, DJ U-Yen, K Wollack, EJ AF Denis, K. L. Cao, N. T. Chuss, D. T. Eimer, J. Hinderks, J. R. Hsieh, W-T. Moseley, S. H. Stevenson, T. R. Talley, D. J. U-Yen, K. Wollack, E. J. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Fabrication of an Antenna-Coupled Bolometer for Cosmic Microwave Background Polarimetry SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization; wafer bonding; polarimeter AB We describe the development of a detector for precise measurements of the cosmic microwave background polarization. The detector employs a waveguide to couple light between a pair of Mo/Au superconducting transition edge sensors (TES) and a feedhorn. Incorporation of an on-chip ortho-mode transducer (OMT) results in high isolation. The OMT is micromachined and bonded to the microstrip and TES circuits in a low temperature wafer bonding process. The wafer bonding process incorporates a buried superconducting niobium layer with a single crystal silicon layer which serves as the leg isolated TES membrane and as the microstrip dielectric. We describe the micromachining and wafer bonding process and report measurement results of the microwave circuitry operating in the 29-45GHz band along with Johnson noise measurements of the TES membrane structures and development of Mo/Au TES operating under 100mK. C1 [Denis, K. L.; Cao, N. T.; Talley, D. J.] MEI Technol Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. [Chuss, D. T.; Hinderks, J. R.; Hsieh, W-T.; Moseley, S. H.; Stevenson, T. R.; U-Yen, K.; Wollack, E. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Eimer, J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Denis, KL (reprint author), MEI Technol Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. RI Moseley, Harvey/D-5069-2012; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 371 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292355 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500082 ER PT S AU Kilbourne, CA AF Kilbourne, Caroline A. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Application of Low-Temperature Detectors to High-Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawernce Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE x-ray spectroscopy; low-temperature detectors; x-ray calorimeters; superconducting tunnel junctions; x-ray astrophysics; plasma physics; trace element analysis; Compton profiles ID BEAM ION-TRAP; COMPTON-SCATTERING; HISTORY AB The need for high-resolution, non-dispersive, x-ray spectrometers has motivated a substantial amount of the development of low-temperature detectors. Much of the impetus has come from astrophysics - satellite-borne imaging x-ray spectrometers will probe the dynamics and composition of the evolving Universe. There are many other applications of such spectrometers, however, from plasma and ion physics, to identification and study of the chemical interactions of trace elements in materials and biological samples, to inelastic scattering studies of electronic structure. The different applications impose distinct design requirements on the x-ray spectrometer and result in different balancing of resolution, efficiency, and speed. I will review representative applications and the requirements they impose on the low-temperature detectors they are using or inspiring. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kilbourne, CA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 419 EP 425 DI 10.1063/1.3292367 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500092 ER PT S AU Figueroa-Feliciano, E Adams, JS Baker, R Bandler, SR DeLaney, TA Dewey, D Doriese, WB Eckart, ME Galeazzi, M Goeke, R Hamersma, R Hilton, GC Hwang, U Irwin, KD Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Leman, SW McCammon, D Okajima, T Porter, FS Reintsema, CD Rutherford, JM Saab, T Serlemitsos, P Soong, Y Trowbridge, SN Wikus, P AF Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Adams, J. S. Baker, R. Bandler, S. R. DeLaney, T. A. Dewey, D. Doriese, W. B. Eckart, M. E. Galeazzi, M. Goeke, R. Hamersma, R. Hilton, G. C. Hwang, U. Irwin, K. D. Kelley, R. L. Kilbourne, C. A. Leman, S. W. McCammon, D. Okajima, T. Porter, F. S. Reintsema, C. D. Rutherford, J. M. Saab, T. Serlemitsos, P. Soong, Y. Trowbridge, S. N. Wikus, P. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI New Science Case for the Micro-X High Energy Resolution Microcalorimeter X-ray Imaging Rocket SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE SNR; Puppis A; X-ray; Instrumentation; Transition Edge Sensor; Microcalorimeter; Sounding Rocket ID PUPPIS-A; XMM-NEWTON; SPECTROSCOPY; GALAXIES AB The Micro-X sounding rocket payload will be launched on January 18, 2011 to make the first observation of an astronomical target with Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) X-ray Microcalorimeters. The 128 pixel TES array lies at the focus of a 2.165 m focal length conical imaging mirror with a 0.2-3.0 keV bandpass. The spectral resolution of the TES array will be between 2 and 4 eV at 1 keV. Our scientific program is focused on high-spectral resolution observations of extended sources. For supernova remnants (SNRs) our scientific objectives are to map the velocity structure of the ejecta, and study both elemental abundances and the thermodynamic and ionization state of the plasma through plasma line diagnostics. For clusters of galaxies, Micro-X can uniquely study turbulence, velocities, and the temperature phases of the plasma. For our initial flight, we have changed our target from the bright eastern knot to a recently discovered ejecta region in the Puppis A SNR. The target of the second flight in mid-2012 is M87, the center of the Virgo Cluster. The third flight, in early 2014, will make an observation of the Cas A SNR. In this contribution we discuss the science objectives of our first flight. C1 [Figueroa-Feliciano, E.; DeLaney, T. A.; Dewey, D.; Goeke, R.; Leman, S. W.; Rutherford, J. M.; Trowbridge, S. N.; Wikus, P.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Adams, J. S.; Baker, R.; Bandler, S. R.; Eckart, M. E.; Hwang, U.; Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Okajima, T.; Porter, F. S.; Serlemitsos, P.; Soong, Y.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Galeazzi, M.] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Hamersma, R.; Saab, T.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [McCammon, D.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Figueroa-Feliciano, E (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; FU NASA [NNX07AK52G] FX This work was funded by NASA Grant NNX07AK52G. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 426 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292368 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500093 ER PT S AU Eckart, ME Adams, JS Bandler, SR Brekosky, RP Chervenak, JA Finkbeiner, FM Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Porter, FS Sadleir, JE Smith, SJ AF Eckart, Megan E. Adams, Joseph S. Bandler, Simon R. Brekosky, Regis P. Chervenak, James A. Finkbeiner, Fred M. Kelley, Richard L. Kilbourne, Caroline A. Porter, F. Scott Sadleir, John E. Smith, Stephen J. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Experimental Results and Modeling of Low-Heat-Capacity TES Microcalorimeters for Soft-X-ray Spectroscopy SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawernce Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE microcalorimeters; low-temperature detectors; transition-edge sensors; x-ray spectroscopy ID ABSORBER DESIGN; LINES; SPECTROMETER AB Transition-edge-sensor (TES) X-ray microcalorimeters have mostly been targeted at mid-band energies from 0.05 - 10 keV and high energies to above 100 keV. However, many other optimizations are possible. Here we present results from devices optimized for soft X-ray applications. For spectroscopy below 1 keV, the X-ray stopping power and heat capacity (C) of the TES itself are high enough that we can omit a separate absorber. The resulting devices have low C and the best-achievable energy resolution should be under 1 eV. We are interested in pursuing such devices primarily for astrophysical applications and laboratory astrophysics at LLNL's Electron-Beam Ion Trap. To this end, we have studied arrays in which 'bare' TESs are interspersed with broad-band pixels that have absorbers. By extending the absorbers to cover the area where the leads contact the low-energy pixels, we have eliminated a significant source of non-Gaussian detector response. The bare devices are in a different regime from our typical devices in that C is ten times lower and the conductance to the bath is four times lower. We have explored this regime through simultaneous fitting of noise and impedance data. These data cannot be fit by the simple model we employ to describe our typical broad-band devices. In this contribution we present X-ray spectra and the results from modeling. C1 [Eckart, Megan E.; Adams, Joseph S.; Bandler, Simon R.; Brekosky, Regis P.; Chervenak, James A.; Finkbeiner, Fred M.; Kelley, Richard L.; Kilbourne, Caroline A.; Porter, F. Scott; Sadleir, John E.; Smith, Stephen J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Eckart, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Smith, Stephen/B-1256-2008; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Smith, Stephen/0000-0003-4096-4675; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 430 EP 433 DI 10.1063/1.3292370 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500094 ER PT S AU Wikus, P Doriese, WB Eckart, ME Adams, JS Bandler, SR Brekosky, RP Chervenak, JA Ewin, AJ Figueroa-Feliciano, E Finkbeiner, FM Galeazzi, M Hilton, G Irwin, KD Kelley, RL Kibourne, CA Leman, SW McCammon, D Porter, FS Reintsema, CD Rutherford, JM Trowbridge, SN AF Wikus, P. Doriese, W. B. Eckart, M. E. Adams, J. S. Bandler, S. R. Brekosky, R. P. Chervenak, J. A. Ewin, A. J. Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Finkbeiner, F. M. Galeazzi, M. Hilton, G. Irwin, K. D. Kelley, R. L. Kibourne, C. A. Leman, S. W. McCammon, D. Porter, F. S. Reintsema, C. D. Rutherford, J. M. Trowbridge, S. N. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI The Detector and Readout Systems of the Micro-X High Resolution Microcalorimeter X-Ray Imaging Rocket SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE TES; Microcalorimeter; SQUID Multiplexer; Sounding Rocket; Micro-X AB The Micro-X sounding rocket experiment will deploy an imaging transition-edge-sensor (TES) microcalorimeter spectrometer to observe astrophysical sources in the 0.2 - 3.0 keV band. The instrument has been designed at a systems level, and the first items of flight hardware are presently being built. In the first flight, planned for January 2011, the spectrometer will observe a recently discovered Silicon knot in the Puppis-A supernova remnant. Here we describe the design of the Micro-X science instrument, focusing on the instrument's detector and detector assembly. The current design of the 2-dimensional spectrometer array contains 128 close-packed pixels with a pitch of 600 gm. The conically approximated Wolter-1 mirror will map each of these pixels to a 0.95 arcmin region on the sky; the field of view will be 11.4 arcmin. Targeted energy resolution of the TESs is about 2 eV over the full observing band. A SQUID time-division multiplexer (TDM) will read out the array. The detector time constants will be engineered to approximately 2 ms to match the TDM, which samples each pixel at 32.6 kHz, limited only by the telemetry system of the rocket. The detector array and two SQUID stages of the TDM readout system are accommodated in a lightweight Mg enclosure, which is mounted to the 50 mK stage of an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator. A third SQUID amplification stage is located on the 1.6 K liquid He stage of the cryostat. An on-board 55-Fe source will fluoresce a Ca target, providing 3.69 and 4.01 keV calibration lines that will not interfere with the scientifically interesting energy band. C1 [Wikus, P.; Figueroa-Feliciano, E.; Leman, S. W.; Rutherford, J. M.; Trowbridge, S. N.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Eckart, M. E.; Adams, J. S.; Bandler, S. R.; Brekosky, R. P.; Chervenak, J. A.; Ewin, A. J.; Finkbeiner, F. M.; Kelley, R. L.; Kibourne, C. A.; Porter, F. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Galeazzi, M.] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [McCammon, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wikus, P (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM wikus@mit.edu RI Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012; Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119 FU NASA [NNX07AK52G] FX This work has been conducted under NASA grant NNX07AK52G. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 434 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500095 ER PT S AU Ishisaki, Y Akamatsu, H Hoshino, A Numazawa, T Kamiya, K Fujimoto, R Kojima, Y Shinozaki, K Mitsuda, K Shirron, P AF Ishisaki, Y. Akamatsu, H. Hoshino, A. Numazawa, T. Kamiya, K. Fujimoto, R. Kojima, Y. Shinozaki, K. Mitsuda, K. Shirron, P. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Performance test of Ti/Au bilayer TES microcalorimeter in combination with continuous ADR SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator; ADR; transition edge sensor; TES; microcalorimeter; X-ray AB Performance test of a Ti/Au bilayer TES microcalorimeter has been made in combination with a continuous adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (CADR). The CADR has four stages of ADR to produce continuous cooling by recycling them in dedicated order, and is cryogen-free utilizing a 4K-GM refrigerator. We installed a Ti/Au bilayer TES microcalorimeter and 420-series SQUID array to readout the X-ray signal on the 1st (coldest) stage of the CADR. We successfully operated the CADR at temperature of 120 mK in continuous mode more than 27 hr, however, FWHM energy resolution of the TES microcalorimeter was degraded to 45 eV at 6 keV, as compared to 10 eV when measured in a dilution refrigerator. This is mainly because the temperature stability was not good enough (about 0.6 mK) and the operation temperature was not sufficiently lower than the transition temperature T-c = 135 mK of the TES. We operated the TES microcalorimeter at the operation temperature of 105 mK in one-shot mode and the resolution was improved to 30 eV. We also found that the operating point of the TES was affected by the magnetic field of the 3rd and 4th ADR recycle. More complete shielding of the magnetic field is essential for further improvement of the performance of the TES microcalorimeter. C1 [Ishisaki, Y.; Akamatsu, H.; Hoshino, A.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Numazawa, T.; Kamiya, K.] NIMS, Tsukuba Magnet Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050003, Japan. [Fujimoto, R.; Kojima, Y.] Kanazawa Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920119, Japan. [Shinozaki, K.] JAXA, Aerosp Res & Dev Directorate, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Shinozaki, K.; Mitsuda, K.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Shirron, P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ishisaki, Y (reprint author), Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 442 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292373 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500097 ER PT S AU Brown, GV Adams, JS Beiersdorfer, P Clementson, J Frankel, M Kahn, SM Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Koutroumpa, D Leutenegger, M Porter, FS Thorn, DB Trabert, E AF Brown, G. V. Adams, J. S. Beiersdorfer, P. Clementson, J. Frankel, M. Kahn, S. M. Kelley, R. L. Kilbourne, C. A. Koutroumpa, D. Leutenegger, M. Porter, F. S. Thorn, D. B. Traebert, E. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Laboratory Astrophysics, QED, and other Measurements using the EBIT Calorimeter Spectrometer at LLNL SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE X-ray; X-ray spectroscopy; calorimeter; astrophysics; QED ID BEAM ION-TRAP; CHARGE-EXCHANGE; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION AB We have used the EBIT Calorimeter Spectrometer (ECS), a microcalorimeter instrument built by the calorimeter group at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, to make a variety of measurements since its installation at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's EBIT facility. These include measurements of charge exchange between neutral gas and K-and L- shell ions, measurements of the X-ray transmission efficiency of optical blocking filters, high resolution measurements of transition energies for high-Z, highly charged ions, and measurements of M and L-shell emission from highly charged tungsten following on earlier measurements of L-shell gold. Our results will see application in the interpretation of the spectra from the Jovian atmosphere and of the diffuse soft X-ray background, in tests of QED, and in diagnosing inertial and magnetic confinement fusion plasmas. These measurements augment previous laboratory astrophysics, atomic physics, and calibration measurements made using earlier versions of NASA's microcalorimeter spectrometer. C1 [Brown, G. V.; Beiersdorfer, P.; Clementson, J.; Frankel, M.; Traebert, E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Adams, J. S.; Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Koutroumpa, D.; Leutenegger, M.; Porter, F. S.] NASA, GSFC, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Kahn, S. M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Thorn, D. B.] GSI Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany. RP Brown, GV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; FU U.S. Department of Energy; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52- 07NA27344]; NASA; NASA/GSFC; Stanford University FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52- 07NA27344 and is supported by NASA grants to LLNL, NASA/GSFC, and Stanford University. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 446 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292374 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500098 ER PT S AU Doriese, WB Adams, JS Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Kilbourne, CA Schima, FJ Ullom, JN AF Doriese, W. B. Adams, J. S. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Kilbourne, C. A. Schima, F. J. Ullom, J. N. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Optimal filtering, record length, and count rate in transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeters SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE count rate; International X-ray Observatory; microcalorimeter; optimal filter; spectrometer; transition-edge sensor AB In typical algorithms for optimally filtering transition-edge-sensor-microcalorimeter pulses, the average value of a filtered pulse is set to zero. The achieved energy resolution of the detector then depends strongly on the chosen length of the pulse record. We report experimental confirmation of this effect. We derive expressions for the dependence of energy resolution on record length, and apply them to a pair of detector models for the X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer instrument on NASA/ESA/JAXA's proposed International X-ray Observatory. Although the two models have identical pulse time-constants, they differ by a factor of two in the record length required to achieve a given energy resolution. Finally, we derive an expression for the maximum output count rate at high energy resolution of a TES pixel. C1 [Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Schima, F. J.; Ullom, J. N.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Adams, J. S.; Kilbourne, C. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Doriese, WB (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 450 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292375 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500099 ER PT S AU Porter, FS Adams, JS Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV Clementson, J Frankel, M Kahn, SM Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA AF Porter, F. Scott Adams, Joseph S. Beiersdorfer, Peter Brown, Gregory V. Clementson, Joel Frankel, Miriam Kahn, Steven M. Kelley, Richard L. Kilbourne, Caroline A. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI High-resolution x-ray spectroscopy with the EBIT Calorimeter Spectrometer SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE X-ray detector; Calorimeter; X-ray Spectroscopy; Laboratory Astrophysics ID XRS AB The EBIT Calorimeter Spectrometer (ECS) is a production-class 36 pixel x-ray calorimeter spectrometer that has been continuously operating at the Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for almost 2 years. The ECS was designed to be a long-lifetime, turn-key spectrometer that couples high performance with ease of operation and minimal operator intervention. To this end, a variant of the Suzaku/XRS spaceflight detector system has been coupled to a low-maintenance cryogenic system consisting of a long-lifetime liquid He cryostat, and a closed cycle, He-3 pre-cooled adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator. The ECS operates for almost 3 weeks between cryogenic servicing and the ADR operates at 0.05 K for more than 60 hours between automatic recycles under software control. Half of the ECS semiconductor detector array is populated with mid-band pixels that have a resolution of 4.5 eV FWHM, a bandpass from 0.05-12 keV, and a quantum efficiency of 95% at 6 keV. The other half of the array has thick HgTe absorbers that have a bandpass from 0.3 to over 100 keV, an energy resolution of 33 eV FWHM, and a quantum efficiency of 32% at 60 keV. In addition, the ECS uses a real-time, autonomous, data collection and analysis system developed for the Suzaku/XRS instrument and implemented in off-the-shelf hardware for the ECS. Here we will discuss the performance of the ECS instrument and its implementation as a turnkey cryogenic detector system. C1 [Porter, F. Scott; Adams, Joseph S.; Kelley, Richard L.; Kilbourne, Caroline A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Beiersdorfer, Peter; Brown, Gregory V.; Clementson, Joel; Frankel, Miriam] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kahn, Steven M.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Porter, FS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; FU U S Department of Energy; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52- 07NA27344]; NASA's Astronomy and Physics Research and Analysis Program; LLNL; Stanford; GSFC FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U S Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52- 07NA27344 and was supported in part by NASA's Astronomy and Physics Research and Analysis Program via grants to LLNL, Stanford, and GSFC. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 454 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292376 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500100 ER PT S AU Orlando, A Aikin, RW Amiri, M Bock, JJ Bonetti, JA Brevik, JA Burger, B Day, PK Filippini, JP Golwala, SR Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hilton, G Irwin, K Jones, WC Kenyon, M Kuo, CL Lange, AE Leduc, HG Mates, B Morford, T Nguyen, HT Ogburn, RW Reintsema, C Runyan, M Sudiwala, R Trangsrud, A Turner, AD Wilson, P AF Orlando, A. Aikin, R. W. Amiri, M. Bock, J. J. Bonetti, J. A. Brevik, J. A. Burger, B. Day, P. K. Filippini, J. P. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hilton, G. Irwin, K. Jones, W. C. Kenyon, M. Kuo, C. L. Lange, A. E. LeDuc, H. G. Mates, B. Morford, T. Nguyen, H. T. Ogburn, R. W. Reintsema, C. Runyan, M. Sudiwala, R. Trangsrud, A. Turner, A. D. Wilson, P. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Antenna-coupled TES Arrays For The BICEP2/Keck and SPIDER polarimeters SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Cosmic Microwave Background; polarization; TES bolometers; arrays AB The upcoming Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments BICEP2/Keck and SPIDER will be using planar arrays of polarization sensitive antenna-coupled TES bolometers, operating at frequencies between 960Hz and 220 GHz. At 145 GHz each array consists of 64 polarimeters (128 TES sensors) and four of these arrays are assembled together to make a focal plane. The detector arrays are integrated with a time-domain SQUID multiplexer developed at NIST and read out using the Multi-Channel Electronics (MCE) developed at the University of British Columbia. We present our progress in characterizing focal plane arrays and SQUID multiplexed readout for BICEP2 and SPIDER, describing testing procedures and giving a summary of dark measurements results, as well as preliminary optical measurements. C1 [Orlando, A.; Aikin, R. W.; Bock, J. J.; Brevik, J. A.; Filippini, J. P.; Golwala, S. R.; Lange, A. E.; Morford, T.; Ogburn, R. W.; Runyan, M.; Sudiwala, R.; Trangsrud, A.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Bonetti, J. A.; Day, P. K.; Kenyon, M.; LeDuc, H. G.; Nguyen, H. T.; Turner, A. D.; Wilson, P.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Amiri, M.; Burger, B.; Halpern, M.; Hasselfield, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T IZL, Canada. [Hilton, G.; Irwin, K.; Mates, B.; Reintsema, C.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jones, W. C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kuo, C. L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Orlando, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Phys, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Orlando, Angiola/0000-0001-8004-5054 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; JPL Research and Technology Development Fund FX We would like to thank the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the JPL Research and Technology Development Fund and the W. M. Keck Foundation. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 471 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292380 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500104 ER PT S AU McMahon, J Appel, JW Austermann, JE Beall, JA Becker, D Benson, BA Bleem, LE Britton, J Chang, CL Carlstrom, JE Cho, HM Crites, AT Essinger-Hileman, T Everett, W Halverson, NW Henning, JW Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Mehl, J Meyer, SS Mossley, S Niemack, MD Parker, LP Simon, SM Staggs, ST Visnjic, C Wollack, E U-Yen, K Yoon, KW Zhao, Y AF McMahon, J. Appel, J. W. Austermann, J. E. Beall, J. A. Becker, D. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Britton, J. Chang, C. L. Carlstrom, J. E. Cho, H. M. Crites, A. T. Essinger-Hileman, T. Everett, W. Halverson, N. W. Henning, J. W. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mossley, S. Niemack, M. D. Parker, L. P. Simon, S. M. Staggs, S. T. Visnjic, C. Wollack, E. U-Yen, K. Yoon, K. W. Zhao, Y. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Planar Orthomode Transducers for Feedhorn-coupled TES Polarimeters SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Polarimetry; TES bolometers; cosmic microwave background AB We present simulations and discuss measurements of a planar orthomode transducer (OMT) being developed for use with bolometric detectors in observations of the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). This OMT couples radiation from a circular waveguide onto microstrip where it is filtered and then detected. A corrugated feed horn defines the optical beam. Simulations suggest this OMT achieves a coupling efficiency of greater than 96% with cross-polarization below 1% over 30% bandwidth. C1 [McMahon, J.; Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Chang, C. L.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Crites, A. T.; Everett, W.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Appel, J. W.; Essinger-Hileman, T.; Parker, L. P.; Staggs, S. T.; Visnjic, C.; Zhao, Y.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Austermann, J. E.; Halverson, N. W.; Henning, J. W.; Simon, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Austermann, J. E.; Halverson, N. W.; Henning, J. W.; Simon, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beall, J. A.; Becker, D.; Britton, J.; Cho, H. M.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Niemack, M. D.; Yoon, K. W.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mossley, S.; Wollack, E.; U-Yen, K.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McMahon, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program; University of Colorado is supported by the National Science Foundation [AST- 0705302]; Princeton University; National Science Foundation [PHY-0355328, PHY-085587] FX Work at NIST is supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program. Work at the University of Colorado is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant AST- 0705302. Work at Princeton University is supported by Princeton University and the National Science Foundation through grants PHY-0355328 and PHY-085587. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 490 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292386 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500109 ER PT S AU McMahon, JJ Aird, KA Benson, BA Bleem, LE Britton, J Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Cho, HS de Haan, T Crawford, TM Crites, AT Datesman, A Dobbs, MA Everettt, W Halverson, NW Holder, GP Holzapfel, WL Hrubes, D Irwin, KD Joy, M Keisler, R Lanting, TM Lee, AT Leitch, EM Loehr, A Lueker, M Mehl, J Meyer, SS Mohr, JJ Montroy, TE Niemack, MD Ngeow, CC Novosad, V Padin, S Plagge, T Pryke, C Reichardt, C Ruhl, JE Schaffer, KK Shaw, L Shirokoff, E Spieler, HG Stadler, B Stark, AA Staniszewski, Z Vanderlinde, K Vieira, JD Wang, G Williamson, R Yefremenko, V Yoon, KW Zhan, O Zenteno, A AF McMahon, J. J. Aird, K. A. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Britton, J. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. S. de Haan, T. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Datesman, A. Dobbs, M. A. Everettt, W. Halverson, N. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hrubes, D. Irwin, K. D. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Lanting, T. M. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Loehr, A. Lueker, M. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Niemack, M. D. Ngeow, C. C. Novosad, V. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. Ruhl, J. E. Schaffer, K. K. Shaw, L. Shirokoff, E. Spieler, H. G. Stadler, B. Stark, A. A. Staniszewski, Z. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Wang, G. Williamson, R. Yefremenko, V. Yoon, K. W. Zhan, O. Zenteno, A. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI SPTpol: an instrument for CMB polarization SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Polarimetry; transition-edge sensors; bolometers; cosmic microwave background; cosmology ID POWER SPECTRA; 2003 FLIGHT; MICROWAVE; BOOMERANG AB SPTpol will consist of an 850 element polarization sensitive bolometric camera deployed to the South Pole Telescope in late 2011. This camera is optimized for measurement of the polarization of the cosmic microwave background with arcminute resolution. These measurements will be used to constrain neutrino masses and to constrain the amplitude of gravitational waves from inflation. The camera includes two detector architectures that observe in two different frequency bands. At 150 GHz, SPTpol will use 650 feedhorn-coupled TES polarimeters fabricated at NIST. At 90 GHz, it will use 200 absorber-coupled polarimeters developed at Argonne National Lab. The NIST pixels will be coupled to the telescope using a monolithic array of corrugated feeds and the Argonne devices will be coupled with individually machined contoured feeds. The entire focal plane will be readout using a digital frequency-domain multiplexer system. We provide an overview of the project, describe the detectors and discuss the design of this system. C1 [McMahon, J. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Aird, K. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Everettt, W.; Hrubes, D.; Keisler, R.; Vieira, J. D.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E. M.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Pryke, C.; Schaffer, K. K.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Pryke, C.; Schaffer, K. K.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Britton, J.; Cho, H. S.; Irwin, K. D.; Niemack, M. D.; Yoon, K. W.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Leitch, E. M.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M. A.; Holder, G. P.; Lanting, T. M.; Shaw, L.; Vanderlinde, K.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Datesman, A.; Novosad, V.; Wang, G.; Yefremenko, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, MSD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Lueker, M.; Plagge, T.; Reichardt, C.; Shirokoff, E.; Zhan, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Joy, M.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Space Sci, VP62, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Loehr, A.; Stadler, B.; Stark, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mohr, J. J.; Ngeow, C. C.; Zenteno, A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Mohr, J. J.; Ngeow, C. C.; Zenteno, A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Montroy, T. E.; Ruhl, J. E.; Staniszewski, Z.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Spieler, H. G.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McMahon, JJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347; Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169 NR 24 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 511 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500114 ER PT S AU Yoon, KW Appel, JW Austermann, JE Beall, JA Becker, D Benson, BA Bleem, LE Britton, J Chang, CL Carlstrom, JE Cho, HM Crites, AT Essinger-Hileman, T Everett, W Halverson, NW Henning, JW Hilton, GC Irwin, KD McMahon, J Mehl, J Meyer, SS Moseley, S Niemack, MD Parker, LP Simon, SM Staggs, ST U-yen, K Visnjic, C Wollack, E Zhao, Y AF Yoon, K. W. Appel, J. W. Austermann, J. E. Beall, J. A. Becker, D. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Britton, J. Chang, C. L. Carlstrom, J. E. Cho, H. -M. Crites, A. T. Essinger-Hileman, T. Everett, W. Halverson, N. W. Henning, J. W. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. McMahon, J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Moseley, S. Niemack, M. D. Parker, L. P. Simon, S. M. Staggs, S. T. U-yen, K. Visnjic, C. Wollack, E. Zhao, Y. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Feedhorn-Coupled TES Polarimeters for Next-Generation CMB Instruments SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE cosmic microwave background; millimeter-wave; polarization; polarimetry; transition edge sensors; TES; bolometers AB The next generation of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiments targeting the signatures of inflation will require unprecedented sensitivities in addition to careful control of systematics. With existing detector technologies approaching the photon noise limit, improvements in system sensitivities must come from ever-larger focal plane arrays of millimeter-wave detectors. We report on the design and performance of microfabricated planar orthomode transducer (OMT) coupled TES polarimeters and silicon micromachined platelet feedhorns optimized for scaling to large monolithic arrays. Future versions of these detectors are targeted for deployment in a number of upcoming CMB experiments, including ABS, SPTpol, and ACTpol. C1 [Yoon, K. W.; Beall, J. A.; Becker, D.; Britton, J.; Cho, H. -M.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Niemack, M. D.] NIST Quantum Devices Grp, 325 Broadway Mailcode 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Appel, J. W.; Essinger-Hileman, T.; Parker, L. P.; Staggs, S. T.; Visnjic, C.; Zhao, Y.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Austermann, J. E.; Halverson, N. W.; Henning, J. W.; Simon, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Austermann, J. E.; Halverson, N. W.; Henning, J. W.; Simon, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Chang, C. L.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Crites, A. T.; Everett, W.; McMahon, J.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Moseley, S.; U-yen, K.; Wollack, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yoon, KW (reprint author), NIST Quantum Devices Grp, 325 Broadway Mailcode 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Moseley, Harvey/D-5069-2012; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 FU National Science Foundation [ANT-0638937]; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; Kavli Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program; Princeton University and the National Science Foundation [PHY-0355328, PHY-085587]; [AST-0705302] FX Work at the University of Chicago is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant ANT-0638937 and the NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the KavH Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago. It also receives generous support from the Kavli Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Work at NIST is supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program. Work at the University of Colorado is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant AST- 0705302. Work at Princeton University is supported by Princeton University and the National Science Foundation through grants PHY-0355328 and PHY-085587. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 515 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292392 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500115 ER PT S AU Barrentine, EM Brandl, DE Brown, AD Cao, NT Denis, KL Hsieh, WT Stevenson, TR Timbie, PT U-Yen, K Wollack, EJ AF Barrentine, E. M. Brandl, D. E. Brown, A. D. Cao, N. T. Denis, K. L. Hsieh, W. T. Stevenson, T. R. Timbie, P. T. U-Yen, K. Wollack, E. J. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Transition Measurements of a Micron-Sized Transition-Edge Hot-Electron Microbolometer SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Bolometers; hot-electron; Millimeter wave detectors; superconducting sensors; proximity effect AB We are developing a Transition-Edge Hot-electron Microbolometer (THM) for use in large detector array applications in millimeter-wave astronomy. This bolometer detector consists of a superconducting bilayer TES with an overlapping thin-film semi-metal absorber. The detector is deposited directly on the substrate and thermal isolation of the bolometer is controlled by electron-phonon scattering within the small volume of the detector. We present measurements characterizing the transition behavior of several micron-sized THM test devices which are optimized for photon-noise-limited observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). We interpret these measurements in terms of a lateral proximity effect between the TES and the superconducting Nb TES leads. We discuss possible modifications to the THM design to compensate for this effect while retaining the small detector volume necessary to obtain the desired value of electron-phonon thermal conductivity. C1 [Barrentine, E. M.; Brandl, D. E.; Timbie, P. T.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Brown, A. D.; Cao, N. T.; Denis, K. L.; Hsieh, W. T.; Stevenson, T. R.; U-Yen, K.; Wollack, E. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Denis, K. L.] MEI Technol Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Barrentine, EM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 542 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292400 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500122 ER PT S AU Benford, DJ Staguhn, JG Jhabvala, CA Marx, CT Sharp, EH Maher, SF AF Benford, Dominic J. Staguhn, Johannes G. Jhabvala, Christine A. Marx, Catherine T. Sharp, Elmer H. Maher, Stephen F. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Design of the Millimeter-Wavelength Superconducting Bolometer Camera GISMO SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawernce Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Bolometer array; high redshift galaxies; sky noise ID INFRARED ASTRONOMY; TES BOLOMETERS; MULTIPLEXER; ARRAYS AB We have built and operated the GISMO (the Goddard-IRAM Superconducting 2- Millimeter Observer) at the IRAM 30 m telescope in Spain. GISMO is a 128 element superconducting Transition Edge Sensor (TES) based bolometer camera for the two millimeter (150 GHz) band. The camera uses an 8x16 planar array of multiplexed TES bolometers, which incorporates our Backshort Under Grid (BUG) bolometer array architecture. The major scientific driver for the instrument is to provide the capability to observe galactic and extragalactic dust emission rapidly, in particular from high - z Ultra Luminous Infrared Galaxies (ULIRGs) and quasars. With the background-limited performance of the detectors, the camera provides significantly greater imaging sensitivity and mapping speed at this wavelength than has previously been possible. We discuss the overall instrument design, including our second-generation cryogenic optical and detector subsystem. C1 [Benford, Dominic J.; Staguhn, Johannes G.; Jhabvala, Christine A.; Marx, Catherine T.; Sharp, Elmer H.; Maher, Stephen F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Benford, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 546 EP 550 DI 10.1063/1.3292401 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500123 ER PT S AU Ferri, E Arnaboldi, C Ceruti, G Kilbourne, C Kraft-Bermuth, S Nucciotti, A Pessina, G Schaeffer, D AF Ferri, E. Arnaboldi, C. Ceruti, G. Kilbourne, C. Kraft-Bermuth, S. Nucciotti, A. Pessina, G. Schaeffer, D. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Status of the MARE experiment in Milan SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Cryogenics detector; Neutrino mass ID NEUTRINO MASS EXPERIMENT; BETA-DECAY; MICROCALORIMETERS; SPECTRUM; SEARCH AB An international collaboration has grown around the project of Microcalorimeter Arrays for a Rhenium Experiment (MARE) for a direct and calorimetric measurement of the electron antineutrino mass with sub-electronvolt sensitivity. MARE is divided into two phases. The first phase (MARE-1) consists of two independent experiments using the presently available detector technology to reach a sensitivity of m(v) <= 2 eV/c(2). The goal of the second phase (MARE-2) is to achieve a sub-electronvolt sensitivity on the neutrino mass. The Milan MARE-1 experiment is based on arrays of silicon implanted microcalorimeters, produced by NASA/GSFC, with dielectric silver perrhenate absorbers, AgReO4. We present here the status of MARE-1 in Milan which is starting data taking with 2 arrays (72 detectors). In this configuration a sensitivity of about 5 eV can be achieved in two years. We describe in details the experimental setup which is designed to host up to 8 arrays (288 detectors). With 8 arrays, two years of measurement would improve the sensitivity to about 3 eV. This talk reports on the activity of the group for the MARE project in Milan. C1 [Ferri, E.; Arnaboldi, C.; Ceruti, G.; Nucciotti, A.; Pessina, G.; Schaeffer, D.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. [Kilbourne, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kraft-Bermuth, S.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Mainz, Germany. RP Ferri, E (reprint author), Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. RI Nucciotti, Angelo/I-8888-2012; Ferri, Elena/L-8531-2014; OI Nucciotti, Angelo/0000-0002-8458-1556; Ferri, Elena/0000-0003-1425-3669; Pessina, Gianluigi Ezio/0000-0003-3700-9757 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 565 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292405 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500127 ER PT S AU Bandler, SR Adams, JS Beyer, J Hsieh, WT Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Porst, JP Porter, FS Rotzinger, H Seidel, GM Smith, SJ Stevenson, TR AF Bandler, Simon R. Adams, Joseph S. Beyer, Joern Hsieh, Wen-Ting Kelley, Richard L. Kilbourne, Caroline A. Porst, Jan-Patrick Porter, F. Scott Rotzinger, Hannes Seidel, George M. Smith, Stephen J. Stevenson, Thomas R. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Performance of High-Resolution, Micro-fabricated, X-ray Magnetic Calorimeters SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE microcalorimeters; low-temperature detectors; magnetic calorimeters AB We are developing micro-fabricated x-ray microcalorimeter arrays that show great promise for use in future x-ray spectroscopy missions. In each pixel we sense the magnetization change due to the heat input of an absorbed x-ray using a meander-shaped superconducting pickup trace that is on a substrate that is separate from the low noise 2-stage SQUID read-out. We report on the results from our prototype arrays that have achieved an energy resolution of 3.3 eV at 6 keV, and are progressing future arrays towards the goal of demonstrating sub-eV energy resolution. The results from studies of the thermalization of gold and gold-bismuth absorbers on sub-microsecond timescales will be presented. We will also present the results of comparisons of the magnetization and heat capacity of micro-fabricated devices to those of larger hand-constructed devices. C1 [Bandler, Simon R.; Adams, Joseph S.; Hsieh, Wen-Ting; Kelley, Richard L.; Kilbourne, Caroline A.; Porter, F. Scott; Smith, Stephen J.; Stevenson, Thomas R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bandler, Simon R.] CRESST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bandler, Simon R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Adams, Joseph S.; Smith, Stephen J.] CRESST, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Adams, Joseph S.; Smith, Stephen J.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Beyer, Joern] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Porst, Jan-Patrick] Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Rotzinger, Hannes] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Phys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Seidel, George M.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Bandler, SR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Smith, Stephen/B-1256-2008; Porst, Jan-Patrick/D-2191-2012; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Smith, Stephen/0000-0003-4096-4675; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; FU NASA Office of Space Science [NNX09AC41G]; ROSES 2008 FX We would like to acknowledge the numerous discussions with Andreas Fleischmann and all of the Heidelberg MMC calorimeter group. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of NASA Office of Space Science, contract NNX09AC41G from ROSES 2008. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 579 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292408 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500129 ER PT S AU Hsieh, WT Bandler, SR Kelly, DP Porst, JP Rotzinger, H Seidel, GM Stevenson, TR AF Hsieh, Wen-Ting Bandler, Simon R. Kelly, Daniel P. Porst, Jan P. Rotzinger, Hannes Seidel, George M. Stevenson, Thomas R. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Microfabrication of High Resolution X-ray Magnetic Calorimeters SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Low Temperature Detectors; Metallic Magnetic Calorimeters; Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices; X-ray detectors ID FABRICATION AB Metallic magnetic calorimeter (MMC) is one of the most promising x-ray detector technologies for providing the very high energy resolution needed for future astronomical x-ray imaging spectroscopy. For this purpose, we have developed micro-fabricated 5x5 arrays of MMC of which each individual pixel has excellent energy resolution as good as 3.4 eV at 6 keV x-ray. Here we report on the fabrication techniques developed to achieve good resolution and high efficiency. These include: processing of a thin insulation layer for strong magnetic coupling between the AuEr sensor film and the niobium pick-up coil; production of overhanging absorbers for enhanced efficiency of x-ray absorption; fabrication on SiN membranes to minimize the effects on energy resolution from athermal phonon loss. We have also improved the deposition of the magnetic sensor film such that the film magnetization is nearly completely that is expected from the AuEr sputter target bulk material. In addition, we have included a study of a positional sensitive design, the Hydra design, which allows thermal coupling of four absorbers to a common MMC sensor and circuit. C1 [Hsieh, Wen-Ting; Bandler, Simon R.; Kelly, Daniel P.; Stevenson, Thomas R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bandler, Simon R.] Univ Maryland, Parks Coll, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bandler, Simon R.] Univ Maryland, CREST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kelly, Daniel P.] MEI Technol Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Porst, Jan P.] Heidelberg Univ, Chirurg Klin, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Rotzinger, Hannes] Univ Karlsruhe, Physikalisches Inst, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Seidel, George M.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Hsieh, WT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Porst, Jan-Patrick/D-2191-2012; Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 591 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500132 ER PT S AU Porst, JP Bandler, SR Adams, JS Hsieh, WT Rotzinger, H Seidel, GM Smith, SJ Stevenson, TR AF Porst, Jan-Patrick Bandler, Simon R. Adams, Joseph S. Hsieh, Wen-Ting Rotzinger, Hannes Seidel, George M. Smith, Stephen J. Stevenson, Thomas R. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Development of Position-Sensitive Magnetic Calorimeter X-ray Detectors SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE metallic magnetic calorimeter; microcalorimeter; position-sensitive detector AB We are developing arrays of position-sensitive magnetic calorimeter (PoSM) X-ray detectors for future astronomy missions. The PoSM consists of multiple absorbers thermally coupled to one magnetic sensor. Each absorber element has a different thermal coupling to the sensor. This results in a distribution of different pulse shapes and enables position discrimination between the absorber elements. PoSMs are motivated by the desire to achieve the largest possible focal plane area with the fewest number of readout channels without compromising on spatial sampling. Optimizing the performance of PoSMs requires careful design of key parameters such as the thermal conductances between the absorbers, magnetic sensor and the heat sink, as well as the absorber heat capacities. We report on the first experimental results from four-absorber PoSMs, each absorber consisting of a two layer composite of bismuth and gold. The measured energy resolution (FWHM) was less than 5 eV for 6 keV X-rays into all four absorbers. Straightforward position discrimination by means of rise-time is also demonstrated. C1 [Porst, Jan-Patrick] Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Porst, Jan-Patrick] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Bandler, Simon R.; Adams, Joseph S.; Hsieh, Wen-Ting; Smith, Stephen J.; Stevenson, Thomas R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bandler, Simon R.] Univ Maryland, CRESST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Adams, Joseph S.; Smith, Stephen J.] Univ Maryland, CRESST, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Rotzinger, Hannes] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Phys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Seidel, George M.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Porst, JP (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Smith, Stephen/B-1256-2008; Porst, Jan-Patrick/D-2191-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Smith, Stephen/0000-0003-4096-4675; FU NASA (Office of Space Science) [NNX09AC41G] FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of NASA (Office of Space Science, contract NNX09AC41G from ROSES 2008). NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 599 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292413 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500134 ER PT S AU Eckart, ME Adams, JS Bandler, SR Brekosky, RP Brown, AD Chervenak, JA Ewin, AJ Finkbeiner, FM Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Porter, FS Sadleir, JE Smith, SJ Figueroa-Feliciano, E Wikus, P AF Eckart, M. E. Adams, J. S. Bandler, S. R. Brekosky, R. P. Brown, A-D Chervenak, J. A. Ewin, A. J. Finkbeiner, F. M. Kelley, R. L. Kilbourne, C. A. Porter, F. S. Sadleir, J. E. Smith, S. J. Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Wikus, P. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Large-Absorber TES X-ray Microcalorimeters and the Micro-X Detector Array SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE microcalorimeters; low-temperature detectors; transition-edge sensors; x-ray spectroscopy AB We present experimental results and designs of large-absorber transition-edge-sensor (TES) X-ray microcalorimeters. Much of our effort has focused on developing close-packed arrays of 250 - 300 mu m-sized pixels suitable for the X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer (XMS) on the International X-ray Observatory. These efforts have produced devices with the requisite energy resolution of less than or similar to 2.5 eV (FWHM) at 6 keV. There are several upcoming applications, however, that require arrays composed of significantly larger pixels. In this contribution we present experimental results from 490 Am-sized pixels that have attained 3.5 eV energy resolution at 6 keV. These devices are precursors to the pixels that are being developed for the XMS extended array. In addition, we briefly describe detector designs for the Micro-X sounding rocket experiment, which also requires an array of large-area TES microcalorimeters. C1 [Eckart, M. E.; Adams, J. S.; Bandler, S. R.; Brekosky, R. P.; Brown, A-D; Chervenak, J. A.; Ewin, A. J.; Finkbeiner, F. M.; Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Porter, F. S.; Sadleir, J. E.; Smith, S. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Eckart, M. E.] NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Adams, J. S.; Smith, S. J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Adams, J. S.; Smith, S. J.] CRESST, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Bandler, S. R.] CRESST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bandler, S. R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Figueroa-Feliciano, E.; Wikus, P.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Eckart, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Smith, Stephen/B-1256-2008; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Smith, Stephen/0000-0003-4096-4675; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; FU NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center FX This research was supported by appointment (M.E. Eckart) to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. We thank Jom Beyer (PTB-Berlin) and Kent Irwin (NIST, Boulder) for providing the SQUIDs used in this work. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 699 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292437 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500156 ER PT S AU Leman, SW Figueroa-Feliciano, E Kilbourne, CA Saab, T AF Leman, S. W. Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Kilbourne, C. A. Saab, T. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Cryogenic Hard X-ray Imaging Spectrometer for the International X-ray Observatory SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Transition Edge Sensor; X-ray Calorimeter; X-ray Astronomy; Cosmic Rays ID DETECTORS; SILICON; SENSORS; ENERGY AB We discuss the design of a Transition Edge Sensor (TES) based Cryogenic Hard X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (CHXIS) which could be used underneath the International X-ray Observatory (IXO) X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer (XMS). The XMS is required to observe astrophysical sources in the soft X-ray 0.3-10 keV bandpass. The IXO hard X-ray mirror module, however, will incorporate multilayer coatings to enhance response up to 40 keV, and inclusion of the CHXIS would extend the instrument bandpass accordingly. X-rays not absorbed in the XMS would be incident on the CHXIS; a 1 mm thick germanium CHXIS would have quantum efficiencies of 96%, 39% and 25% at 40, 80 and 100 keV respectively, with negligible Compton scattering. We are targeting an energy resolution of 500 eV at 40 keV which would be limited by Fano statistics and charge carrier recombination in the Ge bulk. The CHXIS is one possible proposal for extending the energy range of the XMS beyond the 0.2-10 keV reference design. The use of TESs makes the CHXIS compatible with existing XMS SQUID readout electronics. In this design, the absorber is divided into a small number of macropixels to reduce the number of XMS readout channels dedicated to the CHXIS. Each macropixel would have 4 phonon channels to simultaneously determine energy and position of the X-ray interaction. The position resolution is expected to exceed IXO's 30 arcsec imaging resolution by an order of magnitude. By differentiating X-rays from minimum-ionizing cosmic rays, this type of detector could also be used as an XMS anti-coincidence detector. C1 [Leman, S. W.; Figueroa-Feliciano, E.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Figueroa-Feliciano, E.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kilbourne, C. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Saab, T.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Leman, SW (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 703 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292438 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500157 ER PT S AU Smith, SJ Bandler, SR Beyer, J Chervenak, JA Drung, D Eckart, ME Finkbeiner, FM Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Porter, FS Sadleir, JE AF Smith, Stephen J. Bandler, Simon R. Beyer, Joern Chervenak, James A. Drung, Dietmar Eckart, Megan E. Finkbeiner, Fred M. Kelley, Richard L. Kilbourne, Caroline A. Porter, F. Scott Sadleir, John E. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Extended focal-plane array development for the International X-ray Observatory SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawernce Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE International X-ray Observatory; position-sensitive detector; transition-edge sensor; imaging array ID SQUID AB We are developing arrays of transition-edge sensors (TES's) for the International X-ray observatory (IXO). The IXO microcalorimeter array will consist of a central 40 x 40 core of 300 mu m pitch pixels with a resolution of 2.5 eV from 0.3 - 10 keV. To maximize the science return from the mission, an outer extended array is also required. This 52 x 52 array (2304 elements surrounding the core) of 600 mu m pitch pixels increases the field-of-view from 2' to 5.4' with a resolution of 10 eV. However, significantly increasing the number of readout channels is unfavorable due to the increase in mass and power of the readout chain as well as adding complexity at the focal plane. Consequently, we are developing position-sensitive devices which maintain the same plate scale but at a reduced number of readout channels. One option is to use multiple absorber elements with different thermal conductances to a single TES. Position discrimination is achieved from differences in the pulse rise-time. Another new option is to inductively couple several TES's to a single SQUID. Position discrimination can be achieved by using different combinations of coupling polarity, inductive couplings and heat sink conductances. We present first results demonstrating < 9 eV across four 500 gm pixels coupled to a single SQUID. A further possibility is to increase the number of channels to be time-division multiplexed in a single column at some expense in resolution. In this paper we discuss experimental results and trade-offs for these extended array options. C1 [Smith, Stephen J.; Bandler, Simon R.; Chervenak, James A.; Eckart, Megan E.; Finkbeiner, Fred M.; Kelley, Richard L.; Kilbourne, Caroline A.; Porter, F. Scott; Sadleir, John E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Smith, SJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Smith, Stephen/B-1256-2008; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Smith, Stephen/0000-0003-4096-4675; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 707 EP 710 DI 10.1063/1.3292439 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500158 ER PT S AU Kelley, RL Bandler, SR Doriese, WB Ezoe, Y Fujimoto, R Gottardi, L den Hartog, R den Herder, JW Hoevers, H Irwin, K Ishisaki, Y Kilbourne, CA de Korte, P van der Kuur, J Mitsuda, K Ohashi, T Piro, L Porter, FS Sato, K Shinozaki, K Shirron, P Smith, SJ Takei, Y Whitehouse, P Yamasaki, NY AF Kelley, R. L. Bandler, S. R. Doriese, W. B. Ezoe, Y. Fujimoto, R. Gottardi, L. den Hartog, R. den Herder, J-W Hoevers, H. Irwin, K. Ishisaki, Y. Kilbourne, C. A. de Korte, P. van der Kuur, J. Mitsuda, K. Ohashi, T. Piro, L. Porter, F. S. Sato, K. Shinozaki, K. Shirron, P. Smith, S. J. Takei, Y. Whitehouse, P. Yamasaki, N. Y. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI The X-Ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer for the International X-Ray Observatory SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawernce Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Calorimeters; X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometers; Astronomical and space-research instrumentation AB The International X-Ray Observatory (IXO) is under formulation by NASA, ESA and JAXA for deployment in 2022. IXO emerged over the last 18 months as the NASA Constellation-X and ESA/JAXA X-Ray Evolving Universe Spectrometer (XEUS) missions were combined. The driving performance requirements for the X-Ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer (XMS) are a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV over the central 2'x2' in the 0.3-7.0 keV band, and 10 eV to the edge of the 5'x5' field of view (FOV). The XMS is now based on a microcalorimeter array of Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) thermometers with Au/Bi absorbers and a SQUID MUX readout. One of the concepts studied as part of the mission formulation has a core 40x40 array corresponding to a 2'x2' FOV with 3 '' pixels surrounded by an outer, annular 52 x 52 array of 6 '' pixels that extends the field of view to 5.4'x5.4' with better than 10 eV resolution. There are several options for implementing the readout and cooling system of the XMS under study in the US, Europe and Japan. The ADR system will have from two to five stages depending on the performance of the cryocooler. Mechanical coolers with sufficient cooling power at 4K are available now, and similar to 2K coolers are under development. In this paper we give an overview of the XMS instrument, and some of the tradeoffs to be addressed for this observatory instrument. C1 [Kelley, R. L.; Bandler, S. R.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Porter, F. S.; Shirron, P.; Smith, S. J.; Whitehouse, P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kelley, RL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Smith, Stephen/B-1256-2008; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012; PIRO, LUIGI/E-4954-2013 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Smith, Stephen/0000-0003-4096-4675; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; PIRO, LUIGI/0000-0003-4159-3984 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 757 EP 760 DI 10.1063/1.3292449 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500168 ER PT J AU Cross, AD Beauchamp, DA Moss, JH Myers, KW AF Cross, Alison D. Beauchamp, David A. Moss, Jamal H. Myers, Katherine W. TI Interannual Variability in Early Marine Growth, Size-Selective Mortality, and Marine Survival for Prince William Sound Pink Salmon SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB The main objective of this study was to use scale patterns to compare the early marine growth of the average pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha with that of fish from the same year-class that survived to adulthood to gain insight on critical periods for growth and survival. During 2001-2004, pink salmon that survived to adulthood were larger and grew faster than the average juvenile throughout the first growing season, indicating that larger, faster-growing juveniles experienced higher survival. Growth rate declined from mid-late June to early-mid-July for both juveniles at-large and fish that survived to adulthood. The adult survivors then grew at a faster rate than the average juvenile through September. Both the juvenile pink salmon population at-large and all cohorts that survived to adulthood grew at a faster rate during high-survival years than low-survival years from mid-late June to mid-late August. Greater variability in the growth trajectories of surviving adults was observed during high-survival years, potentially a result of diversified feeding or distribution strategies. This study supports findings that significant size-selective mortality of juvenile pink salmon occurs after the first growing season. Investigating the timing and magnitude of size-selective mortality on juvenile pink salmon during their first growing season is an initial step toward understanding the processes regulating growth and survival. C1 [Cross, Alison D.; Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife & Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Moss, Jamal H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Myers, Katherine W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, High Seas Salmon Res Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cross, AD (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife & Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM crossad@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation GLOBEC [0106139]; U.S. Geological Survey; Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Washington; Washington Departments of Fish and Wildlife, Ecology, and Natural Resources; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Nancy Davis, Trey Walker, and Janet Armstrong (High Seas Salmon Program, University of Washington) for help in collecting and processing scales. Lew Haldorson, Jennifer Boldt, Jack Piccolo, and Mikhail Blikshteyn (University of Alaska, Fair-banks-Juneau) helped collect samples, supplied additional data, and helped with project development. The OCC program of the National Marine Fisheries Service provided adult scales collected during the summer of 2003. We are also grateful to Captain Mark Hottmann and the crew of the RV Pandalus for help in the field and to Dave Reggiani (Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation) and Ken Morgan (Valdez Fisheries Development Association). This research was made possible by funding from National Science Foundation GLOBEC Grant 0106139 (Contribution 20), the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, which is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington; Washington Departments of Fish and Wildlife, Ecology, and Natural Resources; Wildlife Management Institute; and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1577/C08-005.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PV UT WOS:000208152800006 ER PT J AU Neuman, MJ Able, KW AF Neuman, Melissa J. Able, Kenneth W. TI Overwinter Growth and Mortality of Young-of-the-Year Windowpanes: Cohort-specific Responses SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB We tested the overwintering capability of young-of-the-year (age-0) windowpanes Scophthalmus aquosus to determine if there are cohort-specific differences in growth and mortality. We conducted a laboratory study at ambient estuarine winter temperatures from 9 November 1995 to 22 April 1996 with two cohorts (spring-spawned cohort: 83-140 mm total length [TL]; fall-spawned cohort: 15-37 mm TL). We hypothesized that (1) among individuals within both cohorts, winter growth rates would be low compared with summer growth rates; and (2) overwinter mortality rates of the smaller, fall-spawned fish would be higher than those of larger, spring-spawned fish due to size-selective mortality. Under ambient winter temperatures (-2.0 to 14.0 degrees C) with daily, ad libitum feeding in the laboratory, growth rates were low but positive for the fall-and spring-spawned fish. Overwinter mortality occurred in both cohorts but was higher for the fall cohort than for the spring cohort (75% and 31%, respectively). Within the fall cohort, mortality was size selective, with reduced survival of individuals smaller than 24 mm TL. Within the spring cohort, there was no evidence of size-selective mortality. We concluded that the first winter of life may be an important mortality bottleneck for both cohorts of age-0 windowpanes in the Middle Atlantic Bight but that mortality patterns are cohort specific and may be determined by different combinations of factors, such as fish size at the start of winter, the magnitude of water temperature decline between fall and winter, and the frequency and duration of extremely cold water temperatures. Thus, overwinter mortality during the first winter of life may influence the population dynamics of the windowpane and other multimodal spawners inhabiting the Middle Atlantic Bight. C1 [Neuman, Melissa J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SW Reg Off, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Able, Kenneth W.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Marine Field Stn, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. RP Neuman, MJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SW Reg Off, 501 W Ocean Blvd,Suite 4200, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. EM Melissa.Neuman@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Rutgers University; Manasquan River Marlin and Tuna Club; Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences (IMCS) FX We thank R. Hoden and D. Witting for logistical support. D. Witting assisted with the analyses and provided comments on an earlier draft. We are grateful to C. Curran, S. Lucas, K. Spendiff and staff at RUMFS for their help in collecting data. We dedicate this work to the inspiring legacies of two friends and colleagues: Stacy Moore Hagan and Steven Berkely. This work was funded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Rutgers University Cooperative Marine Education and Research Program, the Manasquan River Marlin and Tuna Club, and the Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences (IMCS). This is IMCS Contribution Number 2009-5. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1577/C08-022.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PV UT WOS:000208152800011 ER PT J AU Parrish, FA Roark, EB AF Parrish, Frank A. Roark, E. Brendan TI Growth validation of gold coral Gerardia sp in the Hawaiian Archipelago SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Deep-sea coral; Mark and remeasure; Parasite; Colonization; Precious coral; Ring counts; Annuli; Radiocarbon dating ID DEEP-SEA CORALS; AGE CALIBRATION; C-14 DATA; RADIOCARBON; ANTIPATHARIA; LONGEVITY; CNIDARIA; RINGS AB Colonies of the Hawaiian gold coral Gerardia sp. (n = 48) were measured, marked and then revisited 1 to 9 yr later to look for evidence of linear growth. The video images showed no change in the proportional size of the coral colonies relative to the marker pots left on the bottom and no change in the pattern of distal branches. Few of the measured delta values exceeded the error of our measurement technique, and the detected change in the sample was statistically indistinguishable from zero. Even though the temperature cycle in the coral beds appears seasonal, these observations indicate that gold coral growth is much slower than growth estimates derived from basal stem ring counts treated as annuli. The period of study was too short to effectively evaluate the validity of life span estimates from radiocarbon studies. The variability in radiocarbon data was assessed with broad sampling (n = 23) across study sites to reveal a mean life span of 950 yr with an overall radial growth of similar to 41 mu m yr(-1). Based on the calculation of a gross radiocarbon linear growth rate of 2.2 +/- 0.2 mm yr(-1), the sample colonies marked in the field would have grown similar to 1.8 cm during the study period. C1 [Parrish, Frank A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Roark, E. Brendan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Parrish, FA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM frank.parrish@noaa.gov RI Roark, Erin/D-4124-2013 OI Roark, Erin/0000-0002-1742-9642 FU National Undersea Research Program; NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration; Hawaii Fishery Disaster Relief Program FDRP [657781] FX Initial field marking of colonies was made possible with support from the National Undersea Research Program and the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration. The 2007 dives to collect samples and remeasure colonies were supported by the Hawaii Fishery Disaster Relief Program FDRP grant no. 657781. The facilities and staff of the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory were essential to accomplishing the fieldwork and the success of the project. Access to sites in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands was sanctioned by permit from the Papahanamokuakea National Marine Monument. Finally, this paper greatly benefitted from comments provided by E. Druffel, R. Grigg and 2 anonymous reviewers. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 397 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.3354/meps08299 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 548MV UT WOS:000273968400016 ER PT J AU Heifetz, J Stone, RP Shotwell, SK AF Heifetz, Jonathan Stone, Robert P. Shotwell, S. Kalei TI Damage and disturbance to coral and sponge habitat of the Aleutian Archipelago SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Deep-sea coral; Sponge; Damage; Habitat; Fishing gear effects ID SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS; ALASKA; ISLANDS; ABUNDANCE AB Video imagery was examined to quantify seafloor disturbance and damage to corals and sponges relative to fishing practices in the central Aleutian Islands of Alaska. Corals and sponges were classified as damaged if they had broken skeletons, missing or broken branches, were torn (i.e. sponges) or detached from the seafloor, or were attached but lying on the seafloor. Disturbance was defined as any alteration to the seafloor or biota caused by fishing gear or natural events. Overall, 14% of corals and 21% of sponges were damaged, and disturbance was widespread and evident on most video transects. The proportion of damaged corals was significantly less (p = 0.003) in areas with little or no bottom trawl fishing versus areas with medium and high intensity bottom trawl fishing. For other gear types, damage was not significantly different among fishing levels. Damage for all corals was 7% in untrawled areas, 7% in low-intensity areas, 14% in medium-intensity areas, and 49% in high-intensity areas. For gorgonians, 5% were damaged in untrawled areas and 23% were damaged in high-intensity areas. For hydrocorals, damage was 10% in untrawled areas and 53% in medium-intensity areas. Hydrocorals were absent from high-intensity areas. About 40% of sea whips were damaged in high-intensity areas versus 1%, in other areas. While some protective measures have been implemented to halt the expansion of bottom trawl fishing to unfished areas, the conservation of coral and sponge habitat in fished areas is still of primary concern. C1 [Heifetz, Jonathan; Stone, Robert P.; Shotwell, S. Kalei] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs,Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Heifetz, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs,Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jon.heifetz@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board; West Coast & Polar Regions Undersea Research Center (NOAA); NOAA Fisherie FX This study was part of a collaborative research effort on deep sea coral distribution and habitat in the Aleutians undertaken by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, the University of Alaska Fair-banks (UAF), and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, The project was funded by the North Pacific Research Board, the West Coast & Polar Regions Undersea Research Center (NOAA), and by NOAA Fisheries and was led by Drs. J. Heifetz (NOAA), J. Reynolds (UAF), and D. Woodby (ADF&G), and Mr. R. Stone (NOAA). We thank the multi-agency field teams and the crews of the RV 'Velero IV', the RV 'Roger Revelle', Delta Oceanographics, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for their support during fieldwork. Thanks also go to E. Brown, C. Martinez and D. Alcorn for reviewing video tapes for data collection. Two anonymous reviewers provided comments that were especially helpful. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 397 BP 295 EP 303 DI 10.3354/meps08304 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 548MV UT WOS:000273968400027 ER PT J AU Rozas, LP Minello, TJ AF Rozas, Lawrence P. Minello, Thomas J. TI Using nekton growth as a metric for assessing habitat restoration by marsh terracing SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Growth; Penaeid shrimp; Field experiment; Marsh terracing; Restoration ID SHRIMP LITOPENAEUS-SETIFERUS; JUVENILE BLUE CRABS; GRASS SHRIMP; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; GALVESTON BAY; SALT-MARSH; RED DRUM; SUBTIDAL MACROBENTHOS; SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS AB We conducted field growth experiments to evaluate marsh-terracing restoration in Galveston Bay, Texas (USA). Growth rates were compared for selected species held in mesocosms for similar to 7 d within 4 habitat type treatments: terrace marsh edge (TerM), terrace pond (TerP), reference marsh edge (RefM), and reference pond (RefP). Environmental variables were measured during each experiment, and values measured inside the experimental mesocosms generally tracked outside values. Mean daily growth rates were 0.7 to 1.9 mm (30 to 143 mg) for brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus, 0.4 to 1.2 mm (8 to 67 mg) for white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus, 0.3 to 0.6 mm (15 to 194 mg) for blue crab Callinectes sapidus, and 0.1 to 0.4 mm (0.3 to 3 mg) for daggerblade grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio. No difference was detected in growth rates among treatments for blue crab and daggerblade grass shrimp. White shrimp growth rates in August 2002 were higher in TerP than RefP, and in October 2002, were higher in RefP than TerM. Brown shrimp grew more rapidly in RefM than TerM in early May 2003, but mean growth rates were similar in both habitat types later in May 2003, and significantly lower than growth rates in RefP and TerP. Even though growth rates were not consistently higher in terrace habitat types, production rates may be higher in terrace fields than over shallow non-vegetated bottom (the habitat type replaced by marsh terracing); much higher densities of fishery species in terrace habitats more than compensate for occasionally lower growth rates there. However, our production rates should be used cautiously, because we did not include mortality rates in these estimates. We recommend using a combination of different metrics, including mortality rate, to assess secondary productivity of marsh terracing or other restoration projects. C1 [Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Minello, Thomas J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Rozas, LP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, 646 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM lawrence.rozas@noaa.gov FU NOAA Restoration Center; NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX This research was conducted through the NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center by personnel from the Fishery Ecology Branch (FEB) located at the Galveston Laboratory and the Estuarine Habitats and Coastal Fisheries Center in Lafayette, Louisiana. The assistance of everyone in the FEB was essential for the successful completion of this project. In particular, we thank H. Clinton, M. Dillender, J. Ditty, J. Doerr, S. Hillen, J. Kernan, K. Kilfoyle, G. Miller, F. Nix, M. Prine, J. Salas, K. Turner, K. Williams, and E. Wilson for helping to collect and process samples. P. Caldwell constructed Fig. I and M. Kimball Figs. 3, 5 and 6. R. Baker provided assistance in the data analysis. We acknowledge the NOAA Restoration Center and NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center for funding this research project. We thank 2 anonymous reviewers who offered suggestions that improved the original manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NOAA Fisheries Service. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 394 BP 179 EP 193 DI 10.3354/meps08274 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 535KA UT WOS:000272965900013 ER PT J AU Johnson, SW Thedinga, JF Neff, AD AF Johnson, Scott W. Thedinga, John F. Neff, A. Darcie TI Invasion by saffron cod Eleginus gracilis into nearshore habitats of Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Eleginus gracilis; Saffron cod; Distribution; Nearshore habitat; Biology; Alaska ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; NORTHERN GULF; LIFE-HISTORY; PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; COMMUNITIES; ATLANTIC; PIPEFISH; CLIMATE; FISHES AB We recently identified saffron cod Eleginus gracilis as a dominant fish species in near-shore habitats (<5 m deep, <20 m offshore) of western Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, USA. Saffron cod have not been previously reported in PWS, and their capture suggests that fish community structure has changed in nearshore habitats. Nearly 16 000 saffron cod were captured in 49 of 95 beach seine hauls at 8 locations in western PWS in 2006 and 2007. Saffron cod accounted for 32% of the total fish catch (49 060 fish, 45 species). Abundance of saffron cod differed by season and habitat type; catch was greater in summer and fall than in spring, and fish were captured almost exclusively in eelgrass Zostera marina habitat. Most saffron cod captured were Age-0; based on age from otoliths, mean size of Age-0 fish increased from 70 mm total length (TL) (n = 8) in July to 108 mm TL (n = 21) in September. Age-0 saffron cod consumed predominantly pelagic fauna (oikopleurans), whereas fish aged >= 1 targeted predominantly epibenthic fauna (polychaetes and crustaceans). Most saffron cod left the nearshore area by late summer; of 1002 fish that were fin-clipped and released at 1 sampling location (eelgrass) in July 2007, only 2 were recaptured in late August 2007. Reasons for the sudden and dramatic increase in the abundance of saffron cod in western PWS are unclear; possible ecological implications, however, include competition for food and space and increased predation risk to commercially important and forage fish species. C1 [Johnson, Scott W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Johnson, SW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM scott.johnson@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [642]; NOAA Fisheries Essential Fish Habitat Program FX We thank the crews of the RV 'Solstice' and RV 'Pandalus' for their invaluable support at sea; and D. Greenwell, P. Harris, K. Holderied, J. Hudson, M. Lindeberg, S. L. McConahay, J. Moran, S. Saupe, F. Sewall, M. Sturdevant, and A. Sreenivasan for help with field and laboratory work. We especially thank M. Eagleton of the NMFS regional office in Anchorage for providing logistical support and K. Munk of the Alaska Department of Fish & Game in Juneau for analyzing otoliths for age determination. Funding for this research was provided by the North Pacific Research Board (Project 642, Publication #219) and the NOAA Fisheries Essential Fish Habitat Program. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 389 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.3354/meps08226 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 505EO UT WOS:000270673100017 ER PT J AU Kubis, S Chaloupka, M Ehrhart, L Bresette, M AF Kubis, Stacy Chaloupka, Milani Ehrhart, Llewellyn Bresette, Michael TI Growth rates of juvenile green turtles Chelonia mydas from three ecologically distinct foraging habitats along the east central coast of Florida, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Chelonia mydas; Density-dependent effects; Developmental habitat; Florida; Foraging grounds; Generalized Additive Mixed Model; Green turtles; Growth rate ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; SOMATIC GROWTH; SEA-TURTLES; SOUTHERN BAHAMAS; CARETTA-CARETTA; MARINE TURTLES; WILD; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS AB A generalized additive mixed modeling approach was used to assess somatic growth for juvenile green turtles Chelonia mydas at 4 sites in 3 ecologically distinct foraging habitats along the east central coast of Florida, USA. The 3 habitats were a man-made nuclear submarine turning basin (Trident Submarine Basin), an estuary (Indian River Lagoon), and oceanic sabellariid worm rock reefs (Sebastian Inlet and St. Lucie Power Plant). Turtles from the Indian River Lagoon site grew significantly faster than turtles from the Trident Submarine Basin and sabellariid worm rock reef sites. There were no significant differences in growth rates between the sabellariid worm rock reef and Trident Submarine Basin sites. Non-monotonic or dome-shaped growth rate functions reflecting an immature peak in growth rates were observed for all 3 habitats. Growth rates peaked in 1998 for turtles in the Trident Submarine Basin and sabellariid worm rock reef habitats; since then growth rates have declined. This temporal decline in growth rates may reflect density-dependent effects on growth as more juveniles recruit to Florida foraging grounds, a direct result of increases in nest production at the primary rookeries (Costa Rica, Florida and Mexico), Developmental habitats are important for the survival of juvenile marine turtles. This study illustrates the degree to which juvenile growth rates vary among developmental habitats, which ultimately can affect the rate of growth and recovery potential of nesting stocks. C1 [Kubis, Stacy; Ehrhart, Llewellyn] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Kubis, Stacy] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Turtle Res Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Chaloupka, Milani] Univ Queensland, Ecol Modelling Serv PL, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Bresette, Michael] Quantum Resources, Jensen Beach, FL 34957 USA. RP Kubis, S (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM stacy.hargrove@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Richard King Mellon Foundation; Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund; Bernice Barbour Foundation; Brevard Zoo FX We thank D, Bagley, W. Redfoot, G. Antonelis, G. Balazs, M. Snover, and J. Hargrove for their constructive comments. We also thank the students from the University of Central Florida who helped catch and work up turtles in good weather and bad, as well as the staff of Quantum Resources who captured turtles at the St. Lucie Power Plant. This work was supported in part by the National Marine Fisheries Service, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Richard King Mellon Foundation, the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund, the Bernice Barbour Foundation, and the Brevard Zoo. All work was conducted in compliance with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, University of Central Florida. NR 46 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 389 BP 257 EP 269 DI 10.3354/meps08206 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 505EO UT WOS:000270673100022 ER PT J AU Malecha, PW Stone, RP AF Malecha, Patrick W. Stone, Robert P. TI Response of the sea whip Halipteris willemoesi to simulated trawl disturbance and its vulnerability to subsequent predation SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Trawling; Sea whip; Halipteris willemoesi; Seafloor habitat; Nudibranch; Tritonia diomedea ID CARIBBEAN GORGONIANS PSEUDOPTEROGORGIA; CORAL MONTASTREA-ANNULARIS; STRUCTURAL DEFENSES; OIL POLLUTION; FISHING GEAR; GROWTH; ALASKA; REPRODUCTION; REGENERATION; GENERALIST AB The sea whip Halipteris willemoesi occurs in habitats coincident with bottom trawl fisheries in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea and can be damaged by passing trawls. Little is known about the long-term fate of sea whips damaged by trawl gear. Sea whip responses to simulated trawl disturbance were observed in situ over a period of about 1 yr in order to assess delayed mortality from sublethal injuries. Colonies of H. willemoesi were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups and 1 control group. Treatments were designed to mimic trawl damage including dislodgement, fracture of the axial rod, and soft tissue abrasion. Fifty percent of dislodged colonies demonstrated the ability to rebury their peduncles and recover to an erect position. Most of these colonies eventually became dislodged again without further disturbance and only one was erect at the final observation. None of the fractured colonies were able to repair their axial rods and only one was erect at the experiment's conclusion. Light tissue abrasion caused only minor tissue losses that lessened over time, and all abraded and control colonies remained erect throughout the experiment. Tissue losses among the dislodged and fractured sea whips increased throughout the experimental period and were mainly due to predation by the nudibranch Tritonia diomedea, which appeared to react with a strong scavenging response to sea whips lying on the seafloor. The presence of predators in areas where sea whips are disturbed may exacerbate trawl effects since damaged or dislodged colonies are more vulnerable to predation. C1 [Malecha, Patrick W.; Stone, Robert P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Malecha, PW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM pat.malecha@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 388 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.3354/meps08145 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 495LK UT WOS:000269892700017 ER PT J AU Sigler, MF Tollit, DJ Vollenweider, JJ Thedinga, JF Csepp, DJ Womble, JN Wong, MA Rehberg, MJ Trites, AW AF Sigler, Michael F. Tollit, Dominic J. Vollenweider, Johanna J. Thedinga, John F. Csepp, David J. Womble, Jamie N. Wong, Mandy A. Rehberg, Michael J. Trites, Andrew W. TI Steller sea lion foraging response to seasonal changes in prey availability SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Prey availability; Foraging; Steller sea lion; Prey selection; Diet; Walleye Pollock; Herring ID EULACHON THALEICHTHYS-PACIFICUS; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS POPULATION; PINNIPED DIET COMPOSITION; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; NUTRITIONAL STRESS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; FECAL SAMPLES; ATTENDANCE PATTERNS; SKELETAL STRUCTURES AB We hypothesized that: (1) Steller sea lion Eurmetopias jubatus diet choice is a function of prey availability, (2) sea lions move to take advantage of times and locations of seasonal prey concentrations and (3) the number present depends on the amount of prey available (numerical response). Over 3 yr, typically on a quarterly basis, in Frederick Sound, SE Alaska, multiple measurements were taken of Steller sea lion abundance (aerial surveys), diet (scats), dive behavior (satellite telemetry) and prey availability and caloric density (nearshore, pelagic and demersal fish surveys). We found that Steller sea lions shifted diet composition in response to changes in prey availability of pollock Theragra chalcogramma, hake Merluccius productus, herring Clupea pallasi and salmon Oncorhynchus spp. They selected intermediate-sized fish and avoided small (<10 cm) and large (>60 cm) fish, and moved between areas as prey became available seasonally. The number of sea lions present depended on the amount of prey available; a standing biomass of 500 to 1700 t of prey in a non-breeding area such as Frederick Sound, depending on species composition, can attract and sustain about 500 sea lions. Pollock was more frequent in sea lion diet in inside waters of SE Alaska-including Frederick Sound, Stephens Passage and Lynn Canal-than anywhere else in Alaska and contributed similar to 1/3 of the dietary energy in Frederick Sound. This finding implies that a diet with substantial year-round contributions from less nutritious, but abundant prey such as pollock can form part of a healthy diet as long as more nutritious prey such as herring, salmon or eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus also are consumed. Our study supports the conclusion that the Steller sea lion is an opportunistic marine predator with a flexible foraging strategy that selects abundant, accessible prey and shifts among seasonally available species. C1 [Sigler, Michael F.; Vollenweider, Johanna J.; Thedinga, John F.; Csepp, David J.; Womble, Jamie N.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Tollit, Dominic J.; Wong, Mandy A.; Trites, Andrew W.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Marine Mammal Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Rehberg, Michael J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Statewide Marine Mammal Program, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Sigler, MF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mike.sigler@noaa.gov; tollit@zoology.ubc.ca RI Trites, Andrew/K-5648-2012 FU NOAA; North Pacific Marine Science Foundation FX We appreciate reviews by L. Fritz, M. A. Lea and M. Willson. T. Gelatt led the sea lion satellite telemetry effort. Financial support was provided to A.W.T. and D.J.T, by NOAA and the North Pacific Marine Science Foundation through the North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium. NR 87 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 388 BP 243 EP 261 DI 10.3354/meps08144 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 495LK UT WOS:000269892700021 ER PT S AU Plaut, JJ Picardi, G Watters, TW Gurnett, DA AF Plaut, J. J. Picardi, G. Watters, T. W. Gurnett, D. A. CA MARSIS Sci Team GP esa TI MARSIS: Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding SO MARS EXPRESS: THE SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS SE ESA Special Publications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MEDUSAE FOSSAE FORMATION; CRUSTAL MAGNETIC-FIELD; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; TOPOGRAPHY; VENUS; ICE AB We report the findings of MARSIS from the first several months of its science operations phase. Subsurface soundings were used to probe the north polar layered deposits to their base, up to 1.8 km deep. The base of the south polar layered deposits was mapped, and the volume of the deposits was measured. Radar penetration was observed in the equatorial Medusae Fossae formation, indicating the presence of low-density material that may include water ice. In the ionospheric sounding mode, several types of echo were observed, ranging from vertical echoes caused by specular reflection from the horizontally stratified ionosphere, to a wide variety of oblique and diffuse echoes. Echoes at the electron plasma frequency and the cyclotron period provide measurements of the local electron density and magnetic field strength. C1 [Plaut, J. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Picardi, G.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Infocom Dept, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Watters, T. W.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Gurnett, D. A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Plaut, JJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM plaut@jpl.nasa.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 978-92-9221-975-8 J9 ESA SPEC PUBL PY 2009 BP 97 EP 114 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKX38 UT WOS:000269524400004 ER PT S AU Patzold, M Tellmann, S Andert, T Carone, L Fels, M Schaa, R Stanzel, C Audenrieth-Kersten, I Gahr, A Muller, AL Stracke, B Stupar, D Walter, C Hausler, B Remus, S Selle, J Griebel, H Eidel, W Asmar, S Goltz, G Kahan, D Barriot, JP Dehant, V Beuthe, M Rosenblatt, P Karatekin, O Lainey, V Tyler, GL Hinson, D Simpson, R Twicken, J AF Paetzold, M. Tellmann, S. Andert, T. Carone, L. Fels, M. Schaa, R. Stanzel, C. Audenrieth-Kersten, I. Gahr, A. Mueller, A. -L. Stracke, B. Stupar, D. Walter, C. Haeusler, B. Remus, S. Selle, J. Griebel, H. Eidel, W. Asmar, S. Goltz, G. Kahan, D. Barriot, J. -P. Dehant, V. Beuthe, M. Rosenblatt, P. Karatekin, O. Lainey, V. Tyler, G. L. Hinson, D. Simpson, R. Twicken, J. GP esa TI MaRS: Mars Express Radio Science Experiment SO MARS EXPRESS: THE SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS SE ESA Special Publications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GLOBAL SURVEYOR; BISTATIC RADAR; GRAVITY-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; SPACECRAFT; PHOBOS; OCCULTATION; ATMOSPHERE; DENSITY; PROFILES AB The Mars Express Radio Science Experiment (MaRS) started regular operations in April 2004. The experiment employed radio occultation during two occultation seasons in April-August 2004 and December 2004 to sound the neutral martian atmosphere to derive vertical density, pressure and temperature profiles as functions of height, and to sound the ionosphere to derive vertical ionospheric electron density profiles. Both profile types were monitored as functions of time in order to determine diurnal variations and, in the case of the ionosphere, dependence on solar wind conditions. MaRS also determined the dielectric and scattering properties of the martian surface in specific target areas by using bistatic radar, determining gravity anomalies during pericentre passes at altitudes of 250 km for investigations of the structure and evolution of the crust and lithosphere, and sounding the solar corona during the superior conjunction of Mars with the Sun from mid-August to mid-October 2004. This chapter gives, as intended by the project, an overview of the observations from April 2004 to mid-2005, and presents examples and first results. C1 [Paetzold, M.; Tellmann, S.; Andert, T.; Carone, L.; Fels, M.; Schaa, R.; Stanzel, C.; Audenrieth-Kersten, I.; Gahr, A.; Mueller, A. -L.; Stracke, B.; Stupar, D.; Walter, C.] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, D-50923 Cologne, Germany. [Haeusler, B.; Remus, S.; Selle, J.; Griebel, H.; Eidel, W.] Univ Bundeswehr Munchen, Inst Raumfahrttech, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany. [Asmar, S.; Goltz, G.; Kahan, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91009 USA. [Barriot, J. -P.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31401 Toulouse, France. [Dehant, V.; Beuthe, M.; Rosenblatt, P.; Karatekin, O.; Lainey, V.] Observ Royal Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Tyler, G. L.; Hinson, D.; Simpson, R.; Twicken, J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Space Telecommun & Radiosci Lab, Stanford, CA 95305 USA. RP Patzold, M (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Abt Planetenforsch, Rhein Inst Umweltforsch, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. EM paetzold@geo.uni-koeln.de OI Carone, Ludmila/0000-0001-9355-3752 NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 978-92-9221-975-8 J9 ESA SPEC PUBL PY 2009 BP 217 EP 245 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKX38 UT WOS:000269524400008 ER PT S AU Zender, J Delhaise, F Arviset, C Heather, D del Rio, JD Manaud, N Garcia, JV Hernandez, J Ortiz, I Dowson, J Jeffers, S Roatsch, T Matz, KD Poulleau, G Langevin, Y Gondet, B Reberac, A Daloze, JF Dimarellis, E Carone, L Stanzel, C D'Amore, M Orosei, R Noschese, R Cartacci, M Giuppi, S Huff, R Johnson, R Acton, C Semenov, B Guinness, E Slavney, S AF Zender, J. Delhaise, F. Arviset, C. Heather, D. Diaz del Rio, J. Manaud, N. Vazquez Garcia, J. Hernandez, J. Ortiz, I. Dowson, J. Jeffers, S. Roatsch, T. Matz, K-D. Poulleau, G. Langevin, Y. Gondet, B. Reberac, A. Daloze, J. F. Dimarellis, E. Carone, L. Stanzel, C. D'Amore, M. Orosei, R. Noschese, R. Cartacci, M. Giuppi, S. Huff, R. Johnson, R. Acton, C. Semenov, B. Guinness, E. Slavney, S. GP esa TI Spacecraft and Payload Data Handling SO MARS EXPRESS: THE SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS SE ESA Special Publications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The success of a scientific mission is determined by the quality of the scientific results. The prompt delivery of instrument and ancillary raw data to the instrument teams and of reduced and calibrated data to the scientific community is therefore a key element in the mission design. This chapter describes the flow of data from the spacecraft through the ground segment via the instrument teams to the final scientific archive. Several software tools and standards are used to support data dissemination. The functionality of the individual tools is explained, the interfaces to the individual groups are discussed, and examples of the graphical user interfaces are shown. Finally, the chapter provides a brief introduction to each of the currently available datasets. C1 [Zender, J.; Heather, D.] ESA, Estec, Res & Sci Support Dept, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Delhaise, F.] ESA, ESOC, Ground Syst Engn Dept, Darmstadt, Germany. [Arviset, C.; Diaz del Rio, J.; Manaud, N.; Vazquez Garcia, J.; Hernandez, J.; Ortiz, I.; Dowson, J.] ESA, ESAC, Sci Operat Dept, Madrid, Spain. [Jeffers, S.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Roatsch, T.; Matz, K-D.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Poulleau, G.; Langevin, Y.; Gondet, B.] Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Carone, L.; Stanzel, C.] Univ Cologne, Rhein Inst Umweltforsch, Abt Planetenforsch, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. [D'Amore, M.] CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Orosei, R.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm IASF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Noschese, R.; Cartacci, M.; Giuppi, S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Infocom Dept, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Giuppi, S.; Huff, R.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Reberac, A.; Daloze, J. F.; Dimarellis, E.] CNRS, Serv Aeron, IPSL, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. [Acton, C.; Semenov, B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Guinness, E.; Slavney, S.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Zender, J (reprint author), ESA, Estec, Res & Sci Support Dept, Noordwijk, Netherlands. EM joe.zender@esa.int OI Carone, Ludmila/0000-0001-9355-3752; Cartacci, Marco/0000-0001-9825-1817; Noschese, Raffaella/0000-0003-0502-0337; D'Amore, Mario/0000-0001-9325-6889 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 978-92-9221-975-8 J9 ESA SPEC PUBL PY 2009 BP 257 EP 276 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKX38 UT WOS:000269524400010 ER PT B AU Kuhlman, KR Behar, A Jones, J Boston, P Antol, J Hajos, G Kelliher, W Coleman, M Crawford, R Rothschild, L Buehler, M Bearman, G Wilson, DW AF Kuhlman, Kimberly R. Behar, Alberto Jones, Jack Boston, Penelope Antol, Jeffrey Hajos, Gregory Kelliher, Warren Coleman, Max Crawford, Ronald Rothschild, Lynn Buehler, Martin Bearman, Greg Wilson, Daniel W. BE Badescu, V TI Tumbleweed: A New Paradigm for Surveying the Surface of Mars for In-situ Resources SO MARS: PROSPECTIVE ENERGY AND MATERIAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; NITRATE DEPOSITS; DETECT LAYERS; SOIL; GPR; SUBSURFACE; PERMAFROST; FREQUENCY; SVALBARD C1 [Kuhlman, Kimberly R.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Behar, Alberto; Jones, Jack; Coleman, Max; Wilson, Daniel W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Boston, Penelope] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Earth & Environm Sci Dept, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Antol, Jeffrey; Hajos, Gregory; Kelliher, Warren] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Crawford, Ronald] Univ Idaho, Environm Biotechnol Inst, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Bearman, Greg] Snapshot Spectra, Pasadena, CA 91104 USA. [Buehler, Martin] Decagon Devices, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Rothschild, Lynn] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kuhlman, KR (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 Ft Lowell Rd,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM kim@psi.edu; Aberto.E.Behar@jpl.nasa.gov; Jack.A.Jones@jpl.nasa.gov; pboston@nmt.edu; Jeffrey.Antol-1@nasa.gov; Gregory.A.Hajos@nasa.gov; Waren.C.Kelliher@nasa.gov; Max.Coleman@jpl.nasa.gov; crawford@uidaho.edu; Lynn.J.Rothschild@nasa.gov; mbuehler@decagon.com; gregb@snapshotspectra.com; daniel.w.wilson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 91 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-03628-6 PY 2009 BP 401 EP 429 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-03629-3_14 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-03629-3 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels GA BNL69 UT WOS:000274866000014 ER PT B AU Zacny, K Bar-Cohen, Y AF Zacny, Kris Bar-Cohen, Yoseph BE Badescu, V TI Drilling and Excavation for Construction and In-Situ Resource Utilization SO MARS: PROSPECTIVE ENERGY AND MATERIAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARS C1 [Zacny, Kris] Honeybee Robot Spacecraft Mech Corp, New York, NY 10001 USA. [Bar-Cohen, Yoseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Zacny, K (reprint author), Honeybee Robot Spacecraft Mech Corp, 460 W 34th St, New York, NY 10001 USA. EM zacny@honeybeerobotics.com; yosi@jpl.nasa.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-03628-6 PY 2009 BP 431 EP 459 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-03629-3_15 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-03629-3 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels GA BNL69 UT WOS:000274866000015 ER PT S AU Chamis, CC Abumeri, GH AF Chamis, C. C. Abumeri, G. H. BE Mammoli, AA Brebbia, CA TI A unique computational algorithm to simulate probabilistic multi-factor interaction model complex material point behavior SO MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION IV: COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AND EXPERIMENTS SE WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computation Methods and Experiments in Materials Characterisation CY JUN 17-19, 2009 CL New Forest, ENGLAND DE weight; comparisons; cumulative distribution; probabilistic sensitivities; local optimization AB The Multi-Factor Interaction Model (MFIM) is used to evaluate the divot weight (foam weight ejected) from the launch external tanks. The multi-factor has sufficient degrees of freedom to evaluate a large number of factors that may contribute to the divot ejection. It also accommodates all interactions by its product form. Each factor has an exponent that satisfies only two points-the initial and final points. The exponent describes a monotonic path from the initial condition to the final. The exponent values are selected so that the described path makes sense in the absence of experimental data. In the present investigation, the data used was obtained by testing simulated specimens in launching conditions. Results show that the MFIM is an effective method of describing the divot weight ejected under the conditions investigated. C1 [Chamis, C. C.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Chamis, CC (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1746-4471 BN 978-1-84564-189-4 J9 WIT TRANS ENG SCI PY 2009 VL 64 BP 55 EP 67 DI 10.2495/MC090061 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA BLS14 UT WOS:000270918100006 ER PT J AU Roth, DJ Tokars, RP Martin, RE Rauser, RW Aldrin, JC Schumacher, EJ AF Roth, D. J. Tokars, R. P. Martin, R. E. Rauser, R. W. Aldrin, J. C. Schumacher, E. J. TI Ultrasonic Phased Array Testing Simulations of Welded Components at NASA SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE nondestructive testing; computational simulation; ultrasonics; weld; modeling; phased array; probability of detection AB Comprehensive and accurate tests of welded components have become increasingly important as NASA develops new hardware, such as Ares rocket segments, for future exploration missions. Simulation and modeling will play an increased role in the future of nondestructive testing in order to better understand the physics of the testing process and help explain the experimental results. It will also help to prove or disprove the feasibility of a test technique or scenario, help optimize testing, and allow, to a first approximation, determination of limits of detectability. This study presents simulation and experimental results for ultrasonic phased array testing of a critical welded structure important for NASA future exploration vehicles. C1 [Roth, D. J.; Tokars, R. P.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Opt Instrumentat & NDE Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Martin, R. E.] Cleveland State Univ, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Rauser, R. W.] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Aldrin, J. C.] Computat Tools Inc, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Schumacher, E. J.] Magsoft Corp, Ballston Spa, NY 12020 USA. RP Roth, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Opt Instrumentat & NDE Branch, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM donald.j.roth@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 67 IS 1 BP 60 EP 65 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 392LF UT WOS:000262303500007 ER PT B AU Bowman, RC Reiter, JW Hwang, SJ Kim, C Kabbour, H AF Bowman, Robert C., Jr. Reiter, Joseph W. Hwang, Son-Jong Kim, Chul Kabbour, Houria BE Jena, P Kandalam, A Sun, Q TI CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPLEX METAL HYDRIDES BY HIGH-RESOLUTION SOLID STATE NMR SPECTROSCOPY SO MATERIALS ISSUES IN A HYDROGEN ECONOMY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Materials Issues in a Hydrogen Economy CY NOV 12-15, 2007 CL Richmond, VA ID REVERSIBLE HYDROGEN STORAGE; THERMODYNAMICAL STABILITIES; ALUMINUM-HYDRIDE; BOROHYDRIDES; POTASSIUM; SYSTEMS; SODIUM; AL-27; MG; SC AB Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies provide very detailed information on the complicated processes involving the formation of hydride phases and their transformations including reversibility and the roles of catalysts. Examples from recent investigations on complex metal hydrides illustrate how NMR can address and often resolve diverse issues on phase formation and decomposition processes. First, the behavior of Sc-doping on the phase compositions and reactivity of the sodium tetra- and hexa-alanates has been assessed from the (45)Sc, (27)Al. and (23)Na spectra following mechanical milling and hydrogen absorption/desorption treatments. Second, the formation and subsequent hydrogen desorption from several borohydrides was investigated using (11)B MAS and CPMAS spectra that included clear evidence for the formation of highly stable intermediate "B(n)H(n)" species, mainly as M(x)B(12)H(12) phases, in their decomposition products that severely impact their ability to reform the initial borohydride phases. Finally, NMR was used phase identification in the Li-Mg-Al-N-H system that could not be confirmed by x-ray diffraction or other methods. C1 [Bowman, Robert C., Jr.; Reiter, Joseph W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bowman, RC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 79-24, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM robert.c.bowman-jr@jpl.nasa.gov OI Kabbour, Houria/0000-0002-9081-3261; Bowman, Robert/0000-0002-2114-1713 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-283-801-8 PY 2009 BP 192 EP 202 DI 10.1142/9789812838025_0018 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BLE72 UT WOS:000270024700018 ER PT B AU Aldrich, JB AF Aldrich, J. B. GP IEEE TI Event-triggered feedback for resonance tuning of harmonic oscillators SO MED: 2009 17TH MEDITERRANEAN CONFERENCE ON CONTROL & AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation CY JUN 24-26, 2009 CL Thessaloniki, GREECE AB Resonance tracking control of oscillatory plants whose natural frequency is unknown is investigated from a Lyapunov stability perspective. In particular, an event-triggered discrete-time system is investigated for this purpose. The proposed resonance tuner is time-synchronized with periodic sampling of the harmonic plant's output to ensure that an analytical relationship exists between the period of the driving squareveave and the tracking error. This relation defines a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems whose origin, is shown to be asymptotically stable. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Aldrich, JB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 198-326, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jaldrich@jpl.nasa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4684-1 PY 2009 BP 302 EP 307 DI 10.1109/MED.2009.5164557 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BQC63 UT WOS:000280699600053 ER PT S AU Chamis, CC AF Chamis, Christos C. BE Korsunsky, AM Dini, D Sih, GC TI Meso Mechanics for Fiber Reinforced Composites with Nano Fiber Reinforced Matrix SO MESOMECHANICS 2009 SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mesomechanics 2009 Conference CY JUN 24-26, 2009 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP Imperial Coll London, Lehigh Univ DE computational simulation; composite properties AB A simulation is investigated to obtain properly enhanced matrices reinforced with nano fibers with different volume ratios of 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6. Results from this investigation show that matrices reinforced with nano fiber volume ratios of less than 0.1 have useful properties and can be used for conventional fiber reinforced composites. Results, from matrices reinforced with nano fiber volume ratios greater than 0.1, are not as conclusive. This may be because the nano fiber reinforcement in the matrix interferes with the larger diameter fibers. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Chamis, CC (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Christos.C.Chamis@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 43 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2009.06.012 PG 4 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BNZ97 UT WOS:000275988600011 ER PT S AU Minnetyan, L Abdi, F Chamis, CC Huang, DD AF Minnetyan, Levon Abdi, Frank Chamis, Christos C. Huang, Dade BE Korsunsky, AM Dini, D Sih, GC TI Computational adaptive structure assessment of c-130 flaperon SO MESOMECHANICS 2009 SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mesomechanics 2009 Conference CY JUN 24-26, 2009 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP Imperial Coll London, Lehigh Univ DE composites; control; durability; morphing; optimal design; piezoelectric; probabilistic design AB Computational software for composites has been enhanced to simulate the shape changes for piezo-electrically controlled structures. The Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and Morphing Evaluation considered Durability and Damage Tolerance (D&DT) and reliability analysis utilizing the GENOA Multi-scale Progressive Fracture Analyzer (PFA). SHM software is now developed to simulate and validate probabilistic design methodology to identify piezoelectric composite shape control as well as damage progression due to piezoelectric control of composite airfoils in airframe and engine applications. Given the requirements of airfoil shape control and limits, the GENOA composite mechanics module is used to determine basic parameters and choices of sandwich structure and piezo-composite architecture that will be compatible with the shape control needs. The identified candidate design parameters are evaluated via GENOA PFA for functional performance with respect to shape control as well as structural durability under service loading. The piezo-adaptive shape simulations are verified by comparison with selected closed form solutions and test data from the literature. The piezoelectrically controlled composite airfoil structure is optimized based on minimum weight, minimum damage, and maximum performance requirements. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved C1 [Minnetyan, Levon] Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Abdi, Frank; Huang, Dade] EPCH, Alpha Star Corp, Long Beach, CA 90804 USA. [Chamis, Christos C.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Minnetyan, L (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM levon@clarkson.edu NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 47 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2009.06.013 PG 4 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BNZ97 UT WOS:000275988600012 ER PT S AU Minnetyan, L Abdi, F Chamis, CC Huang, DD AF Minnetyan, Levon Abdi, Frank Chamis, Christos C. Huang, Dade BE Korsunsky, AM Dini, D Sih, GC TI Prediction/verification of composite electrical properties and nano insertion improvement SO MESOMECHANICS 2009 SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mesomechanics 2009 Conference CY JUN 24-26, 2009 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP Imperial Coll London, Lehigh Univ AB Composite equivalent electrical properties are computed based on simplified micromechanics equations(1). Dielectric constant, dielectric strength, and conductivity are computed utilizing the constituent material properties, effective medium, and percolation theories. 2D/3-D composite electrical properties simulation requires the algorithm development that combines the effective medium and percolation theories. A physically based percolation model is proposed to characterize the effective electrical conductivity of particle filled composites by means of the combination of effective medium (EM) and percolation equations with universal exponents. It is shown that the present model agrees well with the experimental data. Furthermore, the effect of particle shape on the percolation threshold and the effect of electrical conductivity of particle on the effective properties of composites are discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved C1 [Minnetyan, Levon] Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Abdi, Frank; Huang, Dade] EPCH, Alpha Star Corp, Long Beach 90804, CA USA. [Chamis, Christos C.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Minnetyan, L (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM levon@clarkson.edu NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 51 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2009.06.014 PG 4 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BNZ97 UT WOS:000275988600013 ER PT J AU Bogard, DD AF Bogard, Donald D. TI K-Ar dating of rocks on Mars: Requirements from Martian meteorite analyses and isochron modeling SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NOBLE-GASES; AGES; SHERGOTTITES; CHASSIGNY; ARGON; CHRONOLOGY; EVOLUTION; EJECTION; ALH84001; ZAGAMI AB Radiometric age dating of Martian rocks and surfaces at known locations for which crater densities can be determined is highly desirable in order to fully understand Martian history. Performing K-Ar age dating of igneous rocks on Mars by robots, however, presents technical challenges. Some of these challenges can be defined by examining Ar-Ar data acquired on Martian meteorites, and others can be evaluated through numerical modeling of simulated K-Ar isochrons like those that would be acquired robotically on Martian rocks. Excess (40)Ar is present in all shergottites. Thus for Martian rocks, the slopes of K-Ar isochrons must be determined to reasonable precision in order to calculate reliable ages. Model simulations of possible isochrons give an indication of some requirements in order to define a precise rock age: Issues addressed here are: how many K-Ar analyses should be made of rocks thought to have the same age; what range of K concentrations should these analyzed samples have; and what analytical uncertainty in K-Ar measurements is desirable. Meteorite data also are used to determine the D/a(2) diffusion parameters for Ar in plagioclase and pyroxene separates of several shergottites and nakhlites. These data indicate the required temperatures and times for heating similar Martian rocks in order to extract Ar. Quantitatively extracting radiogenic (40)Ar could be difficult, and degassing cosmogenic Ar from mafic phases even more so. Considering all these factors, robotic K-Ar dating of Martian rocks may be achievable, but will be challenging. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Code KR, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Bogard, DD (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Code KR, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM donald.d.bogard@nasa.gov FU NASA FX I thank Chi-Yu Shih for furnishing mineral separates prepared for radiometric dating and Jisun Park and Dan Garrison for participating in the Ar-Ar analyses. Funding was provided by NASA's Cosmochemistry Program. Valuable reviews were provided by Vera Fernandes, Tim Swindle, and an anonymous reviewer. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 423DJ UT WOS:000264476300001 ER PT J AU Spencer, MK Clemett, SJ Sandford, SA Mckay, DS Zare, RN AF Spencer, M. K. Clemett, S. J. Sandford, S. A. McKay, D. S. Zare, R. N. TI Organic compound alteration during hypervelocity collection of carbonaceous materials in aerogel SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMET 81P/WILD-2; AROMATIC-MOLECULES; IMPACT; PARTICLES; METEORITE; STARDUST; CAPTURE; IDENTIFICATION; SAMPLES AB The NASA Stardust mission brought to Earth micron-size particles from the coma of comet 81P/Wild 2 using aerogel, a porous silica material, as the capture medium. A major challenge in understanding the organic inventory of the returned comet dust is identifying, unambiguously, which organic molecules are indigenous to the cometary particles, which are produced from carbon contamination in the Stardust aerogel, and which are cometary organics that have been modified by heating during the particle capture process. Here it is shown that 1) alteration of cometary organic molecules along impact tracks in aerogel is highly dependent on the original particle morphology, and 2) organic molecules on test-shot terminal particles are mostly preserved. These conclusions are based on two-step laser mass spectrometry ((LMS)-M-2) examinations of test shots with organic-laden particles (both tracks in aerogel and the terminal particles themselves). C1 [Spencer, M. K.; Zare, R. N.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Clemett, S. J.; McKay, D. S.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Sandford, S. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Zare, RN (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM zare@stanford.edu FU NASA [NNG05G178G, NNG05GN81G, NNA04CK51H] FX The authors are grateful for many helpful discussions with Max Bernstein, and Jamie Elsila as well as the entire Stardust Preliminary Examination Team. We thank Andrew Westphal, Christopher Snead, and Anna Butterworth (UC-Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory) for their generous preparation of samples, without which this work would not have been possible. This work was done in coordination with the Stardust Organics Preliminary Examination Team. Funding was provided by NASA: grants NNG05G178G (Stardust Participating Scientists Program), NNG05GN81G (Cosmochemistry Program), and NNA04CK51H (M.K.S). NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 15 EP 24 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 423DJ UT WOS:000264476300002 ER PT J AU Oberbeck, VR AF Oberbeck, Verne R. TI Layered ejecta craters and the early water/ice aquifer on Mars SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IMPACT CRATERS; EMPLACEMENT; DEPOSITS; MORPHOLOGIES; DIAMETER; EROSION; DEBRIS AB A model for emplacement of deposits of impact craters is presented that explains the size range of Martian layered ejecta craters between 5 km and 60 kill in diameter in the low and middle latitudes. The impact model provides estimates of the water content of crater deposits relative to volatile content in the aquifer of Mars. These estimates together with the amount of water required to initiate fluid flow in terrestrial debris flows provide an estimate of 21 % by volume (7.6 x 10(7) km(3)) of water/ice that was stored between 0.27 and 2.5 km depth in the crust of Mars during Hesperian and Amazonian time. This would have been sufficient to supply the water for an ocean in the northern lowlands of Mars. The existence of fluidized craters smaller than 5 km diameter in some places on Mars suggests that volatiles were present locally at depths less than 0.27 kin. Deposits of Martian craters may be ideal sites for searches for fossils of early organisms that may have existed in the water table if life originated on Mars. C1 [Oberbeck, Verne R.] NASA, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. EM verne.oberbeck@yahoo.com NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 423DJ UT WOS:000264476300004 ER PT J AU Kletetschka, G Lillis, RJ Ness, NF Acuna, MH Connerney, JEP Wasilewski, PJ AF Kletetschka, Gunther Lillis, Robert J. Ness, Norman F. Acuna, Mario H. Connerney, Jack E. P. Wasilewski, Peter J. TI Magnetic zones of Mars: Deformation-controlled origin of magnetic anomalies SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRUSTAL MAGNETIZATION; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; STILLWATER COMPLEX; MANTLE CONVECTION; PLATE; FIELD; EVOLUTION; CONSTRAINTS; ACQUISITION; REMANENCE AB Intense magnetic anomalies over Martian surface suggest preservation of large volumes of very old crust (>3 Gyr) that formed in the presence of a global magnetic field. The global distribution of the magnetic intensities observed above the Martian crust suggests a division into three zones. Zone 1 is where the magnetic signature is negligible or of relatively low intensity at Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) satellite mapping altitude (400 km). Zone 2 is the region of intermediate crustal magnetic amplitudes and zone 3 is where the highest magnetic intensities are measured. Crater demagnetization near zone 3 reveals the presence of rocks with both high magnetic intensity and coercivity. Magnetic analyses of terrestrial rocks show that compositional banding in orogenic zones significantly enhances both magnetic coercivity and thermal remanent magnetization (TRM) efficiency. Such enhancement offers a novel explanation for the anomalously large intensities inferred of magnetic sources on Mars. We propose that both large magnetic coercivity and intensity near the South Pole is indicative of the presence of a large degree of deformation. Associated compositional zoning creates conditions for large scale magnetic anisotropy allowing magnetic minerals to acquire magnetization more efficiently, thereby causing the distinct magnetic signatures in zone 3, expressed by intense magnetic anomalies. We use a simple model to verify the magnetic enhancement. We hypothesize that magnetically enhanced zone would reside over the down welling plume at the time of magnetization acquisition. C1 [Kletetschka, Gunther; Ness, Norman F.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Kletetschka, Gunther] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Geol, Prague, Czech Republic. [Kletetschka, Gunther; Acuna, Mario H.; Connerney, Jack E. P.; Wasilewski, Peter J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lillis, Robert J.] UC Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Ness, Norman F.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Kletetschka, G (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM gunther.kletetschka@gsfc.nasa.gov RI Kletetschka, Gunther/C-9996-2011; connerney, john/I-5127-2013; Lillis, Robert/A-3281-2008 OI Kletetschka, Gunther/0000-0002-0645-9037; Lillis, Robert/0000-0003-0578-517X FU NSF [EAR-0609609] FX We thank Christian Teyssier and James H. Stout for their encouragement of creative thinking about tectonic processes back in graduate school in 1993. We thank Tomoko Adachi for editing and helping with finishing this manuscript. Vilem Nikula, Tomas Kohout, and one anonymous reviewer significantly improved the text. This work was supported by NSF EAR-0609609. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 131 EP 140 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 423DJ UT WOS:000264476300011 ER PT S AU Havelund, K Groce, A Holzmann, G Joshi, R Smith, M AF Havelund, Klaus Groce, Alex Holzmann, Gerard Joshi, Rajeev Smith, Margaret BE Peled, DA Wooldridge, MJ TI Automated Testing of Planning Models SO MODEL CHECKING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Model Checking and Artificial Intelligence (MoChArt 2008) CY JUL 21, 2008 CL Patras, GREECE ID CHECKER; SPIN AB Automated planning systems (APS) are maturing to the point that they have been used in experimental mode on both the NASA Deep Space 1 spacecraft and the NASA Earth Orbiter 1 satellite. One challenge is to improve the test coverage of APS to ensure that no unsafe plans can be generated. Unsafe plans can cause wasted resources or damage to hardware. Model checkers can he used to increase test coverage for large complex distributed systems and to prove the absence of certain types of errors. In this work we have built a, generalized tool to convert, the input models of an APS to PROMELA, the modeling language of the SPIN model checker. We demonstrate on a mission sized APS input model, that we with SPIN can explore a large part of the space of possible plans and verify with high probability the absence of unsafe plans. C1 [Havelund, Klaus; Groce, Alex; Holzmann, Gerard; Joshi, Rajeev; Smith, Margaret] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Havelund, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM klaus.havelund@jpl.nasa.gov; alex.d.groce@jpl.nasa.gov; gh@jpl.nasa.gov; rajeev.joshi@jpl.nasa.gov; margaret@jpl.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-00430-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5348 BP 90 EP 105 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BJH93 UT WOS:000265977800006 ER PT S AU Siminiceanu, RI Butler, RW Munoz, CA AF Siminiceanu, Radu I. Butler, Rick W. Munoz, Cesar A. BE Peled, DA Wooldridge, MJ TI Experimental Evaluation of a Planning Language Suitable for Formal Verification SO MODEL CHECKING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Model Checking and Artificial Intelligence (MoChArt 2008) CY JUL 21, 2008 CL Patras, GREECE AB The marriage of model checking and planning faces two seemingly diverging alternatives: the need for a planning language expressive enough to capture the complexity of real-life applications, as opposed to a language simple, yet, robust enough to be amenable to exhaustive verification and validation techniques. In an attempt to reconcile these differences, we have designed an abstract plan description language, ANMLite, inspired front the Action Notation Modeling Language (ANML). present the basic concepts of the ANMLite language as well is an automatic translator from ANMLite to the model checker SAL (Symbolic Analysis Laboratory). We discuss various aspects of specifying a plan in terms of constraints and explore the implications of choosing a robust logic behind the specification of constraints, rather than simply propose a new planning, language. Additionally, we provide an initial assessment of the efficiency of model checking to search for solutions of planning problems. I this end, we design a basic test benchmark and study the scalability of the generated SAL models in terms of plan complexity. C1 [Siminiceanu, Radu I.; Munoz, Cesar A.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. [Butler, Rick W.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Siminiceanu, RI (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NCC-1-02043] FX Research funding was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the cooperative agreement NCC-1-02043. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-00430-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5348 BP 132 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BJH93 UT WOS:000265977800009 ER PT S AU Sidick, E AF Sidick, Erkin BE Bosse, H Bodermann, B Silver, RM TI Power Spectral Density Specification and Analysis of Large Optical Surfaces SO MODELING ASPECTS IN OPTICAL METROLOGY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling Aspects in Optical Metrology II CY JUN 15-16, 2009 CL Munich, GERMANY SP SPIE Europe DE Power spectral density; wavefront; optical surface specification; large optical surfaces AB The 2-dimensional Power Spectral Density (PSD) can be used to characterize the mid-and the high-spatial frequency components of the surface height errors of an optical surface. We found it necessary to have a complete, easy-to-use approach for specifying and evaluating the PSD characteristics of large optical surfaces, an approach that allows one to specify the surface quality of a large optical surface based on simulated results using a PSD function and to evaluate the measured surface profile data of the same optic in comparison with those predicted by the simulations during the specification-derivation process. This paper provides a complete mathematical description of PSD error, and proposes a new approach in which a 2-dimensional (2D) PSD is converted into a 1-dimensional (1D) one by azimuthally averaging the 2D-PSD. The 1D-PSD calculated this way has the same unit and the same profile as the original PSD function, thus allows one to compare the two with each other directly. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sidick, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7673-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7390 AR 73900L DI 10.1117/12.823844 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BSR93 UT WOS:000285571900021 ER PT J AU Bauschlicher, CW AF Bauschlicher, Charles W., Jr. TI Fe+- and Mg+-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon complexes SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE DFT; IR spectra; PAHs; Fe+; Mg+ ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; INFRARED-SPECTRA; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAS-PHASE; ELECTRON CORRELATION; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; ROW ATOMS; CATIONS AB The interactions of Fe+ and Mg+ with coronene (C24H12) and Fe+ with circumcoronene (C54H18) are studied. The binding energies are more than an eV. The IR spectra of the complexes are compared with those of the parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), both neutral and cationic. The 3.3 mu m C-H stretching band and the 11.2 mu m out-of-plane C-H bending band are more similar to the parent PAH cation than to the neutral molecule, while the 6.2 mu m C-C stretching band and the 7.7 mu m in-plane C-H bending bands are more similar to the neutral PAH parent than to the cation. The allowed electronic transitions in the Mg-coronene(+) complex are at lower energies than for neutral coronene, but not as low as those found for coronene(+). The total UV cross section for all excitations below 4.8 eV is similar for coronene, coronene(+), and the Mg-coronene(+) complexes. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Technol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Bauschlicher, CW (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Technol Div, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM charles.w.bauschlicher@nasa.gov NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2009 VL 107 IS 8-12 SI SI BP 809 EP 818 DI 10.1080/00268970802649609 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 457YD UT WOS:000266972800011 ER PT J AU Lee, TJ Huang, XC Dateo, CE AF Lee, Timothy J. Huang, Xinchuan Dateo, Christopher E. TI The effect of approximating some molecular integrals in coupled-cluster calculations: fundamental frequencies and rovibrational spectroscopic constants for isotopologues of cyclopropenylidene SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coupled-cluster theory; approximate integrals; cyclopropenylidene; anharmonic analysis; fundamental vibrational frequencies ID QUARTIC FORCE-FIELD; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; HARMONIC FREQUENCIES; TRIPLE EXCITATIONS; BASIS-SETS; ISOTOPOMERS; ENERGY; IMPLEMENTATION; IDENTIFICATION; SINGLES AB The effect of approximating the three-and four-virtual molecular orbital integrals in single and double coupled-cluster theory including a perturbational correction for connected triple excitations [CCSD(T)] is investigated for the calculation of higher-order properties, specifically the calculation of a molecular quartic force field and spectroscopic constants. The approach was proposed previously, but investigated for only second- and lower-order properties. It is shown that the conclusions reached previously are essentially unchanged on moving to higher-order properties. That is, approximating the selected integrals has essentially no effect on the accuracy of CCSD(T) calculations, and the error due to approximating integrals is much smaller than the residual error due to one-particle basis set deficiencies. The advantage of this approach is that it significantly reduces the amount of data needed to perform CCSD(T) calculations, thereby reducing computational requirements associated with input/output operations and message passing in massively parallel, distributed memory algorithms. These savings are particularly important for large basis set calculations where the reduction in data can be as high as three orders of magnitude for similar to 1000 unoccupied molecular orbitals. The approach was tested by computing the quartic force field, vibrational frequencies, and spectroscopic constants of cyclopropenylidene and isotopologues. Comparison of our best results with available experimental data shows excellent agreement between theory and experiment. It is hoped that the theoretical spectroscopic data presented herein for cyclopropenylidene and isotopologues is useful in the interpretation of future laboratory experiments and astronomical observations. C1 [Lee, Timothy J.; Huang, Xinchuan; Dateo, Christopher E.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. RP Lee, TJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. EM timothy.j.lee@nasa.gov RI HUANG, XINCHUAN/A-3266-2013; Lee, Timothy/K-2838-2012 FU NASA [NNA04BC25C] FX This paper is dedicated to Professor Henry F. Schaefer, III in celebration of his 65th birthday, and in honor of his significant research accomplishments and service to the field of theoretical and computational chemistry over many years. In addition, TJL thanks Professor Schaefer for the guidance and tremendous help he has graciously given over the last 26 years. XH acknowledges the support by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Ames Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. Support from the Spitzer Space Telescope GO program (Cycle 4) is gratefully acknowledged. CED gratefully acknowledges support under NASA Contract # NNA04BC25C to ELORET Corporation. Professor Martin Head-Gordon is thanked for spirited and helpful discussions. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2009 VL 107 IS 8-12 SI SI BP 1139 EP 1152 DI 10.1080/00268970902769455 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 457YD UT WOS:000266972800040 ER PT S AU Hicks, AK Mushotzky, RF Donahue, M AF Hicks, Amalia K. Mushotzky, Richard F. Donahue, Megan BE Heinz, S Wilcots, E TI Tracing Star Formation in Cool Core Clusters with GALEX SO MONSTER'S FIERY BREATH: FEEDBACK IN GALAXIES, GROUPS, AND CLUSTERS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Monsters Fiery Breath CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL Madison, WI SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA DE External galaxies and extragalactic objects: Origin, formation, evolution, age, and star formation; Astronomical Observations: Ultraviolet (10-300 nm) ID RAY-LUMINOUS CLUSTERS; INFRARED SURVEY; FLOW CLUSTERS; GALAXIES; SAMPLE AB We present recent results from a GALEX investigation of star formation in 16 cooling core clusters of galaxies, selected to span a broad range in both redshift and central cooling time. Initial results demonstrate clear UV excesses in most, but not all, brightest cluster galaxies in our sample. This UV excess is a direct indication of the presence of young massive stars and, therefore, recent star formation. We report on the physical extent of UV emission in these objects as well as their FUV-NUV colors, and compare GALEX inferred star formation rates to central cooling times, Ha and IR luminosities for our sample. C1 [Hicks, Amalia K.; Donahue, Megan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Mushotzky, Richard F.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mushotzky, Richard F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hicks, AK (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. FU NASA through GALEX [NNX07AJ38G]; LTSA [NNG05GD82G] FX Support for this work was provided by NASA through GALEX award NNX07AJ38G and LTSA grant NNG05GD82G. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0738-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1201 BP 146 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3293020 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BOD36 UT WOS:000276293300034 ER PT S AU Cara, M Perlman, ES Uchiyama, Y Jester, S Georganopoulos, M Cheung, CC Sambruna, RM Sparks, WB Martel, A O'Dea, CP Baum, SA Axon, D Begelman, M Worrall, DM Birkinshaw, M Urry, CM Coppi, P Stawarz, L AF Cara, M. Perlman, E. S. Uchiyama, Y. Jester, S. Georganopoulos, M. Cheung, C. C. Sambruna, R. M. Sparks, W. B. Martel, A. O'Dea, C. P. Baum, S. A. Axon, D. Begelman, M. Worrall, D. M. Birkinshaw, M. Urry, C. M. Coppi, P. Stawarz, L. BE Heinz, S Wilcots, E TI Polarimetry and the High-Energy Emission Mechanisms in Quasar Jets SO MONSTER'S FIERY BREATH: FEEDBACK IN GALAXIES, GROUPS, AND CLUSTERS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Monsters Fiery Breath CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL Madison, WI SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA DE Radiation and spectra; Galaxies; Other ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; X-RAY-EMISSION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-SCALE JETS; M87 JET; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; COMPTON-SCATTERING; RADIO GALAXIES; PKS 0637-752; HOT-SPOTS AB The emission mechanisms in extragalactic jets include synchrotron and various inverse-Compton processes. At low (radio through infrared) energies, it is widely agreed that synchrotron emission dominates in both low-power (FR I) and high-power (FR II and quasar) jets, because of the power-law nature of the spectra observed and high polarizations. However, at higher energies, the emission mechanism for high-power jets at kpc scales is hotly debated. Two mechanisms have been proposed: either inverse-Compton of cosmic microwave background photons or synchrotron emission from a second, high-energy population of electrons. Here we discuss optical polarimetry as a method for diagnosing the mechanism for the high-energy emission in quasar jets, as well as revealing the jet's three-dimensional energetic and magnetic field structure. We then discuss high-energy emission mechanisms for powerful jets in the light of the HST polarimetry of PKS 1136-135. C1 [Cara, M.; Perlman, E. S.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Uchiyama, Y.] SLAC, Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jester, S.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Georganopoulos, M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Cheung, C. C.; Sambruna, R. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sparks, W. B.; Martel, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [O'Dea, C. P.; Baum, S. A.; Axon, D.] Rochester Inst Technol, CIS, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [O'Dea, C. P.; Baum, S. A.; Axon, D.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Begelman, M.] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Worrall, D. M.; Birkinshaw, M.] Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Urry, C. M.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Coppi, P.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Stawarz, L.] Stanford Univ, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Cara, M (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RI Cara, Mihai/G-1023-2013; Urry, Claudia/G-7381-2011; OI Urry, Claudia/0000-0002-0745-9792; Perlman, Eric/0000-0002-3099-1664 FU NASA UMBC FIT [NNG05-GD63DG, NNX07-AM17G]; HST [STGO- 11138]; NASA [DPR S-15633-Y]; NSC [DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083] FX TheNational RadioAstronomyObservatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. E.S.P., M.C., and M.G. acknowledge support from NASA grants NNG05-GD63DG at UMBC and NNX07-AM17G at FIT, and HST grant STGO- 11138. C.C.C. was supported at NRL by a Karles Fellowship and NASA DPR S-15633-Y. L.S. was supported by Polish NSC grant DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0738-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1201 BP 162 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3293024 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BOD36 UT WOS:000276293300038 ER EF